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Mexican government throughout the investigation, going as far as to close several U.S.-Mexican port of entries for a period of several days. After the arrest of Rafael Caro
Quintero and Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo in April 1985 for the Camarena murder, Félix Gallardo kept a low profile and in 1987 he moved with his family to Guadalajara city. Félix "The Godfather" Gallardo then decided to divide up the trade he controlled as it would be more efficient and less likely to be brought down in one law enforcement swoop. In a way, he was privatizing the Mexican drug business while sending it back underground, to be run by bosses who were less well known or not yet known by the DEA. Félix Gallardo convened the nation's top drug narcos at a house in the resort city of
407:, one of the largest Colombian drug cartels. The Guadalajara Cartel managed to traffic cocaine to the U.S. in multi-ton shipments each month. Rather than taking cash payments for their services, the smugglers in the Guadalajara Cartel took a 50% cut of the cocaine they transported from Colombia. This was extremely profitable for them, with some estimating that the trafficking network, then operated by Felix Gallardo, Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo, and Rafael Quintero was pulling in $ 5 billion annually. According to some writers, like
451:
cheekbones, windpipe, and ribs were broken; the kidnappers brought in a doctor to administer drugs to the agent to keep him conscious throughout the whole session. The kidnappers made audio recordings of some parts of
Camarena's interrogation. The final blow was apparently done when the torturers crushed his skull with a piece of
443:
and his pilot
Alfredo Zavala Avelar were kidnapped in Guadalajara on February 7, 1985, in broad daylight by several DFS officers, taken to a residence owned by Quintero located at 881 Lope de Vega in the colonia of Jardines del Bosque, in the western section of the city, brutally tortured, and murdered.
484:
The murder of agent
Camarena outraged the U.S. government and put pressure on Mexico to arrest all the major players involved in the incident, resulting in a four-year law enforcement manhunt that brought down several leaders of the Guadalajara Cartel. The U.S. applied heavy political pressure to the
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and tortured to gain information regarding his knowledge of law enforcement operations directed against the cartel; as well as any information that the DEA may have on
Mexican politicians involved in drug trafficking. Over the course of the 30 plus hour torture session, Camarena's skull, jaw, nose,
442:
during
November 1984. The authorities reportedly burned more than 10,000 tons of marijuana – totaling a loss of around $ 160 million. This allegedly prompted Caro Quintero and other high-ranking members of the Guadalajara Cartel to seek revenge against the DEA and Camarena. In retribution, Camarena
336:
began to spring up beginning in the early 1980s. Earlier plantations were usually located in remote mountain areas where they were hard to spot and irrigation did not require drilling wells. Yields were relatively low, quality varied, and transportation was expensive. These new plantations however
471:
and dentistry student Albert
Radelat on January 30, 1985. According to the allegations, the two Americans were dining in a Guadalajara restaurant when they encountered Caro Quintero and his men as they accidentally walked into one of Quintero's private parties. Caro Quintero was said to have then
459:
and dumped in a roadside ditch to be discovered on 5 March 1985. Caro
Quintero then left Mexico on March 9, 1985, with his associates and his girlfriend Sara Cristina Cosío Gaona. Former Mexican Judicial Police chief Armando Pavón Reyes, after receiving a $ 300,000 bribe, reportedly allowed Caro
329:, to continue their operations. The regrouping led to the formation of the Guadalajara Cartel which would roughly put the origins of the group between 1978 and 1980. The cartel eventually managed to control nearly all the narcotics trafficking operations in Mexico throughout in the 1980s.
372:. It was also easier to spot plantations in the barren deserts; the larger the farm, the easier to spot. With an end to solo American overflights as part of the eradication program, however, money and intimidation allowed farms to grow dramatically without coming to official notice.
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and interrogated. John Walker died on the scene from blunt force trauma to the head. Albert
Radelat was still alive when he was wrapped in tablecloths, taken to a park near the city, and buried. The men's bodies were found six months later buried at the San Isidro Mazatepec Park in
349:) marking the first time growing marijuana without seeds was brought to a grand-scale. This more powerful, higher quality variety brought much higher prices in North American markets. Seedless marijuana is known to come from female cannabis plants which have not been
619:
At present, these aforementioned cartels/factions, or remnants of them, are battling each other for control of trafficking routes, influence over the
Mexican government, and in retaliation for past offenses and betrayals. This conflict is known as the
937:
Tobar, Hector (2003-06-27). "Drug Lord Convicted in Camarena's 1985 Murder : Narcotics: He draws a prison term of 40 years. A Mexican judge sentences his 'enforcer' and 23 others in the U.S. drug agent's killing". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved
438:. Camarena was an undercover field agent who the cartel suspected of giving information to the DEA which led to destruction of the organization's 2,500 acre marijuana crop known as Rancho Búfalo (English: "Buffalo Ranch") in the state of
553:
back into the fold. Félix Gallardo still planned to oversee national operations, he had the contacts so he was still the top man, but he would no longer control all details of the business; he was arrested on April 8, 1989.
1415:
Lehmuth, Erica L.; Etter, Gregg W. (2011-11-15). "The Mexican drug wars: Organized Crime, Narco-Terrorism, Insurgency or Asymmetric Warfare?". Allacademic.com. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June
577:, or partner of Acosta. During the mid and late 1980s Amado accompanied Pablo Acosta, Marco DeHaro and Becky Garcia on many of their smuggling activities, including the "rescue" of a broken-down marijuana truck near
585:
every month from Colombia to Ojinaga, sometimes landing at the municipal airport, sometimes at dirt airstrips on ranches upriver from Ojinaga. Traditionally, Acosta would mostly smuggle marijuana and
967:"Agents Say Mexico Officials Stymied Raid : Camarena trial: Prosecutors alleged that destroying more than 10,000 tons of marijuana enraged drug cartel prompted them to seek revenge against DEA"
403:
was the Guadalajara Cartel's primary connection to the Colombian cocaine cartels. Matta had originally introduced Felix Gallardo's predecessor, Alberto Sicilia-Falcon to Santiago Ocampo of the
1221:
1016:"Drug Lord Convicted in Camarena's 1985 Murder : Narcotics: He draws a prison term of 40 years. A Mexican judge sentences his "enforcer" and 23 others in the U.S. drug agent's killing"
581:. Through a protection scheme with the Mexican federal and state police agencies and with the Mexican army, Acosta was able to ensure the security for five tons of cocaine being flown by
242:
cocaine mafias, the Guadalajara Cartel prospered from the cocaine trade. Throughout the 1980s, the cartel controlled much of the drug trafficking in Mexico and the corridors along the
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These new plantations were located in remote desert areas, where transportation was much less expensive but additionally, faced several new problems. Desert production required
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where they could traffic drugs to the U.S. and tax smugglers that wished to move merchandise on their turf. The Tijuana route would go to his nephews, the
321:), a Mexican antidrug program carried out in the 1970s to stop the flow of drugs from Mexico to the United States, many drug traffickers from the state of
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The Guadalajara Cartel however suffered a major blow in 1985 when the group's co-founder Rafael Caro Quintero was captured, and later convicted, for the
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It was also alleged that Caro Quintero, in just eight days prior to Camarena's kidnapping had ordered the abduction, torture, and murder of writer
976:
1254:
293:, a former federal police officer, started working for drug traffickers brokering corruption of state officials and his partners in the cartel,
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but towards the end of his life focused more on cocaine. Once Pablo Acosta was killed in 1987 during a joint cross-border raid by the
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or other similar piece of metal. About a month later, Camarena and Zavala's corpses were taken to the neighboring state of
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cartels originally started out as branches or "plazas" of the Guadalajara Cartel before its eventual disintegration.
2424:
1987:
729:
Shannon, Elaine (1988). Desperados: Latin drug lords, U.S. lawmen, and the war America can't win. New York: Viking.
464:. The police chief was fired shortly afterward, and was charged with bribery and complicity in the Camarena murder.
412:
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for irrigation, and Mexico had strict laws governing well digging, a problem that was eventually solved by massive
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39:
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It is also believed that Amado Carrillo Fuentes was once a part of the Guadalajara Cartel, but he was sent to
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1980:
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1973:
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481:. The authorities believe that Caro Quintero had mistaken Walker and Radelat for U.S. undercover agents.
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2368:
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1773:
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1542:
665:"Reconceptualizing the Illegal Narcotics Trade and Its Effect on the Colombian and the Mexican State"
534:
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2579:
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ordered his men to seize the Americans and take them to a store room, where they were tortured with
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Throughout most of the 1970s and early 1980s, a majority of the cocaine that was smuggled to the
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from California and Oregon, this new variety came to be referred to by Mexican cultivators as "
159:
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to the United States. Among the first of the Mexican drug trafficking groups to work with the
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shipments of his uncle, Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo, and to learn about border operations from
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directly by actively participating in murder and drug trafficking on the cartel's behalf.
8:
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1180:
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2984:
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2098:
947:
Nash, Jay Robert (1993). World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime. Da Capo Press. p. 167.
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among others. Multiple modern present day drug cartels (or their remnants) such as the
2043:
1211:
1101:
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Quintero to flee from the airport in Guadalajara, in a private jet, to seek refuge in
411:, the organization prospered largely because it enjoyed the protection of the Mexican
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were seeded with an improved variety of marijuana, originally developed by American
305:, took control of the trafficking routes after Avilés was killed in a shootout with
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would go to the Carrillo Fuentes family, headed by the nephew of Fonseca Carrillo,
468:
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199:
136:
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by male plants. Therefore the plant puts more energy into fostering psychoactive
275:
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In 1989 Amado was jailed for several weeks in Mexico. By then, he had undergone
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163:
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246:. It had operations in various regions in Mexico which included the states of
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2784:
2744:
518:
388:
376:
365:
171:
2247:
1344:"Border Closures Are Extremely Rare – and Businesses Hope it Stays That Way"
3509:
3405:
1625:
1615:
1315:
1311:"Joaquín "Chapo" Guzmán: the Mexican drug lord adept at playing the system"
1129:"El asesinato de un agente de la DEA precipitó la debacle de Caro Quintero"
447:
354:
1524:
Methamphetamine Situation in the United States: Production and Trafficking
1459:
Drug War Zone: Frontline Dispatches from the Streets of El Paso and Juárez
456:
2764:
2237:
1901:
526:
404:
309:
police officers. It is believed Avilés was set up by Fonseca, the gang's
215:
181:
155:
61:
139:, extortion, murder, torture, arms trafficking and political corruption.
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1919:
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350:
342:
333:
2453:
1924:
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582:
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235:
115:
1102:"Testimony: Doctor's Fingerprints Found at Home Where Camarena Died"
892:
880:
781:
602:
486:
473:
239:
125:
813:
811:
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village of Santa Elena (Chihuahua), and Carillo's other successor
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384:
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322:
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231:
99:
95:
87:
83:
691:
689:
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605:, Amado Carrillo Fuentes then took over complete control of the
1530:
The CIA underpinned consolidation of drug trafficking in Mexico
808:
586:
498:
259:
255:
111:
107:
701:
1640:
1526:. U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration.
682:
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instead of putting its energy towards producing seeds.
725:
723:
721:
719:
1049:"Brutal DEA agent murder reminder of agency priority"
1450:
Down by the River: Drugs, Money, Murder, and Family.
1155:"Kiki Camarena, el caso que México no puede olvidar"
782:
Cockburn, Alexander & St-Clair, Jeffrey (1998).
669:
Muhlenberg College - Department of Political Science
1564:
1434:
Down by the River: Drugs, Money, Murder, and Family
716:
419:. Several of the agency's members were involved in
1431:
783:
601:was murdered by Amado Carrillo himself in 1993 in
3457:Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars
2555:
1495:
1476:
898:
886:
817:
3555:
3525:Manhunt of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán (2001–2014)
1455:
710:
1429:
1126:
695:
616:already at least once to alter his appearance.
1499:Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts and Control
1212:"Former police commander convicted of bribery"
904:
777:
775:
773:
771:
3462:El Narco: Inside Mexico's Criminal Insurgency
1550:
1477:Edmonds-Poli, Emily; Shirk, David A. (2009).
1275:
1178:
1075:"Tape of Drug Agent's Torture Is Made Public"
1243:United Press International (June 18, 1985).
830:
828:
826:
1377:. New York, New York: Grove Press. p.
1341:
1127:Castillo García, Gustavo (10 August 2013).
768:
301:("Don Neto"), who previously worked in the
2120:
1557:
1543:
964:
823:
745:
743:
1672:
1308:
381:trafficked by the Colombian drug cartels
1813:
1578:represent dead or arrested individuals.
1276:Ramírez Yáñez, Jaime (August 9, 2013).
1245:"Two Bodies Unearthed in Mexico Forest"
1209:
854:
786:Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press
658:
656:
3556:
2937:
1072:
915:"Washington and the politics of drugs"
749:
740:
218:which was formed in the late 1970s by
3430:
3429:
3186:
2936:
2707:
2554:
2451:
2347:
2217:
2119:
2023:
1899:
1801:
1800:
1671:
1641:SEIDO (organized crime investigation)
1602:
1538:
1370:
1342:Srikrishnan, Maya (5 December 2018).
1323:from the original on 23 February 2014
1172:
1152:
1046:
1013:
834:
662:
549:. Guzmán and Zambada brought veteran
415:intelligence agency, under its chief
395:in these areas by the mid-1980s, the
285:
3574:Organizations disestablished in 1989
3377:Journalists and media workers killed
653:
399:shifted their operations to Mexico.
3483:Allegations of CIA drug trafficking
3187:
1631:Fuerzas Especiales (special forces)
1014:Tobar, Hector (December 13, 1989).
13:
2348:
2218:
1685:
1603:
1278:"La caída de Rafael Caro Quintero"
1179:Aguilar Camín, Héctor (May 2007).
1028:from the original on March 1, 2013
593:and Mexican Federal Police in the
493:(turfs) or territories. Different
393:increased law enforcement measures
14:
3605:
3564:Organizations established in 1980
3393:(physician / politician)
2024:
1517:
1309:Vulliamy, Ed (23 February 2014).
1210:Manning, Carl (August 13, 1986).
1181:"Narco Historias extraordinarias"
1153:Nájar, Alberto (23 August 2011).
998:"The death house on Lope de Vega"
3579:1989 disestablishments in Mexico
2661:Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez
965:Lieberman, Paul (May 23, 1999).
752:"In Mexico, Drug Roots Run Deep"
750:Rohter, Larry (April 16, 1989).
3594:History of Guadalajara, Jalisco
2884:José de Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo
2402:Francisco Javier Arellano Félix
2383:Francisco Rafael Arellano Félix
1900:
1566:Mexican drug war (2006–present)
1409:
1395:
1335:
1302:
1290:from the original on 2013-08-12
1269:
1257:from the original on 2013-08-15
1236:
1224:from the original on 2013-08-15
1203:
1191:from the original on 2013-10-22
1146:
1120:
1094:
1066:
1040:
1007:
991:
979:from the original on 2013-08-15
958:
941:
931:
535:Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán Loera
529:- would be left undisturbed to
313:. After the implementation of "
3589:Disbanded Mexican drug cartels
3500:Most-wanted Mexican drug lords
2425:Luis Fernando Sánchez Arellano
1988:Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez
1423:
1002:MGR - the Mexico Gulf Reporter
1:
3569:1980 establishments in Mexico
3530:2015 Amado checkpoint protest
2557:Jalisco New Generation Cartel
2452:
2243:Jalisco New Generation Cartel
1479:Contemporary Mexican Politics
1462:. University of Texas Press.
1047:Seper, Jerry (5 March 2010).
887:Edmonds-Poli & Shirk 2009
818:Edmonds-Poli & Shirk 2009
646:
525:corridor – then becoming the
3535:2018 Chimney Canyon shootout
2712:Other cartels and drug lords
2319:Juan José Esparragoza Moreno
1588:
1481:. Rowman & Littlefield.
303:Avilés criminal organization
62:Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
52:Juan José Esparragoza Moreno
7:
2812:Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo
2682:Rosalinda González Valencia
2615:Jorge Luis Mendoza Cárdenas
2487:Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar
1871:José de Jesús Méndez Vargas
1636:Policía Federal Ministerial
1157:(in Spanish). Mexico City:
1073:Murphy, Kim (7 June 1988).
663:McRae, Patricia B. (1998).
627:
561:, Chihuahua to oversee the
291:Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo
244:Mexico–United States border
220:Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo
40:Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo
10:
3610:
3399:Édgar Eusebio Millán Gómez
2647:Antonio Oseguera Cervantes
2610:Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes
2575:Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes
2326:Ignacio Coronel Villarreal
1749:Sergio Villarreal Barragán
1496:Lyman, Michael D. (2003).
3475:
3449:
3445:
3425:
3364:
3206:
3202:
3182:
3009:
2956:
2952:
2932:
2911:Julio César Godoy Toscano
2868:
2831:Héctor Luis Palma Salazar
2803:
2727:
2723:
2703:
2668:Gerardo González Valencia
2640:Abigael González Valencia
2602:
2586:Abigael González Valencia
2567:
2563:
2550:
2510:
2464:
2460:
2447:
2411:
2360:
2356:
2343:
2298:
2270:Héctor Luis Palma Salazar
2261:
2230:
2226:
2213:
2173:
2148:
2132:
2128:
2115:
2084:
2052:
2036:
2032:
2019:
1958:
1933:
1912:
1908:
1895:
1809:
1796:
1780:Fausto Isidro Meza Flores
1765:
1712:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1667:
1611:
1598:
1587:
1583:
1572:
1456:Campbell, Howard (2010).
671:. Historical Text Archive
573:). Amado was a long-time
569:, "El Zorro de Ojinaga" (
551:Héctor Luis Palma Salazar
545:operations, becoming the
177:
143:
131:
121:
75:
67:
57:
35:
27:
3467:The Fight to Save Juárez
2824:Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo
2093:Vicente Carrillo Fuentes
1981:Antonio Cárdenas Guillén
1502:(6 ed.). Elsevier.
1430:Bowden, Charles (2002).
837:"Amado Carrillo Fuentes"
835:Poppa, Terrance (2009).
489:where he designated the
299:Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo
228:Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo
48:Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo
2905:Raúl Salinas de Gortari
2838:Jesús Amezcua Contreras
2654:Elvis González Valencia
2633:Rubén Oseguera González
2376:Benjamín Arellano Félix
2196:Nazario Moreno González
2189:Servando Gómez Martínez
2182:Enrique Plancarte Solís
2164:Servando Gómez Martínez
2157:Enrique Plancarte Solís
2068:Pablo Acosta Villarreal
2061:Rafael Aguilar Guajardo
2002:Homero Cárdenas Guillén
1878:Servando Gómez Martínez
1864:Enrique Plancarte Solís
1857:Alberto Espinoza Barrón
1850:Rafael Cedeño Hernández
1843:Dionisio Loya Plancarte
1822:Nazario Moreno González
1742:Edgar Valdez Villarreal
1371:Beith, Malcolm (2010).
866:Cannabis Business Times
599:Rafael Aguilar Guajardo
567:Pablo Acosta Villarreal
503:Arellano Félix brothers
430:and murder of American
397:Colombian drug kingpins
3321:LeBarón & Langford
2852:Juan Nepomuceno Guerra
2675:José González Valencia
2620:Érick Valencia Salazar
2580:Érick Valencia Salazar
2526:Miguel Treviño Morales
2431:Edgardo Leyva Escandón
2419:Enedina Arellano Félix
2395:Eduardo Arellano Félix
2122:Knights Templar Cartel
2075:Amado Carrillo Fuentes
1974:Osiel Cárdenas Guillén
1967:Óscar Malherbe de León
1942:Juan Nepomuceno Guerra
1829:Carlos Rosales Mendoza
1438:. Simon and Schuster.
899:Lyman, Michael D. 2003
511:Amado Carrillo Fuentes
401:Juan Matta-Ballesteros
211:
203:
160:Norte del Valle Cartel
58:Founding location
3505:Piracy on Falcon Lake
3495:Juárez house of death
3116:Nuevo León-Tamaulipas
2898:Noé Ramírez Mandujano
2389:Carlos Arellano Félix
2313:Ismael Zambada García
2290:Ismael Zambada García
2277:Adrián Gómez González
1995:Mario Ramírez Treviño
1728:Alfredo Beltrán Leyva
862:"Seeded vs. Seedless"
711:Campbell, Howard 2010
539:Ismael Zambada García
523:Matamoros, Tamaulipas
497:were given a certain
204:Cártel de Guadalajara
19:Criminal organization
2891:Arturo Durazo Moreno
2818:Rafael Caro Quintero
2735:Independent Acapulco
2626:Martín Arzola Ortega
2593:Martín Arzola Ortega
2533:Omar Treviño Morales
2501:Galindo Mellado Cruz
2480:Jaime González Durán
2473:Arturo Guzmán Decena
2369:Ramón Arellano Félix
2307:Joaquín Guzmán Loera
2284:Joaquín Guzmán Loera
1836:Arnoldo Rueda Medina
1774:Héctor Beltrán Leyva
1756:Héctor Beltrán Leyva
1735:Carlos Beltrán Leyva
1721:Arturo Beltrán Leyva
1704:South Pacific Cartel
1674:Beltrán-Leyva Cartel
1217:The Associated Press
1106:The Associated Press
1053:The Washington Times
696:Bowden, Charles 2002
515:Miguel Caro Quintero
339:cannabis cultivators
327:Guadalajara, Jalisco
295:Rafael Caro Quintero
224:Rafael Caro Quintero
44:Rafael Caro Quintero
3391:Rodolfo Torre Cantú
3221:Villas de Salvárcar
3216:Juárez rehab center
507:Ciudad Juárez route
132:Criminal activities
24:
16:Mexican drug cartel
3584:Guadalajara Cartel
3407:Jaime Jorge Zapata
3401:(police commander)
3372:Politicians killed
2859:Juan García Ábrego
2845:Pedro Avilés Pérez
2790:Santa Rosa de Lima
2099:Juan Pablo Ledezma
1949:Juan García Abrego
1348:Voice of San Diego
920:2011-10-06 at the
901:, p. 297-298.
889:, p. 261-262.
868:. 1 September 2019
756:The New York Times
531:Juan García Ábrego
286:History and legacy
196:Guadalajara Cartel
135:Drug trafficking,
23:Guadalajara Cartel
22:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3281:Cadereyta Jiménez
3276:2012 Nuevo Laredo
3246:2011 San Fernando
3241:2010 San Fernando
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2877:Miguel Nazar Haro
2869:Corrupt officials
2715:Corrupt officials
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2519:Heriberto Lazcano
2494:Heriberto Lazcano
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2253:Artistas Asesinos
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1803:La Familia Cartel
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1621:Mexican Air Force
1403:"Borderland Beat"
1388:978-0-8021-1952-0
1250:Los Angeles Times
1108:. 4 December 1992
1080:Los Angeles Times
1021:Los Angeles Times
972:Los Angeles Times
953:978-0-306-80535-6
790:. Verso. p.
735:978-0-670-81026-0
521:. Control of the
417:Miguel Nazar Haro
230:in order to ship
214:), was a Mexican
206:), also known as
192:
191:
68:Years active
3601:
3447:
3446:
3427:
3426:
3383:Enrique Camarena
3341:Coatepec Harinas
3204:
3203:
3184:
3183:
3081:Fast and Furious
3053:Community Shield
2993:Southern Tempest
2954:
2953:
2934:
2933:
2916:Tomás Yarrington
2804:Early drug lords
2725:
2724:
2705:
2704:
2565:
2564:
2552:
2551:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2448:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2344:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2214:
2130:
2129:
2117:
2116:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2020:
1910:
1909:
1897:
1896:
1811:
1810:
1798:
1797:
1682:
1681:
1669:
1668:
1600:
1599:
1585:
1584:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1513:
1492:
1473:
1452:
1437:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1011:
1005:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
962:
956:
945:
939:
935:
929:
911:Peter Dale Scott
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
858:
852:
851:
849:
848:
839:. Archived from
832:
821:
815:
806:
805:
789:
779:
766:
765:
763:
762:
747:
738:
727:
714:
708:
699:
693:
680:
679:
677:
676:
660:
634:Mexican Drug War
622:Mexican Drug War
541:would take over
469:John Clay Walker
436:Enrique Camarena
409:Peter Dale Scott
391:. However, with
332:Major marijuana
319:Operación Cóndor
315:Operation Condor
137:money laundering
25:
21:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3539:
3515:Narco-submarine
3471:
3441:
3440:
3413:
3360:
3198:
3197:
3170:
3018:Baja California
3005:
2948:
2947:
2920:
2864:
2799:
2719:
2718:
2691:
2598:
2559:
2538:
2506:
2456:
2435:
2407:
2352:
2331:
2294:
2257:
2222:
2201:
2169:
2144:
2124:
2103:
2080:
2048:
2028:
2007:
1954:
1929:
1904:
1883:
1805:
1784:
1761:
1708:
1687:
1676:
1655:
1607:
1594:
1579:
1568:
1563:
1520:
1510:
1489:
1470:
1446:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1369:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1012:
1008:
996:
992:
982:
980:
963:
959:
946:
942:
936:
932:
922:Wayback Machine
909:
905:
897:
893:
885:
881:
871:
869:
860:
859:
855:
846:
844:
833:
824:
816:
809:
802:
780:
769:
760:
758:
748:
741:
728:
717:
709:
702:
694:
683:
674:
672:
661:
654:
649:
630:
614:plastic surgery
571:The Ojinaga Fox
519:Sonora corridor
421:organized crime
288:
252:Baja California
188:
184:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
152:Medellín Cartel
150:
104:San Luis Potosí
82:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3489:Blog del Narco
3485:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3261:2011 Monterrey
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3067:Diablo Express
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
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2577:
2571:
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2537:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2350:Tijuana Cartel
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2302:
2300:
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2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2220:Sinaloa Cartel
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2140:La Resistencia
2136:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1769:
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1763:
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1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1699:Los Mazatlecos
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:disbanded 2010
1678:
1677:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1651:National Guard
1648:
1646:Federal Police
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:Federal forces
1596:
1595:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1519:
1518:External links
1516:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1493:
1488:978-0742540491
1487:
1474:
1469:978-0292782792
1468:
1453:
1444:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1394:
1387:
1374:The Last Narco
1360:
1334:
1301:
1286:(in Spanish).
1268:
1235:
1202:
1187:(in Spanish).
1171:
1145:
1131:(in Spanish).
1119:
1093:
1065:
1039:
1006:
990:
957:
940:
930:
903:
891:
879:
853:
822:
820:, p. 262.
807:
800:
767:
739:
715:
713:, p. 283.
700:
698:, p. 136.
681:
651:
650:
648:
645:
644:
643:
640:Narcos: Mexico
636:
629:
626:
579:Lomas de Arena
547:Sinaloa Cartel
517:would run the
287:
284:
208:The Federation
190:
189:
179:
175:
174:
164:Sinaloa Cartel
148:Tijuana Cartel
145:
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3356:Juárez prison
3354:
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3316:Coatzacoalcos
3314:
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3291:San Sebastián
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3158:Wide Receiver
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2753:
2751:
2748:
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2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:Other cartels
2726:
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2058:
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2051:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:Juárez Cartel
2022:
2018:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1975:
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1957:
1951:
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1946:
1944:
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1289:
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1284:
1283:El Economista
1279:
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1219:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1190:
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1123:
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1103:
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1043:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1003:
999:
994:
978:
974:
973:
968:
961:
954:
950:
944:
934:
927:
923:
919:
916:
912:
907:
900:
895:
888:
883:
867:
863:
857:
843:on 2009-10-11
842:
838:
831:
829:
827:
819:
814:
812:
803:
801:9781859841396
797:
793:
788:
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774:
772:
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746:
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736:
732:
726:
724:
722:
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707:
705:
697:
692:
690:
688:
686:
670:
666:
659:
657:
652:
642:
641:
637:
635:
632:
631:
625:
623:
617:
615:
610:
608:
607:Juárez Cartel
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
552:
548:
544:
543:Pacific coast
540:
536:
533:. Meanwhile,
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
482:
480:
475:
470:
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454:
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446:Camarena was
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Caribbean Sea
386:
382:
378:
377:United States
373:
371:
367:
366:well drilling
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
330:
328:
325:regrouped in
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
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296:
292:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:La Federación
209:
205:
201:
197:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
172:Sonora Cartel
169:
168:Juárez Cartel
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
26:
3510:War on Drugs
3487:
3476:Other topics
3437:Other topics
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3326:Cieneguillas
3251:2011 Durango
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3130:Quintana Roo
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3095:Kruz Control
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2810:
2749:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2591:
2584:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2423:
2400:
2393:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2324:
2317:
2306:
2283:
2275:
2268:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2162:
2155:
2091:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1947:
1940:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1772:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1626:Mexican Navy
1616:Mexican Army
1589:
1575:
1498:
1478:
1458:
1449:
1433:
1411:
1397:
1373:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1316:The Guardian
1314:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1281:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1215:
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1184:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1078:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1019:
1009:
1001:
993:
981:. Retrieved
970:
960:
943:
933:
925:
906:
894:
882:
870:. Retrieved
865:
856:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
785:
759:. Retrieved
755:
673:. Retrieved
668:
638:
618:
611:
574:
570:
556:
490:
483:
466:
448:interrogated
445:
425:
374:
363:
355:cannabinoids
346:
331:
318:
317:" (Spanish:
289:
207:
195:
193:
79:
3385:(DEA agent)
3346:Las Tinajas
3286:2014 Iguala
3165:Xcellerator
3102:Lince Norte
2780:Nueva Plaza
2765:Los Viagras
2750:Guadalajara
2238:Gente Nueva
2231:Armed wings
2133:Armed wings
2037:Armed wings
1902:Gulf Cartel
1692:Armed wings
1424:Works cited
1327:23 February
938:2012-03-31.
527:Gulf Cartel
405:Cali Cartel
345:" (meaning
334:plantations
216:drug cartel
182:Gulf Cartel
156:Cali Cartel
3558:Categories
3520:Narco tank
3409:(US agent)
3306:Minatitlán
3296:Topo Chico
3231:Nuevo León
3088:Jump Start
3039:Blue Storm
3032:Black Swan
3010:Operations
2986:Shadowfire
2944:Operations
2755:Los Negros
2248:Los Ántrax
1920:Los Metros
1509:1437744516
1445:0684853434
1294:August 12,
1261:August 12,
1133:La Jornada
847:2009-08-18
761:2010-09-21
675:2009-08-20
647:References
595:Rio Grande
495:drug lords
462:Costa Rica
351:pollinated
343:sinsemilla
210:(Spanish:
36:Founded by
3301:Salamanca
3226:Chihuauha
3208:Massacres
3191:Massacres
3109:Michoacán
3074:Escorpión
3046:Chihuahua
2979:Gunrunner
2760:Los Rojos
2454:Los Zetas
1925:Los Rojos
1574:Names in
1228:August 9,
1195:August 9,
1159:BBC Mundo
1032:August 9,
983:August 9,
583:turboprop
474:ice picks
457:Michoacán
440:Chihuahua
311:treasurer
264:Chihuahua
240:Colombian
236:marijuana
122:Ethnicity
116:Zacatecas
92:Chihuahua
76:Territory
71:1980–1989
31:1978-1980
3331:Irapuato
3266:Altamira
3256:Coahuila
3236:Guerrero
3151:Terminus
3000:Wildfire
2972:Delirium
2965:Coronado
2957:Projects
2941:Projects
2568:Founders
2465:Founders
2361:Founders
2262:Founders
2149:Founders
2053:Founders
2044:La Línea
1934:Founders
1913:Factions
1814:Founders
1713:Founders
1591:Timeline
1321:Archived
1288:Archived
1255:Archived
1222:Archived
1189:Archived
1026:Archived
977:Archived
918:Archived
913:(2000),
872:29 April
628:See also
487:Acapulco
387:and the
383:through
347:seedless
3336:Camargo
3311:Uruapan
3271:Apodaca
3137:Sinaloa
3123:Phalanx
2775:Noreste
2770:Milenio
2740:Caborca
2603:Leaders
2511:Leaders
2412:Leaders
2299:Leaders
2174:Leaders
2085:Leaders
1959:Leaders
1766:Leaders
1576:italics
1353:4 April
1164:11 June
1138:11 June
1112:11 June
1086:11 June
1058:11 June
928:, 2(11)
926:Variant
563:cocaine
559:Ojinaga
479:Zapopan
428:torture
385:Florida
370:bribery
323:Sinaloa
280:Sinaloa
272:Tijuana
268:Sinaloa
248:Jalisco
232:cocaine
200:Spanish
126:Mexican
100:Nayarit
96:Sinaloa
88:Tijuana
84:Jalisco
80:Mexico:
28:Founded
3365:Deaths
3351:Celaya
3194:Deaths
3144:Solare
3060:Coyote
3025:Bishop
2795:Sonora
2785:Oaxaca
2745:Colima
1506:
1485:
1466:
1442:
1385:
1004:, 2013
951:
798:
733:
603:Cancún
587:heroin
505:. The
499:region
491:plazas
434:agent
276:Juárez
260:Sonora
256:Colima
226:, and
178:Rivals
144:Allies
112:Sonora
108:Colima
3450:Books
3434:Books
1416:2015.
1185:Nexos
575:socio
453:rebar
357:like
1504:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1440:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1355:2022
1329:2014
1296:2013
1263:2013
1230:2013
1197:2013
1166:2014
1140:2014
1114:2014
1088:2014
1060:2014
1034:2013
985:2013
949:ISBN
874:2023
796:ISBN
731:ISBN
537:and
379:was
307:MFJP
297:and
278:and
266:and
234:and
194:The
792:349
591:FBI
432:DEA
413:DFS
359:THC
186:DEA
3560::
1448:.
1381:.
1379:47
1363:^
1346:.
1319:.
1313:.
1280:.
1253:.
1247:.
1220:.
1214:.
1183:.
1104:.
1077:.
1051:.
1024:.
1018:.
1000:,
975:.
969:.
924:,
864:.
825:^
810:^
794:.
770:^
754:.
742:^
718:^
703:^
684:^
667:.
655:^
624:.
609:.
513:.
274:,
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258:,
254:,
250:,
222:,
202::
114:,
110:,
106:,
102:,
98:,
94:,
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50:,
46:,
42:,
1558:e
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1512:.
1491:.
1472:.
1405:.
1391:.
1357:.
1331:.
1298:.
1265:.
1232:.
1199:.
1168:.
1142:.
1116:.
1090:.
1062:.
1036:.
987:.
955:.
876:.
850:.
804:.
764:.
737:.
678:.
198:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.