530:, on the side of the clergy, and Warwick, Lincoln and Lancaster among the earls. Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, was the most experienced of the earls, and took on a modifying role in the group. Thomas of Lancaster, who was Lincoln's son-in-law and heir, was the king's cousin and the wealthiest nobleman in the realm, but at this point he took a less active part in the reform movement. Warwick is described by some sources as the leader of the Ordainers; he was certainly the most aggressive. The set of Ordinances they drafted put heavy restrictions on the king's financial freedom, and his right to appoint his own ministers. It also—once more—ordered Gaveston to be exiled, to return only at the risk of
40:
265:
494:. Warwick was the only one of the leading earls who did not seal the charter, and from the start took on an antagonistic attitude to Edward II. Gaveston was a relative upstart in the English aristocracy, and made himself unpopular among the established nobility by his arrogance and his undue influence on the king. He gave mocking nicknames to the leading men of the realm, and called Warwick the "Black Dog of Arden".
498:
607:
168:
249:
589:
Edward in the political conflict. The king himself swore vengeance on his enemies, but found himself unable to move against them immediately, partly because they were in possession of a number of highly valuable royal jewels taken from
Gaveston. A settlement was reached in October, whereby the rebellious barons and their
662:
Guy de
Beauchamp is probably best remembered for his opposition to King Edward II, and for his part in the death of Gaveston. To contemporaries, however, he was considered a man of considerable learning and wisdom. His library, of which he donated 42 books to Bordesley Abbey during his lifetime, was
542:
Gaveston's third and final exile was of even shorter duration, and after two months, he was reunited with King Edward II in
England. Archbishop Winchelsey responded by excommunicating Gaveston, as the Ordinances had stipulated. Lancaster, who had by this time succeeded his father-in-law Lincoln, had
514:
region up to devastating raids from the Scots. This affected
Warwick greatly, with his extensive landed interest in the north. Tensions grew to the point where the king in 1310 had to ban Warwick and others from arriving at parliament in arms. They still did, and at the parliament of March 1310, the
588:
The brutality and questionable legality of the earls' actions helped win political sympathy for the king. Pembroke was particularly offended, as he had been made to break his promise of safety to
Gaveston, and his chivalric honour had been damaged. From this point on Pembroke sided firmly with King
509:
Gaveston was once more forced into exile, but Edward recalled him in less than a year. The king had spent the intervening time gathering support, and at the time, the only one to resist the return of
Gaveston was Warwick. With time, however, opposition to the king grew. Another source of contention
593:
received a pardon. The king nevertheless emerged strengthened from the events, while
Warwick and Lancaster were largely marginalised. This all changed in 1314, when the king decided to stage his first major campaign against the Scots. Warwick and Lancaster refused to participate and the campaign
235:
Guy de
Beauchamp is today remembered primarily for his part in the killing of Gaveston, but by his contemporaries he was considered a man of exceptionally good judgement and learning. He owned what was for his time a large collection of books, and his advice was often sought by many of the other
679:. As mentioned, Edward I entrusted the supervision of his son to Warwick. Likewise, when the earl of Lincoln died in 1311, he supposedly instructed his son-in-law Thomas of Lancaster to heed the advice of Warwick, "the wisest of the peers". Chronicles also praised Warwick's wisdom; the
693:
Warwick's death came at an inconvenient time and Thomas of
Lancaster proved unequal to the task of governing the nation, so that further years of conflict and instability followed. Nevertheless, the problems of Edward II's reign were deep, and in the words of
570:. Here, in the presence of Warwick, Lancaster and other magnates, Gaveston was sentenced to death at an improvised court. On 19 June he was taken to a place called Blacklow Hill—on Lancaster's lands—and decapitated. According to the
689:
called
Warwick "a discriminating and highly literate man, the wisdom of whom shone forth through the whole kingdom". He was politically and economically well connected by traditional ties of kinship and marriage.
631:, an establishment to which his family had been benefactors. In value, his possessions were second only to those of the earl of Lancaster among the nobility of England. His lands, though primarily centred on
576:
chronicle, four shoemakers brought the corpse back to Warwick, but he refused to accept it, and ordered them to take it back to where they found it. Gaveston's body was eventually taken to Oxford by some
618:
In mid-July Warwick had to withdraw from government to his estates on account of illness. When he died on 12 August 1315, political leadership was soon left almost entirely to Lancaster. The chronicler
228:, had him executed. The act garnered sympathy and support for the king, but Warwick and Lancaster nevertheless managed to negotiate a royal pardon for their actions. After the disastrous defeat at the
647:. In the meanwhile Warwick's possessions went into the hands of the king, who donated Warwick's hunting dogs to the earl of Pembroke. A younger son, named John, also became a peer, as
643:. His heir was his eldest son, whom he had named Thomas after the earl of Lancaster. Thomas, born probably on 14 February 1314, did not succeed to his father's title until 1326, as
213:. After the succession of Edward II in 1307, however, he soon fell out with the new king and the king's favourite, Piers Gaveston. Warwick was one of the main architects behind the
232:
in 1314, King Edward's authority was once more weakened, and the rebellious barons took over control of government. For Warwick the triumph was brief; he died the next year.
685:
says that "Other earls did many things only after taking his opinion: in wisdom and council he had no peer". Later historians have reflected this view; in the 19th century,
395:
a year. At this point his father was already dead, but it was not until 5 September that Guy did homage to the king for his lands, and became Earl of Warwick and hereditary
378:
Lucia de Beauchamp (also known as Lucy); married Robert de Napton, Knt., the son of Sir Adam Napton. Lucia and Sir Robert had a son Adam Napton, who married Margaret Helier.
490:, and Warwick was among those charged with preventing Gaveston's return. The new king, however, not only recalled his favourite, but soon also gave him the title of
648:
572:
598:
on 24 June. This led to another political reversal and Edward was forced to reconfirm the Ordinances, and submit to the leadership of the rebellious barons.
334:
133:
236:
earls. Next to Lancaster, he was the wealthiest peer in the nation, and after his death his lands and title were inherited by his son,
1610:
1572:
1555:
644:
276:
237:
198:
149:
128:
1615:
319:
307:. In 1271 or 1272 his first son was born, and in reference to the new family title, William named his son after the legendary hero
260:
their own arms with those of Newburgh, on occasion placing the latter in the 1st & 4th quarters, positions of greatest honour.
256:. The arms shown are those of Newburgh, the family of his predecessors the Beaumont Earls of Warwick. The Beauchamps frequently
1605:
1600:
552:
221:
949:
A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 6, Knightlow Hundred. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1951
428:
311:. William de Beauchamp was a capable military commander, who played an important part in the Welsh and Scottish wars of King
487:
349:
Maud de Beauchamp (died 1366), married before Easter term 1332 Geoffrey de Say, 2nd Lord Say, by whom she had issue. The
300:
471:
1486:
1305:
1260:
1208:
1127:
1099:
1071:
1028:
938:
Americans of Royal Descent: Collection of Genealogies Showing the Lineal Descent from Kings of Some American Families
742:
769:
412:
1387:
Roberts, R. A., ed. (1929). "Edward II, the lords ordainers, and Piers Gaveston's jewels and horses, 1312–1313".
220:
When Gaveston returned to England in 1312—contrary to the rulings of the Ordinances—he was taken into custody by
322:, was contemplated, or possibly even took place and then annulled. It was not until early 1309 that Guy married
396:
450:
Early in 1307, Edward I made his last grant to Warwick, when he gave him John Balliol's forfeited lordship of
447:. In March 1307 he made preparations to accompany Prince Edward to France, but this journey never took place.
467:
288:
225:
763:
797:
668:
404:
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for life. He continued in the king's service in Scotland and elsewhere. In 1299 he helped negotiate the
400:
387:
Edward I knighted Guy de Beauchamp at Easter 1296. Warwick's career of public service started with the
338:
330:
heiress. By this time Guy had already succeeded as Earl of Warwick, after his father's death in 1298.
1620:
726:
695:
436:
527:
360:, by whom she had two sons, William Astley, 4th Lord Astley and Sir Thomas Astley, ancestor of the
206:
1474:
253:
1200:
1194:
1063:
1057:
1478:
1464:
1282:
431:, and also participated in negotiations with the French over the release of the Scottish king
1590:
1298:
Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, 1307–1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II
698:: "one must doubt whether even Warwick could have brought unity as one chronicler supposed".
652:
595:
511:
257:
229:
50:
391:
in 1298. Here he distinguished himself, and received a reward of Scottish lands worth 1,000
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333:
By his wife, Alice, Guy had two daughters and two sons—Thomas, his heir and successor, and
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292:
8:
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416:
357:
350:
906:
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom
1546:
1270:
762:
731:
548:
547:, a number of the barons set out in pursuit of Gaveston. Gaveston ensconced himself at
516:
420:
408:
214:
1300:. Detroit; London: Wayne State University Press; Harvester-Wheatsheaf. pp. 92–3.
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1095:
1067:
1053:
1024:
1016:
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620:
523:
388:
284:
882:
877:
Hamilton, J. S. (2004). "Beauchamp, Guy de, tenth earl of Warwick (c. 1272–1315)".
834:
805:
491:
39:
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758:
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578:
566:. On 10 June, while Pembroke was away, Warwick forcibly carried away Gaveston to
531:
444:
392:
361:
304:
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202:
83:
31:
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was Edward abandoning his father's Scottish campaigns, a policy that opened the
268:
Arms of Newburgh Earls of Warwick, adopted c. 1200 at start of age of heraldry:
1460:
1003:
900:
838:
809:
686:
636:
628:
567:
459:
451:
323:
308:
303:, and when his uncle died without issue in 1268, he became the first Beauchamp
194:
101:
45:
886:
737:. Who's Who in British History Series. Vol. 3. London: Shepheard-Walwyn.
543:
taken over leadership of the baronial opposition. While the King departed for
1584:
1218:
1137:
909:. Vol. xii (New ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press. p. 774.
640:
582:
455:
327:
280:
159:
829:(2004). "Beauchamp, William (IV) de, ninth earl of Warwick (c. 1238–1298)".
515:
king was forced to accept the appointment of a commission to draft a set of
1115:
1087:
784:
632:
611:
432:
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By an unknown mistress (or mistresses), Earl Guy also had three daughters:
623:
reported rumours that the king had had Warwick poisoned. He was buried at
676:
664:
563:
356:
Elizabeth de Beauchamp (c. 1316 – 1359), married before Easter term 1332
217:, that limited the powers of the king and banished Gaveston into exile.
826:
559:
463:
502:
475:
190:
497:
486:
Before his death, the old king had exiled Prince Edward's favourite
205:, and succeeded his father in 1298. He distinguished himself at the
1023:(updated ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 495.
958:
Magna Charta Barons and Their Descendants By Charles Henry Browning
312:
252:
Seal of Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick, as appended to the
210:
1466:
Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: A Study in the Reign of Edward II
927:(Second ed.). London: Royal Historical Society. p. 453.
783:
Arms of "Thomas, Earl of Warwick" stated in several 13th-century
639:, were spread over nineteen counties as well as Scotland and the
590:
186:
1470:
209:
and subsequently, as a capable servant of the crown under King
337:, Lord Beauchamp KG (1315 – 2 December 1360), who carried the
1062:(updated ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
474:, he carried the ceremonial swords at the coronation of King
606:
167:
544:
466:, Warwick was present when King Edward died. Together with
651:. Like his elder brother, he distinguished himself in the
581:
friars, and in 1315, King Edward finally had it buried at
999:
997:
415:
at Canterbury, and in 1300 he took part in the Siege of
318:
A marriage between Guy and Isabel de Clare, daughter of
291:
and a member of the council of fifteen that imposed the
248:
44:
Guy de Beauchamp standing over the decapitated body of
1255:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. pp. 527–539.
994:
411:
and he was also present at the king's own wedding to
522:
The leaders of these so-called Lords Ordainers were
730:
601:
419:. The next year he was a signatory to a letter to
1094:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 2–4.
375:Emma de Beauchamp; married Roland de Oddingseles.
1582:
555:, as long as his security would be guaranteed.
551:, and on 19 May 1312, agreed on a surrender to
275:Guy de Beauchamp was the first son and heir of
224:. Warwick abducted Gaveston and, together with
1355:
1353:
1176:
1174:
1122:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 9.
733:Who's Who in Late Medieval England (1272–1485)
800:(2004). "John fitz Geoffrey (c. 1206–1258)".
594:ended in a humiliating English defeat at the
372:Isabel de Beauchamp; married John de Clinton.
189:, and one of the principal opponents of King
173:Gules, a fesse between six cross crosslets or
1059:Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke 1307–1324
899:
1453:
1350:
1253:English Historical Documents III, 1189–1327
1249:The text of the Ordinances can be found in
1199:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
1171:
501:Warwick was in constant opposition to King
983:
981:
979:
977:
481:
38:
1459:
1189:
1015:
796:
645:Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
277:William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick
238:Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
150:William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick
129:Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
1295:
1250:
1114:
1086:
1052:
876:
821:
819:
605:
519:towards reform of the royal government.
496:
263:
247:
166:
1395:. London: Royal Historical Society: 26.
1386:
974:
967:The antiquities of Warwickshire By Sir
879:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
831:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
802:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1583:
872:
870:
868:
649:John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp
382:
320:Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford
279:(c. 1238 – 1298). His mother was
222:Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
185:1272 – 12 August 1315) was an English
179:Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick
134:John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp
115:
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270:Checky azure and or a chevron ermine
243:
1168:Maddicott (1970), pp. 72, 111, 325.
881:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
833:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
804:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
655:, and was a founding member of the
537:
301:William Maudit, 8th Earl of Warwick
13:
913:
845:
708:
553:Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke
362:Astleys of Patshull and of Everley
14:
1632:
1120:The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399
1092:The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399
1611:Earls of Warwick (1088 creation)
770:Dictionary of National Biography
663:extensive. It contained several
558:Pembroke lodged his prisoner in
1616:High sheriffs of Worcestershire
1530:
1517:
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1037:
1009:
961:
952:
943:
602:Death and historical assessment
1240:Maddicott (1970), pp. 9, 84–7.
1196:Plantagenet England: 1225–1360
931:
925:Handbook of British Chronology
893:
790:
787:, incl. Collins' Roll, c. 1296
777:
751:
472:Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln
397:High Sheriff of Worcestershire
358:Thomas Astley, 3rd Lord Astley
1:
1606:14th-century English nobility
1601:13th-century English nobility
701:
226:Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
182:
63:
1159:Maddicott (1970), pp. 108–9.
458:. On 7 July that year, near
299:. William was the nephew of
7:
1423:Maddicott (1970), p. 158–9.
1251:Rothwell, H. (ed.) (1975).
773:. Vol. 04. p. 28.
405:Prince Edward of Caernarfon
10:
1637:
1377:Phillips (1972), pp. 36–7.
1368:McKisack (1959), pp. 28–9.
1569:
1560:
1552:
1545:
1536:Maddicott (1970), p. 115.
1450:Maddicott (1970), p. 170.
1432:Prestwich (2005), p. 190.
1405:Maddicott (1970), 130–54.
1329:Maddicott (1970), p. 119.
940:by Charles Henry Browning
764:"Beauchamp, Guy de"
505:. Great seal of Edward II
468:Thomas, Earl of Lancaster
155:
145:
110:
91:
78:
70:
59:
37:
30:
23:
1296:Hamilton, J. S. (1988).
1150:Maddicott (1970), p. 90.
1043:Prestwich (1997), p. 24.
528:Archbishop of Canterbury
435:. He was present at the
48:. From the 15th-century
1514:Phillips (1972), p. 94.
1475:Oxford University Press
1441:Phillips (1972), p. 92.
1414:McKisack (1959), p. 30.
1359:Hamilton (1988), p. 99.
1347:Hamilton (1988), p. 97.
1338:Hamilton (1988), p. 96.
1320:Hamilton (1988), p. 94.
1180:McKisack (1959), p. 10.
614:of the Beauchamp family
482:Conflict with Edward II
439:in 1304, serving under
407:to the French princess
16:Mediaeval English noble
1231:Phillips (1972), p. 9.
839:10.1093/ref:odnb/47242
810:10.1093/ref:odnb/38271
615:
506:
427:'s authority over the
353:are their descendants.
272:
261:
201:, the first Beauchamp
175:
138:Elizabeth de Beauchamp
98:Isabel de Clare ?
923:Fryde, E. B. (1961).
887:10.1093/ref:odnb/1835
609:
596:Battle of Bannockburn
500:
478:on 25 February 1308.
267:
251:
230:Battle of Bannockburn
197:. Guy was the son of
170:
1556:William de Beauchamp
682:Vita Edwardi Secundi
573:Annales Londonienses
351:Barons Saye and Sele
293:Provisions of Oxford
289:Justiciar of Ireland
254:Barons' Letter, 1301
199:William de Beauchamp
1573:Thomas de Beauchamp
1523:Cokayne (1910–59),
1501:Cokayne (1910–59),
987:Cokayne (1910–59),
657:Order of the Garter
417:Caerlaverock Castle
401:Treaty of Montreuil
383:Service to Edward I
193:and his favourite,
171:Arms of Beauchamp:
1547:Peerage of England
1281:has generic name (
1017:Prestwich, Michael
616:
549:Scarborough Castle
507:
413:Margaret of France
273:
262:
215:Ordinances of 1311
176:
1579:
1578:
1570:Succeeded by
1389:Camden Miscellany
621:Thomas Walsingham
524:Robert Winchelsey
437:Siege of Stirling
429:Scottish question
335:John de Beauchamp
285:John Fitzgeoffrey
244:Family background
207:Battle of Falkirk
165:
164:
125:Maud de Beauchamp
1628:
1621:Beauchamp family
1553:Preceded by
1543:
1542:
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1461:Maddicott, J. R.
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843:
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823:
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813:
798:Carpenter, David
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781:
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766:
759:Round, J. Horace
755:
749:
748:
736:
723:
538:Gaveston's death
492:earl of Cornwall
389:Falkirk campaign
184:
119:
87:
86:, Worcestershire
65:
42:
25:Guy de Beauchamp
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20:
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898:
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778:
756:
752:
745:
724:
709:
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625:Bordesley Abbey
604:
540:
532:excommunication
484:
445:Prince of Wales
385:
343:Battle of Crécy
305:earl of Warwick
246:
203:earl of Warwick
141:
113:
112:
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84:Bordesley Abbey
82:
55:
32:Earl of Warwick
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17:
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1539:
1538:
1529:
1516:
1507:
1494:
1487:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1288:
1261:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1209:
1182:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1128:
1107:
1100:
1079:
1072:
1045:
1036:
1029:
1008:
1006:(1970), p. 69.
993:
973:
960:
951:
942:
930:
912:
892:
844:
815:
789:
776:
750:
743:
727:Hicks, Michael
706:
705:
703:
700:
687:William Stubbs
637:Worcestershire
629:Worcestershire
603:
600:
568:Warwick Castle
539:
536:
488:Piers Gaveston
483:
480:
460:Burgh by Sands
452:Barnard Castle
384:
381:
380:
379:
376:
373:
366:
365:
354:
339:royal standard
324:Alice de Toeni
309:Guy of Warwick
283:, daughter of
245:
242:
195:Piers Gaveston
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
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140:
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131:
126:
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120:
108:
107:
105:
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102:Alice de Toeni
99:
95:
93:
89:
88:
80:
76:
75:
74:12 August 1315
72:
68:
67:
61:
57:
56:
46:Piers Gaveston
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1633:
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1599:
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1557:
1551:
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1504:
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1488:0-19-821837-0
1484:
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1462:
1456:
1447:
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1365:
1356:
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1326:
1317:
1309:
1307:0-8143-2008-2
1303:
1299:
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1284:
1272:
1264:
1262:0-413-23310-3
1258:
1254:
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1237:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1210:0-19-822844-9
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:0-19-821712-9
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:McKisack, May
1111:
1103:
1101:0-19-821712-9
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:McKisack, May
1083:
1075:
1073:0-19-822359-5
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1032:
1030:0-300-07209-0
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1005:
1000:
998:
990:
984:
982:
980:
978:
970:
964:
955:
946:
939:
934:
926:
919:
917:
908:
907:
903:(1910–1959).
902:
896:
888:
884:
880:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
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849:
840:
836:
832:
828:
822:
820:
811:
807:
803:
799:
793:
786:
785:Rolls of Arms
780:
772:
771:
765:
760:
754:
746:
744:0-85683-092-5
740:
735:
734:
728:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
707:
699:
697:
696:Michael Hicks
691:
688:
684:
683:
678:
674:
670:
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665:saints' lives
660:
658:
654:
650:
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641:Welsh Marches
638:
634:
630:
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586:
584:
583:Kings Langley
580:
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546:
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456:County Durham
453:
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363:
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355:
352:
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344:
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331:
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328:Hertfordshire
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Maud FitzJohn
278:
271:
266:
259:
255:
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241:
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233:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
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196:
192:
188:
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174:
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161:
160:Maud FitzJohn
158:
154:
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144:
137:
135:
132:
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127:
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97:
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90:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
62:
58:
54:
52:
47:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
19:
1591:1270s births
1561:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1510:
1505:, pp. 372–5.
1502:
1497:
1465:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1297:
1291:
1279:|first=
1252:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1195:
1185:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1119:
1110:
1091:
1082:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1020:
1011:
991:, pp. 370–2.
988:
963:
954:
945:
937:
933:
924:
904:
895:
878:
830:
801:
792:
779:
768:
753:
732:
692:
680:
661:
633:Warwickshire
617:
612:coat of arms
587:
571:
557:
541:
521:
508:
485:
449:
433:John Balliol
423:, rejecting
386:
367:
332:
326:, a wealthy
317:
274:
269:
234:
219:
178:
177:
172:
114:
49:
18:
1596:1315 deaths
1527:, pp. 50–1.
1477:. pp.
827:Coss, Peter
677:King Arthur
667:as well as
653:French wars
564:Oxfordshire
403:betrothing
116:See details
1585:Categories
1567:1298–1315
702:References
560:Deddington
517:ordinances
464:Cumberland
287:, who was
1271:cite book
1219:185767800
1138:183353136
1004:Maddicott
673:Alexander
591:retainers
579:Dominican
503:Edward II
476:Edward II
297:Henry III
258:quartered
191:Edward II
1463:(1970).
1193:(2005).
1118:(1959).
1090:(1959).
1056:(1972).
1021:Edward I
1019:(1997).
761:(1885).
729:(1991).
669:romances
421:the Pope
409:Isabella
313:Edward I
295:on King
211:Edward I
341:at the
187:magnate
1485:
1471:Oxford
1304:
1259:
1217:
1207:
1136:
1126:
1098:
1070:
1027:
741:
671:about
512:Border
470:, and
443:, the
441:Edward
156:Mother
146:Father
92:Spouse
79:Buried
1479:22–23
393:marks
111:Issue
53:Rolls
1483:ISBN
1393:viii
1302:ISBN
1283:help
1257:ISBN
1215:OCLC
1205:ISBN
1134:OCLC
1124:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1025:ISBN
739:ISBN
675:and
635:and
610:The
545:York
425:Rome
71:Died
66:1272
60:Born
51:Rous
1503:xii
1201:182
1064:557
989:xii
883:doi
835:doi
806:doi
627:in
562:in
462:in
454:in
1587::
1525:ii
1481:.
1473::
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1391:.
1352:^
1275::
1273:}}
1269:{{
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240:.
183:c.
64:c.
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364:.
181:(
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