692:, and of denying the public the opportunity to observe whether GM crops were safe. Greenpeace also accused AgrEvo of planning to increase its GM plantings for the year 2000. It was found that Greenpeace had caused around £650-£750 of damage, and that the Brigham brothers, who were not charged, had caused about £5,000 of damage to the vehicles owned by Greenpeace.
526:
weeks earlier, further persuading
Melchett to take action. Melchett would later state that "it was vital that the crop was removed before it flowered, spreading GM pollution. Locals had urged the government to destroy the crop. The authorities are not taking the correct action and unfortunately it has fallen to Greenpeace to protect everyone's interests."
506:. Brigham received a letter inviting him to the discussion but did not attend, under advice from AgrEvo. He also received a letter inviting him to a meeting between Greenpeace and AgrEvo, which he similarly disregarded. Lyng villagers would later state that the brothers had "consulted no one" before beginning the trial. The environmental organisation
671:
police, and
William stated that "this has nothing to do with genetically modified organisms - it's whether we want democratic government in this country or anarchy." 28 people were arrested and taken to police stations around Norfolk. John Brigham collapsed later in the day due to stress, and was taken to hospital. Later, he was discharged.
877:
said the trials of GM crops would not cease, and a spokesman argued that "if we halted our strictly controlled research then there would be widespread GM crop planting without us getting the evidence we need." A spokesman for the Supply Chain
Initiative for Modified Agricultural Crops (SCIMAC), which
785:
giving evidence in support of
Melchett, all of those charged were cleared of causing criminal damage. Mellor ruled that the costs for the trials, totaling to about £250,000, would be paid by the prosecution. The trials were thought to be one of the largest groups of defendants tried in the same court
670:
John
Brigham drove out of the field and rammed one of the two Greenpeace vans that were parked outside it, before chasing one of the volunteers around the field, eventually relenting. Greenpeace volunteers were made to sit in the field by the police. The Brigham brothers were also restrained by the
658:
and were led out of the field. Melchett was also escorted out of the field by a police officer, after stating that they were enacting "decontamination of the countryside", and that they were "doing something which the public wants and is for the benefit of the environment". William
Brigham chanted
641:
attached, and rammed through the barred gate to the field. He proceeded to ram the truck blocking the entrance to get his tractor into the field, then chased various
Greenpeace protesters, causing them to move further into the crop. He cornered and rammed the Greenpeace industrial crop cutter, and
801:
to end the GM farm trials following the victory, putting forward that "the government is currently reviewing separation distances imposed between GM crops and other similar crops - separation distances which we said were completely inadequate when we took action in July 1999." The defendants were
632:
Farm owner
William Brigham interrupted the demonstration at 5:25, calling one activist a "criminal". Activists began loading the removed crop into bags and putting them onto a 7.5 ton truck. Melchett later stated in court that the group intended to "remov the entire crop", and to return it to its
525:
shortly after the letter, and said that the maize was due to flower within one week, prompting local
Greenpeace activists to begin planning to hold a protest, though the Greenpeace's inner bureaucracy was reportedly opposed to the planned action. Trials of T25 maize had been banned in Switzerland
765:
Two court trials were held under judge David Mellor. The first was held from 3 to 19 April 2000. Mellor stressed to the jury before the trial that "this case is not about whether GM crops are a good or a bad thing," and that "it is not and cannot be about which side is in the right on one of the
356:
the surrounding area, caused around £650-£750 of damage to the crops, and the farmers caused around £5,000 of damage to
Greenpeace machinery in return. All 28 protesters were arrested; they did not finish destroying the field and were not able to deliver the crop to AgrEvo in King's Lynn, as per
518:
minister, Norfolk farmer, and executive director of the organisation, being particularly vocal and attending the meeting himself; he was described by a meeting organiser as "very persuasive". Melchett wrote to Brigham after the meeting, asking him to discontinue the trial. Brigham gave another
666:
and is a former government minister sees fit to take the law into his own hands," and argued that he himself had been growing the genetically modified crop for environmental reasons, as he said he had used the crops with the more "friendly" Liberty herbicide produced by AgrEvo.
423:. English Nature and the RSPB did not necessarily support GM crops; they believed the trials may have produced evidence that would hold back GM crops from being grown commercially in Britain in the future. The maize was modified to increase its tolerance to the ArgEvo Liberty
439:
30 GM crop destructions had taken place in the UK over the previous 15 months, from which 60 people were arrested and 3 were remanded. 3 of the 7 large-scale trials of GM crops in the UK were cut down by protesters. Earlier actions included the full destruction of a field of
649:
arrived at the scene, and shouted at those involved to "stop it. All of you," which was not obeyed by either party. Stating that "you've made your political points. I'd rather you stopped," the police began to arrest the protesters. John Brigham drove into the field on a
637:. Melchett came to speak to Brigham, arguing that "we're just doing what people want," and that the maize was about to pollute nearby crops once it flowered. Brigham argued that he also had local support. At 5:28, Eddie Brigham arrived driving a tractor with a
619:
with the Greenpeace logo on the back, led by Melchett and accompanied by four journalists and a cameraman, cut their way into the field, which had been locked. They drove a tractor equipped with a cutting device with 4 ft blades, and a 3 tonne
873:, stated that the acquittal was "perverse" and that it gave the "green light" to "vandalism" and "trespass", as did William Brigham, who also said that "they used bully boy tactics to get their point across and today the bully has won". The
901:
that was broadcast the same year as the incident. Melchett was compared to Tommy Archer, who in the story was also charged with criminal damage after he attacked a field of GM crops, and who also prepared a similar successful defence.
391:, owned by the Brigham family of William, Eddie and John Brigham, who had been a farming family for almost 300 years. William owned Walnut Tree Farm, was the eldest member of the family, and was the former chair of the Norfolk
435:
field of maize, and was expected to flower in August before being harvested in October. Brigham surrounded the crop with a 300 metre gap to prevent contamination, which was more than the ITE recommendation of 200 metres.
348:
about the trial crop; a meeting was held in the local village hall in response, and Greenpeace became involved. Plans for a protest began when Greenpeace was made aware that the maize was due to flower within one week.
2013:
624:
into the field, blocked the inside of the field entrance with the truck, and re-padlocked the gate. The activists began pulling and cutting down the maize planted on the field, using their machinery as well as
802:
awarded their costs, estimated at £100,000 for both trials, and Peter Tidey, Chief Crown Prosecutor for Norfolk, warned that the verdict did not mean future protests of a similar sort would not be prosecuted.
1257:
317:(ITE). While the protest was part of a larger movement by Greenpeace against GM crops, the leadership of Melchett and the number of arrests led it to be particularly well-covered in the national press.
878:
represented GM chemical companies, stated that it was "disappointed that an extremist minority didn't have enough confidence in the scientific strength their own arguments to let the science decide."
823:
article criticised Greenpeace for referring to the 28 activists involved in the protest as the "Greenpeace 28" as it said the phrase had connotations of innocence in the same way as the
529:
13 of the 27 protesters who agreed to take part in the action aside from Melchett were volunteers in Greenpeace's public membership. They came from various parts of the UK, including
1909:
954:
2003:
419:(RSPB), as part of a farm-scale government trial of various GM crops over seven plots of land, including experimental T25 maize made by the Norfolk agro-chemical company
1876:
813:, then Member of Parliament for Islington North, commented on the arrests, stating that the charges and holding of Melchett overnight "actually makes him and others a
766:
great debates of our time". During the trial, product development manager for AgrEvo UK Judith Jordan argued that the crops were destroyed at a loss of £17,400. Under
720:
for a two-week family holiday. The 27 other protesters were charged with the same offences and also spent the night in custody at various police stations in Norfolk.
1832:
1504:
1247:
1104:
797:
Greenpeace stated that the acquittal decision was a legal landmark and that they were "delighted" by the verdict, and Melchett again called on the government and
1542:
2046:
596:
basis in the summer of 1999 to organise the action. Uwins later stated in 2020 that he was told by organisers that their likelihood of arrest was "100%".
794:; they had intended to fully remove the crop, thus attempting to prevent a greater crime of crop contamination that would have damaged another property.
642:
used the tractor's bucket to immobilise its rotors. Greenpeace's members were reduced only to manual labour, with all of their vehicles incapacitated.
1763:
1315:
1981:
1594:
1469:
1414:
1949:
863:
392:
774:
of theft, though was unable to reach a verdict on whether they had committed criminal damage after a 7.5 hour deliberation, and was discharged.
1737:
1180:
1899:
944:
1212:
855:
privately disagreed with the action as they said it risked losing the argument over the "creeping commercialisation" of GM crop trials.
684:
estimated that only a sixth of the field had been cut down by the end of the altercation. An AgrEvo spokesman accused the protesters of
561:
itself. Of the 28 total, there were 19 men and 9 women, all between the ages of 21 and 57. Protestors aside from Melchett included a
416:
333:
1800:
1008:
662:
Speaking to Guardian journalist John Vidal at the scene, William stated that he found it "amazing that a man who calls himself a
1352:
1858:
786:
in British legal history. During the trials, the juries accepted the defence's argument that they were acting to prevent GM
1694:
884:
noted that Melchett "achieved the highest profile of any UK environmental activist for a decade," following the acquittal.
1822:
1494:
1086:
874:
1532:
862:
on the debate around GM crops, and as a potential clearing of the way for further attacks against GM trial sites. The
427:, as well as its resistance to insect damage, making it a possible alternative to the use of pesticides that featured
604:
Before dawn on 26 July 1999, Melchett drove a wagon with an industrial crop cutter attached from his family farm in
824:
404:
400:
321:
314:
2004:"Peter Melchett: Eton-education son of an industrialist who became a radical environmentalist heading Greenpeace"
654:
tractor, which also had a bucket. More police arrived by 5:40, and arrested some of the volunteers. They did not
705:
511:
366:
294:
263:
148:
777:
On 20 September 2000, following the retrial which took 2 weeks with 5 hours of jury deliberation and involved
2041:
502:
about the AgrEvo deal, which prompted villagers in Lyng to hold a public meeting about the crop trial at its
782:
612:. They met at a rendezvous at 5 a.m. outside the GM field of Walnut Tree Farm, and waited behind a hedge.
2066:
1297:
441:
1971:
1576:
1451:
1396:
770:, she stated that the testing of the GM crops was "continuing this year". The jury found the activists
396:
370:
302:
64:
1931:
293:, England, on 26 July 1999. Twenty-eight activist volunteers, including Greenpeace executive director
2056:
841:
argued that "the defendants have received consistently sympathetic treatment in the British media."
2061:
791:
1719:
1162:
685:
485:
2051:
733:
353:
778:
759:
638:
585:
310:
301:
field, owned by farmers William, Eddie and John Brigham. The farm contained a trial crop of
1624:
852:
819:
701:
646:
457:
362:
259:
125:
1050:
8:
1976:
1252:
1091:
837:
790:
from unlawfully polluting neighbouring organic crops and gardens, as this fell under the
749:
498:
345:
1790:
1659:
1344:
998:
605:
1941:
1868:
1729:
1651:
1643:
1586:
1461:
1406:
1348:
1307:
1172:
1096:
767:
515:
1663:
1633:
848:
655:
562:
1340:
The Policing of Protest, Disorder and International Terrorism in the UK Since 1945
352:
The subsequent direct action, motivated by concerns that the GM trial maize could
2008:
1904:
1768:
1537:
1499:
1338:
1217:
949:
880:
752:
on 15 November. Melchett made several appearances on UK television, appearing on
651:
589:
341:
254:
1684:
999:"GM crops: The Greenpeace activists who risked jail to destroy a field of maize"
336:(RSPB). The maize had been modified to increase its resistance to both AgrEvo's
867:
859:
828:
754:
634:
626:
577:
554:
521:
412:
329:
79:
2035:
1945:
1872:
1733:
1647:
1590:
1465:
1410:
1311:
1176:
1100:
832:
810:
713:
581:
534:
431:
on less tolerant maize. The Lyng crop was planted in May 1999, covered a 2.4
408:
388:
325:
290:
286:
51:
1863:
1724:
1655:
1581:
1456:
1401:
1302:
1167:
1055:
905:
Upon Melchett's death in 2018, the incident was included frequently in his
843:
680:
621:
608:
to Lyng. The other 27 activists mostly traveled to Lyng from London in two
593:
569:
503:
473:
469:
453:
306:
369:
the next year was seen as a "landmark legal verdict" for activism against
897:
741:
737:
615:
At 5:09 a.m., the group of Greenpeace volunteers, dressed in white
870:
798:
745:
616:
542:
507:
282:
106:
1936:
771:
689:
663:
550:
445:
424:
358:
337:
273:
476:. Four activists from the small group Genetix Snowball uprooted 200
1827:
1795:
1689:
1003:
906:
717:
592:
co-ordinator, lived nearby to Lyng, and was invited to London on a
573:
546:
481:
477:
465:
461:
428:
375:
74:
Removal of GM maize before it flowered and delivery of the crop to
1638:
1619:
510:
had already been opposed to the use of GM maize at the time, with
695:
609:
558:
538:
449:
432:
298:
814:
787:
762:
who asked him "my Lord, are you sure you did the right thing?"
744:
on 19 September 1999, and all pleaded not guilty, opting for a
530:
420:
120:
75:
448:
in December 1997, during which activists engaged in a game of
565:
387:
Walnut Tree Farm was an area of farmland on the outskirts of
344:. Tensions initially escalated when William Brigham told the
1791:"Environmental campaigner Lord Peter Melchett dies, aged 71"
728:
state that all 27 were released on bail on 27 July, though
709:
858:
The trial's final verdict was seen as a reflection of UK
1764:"Greenpeace director cleared of criminal damage charge"
659:"Melshit. Melshit," as Melchett was escorted past him.
491:
63:
Local and national opposition to government trials of
895:to a similar storyline in the BBC radio soap opera
887:The action and court trials were compared twice by
1823:"Tributes paid to 'rebel peer' Lord Melchett, 71"
997:Moore, Orla; Applegate, Zoe (20 September 2020).
599:
2033:
1620:"The Ecogen 66 sacrificed for the Greenpeace 28"
1049:Honigsbaum, Mark; Robin, McKie (1 August 1999).
748:. They were given bail and ordered to appear at
89:About a sixth of GM crop removed, none delivered
1900:"Melchett's parting shot: 'Keep whacking them'"
1720:"Jury discharged as Greenpeace GM trial stalls"
1048:
712:by the court, spending two nights in a Norwich
996:
945:"Group led by peer and vicar 'ruined GM crop'"
732:reported that 20 of them were refused bail by
696:Criminal charges and Regina v. Melchett trials
568:, a beauty consultant, a vegan and vegetarian
496:William Brigham had given an interview to the
320:The ITE had begun the trial on behalf of the
2047:Environmental protests in the United Kingdom
1051:"Greenpeace: Has it Dug a Hole for itself?"
1213:"Greenpeace GM crop attack declared legal"
817:to the cause". Before the second trial, a
1637:
1495:"Melchett is sent for trial on GM charge"
1163:"The Lord confronts the brothers Brigham"
740:until 5 August. All 28 were committed to
417:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
334:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
1897:
1761:
1210:
468:, and demonstrators pulled up a crop of
1211:McCarthy, Michael (21 September 2000).
1087:"Lord Melchett, eco-warrior – obituary"
395:(NFU). William had accepted a trial of
2034:
2016:from the original on 17 September 2023
1984:from the original on 19 September 2023
1952:from the original on 19 September 2023
1912:from the original on 17 September 2023
1803:from the original on 19 September 2023
1762:Crickmer, Gareth (20 September 2000).
1757:
1755:
1740:from the original on 19 September 2023
1714:
1712:
1697:from the original on 24 September 2021
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1614:
1612:
1597:from the original on 19 September 2023
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1545:from the original on 19 September 2023
1530:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1507:from the original on 19 September 2023
1472:from the original on 19 September 2023
1452:"Melchett cleared over GM crop damage"
1417:from the original on 19 September 2023
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1318:from the original on 18 September 2023
1183:from the original on 19 September 2023
1107:from the original on 19 September 2023
942:
1898:McCarthy, Michael (26 October 2000).
1879:from the original on 6 September 2023
1852:
1850:
1835:from the original on 3 September 2018
1574:
1533:"Greenpeace director is refused bail"
1489:
1487:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1394:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1336:
1295:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
992:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
1856:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1245:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
492:Lyng public meeting and preparations
297:, cut down about a sixth of the 2.4
1752:
1709:
1670:
1609:
1557:
1519:
1260:from the original on 7 January 2022
1248:"Altered Crops on Trial in Britain"
1011:from the original on 26 August 2023
460:members painted a large X across a
361:of the activists of all charges of
309:company AgrEvo (later Aventis, now
246:£5,000 to Greenpeace farm machinery
13:
1847:
1783:
1484:
1429:
1361:
1232:
1195:
1023:
919:
14:
2078:
1577:"Confrontation on GM battlefield"
1575:Vidal, John (21 September 2000).
1395:Kelso, Paul (21 September 2000).
1330:
1272:
1119:
1070:
969:
1972:"Obituary - Lord Peter Melchett"
1857:Rose, Chris (3 September 2018).
1531:Arthur, Charles (27 July 1999).
957:from the original on 7 July 2022
943:Joseph, Claudia (3 April 2000).
736:Frazer Morrison. All cases were
401:Institute of Terrestrial Ecology
315:Institute of Terrestrial Ecology
16:1999 direct action by Greenpeace
1996:
1964:
1924:
1891:
1815:
303:genetically modified (GM) maize
24:Greenpeace Lyng GM maize action
600:Walnut Tree Farm direct action
588:. Michael Uwins, Greenpeace's
512:Peter Mond, 4th Baron Melchett
295:Peter Mond, 4th Baron Melchett
149:Peter Mond, 4th Baron Melchett
1:
1397:"Greenpeace wins key GM case"
1246:Reid, T. R. (16 March 2000).
912:
875:Department of the Environment
831:. It also called the action "
382:
1685:"Lord Melchett refused bail"
1632:(10): 1015. 1 October 2000.
1298:"Lord Melchett refused bail"
1296:Vidal, John (28 July 1999).
1161:Vidal, John (27 July 1999).
805:
674:
7:
10:
2083:
700:Melchett was charged with
313:) and commissioned by the
65:genetically modified maize
835:". American media outlet
452:and used the potatoes as
289:at Walnut Tree Farm near
269:
253:
236:
228:
223:
179:
174:
143:
138:
98:
93:
85:
70:
59:
45:
28:
23:
1932:"Lord Melchett obituary"
1859:"Lord Melchett obituary"
792:Criminal Damage Act 1971
716:despite plans to fly to
357:their initial plan. The
864:National Farmers' Union
486:Watlington, Oxfordshire
403:(ITE) on behalf of the
393:National Farmers' Union
758:for an interview with
734:stipendiary magistrate
480:plants being grown by
32:26 July 1999
1503:. 20 September 1999.
1460:. 20 September 2000.
1337:Joyce, Peter (2017).
781:supermarket chairman
586:environmental science
311:Plant Genetic Systems
2042:Greenpeace campaigns
1940:. 3 September 2018.
1625:Nature Biotechnology
853:Friends of the Earth
820:Nature Biotechnology
458:Human Genome Project
126:Norfolk Constabulary
2012:. 18 October 2018.
1977:Eastern Daily Press
1253:The Washington Post
893:The Washington Post
838:The Washington Post
750:Norwich Crown Court
499:Eastern Daily Press
456:. Also that month,
346:Eastern Daily Press
2067:History of Norfolk
1980:. 31 August 2018.
1831:. 31 August 2018.
1799:. 31 August 2018.
1345:Palgrave Macmillan
1343:. United Kingdom:
1095:. 31 August 2018.
847:reported that the
708:, and was refused
633:owner, AgrEvo, in
606:Ringstead, Norfolk
50:Walnut Tree Farm,
1728:. 19 April 2000.
1354:978-1-137-29059-5
768:cross-examination
280:
279:
219:
218:
134:
133:
2074:
2057:Maize production
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1693:. 27 July 1999.
1681:
1668:
1667:
1641:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1572:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1528:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1448:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1392:
1359:
1358:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1293:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1243:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1208:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1158:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1083:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1046:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
994:
967:
966:
964:
962:
940:
866:, in writing to
849:Soil Association
243:£750 to GM crops
181:
180:
117:Walnut Tree Farm
100:
99:
39:
37:
21:
20:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2062:1999 in England
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2009:The Independent
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1905:The Independent
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1855:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1769:The Independent
1760:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1682:
1671:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1573:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1538:The Independent
1529:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1500:The Independent
1493:
1492:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1450:
1449:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1393:
1362:
1355:
1347:. p. 115.
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1294:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1244:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1218:The Independent
1209:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1159:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1085:
1084:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1047:
1024:
1014:
1012:
995:
970:
960:
958:
950:The Independent
941:
920:
915:
881:The Independent
808:
730:The Independent
706:criminal damage
698:
677:
652:Massey Ferguson
602:
590:East of England
494:
385:
367:criminal damage
264:criminal damage
249:
215:
214:
195:
194:
170:
169:
160:William Brigham
156:
130:
111:
55:
40:
35:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2080:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2028:
2027:
1995:
1963:
1923:
1890:
1846:
1814:
1782:
1751:
1708:
1669:
1608:
1556:
1518:
1483:
1428:
1360:
1353:
1329:
1271:
1231:
1194:
1118:
1069:
1022:
968:
917:
916:
914:
911:
868:Home Secretary
860:public opinion
829:Birmingham Six
825:Guildford Four
807:
804:
783:Malcolm Walker
755:Channel 4 News
697:
694:
676:
673:
601:
598:
578:mature student
555:Leicestershire
522:Farmers Weekly
493:
490:
413:English Nature
384:
381:
330:English Nature
278:
277:
276:of all charges
271:
267:
266:
257:
251:
250:
248:
247:
244:
240:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
206:
199:
198:
196:
193:
192:
185:
184:
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
157:
155:
154:
151:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
112:
110:
109:
103:
96:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
72:
68:
67:
61:
57:
56:
49:
47:
43:
42:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2079:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:1999 protests
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1639:10.1038/80115
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1092:The Telegraph
1088:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1000:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
956:
952:
951:
946:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
918:
910:
908:
903:
900:
899:
894:
890:
885:
883:
882:
876:
872:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
845:
840:
839:
834:
833:eco-terrorism
830:
826:
822:
821:
816:
812:
811:Jeremy Corbyn
803:
800:
795:
793:
789:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
763:
761:
757:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:remand centre
711:
707:
703:
693:
691:
687:
683:
682:
672:
668:
665:
660:
657:
656:resist arrest
653:
648:
643:
640:
636:
630:
628:
623:
618:
613:
611:
607:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:social policy
579:
575:
571:
567:
564:
560:
557:, as well as
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:home counties
532:
527:
524:
523:
519:interview to
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:
489:
487:
484:at a farm in
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:cricket balls
451:
447:
443:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:biotechnology
406:
405:UK Government
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Lyng, Norfolk
380:
378:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
350:
347:
343:
342:insect damage
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:biotechnology
323:
322:UK Government
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Lyng, Norfolk
288:
287:direct action
284:
275:
272:
268:
265:
261:
258:
256:
252:
245:
242:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
173:
165:
163:Eddie Brigham
162:
159:
158:
153:Michael Uwins
152:
150:
147:
146:
142:
137:
127:
124:
122:
119:
116:
115:
113:
108:
105:
104:
102:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
53:
52:Lyng, Norfolk
48:
44:
31:
27:
22:
19:
2020:15 September
2018:. Retrieved
2007:
1998:
1988:15 September
1986:. Retrieved
1975:
1966:
1956:15 September
1954:. Retrieved
1935:
1926:
1916:17 September
1914:. Retrieved
1903:
1893:
1883:14 September
1881:. Retrieved
1864:The Guardian
1862:
1839:17 September
1837:. Retrieved
1826:
1817:
1807:14 September
1805:. Retrieved
1794:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1767:
1744:15 September
1742:. Retrieved
1725:The Guardian
1723:
1701:28 September
1699:. Retrieved
1688:
1629:
1623:
1601:15 September
1599:. Retrieved
1582:The Guardian
1580:
1549:15 September
1547:. Retrieved
1536:
1511:14 September
1509:. Retrieved
1498:
1476:14 September
1474:. Retrieved
1457:The Guardian
1455:
1421:15 September
1419:. Retrieved
1402:The Guardian
1400:
1339:
1332:
1322:14 September
1320:. Retrieved
1303:The Guardian
1301:
1264:17 September
1262:. Retrieved
1251:
1222:. Retrieved
1216:
1187:14 September
1185:. Retrieved
1168:The Guardian
1166:
1111:14 September
1109:. Retrieved
1090:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:The Observer
1054:
1015:14 September
1013:. Retrieved
1002:
961:17 September
959:. Retrieved
948:
904:
896:
892:
891:and once by
889:The Guardian
888:
886:
879:
857:
844:The Observer
842:
836:
818:
809:
796:
776:
764:
753:
729:
726:The Guardian
725:
721:
699:
681:The Guardian
679:
678:
669:
661:
644:
631:
622:tipper truck
614:
603:
594:need to know
570:restaurateur
528:
520:
504:village hall
497:
495:
474:Lincolnshire
470:spring wheat
438:
386:
374:
351:
319:
307:agrochemical
285:undertook a
281:
208:
202:
188:
166:John Brigham
139:Lead figures
18:
898:The Archers
742:crown court
635:King's Lynn
617:boilersuits
442:GM potatoes
189:Protesters:
86:Resulted in
80:King's Lynn
2036:Categories
913:References
907:obituaries
871:Jack Straw
799:Tony Blair
772:not guilty
746:jury trial
543:Manchester
508:Greenpeace
415:, and the
411:industry,
383:Background
332:, and the
328:industry,
283:Greenpeace
107:Greenpeace
36:1999-07-26
1946:0140-0460
1937:The Times
1873:0261-3077
1734:0261-3077
1648:1087-0156
1591:0261-3077
1466:0261-3077
1411:0261-3077
1312:0261-3077
1177:0261-3077
1101:0307-1235
806:Reactions
738:adjourned
690:vandalism
675:Aftermath
645:At 5:33,
627:strimmers
610:minibuses
580:studying
551:Yorkshire
514:, former
488:in 1998.
446:Cambridge
425:herbicide
359:acquittal
338:herbicide
305:owned by
274:Acquittal
60:Caused by
41:5:00 a.m.
2014:Archived
1982:Archived
1950:Archived
1910:Archived
1877:Archived
1833:Archived
1828:ITV News
1801:Archived
1796:BBC News
1738:Archived
1695:Archived
1690:BBC News
1656:11016991
1595:Archived
1543:Archived
1505:Archived
1470:Archived
1415:Archived
1316:Archived
1258:Archived
1181:Archived
1105:Archived
1062:27 March
1009:Archived
1004:BBC News
955:Archived
827:and the
760:Jon Snow
722:BBC News
718:Tanzania
686:trespass
664:democrat
576:, and a
574:engineer
547:Aberdeen
533:and its
482:Monsanto
478:rapeseed
466:Scotland
464:farm in
462:rapeseed
444:outside
429:atrazine
397:GM maize
376:BBC News
371:GM crops
229:Arrested
203:Farmers:
46:Location
1775:1 March
1664:5097872
1224:1 March
779:Iceland
563:Baptist
559:Norfolk
539:Cardiff
450:cricket
433:hectare
399:by the
354:pollute
340:and to
299:hectare
270:Verdict
255:Charged
224:Outcome
211:Unknown
209:Police:
94:Parties
34: (
1944:
1871:
1732:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1589:
1464:
1409:
1351:
1310:
1175:
1099:
815:martyr
788:pollen
647:police
639:bucket
553:, and
531:London
516:Labour
421:AgrEvo
407:, the
324:, the
237:Damage
175:Number
121:AgrEvo
76:AgrEvo
1660:S2CID
702:theft
572:, an
566:vicar
363:theft
260:Theft
71:Goals
2022:2023
1990:2023
1958:2023
1942:ISSN
1918:2023
1885:2023
1869:ISSN
1841:2023
1809:2023
1777:2024
1746:2023
1730:ISSN
1703:2023
1652:PMID
1644:ISSN
1603:2023
1587:ISSN
1551:2023
1513:2023
1478:2023
1462:ISSN
1423:2023
1407:ISSN
1349:ISBN
1324:2023
1308:ISSN
1266:2023
1226:2024
1189:2023
1173:ISSN
1113:2023
1097:ISSN
1064:2024
1017:2023
963:2023
851:and
724:and
710:bail
704:and
688:and
584:and
365:and
262:and
54:, UK
29:Date
1634:doi
472:in
373:by
78:in
2038::
2006:.
1974:.
1948:.
1934:.
1908:.
1902:.
1875:.
1867:.
1861:.
1849:^
1825:.
1793:.
1766:.
1754:^
1736:.
1722:.
1711:^
1687:.
1672:^
1658:.
1650:.
1642:.
1630:18
1628:.
1622:.
1611:^
1593:.
1585:.
1579:.
1559:^
1541:.
1535:.
1521:^
1497:.
1486:^
1468:.
1454:.
1431:^
1413:.
1405:.
1399:.
1363:^
1314:.
1306:.
1300:.
1274:^
1256:.
1250:.
1234:^
1215:.
1197:^
1179:.
1171:.
1165:.
1121:^
1103:.
1089:.
1072:^
1053:.
1025:^
1007:.
1001:.
971:^
953:.
947:.
921:^
909:.
629:.
549:,
545:,
541:,
537:,
379:.
232:28
191:28
2024:.
1992:.
1960:.
1920:.
1887:.
1843:.
1811:.
1779:.
1748:.
1705:.
1666:.
1636::
1605:.
1553:.
1515:.
1480:.
1425:.
1357:.
1326:.
1268:.
1228:.
1191:.
1115:.
1066:.
1019:.
965:.
205:3
38:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.