512:
633:, with contributions from several of the detainees. The first volume describes daily life at Grini as it developed over the years, including separate articles on the women's department, on the "Haft" departments (for men and women), and on "Fallskjermen", the department for those who were sentenced to death and awaiting execution. The second volume covers the internal organisation, such as the labor, farm work, and healthcare regimes, in more detail, and also discusses cultural and religious life. The external locations (Kvænangen, Kongsvinger, Bardufoss, and others) are described. There are also chapters on the undercover resistance at Grini, such as the news service, espionage, and the secret finger-signing language which was developed. Børre R. Giertsen's 1946 book
64:
92:
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47:
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71:
398:, but the detention of more regular criminals followed. Many were held at Grini before being shipped to camps in Germany; 3,402 people in total passed through the camp en route to camps in Germany itself. Similarly, many teachers who took part in the civil disobedience of 1942 were held at Grini for one day before being taken to
494:
Other than guards, the German occupiers devoted few personnel to the camp. Since many politicians, academics and cultural personalities were detained at Grini, a certain level of internal organization was established. Prisoners worked in manufacturing, agriculture and other manual labor. Much of this
502:
The diet at Grini was poor. After the war, it caused a certain stir in the populace when it was perceived that Nazi prisoners of the liberated Norway were treated better than prisoners of the Nazi regime; among other things the diet in
Norwegian prisons was much better. On the other hand, Grini was
531:
to arrange an assembly, first for the 5,000 male prisoners, and then for the 500 females. The women were released immediately, while the male detainees were asked to stay in the camp for a few days until transport could be arranged, and leadership of the camp was handed over to the prisoners'
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crashed in Norway due to foul weather. The five uninjured survivors were taken prisoner and held at Grini concentration camp until 18 January 1943, when they were taken to nearby woods, blindfolded and shot in the back of the head by the
556:, hence seen as heroic, the camp was renamed Ilebu. The new name also reflected the actual location of the camp better. 3,440 people were imprisoned here in July 1945. The conditions in the camp were unhealthy, with
581:
It was closed in 1951 but reopened in the same year under the name Ila as a "landsfengsel og sikringsanstalt" (national prison and security institution), a prison for criminals serving long-term sentences.
617:). Volume one covers the period from January 1942 to August 1942, volume two covers August 1942 to August 1943, and volume three covers Nansen's stay in Sachsenhausen. In 1946 and 1947 the two-volume book
285:
163:
643:) contains an overview of the German staff at Grini, as well as a chronologically ordered list of the prisoners, starting with the Solvær hostages incarcerated at Åneby 15 March 1941.
343:
by the
Norwegian state. The construction of a women's prison started in 1938, but despite being more or less finished in 1940, it did not come into use for its original purpose:
882:
355:, instead precipitated the use of the site for detention by the Nazi regime. At first, the Nazis used the prison to detain Norwegian officers captured during the
406:. A small number of foreign citizens were also held there. Altogether, 19,247 prisoners passed through Grini, and at most (in February 1945) there were 6,208.
390:
At first inmates were detained on the premises of the original prison, but in 1942 an extra barracks had to be built to enlarge capacity. In August 1942, the
1425:
524:
367:, the use of which was at the same time discontinued. Shortly afterwards, the ranks of prisoners were increased by Soviet troops captured during
548:
After the liberation of Norway in May 1945, the prison was used for
Norwegians tried or convicted of treason or collaboration, as a part of the
791:
1420:
359:
to resist the invasion by Nazi
Germany. This use was discontinued in June 1940, when Norway capitulated. The prison was then used to house
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63:
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who secretly held several lectures, and managed to publish three books with material written during his three-year stay at Grini.
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manual labor took place outside the camp. Some detainees maintained their pre-war specialties, such as literary historian
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91:
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715:
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by Odd Nansen was reprinted in 2016, in
English translation; this edition covers the three books published in 1949.
560:
breaking out in the summer. A guard reported that punitive exercise was used in a harsh way. On 13 October 1945 the
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418:
414:
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located a short distance southeast of the camp, but historically the area at Ilen had no connection to Grini farm.
469:
424:
The total number killed at Grini is unknown, though the
Gestapo and police often used the area for purposes of
585:
Much of the camp, including the barracks, has been torn down. One preserved barracks building today stands at
553:
340:
473:
119:
1301:
Madsen, Ruth (1946). "De to siste ĂĄrene pĂĄ kvinneavdelingen". In Lange, August; Schreiner, Johan (eds.).
800:
363:
soldiers until a concentration camp was established on 14 June 1941. The first detainees were sent from
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and at least eight people were executed there. British airborne troops sent by glider to sabotage the
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and the wife of camp commandant Helge
Gleditsch were wrongly rounded up in the yard.
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450:
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520:
254:
1247:
Giertsen, Børre, ed. (1946). "Grinis organisasjon og leirens tyske tjenestemenn".
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533:
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289:
167:
1267:
Hydle, Halvdan (1946). "Siste ĂĄret". In Lange, August; Schreiner, Johan (eds.).
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710:(in Norwegian). Drammen: Forlaget for by- og bygdehistorie. pp. 180–181.
476:, were organized as part of the Grini system. German forces also maintained a
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was created as a sub-unit of the camp. Grini was used primarily for
Norwegian
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more hospitable to resistance prisoners than the similar camps in
Germany.
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609:, and selections from these were issued in 1946 as the three-volume book
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892:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Government of Norway. 2001. Archived from
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Giertsen, Børre R., ed. (1946). "Fangeregister i nummerorden".
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1296:(in Norwegian). Vol. 2. Oslo: Gyldendal. pp. 1–605.
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1287:(in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Gyldendal. pp. 1–446.
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384:
1201:. Norge i krig (in Norwegian). Vol. 8. Oslo: Aschehoug.
327:
Grini was originally built as a women's prison, near an old
1335:(in Norwegian). Vol. 3. Oslo: Dreyer. pp. 1–302.
1326:(in Norwegian). Vol. 2. Oslo: Dreyer. pp. 1–390.
1317:(in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Dreyer. pp. 1–285.
589:. There is also a museum, the Grini Museum, near today's
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Recent parade alignment of prisoners during World War II
413:, a 1943 British commando raid, including their leader,
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managed to preserve most of his diaries from Grini and
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Fra dag til dag. Fra 22. august 1943 til 28 april 1945
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Fra dag til dag. Fra 5. august 1942 til 21 august 1943
843:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. p. 211.
552:. Since the name "Grini" was now associated with the
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641:
Norwegian
Prisoner Encyclopedia: the Grini Prisoners
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915:
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911:
1355:, ed. (1984). "Slipp fangene løs – det er fred".
1315:Fra dag til dag. Fra 13 januar til 4. august 1942
1208:Neste stopp... Eiksmarka! Eiksmarka vel 1950–2000
1182:(in Norwegian). Bekkestua: Bærum Public Library.
737:
593:. The preserved barracks was moved back in 2010.
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1251:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. pp. xx–xxx.
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385:nearby farm and surrounding residential district
78:Location of Grini detention camp within Akershus
1262:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. pp. 1–786.
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1359:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Det Beste. p. 525.
1292:Lange, August; Schreiner, Johan, eds. (1947).
1197:Eriksen, Knut Einar; Halvorsen, Terje (1987).
1305:(in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Gyldendal.
1271:(in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Gyldendal.
1232:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal. p. 63.
1426:World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Norway
706:Borgen, Per Otto (2006). "Grini fangeleir".
527:, arrived in the camp and ordered commander
523:, who was in charge of the education of the
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421:where they were executed in February 1945.
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1210:(in Norwegian). Eiksmarka: Eiksmarka vel.
464:Camps in other parts of Norway, including
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867:. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, p. 188.
841:Budstikkas store Asker og Bærum-leksikon
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550:legal purge in Norway after World War II
540:were transferred to Grini the same day.
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1119:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
1056:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
951:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
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839:Bakken, Tor Chr., ed. (2008). "Grini".
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748:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
669:List of Nazi-German concentration camps
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863:Happe, Katja, & Maja Peers. 2015.
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996:Eriksen; Halvorsen 1987: pp. 161–164
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865:West- und Nordeuropa Juni 1942–1945
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1431:Nazi concentration camps in Norway
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409:Among these were the survivors of
311:, which operated between 1941 and
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1421:Buildings and structures in Bærum
1416:Organizations established in 1941
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1259:Norsk fangeleksikon. Grinifangene
1249:Norsk fangeleksikon. Grinifangene
636:Norsk fangeleksikon. Grinifangene
525:Norwegian police troops in Sweden
317:Ila Detention and Security Prison
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1347:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal.
1146:Lange; Schreiner 1947: pp. 1–605
1137:Lange; Schreiner 1946: pp. 1–446
804:. Oslo: Cappelen. Archived from
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532:representatives. Prisoners from
419:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
379:personnel, who renamed the camp
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738:Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007).
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562:National Mobile Police Service
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1411:1941 establishments in Norway
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554:Norwegian resistance movement
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106:Grini detention camp (Norway)
1406:Organisations based in Bærum
1230:Oppgjøret som ikke tok slutt
1178:Christensen, Trygve (1995).
883:"Eitinger-rapporten – del 1"
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383:. The name corresponds to a
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1032:Fjørtoft, 1997: pp. 130–132
801:Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45
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381:Polizeihäftlingslager Grini
339:), on land bought from the
294:Polizeihäftlingslager Grini
172:Polizeihäftlingslager Grini
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1005:Söderman 1946: pp. 194–215
576:Lauritz Jenssen Dorenfeldt
570:(police raid). During the
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27:Nazi prison camp in Norway
1180:Bærum og krigen 1940–1945
1155:Giertsen 1946: pp. xx–xxx
1116:Norsk biografisk leksikon
1053:Norsk biografisk leksikon
1023:Fjørtoft, 1997: pp. 76–77
948:Norsk biografisk leksikon
432:heavy-water plant during
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1345:Polititroppene i Sverige
1164:Giertsen 1946: pp. 1–786
978:Madsen 1946: pp. 389–392
740:"Grini – tysk fangeleir"
625:) was issued, edited by
351:on 9 April 1940, during
18:Grini concentration camp
1206:Espeland, Gard (2002).
969:Hydle 1946: pp. 308–312
890:1998: 12. Alta bataljon
826:Giertsen 1946: pp. 9-11
708:Asker og Bærum leksikon
490:list of Grini prisoners
478:military camp at Huseby
453:normally took place at
265:List of Grini prisoners
928:Espeland, 2002: p. 110
792:"fengsler-fangeleirer"
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480:, not far from Grini.
371:. The camp was run by
293:
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181:
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1388:at Wikimedia Commons
1092:Nansen 1946, volume 3
1083:Nansen 1946, volume 2
1074:Nansen 1946, volume 1
777:Espeland 2002: p. 110
745:Store norske leksikon
597:Printed documentation
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319:is now located here.
1331:Nansen, Odd (1946).
1322:Nansen, Odd (1946).
1014:Fjørtoft 1987: p. 63
369:Operation Barbarossa
81:Show map of Akershus
33:Grini detention camp
445:, in breach of the
411:Operation Checkmate
396:political prisoners
142:59.9534°N 10.5825°E
138: /
987:Voksø 1984: p. 525
796:Dahl, Hans Fredrik
517:
434:Operation Freshman
392:Veidal Prison Camp
357:Norwegian Campaign
349:invasion of Norway
341:Løvenskiold family
301:concentration camp
109:Show map of Norway
39:Concentration camp
1384:Media related to
1042:Baalsrud, Gaute.
896:on 9 October 2012
850:978-82-573-1534-4
808:on 4 January 2010
538:Victoria Terrasse
455:Akershus Fortress
447:Geneva Convention
273:Grini prison camp
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1111:Helle, Knut
1048:Helle, Knut
939:Helle, Knut
587:Kadettangen
484:Prison life
430:Norsk Hydro
415:John Godwin
404:Jørstadmoen
365:Ă…nebyleiren
243:Operational
235:First built
217:Operated by
158:Other names
145: /
120:Coordinates
1395:Categories
1353:Voksø, Per
1303:Griniboken
1294:Griniboken
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1269:Griniboken
1199:Frigjøring
675:References
619:Griniboken
603:Odd Nansen
601:Architect
591:Ila prison
507:Liberation
488:See also:
451:Executions
133:10°34′57″E
130:59°57′12″N
686:Footnotes
558:beri-beri
474:Bardufoss
470:Kvænangen
443:war crime
375:(SS) and
361:Wehrmacht
286:‹See Tfd›
277:Norwegian
238:1938–1940
178:Norwegian
164:‹See Tfd›
1343:(1946).
1313:(1946).
1228:(1997).
790:(1995).
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313:May 1945
296:) was a
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189:Location
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331:named
309:Norway
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168:German
1109:. In
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337:Ihlen
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