78:
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that Mxtabs has accounted for as much as $ 3,000 a month in sheet music sales, and offers many tablatures that are not published in sheet music, so Mxtabs and similar sites are the only place that musicians can find a way to play these songs (other than figuring the songs out for themselves). The letter concludes by pointing out that nobody has shown that tablature renditions are illegal, then requesting that sheet-music companies contact Mxtabs to create a system of tablature licensing.
410:
36:
216:
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1055:(MPA), initiating the removal of unlicensed guitar tablature from websites. The MPA had been pushing for websites offering free tablature to license or be shut down. MPA president Lauren Keiser said that their goal is for owners of free tablature services to face fines and even imprisonment. Several websites that offered free tablature have taken their tablature off-line until a solution or compromise is found. One of the proposed solutions is an
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descending in pitch order to the low "E" string on the bottom. Other tablature is written the other way, with the string closest to the ceiling (the low "E") on top and the one closest to the floor (the high "e") on the bottom. To avoid confusion, tablature writers will often write the pitches to the left of the tablature so the reader knows the convention being used.
347:
books and websites. Tab may be given as the only notation (as with chord tab in songbooks that only include lyrics and chords), or, as with guitar solo transcriptions, tab and standard notation may be provided. Sheet music consisting of tablature is sometimes referred to as "tabs." The same style of tablature is also used for other fretted instruments such as the
1098:
In light of the legal questions surrounding user-created online guitar tablature, a number of companies have been formed that claim to offer consumers legal online tablature, which has been officially licensed from songwriters and/or music publishers. These companies offering legal content generally
1172:
GuitarTabs.com has been contacted by the NMPA and MPA with similar copyright infringement allegations. The NMPA and MPA have also threatened Guitar Tab
Universe with similar legal action. A copy of the certified letter received by the site owner, along with a brief note similar to the one posted on
346:
Guitar tablature is used for acoustic and electric guitar (typically with 6 strings). A modified guitar tablature with four strings is used for bass guitar. Guitar and bass tab is used in pop, rock, folk, and country music lead sheets, fake books, and songbooks, and it also appears in instructional
1120:
Mxtabs.net closed because of copyright-holder complaints. However, as of 23 February 2006, the owners of Mxtabs put the website back online with a letter explaining their position. In short, they believe that the purpose of Mxtabs is to "...aid musicians in learning their instruments." They claim
1103:
Websites that offer "professionally-created" content: These websites typically hire professional musicians to transcribe songs into guitar tablature, and generally charge anywhere from $ 0.99 to $ 6.99 for the ability to purchase legal pieces of guitar tablature. These websites also claim to have
1133:
sites, MXTabs.net users are encouraged to create, edit, rate, and review their own tablature interpretations of their favourite songs. However, unlike other user-generated content sites, only songs that have received explicit permission from participating copyright owners will be made available
990:
To indicate the beat, in the arrow system the length of the arrow may be varied. However, the more popular method is to use a slightly simplified rhythm-symbol notation, such as "o" for a semibreve, // for a minim, "/" for a crotchet, "." for quavers, and place them above the characters, while
1107:
Websites that offer "user-created" tablature, but have obtained the proper legal clearances to post these transcriptions online. There are several websites that fall into this second category, which generally do not charge consumers for using these user-created tablature pieces, and share any
366:
for the high E string. Tab lines may be numbered 1 through 6 instead, representing standard string numbering, where "1" is the high E string, "2" is the B string, etc. Also, the order of lines is not standardized. Some tablature is written in pitch order, with the high "e" string on top, and
994:
For chords, the numbers to play are shown, so, for example: a C major (CEG) chord (on a C diatonic instrument): 456e
However, they may simplify it, especially when playing blues. For chords, it was common to just play three or two holes instead (sometimes even just one), especially when the
370:
The numbers that are written on the lines represent the fret used to obtain the desired pitch. For example, the number 3 written on the top line of the staff indicates that the player should press down at the third fret on the high E (first string). Number 0 denotes the
203:, tablature is instead operationally based, indicating where and when a finger should be placed to generate a note, so pitch is denoted implicitly rather than explicitly. Tablature for plucked strings is based upon a diagrammatic representation of the strings and
1042:
5 6 -6 -6 5 6 -6 -6 Oh the shark has pretty teeth, dear -4 -5 -6 -6 -4 -5 -6 And he shows them pearly white 6 -7 -8 7 -7 -6 7 -4 Just a jack knife has MacHeath, dear 5 -5 7 -4 7 -7 -6 And he keeps it out of
1090:. The agreement included rights for lyrics display, title search and tablature display with download and print capabilities. HFA's over 44,000 represented publishers have the opportunity to opt into the licensing arrangement with UG.
1124:
On 29 February 2008, MXTabs.net relaunched as the first legitimately licensed site designed to provide musicians with access to free tablatures, while also compensating music publishers and songwriters for their
1154:
866:
Guitar tablature is not standardized and different sheet-music publishers adopt different conventions. Songbooks and guitar magazines usually include a legend setting out the convention in use.
1169:
or pay royalties to the original composers. MuSATO claims to be educational by classifying users downloading tablatures as "music students" and transcribers as "music teachers".
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instrument is not of the same key. For example, in the blues progression in G (G G G G7 C C G G D7 D7 G G) it is common to use a C diatonic instrument, and notate the following:
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219:
French
Renaissance style lute tablature, with corresponding notation for guitar (with capo on third fret or tuned up a minor third): a simple Renaissance dance, printed by
207:
of the instrument, keyboard tablature represents the keys of the instrument, and woodwind tablature shows whether each of the fingerholes is to be closed or left open.
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1157:(MuSATO) to attempt to reposition themselves from an illegal-copyrighted-materials provider to an "education provider". MuSATO's main objective is to use
904:, starting on the note above. No explanation is given for the unusual beaming or the significance (if any) of where note-length symbols are repeated.
238:
Lowercase letters or "glyphs" are placed on each of these lines to represent notes. If it is required to play an open D course, for instance, a small
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and copyright owners. In addition, there are now a number of "legal" services offering guitar tablature that have been licensed by music publishers.
869:
The most common form of lute tablature uses the same concept but differs in the details (e.g., it uses letters rather than numbers for frets). See
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The breath indicator may be placed right next to the hole number, or below the number. The same is true for bending or button-press indicators.
391:
of the chord, chord notation is also usually relative to a capo, so chords played with a capo are transposed. Chords may also be notated with
896:
The standard notation shown in the illustration is also taken from de
Scellery; no explanation is given for the slur-like symbol; the comma (
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acquired the proper licenses to display this tablature online. Several websites in this first category specifically cater to guitarists.
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F____________________ D____________________ A____________________ F____________________ D____________________ A____________________
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2 = blow the 2 hole -2 = draw the 2 hole <2 = blow the 2 hole with the button in <-2 = draw the 2 hole with the button in
1185:(OLGA) is another tablature site that has been removed after receiving letters from lawyers representing the NMPA and the MPA.
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One site, MetalTabs.com, contacts the bands themselves for permission to post tablature. Few bands have declined the request.
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134:. Tablature was common during the Renaissance and Baroque eras, and is commonly used today in notating many forms of music.
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e|---0---1---3--- B|---0---1---0--- G|---1---2---0--- D|---2---3---0--- A|---2---3---2--- E|---0---1---3--- E F G
1318:
Laute und
Lautenmusik bis zur Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der deutschen Lautentabulatur
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2 = blow the 2 hole -2 = draw the 2 hole -2' = draw the 2 hole with a half bend -2" = draw the 2 hole with a full bend
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321:
947:
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1320:(Publikationen der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft. Beihefte 3. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel, 1901), 76 seq.
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285:: glyphs are placed below the staff. These courses are tuned in accordance with the key of each piece played:
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To indicate button-press on a chromatic instrument, a similar indication to first-level bending may be used.
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F______a________ D______a________ A______a________ F______a________ D______a________ A______a________ D- ///a
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2128:
1992:
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The following examples are labelled with letters on the left denoting the string names, with a lowercase
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is said to have invented it. It was used in German-speaking countries until the end of the 16th century.
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Further symbols to indicate note lengths may be used along the top of the tablature, examples include:
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files can be written (somewhat laboriously) with any ordinary word processor or text editor, using a
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1937:
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379:, the numbers always indicate the number of frets from the capo, and not from the nut (thus, it is
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There are many harmonica tablature systems in use. The easiest tablature system works like this.
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indicating instrument fingering or the location of the played notes rather than musical pitches.
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represents the rhythm and duration of each note and its pitch relative to the scale based on a
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in a segment entitled "Music
Industry Goes after Guitar Tablature Websites" on 7 August 2006.
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font such as 'Courier New' so that characters maintain vertical alignment across all strings.
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1150:(NMPA) and the MPA "on the basis that sharing tablature constitutes copyright infringement".
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380:
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is a table or slate, in Latin. To tabulate something means to put it into a table or chart.
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1059:, which allows the widespread reproduction of digital copyrighted works while still paying
8:
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Unbent Bent lv1 Bent lv2 Bent lv3 3i (B) 3i| (Bb) 3i|| (A) 3i||| (G#)
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Various computer programs are available for writing tablature; some also write lyrics,
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will be placed on the appropriate line. For a note with the finger on the first fret a
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On 17 July 2006, Guitar Tab
Universe (GTU) posted a letter on its home page that its
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Websites that index other tablature resources, and offer unique formatting options.
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Tablature can use various lines, arrows, and other symbols to denote various
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Music in the
Western World: A History in Documents, Study Guide. 2nd Edition
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1086:(UG), a Russian free tablature website, entered a licensing agreement with
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When circles are used to indicate fingering, sounded notes are white, an
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1206: – Full musical score showing each part on a separate line or staff
1165:. By claiming to be an educational provider, they do not have to obtain
375: — that is, an open string. If music is to be played using a
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is the first known tablature in Europe, used for notating music for the
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F_____c___ D_____a___ A_____b___ F_____c___ D_____a___ A_____b___ G - a
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In response, GTU's site owner(s) immediately created a website named
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The strings below the sixth course are notated with additional short
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would represent a G-minor chord (on a
Renaissance lute in G-tuning),
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was not used since it was not considered a separate letter from
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can be traced back well into the 15th century. Blind organist
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advertising revenue with music publishers and/or songwriters.
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By early 2006, an unprecedented legal move was taken by the
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hold bend; also acts as connecting device for hammers/pulls
266:
or the third letter of the Greek alphabet, Γ (gamma). Thus:
1672:
1217:
315:
204:
116:
108:
1331:"Elton John - Saturday Nights Alright for Fighting (Bass)"
387:, a letter above or below the tablature staff denotes the
1226: – Form of musical notation for keyboard instruments
1070:
1436:
1027:(2 3) = blow the 2 hole and the 3 hole at the same time
1541:
1234:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1208:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1093:
1146:
had been jointly threatened with legal action by the
1199:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1024:
chords are shown by grouping notes with parentheses
89:(1554). Red numerals (original) mark the vocal part.
1220: – Bar across the neck of stringed instruments
275:All open strings would represent a D-minor chord:
141:were used in Europe: German, Spanish and Italian.
2210:
148:from tablature, the former is usually called "
1621:
1274:
748:on rhythm slash represents single note slash
1316:(Wittenberg 1529), quoted in: Oswald Körte,
1252: – Japanese plucked stringed instrument
85:tablature from the book "Orphenica Lyra" by
1036:Here is an example of harmonica tablature:
978:For example, on a "C" diatonic instrument:
946:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2183:
1628:
1614:
1411:"Fretbase, Can Guitar Tablature Go Legit?"
1173:Mxtabs, has been posted on their website.
870:
966:Learn how and when to remove this message
892:Musette tablature from Borjon de Scellery
1275:Weiss, Piero; Taruskin, Richard (2014).
1161:as their rationale to publish tablature
887:
408:
403:The chords E, F, and G as an ASCII tab:
330:, chord symbols, and/or staff notation.
316:Computer programs for writing tablatures
295:
291:
288:G- a F- /a E- //a D- ///a C- 4 B- 5 A- 6
226:
214:
210:
76:
738:on rhythm slash represents muted slash
14:
2211:
1457:
1385:
1246: – Visual representation of music
1155:Music Student and Teacher Organization
1137:
907:
880:is grey, and a sounded root is black.
399:Examples of guitar tablature notation:
1609:
1148:National Music Publishers Association
1069:The tablature debate was featured on
1635:
1408:
1345:Ultimate Guitar Chords: First Chords
1094:Rise of legal guitar tablature sites
944:adding citations to reliable sources
911:
883:
250:, etc. However, as mentioned above,
29:
1525:Guitar Tab Universe MPA allegations
1312:(Basel 1511), and Martin Agricola,
341:
24:
1364:Don Latarski, Aaron Stang (1993).
201:twelve tone division of the octave
25:
2230:
1560:
322:List of guitar tablature software
111:stringed instruments such as the
2193:
2192:
2182:
1386:Youngs, Ian (12 December 2005).
916:
34:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1474:
1458:Arnold, Chris (7 August 2006).
1057:alternative compensation system
1046:
900:) is explained as indicating a
164:originates from the Latin word
1585:Bass guitar tablature category
1451:
1429:
1413:. Fretbase.com. Archived from
1402:
1379:
1358:
1337:
1323:
1302:
1268:
1030:Chromatic Harmonica tablature
246:, a note on the second fret a
152:notation" or just "notation".
13:
1:
1314:Musica instrumentalis deudsch
1261:
1232: – Music notation system
1115:
1018:Diatonic Harmonica tablature
1002:G7 chord (G-B–D-F): 45i (DF).
1538:"The On-line Guitar Archive"
1099:fall into three categories:
1053:Music Publishers Association
1039:"Mack the Knife" C Diatonic
155:
7:
1993:History of music publishing
1366:Practical Theory for Guitar
1188:
1176:
383:into the capoed key). For
190:
47:to comply with Knowledge's
10:
2235:
1513:Guitar Tab Universe letter
991:spacing them accordingly.
645:(also written as _ and .)
319:
175:
2198:Category:Musical notation
2178:
2142:
2064:Numbered musical notation
2016:
1983:
1863:
1855:Scientific pitch notation
1746:
1643:
1567:Guitar tablature category
999:G chord (G-B-D): 34i (BD)
705:tremolo arm inverted dip
535:(sometimes written as ~)
146:standard musical notation
1845:Helmholtz pitch notation
1576:Banjo tablature category
413:Tablature for guitar in
300:Types of lute tablatures
107:Tablature is common for
100:for short) is a form of
60:may contain suggestions.
45:may need to be rewritten
27:Form of musical notation
2188:List of musical symbols
2059:Nashville Number System
1011:-A-C): 4i (D) or 4e (C)
675:dip; n = amount to dip
262:often looked more like
1738:Transposing instrument
1409:Dave (5 August 2008).
1343:Latarski, Don (1999).
1183:On-line Guitar Archive
1131:user generated content
893:
850:Note tied to previous
422:
301:
232:
224:
90:
1594:Polyphone Tabulaturen
1127:intellectual property
891:
412:
328:guitar chord diagrams
306:German lute tablature
299:
292:German lute tablature
230:
218:
211:French lute tablature
80:
1494:on 28 September 2011
1281:. Cengage Learning.
940:improve this section
588:artificial harmonic
429:techniques, such as
2084:Percussion notation
1308:Sebastian Virdung,
1204:Digital sheet music
1197: – file format
1138:Guitar Tab Universe
908:Harmonica tablature
87:Miguel de Fuenllana
81:Example of numeric
1598:in German language
1417:on 23 January 2013
1224:Keyboard tablature
1167:publication rights
1082:On 10 April 2010,
894:
423:
302:
233:
225:
221:Pierre Attaingnant
123:, as well as many
91:
2206:
2205:
2150:Mensural notation
1374:978-0-89898-692-1
1353:978-0-7692-8522-1
1256:Trumpet tablature
976:
975:
968:
884:Musette tablature
864:
863:
764:
763:
685:tremolo arm down
419:standard notation
417:shown underneath
197:standard notation
75:
74:
49:quality standards
16:(Redirected from
2226:
2219:Musical notation
2196:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2049:Graphic notation
1713:Rehearsal letter
1637:Musical notation
1630:
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1616:
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1606:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1540:. Archived from
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1503:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1487:. Archived from
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1310:Musica getutscht
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1244:Musical notation
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1200:
1129:. As with other
1088:Harry Fox Agency
1010:
1009:
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960:
957:
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920:
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728:(louder/softer)
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342:Guitar tablature
102:musical notation
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18:Guitar tablature
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2003:Music publisher
1998:Music engraving
1979:
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1850:Letter notation
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1439:. metaltabs.com
1437:"metaltabs.com"
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1230:Klavar notation
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1084:Ultimate Guitar
1076:Morning Edition
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695:tremolo arm up
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631:tremolo picking
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599:tapped harmonic
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492:bend string up
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415:standard tuning
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304:The origins of
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181:Organ tablature
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144:To distinguish
139:organ tablature
137:Three types of
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1561:External links
1559:
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1544:on 24 May 2012
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1482:"harryfox.com"
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1213:Drum tablature
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1163:free of charge
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2170:Transcription
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2165:Sight-reading
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2160:Perfect pitch
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2034:Chord diagram
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2024:Braille music
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2017:Other systems
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1005:D7 chord (D-F
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925:This section
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812:Quarter note/
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558:legato slide
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2073:
2069:Klavarskribo
2044:Figured bass
1918:Appoggiatura
1865:Articulation
1663:Abbreviation
1603:
1597:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:the original
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1489:the original
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1460:"NPR report"
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:"BBC report"
1381:
1365:
1360:
1344:
1339:
1325:
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1313:
1309:
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1292:. Retrieved
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1123:
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1047:Legal issues
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993:
989:
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953:
938:Please help
926:
901:
897:
895:
878:assumed root
875:
868:
865:
860:Note dotted
839:Acciaccatura
825:Eighth note/
775:Note Length
765:
726:volume swell
568:shift slide
424:
402:
398:
397:
369:
363:
361:
345:
325:
305:
303:
283:ledger lines
280:
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143:
136:
130:such as the
106:
97:
93:
92:
66:October 2023
63:
54:You can help
44:
2155:Music stand
2029:Chord chart
2008:Scorewriter
1985:Sheet music
1783:Dotted note
1718:Repeat sign
1693:Ledger line
1498:16 December
1466:16 December
1443:16 December
1394:16 December
1061:songwriters
902:tremblement
785:Whole note/
673:tremolo arm
643:palm muting
545:right hand
522:slide down
2129:Shakuhachi
2104:Ekphonetic
2089:Simplified
2054:Lead sheet
1928:Grace note
1793:Note value
1788:Grace note
1756:Accidental
1390:. BBC News
1262:References
1116:Mxtabs.net
798:Half note/
759:pick slide
655:No chord:
458:Technique
435:hammer-ons
381:transposed
336:monospaced
320:See also:
185:pipe organ
166:tabulatura
128:aerophones
2124:Swaralipi
2114:Kunkunshi
2074:Tablature
2039:Eye music
1923:Glissando
1898:Fingering
1683:Dal segno
1462:. Npr.org
1421:30 August
1368:, p.6-7.
1239:Kunkunshi
1195:ASCII tab
927:does not
787:semibreve
512:slide up
469:hammer on
443:pull-offs
389:root note
332:ASCII tab
162:tablature
160:The word
156:Etymology
132:harmonica
125:free reed
94:Tablature
58:talk page
2213:Category
2134:Znamenny
1975:Tonguing
1960:Staccato
1913:Ornament
1888:Dynamics
1840:Interval
1803:Notehead
1778:Cue note
1250:Shamisen
1189:See also
1177:OLGA.net
1159:fair use
1134:online.
1008:♯
956:May 2018
814:crotchet
721:<>
580:harmonic
578:natural
481:pull off
353:mandolin
191:Concepts
2143:Related
2109:Gamelan
2099:Chinese
2079:Parsons
1950:Portato
1933:Mordent
1908:Marcato
1893:Fermata
1883:Damping
1878:Caesura
1835:Tremolo
1766:natural
1678:Da capo
1548:11 June
1347:, p.5.
948:removed
933:sources
533:vibrato
357:ukulele
176:History
121:vihuela
109:fretted
83:vihuela
1965:Tenuto
1903:Legato
1873:Accent
1830:Tuplet
1589:Curlie
1580:Curlie
1571:Curlie
1372:
1351:
1294:7 June
1285:
827:quaver
772:Symbol
610:trill
455:Symbol
447:slides
439:trills
427:legato
385:chords
355:, and
258:, and
231:Tuning
195:While
170:Tabula
113:guitar
56:. The
2119:Neume
1943:Trill
1938:Slide
1825:Tacet
1815:Pitch
1771:sharp
1723:Tempo
1708:Scale
1703:Ossia
1645:Staff
1492:(PDF)
1485:(PDF)
1043:sight
871:above
800:minim
657:tacet
431:bends
349:banjo
205:frets
150:staff
1955:Slur
1820:Rest
1808:stem
1798:beam
1761:flat
1698:Mode
1673:Clef
1550:2012
1500:2011
1468:2011
1445:2011
1423:2024
1396:2011
1370:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1296:2018
1283:ISBN
1218:Fret
1181:The
931:any
929:cite
661:rest
651:N.C.
620:tap
594:n(n)
377:capo
117:lute
96:(or
1970:Tie
1668:Bar
1587:at
1578:at
1569:at
1144:ISP
1073:'s
1071:NPR
942:by
754:·/.
701:/n\
668:\n/
659:or
547:tap
373:nut
119:or
98:tab
2215::
1658:15
873:.
691:n/
681:\n
638:PM
626:TP
606:tr
445:,
441:,
437:,
433:,
421:.
395:.
359:.
351:,
168:.
115:,
1653:8
1629:e
1622:t
1615:v
1600:)
1596:(
1552:.
1527:.
1515:.
1502:.
1470:.
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1398:.
1376:.
1355:.
1333:.
1298:.
969:)
963:(
958:)
954:(
950:.
936:.
898:,
856:.
846:-
834:a
821:E
808:Q
794:H
781:W
744:o
734:x
711:=
616:T
574:*
564:S
554:s
541:t
528:v
518:\
508:/
498:r
488:b
476:p
464:h
364:e
264:r
260:c
256:i
252:j
248:c
244:b
240:a
223:.
68:)
64:(
51:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
