50:
150:
2178:
2081:
125:
2091:
2101:
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161:
Grindstone machines work by spinning a circular piece of stone around its center point. These machines usually have pedals for speeding up and slowing down the stone to control the sharpening process. The earliest known representation of a rotary grindstone, operated by a crank handle, is found in
141:-shaped groove over time, The grooves vary in length from 80 mm (3.1 in) up to 500 mm (20 in), and can be up to 200 mm (7.9 in) wide and 100 mm (3.9 in) deep. They are often found near water, which was sprinkled on the stone during grinding to reduce dust.
136:
Aboriginal grinding grooves, or axe-grinding grooves, have been found across the
Australian continent. The working edge of the hatchet or axe was sharpened by rubbing it against an abrasive stone, eventually leading to the creation of a shallow
303:
80:
tools, used since ancient times. Tools are sharpened by the stone's abrasive qualities that remove material from the tool through friction in order to create a fine edge. Similar to
174:, dating to around 1340, describes a grindstone rotated by two cranks, one at each end of its axle. Around 1480, the early medieval rotary grindstone was improved with a
1974:
153:
Large waterwheel powered grindstone. The user would lie on the plank above the grindstone while grinding metal items, giving rise to the phrase
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2215:
1964:
226:
456:
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2162:
1949:
2094:
1979:
400:
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17:
1954:
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1959:
154:
2239:
1969:
1679:
697:
2104:
1306:
112:
Grindstones have been used since ancient times, to sharpen tools made of metal. They are usually made from
49:
2254:
73:
2201:
1156:
1984:
1903:
1122:
449:
2155:
1336:
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39:
2061:
1142:
1112:
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813:
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85:
43:
1127:
976:
838:
750:
84:, each stone has a different grit that will result in sharper or duller tools. In Australia,
30:
This article is about the traditional metalworking tool. For industrial grinding wheels, see
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170:. This pen drawing from about 830 goes back to a late antique original. The
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201:
327:
The meaning and origin of the expression: Keep your nose to the grindstone
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1787:
1316:
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489:
138:
57:
304:"Background information: Molonglo Valley Grinding Grooves"
1913:
1404:
1173:
999:
893:
725:
2124:
42:. For the neighbourhood in Queensland, Australia, see
1975:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
301:
390:
356:
350:
332:
2226:
391:Hägermann, Dieter; Schneider, Helmuth (1997),
2209:
2156:
450:
274:"Fact sheet: Aboriginal axe-grinding grooves"
34:. For grindstones used to process foods, see
2216:
2202:
2163:
2149:
457:
443:
414:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
107:
1965:Building and Wood Workers' International
259:, Houghton, Mifflin, pp. 1022–1023.
148:
123:
60:shows a man using a portable grindstone.
48:
256:Knight's American mechanical dictionary
14:
2227:
252:
438:
428:Medieval Technology and Social Change
422:
374:
362:
338:
268:
266:
68:, also known as grinding stone, is a
2172:
2119:
2100:
2090:
1950:American Association of Woodturners
128:Aboriginal grinding grooves in the
119:
24:
302:ACT Heritage Council (June 2015).
263:
25:
2266:
1980:National Wood Carvers Association
207:Grindstone City Historic District
2176:
2123:
2099:
2089:
2080:
2079:
1955:Architectural Woodwork Institute
430:, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press
2184:This metalworking article is a
464:
278:First Peoples – State Relations
38:. For the 2019 video game, see
1960:British Woodworking Federation
368:
351:Hägermann & Schneider 1997
344:
320:
295:
246:
219:
13:
1:
1970:Caricature Carvers of America
253:Knight, Edward Henry (1876),
212:
2188:. You can help Knowledge by
2135:. You can help Knowledge by
132:, New South Wales, Australia
7:
185:
144:
10:
2271:
2171:
2118:
384:
29:
2075:
2049:
1998:
1985:Society of Wood Engravers
1942:
1856:
1806:
1763:
1635:
1628:
1516:
1403:
1345:
1164:
1155:
1098:
769:
688:
679:
503:
472:
395:(2nd ed.), Berlin,
166:manuscript known as the
2131:This tool article is a
108:History and description
92:by repeated shaping of
40:Grindstone (video game)
2062:Frameless construction
1143:Wood-plastic composite
158:
155:nose to the grindstone
133:
61:
44:Grindstone, Queensland
27:Round sharpening stone
152:
127:
52:
2240:Grinding and lapping
1990:Timber Framers Guild
844:Australian Blackwood
329:at The Phase Finder.
282:Victorian Government
1710:Hammer-headed tenon
1229:Janka hardness test
2255:Metalworking stubs
571:Japanese carpentry
159:
134:
86:Aboriginal peoples
62:
2197:
2196:
2144:
2143:
2113:
2112:
2067:Green woodworking
1924:Wood preservation
1852:
1851:
1755:Tongue and groove
1735:Mortise and tenon
1624:
1623:
1322:Warrington hammer
1151:
1150:
839:African Blackwood
631:Segmented turning
54:The Knife-grinder
18:Grindstone (tool)
16:(Redirected from
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2082:
1633:
1632:
1302:Thickness planer
1162:
1161:
956:(lime, basswood)
686:
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546:Chainsaw carving
459:
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231:, archived from
223:
172:Luttrell Psalter
120:Grinding grooves
90:grinding grooves
70:sharpening stone
21:
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2057:Frame and panel
2045:
1994:
1938:
1848:
1807:Surface piecing
1802:
1759:
1680:Crown of thorns
1620:
1606:Smoothing plane
1512:
1399:
1341:
1244:Milling machine
1147:
1108:Cross-laminated
1094:
765:
675:
646:Spindle turning
636:Shingle weaving
606:Pallet crafting
499:
468:
463:
424:White, Lynn Jr.
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180:crank mechanism
168:Utrecht Psalter
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110:
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28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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2036:Quarter sawing
2033:
2028:
2026:Wood splitting
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1934:Wood finishing
1931:
1926:
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1894:Paint stripper
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1601:Shoulder plane
1598:
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1576:Moulding plane
1573:
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1566:Japanese plane
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1556:Grooving plane
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1370:Flooring clamp
1367:
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1327:Winding sticks
1324:
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1307:Timber-framing
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1133:Particle board
1130:
1125:
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1115:
1113:Glue laminated
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651:Timber framing
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623:
621:Relief carving
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583:
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521:Bush carpentry
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146:
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130:Blue Mountains
121:
118:
109:
106:
76:or sharpening
32:Grinding wheel
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Chainsaw mill
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2003:
2001:
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1991:
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1943:Organizations
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1899:Steam bending
1897:
1895:
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1880:
1877:
1875:
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1869:French polish
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1740:Rabbet/Rebate
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1728:
1726:
1725:Mason's mitre
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1579:
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1574:
1572:
1571:Jointer plane
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1541:Compass plane
1539:
1537:
1536:Chamfer plane
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:Bedrock plane
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
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1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Veneer hammer
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1297:
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1250:
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1227:
1225:
1224:Impact driver
1222:
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1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
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1200:
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2190:expanding it
2183:
2137:expanding it
2130:
2115:
1874:Heat bending
1819:Edge banding
1591:Router plane
1586:Rebate plane
1546:Finger plane
1277:
981:
975:
955:
949:Lignum vitae
707:
701:
666:Wood carving
641:Shipbuilding
626:Root carving
586:Log building
551:Chip carving
427:
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310:. Retrieved
297:
285:. Retrieved
277:
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237:, retrieved
233:the original
227:
221:
202:Punch (tool)
160:
135:
111:
89:
65:
63:
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2235:Woodworking
2095:WikiProject
2041:Rift sawing
2031:Flat sawing
1919:Wood drying
1596:Scrub plane
1581:Razee plane
1531:Block plane
1385:Mitre clamp
1332:Wood scribe
1283:Combination
1025:Purpleheart
721:Douglas fir
671:Woodturning
504:Occupations
466:Woodworking
228:Grindstones
164:Carolingian
2250:Tool stubs
2229:Categories
2050:Techniques
1999:Conversion
1929:Wood stain
1857:Treatments
1645:Birdsmouth
1611:Spokeshave
1561:Jack plane
1551:Fore plane
1390:Pipe clamp
1355:Band clamp
1279:Carpenters
1100:Engineered
1050:Rubberwood
899:Eucalyptus
703:Calocedrus
616:Pyrography
581:Kohlrosing
375:White 1962
363:White 1962
339:White 1962
312:21 October
287:21 October
239:2010-02-10
213:References
94:stone axes
66:grindstone
1839:Parquetry
1834:Oystering
1829:Marquetry
1670:Butterfly
1337:Workbench
1269:Sandpaper
1249:Mitre box
1194:Drawknife
1184:Burnisher
1169:Abrasives
1118:Hardboard
779:Afromosia
661:Whittling
611:Parquetry
596:Marquetry
541:Certosina
536:Carpentry
526:Cabinetry
473:Overviews
197:Millstone
114:sandstone
102:sandstone
82:sandpaper
72:used for
36:millstone
2085:Category
1864:Adhesive
1844:Purfling
1824:Intarsia
1765:Profiles
1690:Dovetail
1629:Geometry
1468:Hand saw
1453:Crosscut
1438:Circular
1433:Chainsaw
1380:Holdfast
1045:Rosewood
977:American
972:Mahogany
944:Jelutong
914:Hornbeam
879:Cocobolo
874:Chestnut
789:Andiroba
601:Millwork
566:Intarsia
561:Fretwork
556:Ébéniste
485:Glossary
426:(1962),
410:citation
186:See also
145:Machines
98:outcrops
96:against
88:created
74:grinding
2105:Commons
2021:Whipsaw
2016:Sawmill
1909:Varnish
1904:Thermal
1879:Lacquer
1814:Binding
1783:Chamfer
1650:Biscuit
1616:Surform
1508:Whipsaw
1478:Keyhole
1463:Fretsaw
1443:Compass
1428:Bucksaw
1418:Bandsaw
1413:Backsaw
1395:Sawbuck
1365:F-clamp
1360:C-clamp
1234:Jointer
1138:Plywood
1090:Zebrano
1030:Ovankol
995:Meranti
983:African
954:Linden
909:Hickory
864:Cedrela
859:Camphor
854:Bubinga
849:Boxwood
829:Bilinga
814:Avodire
731:Juniper
716:Cypress
591:Luthier
480:History
385:Sources
176:treadle
78:ferrous
2245:Knives
2011:Hewing
1750:Splice
1705:Halved
1700:Groove
1695:Finger
1675:Coping
1660:Bridle
1637:Joints
1518:Planes
1503:Veneer
1493:Scroll
1488:Ripsaw
1473:Jigsaw
1448:Coping
1347:Clamps
1274:Square
1264:Shaper
1259:Router
1239:Mallet
1214:Gimlet
1189:Chisel
1085:Willow
1075:Walnut
1065:Totara
1055:Sapele
1020:Poplar
1005:Padauk
967:Merbau
939:Jarrah
924:Imbuia
919:Idigbo
884:Cumaru
869:Cherry
794:Anigre
756:Spruce
709:Cedrus
576:Khatam
531:Caning
494:lumber
399:
1889:Paint
1798:Ovolo
1793:Ogive
1778:Bevel
1745:Scarf
1730:Miter
1498:Table
1483:Miter
1458:Frame
1375:Gripe
1291:Speed
1287:Miter
1219:Gauge
1209:Float
1204:Fence
1199:Drill
1157:Tools
1080:Wenge
1070:Utile
1035:Ramin
990:Maple
962:Lovoa
934:Iroko
904:Hazel
889:Ebony
834:Birch
824:Beech
819:Balsa
809:Aspen
804:Apple
784:Alder
741:Kauri
736:Larch
698:Cedar
681:Woods
656:Treen
307:(PDF)
192:Lathe
2186:stub
2133:stub
1788:Ogee
1773:Bead
1715:Knee
1685:Dado
1665:Butt
1405:Saws
1317:Vise
1254:Rasp
1179:Adze
1060:Teak
1015:Plum
1010:Pear
771:Hard
751:Rimu
746:Pine
690:Soft
490:Wood
416:link
397:ISBN
314:2021
289:2021
178:and
162:the
139:oval
58:Goya
1914:Wax
1884:Oil
1720:Lap
1655:Box
1423:Bow
1295:Try
1174:Axe
1128:OSB
1123:MDF
1000:Oak
929:IpĂŞ
894:Elm
799:Ash
761:Yew
726:Fir
100:of
56:by
2231::
1293:,
1289:,
1285:,
1281:,
980:,
706:,
412:}}
408:{{
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