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1002:. The water from the Persian Gulf has a higher salinity, and therefore exits from the bottom of the Strait, while ocean water with less salinity flows in through the top. Another study revealed the following numbers for water exchanges for the Persian Gulf: evaporation = –1.84 m (6.0 ft)/year, precipitation = 0.08 m (0.26 ft)/year, inflow from the Strait = 33.66 m (110.4 ft)/year, outflow from the Strait = -32.11 m (105.3 ft)/year, and the balance is 0 m (0 ft)/year. Data from different 3D computational fluid mechanics models, typically with spatial resolution of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) and depth each element equal to 1–10 metres (3.3–32.8 ft) are predominantly used in computer models.
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2127:(Euphrates and Tigris), which carry large amounts of sediment (most reef-building corals require strong light) and causes relatively large variations in temperature and salinity (corals in general are poorly suited to large variations). Nevertheless, coral reefs have been found along sections of coast of all countries in the Persian Gulf. Corals are vital ecosystems that support multitude of marine species, and whose health directly reflects the health of the Persian Gulf. Recent years have seen a drastic decline in the coral population in the Persian Gulf, partially owing to
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second most important habitat for the species, hosting some 7,500 remaining dugongs. However, the current number of dugongs is dwindling, and it is not clear how many are currently alive or what their reproductive trend is. Ambitious and uncalculated construction schemes, political unrest, ever-present international conflict, the most lucrative world supply of oil, and the lack of cooperation between Arab states and Iran, have had a negative impact on the survival of many marine species, including dugongs.
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Mangroves' ability to survive the salt water through intricate molecular mechanisms, their unique reproductive cycle, and their ability to grow in the most oxygen-deprived waters have allowed them extensive growth in hostile areas of the
Persian Gulf. However, with the advent of artificial island development, most of their habitat is destroyed, or occupied by man-made structures. This has had a negative impact on the crustaceans that rely on the mangrove, and in turn on the species that feed on them.
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expansion could prove devastating to this subspecies. A UN plan to protect the mangroves as a biological reserve was ignored by the emirate of
Sharjah, which allowed the dredging of a channel that bisects the wetland and construction of an adjacent concrete walkway. Environmental watchdogs in Arabia are few, and those that do advocate the wildlife are often silenced or ignored by developers of real estate many of whom have governmental connections.
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Martin
Blumenson; Robert W. Coakley; Stetson Conn; Byron Fairchild; Richard M. Leighton; Charles V.P. von Luttichau; Martin Blumenson; Robert W. Coakley; Stetson Conn; Byron Fairchild; Richard M. Leighton; Charles V.P. von Luttichau; Charles B. MacDonald; Sidney T. Mathews; Maurice Matloff; Ralph S.
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that flourish in the salt water shallows of the
Persian Gulf, and are the most important habitats for small crustaceans that dwell in them. They are as crucial an indicator of biological health on the surface of the water, as the corals are to biological health of the Persian Gulf in deeper waters.
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in the
Persian Gulf, which require tidal flow and a combination of fresh and salt water for growth, and act as nurseries for many crabs, small fish, and insects; these fish and insects are the source of food for many of the marine birds that feed on them. Mangroves are a diverse group of shrubs and
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Rogan, Eugene; Murphey, Rhoads; Masalha, Nur; Durac, Vincent; Hinnebusch, Raymond (November 1999). "Review of The
Ottoman Gulf: The Creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar by Frederick F. Anscombe; The Blood-Red Arab Flag: An Investigation into Qasimi Piracy, 1797–1820 by Charles E. Davies; The
2056:). Also called "sea cows", for their grazing habits and mild manner resembling livestock, dugongs have a life expectancy similar to that of humans and they can grow up to 3 metres (9.8 feet) in length. These gentle mammals feed on sea grass and are closer relatives of certain land mammals than are
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Portuguese influence in the
Persian Gulf lasted for 250 years; however, since the beginning of the 16th century, Portuguese dominance contended with the local powers and the Ottoman Empire. Following the arrival of the English and the Dutch, the Safavid Empire allied with the newcomers to contest
993:
The
Persian Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz. Writing the water balance budget for the Persian Gulf, the inputs are river discharges from Iran and Iraq (estimated to be 2,000 cubic metres (71,000 cu ft) per second), as well as precipitation over the sea
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were raised by conservationists over real estate development by the United Arab
Emirates and Oman. Estimates from 2006 showed that only three viable nesting sites were available for this ancient bird, one located 80 miles (129 km) from Dubai, and two smaller sites in Oman. Such real estate
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and various other natural and artificial causes. Uncontrolled hunting has also had a negative impact on the survival of dugongs. After
Australian waters, which are estimated to contain some 80,000 dugong inhabitants, the waters off Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, and Saudi Arabia make the Persian Gulf the
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The Achaemenid high naval command had established major naval bases located along Shatt al-Arab river, Bahrain, Oman, and Yemen. The Persian fleet would soon not only be used for peacekeeping purposes along the Shatt al-Arab but would also open the door to trade with India via Persian Gulf.
2304:, is located in the Persian Gulf. Large gas finds have also been made, with Qatar and Iran sharing a giant field across the territorial median line (North Field in the Qatari sector; South Pars Field in the Iranian sector). Using this gas, Qatar has built up a substantial
1487:, which he had taken from the Portuguese in 1615 and had named after himself. The Persian Gulf was therefore opened to a flourishing commerce with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, Spanish and the British merchants, who were granted particular privileges. The
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most of the southern coast. The Persian Gulf is about 56 km (35 mi) wide at its narrowest, in the Strait of Hormuz. Overall, the waters are very shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 metres (295 feet) and an average depth of 50 metres (164 feet).
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but mostly to irresponsible dumping by Arab states like the UAE and Bahrain. Construction garbage such as tires, cement, and chemical by products have found their way to the Persian Gulf in recent years. Aside from direct damage to the coral, the
1996:
are rarer today. Historically, whales had been abundant in the Persian Gulf before commercial hunts wiped them out. Whales were reduced even further by illegal mass hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. Along with
998:. The evaporation of the sea is high, so that after considering river discharge and rain contributions, there is still a deficit of 416 cubic kilometres (100 cu mi) per year. This difference is supplied by currents at the
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where a number of rivers converged. This region may have served as an environmental refuge for early humans during periodic hyperarid climate oscillations. The modern marine Gulf was formed when sea level rose during the early
1348:(Darius I), Persian ships found their way to the Persian Gulf. Persian naval forces laid the foundation for a strong Persian maritime presence in Persian Gulf, that started with Darius I and existed until the arrival of the
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Overall, the wildlife of the Persian Gulf is endangered from both global factors, and regional, local negligence. Most pollution is from ships; land generated pollution counts as the second most common source of pollution.
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creates "traps" for marine life in which they are trapped and die. The result has been a dwindling population of the coral, and as a result a decrease in number of species that rely on the corals for their survival.
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1395:, is an example of such commercial port. Siraf, was also significant in that it had a flourishing commercial trade with China by the fourth century, having first established connection with the far east in 185 AD.
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Sharif Ranjbar S.; Dakhteh S.M.; Waerebeek V.K. (2016). "Omura's whale (Balaenoptera omurai ) stranding on Qeshm Island, Iran: further evidence for a wide (sub)tropical distribution, including the Persian Gulf".
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along the southern coast. Occasional ancient battles took place along the Persian Gulf coastlines, between the Sassanid Persian empire and the Lakhmid Kingdom, the most prominent of which was the invasion led by
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The Persian Gulf is also home to many migratory and local birds. There is great variation in color, size, and type of the bird species that call the Persian Gulf home. Concerns regarding the endangerment of the
1225:) combined with the shallow depth of the Gulf (on average around 35 metres (115 ft) and at max around 100 metres (330 ft) metres depth) most of the Persian Gulf was exposed as dry land, forming a flat
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as weapon in the psychological war with Iran for political influence in the Persian Gulf; but the story of these events belongs to a subsequent chapter on modern political and diplomatic history of the Persian
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may be destroyed. The dolphins that frequent the Persian Gulf in northern waters around Iran are also at risk. Recent statistics and observations show that dolphins are at danger of entrapment in purse
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The Persian Gulf is home to over 700 species of fish, most of which are native. Of these 700 species, more than 80% are reef associated. These reefs are primarily rocky, but there are also a few
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The wildlife of the Persian Gulf is diverse, and entirely unique because of the Persian Gulf's geographic distribution and its isolation from the international waters only breached by the narrow
1614:) while it was flying over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people on board. The United Kingdom maintains a profile in the region; in 2006 alone, over 1 million British nationals visited
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During the years 550 to 330 BC, coinciding with the sovereignty of the Achaemenid Persian Empire over the Middle East area, especially the whole part of the Persian Gulf and some parts of the
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2064:. Their simple grass diet is negatively affected by new developments along the Persian Gulf coastline, particularly the construction of artificial islands by Arab states and pollution from
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In 2002, the Persian Gulf nations of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE produced about 25% of the world's oil, held nearly two-thirds of the world's crude
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by mid-19th century AD. Persians were not only stationed on islands of the Persian Gulf, but also had ships often of 100 to 200 capacity patrolling empire's various rivers including
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province, which are not well understood, but are suspected to be linked with a deteriorating marine environment from water pollution from oil, sewage, and industrial run offs.
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2123:. Compared to the Red Sea, the coral reefs in the Persian Gulf are relatively few and far between. This is primarily connected to the influx of major rivers, especially the
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1669:. The Persian gulf's strategic location has made it an ideal place for human development over time. Today, many major cities of the Middle East are located in this region.
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defines the Persian Gulf's southern limit as "The Northwestern limit of Gulf of Oman". This limit is defined as "A line joining Ràs Limah (25°57'N) on the coast of
1196:, has seen the name "Arabian Gulf" become predominant in most Arab countries. Names beyond these two have also been applied to or proposed for this body of water.
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Xue, Pengfei; Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. (29 January 2015). "Estimation of the Heat and Water Budgets of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf Using a Regional Climate Model".
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and off the coasts in deeper waters, and still migrate into the Red Sea, but mainly in deeper waters of outer seas. In 2017, waters of the Persian Gulf along
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1884:, Persian Gulf is a diverse cradle for many species who depend on each other for survival. However, the Persian Gulf is not as biologically diverse as the
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For most of the early history of the settlements in the Persian Gulf, the southern shores were ruled by a series of nomadic tribes. During the end of the
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Not until the early 1960s does a major new development occur with the adoption by the Arab states bordering on the Persian Gulf of the expression
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maintained varying degrees of political control over some of the Persian Gulf states, including the United Arab Emirates (originally called the
1387:, were important trade routes in the Sassanid Empire. Many of the trading ports of the Persian empires were located in or around Persian Gulf.
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Mavrogordato; Leo J. Meyer; John Miller, Jr.; Louis Morton; Forrest C. Pogue; Roland G. Ruppenthal; Robert Ross Smith; Earl F. Ziemke (1960).
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against the Lakhmids, leading to Lakhmids' defeat, and advancement into Arabia, along the southern shorelines. During the seventh century the
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The dispute in naming has become especially prevalent since the 1960s. Rivalry between Iran and some Arab states, along with the emergence of
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5186:– an online portal providing access to previously undigitised British Library archive materials relating to Gulf history and Arabic science
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Real estate development in the Persian Gulf by the United Arab Emirates and Oman also raised concerns that habitats of species such as the
1061:. Consequently, in the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the "Persian Gulf". In the book of
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At the same period, there is the inscription and engraving of Darius the Great, which belongs to the fifth century BC: King Darius says:
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1523:. The Persian Gulf therefore became a critical maritime path through which the Allies transported equipment to Soviet Union against the
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The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest single source of petroleum, and related industries dominate the region.
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1391:, an ancient Sassanid port that was located on the northern shore of the Persian Gulf, located in what is now the Iranian province of
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1103:). Therefore, when this canal had been dug as I had ordered, ships went from Egypt through this canal to Persia, as I had intended.
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The Persian Gulf is home to many islands such as Bahrain, an Arab state. Geographically, the biggest island in the Persian Gulf is
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nets and exposure to chemical pollutants; perhaps the most alarming sign is the "mass suicides" committed by dolphins off Iran's
2009:, (also historically common in Gulf of Aden and increasingly sighted in the Red Sea since 2006, including in the Gulf of Aqaba),
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2759:"A model of the general circulation in the Persian Gulf and in the Strait of Hormuz: Intraseasonal to interannual variability"
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used Iran as a conduit to transport military and industrial supply to the USSR, through a pathway known historically as the "
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2001:, these once common residents can still can be seen in deeper marginal seas such as Gulf of Aden, Israel coasts, and in the
977:. Persian Gulf islands are often also historically significant, having been used in the past by colonial powers such as the
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refer to it as the Arabian Gulf or The Gulf, and other countries and organizations have begun using Arabian Gulf. The name
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in Kuwait, dating to the mid-sixth millennium BC, when the Gulf was part of an extensive trade network that involved the
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was prevalent until the 19th century. Many of the most notable historical instances of piracy were perpetrated by the
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reasserted itself into Eastern Arabia in 1871. Under military and political pressure from the governor of the Ottoman
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5078:"Expression of mangrove allene oxide cyclase enhances salt tolerance in Escherichia coli, yeast, and tobacco cells"
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The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the fall of Baloch state Por Naseer Dashti
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1602:. The United States' role in the Persian Gulf grew in the second half of the Twentieth Century. On July 3, 1988,
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tribe submitted peacefully to Ottoman rule. The Ottomans were forced to withdraw from the area with the start of
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Thomas Pohl; Sameh W. Al-Muqdadi; Malik H. Ali; Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi; Hermann Ehrlich; Broder Merkel (2014).
2329:. Iraq's egress to the Persian Gulf is narrow and easily blockaded, consisting of the marshy river delta of the
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1221:), due to lowered sea levels (reaching around 125 metres (410 ft) metres below present values during the
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4204:. The Marine Science and Fisheries Center in the Ministry of Fisheries Wealth. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
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ruled the northern half and at times the southern half of the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf, along with the
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Between 625 BC and 226 AD, the northern side was dominated by a succession of Persian empires including the
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civilization. For a long time, the most important settlement on the southern coast of the Persian Gulf was
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1876:. The Persian Gulf has hosted some of the most magnificent marine fauna and flora, some of which are near
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1519:". Britain utilized the Persian Gulf as the entry point for the supply chain in order to make use of the
1234:, from around 12,000 to 6,000 years ago. The flooding of the Gulf may have stimulated the development of
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History of the United Arab Emirates#The pearling industry and the Portuguese empire: 16th - 18th century
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Map depicting extent of early civilizations around the Persian Gulf, including Lackhmids and Sassanids.
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The 24-meters Blue Whale Skeleton at the Educational Science Museum in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
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Juan R. I. Cole (1987). "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300–1800".
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The Mission of the Portuguese Augustinians to Persia and Beyond (1602–1747) Por John M. Flannery
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408:). Its length is 989 kilometres (615 miles), with Iran covering most of the northern coast and
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This inland sea of some 251,000 square kilometres (96,912 sq mi) is connected to the
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3496:"Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC"
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1069:(300 BC), the word "Persikon kolpos" is mentioned for multiple times meaning "Persian gulf".
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2934:"Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam"
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Before being given its present name, the Persian Gulf was called many different names. The
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Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam
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The case shows how alive the history of British colonial rule still is in the Gulf today
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Pernetta, John. (2004). Guide to the Oceans. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, Inc. p. 205.
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Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia and the Gulf, 1745–1900 by Hala Fattah".
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2515:
2480:
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2095:
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2010:
2002:
1998:
1985:
1877:
1873:
1516:
1345:
1193:
1125:
999:
970:
926:
690:
381:
336:
283:
5266:
5165:. EIA/DOE (Energy Information Administration/Department of Energy). Archived from
416:
Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf are (clockwise, from north): Iran;
10093:
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9825:
9576:
9465:
9391:
9194:
9189:
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8189:
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8155:
7781:
7751:
7731:
7651:
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7295:
7265:
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7152:
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6915:
6855:
6850:
6710:
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6167:
5908:
5883:
5833:
5688:
5653:
5568:
5348:
5183:
4677:
4657:
4630:
4513:
4449:
4339:
4319:
4295:
4275:
4221:
4201:
3949:
3877:
3775:
3180:
2948:
2598:
2591:
2578:
2527:
2217:
1460:
1404:
1380:
1376:
1341:
1337:
1325:
conquered the whole of the Persian Gulf, including southern and northern shores.
1322:
1173:
The body of water is historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf.
1117:
1058:
7425:
4093:"East of Suez, West from Helmand: British Expeditionary Force and the next SDSR"
1459:
to take control of the wealth created by its pearl industry. On April 29, 1602,
9930:
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9771:
9746:
9455:
9396:
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9214:
9199:
9008:
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7721:
7701:
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7656:
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7631:
7626:
7455:
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7335:
7320:
7202:
7054:
7031:
6845:
6803:
6798:
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6635:
6519:
6477:
6438:
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6418:
6094:
5898:
5888:
5868:
5853:
5843:
5733:
5728:
5703:
5548:
5413:
5363:
5343:
4817:
4584:
4255:
3416:"Shoreline reconstructions for the Persian Gulf since the last glacial maximum"
2883:
2859:"The unconquerable country: the Babylonian marshes in the Neo-Assyrian sources"
2858:
2758:
2401:
2366:
2236:
2128:
2099:
2006:
1552:
1548:
1488:
1464:
1455:
up the coast of the Persian Gulf. In 1521, a Portuguese force led by commander
1452:
1426:
1270:
1249:
1218:
982:
950:
942:
356:
340:
238:
147:
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5648:
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5608:
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5543:
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5418:
5393:
5388:
5373:
5313:
5076:
Yamada, Akiyo; Saitoh, Takeo; Mimura, Tetsuro; Ozeki, Yoshihiro (Fall 1980).
4681:
4634:
3911:
3519:
3392:
3337:(1980). "The Nomenclature of the Persian Gulf". In Cottrell, Alvin J. (ed.).
3251:
3171:
2835:
2622:
2358:
2330:
2239:(being the most isolated, and the only resident population in the world) off
2203:
2124:
2104:
1969:
1480:
1448:
1357:
1329:
1053:
389:
332:
287:
140:
102:
89:
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9731:
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9146:
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7325:
7280:
7270:
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7245:
7210:
7132:
7114:
7039:
6968:
6766:
6600:
Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies
6413:
6131:
6029:
5999:
5933:
5918:
5863:
5828:
5803:
5798:
5748:
5708:
5698:
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5658:
5628:
5583:
5563:
5383:
5353:
5338:
5105:
5006:
4483:
4225:
4010:
3225:. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. p. 21. Archived from
2590:
A Brief Tectonic History of the Arabian basin. Retrieved from the website:
2263:
2034:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1796:
1755:
1662:
1626:
1544:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1479:. With the support of the British fleet, in 1622 'Abbās took the island of
1361:
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1020:
995:
930:
922:
745:
542:
409:
377:
305:
279:
267:
165:
136:
42:
6875:
5166:
4703:
1285:. The oldest evidence in the world for seagoing vessels has been found at
953:
administered by UAE. In recent years, there has also been the addition of
10028:
9950:
9900:
9721:
9691:
9636:
9626:
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6788:
6741:
6680:
6172:
5994:
5974:
5678:
5663:
5623:
5573:
5318:
5136:"Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Exports Fact Sheet (U.S. Department of Energy)"
5096:
5077:
4066:
3195:"Persian (or Arabian) Gulf Is Caught in the Middle of Regional Rivalries"
2581:, 23rd Session, Vienna, 28 March – 4 April 2006. accessed October 9, 2010
2316:
2289:
2048:
One of the more unusual marine mammals living in the Persian Gulf is the
2030:
2014:
1703:
1685:
1607:
1504:
1471:, expelled the Portuguese from Bahrain, and that date is commemorated as
1286:
1282:
1210:
1189:
1174:
1146:
1024:
938:
934:
385:
290:
5160:
2680:
2021:
also swim into the Persian Gulf, while many other large species such as
1293:
settlements in Mesopotamia and communities along the entire Gulf coast.
10078:
9945:
9935:
9701:
9539:
9445:
8150:
8145:
7830:
7804:
7771:
7761:
7706:
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7390:
7360:
7355:
7300:
7290:
7250:
7240:
7215:
7187:
7162:
7094:
7079:
6815:
6810:
6695:
6559:
6544:
6305:
6182:
6122:
6074:
6054:
5928:
5873:
5838:
5323:
4597:
3277:
2162:
2120:
2022:
1587:
1226:
1140:
328:
301:
130:
7875:
7846:
4988:
4126:"The UK in Oman – A new support facility for the British Armed Forces"
3818:
3750:
2352:
1417:
10073:
9804:
9751:
9696:
9686:
9596:
9544:
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9475:
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9131:
8759:
8686:
8644:
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8140:
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7726:
7696:
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7596:
7581:
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7410:
7375:
7365:
7275:
7192:
7099:
7059:
6620:
6539:
6487:
5638:
5333:
4646:
4443:
Pre-print manuscript published on humpback whales in the Persian Gulf
2334:
2285:
2255:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2108:
2026:
1721:
1532:
1384:
1318:
1235:
433:
393:
313:
263:
73:
6825:
5213:
3635:
3269:
1555:) and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar through the
1447:
expansion into the Indian Ocean in the early 16th century following
1238:
farming cultures in regions of the Middle East adjacent to the Gulf.
339:. The current flooding of the basin started 15,000 years ago due to
10068:
10048:
10043:
10023:
10018:
9794:
9784:
9706:
9641:
9413:
9141:
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8052:
8007:
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7789:
7756:
7711:
7681:
7676:
7576:
7157:
7089:
6482:
6467:
6322:
6044:
5613:
4845:"Iran: Spill, Dolphin Deaths Spark Alarm At Persian Gulf Pollution"
4491:
3472:
3454:
3384:
2323:) that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the
2301:
2057:
1591:
1543:
between the British and the Sheikhs of what was then known as the '
1500:
1483:
from the Portuguese; much of the trade was diverted to the town of
1375:
Following the fall of Achaemenid Empire, and after the fall of the
1309:
1231:
1062:
1015:
452:
also lie within the Persian Gulf, some of which are the subject of
324:
6881:
Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War
4195:
Whales and Dolphins in Arabian Sea: Arabian Sea Survey (2007–2008)
9736:
9726:
9606:
9601:
9516:
8349:
8077:
8067:
8032:
8022:
7548:
6938:
6147:
6034:
5963:
5533:
5469:
4299:
1981:
1957:
1885:
1832:
1638:
1392:
1313:
1312:, who lived in what is now Yemen, migrated north and founded the
837:
611:
437:
309:
173:
4965:"Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq"
3633:
10053:
9940:
9925:
9915:
9875:
9789:
8097:
8047:
7969:
6953:
6650:
6104:
5951:
5723:
5408:
5378:
5208:
5199:
The Portuguese in the Arabian peninsula and in the Persian Gulf
4357:"PBS – The Voyage of the Odyssey – Track the Voyage – Maldives"
4015:
3455:"New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis"
3369:"New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis"
2654:. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from
2507:
2338:
2259:
2184:
2061:
2049:
1988:
are the most common marine mammals in the waters, while larger
1881:
1846:
1828:
1792:
1770:
1707:
1650:
1599:
1305:
1301:
1044:
946:
814:
588:
441:
397:
161:
41:"Gulf Region" redirects here. For the region in Australia, see
5121:
Encyclopedia of World Trade: From Ancient Times to the Present
4034:"Classified document on Bahrain rankles Britain decades later"
4006:"Blair was dangerously off target in his condemnation of Iran"
3689:"THE AGE OF COLONIALISM Persian Gulf States Table of Contents"
9835:
9809:
9779:
9741:
9681:
9676:
9671:
8450:
8087:
8082:
8062:
7820:
7015:
6963:
6831:
Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands
5956:
5618:
5578:
5368:
4624:
Abu Dhabi has world's largest population of humpback dolphins
4343:
3977:"ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300B2-203 EP-IBU Qeshm Island"
3882:. Office of the Chief of Military History, Dept. of the Army.
3094:
2996:
1989:
1814:
1740:
1658:
1615:
1388:
1300:, the southern part of the Persian Gulf was dominated by the
1278:
966:
791:
565:
429:
169:
30:
This article is about the body of water. For other uses, see
4931:
Emery, K. O. (1956). "Sediments and Water of Persian Gulf".
4452:. Arabian Sea Whale Network. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
3254:(Fall 1980). "Security Considerations in the Persian Gulf".
3025:. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010
1209:
The region of the Persian Gulf has been inhabited since the
10063:
10003:
9756:
9234:
8037:
6958:
6948:
6943:
6690:
6083:
6059:
6049:
5983:
5778:
5603:
5271:
2320:
2018:
1993:
1850:
1810:
1778:
1689:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1606:
was shot down by the U.S. military (which had mistaken the
1595:
1476:
1365:
1241:
1057:, also known as Persia), in the southwestern region of the
974:
883:
860:
722:
657:
634:
496:
445:
417:
401:
297:
271:
181:
157:
153:
4166:
2407:
Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi#Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853
2005:. Other species such as the critically endangered Arabian
9895:
9761:
9534:
7825:
4361:
1594:, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed
373:
and Ràs al Kuh (25°48'N) on the coast of Iran (Persia)".
243:
3879:
The Persian Corridor and aid to Russia, Volume 7, Part 1
3795:
3610:
From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire
2949:"The Voyage of Nearchus from the Indus to the Euphrates"
2041:
were revealed to hold the world's largest population of
1625:, in the Persian Gulf, the first since it withdrew from
929:. Other significant islands in the Persian Gulf include
9524:
5075:
4067:"UK to establish £15m permanent Mid East military base"
3146:"United Nations Cartographic Section (Middle East Map)"
3062:. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016
2757:
Pous, Stéphane; Lazure, Pascal; Carton, Xavier (2015).
1507:
and the need for troops in various other frontiers. In
4788:
4098:. Oxford Research Group. December 2014. Archived from
2570:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
1629:
in 1971 and is developing a support facility in Oman.
1080:) Sea" is widely found in the compiled written texts.
5024:"Dumping by Construction Crews Killing Bahrain Coral"
4791:"Turtles Rehabilitated After Persian Gulf Oil Spills"
2494:
1414:
Portuguese dominance of the seas in the 17th century.
1344:
empires. Under the leadership of the Achaemenid king
985:
in their trade or as acquisitions for their empires.
296:
The Persian Gulf has many fishing grounds, extensive
10125:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
7014:
6291:
Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs
5123:. London, UK: Routledge – via Credo Reference.
2541:
2348:
1956:
of the Arabian Sea, including the Persian Gulf, the
1618:. In 2018, the UK opened a permanent military base,
1582:
The Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980–1988
4815:
3833:"Shaikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani – Amiri Diwan"
3544:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936
3333:
2706:"Catches by Taxon in the waters of Oman (Musandam)"
4726:"Persian Gulf Mermaids Face Environmental Threats"
1880:or at serious environmental risk. From corals, to
1637:Eight nations have coasts along the Persian Gulf:
994:which is around 180 mm (7.1 in)/year in
4671:Abu Dhabi leads world in humpback dolphin numbers
4525:
3875:
1368:in the west, as well as Sind waterway, in India.
10174:
4872:
4764:"Development in Persian Gulf Threatens Wildlife"
2756:
2566:
2564:
2562:
1281:) developed along the Persian Gulf and southern
80:
6241:Afsharid conquests in the Persian Gulf and Oman
5133:
4898:
4896:
3728:
2732:"Portuguese in the Arabia and the Persian Gulf"
2066:oil spills caused during the "Persian Gulf war"
5424:South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert
5161:U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
4651:Abu Dhabi proves a haven for humpback dolphins
3540:
2905:
2592:http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=133
1451:'s voyages of exploration saw them battle the
8660:
7891:
7000:
5252:
4842:
4507:Whale tracing us in a boat at Kuwait sea area
3910:
3894:"Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammed al-Qasimi obituary"
3606:
3579:
3116:
2559:
2341:rivers, where the east bank is held by Iran.
384:; and its western end is marked by the major
5163:"Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Export Fact Sheet"
4926:
4924:
4902:
4893:
4392:"Summary review of cetaceans of the Red Sea"
3731:International Journal of Middle East Studies
3583:Shadows in the desert: ancient Persia at war
3309:. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016.
3057:
2319:reserves. The oil-rich countries (excluding
1535:tribe. This led to the British mounting the
1091:) canal from the river that is called Nile (
8486:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
6580:Persian Gulf International Education Center
6338:2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel
4958:
4956:
4954:
4945:10.1306/5CEAE595-16BB-11D7-8645000102C1865D
4278:. LIVIN Q8. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
3173:Omission of 'Persian Gulf' Name Angers Iran
1039:called it the "Bitter Sea". In 550 BC, the
266:. The body of water is an extension of the
8667:
8653:
7898:
7884:
7007:
6993:
6555:Gulf University for Science and Technology
6201:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
5505:South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field
5259:
5245:
4516:. Youtube. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4322:. Youtube. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
3865:. Government Printing Office. p. 225.
3143:
3020:
2908:"The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity"
2795:
1586:, in which each side attacked the other's
459:
312:has been damaged by industrialization and
6363:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
5309:Arabian-Persian Gulf Coastal Plain Desert
5095:
4996:
4921:
4761:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4490:
4461:
3799:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
3789:
3339:The Persian Gulf States: A General Survey
2882:
2817:
2187:mother and her offspring in shallow water
1539:. The campaign led to the signing of the
1139:'cleansing', a name mentioned in
10268:Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border
6368:Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf
5118:
4951:
4818:"Dolphins of Persian Gulf are in danger"
4000:
3660:
3220:"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"
2946:
2649:"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"
2397:Saeed bin Butti#Perpetual Maritime Truce
2280:
1919:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
1632:
1566:
1416:
1260:
1248:
1240:
1162:
1150:A historical map of the Persian Gulf in
1145:
1043:established the first ancient empire in
1014:
237:
208:251,000 km (97,000 sq mi)
9587:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
7905:
5018:
5016:
4123:
3722:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3413:
3345:. pp. xvii–xxxvi. p. xxxiii:
3023:"Gulf renamed in aversion to 'Persian'"
2202:off the southern shore of Iran, around
1277:The world's oldest known civilization (
1183:International Hydrographic Organization
925:, belonging to Iran and located in the
367:International Hydrographic Organization
14:
10175:
9461:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
9220:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
8674:
4797:from the original on 10 September 2012
4789:Tim Thomas & Ian Robinson (2001).
4687:
4386:
4384:
4124:Tossini, J. Vitor (20 February 2018).
3947:
3701:
3634:British Institute of Persian Studies.
3493:
3298:
3192:
2994:
8648:
7879:
6988:
6779:Environmental impact of the Gulf wars
5240:
4930:
4564:A Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt
4404:from the original on 11 October 2021.
4175:from the original on 26 November 2010
4073:from the original on 24 November 2017
3825:
3362:
3360:
3250:
3164:
2514:
1557:British Residency of the Persian Gulf
1409:British residency of the Persian Gulf
1099:), to the sea that begins in Persia (
232:8,780 km (2,100 cu mi)
9592:China National Petroleum Corporation
6906:Persian Gulf Veterans National Medal
6333:Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes
5057:from the original on 6 December 2010
5030:from the original on 31 October 2010
5013:
4907:. Aquaprint Verlag GmbH. p. 5.
4868:
4866:
4851:from the original on 14 January 2011
4847:. Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty.
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4732:from the original on 14 January 2011
4369:from the original on 19 October 2017
4044:from the original on 30 January 2022
3568:
3452:
3366:
3212:
3183:, World Press.com, December 28, 2006
2856:
2729:
1899:
1610:operating the flight for an Iranian
1110:Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions
404:, this is called "Arvand Rud" (lit.
27:Arm of the Indian Ocean in West Asia
6861:List of Gulf War military equipment
6575:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
5521:List of islands in the Persian Gulf
5359:Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
4766:. Discovery Channel. Archived from
4381:
3420:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
3095:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
2995:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
2531:
2484:
1868:Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
1129:
1120:times, the Persian Gulf was called
1010:
917:List of islands in the Persian Gulf
24:
9652:National Iranian South Oil Company
9368:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
6343:2011–2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute
6261:Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf
5048:
4568:American University in Cairo Press
4423:from the original on 10 March 2016
4022:from the original on 30 July 2016.
3974:
3453:Rose, Jeffrey I. (December 2010).
3367:Rose, Jeffrey I. (December 2010).
3357:
2997:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2641:
2629:from the original on 13 April 2016
2333:, which carries the waters of the
2308:(LNG) and petrochemical industry.
1895:
1204:
949:administered by Saudi Arabia, and
456:between the states in the region.
392:, which carries the waters of the
25:
10284:
10258:Marginal seas of the Indian Ocean
10120:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
10009:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
9662:Oil & Gas Development Company
6399:Arabian Gulf Rugby Football Union
6389:Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation
5205:32 historical map of Persian gulf
5177:
4873:Jen/fishbase.org (30 June 2003).
4863:
4824:from the original on 29 June 2011
4744:
4684:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4660:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4637:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4604:from the original on 7 March 2016
4579:Dr. Perrin F.W., Koch C.C. 2007.
4544:from the original on 5 March 2016
4346:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4302:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
3839:from the original on 7 March 2018
3642:from the original on 16 July 2011
3586:. Osprey Publishing. p. 68.
3299:Abedin, Mahan (4 December 2004).
3193:Zraick, Karen (12 January 2016).
3152:from the original on 30 June 2017
2442:Geography of United Arab Emirates
2114:
1590:. It is the namesake of the 1991
1562:
10157:
10156:
8624:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
8115:
7858:
7857:
7845:
6585:Persian Gulf Online Organization
6155:
6130:
6082:
5982:
5962:
5816:
5791:
5771:
5716:
5596:
5526:
5500:Persian Gulf Residential Complex
5119:Northrup, Cynthia Clark (2013).
4905:Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide
4881:from the original on 2 July 2010
4843:Vahid Sepehri (3 October 2007).
4587:. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
4570:. Retrieved on February 26. 2016
4414:
4258:. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
4245:. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
4228:. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
4167:Morteza Aminmansour/Pars Times.
3058:Mahan Abedin (9 December 2004).
2351:
2248:
2228:
2210:
2200:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins
2192:
2177:
2043:Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins
1904:
1839:
1821:
1803:
1785:
1763:
1748:
1732:
1714:
1696:
1678:
1257:in relation to the Persian Gulf.
876:
853:
830:
807:
784:
761:
738:
715:
650:
627:
604:
581:
558:
535:
512:
489:
58:
10233:Bodies of water of Saudi Arabia
9667:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
6676:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin
6358:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
6271:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
6221:Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz
6211:Ottoman campaign against Hormuz
5465:Fort Nossa Senhora da Conceição
5276:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
5154:
5127:
5112:
5069:
5042:
5026:. Maurice Picow. 16 June 2010.
4836:
4809:
4782:
4728:. Maurice Picow. 4 March 2010.
4718:
4663:
4640:
4616:
4590:
4573:
4556:
4519:
4499:
4477:
4455:
4435:
4408:
4349:
4325:
4305:
4281:
4261:
4248:
4231:
4215:Whales and dolphins in the Gulf
4207:
4187:
4160:
4143:
4117:
4085:
4059:
4026:
3994:
3968:
3941:
3904:
3886:
3869:
3851:
3780:
3765:
3702:Dashti, Naseer (October 2012).
3695:
3681:
3654:
3627:
3600:
3534:
3487:
3446:
3407:
3327:
3292:
3244:
3186:
3137:
3110:
3088:
3051:
3014:
2988:
2963:
2940:
2926:
2899:
2857:Bagg, Ariel M. (1 March 2020).
2850:
2789:
2750:
2422:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
2315:, and about 35% of the world's
2300:, the world's largest offshore
1541:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
1457:Antonio Correia invaded Bahrain
1398:
988:
361:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
293:forms the northwest shoreline.
10135:Society of Petroleum Engineers
9906:Port Harcourt Refining Company
9572:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
8181:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
8176:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
6871:Media coverage of the Gulf War
6757:Christianity in Eastern Arabia
6404:Arabian Gulf rugby sevens team
6353:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
6296:1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict
6251:Bani Utbah invasion of Bahrain
6236:1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain
4875:"Fish Species in Persian Gulf"
4702:. American.edu. Archived from
4581:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
3343:Johns Hopkins University Press
3021:K Darbandi (27 October 2007).
2723:
2698:
2673:
2603:
2584:
2521:
2474:
2270:
2235:Critically endangered Arabian
1181:(Persian Gulf) is used by the
13:
1:
9081:Production sharing agreements
8563:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
7960:Tigris–Euphrates river system
6737:2010 Islamic Solidarity Games
6409:Arabian Gulf rugby union team
6348:2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident
6266:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
6256:Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
6206:Portuguese conquest of Hormuz
5434:Tigris–Euphrates river system
3948:Potter, L. (5 January 2009).
3920:. Ardent Media. p. 172.
2552:
2417:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
2412:Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
2154:trees belonging to the genus
1574:: Tanker convoy No. 12 under
1547:'. From 1763 until 1971, the
1537:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
1434:
1029:larger map of the Middle East
1019:Map of the Persian Gulf. The
684:
36:Arabian Gulf (disambiguation)
32:Persian Gulf (disambiguation)
10213:Geography of the Middle East
10115:Canadian petroleum companies
10110:American Petroleum Institute
9647:National Iranian Oil Company
9632:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
4816:Mandana Javidinejad (2007).
3613:. Eisenbrauns. p. 761.
3440:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00069-6
3301:"All at Sea over 'the Gulf'"
3060:"All at sea over 'the Gulf'"
2033:were once migrants into the
901:
888:
870:
865:
847:
842:
824:
819:
801:
796:
778:
773:
755:
750:
732:
727:
709:
675:
662:
644:
639:
621:
616:
598:
593:
575:
570:
552:
547:
529:
524:
506:
501:
483:
350:
7:
10188:Bahrain–Saudi Arabia border
10130:International Energy Agency
9115:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
8629:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
8511:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
8506:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
6866:Map of Iran in Afsharid Era
6590:Persian Gulf Studies Center
5784:Quoin Island (Persian Gulf)
5439:Zagros fold and thrust belt
5288:Persian Gulf naming dispute
4254:Clapham P., Ivashchenko Y.
4169:"Pollution in Persian Gulf"
3951:The Persian Gulf in History
3414:Lambeck, Kurt (July 1996).
2542:
2495:
2344:
1861:
1267:British Expeditionary Force
1169:Persian Gulf naming dispute
319:The Persian Gulf is in the
242:Persian Gulf at Night from
10:
10289:
10253:Kuwait–Saudi Arabia border
10198:Bodies of water of Bahrain
9717:PTT Public Company Limited
9318:East Midlands Oil Province
9303:List of natural gas fields
8903:Integrated asset modelling
8634:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
7226:American Mediterranean Sea
6921:Rationale for the Gulf War
6911:Piracy in the Persian Gulf
6716:Smoothtooth blacktip shark
6110:Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal
3876:T. H. Vail Motter (1952).
3661:Flannery, John M. (2013).
2884:10.1007/s12685-020-00245-5
2763:Continental Shelf Research
2274:
2170:
1931:Such statements should be
1865:
1529:piracy in the Persian Gulf
1402:
1350:British East India Company
1199:
1166:
914:
910:
354:
327:origin and related to the
40:
29:
10263:Qatar–Saudi Arabia border
10208:Bodies of water of Kuwait
10152:
10102:
10089:Weatherford International
9968:
9818:
9770:
9622:Iraq National Oil Company
9558:
9515:
9500:
9491:
9376:
9293:
9175:
9061:
8955:
8883:
8826:
8785:
8778:
8700:
8682:
8601:
8555:
8529:
8433:
8330:
8223:
8131:
8124:
8113:
7995:
7922:
7913:
7839:
7813:
7780:
7562:
7469:
7201:
7113:
7030:
6934:
6901:Persian Gulf National Day
6762:Culture of Eastern Arabia
6729:
6608:
6457:
6376:
6226:Action of 1 February 1625
6193:
5944:
5513:
5475:Mangrove forests of Qeshm
5447:
5296:
5283:
5083:Plant and Cell Physiology
4762:Jim Krane (3 July 2006).
4313:حوت يسبح قرب أبراج الكويت
4289:Whale seen in kuwait seas
3811:10.1080/13530199908705688
3743:10.1017/s0020743800031834
3512:10.1017/S0003598X0009325X
3319:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3080:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3043:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2828:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00189.1
2783:10.1016/j.csr.2014.12.008
2432:Geography of Saudi Arabia
1473:National Persian Gulf day
1265:A painting depicting the
1255:Achaemenid Persian empire
704:
701:
478:
475:
278:. It is connected to the
228:
220:
212:
204:
200:989 km (615 mi)
196:
192:
146:
128:
118:
79:
69:
57:
52:
10238:Bodies of water of Qatar
7032:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
6926:The National (Abu Dhabi)
6570:Khaleeji Commercial Bank
6550:Gulf University, Bahrain
6525:Gulf Cooperation Council
6510:Arabian Gulf Oil Company
6444:UAE Pro League Committee
6231:Battle off Hormuz (1625)
5634:Greater and Lesser Tunbs
4269:Whale Watching In Kuwait
4069:. BBC. 6 December 2014.
3786:Rahman 1979, pp. 138–139
2912:Journal of World History
2467:
2145:A great example of this
2140:
2072:
1739:Dubai skyline at night,
1308:. In the second century
1076:, the name of "Persian (
945:administered by Kuwait,
698:
472:
465:Exclusive economic zones
345:Holocene glacial retreat
300:(mostly rocky, but also
10203:Bodies of water of Iraq
10140:World Petroleum Council
10014:China Oilfield Services
9071:Petroleum fiscal regime
8770:Western Canadian Select
8765:West Texas Intermediate
7178:Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea
6774:Eastern Arabian cuisine
6595:Persian Gulf University
6535:Gulf Medical University
6515:Arabian Gulf University
6429:Persian Gulf Pro League
5924:The World (archipelago)
4820:. Payvand News Agency.
4526:Imisdocs/publications.
4256:Marine Fisheries Review
3981:www.aviation-safety.net
3541:M. Th. Houtsma (1993).
3494:Carter, Robert (2006).
3432:1996E&PSL.142...43L
3341:. Baltimore, Maryland:
3119:"Political Map of Iran"
2906:Touraj Daryaee (2003).
2516:[xæliːdʒefɒːɾs]
2372:Eastern Arabian cuisine
1323:Sassanid Persian empire
1087:I ordered to dig this (
1005:
460:Exclusive economic zone
254:, sometimes called the
224:90 m (300 ft)
216:50 m (160 ft)
64:Persian Gulf from space
10218:Geography of West Asia
9617:Indian Oil Corporation
9103:Submersible pump (ESP)
9048:Underbalanced drilling
8869:of gasoline and diesel
8466:Babylonian mathematics
7499:Great Australian Bight
6891:Persian Gulf (missile)
6505:Al Khaleej (newspaper)
6313:Operation Earnest Will
6286:Joint Operation Arvand
6246:Persian Gulf Residency
6100:Al Başrah Oil Terminal
6010:Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni
5329:Clarence Strait (Iran)
5201:(archived 15 May 2005)
4243:New Holland Publishers
3607:Pierre Briant (2006).
3580:Kaveh Farrokh (2007).
3257:International Security
2953:The Voyage of Nearchus
2377:Cradle of civilization
2293:
1579:
1578:escort in October 1987
1572:Operation Earnest Will
1469:Safavid Persian Empire
1441:
1274:
1258:
1246:
1217:(115,000–11,700 years
1159:
1114:
1095:) and flows in Egypt (
1032:
941:administered by Iran,
247:
9994:Cameron International
9436:Petrodollar recycling
9419:fossil fuel phase-out
8982:Differential sticking
8935:Reflection seismology
8908:Petroleum engineering
8750:OPEC Reference Basket
6784:Gulf and Kuwait Medal
5754:Umm al Maradim Island
5184:Qatar Digital Library
5134:Persian Gulf Online.
4903:Debelius, H. (1993).
3097:"The World Fact Book"
2306:liquefied natural gas
2284:
1954:mediterranean regions
1633:Cities and population
1570:
1521:Trans-Iranian Railway
1420:
1264:
1252:
1244:
1213:. During most of the
1163:Modern naming dispute
1149:
1089:Canal of the Pharaohs
1085:
1018:
467:in the Persian Gulf:
450:Various small islands
436:off the Saudi coast;
241:
10273:Western Indo-Pacific
10193:Bahrain–Qatar border
9891:Occidental Petroleum
9205:1990 oil price shock
9031:Shale oil extraction
9004:Drilling engineering
8987:Directional drilling
8913:Reservoir simulation
8461:Babylonian astronomy
7940:Mesopotamian Marshes
7346:Gulf of St. Lawrence
6974:United Arab Emirates
6896:Persian Gulf Inferno
6886:Persian Gulf (horse)
6794:Bahraini Gulf Arabic
6706:Rhizophora mucronata
6666:Hawksbill sea turtle
6281:Persian Gulf Command
6143:King Abdul Aziz Port
5824:United Arab Emirates
5495:Persian Gulf Highway
5490:Persian Gulf Complex
5480:Persian Gulf Airport
5399:Mesopotamian Marshes
5194:Encyclopædia Iranica
4770:on 23 September 2006
4311:جرائم ومحاكم. 2015.
4287:Burahmah I.. 2013.
4193:Dr. Gheilani A.M.H.
4004:(23 December 2006).
3460:Current Anthropology
3373:Current Anthropology
2738:on 11 September 2015
2572:Working Paper No. 61
2452:Geography of Bahrain
2382:Deluge (prehistoric)
2292:pipelines and fields
2084:collared kingfishers
1933:clarified or removed
1667:United Arab Emirates
1298:fourth millennium BC
1223:Last Glacial Maximum
769:United Arab Emirates
520:United Arab Emirates
454:territorial disputes
440:, an island nation;
426:United Arab Emirates
178:United Arab Emirates
10039:Naftiran Intertrade
9984:Amec Foster Wheeler
9911:Reliance Industries
9800:Naftiran Intertrade
9612:Hindustan Petroleum
9210:2000s energy crisis
8542:Destruction by ISIL
8496:Sumerian literature
8471:Akkadian literature
7907:Ancient Mesopotamia
7647:Gulf of Carpentaria
7441:Sea of the Hebrides
7070:King Haakon VII Sea
6841:Khaleeji (currency)
6646:Collared kingfisher
6616:Arabian carpetshark
5759:Umm an Namil Island
5485:Persian Gulf Bridge
4981:2014NatSR...4E4250P
3774:21 May 2013 at the
3335:Bosworth, C. Edmund
3125:on 27 November 2010
3117:nationsonline.org.
2918:(1). Archived from
2875:2020WatHi..12...57B
2810:2015JCli...28.5041X
2775:2015CSR....94...55P
2710:www.seaaroundus.org
2685:www.seaaroundus.org
2543:Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī
2457:Geography of Kuwait
2326:Persian Gulf States
2223:in the Persian Gulf
1604:Iran Air Flight 655
1215:Last Glacial Period
1124:, which comes from
959:tourist attractions
380:in the east by the
282:in the east by the
186:exclave of Musandam
99: /
10248:Iraq–Kuwait border
9886:Marathon Petroleum
9308:List of oil fields
8918:Reservoir modeling
8676:Petroleum industry
8578:Mesopotamian myths
7642:Gulf of California
7539:Mozambique Channel
7183:Queen Victoria Sea
7045:Bellingshausen Sea
6836:IRIS Khalij-e Fars
6661:Greater lizardfish
6493:SaudiGulf Airlines
6328:Gulf War oil spill
6318:Bridgeton incident
6065:Port Emam Khomeyni
5460:Ferdowsi Gas Field
5404:Persian Gulf Basin
5220:Sharks in the Gulf
5169:on 2 January 2011.
5097:10.1093/pcp/pcf108
4676:2017-09-21 at the
4669:Sanker A.. 2017.
4656:2017-09-20 at the
4629:2017-09-21 at the
4512:2018-11-20 at the
4448:2017-09-21 at the
4417:"ホルムズ海峡でGTフィッシング②"
4338:2017-10-19 at the
4318:2018-11-20 at the
4294:2018-11-20 at the
4274:2017-09-21 at the
4239:Diving with Giants
4220:2014-12-17 at the
4200:2014-12-17 at the
4130:UK Defence Journal
3900:. 1 November 2010.
3349:al-Khalij al-Arabi
3199:The New York Times
3179:2007-01-09 at the
2798:Journal of Climate
2597:2018-09-17 at the
2577:2012-10-03 at the
2447:Geography of Qatar
2387:Musandam Peninsula
2298:Safaniya Oil Field
2294:
2134:construction waste
2082:subspecies of the
1580:
1493:Vilayet of Baghdad
1442:
1425:on Hormuz Island (
1275:
1259:
1253:Map depicting the
1247:
1160:
1033:
955:artificial islands
448:in the northwest.
321:Persian Gulf Basin
257:
248:
10170:
10169:
10148:
10147:
10034:Nabors Industries
9964:
9963:
9162:Well intervention
9137:Petroleum product
9036:Ljungström method
8940:Seismic inversion
8925:Petroleum geology
8879:
8878:
8642:
8641:
8593:Ziggurat (Temple)
8568:Sumerian religion
8326:
8325:
8273:Middle Babylonian
8215:Kish civilization
8111:
8110:
7935:Lower Mesopotamia
7930:Upper Mesopotamia
7873:
7872:
7852:Oceans portal
7401:Mediterranean Sea
7351:Gulf of Venezuela
7143:East Siberian Sea
7085:Riiser-Larsen Sea
6982:
6981:
6821:Gulf War syndrome
6721:Xenisthmus balius
6500:Akhbar Al Khaleej
6194:History of region
6178:Port of Jebel Ali
6025:Bandar-e Mahshahr
5859:Bluewaters Island
5554:Diyar Al Muharraq
5304:Arabian Peninsula
4989:10.1038/srep04250
4441:Minton G.. 2017.
4331:Khalaf N.. 2014.
4237:Jackson J. 2006.
4155:978-1-55297-942-6
3961:978-0-230-61845-9
3927:978-0-04-953005-8
3862:Command Decisions
3715:978-1-4669-5896-8
3674:978-90-04-24382-8
3620:978-1-57506-120-7
3593:978-1-84603-108-3
3554:978-90-04-09796-4
3306:Asia Times Online
3232:on 8 October 2011
3170:Niusha Boghrati,
3001:iranicaonline.org
2947:Nearchus (2013).
2922:on 5 August 2013.
2804:(13): 5041–5062.
2730:Ramerini, Marco.
2661:on 8 October 2011
2540:
2505:
2493:
2462:Geography of Iraq
2437:Geography of Oman
2427:Geography of Iran
1986:finless porpoises
1950:
1949:
1859:
1858:
1423:Portuguese Castle
1269:off the coast of
1138:
1074:Arabian Peninsula
1041:Achaemenid Empire
963:The World Islands
908:
907:
682:
681:
341:rising sea levels
276:Arabian Peninsula
260:mediterranean sea
255:
236:
235:
16:(Redirected from
10280:
10243:Iran–Iraq border
10160:
10159:
9861:Hess Corporation
9582:Bharat Petroleum
9513:
9512:
9498:
9497:
9185:1967 Oil Embargo
9021:Lost circulation
8859:Posted oil price
8783:
8782:
8740:Isthmus-34 Light
8669:
8662:
8655:
8646:
8645:
8491:Sumerian cuisine
8481:Warfare in Sumer
8476:Economy of Sumer
8129:
8128:
8119:
8003:Fertile Crescent
7987:Sinjar Mountains
7982:Hamrin Mountains
7977:Zagros Mountains
7955:Taurus Mountains
7920:
7919:
7900:
7893:
7886:
7877:
7876:
7861:
7860:
7850:
7849:
7782:Endorheic basins
7662:Gulf of Thailand
7514:Gulf of Khambhat
7009:
7002:
6995:
6986:
6985:
6701:Porites nodifera
6656:Greater flamingo
6641:Cheekspot blenny
6626:Avicennia marina
6424:Khor Fakkan Club
6394:Arabian Gulf Cup
6276:Persian Corridor
6216:Siege of Bahrain
6160:
6159:
6135:
6134:
6087:
6086:
5987:
5986:
5967:
5966:
5849:Al Maryah Island
5822:
5820:
5819:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5694:Ommolkorm Island
5639:Hendurabi Island
5602:
5600:
5599:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5429:Strait of Hormuz
5261:
5254:
5247:
5238:
5237:
5171:
5170:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5138:. Archived from
5131:
5125:
5124:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5099:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5020:
5011:
5010:
5000:
4960:
4949:
4948:
4928:
4919:
4918:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4870:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4759:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4696:
4685:
4667:
4661:
4644:
4638:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4594:
4588:
4577:
4571:
4562:Hoath R.. 2009.
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4532:
4523:
4517:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4468:
4459:
4453:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4353:
4347:
4329:
4323:
4309:
4303:
4285:
4279:
4265:
4259:
4252:
4246:
4235:
4229:
4211:
4205:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4164:
4158:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4097:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4030:
4024:
4023:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3577:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3310:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3190:
3184:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3144:United Nations.
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3121:. Archived from
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2821:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2734:. Archived from
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2611:"A hot survivor"
2607:
2601:
2588:
2582:
2568:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2500:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2277:Strait of Hormuz
2252:
2232:
2218:Spinner dolphins
2214:
2196:
2181:
2096:greater flamingo
2092:hawksbill turtle
2003:Strait of Hormuz
1945:
1942:
1936:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1874:Strait of Hormuz
1843:
1825:
1807:
1789:
1767:
1752:
1736:
1718:
1700:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1517:Persian Corridor
1439:
1436:
1346:Darius the Great
1310:the Lakhum tribe
1194:Arab nationalism
1175:Arab governments
1133:
1131:
1112:
1011:Historical names
1000:Strait of Hormuz
971:The Pearl Island
927:Strait of Hormuz
882:
880:
879:
859:
857:
856:
836:
834:
833:
813:
811:
810:
790:
788:
787:
767:
765:
764:
744:
742:
741:
721:
719:
718:
696:
695:
691:coastline length
656:
654:
653:
633:
631:
630:
610:
608:
607:
587:
585:
584:
564:
562:
561:
541:
539:
538:
518:
516:
515:
495:
493:
492:
470:
469:
428:; Saudi Arabia;
422:Musandam exclave
382:Strait of Hormuz
337:Zagros Mountains
304:), and abundant
284:Strait of Hormuz
270:located between
132:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
82:
62:
50:
49:
21:
10288:
10287:
10283:
10282:
10281:
10279:
10278:
10277:
10173:
10172:
10171:
10166:
10144:
10098:
10094:John Wood Group
10084:Valaris Limited
9977:
9974:
9971:
9960:
9826:APA Corporation
9814:
9766:
9565:
9562:
9554:
9509:
9506:
9503:
9493:
9487:
9388:Classification
9372:
9295:
9289:
9225:Nationalization
9195:1979 oil crisis
9190:1973 oil crisis
9171:
9157:Water injection
9125:Steam injection
9120:Gas reinjection
9088:Artificial lift
9057:
8999:Drill stem test
8951:
8875:
8822:
8774:
8696:
8678:
8673:
8643:
8638:
8597:
8551:
8525:
8434:Culture/society
8429:
8322:
8318:Muslim conquest
8288:Fall of Babylon
8219:
8120:
8107:
7991:
7909:
7904:
7874:
7869:
7844:
7835:
7809:
7776:
7752:South China Sea
7732:Seto Inland Sea
7652:Gulf of Fonseca
7558:
7465:
7316:Gulf of Finland
7311:Gulf of Bothnia
7296:English Channel
7266:Bay of Campeche
7231:Archipelago Sea
7197:
7153:Gulf of Boothia
7109:
7050:Cooperation Sea
7026:
7013:
6983:
6978:
6930:
6916:Project Loghman
6856:Kuwaiti Persian
6851:Khaliji (music)
6725:
6711:Slender whiting
6604:
6530:Gulf Daily News
6453:
6372:
6189:
6168:Al Hamriya Port
6154:
6129:
6081:
5981:
5961:
5940:
5909:Saadiyat Island
5884:Jazirat Badiyah
5834:Al-Aryam Island
5817:
5815:
5792:
5790:
5772:
5770:
5717:
5715:
5689:Nakhiloo Island
5654:Jazireh-ye Shif
5597:
5595:
5569:Muharraq Island
5527:
5525:
5509:
5455:Al Khaleej Road
5443:
5349:Gulf of Bahrain
5292:
5279:
5265:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5159:
5155:
5145:
5143:
5142:on 14 July 2009
5132:
5128:
5117:
5113:
5074:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5047:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5022:
5021:
5014:
4961:
4952:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4901:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4871:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4841:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4814:
4810:
4800:
4798:
4787:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4760:
4745:
4735:
4733:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4709:
4707:
4706:on 24 June 2009
4698:
4697:
4688:
4678:Wayback Machine
4668:
4664:
4658:Wayback Machine
4645:
4641:
4631:Wayback Machine
4621:
4617:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4578:
4574:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4530:
4524:
4520:
4514:Wayback Machine
4504:
4500:
4482:
4478:
4471:www.int-res.com
4466:
4462:Articles/meps.
4460:
4456:
4450:Wayback Machine
4440:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4340:Wayback Machine
4330:
4326:
4320:Wayback Machine
4310:
4306:
4296:Wayback Machine
4286:
4282:
4276:Wayback Machine
4266:
4262:
4253:
4249:
4236:
4232:
4222:Wayback Machine
4212:
4208:
4202:Wayback Machine
4192:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4165:
4161:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4047:
4045:
4040:. 22 May 2015.
4032:
4031:
4027:
4002:Beaumont, Peter
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3975:Ranter, Harro.
3973:
3969:
3962:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3909:
3905:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3874:
3870:
3856:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3835:. Amiri Diwan.
3831:
3830:
3826:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3776:Wayback Machine
3770:
3766:
3737:(2): 177–203 .
3727:
3723:
3716:
3700:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3578:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3539:
3535:
3492:
3488:
3451:
3447:
3412:
3408:
3365:
3358:
3332:
3328:
3312:
3311:
3297:
3293:
3270:10.2307/2538446
3249:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3191:
3187:
3181:Wayback Machine
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3056:
3052:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3026:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2904:
2900:
2855:
2851:
2794:
2790:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2599:Wayback Machine
2589:
2585:
2579:Wayback Machine
2569:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2526:
2522:
2511:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2253:
2244:
2237:humpback whales
2233:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2143:
2117:
2075:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1930:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1896:Aquatic mammals
1870:
1864:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1768:
1759:
1753:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1635:
1598:'s invasion of
1565:
1467:emperor of the
1437:
1431:Lendas da Índia
1411:
1405:Portuguese rule
1401:
1381:Sassanid Empire
1377:Parthian Empire
1314:Lakhmid Kingdom
1207:
1205:Ancient history
1202:
1171:
1165:
1113:
1107:
1059:Iranian plateau
1013:
1008:
991:
919:
913:
877:
875:
854:
852:
831:
829:
808:
806:
785:
783:
762:
760:
739:
737:
716:
714:
687:
651:
649:
628:
626:
605:
603:
582:
580:
559:
557:
536:
534:
513:
511:
490:
488:
462:
363:
353:
150: countries
131:Primary inflows
107:
105:
101:
98:
93:
90:
88:
86:
85:
65:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10286:
10276:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10168:
10167:
10165:
10164:
10153:
10150:
10149:
10146:
10145:
10143:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10106:
10104:
10100:
10099:
10097:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9980:
9978:
9969:
9966:
9965:
9962:
9961:
9959:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9931:Surgutneftegas
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9851:Eneos Holdings
9848:
9843:
9841:ConocoPhillips
9838:
9833:
9831:Cenovus Energy
9828:
9822:
9820:
9816:
9815:
9813:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9776:
9774:
9772:Energy trading
9768:
9767:
9765:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9568:
9566:
9559:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9521:
9519:
9510:
9501:
9495:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9485:
9484:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9458:
9456:Swing producer
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9427:
9426:
9421:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9400:
9399:
9394:
9386:
9380:
9378:
9374:
9373:
9371:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9328:Gulf of Mexico
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9299:
9297:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9215:2010s oil glut
9212:
9207:
9202:
9200:1980s oil glut
9197:
9192:
9187:
9181:
9179:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9128:
9127:
9122:
9112:
9107:
9106:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9085:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9067:
9065:
9059:
9058:
9056:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9039:
9038:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9017:
9016:
9009:Drilling fluid
9006:
9001:
8996:
8995:
8994:
8984:
8979:
8978:
8977:
8967:
8961:
8959:
8953:
8952:
8950:
8949:
8947:Seismic source
8944:
8943:
8942:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8921:
8920:
8915:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8889:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8873:
8872:
8871:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8830:
8828:
8824:
8823:
8821:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8789:
8787:
8780:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8745:Japan Cocktail
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8706:
8704:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8694:
8692:Primary energy
8689:
8683:
8680:
8679:
8672:
8671:
8664:
8657:
8649:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8614:Assyriologists
8611:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8559:
8557:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8533:
8531:
8527:
8526:
8524:
8523:
8521:List of rulers
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8437:
8435:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8410:Proto-Armenian
8407:
8402:
8397:
8395:Middle Persian
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8336:
8334:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8283:Neo-Babylonian
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8263:Old Babylonian
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8233:Early Dynastic
8229:
8227:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8137:
8135:
8126:
8122:
8121:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7999:
7997:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7967:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7926:
7924:
7917:
7911:
7910:
7903:
7902:
7895:
7888:
7880:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7867:
7855:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7817:
7815:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7786:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7722:Sea of Okhotsk
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7702:Philippine Sea
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7667:Gulf of Tonkin
7664:
7659:
7657:Gulf of Panama
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7637:Gulf of Anadyr
7634:
7632:Gulf of Alaska
7629:
7627:East China Sea
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7568:
7566:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7475:
7473:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7463:
7458:
7456:Tyrrhenian Sea
7453:
7448:
7446:Sea of Marmara
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7336:Gulf of Mexico
7333:
7328:
7323:
7321:Gulf of Guinea
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7261:Bay of Bothnia
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7207:
7205:
7203:Atlantic Ocean
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7119:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7055:Cosmonauts Sea
7052:
7047:
7042:
7036:
7034:
7028:
7027:
7012:
7011:
7004:
6997:
6989:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6846:Khalij (album)
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6804:Kuwaiti Arabic
6801:
6799:Bahrani Arabic
6796:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6671:Humpback whale
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6636:Booted warbler
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6520:Dar Al Khaleej
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6478:Gulf Traveller
6475:
6470:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6439:UAE Pro League
6436:
6434:UAE League Cup
6431:
6426:
6421:
6419:GCC Futsal Cup
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6095:Abu Flous Port
6079:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5959:
5954:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5914:Sir Abu Nu'ayr
5911:
5906:
5901:
5899:Palm Jebel Ali
5896:
5891:
5889:Marawah Island
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5854:Al Reem Island
5851:
5846:
5844:Al Lulu Island
5841:
5836:
5831:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5734:Failaka Island
5731:
5729:Bubiyan Island
5713:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5704:Shidvar Island
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5549:Bahrain Island
5546:
5541:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5414:Shadegan Ponds
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5364:Gulf of Salwah
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5344:Eurasian Plate
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5264:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5211:
5202:
5196:
5187:
5179:
5178:External links
5176:
5173:
5172:
5153:
5126:
5111:
5090:(8): 903–910.
5068:
5041:
5012:
4950:
4920:
4913:
4892:
4862:
4835:
4808:
4781:
4743:
4717:
4686:
4662:
4639:
4615:
4589:
4585:Academic Press
4572:
4566:. pp.112. The
4555:
4518:
4505:Babu R. 2017.
4498:
4492:10.1101/042614
4476:
4454:
4434:
4407:
4380:
4348:
4324:
4304:
4280:
4260:
4247:
4230:
4206:
4186:
4159:
4142:
4116:
4105:on 2 July 2015
4084:
4058:
4025:
3993:
3967:
3960:
3940:
3926:
3917:Trucial States
3903:
3885:
3868:
3850:
3824:
3805:(2): 339–342.
3788:
3779:
3764:
3721:
3714:
3694:
3680:
3673:
3653:
3626:
3619:
3599:
3592:
3567:
3553:
3533:
3506:(307): 52–63.
3486:
3473:10.1086/657397
3467:(6): 849–883.
3445:
3426:(1–2): 43–57.
3406:
3385:10.1086/657397
3379:(6): 849–883.
3356:
3326:
3291:
3252:Eilts, Hermann
3243:
3211:
3185:
3163:
3136:
3109:
3087:
3050:
3013:
2987:
2975:www.livius.org
2962:
2939:
2925:
2898:
2849:
2819:10.1.1.714.254
2788:
2749:
2722:
2697:
2672:
2640:
2602:
2583:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2520:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Trucial States
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2367:Eastern Arabia
2363:
2362:
2346:
2343:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2142:
2139:
2129:global warming
2116:
2115:Fish and reefs
2113:
2100:booted warbler
2074:
2071:
2007:humpback whale
1999:Bryde's whales
1948:
1947:
1912:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1677:
1634:
1631:
1564:
1563:Modern history
1561:
1553:Trucial States
1549:British Empire
1513:Western Allies
1489:Ottoman Empire
1427:Gaspar Correia
1400:
1397:
1271:Ras Al Khaimah
1219:Before Present
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1167:Main article:
1164:
1161:
1154:with the word
1152:a Dubai museum
1105:
1027:. Detail from
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
990:
987:
912:
909:
906:
905:
900:
895:
891:
890:
887:
872:
868:
867:
864:
849:
845:
844:
841:
826:
822:
821:
818:
803:
799:
798:
795:
780:
776:
775:
772:
757:
753:
752:
749:
734:
730:
729:
726:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
686:
683:
680:
679:
674:
669:
665:
664:
661:
646:
642:
641:
638:
623:
619:
618:
615:
600:
596:
595:
592:
577:
573:
572:
569:
554:
550:
549:
546:
531:
527:
526:
523:
508:
504:
503:
500:
485:
481:
480:
477:
474:
461:
458:
357:Eastern Arabia
352:
349:
323:, which is of
308:, however its
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
189:
151:
144:
143:
134:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
83:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10285:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10180:
10178:
10163:
10155:
10154:
10151:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10107:
10105:
10101:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9967:
9957:
9956:Valero Energy
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9921:Suncor Energy
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9817:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9769:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9557:
9551:
9550:TotalEnergies
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9518:
9514:
9511:
9508:
9499:
9496:
9494:organisations
9492:Companies and
9490:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9431:Petrocurrency
9429:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9416:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9404:Oil shale gas
9402:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9389:
9387:
9385:
9384:Abbreviations
9382:
9381:
9379:
9375:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9343:Permian Basin
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9300:
9298:
9292:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9280:United States
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9240:Seven Sisters
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9178:
9174:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9117:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9090:
9089:
9086:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9060:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9037:
9034:
9033:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9015:
9012:
9011:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8954:
8948:
8945:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8910:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8893:Core sampling
8891:
8890:
8888:
8886:
8882:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8825:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8790:
8788:
8784:
8781:
8777:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8730:Indian Basket
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8703:
8699:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8684:
8681:
8677:
8670:
8665:
8663:
8658:
8656:
8651:
8650:
8647:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8600:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8528:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8436:
8432:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8333:
8329:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8226:
8222:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8134:
8130:
8127:
8123:
8118:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7994:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7950:Syrian Desert
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7925:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7908:
7901:
7896:
7894:
7889:
7887:
7882:
7881:
7878:
7866:
7865:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7838:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7783:
7779:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7672:Halmahera Sea
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7564:Pacific Ocean
7561:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7534:Laccadive Sea
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7519:Gulf of Kutch
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7509:Gulf of Aqaba
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7489:Bay of Bengal
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7472:
7468:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7416:Norwegian Sea
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7386:Levantine Sea
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7341:Gulf of Sidra
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7331:Gulf of Maine
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7306:Greenland Sea
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7286:Caribbean Sea
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7256:Bay of Biscay
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7236:Argentine Sea
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7200:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7148:Greenland Sea
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7123:Amundsen Gulf
7121:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7112:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7065:D'Urville Sea
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7010:
7005:
7003:
6998:
6996:
6991:
6990:
6987:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6752:Bandari music
6750:
6748:
6747:Bandar (port)
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6728:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6686:Omura's whale
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6631:Blacktip tope
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6565:Khaleej Times
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6473:Gulf Aviation
6471:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6458:Organizations
6456:
6450:
6449:UAE Super Cup
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6384:Al-Khaleej FC
6382:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6301:Iran–Iraq War
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6040:Chabahar Port
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6020:Bandar Lengeh
6018:
6016:
6015:Bandar Khamir
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6005:Bandar Deylam
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5904:Palm Jumeirah
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5894:Marsa Al Arab
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5879:Dubai Islands
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5814:
5810:
5809:Tarout Island
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5769:
5765:
5764:Warbah Island
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5744:Miskan Island
5742:
5740:
5739:Kubbar Island
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5649:Hormuz Island
5647:
5645:
5644:Hengam Island
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5609:Abadan Island
5607:
5606:
5605:
5594:
5590:
5589:Umm as Sabaan
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5559:Hawar Islands
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5544:Amwaj Islands
5542:
5540:
5539:Al Dar Island
5537:
5536:
5535:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5419:Shatt al-Arab
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5394:Makran Trench
5392:
5390:
5389:Iranian Plate
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:Khersan River
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Arabian Plate
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5262:
5257:
5255:
5250:
5248:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5168:
5164:
5157:
5141:
5137:
5130:
5122:
5115:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5072:
5056:
5052:
5045:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4933:AAPG Bulletin
4927:
4925:
4916:
4914:3-927991-01-5
4910:
4906:
4899:
4897:
4880:
4876:
4869:
4867:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4823:
4819:
4812:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4769:
4765:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4683:
4682:Khaleej Times
4679:
4675:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4636:
4635:Emirates 24/7
4632:
4628:
4625:
4619:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4502:
4493:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4438:
4422:
4418:
4411:
4400:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4308:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4284:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4264:
4257:
4251:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4213:Jongbloed M.
4210:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4190:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4101:
4094:
4088:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3944:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3912:Donald Hawley
3907:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3863:
3854:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3717:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3657:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3556:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3361:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3322:
3316:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3264:(2): 79–113.
3263:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3228:
3221:
3215:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3077:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3024:
3017:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2976:
2972:
2971:"DZ – Livius"
2966:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2863:Water History
2860:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2657:
2650:
2644:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2615:The Economist
2612:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2544:
2538:
2532:الخليج العربي
2529:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2506:'Gulf of
2503:
2497:
2491:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:Oceans portal
2354:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:Shatt al-Arab
2328:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2204:Hengam Island
2201:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2125:Shatt al-Arab
2122:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:seine fishing
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2011:omura's whale
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:Gulf of Aqaba
1967:
1963:
1962:Gulf of Kutch
1959:
1955:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:This article
1911:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1794:
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1783:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1723:
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1712:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1687:
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1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:Iran–Iraq War
1577:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:Nazi invasion
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:, the ruling
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:Bandar 'Abbās
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:Vasco da Gama
1446:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:Shatt-al-Arab
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1023:leads to the
1022:
1017:
1003:
1001:
997:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
918:
904:
899:
896:
893:
892:
886:
885:
873:
869:
863:
862:
850:
846:
840:
839:
827:
823:
817:
816:
804:
800:
794:
793:
781:
777:
771:
770:
758:
754:
748:
747:
735:
731:
725:
724:
712:
708:
697:
694:
692:
689:Countries by
678:
673:
670:
667:
666:
660:
659:
647:
643:
637:
636:
624:
620:
614:
613:
601:
597:
591:
590:
578:
574:
568:
567:
555:
551:
545:
544:
532:
528:
522:
521:
509:
505:
499:
498:
486:
482:
471:
468:
466:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:Shatt al-Arab
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
362:
358:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Arabian Plate
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
306:pearl oysters
303:
299:
294:
292:
289:
288:Shatt al-Arab
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
253:
245:
240:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
213:Average depth
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
141:Shatt-al-Arab
138:
135:
133:
127:
123:
121:
117:
112:
84:
78:
75:
72:
68:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
10228:Seas of Iran
10223:Seas of Asia
10183:Persian Gulf
10059:Schlumberger
9989:Baker Hughes
9881:Marathon Oil
9871:Imperial Oil
9866:Husky Energy
9856:Galp Energia
9846:Devon Energy
9732:Saudi Aramco
9712:Petrovietnam
9657:NNPC Limited
9561:National oil
9441:Petrofiction
9409:Orphan wells
9377:Other topics
9348:Persian Gulf
9347:
9275:Saudi Arabia
9245:Standard Oil
9053:Well logging
8930:Petrophysics
8516:Royal titles
8441:Architecture
8278:Neo-Assyrian
8125:(Pre)history
7945:Persian Gulf
7944:
7862:
7843:
7717:Sea of Japan
7592:Bismarck Sea
7544:Persian Gulf
7543:
7529:Gulf of Suez
7524:Gulf of Oman
7504:Gulf of Aden
7471:Indian Ocean
7451:Thracian Sea
7436:Sea of Crete
7426:Sea of Åland
7421:Sargasso Sea
7396:Ligurian Sea
7381:Labrador Sea
7371:Irminger Sea
7326:Gulf of Lion
7281:Bothnian Sea
7271:Bay of Fundy
7246:Balearic Sea
7211:Adriatic Sea
7133:Beaufort Sea
7115:Arctic Ocean
7040:Amundsen Sea
6969:Saudi Arabia
6414:GCC Club Cup
6030:Bandar Siraf
6000:Bandar Abbas
5934:Zirku Island
5919:Sir Bani Yas
5864:Burj Al Arab
5829:Abu al Abyad
5804:Arabi Island
5799:Saudi Arabia
5749:Qaruh Island
5709:Sirri Island
5699:Qeshm Island
5684:Naaz islands
5674:Lavan Island
5669:Larak Island
5659:Kharg Island
5629:Farsi Island
5619:Buneh Island
5584:Umm an Nasan
5564:Jidda Island
5384:Indian Ocean
5354:Gulf of Oman
5339:Diyala River
5268:Persian Gulf
5267:
5214:Persian Gulf
5193:
5190:Persian Gulf
5167:the original
5156:
5144:. Retrieved
5140:the original
5129:
5120:
5114:
5087:
5081:
5071:
5059:. Retrieved
5044:
5032:. Retrieved
4972:
4968:
4936:
4932:
4904:
4883:. Retrieved
4853:. Retrieved
4838:
4826:. Retrieved
4811:
4799:. Retrieved
4784:
4772:. Retrieved
4768:the original
4734:. Retrieved
4720:
4708:. Retrieved
4704:the original
4700:"Case Study"
4665:
4642:
4622:WAM. 2017.
4618:
4606:. Retrieved
4592:
4575:
4558:
4546:. Retrieved
4534:
4521:
4501:
4479:
4470:
4457:
4437:
4425:. Retrieved
4410:
4371:. Retrieved
4360:
4351:
4327:
4307:
4283:
4267:Lambros M..
4263:
4250:
4233:
4226:Al Shindagha
4209:
4189:
4177:. Retrieved
4162:
4145:
4133:. Retrieved
4129:
4119:
4107:. Retrieved
4100:the original
4087:
4075:. Retrieved
4061:
4053:
4046:. Retrieved
4037:
4028:
4011:The Guardian
4009:
3996:
3984:. Retrieved
3980:
3970:
3954:. Springer.
3950:
3943:
3931:. Retrieved
3916:
3906:
3898:The Guardian
3897:
3888:
3878:
3871:
3861:
3853:
3841:. Retrieved
3827:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3782:
3767:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3708:. Trafford.
3704:
3697:
3683:
3663:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3629:
3609:
3602:
3582:
3558:. Retrieved
3543:
3536:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3464:
3458:
3448:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3376:
3372:
3348:
3346:
3338:
3329:
3304:
3294:
3261:
3255:
3246:
3234:. Retrieved
3227:the original
3214:
3202:. Retrieved
3198:
3188:
3172:
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:the original
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3090:
3064:. Retrieved
3053:
3027:. Retrieved
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
3000:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2974:
2965:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2928:
2920:the original
2915:
2911:
2901:
2869:(1): 57–73.
2866:
2862:
2852:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2740:. Retrieved
2736:the original
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2709:
2700:
2688:. Retrieved
2684:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2656:the original
2643:
2631:. Retrieved
2614:
2605:
2586:
2523:
2496:xalij-e fârs
2476:
2324:
2313:oil reserves
2310:
2295:
2264:Minoo Island
2161:
2155:
2144:
2118:
2089:
2079:
2076:
2054:Dugong dugon
2053:
2047:
2035:Gulf of Oman
2031:sperm whales
1978:Gulf of Oman
1974:Gulf of Aden
1966:Gulf of Suez
1951:
1938:
1925:unverifiable
1917:weasel words
1914:
1890:
1871:
1797:Saudi Arabia
1756:Bandar Abbas
1663:Saudi Arabia
1636:
1627:East of Suez
1621:
1581:
1545:Pirate Coast
1509:World War II
1497:Midhat Pasha
1443:
1430:
1412:
1399:Colonial era
1374:
1370:
1327:
1295:
1276:
1208:
1187:
1179:Gulf of Iran
1178:
1172:
1155:
1121:
1115:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1052:
1051:, or modern
1048:
1034:
1021:Gulf of Oman
996:Qeshm Island
992:
989:Oceanography
931:Greater Tunb
923:Qeshm island
920:
902:
898:Persian Gulf
897:
874:
851:
828:
805:
782:
759:
746:Saudi Arabia
736:
713:
688:
676:
672:Persian Gulf
671:
648:
625:
602:
579:
556:
543:Saudi Arabia
533:
510:
487:
463:
415:
410:Saudi Arabia
405:
378:Gulf of Oman
375:
364:
318:
295:
280:Gulf of Oman
268:Indian Ocean
256:Arabian Gulf
252:Persian Gulf
251:
249:
229:Water volume
205:Surface area
166:Saudi Arabia
137:Gulf of Oman
53:Persian Gulf
47:
43:Gulf Country
10029:Halliburton
9901:Phillips 66
9722:QatarEnergy
9692:Petrobangla
9627:KazMunayGas
9517:Supermajors
9466:heavy crude
9353:Prudhoe Bay
9333:Niger Delta
9313:Caspian Sea
9076:Concessions
9026:Measurement
8992:Geosteering
8975:Squeeze job
8885:Exploration
8834:Consumption
8793:Consumption
8786:Natural gas
8715:Bonny Light
8619:Hittitology
8609:Assyriology
8530:Archaeology
8400:Old Persian
8210:Jemdet Nasr
7795:Caspian Sea
7767:Visayan Sea
7747:Solomon Sea
7742:Sibuyan Sea
7737:Shantar Sea
7692:Molucca Sea
7687:Mar de Grau
7617:Chilean Sea
7612:Celebes Sea
7607:Camotes Sea
7572:Arafura Sea
7484:Arabian Sea
7479:Andaman Sea
7431:Sea of Azov
7406:Myrtoan Sea
7221:Alboran Sea
7173:Pechora Sea
7168:Lincoln Sea
7138:Chukchi Sea
7128:Barents Sea
7105:Weddell Sea
7075:Lazarev Sea
6789:Gulf Arabic
6742:Arabization
6681:Minke whale
6173:Khor Fakkan
5995:Arvandkenar
5975:Mina Salman
5679:Minu Island
5664:Kish Island
5624:Dara Island
5574:Nabih Saleh
5319:Arabian Sea
5061:23 November
5034:19 November
4885:24 November
4855:25 December
4828:25 December
4801:23 November
4736:19 November
4608:26 February
4548:26 February
4535:www.vliz.be
4427:26 February
4373:3 September
4179:24 November
3933:19 November
3646:24 November
3560:26 November
3236:28 December
3066:30 November
3029:30 November
2742:27 November
2715:25 February
2690:25 February
2665:28 December
2317:natural gas
2271:Oil and gas
2121:coral reefs
2015:minke whale
1927:information
1878:extirpation
1704:Kuwait City
1686:Kish island
1612:F-14 Tomcat
1608:Airbus A300
1588:oil tankers
1505:World War I
1438: 1556
1283:Mesopotamia
1211:Paleolithic
1190:pan-Arabism
1025:Arabian Sea
935:Lesser Tunb
406:Swift River
386:river delta
291:river delta
197:Max. length
106: /
81:Coordinates
18:Gulf region
10177:Categories
10079:Transocean
9946:Tullow Oil
9936:TechnipFMC
9702:PetroChina
9540:ExxonMobil
9446:Shale band
9323:East Texas
9296:and fields
9110:Downstream
9063:Production
8970:Completion
8898:Geophysics
8839:Production
8798:Production
8735:Indonesian
8710:Argus Sour
8702:Benchmarks
8583:Divination
8293:Achaemenid
8258:Isin-Larsa
8151:Trialetian
8146:Mousterian
8133:Prehistory
7831:Superocean
7805:Salton Sea
7772:Yellow Sea
7762:Tasman Sea
7707:Salish Sea
7587:Bering Sea
7494:Flores Sea
7461:Wadden Sea
7391:Libyan Sea
7361:Ionian Sea
7356:Hudson Bay
7301:Foxe Basin
7291:Celtic Sea
7251:Baltic Sea
7241:Baffin Bay
7216:Aegean Sea
7188:Wandel Sea
7163:Laptev Sea
7095:Scotia Sea
7080:Mawson Sea
6816:Gulf rupee
6811:Gulf Medal
6696:Pita skate
6560:Gulftainer
6545:Gulf Today
6306:Tanker war
6183:Port Saeed
6123:Hamad Port
5929:Yas Island
5874:Das Island
5839:Al Futaisi
5324:Bahmanshir
4583:. pp.611.
3986:11 January
3204:9 February
3129:4 December
3102:4 December
2553:References
2512:pronounced
2275:See also:
2163:Rhizophora
2080:kalbaensis
2023:blue whale
1976:, and the
1952:Along the
1866:See also:
1665:, and the
1461:Shāh Abbās
1445:Portuguese
1403:See also:
1364:, and the
1354:Royal Navy
1352:, and the
1334:Achaemenid
1227:floodplain
1141:Bundahishn
1108:Darius I,
979:Portuguese
961:, such as
915:See also:
685:Coastlines
479:Area (km)
355:See also:
335:under the
329:subduction
314:oil spills
221:Max. depth
10074:TC Energy
9975:companies
9805:Trafigura
9752:Sonatrach
9697:Petrobras
9687:Pertamina
9597:Ecopetrol
9563:companies
9507:companies
9505:petroleum
9481:tight oil
9476:oil shale
9471:oil sands
9451:Shale gas
9392:sweet oil
9363:Venezuela
9338:North Sea
9294:Provinces
9285:Venezuela
9132:Midstream
8827:Petroleum
8687:Petroleum
8456:Cuneiform
8332:Languages
8141:Acheulean
8028:Babylonia
7965:Euphrates
7915:Geography
7727:Seram Sea
7697:Moro Gulf
7622:Coral Sea
7602:Bohol Sea
7597:Bohai Sea
7582:Banda Sea
7554:Timor Sea
7411:North Sea
7376:James Bay
7366:Irish Sea
7276:Black Sea
7193:White Sea
7100:Somov Sea
7060:Davis Sea
6876:Ney-anbān
6767:Gargee'an
6621:Arecaceae
6540:Gulf News
6488:Qeshm Air
6464:Airlines
5334:Dez River
5297:Geography
5216:from 1920
5051:"Mangals"
4647:Gulf News
4241:. pp.59.
3759:162702326
3667:. BRILL.
3547:. BRILL.
3528:162674282
3520:0003-598X
3500:Antiquity
3481:144935980
3401:144935980
3393:0011-3204
3315:cite news
3286:154527123
2893:216032694
2836:0894-8755
2814:CiteSeerX
2769:: 55–70.
2623:0013-0613
2537:romanized
2490:romanized
2485:خلیج فارس
2335:Euphrates
2157:Avicennia
2151:mangroves
2147:symbiosis
2109:Hormozgan
2039:Abu Dhabi
1941:July 2015
1915:contains
1722:Abu Dhabi
1620:HMS
1533:Al Qasimi
1385:Silk Road
1319:Shapur II
1236:Neolithic
1118:Sassanian
1065:known as
1037:Assyrians
434:peninsula
394:Euphrates
351:Geography
264:West Asia
103:26°N 52°E
74:West Asia
10162:Category
10069:Subsea 7
10049:Petrofac
10044:NOV Inc.
10024:GE Power
10019:Enbridge
9973:services
9795:Mercuria
9785:Glencore
9747:Sonangol
9707:Petronas
9642:Naftogaz
9414:Peak oil
9397:sour oil
9152:Upstream
9147:Refining
9142:Pipeline
9098:Pumpjack
9093:Gas lift
9014:invasion
8957:Drilling
8844:Reserves
8803:Reserves
8602:Academia
8556:Religion
8425:Urartian
8420:Sumerian
8405:Parthian
8340:Akkadian
8313:Sasanian
8303:Parthian
8298:Seleucid
8248:Simurrum
8238:Akkadian
8171:Khiamian
8161:Natufian
8073:Simurrum
8058:Kassites
8053:Hittites
8008:Adiabene
7864:Category
7800:Dead Sea
7790:Aral Sea
7757:Sulu Sea
7712:Savu Sea
7682:Koro Sea
7677:Java Sea
7577:Bali Sea
7158:Kara Sea
7090:Ross Sea
6609:Wildlife
6483:Kish Air
6468:Gulf Air
6323:Gulf War
6045:Dargahan
5969:Bahraini
5614:Abu Musa
5270:region (
5106:12198193
5055:Archived
5049:SunySB.
5028:Archived
5007:24603901
4975:: 4250.
4969:Sci. Rep
4879:Archived
4849:Archived
4822:Archived
4795:Archived
4730:Archived
4674:Archived
4654:Archived
4649:. 2017.
4627:Archived
4602:Archived
4539:Archived
4510:Archived
4446:Archived
4421:Archived
4399:Archived
4367:Archived
4336:Archived
4316:Archived
4292:Archived
4272:Archived
4218:Archived
4198:Archived
4173:Archived
4135:10 April
4071:Archived
4042:Archived
4020:Archived
3914:(1970).
3837:Archived
3772:Archived
3640:Archived
3177:Archived
3150:Archived
3076:cite web
3039:cite web
2980:28 March
2844:14873658
2633:14 April
2627:Archived
2595:Archived
2575:Archived
2345:See also
2337:and the
2302:oilfield
2149:are the
2058:dolphins
1982:dolphins
1862:Wildlife
1775:Musandam
1592:Gulf War
1501:Al Thani
1453:Ottomans
1342:Parthian
1338:Seleucid
1273:in 1809.
1232:Holocene
1106:—
1063:Nearchus
981:and the
702:Country
476:Country
396:and the
325:Cenozoic
274:and the
70:Location
9737:Sinopec
9727:Rosneft
9607:Gazprom
9602:Equinor
9530:Chevron
9177:History
9043:Tracers
8965:Blowout
8854:Exports
8849:Imports
8813:Exports
8808:Imports
8588:Prayers
8573:Deities
8537:Looting
8380:Kassite
8375:Hurrian
8370:Hittite
8360:Elamite
8355:Eblaite
8350:Aramaic
8345:Amorite
8268:Kassite
8243:Gutians
8225:History
8190:Samarra
8186:Hassuna
8156:Zarzian
8078:Subartu
8068:Mitanni
8033:Chaldea
8023:Assyria
7996:Ancient
7549:Red Sea
6939:Bahrain
6730:Related
6162:Emirati
6148:Tanajib
6035:Bushehr
5989:Iranian
5534:Bahrain
5514:Islands
5470:Harireh
5146:4 March
4998:3945051
4977:Bibcode
4774:30 June
4710:10 July
4598:"Yemen"
4487:bioRxiv
4300:YouTube
4077:21 June
4038:Reuters
3843:7 March
3636:"Siraf"
3428:Bibcode
3278:2538446
3156:29 June
3006:8 March
2871:Bibcode
2806:Bibcode
2771:Bibcode
2539::
2510:',
2504:
2492::
2481:Persian
2221:leaping
2171:Gallery
1958:Red Sea
1886:Red Sea
1882:dugongs
1833:Bahrain
1639:Bahrain
1576:US Navy
1465:Persian
1393:Bushehr
1200:History
1158:removed
1156:Persian
1137:
1130:Pūitika
1126:Avestan
1097:Mudrâyâ
983:British
943:Bubiyan
911:Islands
838:Bahrain
705:Length
699:Number
677:240,756
612:Bahrain
594:11,786
571:31,819
548:33,792
525:52,455
502:97,860
473:Number
438:Bahrain
432:, on a
388:of the
343:of the
331:of the
310:ecology
258:, is a
246:, 2020.
174:Bahrain
10103:Others
10054:Saipem
9951:Tüpraş
9941:TNK-BP
9926:Sunoco
9916:Repsol
9876:Lukoil
9819:Others
9790:Gunvor
9424:timing
9358:Russia
9270:Norway
9255:France
9250:Canada
8415:Sutean
8390:Median
8385:Luwian
8365:Gutian
8253:Ur III
8166:Nemrik
8103:Cities
8098:Urartu
8048:Hamazi
8043:Gutium
8018:Armani
7970:Tigris
7923:Modern
7814:Others
7020:oceans
6954:Kuwait
6826:Habbān
6651:Dugong
6377:Sports
6164:ports
6139:ports
6119:ports
6105:Al-Faw
6091:ports
5991:ports
5971:ports
5952:Khasab
5821:
5796:
5776:
5724:Kuwait
5721:
5601:
5531:
5448:Places
5409:Persis
5379:Haffar
5226:Videos
5209:Flickr
5104:
5005:
4995:
4911:
4489:
4415:茂木陽一.
4153:
4109:22 May
4048:22 May
4016:London
3958:
3924:
3819:195948
3817:
3757:
3751:163353
3749:
3712:
3671:
3617:
3590:
3551:
3526:
3518:
3479:
3399:
3391:
3284:
3276:
2891:
2842:
2834:
2816:
2621:
2528:Arabic
2508:Persia
2339:Tigris
2260:sunset
2243:, Oman
2241:Dhofar
2185:Dugong
2098:, and
2062:whales
2050:dugong
2029:, and
2017:, and
1990:whales
1972:, the
1968:, the
1964:, the
1960:, the
1921:biased
1847:Al-Faw
1829:Manama
1793:Khobar
1771:Khasab
1758:, Iran
1708:Kuwait
1651:Kuwait
1622:Jufair
1600:Kuwait
1527:. The
1511:, the
1481:Hormuz
1463:, the
1379:, the
1362:Tigris
1330:Median
1306:Gerrha
1302:Dilmun
1093:Pirâva
1067:Indikê
1045:Persis
947:Tarout
894:Total
881:
858:
835:
815:Kuwait
812:
789:
766:
751:1,300
743:
728:1,536
720:
668:Total
655:
640:3,678
632:
617:8,826
609:
589:Kuwait
586:
563:
540:
517:
494:
444:; and
442:Kuwait
424:; the
398:Tigris
371:Arabia
286:. The
162:Kuwait
108:26; 52
9970:Major
9836:Cepsa
9810:Vitol
9780:Enron
9742:SOCAR
9682:Pemex
9677:PDVSA
9672:Orlen
9637:Lotos
9577:ANCAP
9545:Shell
9502:Major
9260:India
8864:Price
8818:Price
8760:Urals
8755:Tapis
8725:Dubai
8720:Brent
8501:Music
8451:Akitu
8308:Roman
8200:Ubaid
8195:Halaf
8093:Tukri
8088:Sumer
8083:Suhum
8063:Media
8013:Akkad
7821:Ocean
7016:Earth
6964:Qatar
6137:Saudi
6117:Qatar
6089:Iraqi
6070:Qeshm
5957:Liyan
5945:Ports
5869:Dalma
5579:Sitra
5369:Karun
5207:, at
4542:(PDF)
4531:(PDF)
4528:"pdf"
4467:(PDF)
4464:"pdf"
4402:(PDF)
4395:(PDF)
4344:issuu
4103:(PDF)
4096:(PDF)
3815:JSTOR
3755:S2CID
3747:JSTOR
3524:S2CID
3477:S2CID
3397:S2CID
3352:Gulf.
3282:S2CID
3274:JSTOR
3230:(PDF)
3223:(PDF)
2889:S2CID
2840:S2CID
2681:"EEZ"
2659:(PDF)
2652:(PDF)
2468:Notes
2141:Flora
2073:Birds
1994:orcas
1815:Qatar
1743:, UAE
1741:Dubai
1659:Qatar
1616:Dubai
1389:Siraf
1291:Ubaid
1279:Sumer
1122:Pūdīg
1101:Pârsa
967:Dubai
951:Dalma
903:5,117
792:Qatar
566:Qatar
430:Qatar
400:. In
302:coral
298:reefs
170:Qatar
148:Basin
10064:Snam
10004:CH2M
9757:TPAO
9265:Iraq
9235:OPEC
9230:GECF
8779:Data
8547:Tell
8205:Uruk
8038:Elam
7024:seas
7022:and
6959:Oman
6949:Iraq
6944:Iran
6691:Orca
6075:Suza
6060:Laft
6055:Kish
6050:Jask
5779:Oman
5604:Iran
5274:and
5272:Iran
5148:2011
5102:PMID
5063:2010
5036:2010
5003:PMID
4909:ISBN
4887:2010
4857:2010
4830:2010
4803:2010
4776:2008
4738:2010
4712:2009
4610:2016
4550:2016
4429:2016
4375:2017
4181:2010
4151:ISBN
4137:2019
4111:2015
4079:2018
4050:2015
3988:2020
3956:ISBN
3935:2010
3922:ISBN
3845:2018
3710:ISBN
3669:ISBN
3648:2010
3615:ISBN
3588:ISBN
3562:2010
3549:ISBN
3516:ISSN
3389:ISSN
3321:link
3238:2020
3206:2022
3158:2017
3131:2010
3104:2010
3082:link
3068:2010
3045:link
3031:2010
3008:2023
2982:2019
2959:(1).
2832:ISSN
2744:2010
2717:2021
2692:2021
2667:2020
2635:2016
2619:ISSN
2502:lit.
2321:Iraq
2288:and
2258:and
2256:Palm
2060:and
2019:orca
1992:and
1984:and
1851:Iraq
1811:Doha
1779:Oman
1690:Iran
1655:Oman
1647:Iraq
1643:Iran
1596:Iraq
1477:Iran
1421:The
1407:and
1366:Nile
1340:and
1192:and
1135:lit.
1078:Pars
1054:Fars
1049:Pars
1006:Name
975:Doha
969:and
957:for
939:Kish
937:and
884:Iraq
866:100
861:Oman
843:161
820:499
797:563
774:900
723:Iran
663:540
658:Iraq
635:Oman
497:Iran
446:Iraq
418:Oman
402:Iran
365:The
359:and
272:Iran
250:The
182:Oman
180:and
158:Iraq
154:Iran
124:Gulf
120:Type
94:52°E
91:26°N
34:and
9999:CGG
9896:OMV
9762:YPF
9535:Eni
8446:Art
7826:Sea
7018:'s
5092:doi
4993:PMC
4985:doi
4941:doi
4362:PBS
3807:doi
3739:doi
3508:doi
3469:doi
3436:doi
3424:142
3381:doi
3266:doi
2879:doi
2824:doi
2779:doi
2290:gas
2286:Oil
2262:in
2160:or
2027:sei
1923:or
1726:UAE
1475:in
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1429:. "
1116:In
973:in
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