276:
38:
950:, i.e., they mature only as females and can change sex after sexual maturity. Some species of groupers grow about a kilogram per year and are generally adolescents until they reach three kilograms when they become female. The largest males often control harems containing three to 15 females. Groupers often pair spawn, which enables large males to competitively exclude smaller males from reproducing. As such, if a small female grouper were to change sex before it could control a harem as a male, its fitness would decrease. If no male is available, the largest female that can increase fitness by changing sex will do so.
971:
5221:
62:
957:. Gonochorism, or a reproductive strategy with two distinct sexes, has evolved independently in groupers at least five times. The evolution of gonochorism is linked to group spawning high amounts of habitat cover. Both group spawning and habitat cover increase the likelihood of a smaller male reproducing in the presence of large males. The fitness of male groupers in environments where competitive exclusion of smaller males is impossible is correlated with sperm production and thus
4211:
6505:
5097:
4893:
4800:
4665:
4204:
4197:
1037:
1977:
6494:
5086:
5215:
1719:
Justine, J.-L., Beveridge, I., Boxshall, G. A., Bray, R. A., Moravec, F., Trilles, J.-P. & Whittington, I. D. 2010: An annotated list of parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and
Nematoda) collected in groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in New Caledonia emphasizes parasite
1761:
Sadovy de
Mitcheson, Yvonne; Craig, Matthew T; Bertoncini, Athila A; Carpenter, Kent E; Cheung, William W L; Choat, John H; Cornish, Andrew S; Fennessy, Sean T; Ferreira, Beatrice P; Heemstra, Philip C; Liu, Min; Myers, Robert F; Pollard, David A; Rhodes, Kevin L; Rocha, Luiz A; Russell, Barry C;
961:
size. Gonochoristic groupers have larger testes than protogynous groupers (10% of body mass compared to 1% of body mass), indicating the evolution of gonochorism increased male grouper fitness in environments where large males were unable to competitively exclude small males from reproducing.
465:, and when they are confined in a restricted space and subjected to stress, the mucus produces a foam that is toxic to nearby fish. These fishes are often called soapfishes. They have been classified either as their own families or within subfamilies, although the fifth Edition of the
309: in), though in such a large group, species vary considerably. They swallow prey rather than biting pieces off of them. They do not have many teeth on the edges of their jaws, but they have heavy crushing tooth plates inside the
267:) are also in this subfamily, and occasional species in other serranid genera have common names involving the word "grouper". Nonetheless, the word "grouper" on its own is usually taken as meaning the subfamily Epinephelinae.
1609:
Erisman, B. E., M. T. Craig, and P. A. Hastings. 2009. A phylogenetic test of the size-advantage model: Evolutionary changes in mating behavior influence the loss of sex change in a fish lineage. American
Naturalist
1110:. The weight of the fish was 250 kg (550 lb), and it was lured using one kilogram of bait. In November 2013, a 310 kg (680 lb) grouper had been caught and sold to a hotel in
1799:
Schoelinck, C., Hinsinger, D. D., Dettaï, A., Cruaud, C. & Justine, J.-L. 2014: A phylogenetic re-analysis of groupers with applications for ciguatera fish poisoning. PLoS ONE, 9, e98198.
1667:
Munoz, R. C. and R. R. Warner. 2003. A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: Incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew. American
Naturalist 161:749-761.
344:
form a powerful vacuum that pulls their prey in from a distance. They also use their mouths to dig into sand to form their shelters under big rocks, jetting it out through their gills.
1619:
DeMartini, E. E., A. R. Everson and R. S. Nichols. 2011. Estimates of body sizes at maturation and sex change and the endemic
Hawaiian grouper's spawning seasonality and sex ratio (
1710:
Cribb, T. H., Bray, R. A., Wright, T. & Pichelin, S. 2002: The trematodes of groupers (Serranidae: Epinephelinae): knowledge, nature, and evolution. Parasitology, 124, S23-S42.
1701:
Molloy, P. P., N. B. Goodwin, I. M. Cote, J. D. Reynolds, and M. J. G. Gage. 2007. Sperm competition and sex change: A comparative analysis across fishes. Evolution 61:640-652.
287:, typically having a stout body and a large mouth. They are not built for long-distance, fast swimming. They can be quite large: in length, over a meter. The largest is the
1816:
3586:
3258:
3234:
3222:
2269:
2056:
3600:
3099:
2775:
1649:
Allsop, D. J. and S. A. West. 2003. Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish. Journal of
Evolutionary Biology 16:921-929.
3342:
3306:
3270:
3153:
2955:
3311:
3108:
2739:
2424:
2415:
3533:
3027:
3009:
2928:
2433:
4963:
2982:
2874:
2865:
2820:
2793:
2622:
2505:
3054:
2730:
2685:
2586:
3347:
3335:
3239:
3072:
2964:
2937:
2910:
2640:
2550:
2541:
2160:
1568:
1764:"Fishing groupers towards extinction: a global assessment of threats and extinction risks in a billion dollar fishery: Fishing groupers to extinction"
3018:
2748:
2649:
2460:
2275:
3699:
3227:
2946:
2919:
2766:
2568:
2514:
2259:
2241:
2042:
1092:
3275:
3063:
3045:
2829:
2784:
2712:
2214:
1891:
1077:
of grouper species might help control
Ciguatera fish poisoning since fish are easily identified, even from meal remnants, with molecular tools.
6699:
2883:
2311:
6625:
2133:
1846:
2232:
2115:
1967:
1873:
1920:
6349:
4349:
2892:
725:
239:
are referred to as "coral groupers". These genera are all classified in the subfamily
Epiphelinae. However, some of the hamlets (genus
1099:
in
January 2008. Shenzhen News in China reported that a 1.8 m (6 ft) grouper swallowed a 1.0 m (3 ft 3 in)
1054:. Unlike most other fish species, which are chilled or frozen, groupers are usually sold alive in markets. Many species are popular
6599:
6161:
1637:
Sadovy, Y. and P. L. Colin. 1995. Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. Journal of Fish
Biology 46:961-976.
1536:
6604:
275:
6166:
3692:
1447:
1205:
1824:
4392:
4354:
2009:
1244:
566:
1526:
6651:
6630:
6218:
4146:
4070:
3685:
1679:
Kuwamura, T. 2004. Sex change in fishes: Its process and evolutionary mechanism. Zoological Science 21:1248-1248.
5134:
1981:
1688:
Erisman, B. E., J. A. Rosales-Cassian and P. A. Hastings. 2008. There is evidence of gonochorism in a grouper,
1578:
1496:
John E. Randall; Kasumi Aida; Takashi Hibiya; Nobuhiro Mitsuura; Hisao Kamiya & Yoshiri Hashimoto (1971).
1106:
In September 2010, a Costa Rican newspaper reported a 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) grouper in Cieneguita,
6612:
1905:
1474:
329:, while others are active predators. Reports of fatal attacks on humans by the largest species, such as the
6448:
4118:
4535:
1498:"Grammistin, the skin toxin of soapfishes, and its significance in the classification of the Grammistidae"
1262:"Interspecific Communicative and Coordinated Hunting between Groupers and Giant Moray Eels in the Red Sea"
61:
6586:
6311:
6171:
4917:
4595:
3366:
461:
The species in the tribes Grammistini and Diploprionini secrete a mucus-like toxin in their skin called
6694:
5877:
1319:
834:
6656:
6213:
5220:
5050:
5035:
3593:
3330:
2406:
2293:
2075:
1422:
1337:
947:
1961:
37:
6689:
6354:
6286:
6176:
5719:
4932:
4803:
4658:
4600:
4580:
4264:
4025:
3210:
2397:
2250:
288:
20:
1850:
1164:
6564:
6334:
6135:
4896:
4836:
3419:
3000:
2811:
2451:
1944:
759:
45:
6643:
1877:
6679:
6526:
6145:
6120:
6088:
4821:
4621:
4326:
4259:
3579:
3572:
3558:
3282:
3175:
3135:
2802:
2595:
2302:
615:
3677:
295:) which has been weighed at 399 kilograms (880 pounds) and a length of 2.43 m (7 ft
6638:
6421:
6364:
6296:
6198:
5724:
4653:
4638:
4385:
4344:
4321:
4284:
4210:
3780:
3770:
3665:
3658:
3191:
2469:
2049:
2002:
858:
602:
248:
6573:
6140:
6130:
4953:
3775:
3318:
3294:
3126:
2478:
2124:
1564:
1020:
562:
1987:
8:
6684:
6431:
6125:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6083:
6075:
5004:
4989:
4958:
4937:
4841:
4831:
4826:
4311:
3565:
3500:
3354:
3117:
1495:
1100:
1087:
648:
520:
479:
439:
377:
348:
6473:
6113:
6003:
5804:
5127:
5070:
5040:
4979:
4359:
4339:
3524:
3401:
3263:
3081:
2901:
2604:
2487:
2223:
2096:
2088:
1301:
1288:
1261:
777:
512:
388:
56:
6578:
1728:
1018:-associated groupers have about ten species of parasites per fish species. Species of
6591:
6399:
6301:
5906:
5757:
5470:
5025:
4984:
4748:
4616:
4417:
3638:
3482:
3473:
3246:
2721:
2694:
2667:
2658:
1885:
1779:
1763:
1573:
1532:
1293:
1240:
1186:
1162:
1096:
891:
681:
549:
387:
In Australia, "groper" is used instead of "grouper" for several species, such as the
6023:
5425:
4196:
1451:
1305:
1107:
579:
406:
6468:
6369:
6263:
6258:
5767:
5679:
5605:
5590:
5540:
5101:
5045:
4668:
4550:
4477:
4467:
4378:
3620:
3359:
3251:
2442:
2388:
2333:
1995:
1800:
1775:
1721:
1351:
1283:
1273:
1176:
1059:
763:
721:
455:
176:
6404:
6306:
5744:
5699:
5689:
5530:
5307:
5164:
5030:
4994:
4922:
4768:
4678:
4633:
4462:
4437:
4316:
4289:
4269:
4177:
3974:
3455:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3371:
2991:
2703:
2676:
2496:
2355:
2205:
2196:
1804:
1278:
1233:
1111:
505:
485:
326:
6617:
4203:
1692:, from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Environmental Biology of Fishes 82:23-33.
1373:
1125:(USA), a big grouper took in one gulp a 4-foot shark that an angler had caught.
384:, which has been speculated to come from an indigenous South American language.
6549:
6374:
6251:
6246:
6241:
5897:
5729:
5585:
5410:
5375:
5350:
5342:
5287:
5252:
5065:
5055:
4927:
4881:
4856:
4813:
4713:
4643:
4590:
4560:
4555:
4472:
4422:
4304:
4279:
4182:
4167:
3895:
3855:
3790:
3718:
3648:
3299:
3144:
3036:
2838:
2757:
2631:
2559:
2364:
2187:
2169:
2142:
1497:
1396:
1118:
970:
754:
733:
525:
496:
138:
103:
1938:
1181:
1091:
reported a 180 kg (400 lb) grouper being caught off the waters near
6673:
6509:
6416:
6321:
6236:
6208:
6058:
5958:
5809:
5772:
5659:
5565:
5560:
5535:
5395:
5380:
5214:
5194:
5179:
5120:
5009:
4846:
4703:
4648:
4530:
4492:
4294:
4172:
4162:
3944:
3939:
3867:
3840:
3785:
3491:
3464:
3392:
3323:
3287:
3168:
3090:
2973:
2613:
2577:
2532:
2523:
2106:
1134:
1074:
1025:
1011:
954:
745:
633:
587:
492:
330:
1260:
Bshary, Redouan; Hohner, Andrea; Ait-El-Djoudi, Karim; Fricke, Hans (2006).
6438:
6426:
6394:
6278:
5963:
5902:
5867:
5827:
5625:
5462:
5450:
5360:
5257:
5169:
4999:
4876:
4773:
4763:
4502:
4457:
4452:
4427:
4409:
4274:
4242:
4232:
4136:
3959:
3885:
3727:
3548:
3410:
3383:
3215:
2346:
2326:
1760:
1740:
1297:
1190:
1051:
909:
809:
797:
707:
689:
666:
610:
597:
544:
535:
451:
360:
235:
205:
4540:
469:
classifies these two groups as tribes within the subfamily Epinephelinae.
6558:
6498:
6409:
6359:
6344:
6329:
6048:
6038:
6008:
5938:
5933:
5872:
5857:
5799:
5794:
5779:
5600:
5580:
5505:
5495:
5480:
5475:
5430:
5400:
5390:
5355:
5332:
5204:
5199:
5090:
4778:
4758:
4718:
4698:
4585:
4565:
4497:
4447:
4442:
4299:
4252:
4237:
4219:
3922:
3890:
3802:
3765:
3200:
2847:
2379:
2284:
1725:
1542:
1044:
899:
876:
844:
801:
771:
694:
656:
623:
443:
415:
356:
199:
193:. The common name "grouper" is usually given to fish in one of two large
190:
183:
113:
4487:
359:
in hunting. Groupers are also one of the only animals that eat invasive
6478:
6453:
5973:
5968:
5887:
5734:
5595:
5302:
5297:
5262:
4871:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4708:
4693:
4626:
4575:
4570:
4482:
4247:
4227:
4141:
4128:
4035:
3515:
2178:
2068:
1524:
1163:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
1015:
886:
866:
829:
819:
785:
676:
574:
462:
322:
179:
123:
1906:"Photos: Fishermen catch wildly huge 686-pound fish, sell it to hotel"
1333:
189:
Not all serranids are called "groupers"; the family also includes the
6291:
6013:
5921:
5911:
5892:
5862:
5714:
5674:
5640:
5610:
5545:
5405:
5370:
5292:
5272:
5229:
5159:
4912:
4866:
4783:
4723:
4545:
4522:
4512:
4020:
4007:
3964:
3750:
2032:
1070:
1055:
999:
975:
557:
508:
73:
6520:
1918:
1720:
biodiversity in coral reef fish. Folia Parasitologica, 57, 237-262.
6543:
6463:
6458:
6268:
6018:
5998:
5993:
5983:
5978:
5847:
5837:
5789:
5752:
5555:
5510:
5485:
5445:
5415:
5365:
5277:
5267:
4861:
4753:
4728:
4432:
3987:
3954:
3907:
3902:
3830:
3760:
3735:
3612:
2856:
1063:
991:
983:
958:
929:
919:
702:
431:
93:
6339:
6203:
6053:
6033:
5916:
5842:
5709:
5684:
5654:
5646:
5630:
5615:
5525:
5520:
5500:
5490:
5440:
5385:
5247:
5184:
5151:
5060:
4851:
4401:
4108:
4098:
4088:
4080:
4053:
3992:
3949:
3934:
3912:
3875:
3835:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3709:
3184:
2151:
1871:
1741:"Most consumers prefer to purchase live groupers in fish markets"
1122:
1007:
995:
987:
853:
643:
427:
318:
310:
284:
4507:
6028:
5928:
5882:
5783:
5762:
5704:
5694:
5664:
5550:
5435:
5282:
5237:
4788:
4688:
4103:
4093:
4058:
3927:
3917:
3740:
3707:
1976:
1259:
1066:, though even the small species are inclined to grow rapidly.
1036:
1003:
447:
401:
83:
6443:
6043:
5988:
5953:
5948:
5852:
5832:
5620:
5570:
5312:
5189:
4886:
4113:
4063:
4048:
3997:
3850:
3825:
3745:
3630:
715:
423:
194:
168:
6493:
5085:
1374:"Coastal fish – Hāpuku – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
5669:
5575:
5420:
5322:
5317:
5242:
5143:
4043:
3982:
3845:
3755:
2017:
395:). In New Zealand, "groper" refers to a type of wreckfish,
341:
314:
164:
4370:
1947:
from the original on 13 November 2021 – via YouTube.
1320:"Study reveals grouper can help control lionfish invasion"
209:. In addition, the species classified in the small genera
5943:
5327:
5174:
4793:
4015:
3880:
1397:"State of grouper (lapu-lapu) culture in the Philippines"
5112:
1919:
Heather Alexander, Houston Chronicle (21 August 2014).
1563:
1921:"Gulf grouper swallows 4 foot shark in a single bite"
1762:
Samoilys, Melita A; Sanciangco, Jonnell (June 2013).
1505:
Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory
4964:
Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification
1525:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
1050:
Many groupers are important food fish; some are now
1028:
are typical of and especially numerous on groupers.
1623:, f. Epinephelidae). Fishery Bulletin 109:123-134.
1567:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1232:
488:containing a total of 32 genera and 234 species.
6671:
454:region. In Latin America, the fish is known as '
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1069:Groupers are commonly reported as a source of
1062:. Some species are small enough to be kept in
233:are also called "groupers". Fish in the genus
5128:
4386:
3693:
2003:
1962:The Ultimate Guide to Fly Fishing for Grouper
1203:
1890:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1849:. Sznews.com. 30 March 2006. Archived from
1823:. Malaysia. 17 January 2008. Archived from
1682:
1675:
1673:
1592:
1489:
1230:
409:
5135:
5121:
4393:
4379:
3700:
3686:
2010:
1996:
1968:images and movies of the humpback grouper
1817:"Whopper of a grouper bought for RM10,000"
1520:
1518:
1472:
1420:
1414:
1239:(2 ed.). Princeton University Press.
450:', and is widely eaten, especially in the
36:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1613:
1531:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 446–448.
1287:
1277:
1180:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1421:Eslao-Alix, Louella (1 September 2019).
1035:
969:
274:
1872:Diario La Extra 2010, Marvin Carvajal.
1515:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
6672:
1695:
1640:
1626:
1272:(12). Biology.plosjournals.org: e431.
6700:Cuisine of the Southern United States
6525:
6524:
5116:
4374:
3681:
1991:
1652:
1473:Carrington, Daisy (19 January 2009).
1394:
1165:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
1569:"Genera in the family Epinephelinae"
1557:
1147:
484:the subfamily is divided up into 5
13:
1940:Grouper eats 4ft shark in one bite
1103:at the Fuzhou Sea World aquarium.
978:parasitic on the gill of a grouper
418:, groupers are generally known as
14:
6711:
3192:Masked Grouper (G. albomarginata)
1955:
1322:. Biology.plosjournals.org. 2011.
1197:
982:Like other fish, groupers harbor
472:
6504:
6503:
6492:
5219:
5213:
5096:
5095:
5084:
4892:
4891:
4799:
4798:
4664:
4663:
4209:
4202:
4195:
1975:
1780:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00455.x
477:According to the 5th edition of
255:), and some other small genera (
60:
1931:
1912:
1898:
1874:"Cayó el más mero en el Caribe"
1865:
1839:
1809:
1793:
1754:
1733:
1713:
1704:
1466:
1448:"Food and Drink – Local Dishes"
1440:
941:
376:The word "grouper" is from the
1579:California Academy of Sciences
1450:. UAE Interact. Archived from
1388:
1366:
1344:
1326:
1312:
1253:
1231:Lieske, E.; Myers, R. (1999).
1224:
946:Groupers are mostly monandric
366:
270:
1:
6162:Countries by meat consumption
1376:. Teara.govt.nz. 2 March 2009
1352:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
1140:
1031:
6449:Non-vegetarian food in India
6167:Countries by meat production
1805:10.1371/journal.pone.0098198
1279:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040431
1024:, monogeneans of the family
965:
371:
7:
6172:Food and drink prohibitions
4918:Fish diseases and parasites
4400:
3367:Hyporthodus septemfasciatus
1128:
953:However, some groupers are
871:Bloch & Schneider, 1801
592:Bloch & Schneider, 1801
355:) sometimes cooperate with
10:
6716:
5211:
3176:Spanish flag (G. hispanus)
2398:Atlantic goliath grouper (
1423:"From Pugapo to Lapu-lapu"
948:protogynous hermaphrodites
18:
6533:
6487:
6385:
6320:
6277:
6229:
6214:Psychology of eating meat
6189:
6154:
6074:
6067:
5818:
5758:Black soldier fly maggots
5743:
5639:
5461:
5341:
5228:
5150:
5079:
5051:List of seafood companies
5036:Gathering seafood by hand
5018:
4972:
4946:
4905:
4812:
4677:
4609:
4521:
4408:
4335:
4218:
4193:
4155:
4127:
4079:
4034:
4006:
3973:
3866:
3801:
3726:
3717:
3646:
3628:
3610:
3594:Plectropomus pessuliferus
3587:Plectropomus oligacanthus
3546:
3513:
3381:
3331:Hyporthodus octofasciatus
3259:Hyporthodus flavolimbatus
3235:Hyporthodus ergastularius
3198:
3182:
3166:
2812:Pacific Goliath grouper (
2452:Blue and yellow grouper (
2377:
2344:
2324:
2303:Blue Spotted Sea Bass | (
2104:
2086:
2066:
2030:
1404:SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture
1338:Oxford English Dictionary
1182:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
399:, which goes by the name
353:Plectropomus pessuliferus
325:. Some species prefer to
151:
146:
57:Scientific classification
55:
44:
35:
30:
6287:Beef hormone controversy
5142:
4933:Scombroid food poisoning
3211:Hyporthodus acanthistius
3136:White-streaked grouper (
3100:White-blotched grouper (
2803:Orange-spotted grouper (
2776:Oblique-banded grouper (
1970:(Chromileptes altivelis)
446:, the fish is known as '
289:Atlantic goliath grouper
21:Grouper (disambiguation)
4837:List of raw fish dishes
3223:Hyporthodus darwinensis
3154:Yellowspotted grouper (
2956:Speckled blue grouper (
2470:Brown-marbled grouper (
2270:Cephalopholis polyspila
2057:Alphestes multiguttatus
1395:Kohno, Hiroshi (1988).
1080:
1010:. A study conducted in
442:name is kerapu. In the
393:Epinephelus lanceolatus
335:Epinephelus lanceolatus
50:Mycteroperca microlepis
6312:Water holding capacity
4822:List of seafood dishes
3601:Plectropomus punctatus
3580:Plectropomus maculatus
3573:Plectropomus leopardus
3559:Plectropomus areolatus
3283:Hyporthodus mystacinus
3127:Whitespotted grouper (
3109:White-dotted grouper (
2740:Multispotted grouper (
2479:Brownspotted grouper (
2425:Black-dotted grouper (
2416:Barred-chest grouper (
2125:Blue-Spotted Grouper (
1047:
979:
410:
313:. They habitually eat
280:
167:of any of a number of
6639:Paleobiology Database
6297:Feed conversion ratio
6199:Ethics of eating meat
4345:World fish production
3708:Principal commercial
3659:Variola albimarginata
3525:Pacific creole-fish (
3501:Yellowmouth grouper (
3343:Hyporthodus perplexus
3307:Hyporthodus niphobles
3271:Hyporthodus haifensis
3118:White-edged grouper (
3028:Striped-fin grouper (
3010:Starspotted grouper (
2929:Smallscaled grouper (
2434:Blacksaddle grouper (
2050:Alphestes immaculatus
1880:on 13 September 2010.
1847:"海底"血案":巨型石斑鱼一口吞下白鳍鲨"
1565:Eschmeyer, William N.
1206:"Epinephelus itajara"
1039:
973:
278:
6350:Environmental impact
4954:Seafood mislabelling
3402:Venezuelan grouper (
3319:Hyporthodus niveatus
3312:Star-studded grouper
3295:Hyporthodus nigritus
3129:E. coeruleopunctatus
3082:Wavy-lined grouper (
2983:Spinycheek grouper (
2902:Saddletail grouper (
2886:E. fasciatomaculosus
2875:Reticulate grouper (
2866:Red-tipped grouper (
2821:Palemargin grouper (
2794:One-blotch grouper (
2623:Goldblotch grouper (
2605:Foursaddle grouper (
2506:Clipperton grouper (
2488:Camouflage grouper (
2294:Strawberry grouper (
2224:Vermillion seabass (
1984:at Wikimedia Commons
1726:10.14411/fp.2010.032
1690:Mycteroperca rosacea
1477:. Time Out Abu Dhabi
1117:In August 2014, off
1085:Malaysian newspaper
1021:Pseudorhabdosynochus
397:Polyprion oxygeneios
349:roving coralgroupers
337:), are unconfirmed.
279:Anatomy of a grouper
243:), the hinds (genus
19:For other uses, see
5005:Pain in crustaceans
4990:Eating live seafood
4959:Sustainable seafood
4938:Shellfish poisoning
4842:List of tuna dishes
4832:List of fish dishes
4827:List of crab dishes
3566:Plectropomus laevis
3483:Yellowfin grouper (
3474:Broomtail grouper (
3355:Hyporthodus quernus
3055:Threespot grouper (
2814:E. quinquefasciatus
2731:Moustache grouper (
2722:Marquesan grouper (
2715:E. undulatostriatus
2695:Longtooth grouper (
2686:Longspine grouper (
2668:Hong Kong grouper (
2659:Honeycomb grouper (
2587:Duskytail grouper (
1621:Hyporthodus queries
1528:Fishes of the World
1101:whitetip reef shark
480:Fishes of the World
467:Fishes of the World
347:Research indicates
293:Epinephelus itajara
16:Subfamily of fishes
6474:Warmed-over flavor
6242:Semi-vegetarianism
5071:Seafood restaurant
5041:History of seafood
4980:Declawing of crabs
4360:Fisheries glossary
4350:Commercial species
4340:Commercial fishing
3728:Large pelagic fish
3264:Yellowedge grouper
3073:Twinspot grouper (
2965:Speckled grouper (
2938:Snubnose grouper (
2911:Seamount grouper (
2641:Halfmoon grouper (
2551:Dot-dash grouper (
2542:Dogtooth grouper (
2508:E. clippertonensis
2443:Blacktip grouper (
2389:Areolate grouper (
2334:Humpback grouper (
2161:Bluespotted hind (
2097:Aethaloperca rogaa
1943:. 19 August 2014.
1853:on 12 October 2017
1768:Fish and Fisheries
1475:"Handling hammour"
1204:Robert H. Robins.
1048:
1043:, a grouper-based
980:
934:J.L.B. Smith, 1953
434:they are known as
389:Queensland grouper
281:
147:Tribes and genera
6695:Fish common names
6667:
6666:
6527:Taxon identifiers
6518:
6517:
6185:
6184:
5110:
5109:
5102:Category: Seafood
5026:Fish preservation
4985:Eyestalk ablation
4947:Advisory services
4368:
4367:
4265:Freshwater prawns
4191:
4190:
3675:
3674:
3639:Triso dermopterus
3621:Saloptia powelli
3503:M. interstitialis
3456:Mottled grouper (
3447:Leopard grouper (
3438:Sawtail grouper (
3429:Sailfin grouper (
3247:Hyporthodus exsul
3120:E. albomarginatus
3066:E. chlorocephalus
3019:Striped grouper (
2992:Spotted grouper (
2749:Mystery grouper (
2704:Malabar grouper (
2677:Longfin grouper (
2650:Highfin grouper (
2596:Epaulet grouper (
2497:Catface grouper (
2461:Bridled grouper (
2454:E. flavocaeruleus
2356:marbled grouper (
2276:Six-blotch hind (
2251:Pacific Graysby (
2242:Vermilion hind (
2206:Leopard grouper (
2197:Neptune grouper (
2188:Yellowfin hind (
2078:A. leucogrammicus
2076:slender grouper (
2025:
1980:Media related to
1925:Houston Chronicle
1574:Catalog of Fishes
1538:978-1-118-34233-6
1235:Coral Reef Fishes
1097:Strait of Malacca
935:
925:
915:
905:
895:
882:
872:
862:
849:
838:
825:
815:
805:
791:
781:
767:
750:
739:
729:
711:
698:
685:
672:
662:
652:
639:
629:
619:
606:
593:
583:
570:
553:
540:
529:
516:
500:
340:Their mouths and
327:ambush their prey
171:in the subfamily
158:
157:
142:
6707:
6660:
6659:
6647:
6646:
6634:
6633:
6621:
6620:
6618:NHMSYS0021053396
6608:
6607:
6595:
6594:
6582:
6581:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6522:
6521:
6507:
6506:
6497:
6496:
6469:Roadkill cuisine
6264:Meat alternative
6259:Plant-based diet
6177:Meat substitutes
6072:
6071:
5223:
5217:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5114:
5113:
5099:
5098:
5089:
5088:
5046:History of sushi
4895:
4894:
4802:
4801:
4667:
4666:
4659:List of seafoods
4395:
4388:
4381:
4372:
4371:
4213:
4206:
4199:
3781:southern bluefin
3771:Atlantic bluefin
3724:
3723:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3360:Hawaiian grouper
3348:Puzzling grouper
3336:Eightbar grouper
3252:Tenspine grouper
3240:Sevenbar grouper
3145:Yellow grouper (
3037:Summan grouper (
3021:E. latifasciatus
3001:Starry grouper (
2947:Somali grouper (
2920:Sixbar grouper (
2839:Potato grouper (
2767:Netfin grouper (
2758:Nassau grouper (
2751:E. lebretonianus
2632:Greasy grouper (
2569:Dungat grouper (
2560:Dotted grouper (
2515:Cloudy grouper (
2490:E. polyphekadion
2472:E. fuscoguttatus
2409:E. amblycephalus
2407:Banded grouper (
2365:smooth grouper (
2199:C. igarashiensis
2170:Bluelined hind (
2143:Chocolate hind (
2023:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1949:
1948:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1876:. Archived from
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1813:
1807:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1737:
1731:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1668:
1665:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1541:. Archived from
1522:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:. Etymonline.com
1348:
1342:
1341:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1291:
1281:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1212:. Florida Museum
1201:
1195:
1194:
1184:
1160:
1073:fish poisoning.
933:
923:
913:
903:
890:
880:
870:
857:
847:
833:
823:
813:
800:
789:
775:
758:
748:
737:
719:
706:
693:
680:
670:
660:
647:
637:
627:
614:
601:
591:
578:
561:
548:
538:
524:
511:
495:
413:
308:
307:
303:
300:
137:
65:
64:
40:
28:
27:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6690:Commercial fish
6670:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6655:
6650:
6642:
6637:
6629:
6624:
6616:
6611:
6603:
6598:
6590:
6585:
6577:
6572:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6529:
6519:
6514:
6499:Food portal
6491:
6483:
6405:Case-ready meat
6387:
6381:
6355:Factory farming
6316:
6273:
6225:
6191:
6181:
6150:
6063:
5820:
5814:
5739:
5644:
5635:
5457:
5337:
5308:Lamb and mutton
5224:
5218:
5209:
5146:
5141:
5111:
5106:
5091:Food portal
5083:
5075:
5031:Fish processing
5014:
4995:Live fish trade
4968:
4942:
4923:Mercury in fish
4901:
4808:
4769:Shark liver oil
4680:
4673:
4605:
4517:
4404:
4399:
4369:
4364:
4331:
4270:Gilt-head bream
4214:
4208:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4187:
4178:Lobster fishing
4151:
4123:
4075:
4030:
4008:Other wild fish
4002:
3975:Freshwater fish
3969:
3862:
3797:
3776:Pacific bluefin
3713:
3706:
3676:
3671:
3642:
3624:
3606:
3542:
3509:
3492:Scamp grouper (
3465:Tiger grouper (
3393:Black grouper (
3377:
3372:Convict grouper
3194:
3178:
3162:
3102:E. multinotatus
3091:White grouper (
3064:Tonga grouper (
3057:E. trimaculatus
3046:Surge grouper (
2976:E. drummondhayi
2974:Speckled hind (
2967:E. magniscuttis
2949:E. indistinctus
2922:E. sexfasciatus
2913:E. suborbitalis
2895:E. adscensionis
2877:E. tuamotuensis
2830:Plump grouper (
2796:E. melanostigma
2785:Olive grouper (
2713:Maori grouper (
2614:Giant grouper (
2578:Dusky grouper (
2553:E. poecilonotus
2533:Coral grouper (
2524:Comet grouper (
2481:E. chlorostigma
2373:
2340:
2320:
2312:Darkfin hind (
2215:Freckled hind (
2100:
2082:
2062:
2026:
2016:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1545:on 8 April 2019
1539:
1523:
1516:
1511:(2/3): 157–190.
1500:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1427:Cebu Daily News
1419:
1415:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1202:
1198:
1161:
1148:
1143:
1131:
1083:
1034:
1014:has shown that
968:
944:
475:
426:, while in the
374:
369:
305:
301:
298:
296:
273:
182:, in the order
136:
59:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6713:
6703:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6648:
6635:
6622:
6609:
6596:
6583:
6570:
6555:
6539:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6510:Category: Meat
6501:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6402:
6397:
6391:
6389:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6375:Slaughterhouse
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6326:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6283:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6252:Pollotarianism
6249:
6247:Pescetarianism
6239:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6195:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5909:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5824:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5749:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5651:
5649:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5467:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5156:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5140:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5117:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5093:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5066:Salmon cannery
5063:
5058:
5056:Pescetarianism
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5020:
5019:Related topics
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4973:Animal welfare
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4928:Metagonimiasis
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4906:Health hazards
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4889:
4884:
4882:Shark fin soup
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4857:Fish and chips
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4814:Seafood dishes
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4714:Fermented fish
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4685:
4683:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4622:Marine mammals
4619:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4355:Fishing topics
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4183:Shrimp fishery
4180:
4175:
4170:
4168:Crab fisheries
4165:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:Smelt-whitings
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3896:Alaska pollock
3893:
3888:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:species groups
3705:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3636:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3616:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3554:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3411:Gulf grouper (
3408:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3327:
3315:
3303:
3300:Warsaw grouper
3291:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3228:Darwin grouper
3219:
3206:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3012:E. hexagonatus
3007:
3003:E. labriformis
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2940:E. macrospilos
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2884:Rock grouper (
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2706:E. malabaricus
2701:
2692:
2688:E. longispinis
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2616:E. lanceolatus
2611:
2607:E. spilotoceps
2602:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2535:E. corallicola
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2332:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2296:C. spiloparaea
2291:
2282:
2278:C. sexmaculata
2273:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2244:C. oligosticta
2239:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2190:C. hemistiktos
2185:
2176:
2167:
2163:C. cyanostigma
2158:
2149:
2140:
2134:Golden hind (
2131:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2043:Alphestes afer
2038:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1973:
1964:
1957:
1956:External links
1954:
1951:
1950:
1930:
1911:
1897:
1864:
1838:
1808:
1792:
1774:(2): 119–136.
1753:
1732:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1681:
1669:
1651:
1639:
1625:
1612:
1591:
1556:
1537:
1514:
1488:
1465:
1454:on 5 July 2017
1439:
1413:
1387:
1365:
1343:
1325:
1311:
1252:
1245:
1223:
1196:
1175:(2): 001–230.
1145:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1119:Bonita Springs
1093:Pulau Sembilan
1082:
1079:
1033:
1030:
967:
964:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
883:
873:
863:
841:
840:
839:
826:
816:
794:
793:
792:
782:
768:
755:Aulacocephalus
742:
741:
740:
738:Swainson, 1839
730:
712:
699:
686:
673:
663:
653:
640:
630:
620:
607:
594:
584:
571:
554:
532:
531:
530:
474:
473:Classification
471:
407:Māori language
373:
370:
368:
365:
272:
269:
156:
155:
149:
148:
144:
143:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
104:Actinopterygii
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6712:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6680:Epinephelinae
6678:
6677:
6675:
6658:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6592:Epinephelinae
6588:
6584:
6580:
6579:Epinephelinae
6575:
6571:
6566:
6565:Epinephelinae
6560:
6556:
6551:
6545:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6535:Epinephelinae
6532:
6528:
6523:
6511:
6502:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6417:Cultured meat
6415:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6384:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6322:Meat industry
6319:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6237:Vegetarianism
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6209:Animal rights
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6188:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6068:List articles
6066:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5969:Luncheon meat
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5642:
5638:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5566:Pacific saury
5564:
5562:
5561:Orange roughy
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5138:
5133:
5131:
5126:
5124:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5103:
5094:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5010:Shark finning
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Cod liver oil
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:Other seafood
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Krill fishery
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Cod fisheries
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4137:Sea cucumbers
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:Orange roughy
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3868:Demersal fish
3865:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3668:
3667:
3666:Variola louti
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3534:Creole-fish (
3532:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3422:M. microlepis
3420:Gag grouper (
3418:
3416:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:Snowy grouper
3321:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:Misty grouper
3285:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:Haifa grouper
3273:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3169:Gonioplectrus
3165:
3159:
3157:
3156:E. timorensis
3152:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3111:E. polystigma
3107:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2985:E. diacanthus
2981:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2958:E. cyanopodus
2954:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2848:Red grouper (
2846:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2787:E. cifuentesi
2783:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2742:E. gabriellae
2738:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2598:E. stoliczkae
2594:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2580:E. marginatus
2576:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2562:E. epistictus
2558:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2517:E. erythrurus
2513:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2367:D. striolata
2363:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2285:Tomato hind (
2283:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2253:C. panamensis
2249:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2217:C. microprion
2213:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:Cephalopholis
2103:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2020:Epinephelinae
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1983:
1982:Epinephelinae
1978:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1908:. 3 May 2022.
1907:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1827:on 8 May 2008
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1476:
1469:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1375:
1369:
1353:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1246:0-691-02659-9
1242:
1237:
1236:
1227:
1211:
1210:Discover Fish
1207:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1135:Dusky grouper
1133:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1076:
1075:DNA barcoding
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1026:Diplectanidae
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1012:New Caledonia
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
977:
972:
963:
960:
956:
955:gonochoristic
951:
949:
932:
931:
927:
922:
921:
917:
914:Bleeker, 1875
912:
911:
907:
902:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:
884:
879:
878:
874:
869:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:
851:
850:
848:Bleeker, 1857
846:
842:
836:
832:
831:
827:
822:
821:
817:
814:Günther, 1880
812:
811:
807:
806:
803:
799:
795:
788:
787:
783:
779:
776:Fowler &
774:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:
752:
751:
749:Bleeker, 1874
747:
746:Diploprionini
743:
736:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:
687:
683:
679:
678:
674:
669:
668:
664:
659:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:
641:
636:
635:
634:Gonioplectrus
631:
626:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:
595:
590:
589:
588:Cephalopholis
585:
581:
577:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:
542:
541:
539:Bleeker, 1874
537:
533:
527:
523:
522:
518:
517:
514:
510:
507:
504:
503:
502:
498:
494:
493:Epinephelinae
489:
487:
483:
481:
470:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
408:
404:
403:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
332:
331:giant grouper
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
294:
290:
286:
283:Groupers are
277:
268:
266:
262:
258:
257:Gonioplectrus
254:
250:
246:
245:Cephalopholis
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:
202:
201:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
178:
174:
173:Epinephelinae
170:
166:
162:
154:
150:
145:
140:
135:
134:Epinephelinae
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
6534:
6439:Mystery meat
6395:Arachnophagy
6335:Branch house
6302:Preservation
6279:Meat science
6230:Alternatives
6219:Meat paradox
6141:Smoked foods
5780:Grasshoppers
5725:Sea cucumber
5720:Shrimp/prawn
5515:
5000:Pain in fish
4877:Seafood boil
4774:Shrimp paste
4764:Salted squid
4639:Sea cucumber
4581:Prawn/Shrimp
4295:salmon trout
3664:
3657:
3647:
3637:
3629:
3619:
3611:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3549:Plectropomus
3547:
3536:P. furcifer
3535:
3526:
3514:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3384:Mycteroperca
3382:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3216:Rooster hind
3209:
3199:
3183:
3167:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3101:
3092:
3084:E. undulosus
3083:
3075:E. bilobatus
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2931:E. polylepis
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2823:E. bontoides
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2724:E. irroratus
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2652:E. maculatus
2651:
2643:E. rivulatus
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2571:E. goreensis
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2499:E. andersoni
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2463:E. heniochus
2462:
2453:
2445:E. fasciatus
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2391:E. areolatus
2390:
2378:
2366:
2357:
2347:Dermatolepis
2345:
2336:C. altivelis
2335:
2327:Chromileptes
2325:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2287:C. sonnerati
2286:
2277:
2268:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2233:Niger hind (
2225:
2216:
2208:C. leopardus
2207:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2154:C. cruentata
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2116:Rusty hind (
2105:
2095:
2089:Aethaloperca
2087:
2077:
2067:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2031:
2019:
1969:
1939:
1933:
1924:
1914:
1900:
1878:the original
1867:
1857:11 September
1855:. Retrieved
1851:the original
1841:
1831:11 September
1829:. Retrieved
1825:the original
1820:
1811:
1795:
1783:. Retrieved
1771:
1767:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1735:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1620:
1615:
1582:. Retrieved
1572:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1527:
1508:
1504:
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1426:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1390:
1380:11 September
1378:. Retrieved
1368:
1358:11 September
1356:. Retrieved
1346:
1328:
1314:
1269:
1266:PLOS Biology
1265:
1255:
1234:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1172:
1168:
1116:
1105:
1086:
1084:
1068:
1049:
1041:Gulai kerapu
1040:
1019:
986:, including
981:
952:
945:
942:Reproduction
928:
924:Cuvier, 1829
918:
910:Pseudogramma
908:
904:Günther 1859
898:
885:
881:Schultz 1953
875:
865:
852:
828:
818:
810:Bathyanthias
808:
798:Liopropomini
790:Cuvier, 1828
784:
770:
753:
732:
714:
708:J.L.B. Smith
701:
690:Plectropomus
688:
675:
667:Mycteroperca
665:
655:
642:
632:
622:
611:Dermatolepis
609:
598:Chromileptes
596:
586:
573:
556:
545:Aethaloperca
543:
536:Epinephelini
519:
490:
478:
476:
466:
460:
452:Persian Gulf
435:
419:
400:
396:
392:
386:
381:
375:
361:red lionfish
357:giant morays
352:
346:
339:
334:
292:
282:
264:
260:
256:
252:
244:
240:
236:Plectropomus
234:
230:
226:
222:
219:Dermatolepis
218:
214:
210:
206:Mycteroperca
204:
198:
188:
172:
160:
159:
152:
133:
49:
25:
6559:Wikispecies
6422:Entomophagy
6410:Meat diaper
6400:Cannibalism
6076:Meat dishes
5858:Charcuterie
5821:preparation
5805:Mopane worm
5795:Mezcal worm
4779:Smoked fish
4759:Salted fish
4719:Fish fillet
4699:Canned fish
4596:Crustaceans
4591:Sea urchins
4129:Echinoderms
4036:Crustaceans
3803:Forage fish
3485:M. venenosa
3476:M. xenarcha
3440:M. prionura
3201:Hyporthodus
3048:E. socialis
2994:E. analogus
2904:E. daemelii
2893:Rock hind (
2859:E. guttatus
2805:E. coioides
2778:E. radiatus
2769:E. miliaris
2760:E. striatus
2733:E. chabaudi
2679:E. quoyanus
2589:E. bleekeri
2436:E. howlandi
2418:E. faveatus
2380:Epinephelus
2305:C. taeniops
2136:C. aurantia
1785:13 February
1432:11 February
1060:sea-angling
1045:Padang food
1000:monogeneans
900:Pogonoperca
877:Grammistops
845:Grammistini
772:Belonoperca
657:Hyporthodus
628:Bloch, 1793
624:Epinephelus
513:D.S. Jordan
501:(groupers)
444:Middle East
416:Philippines
367:Systematics
323:crustaceans
271:Description
215:Cromileptes
200:Epinephelus
184:Perciformes
130:Subfamily:
114:Perciformes
46:Gag grouper
6685:Serranidae
6674:Categories
6479:White meat
6454:Pink slime
6432:Artificial
6307:Tenderness
6192:psychology
6190:Ethics and
6024:Salt-cured
5730:Sea urchin
5298:Guinea pig
4872:Fried fish
4749:Fish stock
4744:Fish steak
4739:Fish paste
4734:Fish sauce
4709:Cured fish
4694:Dried fish
4423:Barramundi
4142:Sea urchin
3527:P. colonus
3516:Paranthias
3449:M. rosacea
3413:M. jordani
3039:E. summana
3030:E. posteli
2868:E. retouti
2857:Red hind (
2832:E. trophis
2697:E. bruneus
2634:E. tauvina
2544:E. caninus
2526:E. morrhua
2427:E. stictus
2400:E. itajara
2358:D. inermis
2314:C. urodeta
2262:C. polleni
2226:C. miniata
2172:C. formosa
2152:Graysby (
2069:Anyperodon
2024:(Groupers)
1610:174:83-99.
1334:"s.v. (?)"
1141:References
1032:Modern use
1016:coral reef
976:monogenean
887:Jeboehlkia
867:Grammistes
830:Rainfordia
824:Gill, 1861
820:Liopropoma
786:Diploprion
677:Paranthias
671:Gill, 1862
661:Gill, 1861
638:Gill, 1862
575:Anyperodon
491:Subfamily
463:grammistin
440:Indonesian
414:). In the
405:(from the
378:Portuguese
265:Paranthias
211:Anyperidon
191:sea basses
180:Serranidae
124:Serranidae
6370:Slaughter
6292:Drip loss
6014:Rillettes
5974:Marinated
5912:Forcemeat
5898:Fermented
5838:Barbecued
5810:Palm grub
5641:Shellfish
5611:Swordfish
5546:Mahi Mahi
5376:Crocodile
5351:Alligator
5230:Livestock
5160:Cassowary
4913:Ciguatera
4867:Fish soup
4784:Stockfish
4724:Fish head
4679:Processed
4617:Jellyfish
4523:Shellfish
4513:Whitebait
4493:Swordfish
4156:Fisheries
4021:Whitebait
3965:Toothfish
3791:yellowfin
3751:Swordfish
3494:M. phenax
3467:M. tigris
3395:M. bonaci
3147:E. awoara
3093:E. aeneus
2841:E. tukula
2670:E. akaara
2625:E. costae
2145:C. boenak
2033:Alphestes
1966:ARKive –
1481:12 August
1458:12 August
1410:(2): 4–9.
1114:, China.
1071:ciguatera
1056:game fish
992:nematodes
988:digeneans
984:parasites
966:Parasites
835:McCulloch
778:B.A. Bean
720:Randall,
682:Guichenot
567:Schneider
558:Alphestes
509:Niphonini
420:lapu-lapu
372:Etymology
319:octopuses
249:lyretails
241:Alphestes
153:See text
80:Kingdom:
74:Eukaryota
6550:Q5559352
6544:Wikidata
6464:Red meat
6459:Raw meat
6388:subjects
6269:Veganism
6136:Meatball
5999:Pemmican
5984:Meatloaf
5979:Meatball
5819:Cuts and
5800:Silkworm
5790:Mealworm
5768:Crickets
5680:Crayfish
5660:Calamari
5556:Milkfish
5541:Mackerel
5536:Kingfish
5511:Flounder
5411:Pangolin
5396:Kangaroo
5381:Elephant
5366:Bushmeat
4862:Fish pie
4754:Lutefisk
4729:Fish oil
4601:Molluscs
4586:Scallops
4551:Crayfish
4488:Sturgeon
4468:Mackerel
4458:Flounder
4453:Flatfish
4428:Billfish
4312:Scallops
4290:Atlantic
4109:Scallops
4081:Molluscs
3988:Sturgeon
3955:Rockfish
3908:flounder
3903:Flatfish
3886:Atlantic
3856:european
3836:Sardines
3831:Menhaden
3786:skipjack
3761:albacore
3736:Mackerel
3613:Saloptia
3458:M. rubra
3431:M. olfax
3138:E. ongus
2850:E. morio
2661:E. merra
2235:C. nigri
2181:C. fulva
2127:C. argus
2118:C. aitha
2022:species
1945:Archived
1886:cite web
1821:The Star
1746:29 April
1306:14006488
1298:17147471
1191:25543675
1129:See also
1112:Dongyuan
1088:The Star
1008:copepods
996:cestodes
959:testicle
930:Suttonia
920:Rypticus
764:Schlegel
760:Temminck
703:Saloptia
603:Swainson
432:Mindanao
285:teleosts
227:Saloptia
223:Graciela
161:Groupers
120:Family:
94:Chordata
90:Phylum:
84:Animalia
70:Domain:
31:Grouper
6427:Marbled
6386:Related
6365:Packing
6340:Butcher
6204:Carnism
6146:Sausage
6121:Seafood
6089:Chicken
6059:Tartare
6054:Tandoor
6034:Sausage
6019:Roasted
6004:Poached
5994:Pickled
5917:Cretons
5907:supreme
5848:Braised
5843:Biltong
5745:Insects
5710:Scallop
5700:Octopus
5690:Lobster
5685:Dolphin
5655:Abalone
5647:seafood
5631:Walleye
5616:Tilapia
5591:Sardine
5581:Pollock
5531:Herring
5526:Halibut
5521:Haddock
5516:Grouper
5501:Crappie
5491:Catfish
5471:Anchovy
5441:Venison
5258:Buffalo
5248:Beefalo
5185:Ostrich
5165:Chicken
5152:Poultry
5061:Raw bar
4897:more...
4852:Chowder
4804:more...
4681:seafood
4669:more...
4644:Seaweed
4634:Octopus
4576:Oysters
4571:Mussels
4566:Lobster
4556:Geoduck
4536:Cockles
4531:Abalone
4498:Tilapia
4478:Sardine
4463:Herring
4438:Catfish
4418:Anchovy
4402:Seafood
4327:Tilapia
4317:Seaweed
4305:chinook
4280:Oysters
4275:Mussels
4260:Catfish
4243:crucian
4233:bighead
4147:more...
4119:more...
4104:Oysters
4099:Octopus
4094:Mussels
4089:Abalone
4071:more...
4054:Lobster
4026:more...
3993:Tilapia
3950:Pollock
3935:Haddock
3913:halibut
3891:Pacific
3876:Catfish
3821:Herring
3816:Capelin
3811:Anchovy
3710:fishery
3649:Variola
3404:M. cidi
3185:Gracila
2179:Coney (
2018:Extant
1289:1750927
1169:Zootaxa
1123:Florida
1095:in the
1064:aquaria
1004:isopods
859:Schultz
854:Aporops
734:Variola
722:Johnson
649:Randall
644:Gracila
580:Günther
497:Bleeker
448:hammour
428:Visayas
382:garoupa
311:pharynx
304:⁄
253:Variola
251:(genus
247:), the
175:of the
139:Bleeker
110:Order:
100:Class:
6657:151758
6644:250615
6631:274794
6605:551018
6508:
6360:Jobber
6345:Cutter
6330:Broker
6131:Steaks
6049:Stewed
6039:Smoked
6029:Salumi
6009:Potted
5959:Kidney
5939:Ground
5934:Frozen
5903:Fillet
5883:Cutlet
5873:Corned
5868:Confit
5853:Burger
5784:locust
5763:Cicada
5705:Oyster
5695:Mussel
5665:Chiton
5645:other
5586:Salmon
5551:Marlin
5436:Turtle
5426:Rabbit
5401:Monkey
5391:Iguana
5333:Żubroń
5288:Snails
5283:Donkey
5238:Alpaca
5205:Turkey
5190:Pigeon
5100:
4847:Bisque
4789:Surimi
4689:Caviar
4473:Salmon
4322:Shrimp
4285:Salmon
4253:silver
4238:common
4220:Farmed
4064:Prawns
4059:Shrimp
3940:Mullet
3928:turbot
3918:plaice
3766:bigeye
3741:Salmon
1584:8 June
1549:8 June
1535:
1304:
1296:
1286:
1243:
1216:8 June
1189:
1052:farmed
1006:, and
894:, 1967
892:Robins
861:, 1943
843:Tribe
837:, 1923
804:, 1867
796:Tribe
780:, 1930
766:, 1843
762:&
744:Tribe
728:, 1989
724:&
710:, 1964
697:, 1817
684:, 1868
651:, 1964
618:, 1861
605:, 1839
582:, 1859
569:, 1801
565:&
552:, 1904
550:Fowler
534:Tribe
528:, 1828
526:Cuvier
521:Niphon
515:, 1923
499:, 1874
486:tribes
438:. Its
436:pugapo
411:hāpuku
402:hapuka
380:name,
321:, and
261:Niphon
229:, and
195:genera
177:family
169:genera
141:, 1874
6652:WoRMS
6444:Offal
6155:Other
6044:Steak
5989:Offal
5964:Liver
5954:Kebab
5949:Jerky
5929:Fried
5888:Dried
5878:Cured
5833:Bacon
5773:Flour
5735:Whale
5621:Trout
5596:Shark
5571:Perch
5431:Snake
5406:Mouse
5313:Llama
5303:Horse
5263:Camel
5253:Bison
5195:Quail
5180:Goose
4887:Sushi
4654:Algae
4649:Squid
4627:Whale
4561:Krill
4541:Conch
4503:Trout
4483:Shark
4248:grass
4114:Squid
4049:Krill
3998:Trout
3851:Sprat
3841:Saury
3826:Ilish
3746:Shark
3631:Triso
1501:(PDF)
1400:(PDF)
1302:S2CID
1108:Limón
716:Triso
563:Bloch
506:Tribe
424:Luzon
342:gills
231:Triso
6626:NCBI
6600:ITIS
6126:Veal
6109:Pork
6104:Lamb
6099:Goat
6094:Fish
6084:Beef
5922:Pâté
5863:Chop
5828:Aged
5753:Ants
5715:Seal
5675:Crab
5670:Clam
5626:Tuna
5606:Swai
5601:Sole
5576:Pike
5486:Carp
5481:Bass
5476:Basa
5463:Fish
5451:Wolf
5421:Hare
5371:Boar
5361:Bear
5343:Game
5323:Veal
5318:Pork
5293:Frog
5273:Goat
5243:Beef
5200:Rhea
5170:Duck
5144:Meat
4546:Crab
4508:Tuna
4433:Carp
4410:Fish
4300:coho
4228:Carp
4044:Crab
3983:Carp
3923:sole
3846:Shad
3756:Tuna
3719:Wild
1892:link
1859:2010
1833:2010
1787:2023
1748:2011
1586:2020
1551:2020
1533:ISBN
1483:2011
1460:2011
1434:2021
1382:2010
1360:2010
1294:PMID
1241:ISBN
1218:2020
1187:PMID
1173:3882
1081:Size
1058:for
802:Poey
726:Lowe
695:Pken
616:Gill
456:mero
430:and
315:fish
203:and
165:fish
163:are
6613:NBN
6587:AFD
6574:ADW
6114:Ham
5944:Ham
5893:Dum
5643:and
5506:Eel
5496:Cod
5446:Dog
5416:Rat
5386:Fox
5356:Bat
5328:Yak
5278:Dog
5268:Cat
5175:Emu
4794:Roe
4448:Eel
4443:Cod
4016:Eel
3881:Cod
1801:doi
1776:doi
1729:PDF
1722:doi
1509:XIX
1284:PMC
1274:doi
1177:doi
1121:in
458:'.
422:in
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