307:, museums were all in the hopeless state of desolation in which they were left by the earthquake. Bits of roof hanged down the outsides of the walls and the footway was littered with heaps of stucco ornaments and shattered cornices. A payment of some hundred dollars would secure that a house that had been marked as unsecure with a black cross was then dimmed as done with its necessary repairs, allowing the owners to leave the houses empty and in ruins. But it was at the cemetery that the utter devastation was most evident: all was demolished on the night of the earthquake and it was said that something like eight thousand dead were literally shaken from their graves, threatening pestilence to the city and forcing the authorities to burn all of them in a gigantic bonfire. The dark cavities of the empty tombs were still opened in 1920 and no attempt had been made to restore the cemetery to its original condition. The tomb guarded by the Augustine monk mentioned by Salazar in 1896 was completely destroyed and by its unique characteristics was pictured in 1918 to illustrate the effects the earthquake had on the cemetery.
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with debris and dust from the recent earthquakes; the dust was so fine that it was impossible to avoid it from going into ones clothes, mouth, nose and even skin pores. Visitors like himself developed respiratory diseases until their bodies got used to this dust. Streets did not have any pavement left and only one in three house were inhabited as the rest had been partially ruined.
187:
20.000 m not counting its annex, "La Isla". It had perfectly aligned streets bordered by lines of fine wood trees and luxurious tombs were built by the most important sculptors of the time. The cemetery was one of the first public buildings to have electric lights and the niches were in a solid front wall that had seven hundred and fifty meters in length.
220:; they described several tombs of famous characters of the time. Among the ones mentioned in that article that have survived earthquakes and other natural disasters are: Venancio Barrios tomb, which has a sculpture of the general, recently killed by enemy fire while an angel looks into the distance; general
157:
299:
where he witnessed that both cities were in total disarray after their destruction by earthquakes in 1773 and 1917–18, respectively. While
Antigua Guatemala ruins were mostly abandoned since the 18th century, and were then partially inhabited by poor Indian families, Guatemala City was still filled
369:
On 27 May 2015 a large mudslide on the edge of the
Cemetery destroyed 18 tombs, who went down a ravine which is constantly eroded by a raw sewage that flows underneath. Numerous people promptly started the procedures to move their loved ones to a different location, before they lose them in another
186:
When it was almost ready to open in 1881 most of the bodies from the San Juan de Dios
Cemetery were transferred to the new one; once most of the remains had moved, the new cemetery was officially opened to the public. Originally, the cemetery was built with perfect symmetry and it had an area of
464:
that tried to establish a
Central American Union by force y died in the attempt. When in power, stimulated Guatemalan economy by promoting coffee plantations; he accomplished this by expropriating native land and creating regulations that forced most natives to work almost for free in those
190:
In 1882, a report presented by the secretary of the San Juan de Dios
Hospital, which was in charge of the cemetery said that the hills were going to be used as a labyrinth surrounded by an outer street where the most exclusive tombs would be built.
183:, separated from the rest of that Mayan city by a ravine. The hills surrounded and old field that might have been used to play ceremonial ball, although its space seems too long and narrow based on other ball fields found in different Maya cities.
333:
Hill #2 was cleverly used in the beginning, but it was gradually destroyed later when stairs were added to improve access to it and the monument of the cadets shot in 1908 following the assassination attempt on then president
357:, were inscribed in a memorial on the wall given the impossibility of bringing his remains back to Guatemala. By the end of the 20th century, all the letters from the memorial had been stolen, the tombstones were marked with
203:– former president of Guatemala – were transferred to this cemetery from his humble tomb in the old one; his new resting place was inside a majestic monument in his honor. House representative and public speaker
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tomb and monument; and the tomb of
Agripina de Sánchez, mother of former Secretary of Public Education of Justo Rufino Barrios, Delfino Sánchez. At the end of their article, they describe the tomb of general
140:, it never recovered its old splendor; originally it was exclusive for the elites and presidents, but gradually the eight Mayan hills that form it were invaded without any urban plan, like what happened with
198:
to build his majestic tomb, which was unveiled on 2 April 1892, the seventh anniversary of his death. The inside of the Mayan hill was emptied to form the tomb. On 30 June 1894, the remains of general
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also talks about a curious tomb guard by an
Augustine monk who read avidly a Holy book; they only mentioned that it belong to a Belgian immigrant that made a large fortune after arriving to Guatemala.
1265:
Ramírez Rodríguez, Oscar
Enrique (2009). Profesora María Chinchilla Recinos: centenario de su nacimiento (2 September 1909 – 2 September 2009) (Report) (in Spanish). Guatemala: USAID. p. 56.
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353:–who died in New York in 1868 whose remains were brought back to Guatemala in 1968 – and poet Domingo Estrada – who died in Paris in 1901 – are interred there. Other famous writers, like
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in 1878. It was opened to the public in 1881 even though it was not completed yet. Within the cemetery there are eight Mayan hills that were part of
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De facto president of
Guatemala between 1871 and 1873. On 27 May 2015 a mudslide at one section of the cemetery put his tomb in jeopardy.
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mayor from 1970 to 1974. He fought hardly and strongly for social justice in
Guatemala but was assassinated in 1979. He was uncle of
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253:"La Isla" ("The Island"), annex that was used for the poor citizens. This is how it looked like before the 1917–18 earthquakes.
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Agripina de Sánchez tomb as seen in 2014; built in 1892 is one of the most representative and best preserved of the Cemetery.
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The earthquakes started on 17 November 1917 and continued on December 25 and 29 and then on 3 and 24 January 1918. In 1920,
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The General Cemetery was built in a place that was known as "Potrero de Garcia", which was purchased by the government of
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342:
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1210:
Navarrete Cáceres, Carlos (2001). "Evidencias arqueológicas en el Cementerio General de la ciudad de Guatemala".
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In 1960 a wing for the famous intellectuals that died overseas was built on Hill #5. Unfortunately, given the
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down in April 1920. He then continued his quest against the de facto regime of general
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La Patria del Criollo, Ensayo de interpretación de la realidad colonial guatemalteca
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mudslide. Among the monuments in peril of fall into the abyss is former president's
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student body president. He was murdered by the government on 20 October 1978 in
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Had an active and decisive role in the civic unrest that lead to bring president
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in 1908 following an assassination attempt against him. Built in 1920 on Hill #2.
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1111:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Universidad Francisco Marroquín. Facultad de Educación.
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Disparos en la obscuridad. El Asesinato del presidente José María Reina Barrios
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Guatemala, la historia silenciada. 1944–1989. Parte I: Revolución y Liberación
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1149:(in Spanish). Vol. Tomo III. Guatemala: Tipografía Sánchez y de Guise.
659:", was one of the best army officers under the orders of president general
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Between two continents, notes from a journey in Central America, 1920
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Monument to the military cadets that were shot by order of president
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1260:. Londres, Inglaterra: E. Nash and Grayson, Ltd. pp. 148–209.
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monument and tomb on Hill #1. It was built by his widow in 1892.
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published an article about the General Cemetery on November 1,
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arrived to Guatemala as part of a trip he was making through
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pronounced the official speech prior to the solemn ceremony.
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Known in Guatemala as "Mariscal Zavala" and the "Guatemalan
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Anales de la Academia de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala
487:(PGT) who strongly fought of Human Rights in Guatemala as
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President of Guatemala from 24 May 1865 to 29 June 1871.
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and was one of the 311 citizens that requested president
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One of the best known and beloved writers of Guatemala.
976:
1303:"Derrumbe en Cementerio General destruye 18 mausoleos"
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El capítulo de las efemérides: Golpe de Estado de 1839
1084:"El Cementerio General, otra víctima de los derrumbes"
681:
British citizen of Swiss descent who killed president
601:. His remains were brought back to Guatemala in 1968.
194:
Hill #1 was chosen by friends and family of president
1165:"Viejos datos reverdecen la leyenda: Martí y la Niña"
550:. When she died at 18 years old, Cuban poet and hero
229:, which was built by his widow and children in 1892.
1277:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
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while serving as Central American Ambassador to the
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1154:Hernández de León, Federico (30 April 1959).
1077:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional.
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361:and the whole section was in total disarray.
275:in 1896. It was completely destroyed by the
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1384:Buildings and structures completed in 1881
1301:Sánchez, G.; Hernández, M. (27 May 2015).
1205:(in Spanish). México: Ediciones en Marcha.
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303:Public buildings, schools, churches, the
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1296:(7). Guatemala: Síguere, Guirola y Cía.
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1234:(in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from
1090:(in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from
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1284:"Una excursión al país de los muertos"
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349:, the wing was slowly abandoned; only
1282:Salazar, Ramón A. (1 November 1896).
489:University of San Carlos of Guatemala
1127:. Guatemala: Artemis & Edinter.
1074:Historia de la medicina en Guatemala
285:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
633:Army officer and liberal politician
575:Army officer and liberal politician
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132:was built in 1880, during general
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1389:1880 establishments in Guatemala
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569:García Granados y Zavala, Miguel
539:García Granados y Saborío, María
485:Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo
311:Modifications to the Mayan hills
261:"La Isla" after the earthquakes.
31:
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458:Army general and liberal leader
130:Guatemala City General Cemetery
19:Guatemala City General Cemetery
1107:Fernández Ordóñez, R. (2009).
617:Historian, writer and diplomat
1:
1082:El Periódico (10 June 2015).
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672:Zollinger, Edgar August James
144:itself after the 1917–18 and
1167:(in Spanish). Archived from
1158:. Guatemala: Diario La Hora.
1123:Los Presidentes de Guatemala
1071:Asturias, Francisco (1902).
972:Sánchez & Hernández 2015
652:Army Marshall and politician
409:Secretary of Defense during
279:as shown in this photograph.
7:
1289:La Ilustración Guatemalteca
1228:"Autobiografía fotográfica"
1143:Hernández de León, Federico
474:Castañeda de León, Oliverio
406:Army colonel and politician
272:La Ilustración Guatemalteca
213:La Ilustración Guatemalteca
10:
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1147:El Libro de las efemérides
584:Irrisarri, Antonio José de
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590:Army officer and diplomat
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338:was placed on top of it.
245:1917 Guatemala earthquake
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683:José María Reina Barrios
351:Antonio José de Irisarri
1374:Cemeteries in Guatemala
1358:Guatemala City Cemetery
1337:2027/inu.30000132543574
1311:(in Spanish). Guatemala
1199:Martínez Peláez, Severo
1163:Martínez, M.B. (n.d.).
445:to resign in May 1944.
347:Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes
136:presidency. Ruined by
1232:Blog de Jorge Palmieri
1055:Fernández Ordóñez 2009
1043:Hernández de León 1959
995:Hernández de León 1930
953:Navarrete Cáceres 2001
938:Navarrete Cáceres 2001
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836:Navarrete Cáceres 2001
794:Navarrete Cáceres 2001
756:Navarrete Cáceres 2001
637:President of Guatemala
629:Ubico Castañeda, Jorge
610:Milla y Vidaurre, José
554:wrote his famous poem
548:Miguel García Granados
501:Cerna y Cerna, Vicente
480:Student body president
462:President of Guatemala
435:Manuel Estrada Cabrera
426:Azmitia González, José
415:President of Guatemala
372:Miguel García Granados
355:Enrique Gómez Carrillo
336:Manuel Estrada Cabrera
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327:Manuel Estrada Cabrera
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222:Miguel García Granados
201:Miguel García Granados
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160:Venancio Barrios tomb.
1329:Artículos y discursos
523:Lawyer and politician
519:Colom Argueta, Manuel
454:Barrios, Justo Rufino
417:from 1951 to 1954.
400:Árbenz Guzmán, Jacobo
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239:1917–1918 earthquakes
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63:1917–1918 (destroyed)
1360:at Wikimedia Commons
1189:: CS1 maint: year (
1007:Martínez Peláez 1990
695:Notes and references
685:on 8 February 1898.
557:La Niña de Guatemala
546:Daughter of general
413:presidency and then
227:Justo Rufino Barrios
196:Justo Rufino Barrios
177:Justo Rufino Barrios
169:Justo Rufino Barrios
134:Justo Rufino Barrios
891:, pp. 167–179.
737:Architecture portal
648:Zavala, José Víctor
639:from 1931 to 1944.
439:José María Orellana
277:1917–18 earthquakes
138:1917–18 earthquakes
103:14.6228°N 90.5314°W
99: /
73:Ciudad de Guatemala
923:Prins Wilhelm 1922
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889:Prins Wilhelm 1922
391:Brief description
345:against president
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218:Día de los Muertos
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985:, pp. 54–68.
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411:Juan José Arévalo
293:Antigua Guatemala
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108:14.6228; -90.5314
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507:Army marshall
506:
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495:main square.
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465:plantations.
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1328:
1313:. Retrieved
1308:Prensa Libre
1306:
1293:
1287:
1274:
1256:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:the original
1231:
1218:. Guatemala.
1215:
1211:
1202:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:the original
1155:
1146:
1122:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1092:the original
1088:El Periódico
1087:
1073:
1064:Bibliography
1050:
1038:
1031:Martínez n.d
1026:
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
955:, p. 23
940:, p. 13
884:
879:, p. 98
877:Salazar 1896
860:Spínola 1897
855:
850:, p. 12
843:
801:
796:, p. 15
777:, p. 96
775:Salazar 1896
751:
623:Main street
612:(Salomé Jil)
555:
531:Alvaro Colom
513:Main avenue
368:
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317:Kaminal Juyú
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181:Kaminal Juyú
174:
129:
127:
122:Renacimiento
1019:Gaitán 1992
983:Sabino 2007
838:, p. 8
675:(1876–1898)
614:(1822–1882)
587:(1786–1868)
572:(1809-1878)
504:(1815-1885)
477:(1955–1978)
443:Jorge Ubico
403:(1913–1971)
388:Occupation
106: /
81:Coordinates
52:Established
1368:Categories
1134:8489452253
744:References
657:D'Artagnan
552:José Martí
468:Hill N.°1
315:See also:
94:90°31′53″W
91:14°37′22″N
1242:21 August
1175:20 August
543:Socialite
394:Location
1327:(1897).
1273:(2007).
1254:(1922).
1226:(2007).
1201:(1990).
1185:cite web
1145:(1930).
1119:(1992).
688:La Isla
666:Hill #5
593:Died in
359:graffiti
210:In 1896
68:Location
1098:10 June
604:Hill#5
305:theater
152:History
47:Details
1315:27 May
1131:
678:Farmer
1216:LXXVI
385:Name
119:Style
1317:2015
1244:2014
1191:link
1177:2014
1129:ISBN
1100:2015
295:and
128:The
1333:hdl
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1187:}}
1183:{{
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997:.
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