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themselves from their mothers and survive on their own. As soon as the mother is done caring her young, she relocates herself to another burrow, leaving her now-independent young behind. Not too long after, they scatter to other vacant burrows. A high percentage of female
Gunnison's prairie dogs settle close to their birth territories for their entire lifetimes, whereas a significantly low percentage of the males stay close to their birth territories for longer than one year.
348:
with the distribution of food resources. The territories inhabited by the
Gunnison's prairie dog are defended by social groups, and violent behavior is common toward other animals who are not members. These prairie dogs often feed in feebly defended peripheral sections of territories that belong to other groups, but when members from different groups meet in these common feeding areas, conflicts can arise, with one prairie dog chasing the other back to its territory.
50:
368:. This means they exert the most activity in the early morning and late afternoon. During warm weather, the highest activity levels occur at about 9 a.m., and from 2 p.m. to about an hour before the sunsets. When the temperature starts to cool, they become more active during the day. When it snows or rains, the prairie dogs will stay underground.
391:
The
Gunnison's prairie dog communicates through forms of physical contact, such as cuddling and kissing, and through vocalization, such as a warning bark. Their vocal communication is the foundation to their survival and structure of their community. Their system of vocal communication is complex and
371:
Their above-ground activities include making social contact, being aware of their surroundings and predators, grooming, burrowing, etc. Their main activity above ground is feeding. Although
Gunnison's prairie dogs are considered to be less social than black-tailed prairie dogs, they are considered to
282:
The
Gunnison's prairie dog typically feeds during the day, when they are most active. Their diet usually consists of grasses, herbs, and leaves. During the spring, they feed on newly grown shrubs. In the summer, they mainly consume seeds. Food is scarce in winter and fall. During these months, they
231:
Gunnison's prairie dogs are 12 to 14 inches (30 to 36 cm) in length and have tails that measure 1.25 to 2.25 inches (3.2 to 5.7 cm). This species weighs from 1.5 to 2.5 lb (0.68 to 1.13 kg). On average, males are larger in size than females. Gunnison's prairie dogs have 22 teeth,
403:
The warning signal is their primary source of survival because it alerts the other prairie dogs to nearby danger. It can last for up to 30 minutes and can be heard nearly a mile away. As danger approaches, the intensity of the signal increases, and it ends after the prairie dog has entered its safe
347:
occupied by communal groups or solitary individuals. These communities of prairie dogs vary from two to 19 individuals and may be composed of a single male/single female, single male/multiple females, or multiple males/multiple females. Arrangement of the communities or social groups may be linked
399:
The bark is a combination of one or two high-pitched audible syllables, with the second syllable lower and deeper. Prairie dogs have a unique sound to identify each of various predators. They also have different barks for warning and "all-clear" signals. Researchers and experts have been able to
431:
Once the pups are born, the mother
Gunnison's prairie dog nurses the pups for about 30 to 40 days. During this time, the young pups remain safely in the nesting burrow located underground. Towards the end of lactation, the young are able to come out above ground; they must learn how to separate
334:
The sagebrush ecosystem is dependent on these animals. As a result of the
Gunnison's prairie dogs burrowing, the soil is freshened, organic matter is added, and increased water penetration is able to occur. Their burrowing also creates habitats and exposes food sources for other creatures.
415:
The
Gunnison's prairie dog mating season begins in mid-March and lasts until mid-May. A female is able to reproduce at the age of one year. When food availability is scarce during the mating season, they may wait another year before breeding. Females can only engage in
263:, have 50 chromosomes. Their coats are yellow-toned buff merged with black-colored hairs. The upper head, sides of the cheek, and eyebrows are distinctly darker than the rest of the body. Their tails are mostly white with grayish-white ends and the tips are light gray.
273:
A distinguishing physical trait of the prairie dog is the placement of the eyes. They are situated on the sides of their heads, giving them a wide peripheral range of sight. This allows them to spot predators more easily and react as quickly as possible.
438:
The population of the
Gunnison's prairie dog is declining drastically due to three major factors: shootings, plague cycles, and poisoning. Many concerned groups of people are requesting that the Gunnison's Prairie Dog be listed under the federal
219:) is one of five species of prairie dog. This species belongs to the squirrel family of rodents, and are predominantly related to the North American and Eurasian ground squirrels. Gunnison's prairie dogs are primarily distributed in the
372:
be more social than the white-tailed prairie dogs. Studies have shown female
Gunnison's prairie dogs are far more likely to engage in friendly social contact with other prairie dogs, and males are more likely to create conflict.
396:, a Northern Arizona University biology professor, has been researching the behavior of prairie dogs for 20 years, and states prairie dogs "have one of the most advanced forms of natural language known to science."
383:. Their bodies also rely on their stored body fat during hibernation. After hibernation, they become active again around March or April. This species is most active during the months of April through October.
331:. This species of prairie dogs resides in habitats ranging from 6,000–10,000 feet (1,800–3,000 m) in altitude, although they have been recorded at altitudes as high as 12,000 feet (3,700 m).
872:
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Studies have also shown prairie dogs can distinguish between the different colors of clothing people wear, and between people expressing threatening and nonthreatening behavior.
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during spring and fall. In spring, the shedding begins from the head to the rear tail. The process is reversed in the winter, it starts from the tail and proceeds to head.
31:
561:
379:. During the winter, the Gunnison's prairie dog stays underground for long periods of time without food or water, using physiological adaptations to control their
400:
classify up to 11 distinct warning call the prairie dog uses to communicate. Also, females with offspring are more likely to give off a warning bark than males.
1031:
Lupis, S. G., K. D. Bunnell, T. A. Black, and T. A. Messmer. 2007. Utah Gunnison's prairie dog and white-tailed prairie dog conservation plan: Draft #5.
801:
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https://web.archive.org/web/20110719232231/http://sev.lternet.edu/projects.php?rtheme=&mentor=Davidson,+Ana&keyword=&submit1=Search
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feed on stems and roots, and stored food accumulated in the warmer months. While most prairie dogs are typically herbivores, some eat insects.
2523:
2477:
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1000:
690:
424:, and can mate with approximately five males, depending on the population density of their habitat. Gestation lasts, on average, 30 days.
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972:"Data: Species: Mammal: Gunnison Prairie Dog - Cynomys gunnisoni". Seviletta LTER Data. 15 November 2008; link updated 25 April 2010 <
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The life span of a Gunnison's prairie dog is generally three to five years in the wild, but they can live up to eight years of age.
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Landesman, Nathan. "Cynomys gunnisoni Gunnison's prairie dog". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 15 November 2008 <
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483:. Humans also affect prairie dog populations; for example, some ranchers implement poisoning programs to eliminate them.
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Three-quarters of the population of Gunnison's prairie dogs are located in Arizona and New Mexico. They can be found in
2533:
1998:
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Gunnison's prairie dogs live in colonies of up to several hundred individuals. Each colony is subdivided into smaller
1070:
Taylor, Mark. "BLM and DOW Drag Feet on Gunnison Prairie Dog Relocations ". RMAD Press Release. 15 November 2008 <
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1063:"PROTECTION SOUGHT FOR GUNNISON'S PRAIRIE DOG". Animal Defense League of Arizona. 15 November 2008 <
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2007:
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1049:"Prairie dog." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 15 November 2008 <
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https://archive.today/20130415154448/http://www.prairiedogcoalition.org/pd-gunnisons-prairie-dog.php
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996:"Gunnison's Prairie Dog Cynomys gunnisoni ". Colorado Division of Wildlife. 15 November 2008 <
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989:"Gunnison's Prairie Dog Cynomys gunnisoni ". Center for Native Ecosystems. 15 November 2008 <
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929:"Gunnison's and White-tailed Prairie Dogs in Trouble Says National Wildlife Federation Report"
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and transmitted via fleas, can wipe out numerous individuals of the prairie dog populations.
169:
984:
https://web.archive.org/web/20081118065239/http://www.sagebrushsea.org/sp_gn_prairie_dog.htm
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1010:"Gunnison's Prairie Dog (Cynomys gunnisoni)". Prairie Dog Coalition. 15 November 2008 <
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may be one of the most advanced forms of communication of all-natural animal languages.
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_gunnisoni.html
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usually occurs underground. Females produce one litter per year of four to five pups.
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1017:"GUNNISON'S PRAIRIE DOG". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 15 November 2008 <
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979:"Field Guide to North American Mammals." National Audubon Society. 6th ed. 2001
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https://archive.today/20040404030002/http://www.adlaz.org/gunnisonrelease.html
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With the exception of two species, the black-tailed and Mexican, prairie dogs
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771:"Utah Gunnison's Prairie Dog and White-Tailed Prairie Dog Conservation Plan"
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http://www.nativeecosystems.org/species/gunnisons-prairie-dog/index_html/
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http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/GunnisonPrairieDog/
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982:"GUNNISON'S PRAIRIE DOG Cynomis Gunnisoni". 15 November 2008 <
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http://ndis.nrel.colostate.edu/wildlifespx.asp?SpCode=050127
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All prairie dogs, including the Gunnison's prairie dog, are
1037:
http://wildlife.utah.gov/furbearer/pdf/prairie_dog_plan.pdf
480:
456:
304:
266:
The Gunnison's prairie dogs go through two yearly periodic
693:. National Diversity Information Source. Archived from
30:
952:. Animal Defense League of Arizona. Archived from
899:"Estrus and Copulation of Gunnison's Prairie Dogs"
2510:
1056:"Prairie Dogs". DesertUSA. 17 November 2008 <
950:"Protection sought for Gunnison's prairie dog"
540:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42453A22261232.en
243:, is the only prairie dog species that has 40
1107:
1035:, Salt Lake City, Utah. 15 November 2008 <
1058:http://www.desertusa.com/dec96/du_pdogs.html
875:. City of Boulder, Colorado. Archived from
514:
1114:
1100:
802:"Gunnison's prairie dog Cynomys gunnisoni"
663:
661:
659:
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195:
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29:
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410:
1077:"Vlaamse Prairiehonden Vereniging" <
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612:
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446:
355:
1282:Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel
1051:http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9061181
829:. Prairie Dog Coalition. Archived from
776:. Prairie Dog Coalition. Archived from
654:
592:. Prairie Dog Coalition. Archived from
2511:
754:
584:
582:
510:
508:
2539:Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird
2299:
2298:
1095:
1072:http://www.rmad.org/gunnisonpdog.html
607:
2524:Endemic rodents of the United States
2519:IUCN Red List least concern species
1999:Caucasian mountain ground squirrel
1033:Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
804:. Native Ecosystems. Archived from
579:
526:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
505:
338:
13:
14:
2550:
1257:(golden-mantled ground squirrels)
1212:EspĂritu Santo antelope squirrel
691:"Wildlife Gunnison's Prairie Dog"
897:Hoogland, John L. (1998-08-21).
564:. Sevilleta LTER. Archived from
386:
73:
2164:Southern Idaho ground squirrel
2128:Northern Idaho ground squirrel
1410:Thirteen-lined ground squirrel
1264:Golden-mantled ground squirrel
1230:White-tailed antelope squirrel
942:
921:
890:
865:
844:
819:
794:
643:. U.S Fish and Wildlife Service
1836:Baja California rock squirrel
1239:San Joaquin antelope squirrel
729:
708:
683:
633:
554:
226:
1:
2270:Round-tailed ground squirrel
2191:Richardson's ground squirrel
1273:Sierra Madre ground squirrel
739:. Sagebushsea. Archived from
498:
223:region of the United States.
204:Gunnison's Prairie Dog range
2209:Long-tailed ground squirrel
2103:(Holarctic ground squirrels)
2066:(Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)
1972:Red-cheeked ground squirrel
1928:(Old World ground squirrels)
1811:Ring-tailed ground squirrel
931:. Environmental Defense Fund
420:for a single day during the
239:The Gunnison's prairie dog,
7:
2217:Washington ground squirrel
2200:Townsend's ground squirrel
2064:Asia Minor ground squirrel
1900:Père David's rock squirrel
1875:Franklin's ground squirrel
1845:California ground squirrel
1400:Rio Grande ground squirrel
1203:Harris's antelope squirrel
351:
10:
2555:
2146:Columbian ground squirrel
2137:Merriam's ground squirrel
2119:Belding's ground squirrel
2008:Tian Shan ground squirrel
1944:Brandt’s ground squirrel (
315:. They are often found in
286:
247:. The other four species,
2534:Mammals described in 1855
2307:
2281:
2229:
2096:
2075:
2046:Speckled ground squirrel
1954:European ground squirrel
1920:
1886:
1865:
1822:
1802:Tropical ground squirrel
1790:
1701:(N. quadrimaculatus)
1569:
1421:
1384:(little ground squirrels)
1377:
1354:
1325:Black-tailed prairie dog
1316:White-tailed prairie dog
1293:
1250:
1189:
1133:
1079:http://www.prairiehond.eu
718:. Encyclopædia Britannica
671:. Encyclopædia Britannica
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2261:Spotted ground squirrel
2236:(pygmy ground squirrels)
2155:Wyoming ground squirrel
2057:(Spermophilus taurensis)
2036:Relict ground squirrel (
2017:Pallid ground squirrel (
1963:Daurian ground squirrel
1935:Alashan ground squirrel
1909:Forrest's rock squirrel
1710:(N. quadrivittatus)
1672:Yellow-cheeked chipmunk
1560:(M. vancouverensis)
1558:Vancouver Island marmot
1391:Mexican ground squirrel
1221:Texas antelope squirrel
1122:Living species of tribe
827:"Gunnison's Prairie Dog"
737:"Gunnison's prairie dog"
641:"Gunnison's Prairie Dog"
590:"Gunnison's Prairie Dog"
562:"Gunnison's prairie dog"
2252:Perote ground squirrel
2243:Mohave ground squirrel
2182:Arctic ground squirrel
2055:Taurus ground squirrel
2048:(Spermophilus suslicus)
2027:Little ground squirrel
1990:Russet ground squirrel
1981:Yellow ground squirrel
1620:(N. cinereicollis)
1618:Gray-collared chipmunk
1510:Groundhog or woodchuck
1307:Gunnison's prairie dog
277:
24:Gunnison's prairie dog
2272:(X. tereticaudus)
2193:(U. richardsonii)
2173:Piute ground squirrel
2110:Uinta ground squirrel
1974:(S. erythrogenys)
1893:(Asian rock squirrels)
1838:(O. atricapillus)
1692:(N. panamintinus)
1542:(M. flaviventris)
1540:Yellow-bellied marmot
1467:(M. camtschatica)
622:. Animal Diversity Web
533:: e.T42453A115189620.
441:Endangered Species Act
411:Breeding and life span
361:
360:Gunnison's Prairie Dog
211:Gunnison's prairie dog
2491:Paleobiology Database
2219:(U. washingtoni)
2148:(U. columbianus)
1937:(S. alashanicus)
1609:Gray-footed chipmunk
1591:Yellow-pine chipmunk
1412:(I. tridecemlineatus)
515:Cassola, F. (2017) .
447:Predators and disease
359:
2254:(X. perotensis)
2245:(X. mohavensis)
2202:(U. townsendii)
2010:(S. nilkaensis)
1902:(S. davidianus)
1877:(P. franklinii)
1856:(O. variegatus)
1773:(N. townsendii)
1771:Townsend's chipmunk
1719:(N. ruficaudus)
1717:Red-tailed chipmunk
1699:Long-eared chipmunk
1674:(N. ochrogenys)
1663:California chipmunk
1485:(M. himalayana)
1465:Black-capped marmot
1334:Mexican prairie dog
1196:(antelope squirrels)
903:Journal of Mammalogy
873:"About Prairie Dogs"
469:black-footed ferrets
261:Mexican prairie dogs
2263:(X. spilosoma)
2211:(U. undulatus)
2166:(U. endemicus)
1813:(N. annulatus)
1764:(N. speciosus)
1762:Lodgepole chipmunk
1645:Merriam's chipmunk
1576:(western chipmunks)
1503:(M. menzbieri)
1474:Long-tailed marmot
1440:(M. baibacina)
1368:(E. sibiricus)
1336:(C. mexicanus)
1284:(C. saturatus)
1275:(C. madrensis)
1266:(C. lateralis)
1223:(A. interpres)
1214:(A. insularis)
620:"Cynomys gunnisoni"
40:Conservation status
2130:(U. brunneus)
2121:(U. beldingi)
2087:(T. striatus)
2029:(S. pygmaeus)
1965:(S. dauricus)
1956:(S. citellus)
1911:(S. forresti)
1847:(O. beecheyi)
1804:(N. adocetus)
1782:(N. umbrinus)
1746:(N. siskiyou)
1744:Siskiyou chipmunk
1708:Colorado chipmunk
1690:Panamint chipmunk
1681:Palmer's chipmunk
1665:(N. obscurus)
1647:(N. merriami)
1638:(N. durangae)
1629:(N. dorsalis)
1600:Buller's chipmunk
1533:(M. caligata)
1521:(M. sibirica)
1501:Menzbier's marmot
1366:Siberian chipmunk
1318:(C. leucurus)
1232:(A. leucurus)
1205:(A. harrisii)
1126:(ground squirrels)
1084:2019-08-17 at the
1042:2013-08-27 at the
1003:2012-04-15 at the
451:Predators include
418:sexual intercourse
362:
232:and five pairs of
2506:
2505:
2353:Cynomys_gunnisoni
2339:Cynomys gunnisoni
2309:Cynomys gunnisoni
2301:Taxon identifiers
2292:
2291:
2184:(U. parryii)
2157:(U. elegans)
2112:(U. armatus)
2085:Eastern chipmunk
1755:(N. sonomae)
1735:Allen's chipmunk
1683:(N. palmeri)
1656:(N. minimus)
1636:Durango chipmunk
1611:(N. canipes)
1602:(N. bulleri)
1593:(N. amoenus)
1584:(N. alpinus)
1551:(M. olympus)
1494:(M. marmota)
1483:Himalayan marmot
1476:(M. caudata)
1458:(M. broweri)
1343:Utah prairie dog
1327:(C. ludovicianus)
1253:Callospermophilus
1241:(A. nelsoni)
1127:
519:Cynomys gunnisoni
394:Con Slobodchikoff
216:Cynomys gunnisoni
208:
207:
179:Cynomys gunnisoni
161:C. gunnisoni
63:
16:Species of rodent
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2232:Xerospermophilus
2175:(U. mollis)
1983:(S. fulvus)
1829:(rock squirrels)
1753:Sonoma chipmunk
1582:Alpine chipmunk
1519:Tarbagan marmot
1192:Ammospermophilus
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2316:
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2293:
2288:
2277:
2235:
2225:
2139:(U. canus)
2102:
2092:
2071:
2019:S. pallidicauda
1992:(S. major)
1927:
1916:
1892:
1882:
1861:
1828:
1825:Otospermophilus
1818:
1786:
1780:Uinta chipmunk
1737:(N. senex)
1728:(N. rufus)
1654:Least chipmunk
1627:Cliff chipmunk
1575:
1565:
1549:Olympic marmot
1524:
1512:(M. monax)
1449:(M. bobak)
1427:
1417:
1383:
1373:
1350:
1299:
1289:
1256:
1246:
1195:
1185:
1129:
1120:
1086:Wayback Machine
1044:Wayback Machine
1005:Wayback Machine
969:
968:
959:
957:
948:
947:
943:
934:
932:
927:
926:
922:
915:10.2307/1383096
895:
891:
882:
880:
871:
870:
866:
857:
855:
850:
849:
845:
836:
834:
825:
824:
820:
811:
809:
808:on May 16, 2008
800:
799:
795:
786:
784:
780:
773:
769:
768:
755:
746:
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735:
734:
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597:
588:
587:
580:
571:
569:
560:
559:
555:
545:
543:
513:
506:
501:
492:Yersinia pestis
449:
413:
389:
354:
341:
289:
280:
229:
190:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2552:
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2487:
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2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
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2161:
2152:
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2134:
2125:
2116:
2106:
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2094:
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2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2033:
2024:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:Rock squirrel
1851:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1726:Hopi chipmunk
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1492:Alpine marmot
1489:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1456:Alaska marmot
1453:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1397:
1393:(I. mexicanus)
1387:
1385:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1345:(C. parvidens)
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1309:(C. gunnisoni)
1303:
1301:
1300:(prairie dogs)
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1236:
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1209:
1199:
1197:
1187:
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1054:
1047:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
994:
987:
980:
977:
967:
966:
941:
920:
889:
864:
852:"Prairie Dogs"
843:
818:
793:
753:
728:
716:"Prairie Dogs"
707:
682:
669:"Prairie Dogs"
653:
632:
606:
578:
553:
503:
502:
500:
497:
448:
445:
412:
409:
388:
385:
353:
350:
340:
337:
288:
285:
279:
276:
234:mammary glands
228:
225:
206:
205:
201:
200:
192:
191:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
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144:
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26:
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15:
9:
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3:
2:
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2207:
2204:
2203:
2198:
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2180:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2089:
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2082:
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2078:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:S. brevicauda
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:sensu stricto
1924:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1867:Poliocitellus
1864:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1805:
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1706:
1703:
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1697:
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1684:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1649:
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1643:
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1634:
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1613:
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1603:
1598:
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1589:
1586:
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1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:Hoary marmot
1528:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1447:Bobak marmot
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:(I. parvidens
1398:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1347:
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1234:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
975:
971:
970:
956:on 2004-04-04
955:
951:
945:
930:
924:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:
879:on 2011-07-18
878:
874:
868:
853:
847:
833:on 2013-04-15
832:
828:
822:
807:
803:
797:
783:on 2013-08-27
779:
772:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
743:on 2008-11-18
742:
738:
732:
717:
711:
697:on 2010-06-24
696:
692:
686:
670:
664:
662:
660:
658:
642:
636:
621:
615:
613:
611:
596:on 2013-04-15
595:
591:
585:
583:
568:on 2005-04-24
567:
563:
557:
541:
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
520:
511:
509:
504:
496:
494:
493:
488:
484:
482:
478:
477:golden eagles
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
442:
436:
433:
429:
427:
423:
422:mating season
419:
408:
405:
401:
397:
395:
387:Communication
384:
382:
378:
373:
369:
367:
358:
349:
346:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
284:
275:
271:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
224:
222:
218:
217:
212:
202:
198:
193:
188:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2529:Prairie dogs
2308:
2283:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2230:
2218:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2097:
2086:
2076:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2037:
2028:
2018:
2009:
2001:(S. musicus)
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1945:
1936:
1923:Spermophilus
1921:
1910:
1901:
1889:Sciurotamias
1887:
1876:
1866:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1823:
1812:
1803:
1793:Notocitellus
1791:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1570:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1527:Petromarmota
1526:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1438:Gray marmot
1433:
1422:
1411:
1401:
1392:
1378:
1367:
1355:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1294:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1251:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1190:
1167:Sciuromorpha
958:. Retrieved
954:the original
944:
933:. Retrieved
923:
906:
902:
892:
881:. Retrieved
877:the original
867:
856:. Retrieved
846:
835:. Retrieved
831:the original
821:
810:. Retrieved
806:the original
796:
785:. Retrieved
778:the original
745:. Retrieved
741:the original
731:
720:. Retrieved
710:
699:. Retrieved
695:the original
685:
675:November 17,
673:. Retrieved
645:. Retrieved
635:
624:. Retrieved
598:. Retrieved
594:the original
570:. Retrieved
566:the original
556:
544:. Retrieved
530:
524:
518:
490:
489:, caused by
485:
450:
437:
434:
430:
414:
406:
402:
398:
390:
374:
370:
363:
342:
333:
290:
281:
272:
265:
253:white-tailed
249:black-tailed
241:C. gunnisoni
240:
238:
230:
221:Four Corners
215:
214:
210:
209:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
2465:NatureServe
2387:iNaturalist
2333:Wikispecies
2099:Urocitellus
2038:S. relictus
1179:Subfamily:
854:. DesertUSA
345:territories
321:rabbitbrush
313:floodplains
293:high desert
245:chromosomes
227:Description
2513:Categories
1165:Suborder:
1124:Marmotini
960:2008-11-13
935:2008-11-21
909:(3): 887.
883:2008-11-14
858:2008-11-21
837:2008-11-15
812:2008-11-19
787:2008-11-23
747:2008-11-18
722:2008-11-14
701:2008-11-21
647:2008-11-15
626:2008-11-17
600:2008-11-21
572:2008-11-15
546:23 October
499:References
479:and large
426:Copulation
381:metabolism
319:, such as
297:grasslands
1572:Neotamias
1525:Subgenus
1432:Subgenus
1428:(marmots)
1380:Ictidomys
1174:Sciuridae
1137:Kingdom:
377:hibernate
329:saltbrush
325:sagebrush
305:hillsides
155:Species:
137:Sciuridae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2470:2.104656
2457:12400912
2405:11427921
2318:Wikidata
2285:Category
1357:Eutamias
1172:Family:
1160:Rodentia
1153:Mammalia
1146:Chordata
1144:Phylum:
1139:Animalia
1082:Archived
1040:Archived
1001:Archived
352:Behavior
307:, broad
133:Family:
127:Rodentia
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2444:1001714
2379:2437236
2324:Q936978
1443:
1434:Marmota
1424:Marmota
1296:Cynomys
1181:Xerinae
1158:Order:
1151:Class:
473:weasels
465:bobcats
461:coyotes
453:badgers
404:haven.
366:diurnal
301:meadows
287:Habitat
189:, 1855)
148:Cynomys
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2418:180184
2366:311657
2266:
2257:
2248:
2222:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2077:Tamias
2060:
2051:
2042:
2032:
2023:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1940:
1905:
1850:
1841:
1807:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1406:
1396:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1278:
1269:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
457:wolves
327:, and
317:shrubs
268:moults
259:, and
2496:45494
2483:45479
2431:42453
2400:IRMNG
2392:46180
1088:>.
1074:>.
1067:>.
1060:>.
1053:>.
1028:>.
1021:>.
1014:>.
1007:>.
993:>.
986:>.
976:>.
781:(PDF)
774:(PDF)
481:hawks
187:Baird
2478:NCBI
2426:IUCN
2413:ITIS
2374:GBIF
1046:>
677:2008
548:2023
531:2016
311:and
278:Diet
257:Utah
2452:MSW
2439:MDD
2361:EoL
2348:ADW
911:doi
535:doi
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