Gunther - Knowledge

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desiring to avenge his sister and to gain Gunnar's treasure, Atli invites Gunnar and Högni to his court, intending to kill them. Gunnar is suspicious and Gudrun has tried to warn them not to come, but once he and Högni are drunk, Atli's messenger convinces them to accept the invitation. In spite of the warnings of their wives, Gunnar and Högni set out for Atli's court. Once they arrive the messenger reveals that it is a trap, and they kill him. Atli demands the treasure that Gunnar took for Sigurd, and when Gunnar refuses, they begin to fight. Eventually, Gunnar and Högni are captured. Gunnar says he will not tell Atli where the hoard is unless he sees Högni's heart. When he is finally shown the heart, Gunnar laughs and says that now only he knows where the hoard is and he will never tell. Atli then orders Gunnar thrown into a

38: 2521: 649:). He loses in combat against one of King Isung's sons, but is freed once Thidrek defeats Sigurd (Siegfried). Thidrek and Sigurd then accompany Gunnar back to his court, and Sigurd marries Gunnar's sister Grimhild. Sigurd suggests that Gunnar should marry Brunhild, and Gunnar agrees. Although Brunhild is initially reluctant, saying Sigurd had promised to marry her, she eventually agrees. However, she refuses to sleep with Gunnar and overpowers him with her immense strength when he tries to. Gunnar then tells Sigurd to take Gunnar's shape and deflower Brunhild for him. This takes away Brunhild's strength; after this, Brunhild is brought back to Gunnar's court. 910:

performs the action for him. Brynhild is thus forced to marry Gunnar. Some time later, Gudrun and Brynhild quarrel about whether Sigurd or Gunnar has the highest rank at the court. Gudrun then reveals the deception to Brynhild, who demands vengeance from Gunnar. He is unable to change her mind, and she demands that he kill Sigurd. Gunnar and Högni decide that their younger brother Guthorm, who has not sworn any oaths to Sigurd, should perform the murder. They feed him with wolf meat to make him more ferocious, then send him to kill Sigurd in his bed. After the murder, Brynhild commits suicide and prophesies Gunnar's fate.

790:, Atli's sister Oddrun narrates the story of her love for Gunnar. She tells how Atli refused to marry her to Gunnar after her sister Brunhild's death. She and Gunnar nevertheless begin an affair, sleeping together until one day they are discovered. In anger, Atli then murders Gunnar and Högni, throwing Gunnar into a snake pit. Oddrun says that she tries to help Gunnar escape the snake pit, but by the time she got there he was already dead, as her mother had turned into a snake and bitten him. 753:

death of Sigurd is not as bad as losing the queen, so they have their brother Guthorm murder him in his bed. Brunhild laughs loudly when she hears Gudrun's wailing, and Gunnar insults her and makes accusations against her when he hears her laugh. Brunhild tells him that she never wanted to marry him, but was forced to by her brother Atli. She then kills herself in spite of Gunnar's attempts to change her mind.

694:, a collection of heroic and mythological Nordic poems, appears to have been compiled around 1270 in Iceland, and assembles mythological and heroic songs of various ages. As elsewhere in the Scandinavian tradition, Gunnar is the son of Gjuki and the brother of Gudrun and Högni. Depending on the poem Guthorm is either his full brother, step-brother, or half-brother. A sister Gullrönd also appears in one poem. 814:(mirkwood) on their way to Atli's court. Once they arrive, Atli captures Gunnar and Högni. He demands Gunnar's hoard of gold, but Gunnar says he will not tell Atli until Högni is dead. Atli then kills Högni and brings his heart to Gunnar, who laughs and says now only he knows the secret of the hoard's location. He refuses to tell Atli, so Atli has him thrown into a 519:

Finally, only Gunther and Hagen are left alive; they allow Walter to leave, then attack him from behind. Walter cuts off Gunther's leg, but Hagen saves the king's life when Walter wishes to kill him. After both Hagen and Walter have maimed each other, the fighting stops and Hiltgunt tends the warriors' wounds. The warriors then part in friendship.

927: 578:) to allow Gunther to accomplish each challenge, and Brunhild is forced to marry Gunther. She refuses, however, to sleep with Gunther on her wedding night, tying him up and hanging him from a hook. Gunther again enlists Siegfried's help, who takes Gunther's shape and overpowers Brunhild so that Gunther can then sleep with her. 358:, who nevertheless confirmed Gundahar and his people's rights to their kingdom. However, the next year (436) Aetius, accompanied by Hunnish mercenaries, attacked and destroyed the Burgundian kingdom. According to Prosper of Aquitaine, Gundahar and the majority of his people found their deaths in Aetius's attack. 828:, possibly dating from the ninth century. The poem is particularly notable in that Sigurd is not mentioned at all. The presence of the forest Myrkviðr and the timelessness of the story show the poem to have moved into the realm of myth rather than historical legend. Alternatively, Myrkviðr could refer to the 669:

match the stories known by his Scandinavian audience. The saga's version of the downfall of the Burgundians represents a unique mix of elements known from the Norse and continental traditions. Some elements that are closer to the Norse version may reflect genuine Low German traditions: a "snake tower" (

697:

Generally, none of the poems in the collection is thought to be older than 900 and some appear to have been written in the thirteenth century. It is also possible that apparently old poems have been written in an archaicizing style and that apparently recent poems are reworkings of older material, so

668:

The author of the saga has made a number of changes to create a more or less coherent story out of the many oral and possibly written sources that he used to create the saga. The author mentions alternative Scandinavian versions of many of these same tales, and appears to have changed some details to

909:

and brother of Högni, Gudrun, and Guthorm. After Sigurd's arrival at the Burgundian court, Gunnar is encouraged by Grimhild to marry Brynhild. Brynhild, however, refuses to marry any man but the one who can ride through a wall of flame. Gunnar is unable to do this, and so Sigurd takes his shape and

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Some time later, Kriemhild and Brunhild quarrel, and Kriemhild tells Brunhild that Siegfried and not Gunther took her virginity. Brunhild complains to Gunther, who causes Siegfried to publicly swear that this is not true. Brunhild and Gunther's vassal Hagen, however, are not satisfied, and convince

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After some time conflict erupts between Brunhild and Grimhild over their respective statuses at court. The quarrel causes Grimhild to reveal to Brunhild that Sigurd took her virginity, not Gunnar. When Gunnar hears of this, he and Högni decide to kill Sigurd. Högni then kills Sigurd on a hunt, and

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Sigurd and Gunnar become friends when Sigurd comes to Gunnar's court, and Sigurd aids Gunnar in his wooing of Brunhild. Sigurd marries Gudrun, but Brunhild desires him for herself. In her jealousy, she threatens to leave Gunnar if he does not have Sigurd murdered. Gunnar and Högni decide that the

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by Worms. They sell the ferryman fish they had brought with them in exchange for passage, and the ferryman brings these fish, which do not live in the area, to the king. Hagen tells Gunther that this must be Walter, and Gunther declares that now he can reclaim the gold that his father had paid to

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from Gotland (ninth/tenth century) may depict a version of the story of Oddrun's aid to Gunnar, as it shows an unidentified female figure by the snake pit. She argues in favor of identifying the figure in the snake pit in all of these images with Gunnar, noting their apparent shared iconography.

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is only preserved fragmentarily: the surviving part of the poem tells the story of Sigurd's murder. The fragment opens with Högni questioning Gunnar's decision to have Sigurd murdered, believing that Brunhild's claim that Sigurd slept with her might be false. Soon after the murder occurs, Gunnar

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Oddrun appears to be a late addition to the legend, perhaps created so that the poet could "tell the story of the fall of the Nibelungs from a different point of view." She also provides an additional reason for enmity between Gunnar and Atli besides Atli's lust for treasure in Gunnar's role as

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is a short prose section connecting the death of Sigurd to the following poems about the Burgundians (Niflungs) and Atli (Attila). Atli, who is Brunhild's brother, blames Gunnar for Brunhild's death, and in order to placate him Gunnar marries Gudrun to Atli. Gunnar desires to marry Brunhild and

518:

in tribute. Although Hagen advises against it, the king sets out with some warriors to apprehend Walter and Hiltgunt. When Gunther finds the pair, he demands that Walter give him Hiltgunt and the gold. Walter refuses and kills Gunther's warriors as they attack, despite Gunther's encouragements.

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In order to be reconciled to Brynhild's brother Atli for her death, Gunnar arranges for Sigurd's widow, his sister Gudrun, to marry Atli. He also seeks to marry Atli's other sister Oddrun, but Atli refuses and the two begin an affair. Gunnar instead marries the woman Glaumvör. After some time,

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read by Högni's wife Kostbera telling them not to go, and an ominous dream by Gunnar's wife Glaumvör. When they arrive at Atli's court, Atli's messenger, who has accompanied them, announces that they must die. Gunnar and Högni kill him. Gudrun attempts to negotiate between the two sides but is

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Gunnar's death in the snake pit is well attested in pictorial depictions. Not all images of a man in a snake pit can be identified as Gunnar: the image appears to predate the story of Gunnar's death. Although only images that also depict a harp can be securely identified as depicting Gunnar,

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have been proposed to depict Gunnar in the snake pit, but without a harp: these images date from between the ninth and the eleventh centuries, and thus predate the secure attestations considerably. The earliest of these proposed identifications are the carvings on the cart found with the

979:), with the earliest dating to the twelfth-century and most dating to around 1200 or later. In all of these images, Gunnar is shown with a harp. The presence of Gunnar's death in Christian religious contexts shows that a Christian interpretation was common: his death was seen as 394:, and Gundahar. It makes no mention of any familial relationship between the kings, however. In the heroic tradition, Gibica (Gibeche/Gjúki) appears as Gundahar's father, while Gundomar (Guthorm/Gernot) and Gislaharius (Giselher) appear as his brothers and co-kings. 586:, and later arranges to steal the hoard of the Nibelungs that rightfully belongs to Kriemhild as Siegfried's widow. After some time, Kriemhild is persuaded to be reconciled with Gunther, but not with Hagen. After she has been married to King Etzel (Attila) of the 864:

unsuccessful; she fights with her brothers until they are captured. Atli then has Gunnar and Högni killed in order to spite Gudrun. Gunnar is thrown into a snake pit, where he plays the harp with his toes as his hands are bound. He is bitten and dies.

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shows himself to be deeply concerned about the future, while Brunhild admits that she lied to have Sigurd killed. Gunnar plays only a supporting role in the surviving portion of the poem, with Brunhild and Gudrun being the more important characters.

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Atli's sister Oddrun, but Atli refuses, so Gunnar and Oddrun become lovers. Some time later, Atli invites Gunnar and Högni to visit him, and they go despite a warning from Gudrun. Gunnar and Högni are taken prisoner, and Gunnar is thrown into a

522:

The story presents a contrast to Gunther's destruction in that he is attracted by the Huns' gold rather than the other way around. Like Gunther's role in the death of Siegfried, his role in the legend of Walter places him in a negative light.

1016:. Hagen convinces Gunther and Gutrune to respectively wed Brunhilde and Siegfried, using a love potion on Siegfried to make him forget Brunhilde. After Hagen murders Siegfried, he and Gunther argue over the ring and Hagen kills Gunther. 509:) to the Huns as a hostage because Gunther is still too young. Hagen later flees back to Gibeche's kingdom. When Walter and his love Hiltgunt flee the Huns, taking much treasure, they enter into Gunther's kingdom by crossing the 433:), Guðhere (Gunther) is preparing to attack Waldere (Walter). He refuses the gifts that Walther offers him to make peace and is portrayed as boastful. It appears that Guðhere wishes to take the gold that Waldere has with him. 665:, Gunnar plays a secondary role to Högni in the action at Atli's court. Once fighting breaks out at the Hunnish court, Gunnar is taken captive. Grimhild tells Atli to throw him into a tower full of snakes, where he dies. 748:

retells the story of Sigurd's life from his arrival at Gunnar's court to his murder. On account of its content, which dwells on psychological motivation, and its style, this poem is generally not thought to be very old.

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from c. 1200. In it, Gunther is the king of the Burgundians with a capital at Worms. He is the son of King Dancrat and Queen Ute and rules together with his royal brothers Giselher and Gernot, and his sister is named

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defeats and captures the two after his offers to surrender are rejected. Told by Hagen that he will only reveal the location of the hoard of the Nibelungs once Gunther is dead, Kriemhild has her brother beheaded.

153:. It is generally assumed that Gunther's involvement in these other legends, in which he plays a secondary or antagonistic role, is a later development. Gunther's importance in the story of the destruction of the 642:). He is the son of King Aldrian and Queen Oda and brother of Grimhild (Kriemhild), Gernoz (Gernot), and Gisler (Giselher), and half-brother of Högni (Hagen). In another version of the saga, his father is Irung. 935:

Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir argues that the presence of a harp appears to have originally been a variant of the story of Gunnar's death, and that images that do not depict a harp can therefore also depict Gunnar.

810:, Atli invites Högni and Gunnar to his hall, claiming to wish to offer them great riches, but actually intending to kill them. Gunnar decides to come although Gudrun has sent them a warning. They cross through 714:, a prophecy that Sigurd receives about his future life and deeds, Sigurd learns of his future marriage to Gudrun and his role taking Gunnar's place in his wooing of Brunhild, followed by his murder. 276:

Gundahar is the first king of Burgundy to be historically attested. It is unclear if he ruled alone or if he may have ruled together with brothers, as occurs in the heroic tradition; the title

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comes to Worms to woo Kriemhild, he first challenges Gunther as king before the situation is resolved peacefully. Gunther subsequently relies on Siegfried to defeat his enemies the

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cross (c. 1000) shows a bound figure surrounded by snakes who has been identified as Gunnar. An alternative interpretation is that the figure is meant to represent

590:, she invites her brothers to visit, plotting revenge. Gunther accepts this invitation despite Hagen's warning, and the Burgundians trek from Worms to Etzelburg ( 2520: 884:

fairly closely, although there is no indication that the author knew the other text. The author appears to have been working in Norway and to have known the

3019: 859:

with several important differences. When Gunnar receives Atli's invitation, he and Högni shrug off the warning sent by Gudrun. They then ignore the

661:). She intends to kill them, while Atli desires the hoard they had taken from Sigurd. Gunnar agrees to come despite Högni's warnings. As in the 2195:

Das Nibelungenlied und die Klage. Nach der Handschrift 857 der Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen. Mittelhochdeutscher Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar

533: 4189: 369:. The memory of Gundahar and his downfall was likely preserved by these survivors, as well as by observers from neighboring Germanic tribes. 323:

on the lower Rhine. He is attested as being involved in Jovinus's campaigns in southern Gaul. Following Jovinus's defeat in 413, the Roman

570:. Brunhild has set various martial and physical challenges that any suitor must accomplish, or else she will kill him. Siegfried uses his 1012:

Here Gunther is ruler of the Gibichungs, son of Gibich and Grimhilde. Hagen is his half-brother, his father being the villainous dwarf

3087: 2771: 4154: 4194: 2348: 2290: 2263: 2244: 2225: 2202: 2183: 2164: 2145: 2093: 2084:

Guðmundsdóttir, Aðalheiður (2015). "Gunnarr Gjúkason and images of snake-pits". In Heizmann, Wilhelm; Oehrl, Sigmund (eds.).

2074: 2055: 2034: 1986: 1004:

Guðmundsdóttir nevertheless dismisses a number of other proposed images of Gunnar, on the grounds that they are not clear.

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in 406/407, together with numerous other Germanic tribes. Their king Gundahar is first attested in 411 as cooperating with

2446: 2132:

Haubrichs, Wolfgang (2004). ""Heroische Zeiten?": Wanderungen von Heldennamen und Heldensagen zwischen den germanischen

4164: 2716: 2067:

Catalogue of Persons Named in German Heroic Literature, 700-1600: Including Named Animals and Objects and Ethnic Names

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texts, as well as in various pictorial depictions from Scandinavia. Most significantly, he plays a role in the German

4159: 2992: 645:

Gunnar first appears when he takes part in the expedition of twelve heroes to Bertangenland organized by Thidrek (

562:. Eventually, Gunther offers to allow Siegfried to marry Kriemhild if Siegfried first helps him woo the queen of 4199: 4179: 957: 3000: 744: 37: 4048: 2103:

Guðmundsdóttir, Aðalheiður; Cosser, Jeffrey (2012). "Gunnarr and the Snake Pit in Medieval Art and Legend".

4184: 4174: 3214: 2764: 271: 582:

Gunther to have Siegfried murdered while on a hunt. Hagen kills Siegfried, taking possession of his sword

4169: 4076: 984: 75: 619:(c. 1250) is written in Old Norse, the majority of the material is translated from German (particularly 31: 2301: 728: 3834: 2889: 2327: 2314: 851: 141:(Etzel/Atli). The character also became attached to other legends: most notably he is associated with 1965: 774:: he puts the snakes to sleep with his harp, but in the end one bites him in the liver, and he dies. 4144: 3911: 2836: 3680: 3073: 17: 3736: 2439: 999:

burial. This identification is very controversial. Guðmundsdóttir suggests that the picture stone

3792: 2921: 2757: 918:, where he plays the harp with his toes as his hands are bound. In the end, the snakes kill him. 478:; it is conventionally dated to around 1000, but some scholars argue that it was produced in the 335:. Based on the later heroic tradition, many scholars identify their area of settlement as around 4034: 3694: 2490: 285: 134: 4083: 3890: 3652: 2984: 2903: 2723: 837: 571: 300: 99: 3974: 3848: 3729: 3722: 3708: 2949: 2896: 2831: 2416: 2399: 880:

tells a longer prose version of Gunther's life and deeds. It follows the plot given in the

289: 173: 3813: 110:

before the latter's defeat, after which he was settled on the left bank of the Rhine as a

8: 4149: 3981: 3953: 3613: 3375: 2502: 2044:

Gentry, Francis G.; McConnell, Winder; Müller, Ulrich; Wunderlich, Werner, eds. (2011) .

980: 475: 420: 205: 150: 149:, and is implicated in Sigurd's murder. He also appears as an adversary in the legend of 48: 2432: 968:

nearby make an identification of the bound figure on the stone with Gunnar very likely.

3988: 3904: 3820: 3806: 2565: 2136:

des frühen Mittelalters". In Nahl, Astrid von; Elmevik, Lennart; Brink, Stefan (eds.).

2120: 976: 786: 598:. When fighting begins, Gunther fights bravely. When only he and Hagen are left alive, 479: 165: 98:

in the early 5th century. Gundahar is attested as ruling his people shortly after they

87: 3340: 3193: 653:

Gunnar and he place the corpse in Grimhild's bed. Later, Grimhild is married to Atli (

537:

Gunther and the Burgundians prepare to leave for Etzel's court. Hundeshagenscher Kodex

4016: 3960: 3827: 3687: 3305: 2942: 2821: 2710: 2483: 2344: 2286: 2259: 2240: 2221: 2198: 2179: 2160: 2141: 2089: 2070: 2051: 2030: 1982: 1000: 953:

The earliest depiction that has been relatively securely identified as Gunnar is the

646: 599: 320: 3967: 3869: 3666: 3645: 3494: 3242: 3228: 3046: 2704: 2687: 2406: 2112: 657:), and she invites her brothers to visit her and her new husband's court at Susat ( 615: 583: 374: 325: 95: 3515: 2882: 2509: 2456: 2388: 876: 765: 673:) is attested as having existed in Soest until the end of the eighteenth century. 594:). Gunther can be said to play a secondary role to Hagen in the conclusion of the 196: 4115: 4097: 3785: 3452: 3410: 3096: 2868: 2477: 2045: 3918: 3592: 3585: 3284: 3221: 2176:

Heroic legends of the North: an introduction to the Nibelung and Dietrich cycles

888:(c. 1250), a translation of continental Germanic traditions into Old Norse (see 230:

The name of the historical Gundahar is attested in the primary sources as Latin

4122: 4062: 4055: 4041: 3925: 3778: 3764: 3501: 3459: 3256: 3130: 2976: 2958: 2806: 2781: 2730: 2560: 2213: 972: 710: 658: 639: 623:) oral tales, as well as possibly some from German written sources such as the 498: 361:

Aetius resettled the survivors of the destruction of the Burgundian kingdom in

355: 336: 217: 201: 178: 138: 123: 52: 43: 2935: 2116: 2009: 1778: 1718: 1361: 961: 926: 4138: 3939: 3897: 3396: 3382: 2928: 2496: 1790: 1532: 1424: 1373: 1308: 965: 954: 829: 449:

reports that he was given a ring by Guðhere when he visited the Burgundians (

347: 316: 119: 4069: 3946: 4009: 3995: 3883: 3627: 3536: 3249: 996: 943: 329:

Constantius settled the Burgundians on the left bank of the Rhine as Roman

115: 3172: 2646: 2605: 806: 3876: 3620: 3550: 3522: 3466: 3403: 3312: 3263: 2875: 2677: 2378: 939: 690: 410: 391: 190: 154: 3543: 2359: 2124: 2013: 1997: 1952: 811: 3799: 3757: 3715: 3564: 3529: 3480: 3473: 3445: 3354: 3319: 3207: 3200: 3165: 3038: 2826: 2682: 2285:. Translated by Larrington, Carolyne. Oxford: Oxford University. 2014. 975:

in Norway or areas formerly under Norwegian control in Sweden (see the

938:

Only one potential depiction is located outside of Scandinavia, on the

620: 470: 387: 382:

at the Burgundians' new kingdom, mentions four older Burgundian kings:

184: 103: 3361: 3291: 2615: 818:. Gunnar plays his harp there until he is bitten by a snake and dies. 3841: 3599: 3389: 3144: 2610: 915: 815: 771: 551: 547: 342:

In the 430s, the Burgundians came under increasing pressure from the

331: 169: 111: 2636: 2424: 971:

Gunnar can be securely identified on a number of church portals and

346:; likely as a reaction to this Gundahar attacked the Roman province 133:

The historical Gundahar's death became the basis for a tradition in

3855: 3771: 3673: 3606: 3431: 3333: 3270: 3186: 3179: 3158: 3137: 3123: 2846: 2841: 2816: 2540: 2383: 1037: 1013: 906: 898:

is dated to sometime in the second half of the thirteenth century.

631: 567: 379: 146: 3571: 3326: 3065: 2570: 902: 3508: 3487: 3438: 3424: 3368: 3277: 3151: 2749: 2631: 2590: 2580: 2545: 2471: 1928: 1916: 1853: 991: 563: 445: 415: 312: 127: 107: 1882: 1880: 1819: 1817: 339:, though some scholars have argued in favor of other locations. 223:, meaning war or conflict. The second element is Proto-Germanic 4090: 4002: 3932: 3862: 3750: 3659: 3557: 3417: 3347: 3298: 2851: 2801: 2796: 2600: 2550: 2535: 2043: 1796: 1784: 1724: 1538: 1430: 1379: 1367: 1314: 990:

Seven additional images from Norway, Sweden, and the island of

654: 555: 515: 494: 383: 142: 130:

mercenaries the following year, resulting in Gundahar's death.

106:. He was involved in the campaigns of the failed Roman usurper 2656: 2366:. Vol. 28. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 424–426. 2334:. Vol. 21. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 135–138. 1959:. Vol. 13. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 193–194. 114:. In 436, Gundahar launched an attack from his kingdom on the 3701: 3578: 3235: 2661: 2641: 2595: 2575: 2362:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 2330:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 2321:. Vol. 4. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 231–235. 2317:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 2304:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 2004:. Vol. 1. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 465–467. 2000:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 1972:. Vol. 4. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 235–247. 1968:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 1955:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). 1904: 1892: 1877: 1841: 1829: 1814: 964:, Sweden. Guðmundsdóttir argues that the presence of several 860: 559: 510: 366: 362: 354:) in 435. The Burgundians were defeated by the Roman general 351: 308: 161: 137:

in which the legendary Gunther met his death at the court of

56: 2738:

The Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs

2308:. Vol. 12. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 66–69. 1658: 1544: 1496: 1472: 1400: 1185: 1183: 246:). Medieval Latin gives the name of the legendary figure as 2651: 2585: 947: 676: 591: 587: 343: 304: 2138:

Namenwelten: Orts- und Personennamen in historischer Sicht

1351: 1349: 1347: 1202: 1200: 1198: 824:

is commonly supposed to be one of the oldest poems in the

501:. At the beginning of the poem, Gunther's father Gibeche ( 1730: 1619: 1592: 1568: 1460: 1448: 1332: 1320: 1296: 1260: 1224: 1180: 1168: 208:

cycle, which is based on the medieval legends of Sigurd.

1682: 1648: 1646: 1390: 1388: 1236: 1098: 27:

Semi-legendary king of Burgundy of the early 5th century

1706: 1694: 1670: 1609: 1607: 1520: 1344: 1195: 1158: 1156: 1141: 1061: 419:(c. 1000), the Old English attestation of the story of 2218:

Die dänischen Nibelungenballaden: Texte und Kommentare

1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1076: 2140:. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter. pp. 513–534. 2086:

Bilddenkmäler zur germanischen Götter- und Heldensage

1865: 1802: 1766: 1754: 1742: 1643: 1631: 1580: 1556: 1508: 1436: 1412: 1385: 1284: 1272: 1248: 1212: 930:

Gunnar in snakepit at Hylestad stave church, c. 1200.

2102: 1604: 1484: 1153: 1049: 1043: 1025: 126:, who destroyed Gundahar's kingdom with the help of 3020:

Das Nibelungenlied: Ein Heldenepos in 39 Abenteuern

1129: 1110: 1073: 4136: 70:(died 437), better known by his legendary names 2088:. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter. pp. 351–371. 541:Gunther's story next appears in writing in the 2083: 1934: 1922: 1910: 1898: 1886: 1859: 1847: 1835: 1823: 3081: 2765: 2440: 2174:Haymes, Edward R.; Samples, Susan T. (1996). 2173: 2008: 1664: 1550: 1406: 2027:The Nibelungenlied. The Lay of the Nibelungs 160:Gunther appears as a legendary character in 2364:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 2332:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 2319:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 2306:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 2299: 2002:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 1970:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 1957:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 1189: 1174: 1104: 736: 474:is a Latin epic that reworks the legend of 3088: 3074: 2772: 2758: 2447: 2433: 2281: 843: 288:may suggest he was not the sole ruler. In 2312: 2256:Germanische Heldendichtung im Mittelalter 2211: 2131: 2064: 2047:The Nibelungen Tradition. An Encyclopedia 1976: 1526: 1502: 1355: 1242: 1206: 1067: 1055: 456: 397: 2325: 925: 720: 677:Scandinavian traditions and attestations 532: 36: 2300:Nedoma, Robert; Anton, Hans H. (1998). 2234: 2192: 2024: 921: 216:The first element of Gunther's name is 122:. He was defeated by the Roman general 14: 4137: 2338: 2272: 2253: 2197:. Berlin: Deutscher Klassiker Verlag. 2154: 1871: 1808: 1772: 1760: 1748: 1736: 1712: 1688: 1676: 1652: 1637: 1625: 1598: 1586: 1574: 1562: 1514: 1490: 1478: 1466: 1454: 1442: 1418: 1394: 1338: 1326: 1302: 1290: 1278: 1266: 1254: 1230: 1218: 1031: 1007: 265: 3069: 2753: 2454: 2428: 2357: 1963: 1950: 1613: 1162: 1147: 1135: 1123: 1092: 443:The narrator of the Old English poem 200:. He also plays an important role in 4190:Kings in Norse mythology and legends 2277:(3 ed.). Berlin: Erich Schmidt. 1995: 1700: 698:that reliable dating is impossible. 372:The late fifth-/early-sixth century 3095: 2155:Haymes, Edward R. (trans.) (1988). 2029:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 717:The poem is probably not very old. 24: 2779: 1981:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. 901:Gunnar is portrayed as the son of 681: 630:Gunnar (Gunther) is a king of the 627:. Therefore, it is included here. 378:, produced by the Burgundian king 25: 4211: 2050:. New York, Abingdon: Routledge. 2018:Germanische Altertumskunde Online 526: 3807:Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter) 2519: 2283:The Poetic Edda: Revised Edition 2258:. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. 2025:Edwards, Cyril (trans.) (2010). 1044:Guðmundsdóttir & Cosser 2012 867: 777: 756: 634:who live in northern Germany at 2717:The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún 1977:Andersson, Theodore M. (1980). 4155:5th-century monarchs in Europe 2193:Heinzle, Joachim, ed. (2013). 2012:; Preißler, Katharina (2015). 606: 299:A majority of the Burgundians 13: 1: 3001:Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King 2315:"Burgunden 3: Burgundensagen" 2237:Mittelhochdeutsche Heldenepik 2069:. Oxford: Oxford University. 2065:Gillespie, George T. (1973). 2020:. Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter. 1943: 638:, with a capital at Verniza ( 505:) has sent his vassal Hagen ( 461: 258:, and Middle High German has 4195:German masculine given names 3215:Companions of Saint Nicholas 797: 701: 272:Burgundian Revolt of Gunther 211: 7: 4077:Hirschsprung (Black Forest) 2372: 2313:Rosenfeld, Hellmut (1981). 2235:Lienert, Elisabeth (2015). 2157:The Saga of Thidrek of Bern 1966:"Burgunden 4: Historisches" 493:) appears as a king of the 55:to drop the hoard into the 10: 4216: 4049:Volksmärchen der Deutschen 3884:Peter Nikoll (Black Peter) 436: 402: 269: 29: 4165:Monarchs killed in action 4107: 4026: 3637: 3115: 3108:German-speaking countries 3103: 3030: 3011: 2968: 2913: 2860: 2789: 2696: 2670: 2624: 2528: 2517: 2463: 2413: 2404: 2396: 2358:Würth, Stephanie (2005). 2326:Sprenger, Ulrike (2002). 2273:Müller, Jan-Dirk (2009). 2239:. Berlin: Erich Schmidt. 2117:10.1017/S0038713412003144 1665:Haymes & Samples 1996 1551:Haymes & Samples 1996 1407:Haymes & Samples 1996 840:in the eleventh century. 4160:Kings of the Burgundians 3681:Christman Genipperteinga 3047:The Ring of the Nibelung 3039:The Ring of the Nibelung 1019: 985:Daniel in the lions' den 983:related to the story of 855:tells the same story as 745:Sigurðarkviða hin skamma 738:Sigurðarkviða hin skamma 250:, while Anglo-Saxon has 4027:Legends and fairy tales 3835:Kunigunde von Orlamünde 3793:Heinrich von Winkelried 2922:Der Ring des Nibelungen 2890:Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid 2254:Millet, Victor (2008). 2220:. Göppingen: Kümmerle. 1996:Beck, Heinrich (1973). 1964:Anton, Hans H. (1981). 1951:Anton, Hans H. (1999). 1190:Nedoma & Anton 1998 1175:Nedoma & Anton 1998 1105:Nedoma & Anton 1998 852:Atlamál hin groenlenzku 845:Atlamál hin groenlenzku 91: 79: 3912:Rüdiger von Bechelaren 3695:Eppelein von Gailingen 2343:. Stuttgart: Metzler. 2341:Germanische Heldensage 2339:Uecker, Heiko (1972). 1979:The Legend of Brynhild 1481:, pp. xxvii–xxix. 931: 894:above). Therefore the 538: 457:Continental traditions 431:Continental traditions 398:Anglo-Saxon traditions 286:Olympiodorus of Thebes 157:also waned with time. 135:Germanic heroic legend 60: 4200:Masculine given names 4180:German heroic legends 4084:Venusberg (mythology) 3891:Pied Piper of Hamelin 3737:Götz von Berlichingen 3653:Arnold von Winkelried 2904:Biterolf und Dietleib 2724:The Lord of the Rings 2178:. New York: Garland. 2159:. New York: Garland. 929: 838:Thietmar of Merseburg 729:Brot af Sigurðarkviðu 722:Brot af Sigurðarkviðu 572:cloak of invisibility 536: 182:, the medieval Latin 40: 3975:Walram of Thierstein 3849:Matthias Klostermayr 3730:Giselher of Burgundy 3723:Genevieve of Brabant 3709:Frederick Barbarossa 2897:Rosengarten zu Worms 922:Pictorial depictions 497:with his capital at 292:he is identified as 290:Prosper of Aquitaine 188:, and the Old Norse 94:), was a historical 30:For other uses, see 4185:Burgundian warriors 4175:Medieval literature 4035:Grimms' Fairy Tales 3982:Walter of Aquitaine 3954:The Smith of Kochel 1937:, pp. 370–371. 1935:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1925:, pp. 368–370. 1923:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1911:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1899:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1887:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1862:, pp. 355–358. 1860:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1848:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1836:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1824:Guðmundsdóttir 2015 1739:, pp. 299–300. 1628:, pp. 297–298. 1601:, pp. 296–297. 1577:, pp. 295–296. 1469:, pp. 271–272. 1457:, pp. 273–274. 1341:, pp. 270–273. 1329:, pp. 183–185. 1305:, pp. 181–182. 1269:, pp. 108–109. 1233:, pp. 105–106. 1150:, pp. 238–240. 1008:Wagnerian mythology 832:, which are called 476:Walter of Aquitaine 421:Walter of Aquitaine 409:In the fragmentary 266:Historical Gundahar 151:Walter of Aquitaine 49:Peter von Cornelius 4170:Nibelung tradition 3989:Werner Stauffacher 3905:Punker of Rohrbach 3821:Knight of the Swan 2985:The Dragon's Blood 2566:Helgi Hundingsbane 2275:Das Nibelungenlied 1797:Gentry et al. 2011 1785:Gentry et al. 2011 1725:Gentry et al. 2011 1703:, p. 466-467. 1539:Gentry et al. 2011 1505:, p. 55 n. 9. 1431:Gentry et al. 2011 1380:Gentry et al. 2011 1368:Gentry et al. 2011 1315:Gentry et al. 2011 932: 539: 480:Carolingian period 284:) given to him by 166:Middle High German 76:Middle High German 61: 4132: 4131: 4017:Xaver Hohenleiter 3961:Till Eulenspiegel 3828:Konrad Baumgarten 3814:Klaus Störtebeker 3688:Dietrich von Bern 3306:Feuermann (ghost) 3063: 3062: 2822:Dietrich von Bern 2747: 2746: 2711:Hagbard and Signy 2491:Norna-Gests þáttr 2423: 2422: 2414:Succeeded by 2350:978-3-476-10106-8 2292:978-0-19-967534-0 2265:978-3-11-020102-4 2246:978-3-503-15573-6 2227:978-3-87452-237-3 2212:Holzapfel, Otto ( 2204:978-3-618-66120-7 2185:978-0-8153-0033-5 2166:978-0-8240-8489-9 2147:978-3-11-018108-1 2095:978-3-11-040733-4 2076:978-0-19-815718-2 2057:978-0-8153-1785-2 2036:978-0-19-923854-5 1988:978-0-8014-1302-5 1691:, p. 48, 51. 1001:Klinte Hunninge I 836:by the historian 647:Dietrich von Bern 600:Dietrich von Bern 321:Germania Inferior 301:crossed the Rhine 100:crossed the Rhine 51:, Gunther orders 41:According to the 16:(Redirected from 4207: 4125: 4118: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4019: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3968:Volker von Alzey 3963: 3956: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3870:Otto the Younger 3865: 3858: 3851: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3669: 3667:Baron Munchausen 3662: 3655: 3648: 3646:Albrecht Gessler 3630: 3623: 3616: 3614:Will-o'-the-wisp 3609: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3525: 3518: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3495:Nixie (folklore) 3490: 3483: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3455: 3448: 3441: 3434: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3376:Jack o' the bowl 3371: 3364: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3336: 3329: 3322: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3266: 3259: 3252: 3245: 3243:Dwarf (folklore) 3238: 3231: 3229:Drak (mythology) 3224: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3133: 3126: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3067: 3066: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2523: 2449: 2442: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2407:King of Burgundy 2397:Preceded by 2394: 2393: 2367: 2354: 2335: 2328:"Nibelungensage" 2322: 2309: 2296: 2278: 2269: 2250: 2231: 2208: 2189: 2170: 2151: 2128: 2111:(4): 1015–1049. 2099: 2080: 2061: 2040: 2021: 2005: 1992: 1973: 1960: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1875: 1869: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1821: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1746: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1716: 1715:, p. 58-59. 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1679:, p. 49-50. 1674: 1668: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1641: 1635: 1629: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1602: 1596: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1306: 1300: 1294: 1288: 1282: 1276: 1270: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1204: 1193: 1187: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1127: 1121: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1071: 1065: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1029: 794:Oddrun's lover. 375:Lex Burgundionum 326:magister militum 319:in the province 254:, Old Norse has 227:, meaning army. 143:Siegfried/Sigurd 96:king of Burgundy 21: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4128: 4121: 4116:German folklore 4114: 4103: 4098:Walpurgis Night 4096: 4089: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4022: 4015: 4008: 4001: 3994: 3987: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3945: 3938: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3819: 3812: 3805: 3798: 3791: 3786:Hans von Trotha 3784: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3693: 3686: 3679: 3672: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3644: 3633: 3626: 3619: 3612: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3584: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3535: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3507: 3500: 3493: 3486: 3479: 3472: 3465: 3458: 3453:Mare (folklore) 3451: 3444: 3437: 3430: 3423: 3416: 3411:Knecht Ruprecht 3409: 3402: 3395: 3388: 3381: 3374: 3367: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3341:Heinzelmännchen 3339: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3276: 3269: 3262: 3255: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3227: 3220: 3213: 3206: 3199: 3194:Buschgroßmutter 3192: 3185: 3178: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3150: 3143: 3136: 3129: 3122: 3111: 3099: 3097:German folklore 3094: 3064: 3059: 3026: 3007: 2964: 2950:Götterdämmerung 2909: 2869:Nibelungenklage 2856: 2785: 2778: 2748: 2743: 2692: 2666: 2620: 2524: 2515: 2478:Heysham hogback 2459: 2453: 2419: 2410: 2402: 2375: 2370: 2351: 2293: 2266: 2247: 2228: 2216:), ed. (1974). 2205: 2186: 2167: 2148: 2096: 2077: 2058: 2037: 1989: 1946: 1941: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1909: 1905: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1878: 1870: 1866: 1858: 1854: 1846: 1842: 1834: 1830: 1822: 1815: 1807: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1743: 1735: 1731: 1723: 1719: 1711: 1707: 1699: 1695: 1687: 1683: 1675: 1671: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1644: 1636: 1632: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1605: 1597: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1573: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1509: 1501: 1497: 1489: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1465: 1461: 1453: 1449: 1441: 1437: 1429: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1393: 1386: 1378: 1374: 1366: 1362: 1354: 1345: 1337: 1333: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1309: 1301: 1297: 1289: 1285: 1277: 1273: 1265: 1261: 1253: 1249: 1241: 1237: 1229: 1225: 1217: 1213: 1205: 1196: 1188: 1181: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1154: 1146: 1142: 1134: 1130: 1122: 1111: 1103: 1099: 1091: 1074: 1066: 1062: 1054: 1050: 1046:, p. 1015. 1042: 1038: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1010: 973:baptismal fonts 958:Södermanland 40 924: 872: 848: 802: 782: 761: 741: 725: 706: 686: 683:The Poetic Edda 679: 611: 531: 466: 459: 441: 407: 400: 311:, to proclaim 274: 268: 214: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4213: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4123:Swiss folklore 4119: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4063:Nibelungenlied 4059: 4056:Gespensterbuch 4052: 4045: 4042:Deutsche Sagen 4038: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4013: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3929: 3926:Schinderhannes 3922: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3873: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3831: 3824: 3817: 3810: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3782: 3779:Hans von Sagan 3775: 3768: 3765:Hagen (legend) 3761: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3677: 3670: 3663: 3656: 3649: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3582: 3575: 3568: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3519: 3512: 3505: 3502:Ork (folklore) 3498: 3491: 3484: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3460:Mephistopheles 3456: 3449: 3442: 3435: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3372: 3365: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3337: 3330: 3323: 3316: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3288: 3281: 3274: 3267: 3260: 3257:Ekke Nekkepenn 3253: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3225: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3162: 3155: 3148: 3141: 3134: 3131:Alp (folklore) 3127: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3093: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3070: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3057: 3051: 3043: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3024: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 2997: 2993:Die Nibelungen 2989: 2981: 2977:Die Nibelungen 2972: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2962: 2955: 2954: 2953: 2946: 2939: 2932: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2900: 2893: 2886: 2879: 2872: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2852:Etzel (Attila) 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2782:Nibelungenlied 2777: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2754: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2741: 2734: 2731:Nibelungenlied 2727: 2720: 2713: 2708: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2513: 2506: 2503:Skáldskaparmál 2499: 2494: 2487: 2480: 2475: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2437: 2429: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2412: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2368: 2360:"Sigurdlieder" 2355: 2349: 2336: 2323: 2310: 2297: 2291: 2279: 2270: 2264: 2251: 2245: 2232: 2226: 2214:Otto Holzapfel 2209: 2203: 2190: 2184: 2171: 2165: 2152: 2146: 2129: 2100: 2094: 2081: 2075: 2062: 2056: 2041: 2035: 2022: 2006: 1993: 1987: 1974: 1961: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1939: 1927: 1915: 1913:, p. 364. 1903: 1901:, p. 358. 1891: 1889:, p. 360. 1876: 1874:, p. 169. 1864: 1852: 1850:, p. 355. 1840: 1838:, p. 353. 1828: 1826:, p. 352. 1813: 1811:, p. 317. 1801: 1789: 1787:, p. 105. 1777: 1775:, p. 316. 1765: 1763:, p. 313. 1753: 1751:, p. 319. 1741: 1729: 1727:, p. 101. 1717: 1705: 1693: 1681: 1669: 1667:, p. 124. 1657: 1655:, p. 306. 1642: 1640:, p. 298. 1630: 1618: 1616:, p. 426. 1603: 1591: 1589:, p. 301. 1579: 1567: 1565:, p. 294. 1555: 1553:, p. 119. 1543: 1531: 1527:Gillespie 1973 1519: 1517:, p. 288. 1507: 1503:Gillespie 1973 1495: 1483: 1471: 1459: 1447: 1445:, p. 267. 1435: 1423: 1421:, p. 266. 1411: 1409:, p. 114. 1399: 1397:, p. 264. 1384: 1372: 1370:, p. 103. 1360: 1356:Gillespie 1973 1343: 1331: 1319: 1307: 1295: 1293:, p. 198. 1283: 1281:, p. 117. 1271: 1259: 1257:, p. 106. 1247: 1245:, p. 233. 1243:Rosenfeld 1981 1235: 1223: 1221:, p. 109. 1211: 1207:Gillespie 1973 1194: 1179: 1167: 1165:, p. 241. 1152: 1140: 1138:, p. 238. 1128: 1126:, p. 194. 1109: 1097: 1095:, p. 193. 1072: 1070:, p. 136. 1068:Gillespie 1973 1060: 1056:Gillespie 1973 1048: 1036: 1034:, p. 118. 1023: 1021: 1018: 1009: 1006: 995:ninth-century 923: 920: 871: 866: 847: 842: 801: 796: 781: 776: 760: 755: 740: 735: 724: 719: 705: 700: 685: 680: 678: 675: 625:Nibelungenlied 610: 605: 596:Nibelungenlied 543:Nibelungenlied 530: 528:Nibelungenlied 525: 489:, Gunther (as 465: 460: 458: 455: 440: 435: 406: 401: 399: 396: 356:Flavius Aetius 350:(based around 307:, king of the 267: 264: 218:Proto-Germanic 213: 210: 202:Richard Wagner 179:Nibelungenlied 139:Attila the Hun 124:Flavius Aetius 44:Nibelungenlied 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4212: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4145:Völsung cycle 4143: 4142: 4140: 4124: 4120: 4117: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4000: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3940:Stauffacherin 3937: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3898:Princess Ilse 3895: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3516:Petermännchen 3513: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3397:King Goldemar 3394: 3391: 3387: 3384: 3383:Klabautermann 3380: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3071: 3068: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2929:Das Rheingold 2926: 2925: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2883:Völsunga saga 2880: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861:Related works 2859: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2761: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625:Other figures 2623: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2512: 2511: 2510:Volsunga saga 2507: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2498: 2497:Sigurd stones 2495: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2484:Niflung Cycle 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2457:Völsung Cycle 2450: 2445: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2418: 2409: 2408: 2401: 2395: 2390: 2389:Völsunga saga 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2302:"Gibichungen" 2298: 2294: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1936: 1931: 1924: 1919: 1912: 1907: 1900: 1895: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1873: 1868: 1861: 1856: 1849: 1844: 1837: 1832: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1810: 1805: 1799:, p. 73. 1798: 1793: 1786: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1762: 1757: 1750: 1745: 1738: 1733: 1726: 1721: 1714: 1709: 1702: 1697: 1690: 1685: 1678: 1673: 1666: 1661: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1639: 1634: 1627: 1622: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1600: 1595: 1588: 1583: 1576: 1571: 1564: 1559: 1552: 1547: 1541:, p. 75. 1540: 1535: 1529:, p. 50. 1528: 1523: 1516: 1511: 1504: 1499: 1493:, p. 42. 1492: 1487: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1456: 1451: 1444: 1439: 1433:, p. 76. 1432: 1427: 1420: 1415: 1408: 1403: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1382:, p. 50. 1381: 1376: 1369: 1364: 1358:, p. 55. 1357: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1340: 1335: 1328: 1323: 1317:, p. 78. 1316: 1311: 1304: 1299: 1292: 1287: 1280: 1275: 1268: 1263: 1256: 1251: 1244: 1239: 1232: 1227: 1220: 1215: 1209:, p. 54. 1208: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1192:, p. 68. 1191: 1186: 1184: 1177:, p. 69. 1176: 1171: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1149: 1144: 1137: 1132: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1107:, p. 67. 1106: 1101: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1069: 1064: 1057: 1052: 1045: 1040: 1033: 1028: 1024: 1017: 1015: 1005: 1002: 998: 993: 988: 986: 982: 981:typologically 978: 974: 969: 967: 966:Sigurd stones 963: 959: 956: 955:picture stone 951: 949: 945: 941: 936: 928: 919: 917: 911: 908: 904: 899: 897: 896:Völsunga Saga 893: 892: 887: 883: 879: 878: 877:Völsunga saga 870: 869:Völsunga saga 865: 862: 858: 854: 853: 846: 841: 839: 835: 831: 830:Ore Mountains 827: 823: 819: 817: 813: 809: 808: 800: 795: 791: 789: 788: 787:Oddrúnargrátr 780: 779:Oddrúnargrátr 775: 773: 768: 767: 766:Dráp Niflunga 759: 758:Dráp Niflunga 754: 750: 747: 746: 739: 734: 731: 730: 723: 718: 715: 713: 712: 704: 699: 695: 693: 692: 684: 674: 672: 671:Schlangenturm 666: 664: 663:Nibeungenlied 660: 656: 650: 648: 643: 641: 637: 633: 628: 626: 622: 618: 617: 613:Although the 609: 604: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 544: 535: 529: 524: 520: 517: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 483: 481: 477: 473: 472: 464: 454: 452: 448: 447: 439: 434: 432: 428: 427: 422: 418: 417: 412: 405: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 376: 370: 368: 365:on the upper 364: 359: 357: 353: 349: 348:Belgica Prima 345: 340: 338: 334: 333: 328: 327: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 273: 263: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 228: 226: 222: 219: 209: 207: 203: 199: 198: 197:Völsunga saga 193: 192: 187: 186: 181: 180: 175: 171: 167: 163: 158: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 131: 129: 125: 121: 120:Belgica Prima 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 58: 54: 50: 46: 45: 39: 33: 19: 4010:Wolfdietrich 3996:William Tell 3919:Schildbürger 3743: 3628:Wolpertinger 3593:Wiedergänger 3586:Weiße Frauen 3537:Rhinemaidens 3285:Ewiger Jäger 3250:Easter Bunny 3222:Doppelgänger 3106:Folklore of 3105: 3053: 3045: 3037: 3018: 2999: 2991: 2983: 2975: 2957: 2948: 2941: 2934: 2927: 2920: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2881: 2874: 2867: 2811: 2780: 2736: 2729: 2722: 2715: 2703: 2555: 2508: 2501: 2489: 2482: 2470: 2464:Attestations 2405: 2363: 2340: 2331: 2318: 2305: 2282: 2274: 2255: 2236: 2217: 2194: 2175: 2156: 2137: 2133: 2108: 2104: 2085: 2066: 2046: 2026: 2017: 2010:Böldl, Klaus 2001: 1998:"Atlilieder" 1978: 1969: 1956: 1930: 1918: 1906: 1894: 1867: 1855: 1843: 1831: 1804: 1792: 1780: 1768: 1756: 1744: 1732: 1720: 1708: 1696: 1684: 1672: 1660: 1633: 1621: 1594: 1582: 1570: 1558: 1546: 1534: 1522: 1510: 1498: 1486: 1474: 1462: 1450: 1438: 1426: 1414: 1402: 1375: 1363: 1334: 1322: 1310: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1262: 1250: 1238: 1226: 1214: 1170: 1143: 1131: 1100: 1063: 1051: 1039: 1027: 1011: 997:Oseberg Ship 989: 970: 952: 944:Kirk Andreas 937: 933: 912: 900: 895: 890: 889: 886:Thidrekssaga 885: 881: 875: 873: 868: 856: 850: 849: 844: 833: 825: 821: 820: 805: 803: 798: 792: 785: 783: 778: 764: 762: 757: 751: 743: 742: 737: 727: 726: 721: 716: 709: 707: 702: 696: 689: 687: 682: 670: 667: 662: 651: 644: 636:Niflungaland 635: 629: 624: 614: 612: 607: 595: 580: 575: 542: 540: 527: 521: 506: 502: 490: 486: 484: 469: 467: 462: 450: 444: 442: 437: 430: 425: 424: 414: 408: 403: 373: 371: 360: 341: 330: 324: 298: 293: 281: 277: 275: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 236:Gundicharius 235: 231: 229: 224: 220: 215: 204:'s operatic 195: 189: 183: 177: 159: 132: 118:province of 83: 71: 67: 63: 62: 42: 3877:Peter Klaus 3621:Witte Wiwer 3551:Santa Claus 3523:Poltergeist 3467:Moss people 3404:King Laurin 3313:Feldgeister 3264:Elwetritsch 3050:(2000-2001) 3042:(1989-1990) 3031:Comic Books 2996:(1966/1967) 2936:Die Walküre 2876:Poetic Edda 2705:Þiðrekssaga 2678:Andvaranaut 2379:Burgundians 1872:Millet 2008 1809:Millet 2008 1773:Millet 2008 1761:Millet 2008 1749:Millet 2008 1737:Millet 2008 1713:Millet 2008 1689:Millet 2008 1677:Millet 2008 1653:Millet 2008 1638:Millet 2008 1626:Millet 2008 1599:Millet 2008 1587:Millet 2008 1575:Millet 2008 1563:Millet 2008 1515:Millet 2008 1491:Uecker 1972 1479:Haymes 1988 1467:Millet 2008 1455:Millet 2008 1443:Millet 2008 1419:Millet 2008 1395:Millet 2008 1339:Millet 2008 1327:Millet 2008 1303:Millet 2008 1291:Millet 2008 1279:Millet 2008 1267:Millet 2008 1255:Millet 2008 1231:Millet 2008 1219:Millet 2008 1032:Millet 2008 962:Västerljung 940:Isle of Man 891:Þiðrekssaga 882:Poetic Edda 826:Poetic Edda 691:Poetic Edda 616:Þiðrekssaga 608:Þiðrekssaga 411:Old English 392:Gislaharius 232:Gundaharius 191:Poetic Edda 174:Old English 155:Burgundians 64:Gundaharius 4150:437 deaths 4139:Categories 4070:Freischütz 3947:Tannhäuser 3800:Hildebrand 3758:Gundomar I 3716:Friar Rush 3565:Tatzelwurm 3530:Rasselbock 3481:Nachzehrer 3474:Nachtkrapp 3446:Lutzelfrau 3355:Hinzelmann 3320:Frau Holle 3208:Christkind 3201:Changeling 3166:Belsnickel 2827:Hildebrand 2790:Characters 2683:Barnstokkr 1953:"Gundahar" 1944:References 1614:Würth 2005 1163:Anton 1981 1148:Anton 1981 1136:Anton 1981 1124:Anton 1999 1093:Anton 1999 977:Norum font 834:Miriquidui 621:Low German 491:Guntharius 487:Waltharius 471:Waltharius 463:Waltharius 426:Waltharius 282:phylarchos 270:See also: 248:Guntharius 244:Gyntiarios 240:Γυντιάριος 238:and Greek 185:Waltharius 112:Roman ally 104:Roman Gaul 47:(1859) by 3842:Lohengrin 3600:Wild Hunt 3390:Klagmuhme 3173:Bergmönch 3145:Aufhocker 3054:Siegfried 2943:Siegfried 2802:Kriemhild 2797:Siegfried 2647:Hreiðmarr 2611:Svanhildr 2606:Sinfjötli 2014:"Ballade" 1701:Beck 1973 916:snake pit 857:Atlakviða 822:Atlakviða 816:snake pit 807:Atlakviða 799:Atlakviða 772:snake pit 711:Grípisspá 703:Grípisspá 576:Tarnkappe 552:Siegfried 548:Kriemhild 451:Burgendas 332:foederati 315:as a new 212:Etymology 170:Old Norse 88:Old Norse 4108:See also 3856:Nibelung 3772:Hannikel 3674:Brunhild 3607:Wild man 3544:Rübezahl 3432:Lindworm 3334:Heimchen 3271:Erdhenne 3187:Bogeyman 3180:Bieresel 3159:Beerwolf 3138:Askafroa 3124:Alberich 2847:Nibelung 2842:Alberich 2832:Giselher 2817:Brunhild 2541:Brynhild 2417:Gunderic 2400:Giselher 2384:Nibelung 2373:See also 2125:23488628 2105:Speculum 1014:Alberich 907:Grimhild 812:Myrkviðr 632:Niflungs 568:Brunhild 388:Gundomar 380:Gundobad 296:(king). 278:φύλαρχος 147:Brunhild 68:Gundahar 18:Gundahar 3744:Gunther 3509:Perchta 3488:Nis Puk 3439:Lorelei 3425:Krampus 3369:Irrwurz 3362:Hödekin 3292:Fänggen 3278:Erlking 3152:Bahkauv 3023:(novel) 2837:Rüdiger 2812:Gunther 2697:Related 2671:Objects 2632:Andvari 2616:Völsung 2591:Sigmund 2581:Siggeir 2546:Granmar 2472:Beowulf 992:Gotland 960:, from 584:Balmung 564:Iceland 550:. When 446:Widsith 438:Widsith 416:Waldere 404:Waldere 317:emperor 313:Jovinus 260:Gunther 256:Gunnarr 252:Gūðhere 128:Hunnish 108:Jovinus 92:Gunnarr 80:Gunther 72:Gunther 32:Günther 4091:Vineta 4003:Witege 3933:Sigurd 3863:Ortnit 3751:Gudrun 3660:Attila 3638:People 3558:Schrat 3418:Kobold 3348:Hemann 3299:Fasolt 3116:Beings 3056:(2007) 3004:(2004) 2988:(1957) 2980:(1924) 2959:Sigurd 2914:Operas 2637:Fáfnir 2601:Sigurd 2556:Gunnar 2551:Gudrun 2536:Attila 2529:People 2411:?–437 2347: 2289: 2262: 2243: 2224: 2201: 2182: 2163: 2144: 2134:gentes 2123: 2092: 2073: 2054: 2033: 1985: 942:: the 655:Attila 556:Saxons 516:Attila 507:Hageno 503:Gibico 495:Franks 429:under 384:Gibica 225:*-hari 221:*gunþ- 172:, and 84:Gunnar 3702:Faust 3579:Uhaml 3572:Türst 3327:Gütel 3236:Drude 3012:Books 2969:Films 2807:Hagen 2662:Regin 2642:Grani 2596:Signy 2576:Rerir 2571:Högne 2561:Hogni 2121:JSTOR 1020:Notes 903:Gjúki 861:runes 659:Soest 640:Worms 560:Danes 511:Rhine 499:Worms 423:(see 413:poem 367:Rhone 363:Savoy 352:Trier 337:Worms 309:Alans 162:Latin 116:Roman 102:into 82:) or 57:Rhine 53:Hagen 2688:Gram 2652:Odin 2586:Sigi 2455:The 2345:ISBN 2287:ISBN 2260:ISBN 2241:ISBN 2222:ISBN 2199:ISBN 2180:ISBN 2161:ISBN 2142:ISBN 2090:ISBN 2071:ISBN 2052:ISBN 2031:ISBN 1983:ISBN 948:Loki 905:and 874:The 763:The 688:The 592:Buda 588:Huns 558:and 468:The 344:Huns 305:Goar 206:Ring 194:and 145:and 2657:Ótr 2113:doi 804:In 784:In 708:In 485:In 453:). 294:rex 234:or 66:or 4141:: 2119:. 2109:87 2107:. 2016:. 1879:^ 1816:^ 1645:^ 1606:^ 1387:^ 1346:^ 1197:^ 1182:^ 1155:^ 1112:^ 1075:^ 987:. 950:. 566:, 482:. 390:, 386:, 262:. 168:, 164:, 90:: 78:: 3089:e 3082:t 3075:v 2773:e 2766:t 2759:v 2448:e 2441:t 2434:v 2353:. 2295:. 2268:. 2249:. 2230:. 2207:. 2188:. 2169:. 2150:. 2127:. 2115:: 2098:. 2079:. 2060:. 2039:. 1991:. 1058:. 574:( 280:( 242:( 86:( 74:( 59:. 34:. 20:)

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Index