1704:. They arranged for the final distribution of the total demand in joint villages among the shareholders, and in simple villages from the individual cultivators. The sub-divisional officer presented a statement of the accounts of the villages in his sub-division to the district officer, whose record of the revenue of his whole district was in turn forwarded to the head revenue officer at court. As a check on the internal management of his charge, and especially to help him in the work of collecting the revenue, with each district governor was associated an accountant. Further that each of these officers might be the greater check on the other, Ahmad Shah I enforced the rule that when the governor was chosen from among the royal slaves the accountant should be a free man, and that when the accountant was a slave the district governor should be chosen from some other class. This practise was maintained till the end of the reign of Muzaffar Sháh II, when, according to the
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1960:'s son erected a mausoleum and mosque in his honor. Sultan Mahmud Begada, enamored with the site as a summer retreat, expanded it with additional structures such as a small mosque, mausoleum, and palaces, alongside the water tank. Spanning 72 acres, it comprised these edifices, as well as gardens teeming with flowering plants and fruit trees. Serving as a focal point of royal life, it hosted gatherings, religious ceremonies, and spiritual discussions within its palaces, pavilions, and water tanks.
1708:, the army became much increased, and the ministers, condensing the details of revenue, farmed it on contract, so that many parts formerly yielding one rupee now produced ten, and many others seven eight or nine, and in no place was there a less increase than from ten to twenty per cent. Many other changes occurred at the same time, and the spirit of innovation creeping into the administration the wholesome system of checking the accounts was given up and mutiny and confusion spread over Gujarát.
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1643:. Their chief duties were to preserve the peace and to collect the revenue. For the maintenance of order, a body of soldiers from the army headquarters at Áhmedábád was detached for service in each of these divisions, and placed under the command of the district governor. At the same time, in addition to the presence of this detachment of regular troops, every district contained certain fortified outposts called
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or crown domain administered directly by the central authority; the other, on payment of tribute in service or in money, left under the control of its former rulers. The amount of tribute paid by the different chiefs depended, not on the value of their territory, but on the terms granted to them when
1719:
is a
Persian work on the complete history of Gujarat Sultanate written by Sikandar, son of Muhammad aka Manjhu, son of Akbar who wrote it soon after Akbar conquered Gujarat. He had consulted earlier works of history and the people of authority. Other Persian works of the history of Gujarat Sultanate
751:
with the help of the
Bahmani Sultan Ahmad Shah ravaged Nandurbar. But Ahmad Shah's army defeated the Bahmani army and they fled to Daulatabad. The Bahmani Sultan Ahmad Shah sent strong reinforcements and the Khandesh army also joined them. They were again defeated by the Gujarat army. Finally, Ahmad
1619:
kings. The revenue consisted, as before, of a share of the crops received in kind, supplemented by the levy of special cesses, trade, and transit dues. The chief's share of the crops differed according to the locality; it rarely exceeded one-third of the produce, it rarely fell short of one-sixth.
698:
appointed Malik
Mufarrah, also known as Farhat-ul-Mulk and Rasti Khan governor of Gujarat in 1377. In 1387, Sikandar Khan was sent to replace him, but he was defeated and killed by Farhat-ul-Mulk. In 1391, Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq appointed Zafar Khan, the son of Wajih-ul-Mulk as
1651:
s subordinate to the district governor. They were garrisoned by bodies of local soldiery, for whose maintenance, in addition to money payments, a small assignment of land was set apart in the neighbourhood of the post. On the arrival of the tribute-collecting army the governors of the districts
1351:
After few months, Sikandar Sháh was murdered by a noble Imád-ul-Mulk, who seated a younger brother of
Sikandar, named Násir Khán, on the throne with the title of Mahmúd Shah II and governed on his behalf. Other son of Muzaffar Shah II, Bhadur Khan returned from outside of Gujarat and the nobles
1260:
But within a short period of seven or twenty-seven days, the nobles deposed Daud Khan and set on the throne Fath Khan, son of
Muhammad Shah II. Fath Khan, on his accession, adopted the title Abu-al Fath Mahmud Shah, popularly known as Mahmud Begada. He expanded the kingdom in all directions. He
1886:. They are often in pairs flanking the main entrance, mostly rather thin and with elaborate carving at least at the lower levels. Some designs push out balconies at intervals up the shaft; the most extreme version of this was in the lost upper parts of the so-called "shaking minarets" at the
1638:
s. These districts were administered in one of two ways. They were either assigned to nobles in support of a contingent of troops, or they were set apart as crown domains and managed by paid officers. The officers placed in charge of districts set apart as crown domains were called
1894:. This carving draws on the traditional skills of local stone-carvers, previously exercised on Hindu temples in the Māru-Gurjara and other local styles. The Gujarat Sultans built lavishly, particularly in the capital, Ahmedabad. The sultanate commissioned mosques such as the
665:. This claim of the sultans' links with the solar lineage is not found very often in texts and inscriptions they patronised. Although Sikandar does not state the Tanks were Rajputs, Misra suggests that the Tanks were probably considered ignoble Rajputs. American historian
707:(r. 1403–1404). He marched towards Delhi, but on the way he was poisoned by his uncle, Shams Khan. After the death of Muhammad Shah, Muzaffar was released from the prison and he took over the control over administration. In 1407, he declared himself as Sultan
1652:
through which it passed were expected to join the main body with their local contingents. At other times the district governors had little control over the feudatory chiefs in the neighbourhood of their charge. The
Gujarat Sultanate had comprised twenty-five
1688:. These sub-divisional officers realised the state demand, nominally one-half of the produce, by the help of the headmen of the villages under their charge. In the sharehold and simple villages of North Gujarát these village headmen were styled
3181:
Ahmedabad in
Gujarat received its great congregational mosque in 1423, though it had been a province of Delhi since 1297. It was built by Ahmad Shah, a converted Rajput, who, when governor, declared the province an independent sultanate in
1299:
and
Gujarat sultanates and took Mahmud Shah II of Malwa captive. Muzaffar Shah sent an army to Malwa but their service was not required as Rana Sanga had generously restored Mahmud Shah II to the throne.However,Rana Sanga defeated
699:
governor of
Gujarat and conferred him the title of Muzaffar Khan (r. 1391–1403, 1404–1411). In 1392, he defeated Farhat-ul-Mulk in the battle of Kamboi, near Anhilwada Patan and occupied the city of Anhilwada Patan.
702:
In 1403, Zafar Khan's son Tatar Khan urged his father to march on Delhi, which he declined. As a result, in 1408, Tatar imprisoned him in
Ashawal (future Ahmedabad) and declared himself sultan under the title of
1492:. Muzaffar Shah III was taken prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general
3068:
The latter sultanate was founded by a former Tughluq governor, perhaps from a family of Punjabi Khatri converts, who took the title Muzaffar Shah in the early fifteenth century but reigned for only a short
727:
was faced with a rebellion of his uncles. The rebellion was led by his eldest uncle Firuz Khan, who declared himself king. Ultimately Firuz and his brothers surrendered to him. During this rebellion Sultan
1429:
of Khandesh as his successor, but he died on his way to Gujarat. Finally, the nobles selected Mahmud Khan, the son of Bahadur's brother Latif Khan as his successor and he ascended to the throne as
3309:
The Mirat-i-Sikandari: A History of Gujarat from the Inception of the Dynasty of the Sultans of Gujarat to the Conquest of Gujarat by Akbar of Shaikh Sikandar ibn Muhammad urf Manjhu ibn Akbar
530:, Delhi was devastated and its rule weakened considerably, leading Muzaffar Shah to declare himself independent in 1394, and formally established the Sultanate. The next sultan, his grandson
3092:
Similarly, Zaffar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign Muslim but a Khatri convert, of low subdivision called Tank, originally from southern Punjab.
1615:
The internal management of the feudatory states was unaffected by their payment of tribute. Justice was administered and the revenue collected in the same way as under the
1437:
succeeded him but now the reigns of the state were controlled by the nobles who divided the kingdom between themselves. He was assassinated in 1561. He was succeeded by
1340:. Rana Sanga later invaded Gujarat and plundered the Sultanate's treasuries, greatly damaging its prestige, Sanga also annexed northern Gujarat and appointed one of his
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The two brothers were chaudharis of a rather numerous agrarian community, tilling the soil, not high in the caste hierarchy but not without strength in the neighborhood
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802:(r. 1442–1451) first led a campaign against Idar and forced its ruler, Raja Hari Rai or Bir Rai to submit to his authority. He then exacted tribute from the Rawal of
601:. In 1583, he escaped from the prison, and with the help of the nobles, succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's minister
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joined him. Bahádur marched at once on Chámpáner, captured and executed Imád-ul-Mulk and poisoning Násir Khán ascended the throne in 1527 with the title of
1882:, roofs, doors, minarets and facades. In the 15th century, the Indo-Islamic style of Gujarat is especially notable for its inventive and elegant use of
814:
forced him to retreat. On the return journey, he fell seriously ill and died in February 1451. After his death, he was succeeded by his son Qutb-ud-Din
1608:
they agreed to become feudatories of the king. This tribute was occasionally collected by military expeditions headed by the king in person and called
661:, who was a contemporary of Gujarat Sultans, Sadhāran was a Khatri of the Tank subdivision and had a long list of ancestors that eventually traced to
1370:
744:
and occupied Sultanpur and Nandurbar. Gujarat army defeated them and later Ahmad Shah led four expeditions into Malwa in 1419, 1420, 1422 and 1438.
3876:
3042:
Firuzšāh Shah Toḡloq (752–90/1351–88) appointed as governor of Gujarat one of his most trusted lieutenants, Ẓafar Khan I, a Punjabi Khatri convert.
1344:
vassals to rule there. The invasion of Rana weakened Gujarat, however after Rana Sanga's death, the sultans of Gujarat freed their kingdom from
1251:
711:, took the insignia of royalty and issued coins in his name. After his death in 1411, he was succeeded by his grandson, the son of Tatar Khan,
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1425:, the fugitive Mughal prince made his claim on the ground that Bahadur's mother adopted him as her son. The nobles selected Bahadur's nephew
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s, varying in number according to the character of the country and the temper of the people. These posts were in charge of officers called
855:
653:. However, Aparna Kapadia states that Sahāran (Sadhāran), the father of Zafar Khan, was a Tank Rajput who lived in Thanesar in modern-day
474:
1418:
and fell. Bahadur Shah regained the kingdom in 1536 but he was killed by the Portuguese on board the ship when making a deal with them.
1348:
and grew even more powerful as they sacked Chittor fort in 1535. He died on 5 April 1526 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Sikandar.
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in 1538. Mahmud Shah III had to battle with his nobles who were interested in independence. He was killed in 1554 by his servant.
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These men, a certain Saharan and his brother Sadhu, were, mostly likely peasants or pastoralists, non-Muslim Tank Rajputs from
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the Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of their ancestors having once been Hindu 'Tanks', a branch of Khatris.
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and the combined Kathiawar forces in 1591 to protect him. He finally committed suicide when he was surrendered to the Mughal.
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3892:"Mirat-i-Sikandari as a Source for the Study of Cultural and Social Condition of Gujarat under the Sultanate (1403-1572)"
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The Muslim Diaspora – A comprehensive reference to the spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the America, 570–1799
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simply described Zafar Khan being the son of a "peasant convert to Islam", with historians such as V. K. Agnihotri and
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The Áhmedábád kings divided the portion of their territory which was under their direct authority into districts or
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3484:"The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat. A history of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442. [With a map.] | WorldCat.org"
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expanded his kingdom and made expeditions to help neighbouring kingdoms. In 1532, Gujarat came under attack of the
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who were agriculturists by profession but could also muster thousands of fighting men on their call. Delhi Sultan
3995:
3151:
Zafar Khan (entitled Muzaffar Shah) himself was a convert to Islam from a sub-caste of the Khatris known as Tank.
467:
787:(1423) in Ahmedabad were built during his reign. Sultan Ahmad Shah died in 1443 and succeeded by his eldest son
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3582:. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. I(II). The Government Central Press. pp. 210–212, 236–270.
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forced to join wars alike came from these places. Its stealth specialists performed several duties including
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The distinctive Indo-Islamic architecture style of Gujarat drew micro-architectural elements from earlier
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Zafar Khan was not a foreign Muslim. He was a convert to Islam from a sect of the Khatris known as Tank.
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For fiscal purposes each district or sarkár was distributed among a certain number of sub-divisions or
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The independent kingdom of Gujarat was founded by Zafar Khan, son of Sadharan, a Jat convert to Islam.
1963:
Indo-Islamic architecture style of Gujarat presages many of the architectural elements later found in
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was killed by the Portuguese while making a deal in 1537. The end of the sultanate came in 1573, when
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invaded Gujarat. He was repelled this time but he invaded again in 1417 along with Nasir Khan, the
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834:'s attempt to overthrow him. After death of Ahmad Shah II in 1458, the nobles raised his uncle
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From some parts the chief's share was realised directly from the cultivator by agents called
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It is said that Zafar Khan's father Wajih-ul-Mulk (Saharan) and his brother were influential
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155:
3576:"MUSALMÁN GUJARÁT. (A.D. 1297–1760): Introduction) and II. Áhmedábád King. (A.D. 1403–1573."
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Zafar Khan, a son of Rajput convert to Islam was appointed as governor of Gujarat in 1391AD.
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Bahadur had no son, hence there was some uncertainty regarding succession after his death.
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1949:, the 16th century capital of Gujarat Sultanate, documents the early Islamic and pre-
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African Samurai: The True Story of Yasuke, a Legendary Black Warrior in Feudal Japan
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Eighteenth-century Gujarat : the dynamics of its political economy, 1750-1800
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Medieval India (From Sultanat to the Mughals), PART ONE Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526)
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chieftains. The prosperity of the sultanate reached its zenith during the rule of
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1265:, which literally means the conqueror of two forts, probably after conquering
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306:
118:
4163:: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research. pp. 50–136.
810:, but the ruler of Champaner, Raja Kanak Das, with the help of Malwa Sultan
630:
3483:
3123:
The rise of Muslim power in Gujarat; a history of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442
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2478:
2407:
2319:
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2248:
1931:
1911:
1255:
Location of the Gujarat Sultanate and neighbouring polities, circa 1500 CE.
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1101:
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729:
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361:
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In Praise of Kings Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat
3911:"A Self-Conscious Art? Seeing Micro-Architecture in Sultanate South Asia"
3898:. Vol. X. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. pp. 235–240.
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1935:
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1027:
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Across the Green Sea: Histories from the Western Indian Ocean, 1440–1640
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1802: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Khalil Khan, son of Mahmud Begada succeeded his father with the title
4160:
3030:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 385–390.
2498:
1616:
1603:
Gujarát was divided politically into two main parts; one, called the
1496:
in January 1584. He fled and finally took asylum under Jam Sataji of
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1270:
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807:
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216:• Declared independence from Delhi Sultanate by Muzaffar Shah I
98:
94:
3665:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (d).
2940:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (f).
1777:
3341:
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2287:
1760:. Other important work in Arabic about history of Gujarat includes
1626:; from other parts the collection was through superior landowners.
1527:
1325:
1313:
741:
134:
1488:
annexed Gujarat in his empire in 1573 and Gujarat became a Mughal
4159:]. Research Series - Book No. 71 (in Gujarati). Vol. V.
4134:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3589:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1981:
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as his capital.The victory brought Rajputs within day's march of
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138:
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1969:
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annexed the Gujarat Sultanate into his empire. The last ruler,
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attacked Gujarat in 1535 and briefly occupied it, during which
543:
3363:
Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region
3256:
Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region
3100:
Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region
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s and in the simple villages of the south they were known as
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898:
757:
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3126:. Internet Archive. New York, Asia Pub. House. p. 137.
3311:. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Press. p. 6.
1975:
1454:
1329:
861:
662:
598:
4107:. Vol. XXI. Mumbai: Royal Asiatic Society of Bombay.
511:, the Governor of Gujarat, declared independence from the
3728:
4157:
Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era
3704:
3692:
3028:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XI/4: Greece VIII–Hadith II
2932:
For a map of their territory, under "Ahmad Shahis" see:
1449:
Muzaffar Shah III's army was legendary in some parts of
4051:
History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.
3570:
1930:
and Pattharwali Masjid, as well as structures such as
1621:
1276:
767:
At the beginning of his reign, he founded the city of
633:
and S.C. Misra, Zafar Khan was from the Tank (Persian
3763:. CUP Archive. 26 July 2017 – via Google Books.
1477:
work and skirmish combat. Many stealth warriors were
3716:
3380:
3283:
The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: c. 700–1800 CE
3596:
3521:
1530:and gunpowder artillery extensively, following the
1522:The Gujarat Sultanate was the second empire in the
3956:"The Shaking Minarets at Ahmedabad, drawn in 1809"
1359:
4152:ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ
3136:Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India
818:(r. 1451–1458). Ahmad Shah II defeated Khilji at
4182:
4093:Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.)
2030:Pavagadh Mosque, built by Sultan Mahmud Begada
657:. According to Shaikh Sikandar Ibn Muhammad's
51:
4141:
3799:
3761:"The Cambridge History of the British Empire"
2990:
2905:
2126: – Pre Urban Harappan Sindh Type Pottery
1404:Portuguese depiction of the Sultan of Gujarat
794:
585:would become a Portuguese colony, thereafter
554:chieftains and built a navy off the coast of
468:
35:
3875:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3658:
3636:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 709-23
3623:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 157-60
3239:. McFarland & Company Inc. p. 275.
3046:
2933:
1744:about Muzaffar Shah II's conquest of Mandu,
1504:was fought between the Mughal forces led by
3896:Journal Of Oriental Institute Baroda Vol.10
3753:
3750:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 167-9
3689:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 162-7
3649:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 160-1
3518:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 155-7
3366:. Cambridge University Press. p. 120.
3103:. Cambridge University Press. p. 120.
3077:Indo-Islamic society: 14th – 15th centuries
2994:Gir Forest and the Saga of the Asiatic Lion
2986:
2984:
1953:city that has remained without any change.
1308:around the same time and Conquered Much of
507:. The kingdom was established in 1394 when
3286:. Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
2912:
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1979:(perforated screens carved in stone), and
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74:
37:
23:Late medieval kingdom in India (1394–1573)
4047:
3710:
3698:
3425:
3328:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.
3259:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.
3056:. University of Texas Press. p. 60.
1862:Learn how and when to remove this message
3908:
3767:
3205:Sadharan a Rajput who converted to Islam
2981:
1663:
1399:
1369:
1336:and made them contender of supremacy of
1273:forts. Mahmud died on 23 November 1511.
503:, primarily in the present-day state of
4020:. Worldheritagesite.org. Archived from
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3399:Eaton, Richard M. (17 September 2019).
3359:
3321:
3306:
3252:
3232:
3209:
3193:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 218.
3186:
3139:. Oxford University Press. p. 57.
3096:
4183:
4100:
4089:
4068:
3734:
3722:
3602:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3527:
3402:India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765
3169:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 142.
3017:
1947:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
1237:
1226:
1215:
1204:
1184:
1173:
1162:
1126:
1117:
1025:
956:
945:
838:, son of Ahmad Shah I, to the throne.
4072:History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537
4010:
3998:from the original on 3 September 2019
3889:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3510:
3508:
3452:
3398:
3386:
3162:
3119:
1711:
1680:s, each under a paid official styled
1386:. He was killed fighting against the
1193:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1054:
1043:
998:
934:
925:
916:
905:
879:
870:
3279:
3132:
3073:
2967:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 498.
2960:
1956:Upon his passing at the age of 111,
1800:adding citations to reliable sources
1771:
1511:
1444:
1295:of Chittor defeated a joint army of
1063:
1034:
1016:
1007:
987:
976:
967:
859:
4075:. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
3533:
2961:Dhir, Krishna S. (1 January 2022).
2954:
1277:Muzaffar Shah II and his successors
890:
822:. He helped Firuz Khan ruling from
13:
3842:
3788:
3777:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan,
3740:
3679:
3639:
3608:
3505:
3344:in northwestern India (modern-day
2964:Urdu: A Multidisciplinary Analysis
2636:Medieval and early modern periods
14:
4207:
4169:
4104:The Coins Of The Gujarat Saltanat
3353:
1762:Zafarul-Walih bi Muzaffar wa Alih
1598:
1587:
1316:and he bestowed it to his Vassal
775:(the great city) on the banks of
673:even writing that Sadhāran was a
4147:Shastri, Hariprasad Gangashankar
4129:
4054:Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
4048:Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002).
3662:A Historical atlas of South Asia
3659:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
3584:
2997:. Indus Publishing. p. 14.
2937:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2934:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2023:
2018:Tomb of Sikandar Shah of Gujarat
2011:
1999:
1776:
1724:about reign of Muzaffar Shah I,
1575:
1563:
1551:
1542:
1390:in 1537; (Illustration from the
1283:Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat
854:
841:
311:
286:
272:
4040:
3980:
3971:
3949:
3909:LAMBOURN, ELIZABETH A. (2010).
3902:
3883:
3836:
3652:
3626:
3476:
3446:
3419:
3392:
1787:needs additional citations for
1767:
1694:or according to Muslim writers
1360:Bahadur Shah and his successors
718:
685:
4176:Coins of the Gujarat Sultanate
3315:
3300:
3273:
3156:
3011:
2926:
2118: – Pre-Prabhas Assemblage
806:. In 1449, he marched against
779:. He shifted the capital from
1:
3894:. In Sandesara, B. J. (ed.).
3847:. Leiden: Brill. p. 10.
3773:Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007).
2647:Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate
2035:
1670:Shams al-Din Muzaffar Shah II
1612:or country-seizing circuits.
1594:Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat
1366:Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts
440:Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate
3992:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
3988:"Historic City of Ahmadabad"
3405:. Univ of California Press.
3018:Hambly, Gavin R. G. (2002).
412:Miran Muhammad Shah I (1537)
7:
3890:Desai, Z. A. (March 1961).
3133:Khan, Iqtidar Alam (2004).
2080:Chalcolithic to Bronze Age
1728:in verse by Hulvi Shirazi,
1622:
583:Bombay, Bassein & Daman
10:
4212:
4143:Parikh, Rasiklal Chhotalal
4090:Sharma, Gopi Nath (1954).
3843:A., Nadri, Ghulam (2009).
3307:Misra, S.C.; Rahman, M.L.
2232: – Prabhas Assemblage
2153: – Micaceous Red Ware
2145: – Reserved Slip Ware
1992:
1656:s (administrative units).
1591:
1515:
1363:
1280:
845:
795:Successors of Ahmad Shah I
723:Soon after his accession,
680:
597:, was taken a prisoner to
569:from the Sultanate in the
499:Islamic Indian kingdom in
80:Gujarat Sultanate in 1525.
15:
4101:Taylor, Georg P. (1902).
3961:25 September 2022 at the
3927:10.1163/22118993_02701007
3456:The Wonder That Was India
3426:Agnihotri, V. K. (1988).
3233:Jenkins, Everett (2010).
3216:. S. Chand. p. 245.
3213:History of Medieval India
2810:Agencies of British India
2240: – Lustrous Red Ware
2182:Indus Valley Civilisation
1876:Maru-Gurjara architecture
1630:Districts and crown lands
608:
603:Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan
327:
251:
241:
237:
224:
214:
210:
202:
198:
183:
168:
164:
154:
144:
125:
105:
85:
73:
68:
36:
30:
3814:. pp. 30, 174–176.
3360:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
3322:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
3253:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
3187:Chandra, Satish (2004).
3097:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
1900:Jama Masjid at Champaner
1896:Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad
1494:Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana
1484:However, Mughal Emperor
1324:under his lordship with
16:Not to be confused with
3746:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3685:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3645:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3632:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3619:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3514:Majumdar, R.C. (2006).
3453:Rizvi, S. A. A (1987).
2519:Chalukyas of Navasarika
1985:(pavilions topped with
1742:Tarikh-i-Muzaffar Shahi
1722:Tarikh-i-Muzaffar Shahi
1396:, end of 16th century).
1376:Bahadur Shah of Gujarat
1261:received the sobriquet
747:In 1429, Kanha Raja of
550:. He also subdued most
538:in 1411. His successor
534:, moved the capital to
185:• 1561–1573, 1584
97:(1411–1484, 1535–1573)
3572:James Macnabb Campbell
3163:Stein, Burton (2010).
3080:. BRILL. p. 143.
2991:Sudipta Mitra (2005).
2006:Jami Mosque, Champaner
1888:Jama Mosque, Ahmedabad
1746:Tarikh-i-Bahadur Shahi
1734:Tabaqat-i-Mahmud Shahi
1673:
1526:to utilize and invent
1502:Battle of Bhuchar Mori
1457:with the exception of
1405:
1397:
409:(1526–1535, 1536–1537)
52:
3120:Misra, S. C. (1963).
2603:(c. 970 – c. 1070 CE)
1892:an earthquake in 1819
1890:, which fell down in
1878:and employed them in
1750:Tabaqat-i-Husam Khani
1738:Maathi-i-Mahmud Shahi
1730:Tarikh-i-Mahmud Shahi
1667:
1403:
1373:
403:Mahmud Shah II (1526)
106:Common languages
4018:"Champaner-Pavagadh"
3812:Hanover Square Press
3280:Wink, André (2020).
3210:Mahajan, VD (2007).
3074:Wink, André (2003).
3048:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay
2553:(c. 690 – c. 940 CE)
2543:(c. 730 – c. 960 CE)
2523:(c. 660 – c. 739 CE)
2513:(c. 580 – c. 738 CE)
2503:(c. 725 – c. 950 CE)
2453:(c. 250 – c. 500 CE)
2091:Chalcolithic Gujarat
1908:Rani Rupamati Mosque
1796:improve this article
1423:Muhammad Zaman Mirza
1252:class=notpageimage|
571:Battle of Diu (1509)
493:Sultanate of Guzerat
32:Sultanate of Gujarat
4069:Chaube, J. (1975).
3748:The Delhi Sultanate
3687:The Delhi Sultanate
3647:The Delhi Sultanate
3634:The Delhi Sultanate
3621:The Delhi Sultanate
3516:The Delhi Sultanate
2569:Rashtrakuta dynasty
2399:(380 BCE – 1299 CE)
1967:, including ornate
1965:Mughal architecture
1940:Dada Harir Stepwell
1811:"Gujarat Sultanate"
1756:by Abu Turab Vali,
1582:Arabic inscriptions
1558:Close up of the gun
1524:Indian subcontinent
1427:Miran Muhammad Shah
771:which he styled as
526:'s invasion of the
4196:History of Gujarat
3737:, p. 132-137.
3580:History of Gujarát
3432:. pp. B-131.
3166:A History of India
2838:Post-independence
2613:(c. 940 – 1243 CE)
2563:(c. 875 – 1472 CE)
2469:Traikutaka dynasty
2432:(312 BCE − 400 CE)
2381:Saurashtra kingdom
2299:Black and Red Ware
2277:Vedic Civilisation
2249:Vedic Civilisation
2136:Black and Red Ware
2110: – Padri Ware
2105:(c. 3950–1900 BCE)
2044:History of Gujarat
1924:Sidi Sayyed Mosque
1916:Sidi Bashir Mosque
1726:Tarik-i-Ahmad Shah
1712:Sources of history
1674:
1406:
1398:
783:to Ahmedabad. The
696:Firuz Shah Tughluq
677:convert to Islam.
615:Muzaffarid dynasty
347:Muzaffarid dynasty
226:• Annexed by
53:Gujarāta Saltanata
18:Kingdom of Gujarat
4191:Gujarat Sultanate
4061:978-81-269-0123-4
4024:on 6 October 2012
3821:978-1-335-14102-6
3800:Lockley, Thomas;
3775:The Mughul Empire
3373:978-1-107-15331-8
3293:978-1-108-41774-7
3176:978-1-4051-9509-6
3146:978-0-19-566526-0
3110:978-1-107-15331-8
3087:978-90-04-13561-1
3063:978-1-4773-2879-8
3037:978-0-933273-66-5
3004:978-81-7387-183-2
2974:978-81-208-4301-1
2922:
2921:
2887:
2886:
2829:
2828:
2821:Bombay Presidency
2737:
2736:
2679:Gujarat Sultanate
2669:Tughlaq Sultanate
2627:
2626:
2609:Chaulukya dynasty
2599:Chalukyas of Lata
2559:Chudasama dynasty
2539:Gurjara-Pratihara
2483:(405 – c. 730 CE)
2443:(c. 119 – 405 CE)
2397:Classical period
2388:
2387:
2310:Painted Grey Ware
2257:
2256:
2071:
2070:
2067:(before 4000 BCE)
2054:(before 4000 BCE)
1872:
1871:
1864:
1846:
1717:Mirat-i-Sikandari
1532:Bahmani Sultanate
1512:Gunpowder weapons
1445:Muzaffar Shah III
1439:Muzaffar Shah III
1306:Battle of Dholpur
762:Bahmani Sultanate
595:Muzaffar Shah III
563:Portuguese Empire
489:Gujarat Sultanate
485:
484:
430:(1561–1573, 1584)
428:Muzaffar Shah III
343:Gujarat Sultanate
337:
336:
323:
322:
319:
318:
299:
298:
194:
190:Muzaffar Shah III
179:
170:• 1407–1411
149:Absolute Monarchy
4203:
4164:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4115:. Archived from
4097:
4096:. S.L. Agarwala.
4086:
4065:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3969:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3874:
3866:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3802:Girard, Geoffrey
3797:
3786:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3751:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3656:
3650:
3643:
3637:
3630:
3624:
3617:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3568:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3488:www.worldcat.org
3480:
3474:
3473:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3250:
3230:
3207:
3184:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3130:
3117:
3094:
3071:
3044:
3024:Yarshater, Ehsan
3015:
3009:
3008:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2930:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2849:Saurashtra State
2845:
2844:
2841:
2757:Portuguese India
2753:
2752:
2749:
2746:Colonial period
2658:Khalji Sultanate
2643:
2642:
2639:
2593:(9–10th century)
2589:Western Chalukya
2583:(9–10th century)
2579:Paramara dynasty
2529:Empire of Harsha
2509:Gurjaras of Lata
2449:Vakataka dynasty
2404:
2403:
2400:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2101:Anarta tradition
2087:
2086:
2083:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2040:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1904:Qutbuddin Mosque
1867:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1804:
1780:
1772:
1764:by Hajji Dabir.
1754:Tarikh-i-Gujarat
1740:about Mahmud I,
1625:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1546:
1289:Muzaffar Shah II
1246:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1005:
1003:
996:
994:
985:
983:
974:
972:
965:
963:
954:
952:
943:
941:
932:
930:
923:
921:
914:
912:
903:
901:
895:
888:
886:
877:
875:
868:
866:
858:
800:Muhammad Shah II
789:Muhammad Shah II
773:Shahr-i-Mu'azzam
667:Richard M. Eaton
659:Mirati Sikandari
649:but was born in
540:Muhammad Shah II
477:
470:
463:
392:Muzaffar Shah II
368:Muhammad Shah II
339:
338:
315:
314:
303:
302:
290:
289:
276:
275:
269:
268:
253:
252:
192:
177:
78:
63:
55:
49:
41:
40:
39:
28:
27:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4181:
4180:
4172:
4167:
4149:, eds. (1977).
4130:
4122:
4120:
4119:on 1 March 2017
4083:
4062:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3967:British Library
3963:Wayback Machine
3954:
3950:
3907:
3903:
3888:
3884:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3841:
3837:
3822:
3798:
3789:
3772:
3768:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3745:
3741:
3733:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3713:, pp. 155.
3709:
3705:
3701:, pp. 156.
3697:
3693:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3657:
3653:
3644:
3640:
3631:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3585:
3569:
3534:
3526:
3522:
3513:
3506:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3397:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3358:
3354:
3336:
3320:
3316:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3251:
3247:
3231:
3224:
3208:
3201:
3185:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3131:
3118:
3111:
3095:
3088:
3072:
3064:
3045:
3038:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2931:
2927:
2918:
2889:
2888:
2842:
2839:
2831:
2830:
2788:Princely states
2750:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2640:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2619:Vaghela dynasty
2573:(8–9th century)
2439:Western Satraps
2401:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2361:Dwaraka kingdom
2303:(1300–1000 BCE)
2270:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2243:(1900–1300 BCE)
2235:(2200–1700 BCE)
2227:(2200–1700 BCE)
2219:(1900–1300 BCE)
2208:(2600–1900 BCE)
2204:Mature Harappan
2197:(3300–2600 BCE)
2186:(3300–1300 BCE)
2156:(2600–1600 BCE)
2148:(3950–1900 BCE)
2129:(3000–2600 BCE)
2121:(3200–2600 BCE)
2113:(3600–2000 BCE)
2084:
2082:(4000–1300 BCE)
2081:
2073:
2072:
2056:
2053:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2019:
2016:
2007:
2004:
1995:
1868:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1805:
1803:
1793:
1781:
1770:
1714:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1547:
1520:
1514:
1506:Mirza Aziz Koka
1498:Nawanagar State
1447:
1431:Mahmud Shah III
1368:
1362:
1320:who ruled over
1285:
1279:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
992:
990:
988:
986:
979:
977:
975:
970:
968:
966:
961:
959:
957:
955:
950:
948:
946:
944:
939:
937:
935:
933:
928:
926:
924:
919:
917:
915:
910:
908:
906:
904:
899:
897:
893:
891:
889:
884:
882:
880:
878:
873:
871:
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738:Farooqi dynasty
734:Malwa Sultanate
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705:Muhammad Shah I
688:
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629:. According to
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2450:
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2436:
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1538:Image gallery
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119:Lingua franca
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54:
47:
29:
26:
19:
4156:
4151:
4121:. Retrieved
4117:the original
4103:
4092:
4071:
4050:
4041:Bibliography
4028:23 September
4026:. Retrieved
4022:the original
4012:
4002:26 September
4000:. Retrieved
3991:
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3973:
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2869:Bombay State
2678:
2479:Gupta Empire
2408:Nanda Empire
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1944:
1932:Teen Darwaza
1912:Sarkhej Roza
1873:
1858:
1849:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1806:
1794:Please help
1789:verification
1786:
1768:Architecture
1761:
1757:
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1749:
1745:
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1675:
1672:(1511–1525).
1653:
1648:
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1633:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1521:
1483:
1478:
1448:
1420:
1409:Bahadur Shah
1407:
1391:
1384:Siege of Diu
1382:ally at the
1354:Bahádur Sháh
1350:
1304:of Delhi at
1286:
1262:
1259:
1208:VIJAYANAGARA
1045:
980:
929:PHAGMODRUPAS
798:
772:
766:
746:
730:Hushang Shah
725:Ahmad Shah I
722:
719:Ahmad Shah I
713:Ahmad Shah I
701:
689:
686:Early rulers
658:
642:
638:
634:
621:, a Punjabi
612:
587:Bahadur Shah
560:
532:Ahmad Shah I
521:
492:
488:
486:
407:Bahadur Shah
362:Ahmad Shah I
342:
262:Succeeded by
261:
256:
25:
4123:28 February
4113:2015/104269
3921:: 121–156.
3810:. Toronto:
3735:Chaube 1975
3723:Sharma 1954
3603:Taylor 1902
3528:Taylor 1902
3494:24 February
2873:(1947–1960)
2863:(1947–1956)
2859:Kutch State
2853:(1948–1956)
2825:(1618–1947)
2814:(1819–1947)
2803:(1819–1947)
2799:Residencies
2792:(till 1948)
2781:(1858–1947)
2777:British Raj
2771:(1819–1858)
2767:Company Raj
2761:(1534–1961)
2748:(1819–1961)
2733:(1365–1947)
2729:Cutch State
2703:(1756–1819)
2693:(1573–1756)
2683:(1407–1573)
2673:(1320–1407)
2662:(1298–1320)
2651:(1298–1407)
2638:(1299–1819)
1936:Bhadra Fort
1668:Coinage of
1518:Tiro de Diu
1467:mercenaries
1461:, and free
1312:along with
1291:. In 1519,
828:Rana Kumbha
785:Jami Masjid
671:Abbas Rizvi
645:) caste of
495:was a late
424:(1554–1561)
418:(1537–1554)
394:(1511–1526)
388:(1458–1511)
376:(1451–1458)
370:(1442–1451)
364:(1411–1442)
358:(1407–1411)
257:Preceded by
112:(official)
101:(1484–1535)
92:(1407–1411)
38:سلطنت گجرات
4185:Categories
3830:1091716966
3785:, pp.391-8
3672:0226742210
3387:Misra 1963
2947:0226742210
2330:Epic India
2173:Jorwe Ware
2163:Malwa Ware
2052:Stone Age
2036:References
1958:Ahmed Shah
1852:April 2024
1822:newspapers
1388:Portuguese
1364:See also:
1318:Medini Rai
1293:Rana Sanga
1281:See also:
1197:AHMADNAGAR
863:South Asia
692:Chaudharis
663:Rāmacandra
641:) Khatri (
631:André Wink
619:Zafar Khan
522:Following
145:Government
132:(official)
4161:Ahmedabad
3935:0732-2992
3871:cite book
3863:568402132
3020:"Gujarat"
2499:Saindhava
2288:Janapadas
2266:Iron Age
2063:Stone Age
1686:tahsildár
1617:Chaulukya
1475:bodyguard
1393:Akbarnama
1374:Death of
1271:Champaner
1243:SULTANATE
1232:SULTANATE
1221:SULTANATE
1199:SULTANATE
1168:SULTANATE
1049:SULTANATE
1020:SHEKHAWAT
1011:JAISALMER
993:SULTANATE
962:SULTANATE
951:SULTANATE
940:SULTANATE
911:SULTANATE
883:SULTANATE
836:Daud Khan
820:Kapadvanj
808:Champaner
804:Dungarpur
769:Ahmedabad
740:ruler of
536:Ahmedabad
380:Daud Shah
126:Religion
99:Champaner
95:Ahmedabad
69:1394–1573
3996:Archived
3959:Archived
3943:25769695
3915:Muqarnas
3804:(2019).
3342:Thanesar
3050:(2024).
2667: –
2656: –
2489:Maitraka
2308: –
2297: –
2286: –
2213: –
2202: –
2191: –
2171: –
2161: –
2134: –
2099: –
1982:chattris
1938:and the
1884:minarets
1696:mukaddam
1678:parganáh
1649:thánadár
1610:mulkgíri
1528:firearms
1463:soldiers
1453:and the
1326:Chanderi
1314:Chanderi
1241:GOLKONDA
1188:GONDWANA
1177:GAJAPATI
1157:SUGAUNAS
938:KHANDESH
909:SHAH MIR
826:against
749:Jhalawad
742:Khandesh
577:emperor
565:wrested
497:medieval
242:Currency
135:Hinduism
60:Gujarati
3346:Haryana
3026:(ed.).
2883:(1960–)
2879:Gujarat
2840:(1947–)
2819: –
2808: –
2797: –
2786: –
2720:Gaekwad
2718: –
2708: –
2437: –
2379: –
2369: –
2359: –
2349: –
2339: –
1993:Gallery
1987:cupolas
1970:mihrabs
1836:scholar
1623:mantris
1605:khálsah
1416:Humayun
1380:Ottoman
1346:Rajputs
1219:BIJAPUR
1148:KAMATAS
1085:KARAULI
1047:GUJARAT
1038:BIKANER
1002:AMARKOT
971:ARGHUNS
900:(Babur)
885:(LODIS)
865:1525 CE
832:Chittor
681:History
655:Haryana
579:Humayun
505:Gujarat
203:History
178:(first)
139:Jainism
110:Persian
86:Capital
46:Persian
4079:
4058:
3941:
3933:
3861:
3851:
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1951:Mughal
1880:mihrab
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1660:Fiscal
1654:sarkar
1641:muktiă
1636:sarkár
1500:. The
1479:Habshi
1471:slaves
1469:, and
1451:Africa
1342:Rajput
1267:Girnar
1263:Begada
1210:EMPIRE
1179:EMPIRE
1166:BENGAL
1130:TRIPWA
1121:DIMASA
1103:SIROHI
1067:MARWAR
991:LANGAH
981:KALMAT
920:KANGRA
824:Nagaur
647:Punjab
627:Rajput
623:Khatri
609:Origin
575:Mughal
573:. The
544:Rajput
447:under
400:(1526)
382:(1458)
206:
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160:
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4155:[
3939:JSTOR
3182:1411.
3069:time.
3022:. In
1843:JSTOR
1829:books
1701:Desai
1691:Patel
1645:tháná
1490:subah
1486:Akbar
1459:China
1334:Delhi
1322:Malwa
1310:Malwa
1297:Malwa
1230:BIDAR
1112:VAGAD
1094:MEWAT
1076:AMBER
1058:MEWAR
1029:BUNDI
960:MALWA
949:BERAR
874:DELHI
760:from
758:Mahim
754:Thana
651:Delhi
643:khtry
591:Akbar
524:Timur
517:Delhi
449:Akbar
332:India
228:Akbar
130:Islam
4125:2017
4077:ISBN
4056:ISBN
4030:2012
4004:2019
3931:ISSN
3877:link
3859:OCLC
3849:ISBN
3826:OCLC
3816:ISBN
3779:ISBN
3667:ISBN
3496:2023
3461:ISBN
3434:ISBN
3407:ISBN
3368:ISBN
3330:ISBN
3288:ISBN
3261:ISBN
3241:ISBN
3218:ISBN
3195:ISBN
3171:ISBN
3141:ISBN
3105:ISBN
3082:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3032:ISBN
2999:ISBN
2969:ISBN
2942:ISBN
1976:jali
1945:The
1815:news
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1332:and
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1269:and
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