592:
789:
804:
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significantly. As of 2019, the fertility rate stood at 1.36 children per woman, far below the 2.1 children per woman required to maintain the same level of population. Japan had 126.5 million people in 2018, with
Japanese nationals numbering 124.8 million in January 2019. Currently, 1 in 4 Japanese
755:
nuns, opened in 1946. By 1948, staff members were caring for 126 children fathered by
American servicemen, by 1950 and 136 children. A letter, dated 1948, detailed an incident of a malnourished infant born to a Japanese teenager whose American father refused to support for fear his wife would learn
646:
were increasingly marginalized. During a period of only 36 years, the Ainu went from being a relatively isolated group of people to having their land, language, religion and customs assimilated into those of the
Japanese. Intermarriage between Japanese and Ainu was actively promoted by the Ainu to
913:
Of the one million children born in Japan in 2013, 2.2% had one or more non-Japanese parent. According to the
Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, one in forty-nine babies born in Japan today are born into families with one non-Japanese parent. Most intermarriages in Japan are between
893:
The former term evolved to be an umbrella term for
Eurasian or mixed East Asian/mestizo, East Asian/African, East Asian/Arab and East Asian/indigenous heritage in general. At the same time it is possible for people with little Japanese or other East Asian ancestry to be perceivable just by their
1778:
Adams' marriage with Yuki was arranged by Mukai Shogen, authorised by the Shogun. There is no official record that Magome Kageyu had a daughter, and it is believed that he adopted Yuki, his maid, for marrying to Adams and to advance his own trading activities. Primary source
Nishiyama Toshio –
905:
Soon this too became a taboo term due to its derogatory connotations such as illegitimacy and discrimination. What were central to these labels were the emphasis on "blood impurity" and the obvious separation of the half
Japanese from the majority of Japanese. Some English-speaking parents of
926:
in junior high school, treated like foreigners or stereotyped as bilingual and models. However, being mixed has been increasingly seen more positively. The hafu of international marriages between
Japanese and other Asians tend to blend in easier in Japanese society. They can have a
848:
in the media has provided the basis for such a vivid representation of them in the culture. As of 2018, it is estimated that 30% to 40% of runway models in
Japanese fashion shows identify as hafu. Most top models in their 20s of popular Japanese fashion magazines are hafu.
921:
In the 21st century, stereotyping and discrimination against hāfu occurs based on how different their identity, behavior and appearance is from a typical
Japanese person. Some experience negative treatment such as being teased or
966:
plays the lead role of Vito, a half-Filipino, half-Japanese man who always smiles despite all of the problems and difficulties he faces. The series focused on foreigners and mixed race children who suffered from racism.
1462:
Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama; Kirill Kryukov; Timothy A Jinam; Kazuyoshi Hosomichi; Aiko Saso; Gen Suwa; Shintaroh Ueda; Minoru Yoneda; Atsushi Tajima; Ken-ichi Shinoda; Ituro Inoue; Naruya Saitou1 (February 2017).
711:. It's estimated that by 1952, anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 Japanese children were fathered by American servicemen, with many of the children placed for adoption by their Japanese mothers due to the stigma of
914:
Japanese men and women from other Asian countries, including China, the Philippines and South Korea. Southeast Asia also has significant populations of people with half Japanese ancestry, particularly in the
1723:
Kumar, Ann. (2009). Globalizing the Prehistory of Japan: Language, Genes and Civilisation. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Page 79 & 88. Retrieved January 23, 2018, from link.
647:
lessen the chances of discrimination against their offspring. As a result, many Ainu are indistinguishable from their Japanese neighbors, but some Ainu Japanese are interested in traditional Ainu culture.
976:
was released in April 2013. It is about the experiences of five hāfu living in Japan. It deals with issues of identity, multiculturalism, relationships, hardship and stereotyping that they face.
2799:
2380:
1734:
2725:
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Kanzawa-Kiriyama, H.; Kryukov, K.; Jinam, T. A.; Hosomichi, K.; Saso, A.; Suwa, G.; Ueda, S.; Yoneda, M.; Tajima, A.; Shinoda, K. I.; Inoue, I.; Saitou, N. (2016-06-01).
2265:
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ancestry in general. As many consider Japan to be one of the most homogeneous societies on the planet, children who have one non-Japanese parent are called
2213:
70:
individuals are well represented in Japanese media and abroad, and recent studies in the 2010s estimate that 1 in 30 children born in Japan are born to
58:
from English, the term literally means "half," a reference to the individual's non-Japanese heritage. The word can also be used to describe anyone with
2675:
3318:
1157:
1514:
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Hāfu refers to a person who has one ethnic Japanese parent and one non-ethnic Japanese parent. The term ethnic Japanese refers to the Indigenous
2453:
1012:
residents are over the age of 65, meaning that if the birthrate does not increase, one-third of the population will be above this age by 2050.
629:, born in Japan to a Japanese mother and Chinese father and raised there until the age of seven, known by the Japanese given name, Fukumatsu.
614:, one of the few non-Japanese to do so. He wed Oyuki (お雪), a Japanese woman and together, they had two children, Joseph and Susanna, who were
1675:
2027:
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regards all naturalized Japanese citizens and native-born Japanese nationals with multi-ethnic backgrounds as Japanese, with no official
199:
parent. The term is a loanword, based on the English word "quarter" and refers to an individual's 25%, or one quarter, Japanese ancestry.
2376:
2325:
2235:
2350:
2866:
1264:
1614:
1742:
1232:
1200:
415:, the term does not imply an individual is 50%, or half, of a certain race or ethnicity, only that they are mixed race. It is a
2632:
2606:
2585:
2011:
1802:
1769:
3663:
3658:
3311:
2428:
122:, parent. It was historically often associated with discriminating sentiment. The term is almost never used today in Japan.
3653:
3643:
1372:
1333:
2061:
Japan and Global Migration: Foreign Workers and the Advent of a ... – Mike Douglass, Glenda Susan Roberts – Google Books
3259:
2651:
2300:
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is seen as antiquated for connoting racial notions that have been discarded in many circles since Japan's surrender in
1043:
2551:
2141:
2102:
2092:
2069:
910:
is another term for children of mixed ancestry, especially those born to Japanese mothers and U.S. military fathers.
898:, while people with about a quarter or less of non-East Asian ancestry may identify on the Brazilian census as being
603:
1968:
1425:"Hafu's in Japan: Interesting Facts About Japan's Mixed Race Population | YABAI – The Modern, Vibrant Face of Japan"
1373:""Japan's hafu stars are celebrated. But some mixed-race people say they feel like foreigners in their own country""
772:, cared for more than 700 Amerasian children, none of whom were visited or supported by their American fathers. The
1334:"Japan's hafu stars are celebrated. But some mixed-race people say they feel like foreigners in their own country"
3621:
3304:
2059:
818:
Fashionable images of the half Japanese people have become prominent especially with the increased appearance of
404:
235:
3228:
2838:
2209:
1398:
1347:
341:
ancestry. Historically, the term referred to children born to local women and American servicemen stationed in
3186:
2706:
527:
Modern mainland Yamato Japanese have less than 20% Jomon people's genomes. In modern Japan, the term Yamato
3540:
3523:
2859:
2188:
1285:
2817:
3596:
3083:
2740:
2702:
2666:
915:
1461:
3269:
2552:"Many hafu stars are celebrated in Japan. But for normal mixed-race people it can be a different story"
1167:
777:
704:
780:, between 1960 and 1977 providing long-term assistance to over 100 families with mixed-race children.
707:
in Japan and Asia saw the birth of many children born to American fathers; these children were called
66:
Japanese and often face prejudice and discrimination from Japanese citizens of full Japanese descent.
3648:
3233:
1469:
1309:
959:
955:
575:
497:. There were mixed Asian couples between ethnic Japanese and other East and Southeast Asian peoples.
2457:
3140:
607:
145:
is an alternative to Hāfu that focuses on the positive connotations of two cultures instead of one.
3518:
2852:
2037:
1679:
761:
712:
370:
2824: (archived January 30, 2018). By artist Natalie Maya Willer and researcher Marcia Yumi Lise.
2479:
591:
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3427:
3327:
1792:
1020:
1599:
1032:
3535:
3029:
2032:
2006:. Sydney: NewSouth Books; New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. 181–94, 206–220.
1508:
996:
20:
459:. They are Portuguese terms, used in Brazil, but enjoy less popularity than ainoco and hāfu.
3206:
3201:
3009:
2351:"Documentary shows hardships of mixed-race individuals in Japan – AJW by The Asahi Shimbun"
2329:
2243:
1060:
478:
71:
3475:
2354:
1586:
Levin, Mark (February 1, 2008). "The Wajin's Whiteness: Law and Race Privilege in Japan".
8:
3506:
3096:
3014:
2279:
1085:
1065:
1016:
992:
988:
928:
300:
1254:
3285:
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2764:. The Elizabeth Saunders Home in Japan included many Japanese Amerasians (early Hafus).
1554:
1529:
1491:
1464:
308:
59:
3001:
2832:
2775:
1819:
1075:
1015:
The percentage of hāfu is increasing, but the group is still a minority in Japan. The
3565:
3264:
3034:
2628:
2602:
2581:
2156:
2098:
2065:
2007:
1976:
1798:
1595:
1559:
1530:"A partial nuclear genome of the Jomons who lived 3000 years ago in Fukushima, Japan"
1496:
1465:"A partial nuclear genome of the Jomons who lived 3000 years ago in Fukushima, Japan"
1222:
1190:
416:
400:
338:
43:
2529:
3545:
3417:
2903:
1884:
1615:"Ryukyuan, Ainu People Genetically Similar Read more from Asian Scientist Magazine"
1549:
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811:
494:
396:
392:
2759:
788:
3610:
3480:
3453:
3407:
3063:
3046:
2821:
2620:
2596:
2575:
2001:
1738:
1618:
1115:
984:
840:
826:
models are now seen on television or fill the pages of fashion magazines such as
672:(港の酒場の混血児踊り子, lit. The Dancing In-Between Child at the Harbour Bar) the furigana
547:
536:
474:
354:
47:
3341:
2767:
856:, meaning a child born of a relationship between two races. It is still used in
555:
505:
107:
3580:
3575:
3550:
3501:
3019:
2963:
2895:
2805:
1845:
1090:
1080:
1008:
807:
796:
559:
2094:
American Mixed Race: The Culture of Microdiversity - Naomi Zack – Google Books
3637:
3485:
3458:
3448:
3377:
3223:
3218:
2987:
2978:
2973:
1980:
1700:
963:
857:
716:
563:
501:
490:
255:
2796:, by Kevin Miller, Jr., MPA. Calls himself a Japanese Amerasian, not a Hafu.
2304:
1940:
1448:
3555:
3412:
3367:
3346:
3191:
2788:– Author. Son of a Black/Native American military man and a Japanese woman.
2616:
1563:
1500:
1105:
773:
698:
543:
532:
509:
334:
239:
3443:
3296:
3213:
3153:
3058:
3052:
3024:
2890:
2808:– Voices of half Japanese, mixed race/multiracial or multiethnic persons.
2160:
1790:
1773:
1545:
1482:
1259:
1227:
1195:
1120:
1110:
1070:
980:
972:
931:. Their foreign side could be suppressed in Japan's homogeneous culture.
894:
phenotype to identify mostly as black, white or mestizo/pardo instead of
792:
769:
752:
643:
567:
551:
482:
350:
247:
219:
169:
2911:
610:, settled in Japan in April 1600. He was ultimately granted the rank of
357:, which describes an American citizen of full or partial Asian ancestry.
284:
3422:
2266:"Japanese descendants on Philippine island lighten up from solar power"
1095:
481:. Over the course of centuries, the minority ethnic groups such as the
424:
346:
312:
3238:
3107:
2598:
Diachrony of Verb Morphology: Japanese and the Transeurasian Languages
2403:"Naomi Osaka becomes first Japanese woman to reach a Grand Slam final"
1888:
440:
168:
is a Japanese person with one non-Japanese parent. It is considered a
3402:
3382:
3101:
3089:
2995:
2958:
2844:
1527:
1399:""Being 'hafu' in Japan: Mixed-race people face ridicule, rejection""
1055:
907:
803:
708:
637:
571:
513:
486:
407:
heritage. The term is a loanword, based on the English word half, as
342:
330:
320:
2943:
1872:
3511:
3387:
3351:
3165:
3068:
2934:
2210:"Being 'hafu' in Japan: Mixed-race people face ridicule, rejection"
1348:"Being 'hafu' in Japan: Mixed-race people face ridicule, rejection"
923:
748:
277:
55:
3148:
2505:
1130:
512:. The Yayoi were an admixture (1,000 BCE–300 CE) of migrants from
3196:
3170:
3158:
3126:
3120:
2968:
2927:
2783:
2621:"The uses of Ryukyuan in understanding Japanese language history"
1135:
1125:
878:
719:
and the struggles of supporting a child alone in post-war Japan.
622:
611:
595:
493:
population. Mixed race couples and thus hāfu people were rare in
374:
2791:
2726:"Haafu Identities Inside and Outside of Japanese Advertisements"
2530:"平成20年末現在における外国人登録者統計について(Number of Foreign residents in Japan)"
2429:"Osaka stuns Serena, captures first Grand Slam title at US Open"
2180:
882:(broader term in Hispanic America for mixed race in general) or
765:
660:(街の國際娘, lit. International Girl in the City) by Japanese author
3470:
3392:
3372:
861:
834:
828:
757:
621:
Chinese military leader Chenggong Zheng, historically known as
420:
304:
51:
2454:"Japan population drops by record number to 124.8 mil.: gov't"
1766:
Anjin – The Life and Times of Samurai William Adams, 1564–1620
3560:
3133:
2951:
2920:
521:
517:
251:
1935:
1933:
890:(yellow) is generally used for people of East Asian origin.
3397:
3076:
2811:
1100:
382:
2303:(in Japanese). Oricon Style. 16 March 2009. Archived from
1912:
1424:
844:
as often as newsreaders or celebrities. The appearance of
684:
in dictionaries, which would not occur until after 1973.。
2827:
2549:
1930:
1162:
852:
One of the earliest terms referring to half Japanese was
276:
is an individual with one Japanese parent. The term is a
2839:"“This Is Who I Am”: Jero, Young, Gifted, Polycultural"
2577:
The Origins of Banana-fibre Cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan
2446:
1632:
554:
and share the ancestry with the indigenous prehistoric
373:
and Asian ancestry. It should not be confused with the
1656:
692:
539:" or even "Japanese-Japanese" are often used instead.
1870:
1644:
315:, both countries with a sizable Japanese populations.
254:
term and is regularly used among English speakers in
2377:"Double the trouble, twice the joy for Japan's hafu"
1791:
Marius B. Jansen; Professor Marius B Jansen (1992).
1191:"Hafu draws viewers into world of Japanese identity"
2800:
Biracial Beauty Queen Challenges Japan’s Self-Image
1310:"CONTEMPORARY JAPAN: JAPANESE SOCIETY: Homogeneity"
995:singles champion. Naomi Osaka is the winner of the
906:children of mixed ethnicity use the word "double."
214:– A person of mixed Japanese and Filipino ancestry.
2003:"Children of the Occupation: Japan's Untold Story"
638:Meiji, Taishō and pre-war Shōwa period (1868–1945)
500:The most well-regarded theory is that present-day
2134:"What it means to be a mixed-race model in Japan"
3635:
2676:"The Language of "Racial Mixture" in Japan: How
1999:
1784:
558:(pre 10,000–1,000 BCE) people, who arrived from
2623:. In Frellesvig, Bjarke; Whitman, John (eds.).
2057:
1907:
1905:
947:
724:
419:term, used by English and Hawaiian speakers in
282:
176:
149:
126:
105:
84:
27:
2058:Douglass, Mike; Roberts, Glenda Susan (2003).
941:
731:
468:
291:
183:
156:
133:
114:
91:
34:
3312:
2860:
2761:Elizabeth Saunders Home Reunion Facebook Page
2652:"The "Human Duty" to Deracialize Nationality"
2456:. The Mainichi. July 10, 2019. Archived from
2420:
2202:
1763:
1726:
886:people of some Japanese ancestry. In Brazil,
2328:(in Japanese). Nikkan Sports. Archived from
1902:
783:
103:is a Japanese person with a non-Japanese or
3244:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
2780:. Active Hafu group with over 2400 members.
2772:. Active Hafu group with over 7300 members.
2148:
1612:
1513:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1026:
598:was a Chinese monarch who was hāfu Japanese
3326:
3319:
3305:
2867:
2853:
2793:AmerasianWorld.com's "Salaam Central Asia"
2157:"Half, bi or double? One family's trouble"
2028:"Growing Up Different but Never Alienated"
1732:
1606:
1455:
1037:
2723:
2573:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
1638:
1553:
1490:
586:
574:' distinct culture was suppressed by the
296:, lit. child in-between or child of love)
96:, lit. child in-between or child of love)
2777:Planet Hafu (Half Japanese Facebook Page
2594:
1873:"「混血」をめぐる言説 : 近代日本語辞書に現れるその同意語を中心に"
1871:岡村兵衛 (Okamura, Hyoue) (March 25, 2013).
1797:. Harvard University Press. p. 26.
1662:
973:Hafu: The Mixed-Race Experience in Japan
802:
787:
590:
46:term used to refer to a person of half
2673:
2649:
2615:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1817:
1650:
1422:
1314:Asia for Educators, Columbia University
1252:
1155:
1002:
810:, actress, comedian, fashion designer (
504:are descendants of both the Indigenous
195:is a Japanese person with one Japanese
3636:
2874:
2835:– Large list of speakers to the event.
2739:(2). Center for Asia Pacific Studies,
2701:(2). Center for Asia Pacific Studies,
2665:(2). Center for Asia Pacific Studies,
2400:
2233:
2154:
2117:
1820:"Recognition at last for Japan's Ainu"
1396:
1370:
1220:
1188:
687:
581:
3300:
2848:
2374:
1585:
991:singles final and the first Japanese
203:
2625:Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects
2090:
1957:
1779:Aoime-no-sodanyaku, leyasu-to-Anjin.
1156:Krieger, Daniel (29 November 2010).
650:The first visible usage of the term
2522:
1811:
1397:Saberi, Roxana (9 September 2015).
1371:Jozuka, Emiko (23 September 2020).
693:Shōwa period (post-war) (1945–1989)
676:is used as a synonym for the term "
451:, with one Japanese parent, i.e. a
16:Person of partial Japanese ancestry
13:
2643:
2401:Newman, Paul (September 7, 2018).
2234:Agnote, Dario (October 11, 2017).
2140:. October 25, 2018. Archived from
1818:Fogarty, Philippa (June 6, 2008).
1253:Fujioka, Brett (14 January 2011).
1223:"Hafu focuses on whole individual"
669:Minato no Sakaba no Ainoko Odoriko
14:
3680:
2748:
1735:"Between a rock and a hard place"
1158:"The whole story on being 'hafu'"
550:are significantly related to the
489:were mostly assimilated into the
353:. It should not be confused with
3616:
3615:
2754:List includes archived websites.
2724:Mori Want, Kaori (Winter 2016).
2426:
2236:"A glimmer of hope for castoffs"
1221:Yamada, Mio (28 February 2009).
1189:Navidi, Nooshin (22 June 2010).
632:
2566:
2550:Emiko Jozuka and Vivien Jones.
2543:
2498:
2472:
2394:
2383:from the original on 2013-10-28
2368:
2353:. Ajw.asahi.com. Archived from
2343:
2318:
2293:
2272:
2258:
2227:
2216:from the original on 2017-05-20
2191:from the original on 2016-10-15
2173:
2084:
2051:
2020:
1993:
1864:
1838:
1757:
1717:
1693:
1668:
1579:
1570:
1521:
1441:
1423:Writers, YABAI (28 June 2017).
1416:
1390:
1286:"Is Japan embracing diversity?"
1267:from the original on 2011-01-22
1235:from the original on 2011-12-16
1203:from the original on 2011-12-01
1044:List of hāfu in popular culture
578:and faced forced assimilation.
3229:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
2674:Okamura, Hyoue (Spring 2017).
2650:Okamura, Hyoue (Spring 2017).
2064:. University of Hawaii Press.
1701:"Yayoi linked to Yangtze area"
1364:
1340:
1326:
1302:
1278:
1246:
1214:
1182:
1149:
680:" predating the appearance of
77:
1:
3187:Cherokee freedmen controversy
2627:. John Benjamins Publishing.
2155:Kosaka, Kristy (2009-01-27).
1967:Yoshida, Reiji (2008-09-10).
1142:
742:Our Lady of Lourdes Orphanage
447:is an individual, usually an
280:, based on the Japanese word
2301:"椎名林檎、5年半ぶりのソロ新曲は松潤主演ドラマ主題歌"
2097:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1969:"Mixed-race babies in lurch"
1033:List of half Japanese people
1009:population of Japan is aging
987:woman and hāfu to contest a
654:dates to 1930, in the novel
7:
3664:Multiracial affairs in Asia
3659:Ethno-cultural designations
3597:Ethnic nationalism in Japan
2769:Hafu Japanese Facebook Page
2741:University of San Francisco
2703:University of San Francisco
2667:University of San Francisco
2580:. Leuven University Press.
2574:Hendrickx, Katrien (2007).
2375:Shoji, Kaori (2013-10-03).
1941:"translate – Google Search"
1852:(in Japanese). May 23, 2006
1794:China in the Tokugawa World
1048:
948:
876:may be found), to refer to
725:
469:Prehistoric to feudal Japan
283:
177:
150:
127:
106:
85:
28:
10:
3685:
3654:Japanese people by descent
3644:Japanese words and phrases
3260:Contemporary ethnic groups
2595:Robbeets, Martine (2015).
2506:"Aging in Japan｜ILC-Japan"
1733:Masami Ito (12 May 2009).
1613:Yuka Suzuki (2012-12-02).
1041:
1030:
1007:Due to low birthrate, the
902:("yellow" or East Asian).
778:Kure, Hiroshima Prefecture
768:by a Japanese woman named
705:United States Armed Forces
696:
546:studies indicate that the
463:
391:is an individual of mixed
18:
3605:
3589:
3494:
3436:
3360:
3334:
3278:
3252:
3179:
2883:
2833:HAPA JAPAN FEST 2017 BIOS
2733:Asia Pacific Perspectives
2695:Asia Pacific Perspectives
2659:Asia Pacific Perspectives
2000:Hamilton, Walter (2012).
1534:Journal of Human Genetics
1470:Journal of Human Genetics
1255:"The Other Hafu of Japan"
962:from April to June 2009.
942:
864:(where spellings such as
784:Heisei period (1989–2019)
732:
292:
250:of Black and Asian, is a
184:
161:, lit. mixed-blood child)
157:
134:
115:
92:
35:
2282:(in Japanese). AllCinema
1027:Notable hāfu individuals
776:operated in the city of
666:(北林 透馬). In the chapter
608:Dutch East India Company
2705:: 41–79. Archived from
2181:"About the film | Hafu"
1038:Hāfu in popular culture
956:television drama series
822:in the Japanese media.
762:Elizabeth Saunders Home
3328:Ethnic groups of Japan
1973:The Japan Times Online
1846:"アイヌ⇔ダブ越境！異彩を放つOKIの新作"
1764:Hiromi Rogers (2016).
815:
800:
699:Amerasian § Japan
606:, a navigator for the
599:
587:Edo period (1603–1867)
445:miscigenado de japonês
2326:"松潤フィリピンとのハーフ役でドラマ主演"
2033:The Los Angeles Times
1352:America.aljazeera.com
1021:ethnicity census data
970:The documentary film
806:
791:
657:Machi No Kokusai Mune
594:
21:Hafu (disambiguation)
3207:Interracial marriage
3202:Interethnic marriage
3030:Eurasian Singaporean
2091:Zack, Naomi (1995).
1576:Weiner 2009, xiv-xv.
1546:10.1038/jhg.2016.110
1483:10.1038/jhg.2016.110
1336:. 23 September 2020.
1061:Anglo-Burmese people
1003:Reiwa period (2019–)
703:The presence of the
479:Japanese archipelago
369:is an individual of
329:is an individual of
234:is an individual of
19:For other uses, see
2806:Die Kreuzungsstelle
2379:. The Japan Times.
1588:Hōritsu Jihō (法律時報)
1086:Demography of Japan
1066:Anglo-Indian people
1017:Government of Japan
979:In September 2018,
929:bicultural identity
860:, most prominently
758:extramarital affair
688:Contemporary period
582:Early modern period
72:interracial couples
3286:Race of the future
3270:luk khrueng people
2480:"Japan Population"
1449:"What is Japinoy?"
1170:on 3 December 2010
816:
801:
600:
508:and the immigrant
437:mestiço de japonês
432:Mestiço de japonês
375:Eurasian continent
204:In other languages
3631:
3630:
3476:Ōbeikei Islanders
3294:
3293:
2634:978-90-272-4809-1
2608:978-3-11-039994-3
2587:978-90-5867-614-6
2013:978-1-74224-140-1
1889:10.24546/81004802
1804:978-0-674-11753-2
999:Women's Singles.
795:, tennis player (
663:Touma Kitabayashi
625:(1624–1662), was
119:, lit. foreigner)
44:Japanese language
3676:
3649:Culture of Japan
3619:
3618:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3035:Filipino Mestizo
2869:
2862:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2818:The Hafu Project
2744:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2711:
2692:
2670:
2656:
2638:
2612:
2591:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2460:on July 11, 2019
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2407:Evening Standard
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2242:. Archived from
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2130:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2036:. Archived from
2024:
2018:
2017:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1741:. Archived from
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1678:. Archived from
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1504:
1494:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1451:. 25 April 2007.
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1166:. Archived from
1153:
953:
951:
945:
944:
745:
735:
734:
728:
642:Since 1899, the
576:Meiji government
522:Korean peninsula
397:Pacific Islander
297:
295:
294:
288:
189:
187:
186:
180:
162:
160:
159:
153:
139:
137:
136:
130:
120:
118:
117:
111:
97:
95:
94:
88:
40:
38:
37:
31:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3611:Japanese people
3601:
3585:
3490:
3454:Menasunkur Ainu
3432:
3356:
3330:
3325:
3295:
3290:
3274:
3248:
3175:
2879:
2873:
2841:(Fellezs 2012).
2822:Wayback Machine
2751:
2728:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2690:
2654:
2646:
2644:Further reading
2641:
2635:
2609:
2588:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2514:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2246:on June 7, 2011
2240:The Japan Times
2232:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2153:
2149:
2144:on May 5, 2022.
2132:
2131:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2089:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1985:
1983:
1965:
1958:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1879:(in Japanese).
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1789:
1785:
1768:. p. 121.
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1739:The Japan Times
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1619:Asian Scientist
1611:
1607:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1526:
1522:
1506:
1505:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1116:Kristang people
1051:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1005:
958:, broadcast by
939:
786:
729:
722:One orphanage,
701:
695:
690:
640:
635:
602:English sailor
589:
584:
544:anthropological
537:Japanese people
502:Yamato Japanese
475:Japanese people
471:
466:
457:nipo-brasileiro
439:(lit. Japanese
405:Southeast Asian
393:Native Hawaiian
299:and is used by
289:
206:
188:, lit. quarter)
181:
154:
131:
112:
89:
80:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3682:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3613:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3440:
3438:
3437:Post-classical
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3118:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3080:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2964:Cape Coloureds
2956:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2898:
2896:Amazonian Jews
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2750:
2749:External links
2747:
2746:
2745:
2721:
2671:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2613:
2607:
2601:. De Gruyter.
2592:
2586:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2542:
2521:
2497:
2471:
2445:
2419:
2393:
2367:
2342:
2317:
2292:
2271:
2257:
2226:
2201:
2172:
2147:
2116:
2103:
2083:
2070:
2050:
2019:
2012:
1992:
1956:
1929:
1913:"児童養護施設 聖母愛児園"
1901:
1863:
1837:
1810:
1803:
1783:
1756:
1745:on 19 May 2021
1725:
1716:
1692:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1639:Hendrickx 2007
1631:
1605:
1578:
1569:
1540:(2): 213–221.
1520:
1477:(2): 213–221.
1454:
1440:
1415:
1389:
1363:
1339:
1325:
1301:
1277:
1245:
1213:
1181:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1091:Aging of Japan
1088:
1083:
1081:Burgher people
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1042:Main article:
1039:
1036:
1031:Main article:
1028:
1025:
1004:
1001:
808:Naomi Watanabe
785:
782:
715:pregnancy and
713:out-of-wedlock
694:
691:
689:
686:
639:
636:
634:
631:
588:
585:
583:
580:
560:Southeast Asia
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
460:
455:citizen, or a
428:
378:
358:
355:Asian American
316:
259:
215:
205:
202:
201:
200:
173:
146:
138:, lit. double)
123:
79:
76:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3681:
3670:
3669:Race in Japan
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3624:
3623:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
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3529:
3525:
3522:
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3517:
3513:
3510:
3509:
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3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3459:Sumunkur Ainu
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3449:Ishikari Ainu
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:One-drop rule
3222:
3220:
3219:Miscegenation
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Anglo-Burmese
3008:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2712:on 2021-07-29
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2617:Serafim, Leon
2614:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2434:
2430:
2427:Kane, David.
2423:
2412:September 10,
2408:
2404:
2397:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2357:on 2013-10-13
2356:
2352:
2346:
2332:on 2009-02-13
2331:
2327:
2321:
2307:on 2009-04-22
2306:
2302:
2296:
2281:
2275:
2267:
2261:
2245:
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2015:
2009:
2005:
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1168:the original
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997:2018 US Open
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556:Jōmon period
542:Genetic and
541:
535:. The term "
533:World War II
528:
526:
510:Yayoi people
506:Jōmon people
499:
495:feudal Japan
472:
456:
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388:
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311:speakers in
303:speakers in
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63:
60:mixed-racial
54:ancestry. A
52:non-Japanese
26:
25:
3335:Prehistoric
3214:Melting pot
3154:Mixed-blood
3059:Luso-Asians
3053:Luk khrueng
2900:Brazilians
2876:Multiracial
2688:Makeup Fad"
2532:. Moj.go.jp
2438:November 2,
2161:Japan Times
1705:Trussel.com
1676:"日本人はるかな旅展"
1290:www.bbc.com
1260:Rafu Shimpo
1228:Japan Times
1196:Japan Times
1121:Luk khrueng
1111:Indo people
1071:Afro-Asians
981:Naomi Osaka
916:Philippines
793:Naomi Osaka
770:Miki Sawada
552:Ainu people
411:is; unlike
345:during the
248:portmanteau
78:In Japanese
3638:Categories
3609:See also:
3507:Brazilians
3495:Immigrants
3423:Tsuchigumo
3025:Dutch Indo
2992:Eurasians
2891:Afro-Asian
2716:2021-07-31
2684:, and the
2536:2011-11-09
2515:2017-03-21
2484:World Bank
2433:WTA Tennis
2387:2013-10-20
2361:2013-10-20
2336:2015-06-23
2311:2015-06-23
2286:2015-06-23
2220:2017-05-01
2195:2016-09-14
2166:2011-11-20
2110:2012-07-26
2077:2012-07-26
2044:2012-03-18
1986:2019-01-24
1950:2019-01-24
1945:Google.com
1923:2019-01-24
1774:1898823227
1749:5 February
1710:2017-08-20
1686:2017-08-20
1624:7 February
1594:(2): 6–7.
1434:2019-01-24
1357:2019-01-24
1319:2024-05-10
1295:2024-05-10
1271:2011-04-12
1239:2011-04-12
1207:2011-04-12
1143:References
1096:Half-caste
993:Grand Slam
989:Grand Slam
764:opened in
753:Franciscan
709:Amerasians
697:See also:
678:konketsuji
425:California
401:East Asian
339:East Asian
313:Micronesia
301:Portuguese
242:ancestry.
232:Afro-Asian
220:Afro-Asian
170:derogatory
166:konketsuji
151:Konketsuji
108:gaikokujin
3481:Ryukyuans
3403:Mishihase
3383:Koshibito
3265:Diasporas
3102:Melungeon
3084:Hùnxuě'ér
2996:Amerasian
2959:Coloureds
2812:Hafu Film
2686:Haafu-gao
2250:August 9,
1981:0447-5763
1856:March 26,
1850:HMV Japan
1403:AlJazeera
1056:Amerasian
908:Amerasian
872:(f.) and
812:Taiwanese
751:, run by
572:Ryukyuans
548:Ryukyuans
516:, mostly
514:East Asia
487:Ryukyuans
449:eurasiano
343:East Asia
327:Amerasian
321:Amerasian
309:Pohnpeian
50:and half
39:, "half")
3622:Category
3566:Russians
3512:Dekasegi
3418:Satsumon
3388:Kumabito
3352:Toraijin
3279:See also
3166:Quadroon
3090:Chindian
3069:Topasses
3064:Macanese
3047:Kristang
2935:mameluco
2912:caiçaras
2669:: 91–94.
2619:(2008).
2464:July 11,
2381:Archived
2214:Archived
2189:Archived
1824:BBC News
1564:27581845
1501:27581845
1265:Archived
1233:Archived
1201:Archived
1174:12 April
1049:See also
985:Japanese
749:Yokohama
520:and the
453:nipônico
417:Hawaiian
371:European
367:Eurasian
362:Eurasian
331:American
278:loanword
56:loanword
48:Japanese
3590:Related
3546:Koreans
3519:Chinese
3408:Okhotsk
3361:Ancient
3239:Plaçage
3234:Passing
3197:Exogamy
3180:History
3171:Sacatra
3160:mulatos
3127:castizo
3121:Mestizo
3108:mestiço
3097:Marabou
3020:Burgher
3002:Bụi đời
2974:Griquas
2969:Basters
2928:caboclo
2905:juçaras
2828:Halvsie
2820:at the
2680:became
2490:12 July
1830:June 7,
1600:1551462
1555:5285490
1492:5285490
1136:Castizo
1126:Mestizo
1106:Húnxuěr
1076:Bụi đời
949:Sumairu
924:bullied
900:amarela
888:amarela
884:mestiço
879:mestizo
797:Haitian
756:of his
623:Koxinga
612:samurai
596:Koxinga
529:minzoku
477:of the
464:History
441:mestiço
403:and/or
272:) – An
244:Blasian
236:African
230:) – An
227:Blasian
211:Japinoy
3571:Tatars
3531:French
3486:Yamato
3471:Matagi
3393:Kumaso
3378:Hayato
3373:Emishi
3141:coyote
3114:ainoko
2988:Dougla
2979:Oorlam
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2944:sarará
2878:topics
2802:, NYT.
2678:Ainoko
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896:ainoko
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870:ainoca
866:ainoco
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854:ainoko
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760:. The
570:, the
491:Yamato
421:Hawaii
347:Korean
305:Brazil
285:ainoko
274:ainoco
269:Ainoca
263:Ainoco
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143:daburu
128:Daburu
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3576:Thais
3561:Oroks
3556:Nivkh
3551:Kurds
3536:Irish
3502:Arabs
3428:Wajin
3413:Saeki
3368:Azumi
3347:Yayoi
3342:Jōmon
3253:Lists
3149:Métis
3134:cholo
2921:pardo
2884:Terms
2729:(PDF)
2710:(PDF)
2691:(PDF)
2682:Haafu
2655:(PDF)
1877:国際文化学
1826:. BBC
1429:YABAI
1131:Métis
954:is a
936:Smile
747:, in
733:聖母愛児園
518:China
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335:Asian
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252:slang
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197:grand
193:kwōtā
185:クォーター
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2603:ISBN
2582:ISBN
2492:2019
2466:2019
2440:2018
2414:2018
2252:2016
2099:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1977:ISSN
1896:2023
1858:2011
1832:2008
1799:ISBN
1770:ASIN
1751:2017
1626:2017
1596:SSRN
1560:PMID
1515:link
1497:PMID
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1384:2021
1176:2011
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1377:CNN
1163:CNN
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