771:- Influenza A viruses of various subtypes have a large reservoir in wild waterfowl, which can infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract without affecting the health of the host. They can then be carried by the bird over large distances especially during annual migration. Infected birds can shed avian influenza A viruses in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces; susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with the virus as it is shed by infected birds. The virus can survive for long periods in water and at low temperatures, and can be spread from one farm to another on farm equipment. Domesticated birds (chickens, turkeys, ducks, etc.) may become infected with avian influenza A viruses through direct contact with infected waterfowl or other infected poultry, or through contact with contaminated feces or surfaces.
42:
712:
939:
849:
909:
365:
466:
561:- it is possible to vaccinate poultry against specific strains of HPAI influenza. Vaccination should be combined with other control measures such as infection monitoring, early detection and biosecurity. In many countries, it is routine to vaccinate poultry against H5N1. In China, the world's biggest poultry producer, there has been is a mandatory vaccination requirement since 2017; the vaccine is bivalent or trivalent, targeting the H5 and H7 subtypes of influenza A virus. It is manufactured using
64:
1164:
1179:
879:
864:
546:- Several "candidate" (unproved) vaccines are available in case an avian virus acquires the ability to infect and transmit among humans; as of July 2024 these include Aflunov, Celldemic and Seqirus/Audenz. Some governments have prepared strategic stockpiles of vaccines against the H5N1 subtype which is considered the biggest risk. However, because the influenza virus is highly variable any vaccine needs to be specifically targeted against the particular
1014:
894:
1134:
1104:
954:
1089:
1059:
969:
1194:
1149:
1074:
984:
924:
1044:
1029:
1119:
999:
9472:
775:
outbreaks. Because of this, international regulations state that any detection of H5 or H7 subtypes (regardless of their pathogenicity) must be notified to the appropriate authority. It is also possible that avian influenza viruses could be transmitted to humans and other animals which have been exposed to infected birds, causing infection with unpredictable but sometimes fatal consequences.
5857:
4216:(NSABB) recommended against publication of the full details of the study, and the one submitted to Nature by Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin describing related work. However, after additional consultations at the World Health Organization and by the NSABB, the NSABB reversed its position and recommended publication of revised versions of the two papers. However, then the
4220:
declared that this type of manuscripts required
Fouchier to apply for an export permit in the light of EU directive 428/2009 on dual use goods. After much controversy surrounding the publishing of his research, Fouchier complied (under formal protest) with Dutch government demands to obtain a special
4176:
In April 2024, spread of H5N1 amongst dairy cow herds in nine states of the USA strongly indicated the presence of cow-to-cow transmission possibly occurring while the animals were being milked. Although mortality in bovines infected with H5N1 is rare, viable virus can be shed in the milk. Around 50%
255:
A/H5N1 influenza virus was first identified in farmed birds in southern China in 1996. Between 1996 and 2018, A/H5N1 coexisted in bird populations with other subtypes of the virus, but since then, the highly pathogenic subtype HPAI A(H5N1) has become the dominant strain in bird populations worldwide.
3955:
Variants have been found in a number of domestic cats, leopards, and tigers in
Thailand, with high lethality. "The Thailand Zoo tiger outbreak killed more than 140 tigers, causing health officials to make the decision to cull all the sick tigers in an effort to stop the zoo from becoming a reservoir
789:
Avian flu viruses, both HPAI and LPAI, can infect humans who are in close, unprotected contact with infected poultry. Incidents of cross-species transmission are rare, with symptoms ranging in severity from no symptoms or mild illness, to severe disease that resulted in death. As of
February, 2024
774:
Avian influenza outbreaks in domesticated birds are of concern for several reasons. There is potential for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAI) to evolve into strains which are high pathogenic to poultry (HPAI), and subsequent potential for significant illness and death among poultry during
627:(an epidemic in nonhumans) of H5N1 influenza in Hong Kong's poultry population in 1997. This outbreak was stopped by the killing of the entire domestic poultry population within the territory. Human infection was confirmed in 18 individuals who had been in close contact with poultry, 6 of whom died.
503:. "H5N1" designates an IAV subtype that has a type 5 hemagglutinin (H) protein and a type-1 neuraminidase (N) protein. Further variations exist within the subtypes and can lead to very significant differences in the virus's ability to infect and cause disease, as well as to the severity of symptoms.
315:
Avian flu viruses, both HPAI and LPAI, can infect humans who are in close, unprotected contact with infected poultry. Incidents of cross-species transmission are rare, with symptoms ranging in severity from no symptoms or mild illness, to severe disease that resulted in death. As of
February, 2024
247:
In mammals, including humans, A/H5N1 influenza (whether LPAI or HPAI) is rare. Symptoms of infection vary from mild to severe, including fever, diarrhoea, and cough. Human infections with A/H5N1 virus have been reported in 23 countries since 1997, resulting in severe pneumonia and death in about 50%
5319:
Avian influenza is still primarily a respiratory infection but involves more of the lower airways than human influenza typically does. This is likely due to differences in the hemagglutinin protein and the types of sialic acid residues to which the protein binds. Avian viruses tend to prefer sialic
231:
A/H5N1 virus is shed in the saliva, mucus, and feces of infected birds; other infected animals may shed bird flu viruses in respiratory secretions and other body fluids (such as milk). The virus can spread rapidly through poultry flocks and among wild birds. An estimated half a billion farmed birds
4146:
In
October 2022 an outbreak of H5N1 on a Spanish mink farm showed evidence of being the first recorded case of mammal-to-mammal transmission, with 4 percent of the farm's mink population dying from H5N1-related haemorrhagic pneumonia. This coincided with H5N1 detections in the area among gulls and
274:
threat. Domestic poultry may potentially be protected from specific strains of the virus by vaccination. In the event of a serious outbreak of H5N1 flu among humans, health agencies have prepared "candidate" vaccines that may be used to prevent infection and control the outbreak; however, it could
299:
of a large variety of influenza A viruses, which they can spread over large distances in their annual migration. Symptoms of avian influenza vary according to both the strain of virus underlying the infection, and on the species of bird affected. Symptoms of influenza in birds may include swollen
235:
Symptoms of A/H5N1 influenza vary according to both the strain of virus underlying the infection and on the species of bird or mammal affected. Classification as either Low
Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) or High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is based on the severity of symptoms in domestic
4104:
for the first time, raising fears of imminent spread throughout the region, potentially leading to a "catastrophic breeding failure" among animals that had not previously been exposed to avian influenza viruses. The main virus involved in the global outbreak is classified as H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b,
339:
receptors, while the human influenza hemagglutinin prefers to bind to alpha-2,6 sialic acid receptors. This means that when the H5N1 strain infects humans, it will replicate in the lower respiratory tract (where alpha-2,3 sialic acid receptors are more plentiful in humans) and consequently cause
801:
In order to avoid infection, the general public are advised to avoid contact with sick birds or potentially contaminated material such as carcasses or feces. People working with birds, such as conservationists or poultry workers, are advised to wear appropriate personal protection equipment.
327:
In order to avoid infection, the general public are advised to avoid contact with sick birds or potentially contaminated material such as carcasses or feces. People working with birds, such as conservationists or poultry workers, are advised to wear appropriate personal protection equipment.
655:
in hosts who become infected with two different strains of influenza viruses at the same time. With reassortment between strains, an avian strain which does not affect humans may acquire characteristics from a different strain which enable it to infect and pass between humans - a
4225:
devoted to H5N1. The papers by
Fouchier and Kawaoka conclude that it is entirely possible that a natural chain of mutations could lead to an H5N1 virus acquiring the capability of airborne transmission between mammals, and that a H5N1 influenza pandemic would not be impossible.
256:
Some strains of A/H5N1 which are highly pathogenic to chickens have adapted to cause mild symptoms in ducks and geese, and are able to spread rapidly through bird migration. Mammal species that have been recorded with H5N1 infection include cows, seals, goats, and skunks.
554:
technologies can be adapted to a H5N1 strain causing the pandemic; in the event of an outbreak, the candidate vaccine would be rapidly tested for safety as well as efficacy against the zoonotic strain, and then authorised and distributed to vaccine manufacturers.
3858:
4099:
of a large variety of influenza A viruses, which can infect poultry, other bird species, mammals and humans if they come into close contact with infected feces or contaminated material, or by eating infected birds. In late 2023, H5N1 was discovered in the
4198:
in
Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who first presented his work to the public at an influenza conference in Malta in September 2011. Three mutations were introduced into the H5N1 virus genome, and the virus was then passed from the noses of infected
698:
with influenza control information and to inform vaccine development. Several millions of specimens are tested by the GISRS network annually through a network of laboratories in 127 countries. GISRS monitors avian, swine, and other potentially
4177:
of cats that lived on the affected dairy farms and were fed unpasteurised milk from symptomatic cows died within a few days from severe systemic influenza infection, raising significant concerns of cross-species mammal-to-mammal transmission.
8623:
A part of the
National Biological Information Infrastructure and partner of the NWHC, this agency collects and distributes news and information about wildlife diseases such as avian influenza and coordinates collaborative information sharing
7445:
630:
Since then, avian A/H5N1 bird flu has become widespread in wild birds worldwide, with numerous outbreaks among both domestic and wild birds. An estimated half a billion farmed birds have been slaughtered in efforts to contain the virus.
8194:
Herfst, S.; Schrauwen, E. J. A.; Linster, M.; Chutinimitkul, S.; De Wit, E.; Munster, V. J.; Sorrell, E. M.; Bestebroer, T. M.; Burke, D. F.; Smith, D. J.; Rimmelzwaan, G. F.; Osterhaus, A. D. M. E.; Fouchier, R. A. M. (2012).
5320:
acid alpha(2-3) galactose, which, in humans, is found in the terminal bronchi and alveoli. Conversely, human viruses prefer sialic acid alpha(2-6) galactose, which is found on epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract.
622:
Influenza A/H5N1 was first detected in 1959 after an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in
Scotland, which infected two flocks of chickens. The next detection, and the earliest infection of humans by H5N1, was an
3905:, 18 humans were infected and 6 died in the first known case of H5N1 infecting humans. Subsequently 1.3 million chickens were culled in the territory of Hong Kong. The government also suspended the import of chickens from
7781:
782:
infected animals and those nearby in an effort to rapidly contain, control and eradicate the disease. This is done together with movement restrictions, improved hygiene and biosecurity, and enhanced surveillance.
7808:
812:
have been affected by avian flu, generally due to eating birds which had been infected. There have been instances where transmission of the disease between mammals, including seals and cows, may have occurred.
228:(affecting animals of many species over a wide area). A/H5N1 virus can also infect mammals (including humans) that have been exposed to infected birds; in these cases, symptoms are frequently severe or fatal.
4053:
Significant outbreaks recorded in Japan, Hungary, Russia, United Kingdom, Pakistan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Ghana, Malaysia, Germany, Czech Republic, Togo, France and India.
7522:
7307:
790:
there have been very few instances of human-to-human transmission, and each outbreak has been limited to a few people. All subtypes of avian Influenza A have potential to cross the species barrier, with
316:
there have been very few instances of human-to-human transmission, and each outbreak has been limited to a few people. All subtypes of avian Influenza A have potential to cross the species barrier, with
7623:
7702:
Tian, Jingman; Bai, Xiaoli; Li, Minghui; Zeng, Xianying; Xu, Jia; Li, Peng; Wang, Miao; Song, Xingdong; Zhao, Zhiguo; Tian, Guobin; Liu, Liling; Guan, Yuntao; Li, Yanbing; Chen, Hualan (July 2023).
7645:
Tian, Jingman; Bai, Xiaoli; Li, Minghui; Zeng, Xianying; Xu, Jia; Li, Peng; Wang, Miao; Song, Xingdong; Zhao, Zhiguo; Tian, Guobin; Liu, Liling; Guan, Yuntao; Li, Yanbing; Chen, Hualan (July 2023).
7437:
7415:
7754:
4203:
to the noses of uninfected ones, which was repeated 10 times. After these 10 passages the H5N1 virus had acquired the ability of transmission between ferrets via aerosols or respiratory droplets.
8137:
6890:
8110:
4687:"Potential cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype (HPAI H5) viruses to humans calls for the development of H5-specific and universal influenza vaccines"
351:
has recorded 907 cases of confirmed H5N1 influenza, leading to 464 deaths. The true fatality rate may be lower because some cases with mild symptoms may not have been identified as H5N1.
252:
has recorded 907 cases of confirmed H5N1 influenza, leading to 464 deaths. The true fatality rate may be lower because some cases with mild symptoms may not have been identified as H5N1.
7257:
T. Tiensin; P. Chaitaweesub; T. Songserm; A. Chaisingh; W. Hoonsuwan; C. Buranathai; T. Parakamawongsa; S. Premashthira; A. Amonsin; M. Gilbert; M. Nielen; A. Stegeman (November 2005).
4105:
however genetic diversification with other clades such as 2.3.2.1c has seen the virus evolve in ability to cause significant outbreaks in a broader range of species including mammals.
8893:
8888:
8366:
Ainur NurpeisovaEmail authorMarkhabat KassenovNurkuisa RametovKaissar TabynovGourapura J. RenukaradhyaYevgeniy VolginAltynay SagymbayAmanzhol MakbuzAbylay SansyzbayBerik Khairullin
3966:
In January 2005 an outbreak of avian influenza affected thirty three out of sixty four cities and provinces in Vietnam, leading to the forced killing of nearly 1.2 million poultry.
8563:
5907:
7785:
8620:
5196:
The influenza virus HA binds to alpha 2–3 linked (avian viruses) or alpha 2–6 linked (human viruses) sialic acids presented by proteins or lipids on the host cell surface.
8392:
7812:
7596:
7561:
7216:
4334:
with prohibited goods or goods that require a special permit for import and export without which the carrier faces pecuniary punishment or up to 5 years' imprisonment.
4169:
pups in 2023 also raised concerns of mammal-to-mammal spread, as nursing pups would have had less exposure to birds. Between January and October 2023, at least 24,000
8318:
8067:
6227:
Charostad, Javad; Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, Mohammad; Mahmoudvand, Shahab; Bashash, Davood; Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad Ali; Nakhaie, Mohsen; Zandi, Keivan (September 2023).
6709:
8598:
8582:
7475:
4296:
7835:
7069:
Charostad, Javad; Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, Mohammad; Mahmoudvand, Shahab; Bashash, Davood; Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad Ali; Nakhaie, Mohsen; Zandi, Keivan (2023-09-01).
7530:
7311:
8263:
5874:
5806:
7619:
7407:
5954:
5399:
Payungporn S, Chutinimitkul S, Chaisingh A, Damrongwantanapokin S, Nuansrichay B, Pinyochon W, Amonsin A, Donis RO, Theamboonlers A, Poovorawan T (2006).
4889:
9048:
7758:
4173:
died from H5N1 flu, with the outbreak starting on the Pacific coast of Peru, moving down the coast to Chile and then up the Atlantic coast of Argentina.
8133:
6030:
Wu, Jie; Ke, Changwen; Lau, Eric H.Y.; Song, Yingchao; Cheng, Kit Ling; Zou, Lirong; Kang, Min; Song, Tie; Peiris, Malik; Yen, Hui-Ling (January 2019).
8529:
8513:
8045:
7159:
J.S. Peiris; W.C Yu; C.W. Leung; C.Y. Cheung; W.F. Ng; J.M. Nicholls; T.K. Ng; K.H. Chan; S.T. Lai; W.L. Lim; K.Y. Yuen; Y. Guan (February 21, 2004).
530:
the virus can evolve to acquire new characteristics, enabling it to evade host immunity and occasionally to jump from one species of host to another.
8481:
8409:
8100:
685:
9289:
6004:
409:
is the animal species the isolate was found in (note: human isolates lack this component term and are thus identified as human isolates by default)
6964:"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Animals: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations"
5259:
van Riel D, Munster VJ, de Wit E, Rimmelzwaan GF, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD, Kuiken T (2006). "H5N1 Virus Attachment to Lower Respiratory Tract".
5132:"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Animals: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations"
7013:
4213:
380:
which describes, among other things, the species of animal from which the virus was isolated, and the place and year of collection. For example,
7386:
7109:
7133:
4857:
4914:
9535:
663:
As of June 2024, there is concern about two subtypes of avian influenza which are circulating in wild bird populations worldwide, A/H5N1 and
8614:
8338:
3926:
By midyear of 2003 outbreaks of poultry disease caused by H5N1 occurred in Asia, but were not recognized as such. In December animals in a
4119:
of avian influenza led to the emergence of a H5N1 strain with a H5-2.3.4.4b gene. The virus then spread across Europe, detected there in
8560:
8414:
7239:
4935:
8608:
8464:
4835:
8446:
6380:
4393:
240:
and does not predict the severity of symptoms in other species. Chickens infected with LPAI A/H5N1 virus display mild symptoms or are
9338:
7438:"As bird flu continues to spread in the US and worldwide, what's the risk that it could start a human pandemic? 4 questions answered"
8611:– responsible agency for avian influenza in humans in US – Facts About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus
5899:
8631:
9563:
7982:"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024"
5842:
8403:
6683:
9573:
9444:
5387:
This Memorandum was drafted by the signatories listed on page 590 on the occasion of a meeting held in Geneva in February 1980.
4062:
Many more outbreaks are recorded, in almost every country in the world, affecting both wild birds and poultry, with occasional
41:
8253:
4165:, worried researchers regarding the possibility that wild mammal-to-mammal spread had begun. A similar mass die-off of 95% of
9449:
4455:
7588:
7553:
7208:
6608:
4660:
8455:
4230:
8473:
8172:
8077:
5332:
4586:
3855:
8985:
8697:
8659:
8579:
7860:
Plaza, Pablo I.; Gamarra-Toledo, Víctor; Rodríguez Euguí, Juan; Rosciano, Natalia; Lambertucci, Sergio A. (2024-05-01).
7467:
4360:
9016:
6743:
6032:"Influenza H5/H7 Virus Vaccination in Poultry and Reduction of Zoonotic Infections, Guangdong Province, China, 2017–18"
4483:
608:
421:
is the laboratory reference number that identifies it from other influenza viruses isolated at the same place and year
9188:
9183:
8990:
7332:
6693:
4141:
3919:
In 2003 the first cases in humans since 1997 were diagnosed. Three people in one family were infected after visiting
809:
672:
244:, whereas HPAI A/H5N1 causes serious breathing difficulties, a significant drop in egg production, and sudden death.
6915:
5083:
9540:
9526:
9296:
9251:
5208:
Shinya K, Ebina M, Yamada S, et al. (March 2006). "Avian flu: influenza virus receptors in the human airway".
4772:"Transatlantic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wild birds from Europe to North America in 2021"
8627:
5955:"Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza – Available vaccines and vaccination strategies"
4890:"Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza – Available vaccines and vaccination strategies"
3930:
zoo died after eating infected chicken carcasses. Later that month H5N1 infection was detected in 3 flocks in the
9276:
8883:
8878:
8873:
5979:
5929:
50:
4091:
subtype H5N1 have been occurring, with cases reported from every continent as of May 2024. Some species of wild
667:. Both of these have potential to devastate poultry stocks, and both have jumped to humans with relatively high
63:
9062:
8903:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
6635:"Recent Changes in Patterns of Mammal Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Worldwide"
795:
664:
321:
8425:
7862:"Pacific and Atlantic sea lion mortality caused by highly pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in South America"
8501:
8441:
3948:
surfaced in Vietnam and Thailand's poultry industry, and within weeks spread to ten countries and regions in
522:
in hosts infected with two different strains of influenza viruses at the same time. Through a combination of
300:
head, watery eyes, unresponsiveness, lack of coordination, respiratory distress such as sneezing or gurgling.
6963:
6526:
5637:
5131:
8037:
5838:
8478:
6939:
5107:
9077:
8995:
8980:
7071:"A comprehensive review of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1: An imminent threat at doorstep"
6229:"A comprehensive review of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1: An imminent threat at doorstep"
4543:. UK: Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and Animal and Plant Health Agency. 2022-12-13
4434:
4249:
4076:
3883:
595:. These drugs can reduce the severity of symptoms if taken soon after infection and can also be taken as
8397:
6162:
9462:
4301:
7861:
7379:"Highlights in the History of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Timeline – 2020-2023 | Avian Influenza (Flu)"
7116:
7070:
6840:
6478:
Kou Z, Lei FM, Yu J, Fan ZJ, Yin ZH, Jia CX, Xiong KJ, Sun YH, Zhang XW, Wu XM, Gao XB, Li TX (2005).
5589:
Kou Z, Lei FM, Yu J, Fan ZJ, Yin ZH, Jia CX, Xiong KJ, Sun YH, Zhang XW, Wu XM, Gao XB, Li TX (2005).
5033:
4746:"Highlights in the History of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Timeline – 2020-2024 | Avian Influenza (Flu)"
9423:
9038:
8525:
8387:
7704:"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Introduced by Wild Birds, China, 2021"
7647:"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Introduced by Wild Birds, China, 2021"
7378:
6569:
5681:
5548:
Márquez Domínguez L, Márquez Matla K, Reyes Leyva J, Vallejo Ruíz V, Santos López G (December 2023).
4745:
4368:
4108:
3852:
823:
695:
492:
485:
434:
348:
332:
249:
49:
Colorized transmission electron micrograph of Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses (seen in gold) grown in
7782:"Bird flu keeps spreading beyond birds. Scientists worry it signals a growing threat to humans, too"
7137:
8543:
8438:
Food and Agriculture Organisation – Bi-weekly Avian Influenza Maps – tracks animal cases and deaths
373:
8532:
generic contingency plan for controlling and eradicating an outbreak of an exotic animal disease.
8370:
Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Zhambyl Region, Republic of Kazakhstan
5474:
4561:
4221:
permit for submitting his manuscript, and his research appeared in a special issue of the journal
9380:
9266:
9236:
9231:
9125:
8930:
8652:
8547:
8509:
8363:
8362:
Analysis of the efficacy of an adjuvant-based inactivated pandemic H5N1 influenza virus vaccine.
5058:
4984:
4170:
711:
584:
7809:"Mass death of seals raises fears bird flu is jumping between mammals, threatening new pandemic"
9568:
9488:
9439:
9241:
9043:
9011:
8946:
8435:
6633:
Plaza, Pablo I.; Gamarra-Toledo, Víctor; Euguí, Juan Rodríguez; Lambertucci, Sergio A. (2024).
4244:
In response to Fouchier and Kawaoka's work, a number of scientists expressed concerns with the
4195:
4166:
574:
460:
7243:
4252:, a consensus statement calling for an assessment of the risks and benefits of such research.
9021:
6308:
6280:
4266:
4084:
3879:
3863:
648:
612:
596:
515:
190:
8461:
6405:
491:, with a segmented genome. Subtypes of IAV are defined by the combination of the antigenic
9031:
8589:
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): Implications for Human Disease – An overview of Avian Influenza
8208:
7038:
Kozlov M (June 2024). "Huge amounts of bird-flu virus found in raw milk of infected cows".
5217:
4783:
4281:
4096:
296:
285:
270:, and its significant ongoing mutations, the H5N1 virus is regarded as the world's largest
58:
17:
6759:
6584:
5401:"Discrimination between Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza A Viruses"
5303:
4427:"Prevention and Antiviral Treatment of Bird Flu Viruses in People | Avian Influenza (Flu)"
8:
9091:
8975:
8692:
8617:
National Wildlife Health Center – responsible agency for avian influenza in animals in US
7981:
7836:"Bird flu wipes out over 95% of southern elephant seal pups in 'catastrophic' mass death"
7497:"Bird flu (avian influenza): how to spot and report it in poultry or other captive birds"
6634:
4960:"Bird flu (avian influenza): how to spot and report it in poultry or other captive birds"
4836:"Bird flu is bad for poultry and cattle. Why it's not a dire threat for most of us — yet"
4537:"Bird flu (avian influenza): how to spot and report it in poultry or other captive birds"
4162:
4063:
474:
444:
8286:
8212:
8006:
7730:
7703:
7679:
7646:
7620:"H5N1 avian flu infects Colorado dairy cows as global experts weigh in on virus changes"
6988:
6659:
5695:
Shao, Wenhan; Li, Xinxin; Goraya, Mohsan Ullah; Wang, Song; Chen, Ji-Long (2017-08-07).
5221:
4787:
4719:
4686:
9223:
9165:
8912:
8682:
8645:
8229:
8196:
7501:
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and Animal and Plant Health Agency
7496:
7283:
7258:
7185:
7160:
6865:
6812:"Prevention and Control of H5 and H7 Avian Influenza in the Live Bird Marketing System"
6553:
6528:
6504:
6495:
6479:
6455:
6430:
6113:
6088:
6064:
6031:
5780:
5755:
5731:
5696:
5664:
5639:
5615:
5606:
5590:
5425:
5400:
5373:
5356:
5284:
5241:
5182:
5157:
5009:
4964:
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and Animal and Plant Health Agency
4959:
4812:
4771:
4642:
4536:
4245:
4206:
After Fouchier offered an article describing this work to the leading academic journal
4191:
668:
7408:"A global bird flu outbreak is now so bad, many countries are considering vaccination"
7176:
6204:
6187:
4511:
451:
Other examples include: A/duck/Hong Kong/308/78(H5N3), and A/shoveler/Egypt/03(H5N2).
9246:
9175:
8733:
8687:
8319:"Scientists Resume Efforts to Create Deadly Flu Virus, with US Government's Blessing"
8294:
8258:
8234:
8167:
8072:
8011:
7962:
7946:
7927:
7919:
7903:
7881:
7735:
7684:
7666:
7288:
7190:
7090:
7051:
6811:
6739:
6689:
6664:
6568:
Figure 1 shows a diagramatic representation of the genetic relatedness of Asian H5N1
6558:
6527:
The World Health Organization Global Influenza Program Surveillance Network. (2005).
6509:
6460:
6361:
6353:
6258:
6250:
6209:
6118:
6069:
6051:
5834:
5785:
5736:
5718:
5680:
Figure 1 shows a diagramatic representation of the genetic relatedness of Asian H5N1
5669:
5638:
The World Health Organization Global Influenza Program Surveillance Network. (2005).
5620:
5571:
5547:
5430:
5378:
5276:
5233:
5187:
4865:
4817:
4799:
4724:
4706:
4634:
4208:
4019:
3969:
In April 2005 there begins an unprecedented die-off of over 6,000 migratory birds at
3931:
562:
551:
267:
213:
160:
5288:
4646:
4614:
9388:
9333:
9323:
9261:
8925:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8728:
8604:
8224:
8216:
8001:
7993:
7954:
7911:
7873:
7725:
7715:
7674:
7658:
7278:
7270:
7180:
7172:
7082:
7043:
6787:
6654:
6646:
6548:
6540:
6499:
6491:
6480:"New Genotype of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses Isolated from Tree Sparrows in China"
6450:
6442:
6345:
6240:
6199:
6108:
6100:
6059:
6043:
5775:
5767:
5726:
5708:
5659:
5651:
5610:
5602:
5591:"New Genotype of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses Isolated from Tree Sparrows in China"
5561:
5420:
5412:
5398:
5368:
5268:
5245:
5225:
5177:
5169:
4807:
4791:
4714:
4698:
4626:
4291:
4217:
4116:
547:
400:
396:
392:
148:
5499:
5357:"A revision of the system of nomenclature for influenza viruses: a WHO Memorandum"
5059:"Reported Human Infections with Avian Influenza A Viruses | Avian Influenza (Flu)"
4426:
9361:
9345:
8586:
8567:
8485:
8468:
8429:
8343:
4306:
4261:
4088:
827:
639:
Influenza viruses have a relatively high mutation rate that is characteristic of
506:
Influenza viruses have a relatively high mutation rate that is characteristic of
341:
195:
136:
124:
112:
8339:"From anthrax to bird flu – the dangers of lax security in disease-control labs"
7877:
7349:
7256:
7086:
6245:
6228:
5566:
5549:
5524:
5449:"Influenza A Subtypes and the Species Affected | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC"
5448:
4248:
of creating novel potential pandemic pathogens, culminating in the formation of
9476:
9100:
8707:
8494:
8159:
7958:
7915:
7047:
6163:"Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) - Emergency Use Instructions (EUI) for Oseltamivir"
4795:
4702:
3906:
1169:
580:
500:
482:
465:
364:
264:
7068:
6226:
9557:
9511:
9393:
9256:
8298:
7923:
7885:
7670:
7308:"Thailand: Up to 100 Tigers in Sri Racha Zoo Now Affected by Avian Influenza"
7094:
6710:"70 years of GISRS – the Global Influenza Surveillance & Response System"
6357:
6254:
6055:
5861:
5722:
4869:
4803:
4710:
4630:
1184:
496:
100:
8220:
6309:"1960-1999 Highlights in the History of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Timeline"
6281:"1880-1959 Highlights in the History of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Timeline"
5272:
4131:. It continues to swap genes with local flu viruses as it travels the globe.
9403:
9026:
8702:
8238:
8015:
7997:
7966:
7931:
7739:
7720:
7688:
7662:
7292:
7274:
7194:
7055:
6668:
6650:
6562:
6544:
6513:
6464:
6365:
6262:
6213:
6122:
6104:
6073:
6047:
5789:
5740:
5673:
5655:
5624:
5575:
5434:
5416:
5280:
5237:
5191:
5158:"Novel insights into proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin"
4915:"Two possible bird flu vaccines could be available within weeks, if needed"
4821:
4728:
4638:
4151:
4112:
3973:
in central China over three months. Later in the year H5N1 was detected in
3970:
652:
527:
519:
241:
7859:
6334:"Outbreak of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in Hong Kong in 1997"
6136:
5382:
9520:
9408:
9135:
9130:
9118:
8920:
6446:
5713:
4271:
4238:
4155:
592:
336:
5900:"FDA Approves Seqirus' Audenz as Vaccine Against Potential Flu Pandemic"
5771:
9366:
9284:
9160:
9113:
9108:
8712:
7583:
7581:
7579:
5304:"Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
4276:
4154:
die-off in December 2022, with 700 infected seals found dead along the
4092:
3974:
884:
869:
292:
7947:"Bird flu virus has been spreading in US cows for months, RNA reveals"
7158:
9418:
9413:
9193:
9152:
9145:
9140:
8668:
6429:
Sanjuán R, Nebot MR, Chirico N, Mansky LM, Belshaw R (October 2010).
4101:
4005:
3902:
1019:
854:
691:
640:
624:
588:
507:
488:
310:
260:
225:
217:
88:
9482:
8601:
U.S. Agency for International Development – Avian Influenza Response
7576:
5980:"Making a Candidate Vaccine Virus (CVV) for a HPAI (Bird Flu) Virus"
5930:"Making a Candidate Vaccine Virus (CVV) for a HPAI (Bird Flu) Virus"
5229:
5173:
4770:
Caliendo, V.; Lewis, N. S.; Pohlmann, A.; et al. (2022-07-11).
9505:
8422:
8193:
7904:"Huge amounts of bird-flu virus found in raw milk of infected cows"
6632:
6349:
4311:
4159:
3978:
3927:
1139:
1109:
959:
899:
700:
657:
523:
481:
H5N1 is a subtype of Influenza A virus. Like all subtypes it is an
271:
221:
8383:– Database of influenza genomic sequences and related information.
7589:"Emergence and Evolution of H5N1 Bird Flu | Avian Influenza (Flu)"
7209:"Emergence and Evolution of H5N1 Bird Flu | Avian Influenza (Flu)"
4661:"Emergence and Evolution of H5N1 Bird Flu | Avian Influenza (Flu)"
263:
of HPAI A(H5N1), its worldwide presence, its increasingly diverse
224:(maintained in the population) in many bird populations, and also
9328:
8197:"Airborne Transmission of Influenza A/H5N1 Virus Between Ferrets"
8134:"Journal Publishes Details on Contagious Bird Flu Created in Lab"
7695:
7545:
6613:
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
6333:
5860:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4858:"Next pandemic likely to be caused by flu virus, scientists warn"
4115:(genetic "swapping") between these H5-2.3.4.4b viruses and other
4040:
3994:
3990:
1199:
1094:
1064:
974:
779:
237:
7337:
Indonesian pigs have avian flu virus; bird cases double in China
5258:
5156:
Bertram S, Glowacka I, Steffen I, et al. (September 2010).
4462:. Victoria, Australia: Department of Health & Human Services
4147:
other seabirds, which are the presumed source of the outbreak.
715:
The eight major flyways used by shorebirds (waders) on migration
690:
is a global network of laboratories that monitor the spread of
9198:
8592:
8323:
7554:"Avian Influenza Virus Is Adapting to Spread to Marine Mammals"
7523:"'Catastrophic': bird flu reaches Antarctic for the first time"
7436:
Worden-Sapper, Emma; Sawyer, Sara; Wu, Sharon (16 March 2023).
7014:"Study of H5N1 avian flu seal deaths reveals multiple lineages"
4234:
4200:
4124:
4120:
4027:
4023:
3998:
3986:
3982:
3920:
1154:
914:
778:
When an HPAI infection is detected in poultry, it is normal to
644:
511:
8364:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00705-019-04147-7
8254:"Scientists create bird flu that spreads easily among mammals"
8101:"Bird Flu Scientist has Applied for Permit to Export Research"
7980:
Burrough, Eric; Magstadt, Drew; Main, Rodger (29 April 2024).
7161:"Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease"
5697:"Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment"
4685:
Huang, Pan; Sun, Lujia; Li, Jinhao; et al. (2023-06-16).
4185:
9398:
7373:
7371:
6760:"Transmission of Bird Flu Viruses Between Animals and People"
6585:"Transmission of Bird Flu Viruses Between Animals and People"
4615:"Finding the real case-fatality rate of H5N1 avian influenza"
1124:
1079:
1004:
989:
944:
929:
75:
9471:
8637:
4769:
4752:. US: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024-04-22
4667:. US: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2023-06-06
4568:. US: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024-02-01
4518:. US: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022-06-14
4286:
4128:
4111:(HA) gene became prominent globally in 2018–2020. In 2020,
4036:
3949:
3945:
3895:
1049:
1034:
443:
stands for the first of several known types of the protein
433:
stands for the fifth of several known types of the protein
7368:
6891:"Reported Human Infections with Avian Influenza A Viruses"
5155:
4330:
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) lists
8555:
8551:
8537:
8533:
8105:
8029:
6428:
6381:"'Unprecedented': How bird flu became an animal pandemic"
6086:
4401:
4394:"'Unprecedented': How bird flu became an animal pandemic"
8380:
7259:"Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, Thailand, 2004"
4936:"Avian influenza (bird flu) | European Medicines Agency"
4297:
International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases
5554:
Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)
4237:, China, had created H5N1 strains which passed between
376:
of virus, researchers use the internationally accepted
232:
have been slaughtered in efforts to contain the virus.
8068:"Breaking News: NSABB Reverses Position on Flu Papers"
6685:
Historical Dictionary of the World Health Organization
9460:
8287:"Chinese Scientists Create New Mutant Bird-Flu Virus"
7435:
6870:
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
6764:
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
5984:
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
5934:
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
5756:"At the centre: influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins"
5753:
4608:
4606:
3898:
caused flu outbreaks in 1959 in Scotland in chickens.
8415:
WHO Collaborating Centres and Reference Laboratories
8131:
8098:
7979:
5207:
4989:
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB)
4229:
In May 2013, it was reported that scientists at the
4194:
strains of H5N1 were created by Ron Fouchier of the
4035:
February/March 2006 - A dead cat infected with the
3952:, including Indonesia, South Korea, Japan and China.
579:
In the event of an outbreak of human H5N1, the main
6529:"Evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Asia"
6087:Peteranderl C, Herold S, Schmoldt C (August 2016).
5640:"Evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Asia"
8514:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
8432:Information resources, animations, videos, photos
8038:"What Will the Next Influenza Pandemic Look Like?"
7240:"Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A(H5N1)"
6989:"Bird flu 'spills over' to otters and foxes in UK"
6093:Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
4603:
8580:Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy
7018:Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy
6733:
6188:"The treatment of influenza with antiviral drugs"
5754:Eisfeld AJ, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y (January 2015).
5295:
686:Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System
9555:
8059:
6422:
5694:
275:take several months to ramp up mass production.
7746:
6968:U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4214:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
4018:In the first two months of 2006 H5N1 spread to
477:", the protein depicted in this ribbon diagram.
359:
8526:Exotic Animal Disease Generic Contingency Plan
8065:
6866:"Avian Influenza A Virus Infections in Humans"
6845:An official website of the European Commission
5038:An official website of the European Commission
5010:"Avian Influenza A Virus Infections in Humans"
4484:"Avian influenza: guidance, data and analysis"
706:
382:A/chicken/Nakorn-Patom/Thailand/CU-K2/04(H5N1)
8653:
7800:
7701:
7644:
7305:
6940:"The next pandemic: H5N1 and H7N9 influenza?"
6520:
5108:"The next pandemic: H5N1 and H7N9 influenza?"
415:is the place this specific virus was isolated
8595:U.S. Government's avian flu information site
8417:Centers, names, locations, and phone numbers
5631:
5541:
5149:
4684:
4612:
703:influenza viruses as well as human viruses.
643:. The segmentation of the influenza A virus
550:of virus which is causing concern. Existing
248:of cases. Between 2003 and August 2024, the
7755:"How worried should we be about avian flu?"
7468:"Vaccine Makers Are Preparing for Bird Flu"
7201:
6792:WOAH - World Organisation for Animal Health
6477:
6080:
6029:
5701:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
5588:
5550:"Antiviral resistance in influenza viruses"
4613:Li FC, Choi BC, Sly T, Pak AW (June 2008).
4186:H5N1 transmission studies in ferrets (2011)
4107:H5N6 and H5N8 viruses with the H5-2.3.4.4b
533:
8660:
8646:
8609:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
7617:
7213:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
6895:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
6841:"Questions and Answers on Avian Influenza"
6589:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
6167:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
6005:"Bird flu vaccination policies by country"
5504:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5479:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5453:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5392:
5302:Bennett, Nicholas John (13 October 2021).
5063:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5034:"Questions and Answers on Avian Influenza"
5014:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1676:
1659:
1642:
1625:
1608:
1591:
1574:
1557:
1540:
1523:
1506:
1489:
1472:
1455:
1438:
1421:
1404:
1387:
1370:
1353:
1336:
1319:
1302:
40:
8632:Department of Health & Human Services
8228:
8005:
7944:
7773:
7729:
7719:
7678:
7552:Kerlin, Katherine E. (28 February 2024).
7282:
7184:
6734:Thompson, Des; Byrkjedal, Ingvar (2001).
6658:
6552:
6503:
6454:
6244:
6203:
6112:
6063:
5779:
5730:
5712:
5663:
5614:
5565:
5424:
5372:
5181:
4811:
4718:
8398:Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response
7101:
6572:genes from various isolates of the virus
5747:
5684:genes from various isolates of the virus
3944:In January 2004 a major new outbreak of
710:
675:and may be adapting to mammalian hosts.
464:
363:
8099:Nell Greenfieldboyce (April 24, 2012).
7806:
7465:
6835:
6833:
6816:United States Department of Agriculture
6681:
5301:
4135:
4004:H5N1 was found to be infecting pigs in
14:
9556:
8544:UK Influenza Pandemic Contingency Plan
8132:Nell Greenfieldboyce (June 21, 2012).
8035:
7901:
7897:
7895:
7866:Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
7779:
7551:
7520:
7075:Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
7037:
6782:
6780:
6233:Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
6185:
5841:(FDA). January 31, 2020. STN: 125692.
5829:
5827:
5801:
5799:
5201:
4361:"Influenza (Avian and other zoonotic)"
3923:province in mainland China and 2 died.
671:. A/H5N1 in particular has infected a
9487:
9486:
9450:US influenza statistics by flu season
8641:
8251:
7231:
6675:
6378:
6302:
6300:
6274:
6272:
5910:from the original on February 5, 2020
5897:
4855:
4740:
4738:
4506:
4504:
4478:
4476:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4391:
4387:
4385:
634:
427:represents the year of isolation 2004
372:To unambiguously describe a specific
278:
220:(flu), predominantly in birds. It is
8462:Official outbreak reports by country
8456:World Organisation for Animal Health
8393:WHO's Avian Flu Facts Sheet for 2006
8284:
7833:
7752:
7031:
6830:
6752:
6702:
6682:Lee, Kelley; Fang, Jennifer (2013).
6609:"Global AIV with Zoonotic Potential"
6471:
6372:
6331:
6192:Canadian Medical Association Journal
5466:
5252:
4231:Harbin Veterinary Research Institute
454:
8404:Avian Influenza Resources (updated)
7892:
7622:. University of Minnesota. CIDRAP.
7107:
6777:
6601:
6582:
6576:
6403:
6306:
6278:
6160:
5845:from the original on August 6, 2020
5824:
5796:
5582:
5522:
5497:
5472:
5441:
5026:
5007:
599:to decrease the risk of infection.
391:stands for the genus of influenza (
24:
9445:2017–2018 United States flu season
8266:from the original on June 23, 2012
8175:from the original on June 25, 2012
8140:from the original on June 22, 2012
8113:from the original on June 22, 2012
7780:Pelley, Lauren (2 February 2023).
7626:from the original on 28 April 2024
7618:Schnirring, Lisa (27 April 2024).
7564:from the original on 10 March 2024
7521:Weston, Phoebe (24 October 2023).
7306:Henry L Niman (October 22, 2004).
6496:10.1128/JVI.79.24.15460-15466.2005
6406:"H5N1 Bird Flu: Current Situation"
6297:
6269:
6089:"Human Influenza Virus Infections"
5607:10.1128/JVI.79.24.15460-15466.2005
5491:
4735:
4554:
4501:
4473:
4414:
4382:
609:Transmission and infection of H5N1
347:Between 2003 and August 2024, the
25:
9585:
9184:Live attenuated influenza vaccine
8621:Wildlife Disease Information Node
8474:Official outbreak reports by week
8458:– tracks animal cases and deaths
8410:National Influenza Pandemic Plans
8374:
8066:David Malakoff (March 30, 2012).
7834:Kwan, Jacklin (22 January 2024).
7811:. The i newspaper. Archived from
7807:Merrick, Jane (1 February 2023).
7599:from the original on 7 March 2024
7350:"German cat gets deadly bird flu"
7219:from the original on 7 March 2024
5875:"Vaccines for pandemic influenza"
5807:"Vaccines for pandemic influenza"
4142:List of mammals that can get H5N1
745: Mediterranean and Black Sea
368:Diagram of influenza nomenclature
9470:
8331:
8311:
8278:
8245:
8187:
8152:
8125:
8092:
8036:Harmon, Katherine (2011-09-19).
7973:
7945:Mallapaty, Smriti (2024-04-27).
7938:
7853:
7827:
7638:
7611:
7110:"H5N1 avian influenza: timeline"
6738:. Colin Baxter Photography Ltd.
6141:National Health Service (NHS) UK
5855:
5525:"Avian Influenza Type A Viruses"
4324:
4075:This section is an excerpt from
1192:
1177:
1162:
1147:
1132:
1117:
1102:
1087:
1072:
1057:
1042:
1027:
1012:
997:
982:
967:
952:
937:
922:
907:
892:
877:
862:
847:
798:considered the biggest threats.
324:considered the biggest threats.
284:This section is an excerpt from
62:
8506:EU response to Avian Influenza.
8449:Projects, Information resources
8447:FAO Socio-Economic impact of AI
8406:– tracks human cases and deaths
8136:. National Public Radio (NPR).
8048:from the original on 2012-03-02
7757:. The Telegraph. Archived from
7514:
7489:
7478:from the original on 2023-03-30
7459:
7448:from the original on 2023-03-30
7429:
7418:from the original on 2023-02-23
7400:
7389:from the original on 2023-02-25
7342:
7326:
7299:
7250:
7237:
7152:
7126:
7062:
7006:
6981:
6956:
6932:
6908:
6883:
6858:
6804:
6727:
6626:
6397:
6332:Chan, Paul K. S. (2002-05-01).
6325:
6220:
6179:
6154:
6129:
6023:
5997:
5972:
5947:
5922:
5891:
5867:
5688:
5516:
5349:
5333:"Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus"
5325:
5124:
5100:
5076:
5051:
5001:
4977:
4952:
4928:
4907:
4882:
4849:
4828:
4763:
4678:
4653:
4587:"Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus"
4057:
4008:, but without causing symptoms.
763: East Asia and Australasia
678:
602:
9564:Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
9497:Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
7753:Nuki, Paul (2 February 2023).
6379:Bourk, India (26 April 2024).
4579:
4529:
4448:
4392:Bourk, India (26 April 2024).
4353:
3894:A highly pathogenic strain of
259:Due to the high lethality and
206:Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
13:
1:
9574:Subtypes of Influenza A virus
9242:Russian flu (1889–1890)
8667:
8510:Avian influenza – Q & A's
8479:Chart of outbreaks by country
8252:Brown, Eryn (June 21, 2012).
7177:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15595-5
4341:
810:a wide range of other animals
378:Influenza virus nomenclature,
335:prefers to bind to alpha-2,3
8285:Keim, Brandon (2013-05-02).
7986:Emerging Infectious Diseases
7708:Emerging Infectious Diseases
7651:Emerging Infectious Diseases
6688:. Rowman & Littlefield.
6639:Emerging Infections Diseases
6533:Emerging Infectious Diseases
6338:Clinical Infectious Diseases
6036:Emerging Infectious Diseases
5898:Keown A (February 4, 2020).
5839:Food and Drug Administration
5760:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
5644:Emerging Infectious Diseases
5500:"Types of Influenza Viruses"
5405:Emerging Infectious Diseases
4619:J Epidemiol Community Health
4456:"Bird flu (avian influenza)"
4346:
4069:
4039:bird flu virus was found in
3888:
3873:
816:
757: Central Asia and India
694:with the aim to provide the
568:
360:Influenza virus nomenclature
27:Subtype of influenza A virus
7:
8381:Influenza Research Database
7878:10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102712
7087:10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102638
6246:10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102638
5162:Reviews in Medical Virology
5136:Centers for Disease Control
4856:McKie, Robin (2024-04-20).
4435:Centers for Disease Control
4255:
4250:the Cambridge Working Group
4180:
707:Transmission and prevention
354:
10:
9590:
9017:Transmission and infection
8634:'s Pandemic Influenza Plan
8423:FAO Avian Influenza portal
8355:
7959:10.1038/d41586-024-01256-5
7916:10.1038/d41586-024-01624-1
7902:Kozlov, Max (2024-06-05).
7784:. CBC News. Archived from
7048:10.1038/d41586-024-01624-1
6944:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
6410:Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
6313:Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
6285:Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
5529:Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
5475:"Influenza Type A Viruses"
5112:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
4796:10.1038/s41598-022-13447-z
4703:10.1038/s41421-023-00571-x
4562:"Influenza Type A Viruses"
4512:"Avian Influenza in Birds"
4302:National Influenza Centers
4139:
4074:
3877:
822:Confirmed human cases and
751: West Asia and Africa
617:
606:
572:
538:
510:. The segmentation of its
458:
308:
283:
9495:
9432:
9379:
9354:
9316:
9309:
9297:Central Luzon H5N6 (2017)
9275:
9237:Influenza pandemic (1557)
9232:Influenza pandemic (1510)
9222:
9211:
9174:
9099:
9090:
9070:
9061:
9004:
8968:
8959:
8939:
8911:
8902:
8757:
8721:
8675:
8442:FAO Bird Flu disease card
8400:Guide to WHO's H5N1 pages
8388:World Health Organization
6920:Wordl Health Organization
6714:World Health Organization
6344:(Supplement_2): S58–S64.
5879:European Medicines Agency
5811:European Medicines Agency
5567:10.14715/cmb/2023.69.13.3
5088:Wordl Health Organization
4369:World Health Organization
4066:events infecting humans.
4030:in wild bird populations.
3853:World Health Organization
3611:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3559:
3521:
3472:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3412:
3401:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3218:
3205:
3203:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2741:
2640:
2638:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2424:
2422:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2300:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2169:
2147:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1899:
1897:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1857:
1828:
1826:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
696:World Health Organization
349:World Health Organization
304:
286:Influenza A virus § Birds
250:World Health Organization
187:
182:
57:
48:
39:
32:
9339:2007 Australian outbreak
7108:WHO (October 28, 2005).
4631:10.1136/jech.2007.064030
4317:
4171:South American sea lions
3856:Global Influenza Program
3846:Updated 1 September 2024
585:neuraminidase inhibitors
534:Prevention and treatment
9126:Neuraminidase inhibitor
8561:UK Department of Health
8550:– a government entity.
8548:National Health Service
8221:10.1126/science.1213362
5361:Bull World Health Organ
5273:10.1126/science.1125548
4460:betterhealth.vic.gov.au
4077:2020–2024 H5N1 outbreak
4047:
4012:
3960:
3938:
3913:
3884:2020–2024 H5N1 outbreak
3859:Cumulative Cases Report
9527:Influenza A virus H5N1
9440:Influenza-like illness
9109:Adamantane derivatives
7998:10.3201/eid3007.240508
7721:10.3201/eid2907.221149
7663:10.3201/eid2907.221149
7339:published May 27, 2005
7275:10.3201/eid1111.050608
6651:10.3201/eid3003.231098
6545:10.3201/eid1110.050644
6431:"Viral mutation rates"
6186:Stiver, Grant (2003).
6105:10.1055/s-0036-1584801
6048:10.3201/eid2501.181259
5656:10.3201/eid1110.050644
5417:10.3201/eid1204.051427
4917:. NBC News. 2024-05-01
4838:. NBC News. 2024-05-02
4196:Erasmus Medical Center
4167:southern elephant seal
4158:coastline of Russia's
4123:, before spreading to
765:
575:Treatment of influenza
478:
461:H5N1 genetic structure
369:
212:) is a subtype of the
9290:1989–1990 UK outbreak
9252:Asian flu (1957-1958)
7466:Docter-Loeb, Hannah.
7122:on November 29, 2005.
4267:Avian influenza virus
4097:asymptomatic carriers
3880:Global spread of H5N1
714:
673:wide range of mammals
649:genetic recombination
613:Global spread of H5N1
607:Further information:
593:oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
516:genetic recombination
468:
413:Nakorn-Patom/Thailand
367:
309:Further information:
297:asymptomatic carriers
291:Some species of wild
191:Goose Guangdong virus
9257:Hong Kong flu (1968)
9049:Pandemic preparation
6916:"Zoonotic influenza"
6447:10.1128/JVI.00694-10
6216:– via Pub Med.
5714:10.3390/ijms18081650
5367:(4): 585–591. 1980.
5084:"Zoonotic influenza"
4282:H5N1 clinical trials
4136:Mammalian infections
473:in H5N1 stands for "
331:The avian influenza
59:Virus classification
8213:2012Sci...336.1534H
8207:(6088): 1534–1541.
8042:Scientific American
7472:Scientific American
7356:. February 28, 2006
6716:. 19 September 2022
6490:(24): 15460–15466.
6435:Journal of Virology
5772:10.1038/nrmicro3367
5601:(24): 15460–15466.
5222:2006Natur.440..435S
4788:2022NatSR..1211729C
3956:for H5N1 influenza.
1216:
739: East Atlantic
733: West Atlantic
669:case fatality rates
589:zanamivir (Relenza)
162:Alphainfluenzavirus
9247:Spanish flu (1918)
9166:Baloxavir marboxil
8991:West Bengal (2008)
8926:1977 (Russian flu)
8921:1918 (Spanish flu)
8585:2013-06-17 at the
8566:2009-07-09 at the
8484:2012-04-19 at the
8467:2012-12-13 at the
8428:2012-01-26 at the
7815:on 3 February 2023
7788:on 2 February 2023
7761:on 2 February 2023
7533:on 29 October 2023
7246:on April 23, 2006.
7140:on October 7, 2008
6583:CDC (2024-05-15).
6404:CDC (2024-07-05).
6307:CDC (2024-06-10).
6279:CDC (2024-06-10).
6161:CDC (2024-07-29).
6011:. 17 February 2023
5523:CDC (2024-06-11).
5498:CDC (2023-03-30).
5473:CDC (2024-02-01).
5308:Medscape Reference
5008:CDC (2024-05-30).
4776:Scientific Reports
1215:
766:
635:Pandemic potential
479:
370:
279:Signs and symptoms
9551:
9550:
9489:Taxon identifiers
9458:
9457:
9375:
9374:
9305:
9304:
9285:Fujian flu (H3N2)
9207:
9206:
9086:
9085:
9057:
9056:
9012:Genetic structure
8955:
8954:
8759:Influenza A virus
8698:Genome sequencing
8259:Los Angeles Times
8171:. June 21, 2012.
7314:on April 22, 2009
6788:"Avian Influenza"
6539:(10): 1515–1521.
5650:(10): 1515–1521.
5216:(7083): 435–436.
3932:Republic of Korea
3866:
3842:
3841:
1212:
1211:
727: Mississippi
565:influenza virus.
552:influenza vaccine
455:Genetic structure
214:influenza A virus
203:
202:
175:Influenza A virus
34:Influenza A virus
16:(Redirected from
9581:
9544:
9543:
9531:
9530:
9529:
9516:
9515:
9514:
9484:
9483:
9475:
9474:
9466:
9389:Acute bronchitis
9314:
9313:
9267:Swine flu (2009)
9262:1977 Russian flu
9220:
9219:
9156:
9097:
9096:
9068:
9067:
8966:
8965:
8931:2009 (Swine flu)
8909:
8908:
8729:Orthomyxoviridae
8662:
8655:
8648:
8639:
8638:
8503:Health-EU Portal
8349:
8348:
8335:
8329:
8328:
8315:
8309:
8308:
8306:
8305:
8282:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8232:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8164:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8145:
8129:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8118:
8096:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8080:on June 30, 2012
8076:. Archived from
8063:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8033:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8009:
7992:(7): 1335–1343.
7977:
7971:
7970:
7942:
7936:
7935:
7899:
7890:
7889:
7857:
7851:
7850:
7848:
7846:
7831:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7820:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7793:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7750:
7744:
7743:
7733:
7723:
7699:
7693:
7692:
7682:
7657:(7): 1367–1375.
7642:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7631:
7615:
7609:
7608:
7606:
7604:
7585:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7529:. Archived from
7518:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7493:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7453:
7442:The Conversation
7433:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7404:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7375:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7346:
7340:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7310:. Archived from
7303:
7297:
7296:
7286:
7263:Emerg Infect Dis
7254:
7248:
7247:
7242:. Archived from
7235:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7205:
7199:
7198:
7188:
7156:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7136:. Archived from
7130:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7115:. Archived from
7114:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7066:
7060:
7059:
7035:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6960:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6926:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6837:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6808:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6784:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6731:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6706:
6700:
6699:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6662:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6580:
6574:
6566:
6556:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6507:
6475:
6469:
6468:
6458:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6304:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6276:
6267:
6266:
6248:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6207:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6116:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6067:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5831:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5803:
5794:
5793:
5783:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5734:
5716:
5692:
5686:
5677:
5667:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5618:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5569:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5428:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5376:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5185:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4815:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4742:
4733:
4732:
4722:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4610:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4480:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4423:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4389:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:. 3 October 2023
4357:
4335:
4328:
4292:Influenzavirus A
4218:Dutch government
3867:
3862:
3847:
1678:
1661:
1644:
1627:
1610:
1593:
1576:
1559:
1542:
1525:
1508:
1491:
1474:
1457:
1440:
1423:
1406:
1389:
1372:
1355:
1338:
1321:
1304:
1217:
1214:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1002:
1001:
1000:
987:
986:
985:
972:
971:
970:
957:
956:
955:
942:
941:
940:
927:
926:
925:
912:
911:
910:
897:
896:
895:
882:
881:
880:
867:
866:
865:
852:
851:
850:
838:
837:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
583:recommended are
499:proteins in the
183:Notable strains
150:Orthomyxoviridae
67:
66:
53:(seen in green)
44:
30:
29:
21:
9589:
9588:
9584:
9583:
9582:
9580:
9579:
9578:
9554:
9553:
9552:
9547:
9539:
9534:
9525:
9524:
9519:
9510:
9509:
9504:
9491:
9481:
9469:
9461:
9459:
9454:
9428:
9371:
9350:
9301:
9271:
9216:
9214:
9203:
9170:
9154:
9101:Antiviral drugs
9082:
9053:
9039:Human mortality
9032:clinical trials
9000:
8951:
8935:
8898:
8762:
8760:
8753:
8717:
8671:
8666:
8593:PandemicFlu.Gov
8587:Wayback Machine
8568:Wayback Machine
8512:factsheet from
8486:Wayback Machine
8469:Wayback Machine
8430:Wayback Machine
8377:
8372:
8358:
8353:
8352:
8347:. 18 July 2014.
8344:TheGuardian.com
8337:
8336:
8332:
8317:
8316:
8312:
8303:
8301:
8283:
8279:
8269:
8267:
8250:
8246:
8192:
8188:
8178:
8176:
8163:(Special Issue)
8162:
8158:
8157:
8153:
8143:
8141:
8130:
8126:
8116:
8114:
8097:
8093:
8083:
8081:
8073:Science Insider
8064:
8060:
8051:
8049:
8034:
8030:
8020:
8018:
7978:
7974:
7943:
7939:
7900:
7893:
7858:
7854:
7844:
7842:
7840:livescience.com
7832:
7828:
7818:
7816:
7805:
7801:
7791:
7789:
7778:
7774:
7764:
7762:
7751:
7747:
7700:
7696:
7643:
7639:
7629:
7627:
7616:
7612:
7602:
7600:
7595:. 6 June 2023.
7587:
7586:
7577:
7567:
7565:
7550:
7546:
7536:
7534:
7519:
7515:
7506:
7504:
7495:
7494:
7490:
7481:
7479:
7464:
7460:
7451:
7449:
7434:
7430:
7421:
7419:
7406:
7405:
7401:
7392:
7390:
7377:
7376:
7369:
7359:
7357:
7348:
7347:
7343:
7331:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7304:
7300:
7269:(11): 1664–72.
7255:
7251:
7236:
7232:
7222:
7220:
7215:. 6 June 2023.
7207:
7206:
7202:
7171:(9409): 617–9.
7157:
7153:
7143:
7141:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7119:
7112:
7106:
7102:
7067:
7063:
7036:
7032:
7023:
7021:
7012:
7011:
7007:
6998:
6996:
6987:
6986:
6982:
6973:
6971:
6962:
6961:
6957:
6948:
6946:
6938:
6937:
6933:
6924:
6922:
6914:
6913:
6909:
6900:
6898:
6889:
6888:
6884:
6875:
6873:
6864:
6863:
6859:
6850:
6848:
6839:
6838:
6831:
6821:
6819:
6810:
6809:
6805:
6796:
6794:
6786:
6785:
6778:
6769:
6767:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6746:
6732:
6728:
6719:
6717:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6696:
6680:
6676:
6631:
6627:
6618:
6616:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6593:
6591:
6581:
6577:
6525:
6521:
6476:
6472:
6441:(19): 9733–48.
6427:
6423:
6414:
6412:
6402:
6398:
6389:
6387:
6377:
6373:
6330:
6326:
6317:
6315:
6305:
6298:
6289:
6287:
6277:
6270:
6225:
6221:
6184:
6180:
6171:
6169:
6159:
6155:
6146:
6144:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6085:
6081:
6028:
6024:
6014:
6012:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5989:
5987:
5978:
5977:
5973:
5964:
5962:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5939:
5937:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5913:
5911:
5896:
5892:
5883:
5881:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5856:
5848:
5846:
5833:
5832:
5825:
5815:
5813:
5805:
5804:
5797:
5752:
5748:
5693:
5689:
5678:
5636:
5632:
5587:
5583:
5546:
5542:
5533:
5531:
5521:
5517:
5508:
5506:
5496:
5492:
5483:
5481:
5471:
5467:
5458:
5456:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5397:
5393:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5341:
5339:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5312:
5310:
5300:
5296:
5257:
5253:
5230:10.1038/440435a
5206:
5202:
5174:10.1002/rmv.657
5154:
5150:
5141:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5116:
5114:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5092:
5090:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5068:
5066:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5043:
5041:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5018:
5016:
5006:
5002:
4993:
4991:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4969:
4967:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4944:
4942:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4920:
4918:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4899:
4897:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4874:
4872:
4854:
4850:
4841:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4768:
4764:
4755:
4753:
4744:
4743:
4736:
4683:
4679:
4670:
4668:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4611:
4604:
4595:
4593:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4571:
4569:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4546:
4544:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4521:
4519:
4510:
4509:
4502:
4493:
4491:
4482:
4481:
4474:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4440:
4438:
4425:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4404:
4390:
4383:
4374:
4372:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4332:strategic goods
4329:
4325:
4320:
4307:Swine influenza
4262:Antigenic shift
4258:
4188:
4183:
4144:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4095:act as natural
4089:avian influenza
4080:
4072:
4060:
4050:
4015:
3963:
3941:
3916:
3891:
3886:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3864:edit this table
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1193:
1191:
1178:
1176:
1163:
1161:
1148:
1146:
1133:
1131:
1118:
1116:
1103:
1101:
1088:
1086:
1073:
1071:
1058:
1056:
1043:
1041:
1028:
1026:
1013:
1011:
998:
996:
983:
981:
968:
966:
953:
951:
938:
936:
923:
921:
908:
906:
893:
891:
878:
876:
863:
861:
848:
846:
836:
828:avian influenza
819:
764:
760:
758:
754:
752:
748:
746:
742:
740:
736:
734:
730:
728:
724:
722:
718:
716:
709:
681:
637:
620:
615:
605:
581:antiviral drugs
577:
571:
541:
536:
463:
457:
362:
357:
342:viral pneumonia
313:
307:
302:
301:
295:act as natural
289:
281:
216:, which causes
196:A/Fujian (H5N1)
178:
138:Articulavirales
126:Insthoviricetes
114:Negarnaviricota
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9587:
9577:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9549:
9548:
9546:
9545:
9532:
9517:
9501:
9499:
9493:
9492:
9480:
9479:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9436:
9434:
9433:Related topics
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9385:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9364:
9358:
9356:
9352:
9351:
9349:
9348:
9343:
9342:
9341:
9331:
9326:
9320:
9318:
9311:
9307:
9306:
9303:
9302:
9300:
9299:
9294:
9293:
9292:
9281:
9279:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9228:
9226:
9217:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9205:
9204:
9202:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9180:
9178:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9155:(experimental)
9150:
9149:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9123:
9122:
9121:
9116:
9105:
9103:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9080:
9074:
9072:
9065:
9059:
9058:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9008:
9006:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8998:
8996:2020s outbreak
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8976:Croatia (2005)
8972:
8970:
8963:
8957:
8956:
8953:
8952:
8950:
8949:
8943:
8941:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8917:
8915:
8906:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8765:
8763:
8758:
8755:
8754:
8752:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8725:
8723:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8715:
8710:
8708:Superinfection
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8679:
8677:
8676:General topics
8673:
8672:
8665:
8664:
8657:
8650:
8642:
8636:
8635:
8625:
8618:
8612:
8602:
8596:
8590:
8576:
8575:
8571:
8570:
8558:
8541:
8522:
8521:
8520:United Kingdom
8517:
8516:
8507:
8498:
8497:
8495:European Union
8491:
8490:
8489:
8488:
8476:
8471:
8452:
8451:
8450:
8444:
8439:
8420:
8419:
8418:
8412:
8407:
8401:
8395:
8384:
8376:
8375:External links
8373:
8368:
8367:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8330:
8310:
8277:
8244:
8186:
8151:
8124:
8091:
8058:
8028:
7972:
7937:
7891:
7852:
7826:
7799:
7772:
7745:
7714:(7): 1367–75.
7694:
7637:
7610:
7575:
7544:
7513:
7488:
7458:
7428:
7414:. 2023-02-16.
7399:
7385:. 2023-02-24.
7367:
7341:
7325:
7298:
7249:
7230:
7200:
7151:
7125:
7100:
7061:
7030:
7005:
6980:
6955:
6931:
6907:
6882:
6857:
6847:. 11 June 2024
6829:
6803:
6776:
6751:
6745:978-1841070759
6744:
6726:
6701:
6694:
6674:
6645:(3): 444–452.
6625:
6615:. 29 July 2020
6600:
6575:
6519:
6470:
6421:
6396:
6371:
6350:10.1086/338820
6324:
6296:
6268:
6219:
6178:
6153:
6128:
6099:(4): 487–500.
6079:
6042:(1): 116–118.
6022:
5996:
5971:
5959:efsa.europa.eu
5946:
5921:
5890:
5866:
5823:
5795:
5746:
5687:
5630:
5581:
5540:
5515:
5490:
5465:
5440:
5411:(4): 700–701.
5391:
5348:
5324:
5294:
5251:
5200:
5168:(5): 298–310.
5148:
5123:
5099:
5075:
5050:
5040:. 11 June 2024
5025:
5000:
4976:
4951:
4927:
4906:
4894:efsa.europa.eu
4881:
4848:
4827:
4762:
4734:
4691:Cell Discovery
4677:
4652:
4602:
4578:
4553:
4528:
4500:
4472:
4447:
4413:
4381:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4140:Main article:
4137:
4134:
4081:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4032:
4031:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4002:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3924:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:mainland China
3899:
3890:
3887:
3875:
3872:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1188:
1187:
1173:
1172:
1170:United Kingdom
1158:
1157:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1127:
1113:
1112:
1098:
1097:
1083:
1082:
1068:
1067:
1053:
1052:
1038:
1037:
1023:
1022:
1008:
1007:
993:
992:
978:
977:
963:
962:
948:
947:
933:
932:
918:
917:
903:
902:
888:
887:
873:
872:
858:
857:
843:
842:
824:mortality rate
820:
818:
815:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
708:
705:
680:
677:
636:
633:
619:
616:
604:
601:
573:Main article:
570:
567:
540:
537:
535:
532:
501:viral envelope
486:negative-sense
459:Main article:
456:
453:
449:
448:
438:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
361:
358:
356:
353:
306:
303:
290:
282:
280:
277:
201:
200:
199:
198:
193:
185:
184:
180:
179:
172:
170:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
146:
142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
122:
118:
117:
110:
106:
105:
98:
94:
93:
86:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9586:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9569:Bird diseases
9567:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9542:
9537:
9533:
9528:
9522:
9518:
9513:
9507:
9503:
9502:
9500:
9498:
9494:
9490:
9485:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9467:
9464:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9431:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9394:Bronchiolitis
9392:
9390:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9382:
9381:Complications
9378:
9368:
9367:Fujian (H5N1)
9365:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9353:
9347:
9344:
9340:
9337:
9336:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9321:
9319:
9315:
9312:
9308:
9298:
9295:
9291:
9288:
9287:
9286:
9283:
9282:
9280:
9278:
9274:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9229:
9227:
9225:
9221:
9218:
9213:Pandemics and
9210:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9177:
9173:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9151:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9128:
9127:
9124:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9111:
9110:
9107:
9106:
9104:
9102:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9089:
9079:
9076:
9075:
9073:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9060:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9044:Social impact
9042:
9040:
9037:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9022:Global spread
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9003:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8973:
8971:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8958:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8942:
8938:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8918:
8916:
8914:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8901:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8756:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8720:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8674:
8670:
8663:
8658:
8656:
8651:
8649:
8644:
8643:
8640:
8633:
8629:
8626:
8622:
8619:
8616:
8613:
8610:
8606:
8603:
8600:
8597:
8594:
8591:
8588:
8584:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8574:United States
8573:
8572:
8569:
8565:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8542:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8519:
8518:
8515:
8511:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8500:
8499:
8496:
8493:
8492:
8487:
8483:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8466:
8463:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8453:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8437:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8424:
8421:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8405:
8402:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8389:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8378:
8371:
8365:
8361:
8360:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8334:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8314:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8281:
8265:
8261:
8260:
8255:
8248:
8240:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8222:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8198:
8190:
8174:
8170:
8169:
8161:
8155:
8139:
8135:
8128:
8112:
8108:
8107:
8102:
8095:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8062:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8032:
8017:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7976:
7968:
7964:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7941:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7898:
7896:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7856:
7841:
7837:
7830:
7814:
7810:
7803:
7787:
7783:
7776:
7760:
7756:
7749:
7741:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7713:
7709:
7705:
7698:
7690:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7641:
7625:
7621:
7614:
7598:
7594:
7590:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7563:
7559:
7555:
7548:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7517:
7502:
7498:
7492:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7462:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7432:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7403:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7374:
7372:
7355:
7351:
7345:
7338:
7334:
7329:
7313:
7309:
7302:
7294:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7253:
7245:
7241:
7234:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7204:
7196:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7155:
7139:
7135:
7129:
7118:
7111:
7104:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7065:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7034:
7019:
7015:
7009:
6994:
6990:
6984:
6969:
6965:
6959:
6945:
6941:
6935:
6921:
6917:
6911:
6896:
6892:
6886:
6871:
6867:
6861:
6846:
6842:
6836:
6834:
6818:. August 2020
6817:
6813:
6807:
6793:
6789:
6783:
6781:
6765:
6761:
6755:
6747:
6741:
6737:
6730:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6697:
6695:9780810878587
6691:
6687:
6686:
6678:
6670:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6629:
6614:
6610:
6604:
6590:
6586:
6579:
6573:
6571:
6570:hemagglutinin
6564:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6474:
6466:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6425:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6386:
6382:
6375:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6328:
6314:
6310:
6303:
6301:
6286:
6282:
6275:
6273:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6223:
6215:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6168:
6164:
6157:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6124:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6083:
6075:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6026:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5863:
5862:public domain
5844:
5840:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5800:
5791:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5750:
5742:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5685:
5683:
5682:hemagglutinin
5675:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5634:
5626:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5585:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5560:(13): 16–23.
5559:
5555:
5551:
5544:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5505:
5501:
5494:
5480:
5476:
5469:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5352:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5321:
5309:
5305:
5298:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5267:(5772): 399.
5266:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5152:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5015:
5011:
5004:
4990:
4986:
4980:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4941:
4940:ema.europa.eu
4937:
4931:
4916:
4910:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4837:
4831:
4823:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4766:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4609:
4607:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4388:
4386:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4352:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4109:hemagglutinin
4106:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4093:aquatic birds
4090:
4086:
4078:
4067:
4065:
4052:
4051:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3865:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1218:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:United States
1175:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1010:
1009:
1006:
995:
994:
991:
980:
979:
976:
965:
964:
961:
950:
949:
946:
935:
934:
931:
920:
919:
916:
905:
904:
901:
890:
889:
886:
875:
874:
871:
860:
859:
856:
845:
844:
840:
839:
835:
833:
829:
825:
814:
811:
807:
806:Other animals
803:
799:
797:
793:
788:
784:
781:
776:
772:
770:
721: Pacific
713:
704:
702:
697:
693:
689:
687:
676:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
632:
628:
626:
614:
610:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
576:
566:
564:
560:
556:
553:
549:
545:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
497:neuraminidase
494:
493:hemagglutinin
490:
487:
484:
476:
475:Neuraminidase
472:
467:
462:
452:
446:
445:neuraminidase
442:
439:
436:
435:hemagglutinin
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:
386:
385:
383:
379:
375:
366:
352:
350:
345:
343:
338:
334:
333:hemagglutinin
329:
325:
323:
319:
312:
298:
294:
293:aquatic birds
287:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
257:
253:
251:
245:
243:
239:
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:Orthornavirae
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:
31:
19:
9496:
9424:Strep throat
9404:Otitis media
8981:India (2006)
8960:
8803:
8703:Reassortment
8502:
8369:
8342:
8333:
8322:
8313:
8302:. Retrieved
8290:
8280:
8268:. Retrieved
8257:
8247:
8204:
8200:
8189:
8177:. Retrieved
8166:
8154:
8142:. Retrieved
8127:
8115:. Retrieved
8104:
8094:
8082:. Retrieved
8078:the original
8071:
8061:
8050:. Retrieved
8041:
8031:
8019:. Retrieved
7989:
7985:
7975:
7950:
7940:
7907:
7869:
7865:
7855:
7843:. Retrieved
7839:
7829:
7817:. Retrieved
7813:the original
7802:
7790:. Retrieved
7786:the original
7775:
7763:. Retrieved
7759:the original
7748:
7711:
7707:
7697:
7654:
7650:
7640:
7628:. Retrieved
7613:
7601:. Retrieved
7592:
7566:. Retrieved
7557:
7547:
7535:. Retrieved
7531:the original
7527:The Guardian
7526:
7516:
7505:. Retrieved
7503:. 2022-12-13
7500:
7491:
7480:. Retrieved
7471:
7461:
7450:. Retrieved
7441:
7431:
7420:. Retrieved
7411:
7402:
7391:. Retrieved
7382:
7358:. Retrieved
7353:
7344:
7336:
7328:
7318:February 19,
7316:. Retrieved
7312:the original
7301:
7266:
7262:
7252:
7244:the original
7233:
7221:. Retrieved
7212:
7203:
7168:
7164:
7154:
7142:. Retrieved
7138:the original
7128:
7117:the original
7103:
7078:
7074:
7064:
7039:
7033:
7022:. Retrieved
7020:. 2023-03-15
7017:
7008:
6997:. Retrieved
6995:. 2023-02-02
6992:
6983:
6972:. Retrieved
6970:. 2024-06-05
6967:
6958:
6947:. Retrieved
6943:
6934:
6923:. Retrieved
6919:
6910:
6899:. Retrieved
6897:. 2024-02-01
6894:
6885:
6874:. Retrieved
6872:. 2024-05-30
6869:
6860:
6849:. Retrieved
6844:
6820:. Retrieved
6815:
6806:
6795:. Retrieved
6791:
6768:. Retrieved
6766:. 2024-05-15
6763:
6754:
6735:
6729:
6718:. Retrieved
6713:
6704:
6684:
6677:
6642:
6638:
6628:
6617:. Retrieved
6612:
6603:
6592:. Retrieved
6588:
6578:
6567:
6536:
6532:
6522:
6487:
6483:
6473:
6438:
6434:
6424:
6413:. Retrieved
6409:
6399:
6388:. Retrieved
6384:
6374:
6341:
6337:
6327:
6316:. Retrieved
6312:
6288:. Retrieved
6284:
6236:
6232:
6222:
6198:(1): 49–57.
6195:
6191:
6181:
6170:. Retrieved
6166:
6156:
6145:. Retrieved
6143:. 2017-10-19
6140:
6131:
6096:
6092:
6082:
6039:
6035:
6025:
6013:. Retrieved
6008:
5999:
5988:. Retrieved
5986:. 2024-06-03
5983:
5974:
5963:. Retrieved
5961:. 2023-10-10
5958:
5949:
5938:. Retrieved
5936:. 2024-06-03
5933:
5924:
5912:. Retrieved
5903:
5893:
5882:. Retrieved
5878:
5869:
5847:. Retrieved
5814:. Retrieved
5810:
5766:(1): 28–41.
5763:
5759:
5749:
5704:
5700:
5690:
5679:
5647:
5643:
5633:
5598:
5594:
5584:
5557:
5553:
5543:
5532:. Retrieved
5528:
5518:
5507:. Retrieved
5503:
5493:
5482:. Retrieved
5478:
5468:
5457:. Retrieved
5455:. 2024-05-13
5452:
5443:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5386:
5364:
5360:
5351:
5340:. Retrieved
5336:
5327:
5318:
5311:. Retrieved
5307:
5297:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5195:
5165:
5161:
5151:
5140:. Retrieved
5138:. 2024-06-05
5135:
5126:
5115:. Retrieved
5111:
5102:
5091:. Retrieved
5087:
5078:
5067:. Retrieved
5065:. 2024-02-01
5062:
5053:
5042:. Retrieved
5037:
5028:
5017:. Retrieved
5013:
5003:
4992:. Retrieved
4988:
4979:
4968:. Retrieved
4966:. 2022-12-13
4963:
4954:
4943:. Retrieved
4939:
4930:
4919:. Retrieved
4909:
4898:. Retrieved
4896:. 2023-10-10
4893:
4884:
4873:. Retrieved
4862:The Observer
4861:
4851:
4840:. Retrieved
4830:
4782:(1): 11729.
4779:
4775:
4765:
4754:. Retrieved
4749:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4669:. Retrieved
4664:
4655:
4625:(6): 555–9.
4622:
4618:
4594:. Retrieved
4590:
4581:
4570:. Retrieved
4565:
4556:
4545:. Retrieved
4540:
4531:
4520:. Retrieved
4515:
4492:. Retrieved
4490:. 2021-11-18
4487:
4464:. Retrieved
4459:
4450:
4439:. Retrieved
4437:. 2024-04-19
4430:
4405:. Retrieved
4397:
4373:. Retrieved
4364:
4355:
4331:
4326:
4243:
4228:
4222:
4207:
4205:
4189:
4175:
4152:Caspian seal
4149:
4145:
4113:reassortment
4083:Since 2020,
4082:
4061:
4058:2008 to 2019
3971:Qinghai Lake
3901:In 1997, in
3869:
1206:
831:
821:
805:
804:
800:
791:
786:
785:
777:
773:
768:
767:
684:
682:
679:Surveillance
662:
653:reassortment
647:facilitates
638:
629:
621:
603:Epidemiology
578:
558:
557:
543:
542:
528:reassortment
526:and genetic
520:reassortment
514:facilitates
505:
480:
470:
450:
440:
430:
424:
418:
412:
406:
388:
381:
377:
371:
346:
330:
326:
317:
314:
258:
254:
246:
242:asymptomatic
234:
230:
209:
205:
204:
174:
173:
161:
149:
137:
125:
113:
101:
89:
82:
72:(unranked):
33:
9521:Wikispecies
9409:Pharyngitis
9355:Non-mammals
9136:Laninamivir
9131:Oseltamivir
9119:Rimantadine
8947:2009 A/H1N1
8749:Influenza D
8744:Influenza C
8739:Influenza B
8734:Influenza A
8615:USGS – NWHC
7819:15 February
7593:www.cdc.gov
7383:www.cdc.gov
6385:www.bbc.com
5914:February 5,
5849:February 5,
5707:(8): 1650.
5337:www.who.int
4985:"Avian flu"
4591:www.who.int
4272:Favipiravir
4239:guinea pigs
4156:Caspian Sea
834:) 2003–2024
651:by segment
641:RNA viruses
597:prophylaxis
563:recombinant
518:by segment
508:RNA viruses
337:sialic acid
9558:Categories
9161:Umifenovir
9153:Peramivir
9114:Amantadine
9092:Treatments
8713:Flu season
8554:hosted by
8536:hosted by
8304:2023-02-07
8052:2012-01-23
7872:: 102712.
7845:23 January
7792:5 February
7765:5 February
7537:30 October
7507:2024-05-06
7482:2023-03-30
7452:2023-03-30
7422:2023-02-24
7393:2023-02-24
7360:October 8,
7134:"香港禽流感大事记"
7081:: 102638.
7024:2024-06-13
6999:2024-06-11
6974:2024-06-13
6949:2024-06-16
6925:2024-06-16
6901:2024-06-11
6876:2024-06-11
6851:2024-06-11
6797:2024-06-10
6770:2024-06-10
6736:Shorebirds
6720:2024-06-13
6619:2024-06-24
6594:2024-06-10
6415:2024-07-08
6390:2024-05-08
6318:2024-07-08
6290:2024-07-08
6239:: 102638.
6172:2024-07-30
6147:2024-07-30
6137:"Bird flu"
5990:2024-06-15
5965:2024-05-09
5940:2024-06-22
5884:2024-06-15
5534:2024-06-17
5509:2024-06-17
5484:2024-05-03
5459:2024-06-17
5342:2024-05-28
5142:2024-06-13
5117:2024-06-16
5093:2024-06-16
5069:2024-06-11
5044:2024-06-11
5019:2024-06-11
4994:2024-06-25
4970:2024-05-06
4945:2024-05-09
4921:2024-05-09
4900:2024-05-09
4875:2024-05-09
4842:2024-05-09
4756:2024-05-08
4671:2024-05-03
4596:2024-05-28
4572:2024-05-03
4547:2024-05-06
4522:2024-05-06
4494:2024-05-09
4466:2024-05-09
4441:2024-05-08
4407:2024-05-08
4375:2024-05-06
4342:References
4277:Fujian flu
4192:contagious
3975:Kazakhstan
3878:See also:
885:Bangladesh
870:Azerbaijan
587:, such as
51:MDCK cells
9419:Sinusitis
9414:Pneumonia
9310:Non-human
9277:Epidemics
9224:Pandemics
9215:epidemics
9194:Pandemrix
9146:Zanamivir
9141:Peramivir
9078:2020–2022
9071:Outbreaks
8986:UK (2007)
8969:Outbreaks
8913:Pandemics
8693:Treatment
8669:Influenza
8299:1059-1028
7924:0028-0836
7886:1477-8939
7671:1080-6040
7095:1477-8939
6358:1537-6591
6255:1477-8939
6056:1080-6040
5723:1422-0067
4870:0029-7712
4804:2045-2322
4711:2056-5968
4697:(1): 58.
4347:Citations
4212:, the US
4102:Antarctic
4085:outbreaks
4070:2020–2024
4064:spillover
4006:Indonesia
3903:Hong Kong
3889:1959–1997
3874:Outbreaks
1020:Indonesia
855:Australia
817:Mortality
692:influenza
625:epizootic
569:Treatment
489:RNA virus
483:enveloped
311:Influenza
268:reservoir
261:virulence
226:panzootic
218:influenza
169:Species:
97:Kingdom:
90:Riboviria
9506:Wikidata
9176:Vaccines
8761:subtypes
8683:Research
8624:efforts.
8583:Archived
8564:Archived
8482:Archived
8465:Archived
8426:Archived
8270:June 23,
8264:Archived
8239:22723413
8179:June 23,
8173:Archived
8144:June 23,
8138:Archived
8117:June 23,
8111:Archived
8084:June 23,
8046:Archived
8021:30 April
8016:38683888
8007:11210653
7967:38678111
7932:38840011
7740:37347504
7731:10310395
7689:37347504
7680:10310395
7630:28 April
7624:Archived
7603:10 March
7597:Archived
7568:10 March
7562:Archived
7558:UC Davis
7476:Archived
7446:Archived
7416:Archived
7412:ABC News
7387:Archived
7354:BBC News
7335:article
7293:16318716
7223:10 March
7217:Archived
7195:14987888
7144:June 12,
7056:38840011
6993:BBC News
6669:38407173
6660:10902543
6563:16318689
6514:16306617
6484:J. Virol
6465:20660197
6366:11938498
6263:37652253
6214:12515786
6123:27486731
6074:30355435
5908:Archived
5904:BioSpace
5843:Archived
5835:"Audenz"
5790:25417656
5741:28783091
5674:16318689
5625:16306617
5595:J. Virol
5576:38158694
5435:16715581
5313:28 April
5289:33294327
5281:16556800
5238:16554799
5192:20629046
4822:35821511
4729:37328456
4720:10275984
4647:34200426
4639:18477756
4312:Zoonosis
4256:See also
4181:Research
4163:republic
4160:Dagestan
4022:, north
3979:Mongolia
3851:Source:
1140:Thailand
1110:Pakistan
960:Djibouti
900:Cambodia
841:Country
787:Humans -
701:zoonotic
658:zoonotic
524:mutation
355:Virology
272:pandemic
238:chickens
222:enzootic
145:Family:
109:Phylum:
9512:Q160122
9477:Viruses
9317:Mammals
9027:Vaccine
9005:Science
8940:Science
8722:Viruses
8688:Vaccine
8546:by the
8356:Sources
8230:4810786
8209:Bibcode
8201:Science
8168:Science
7284:3367332
7186:7112424
6822:15 June
6554:3366754
6505:1316012
6456:2937809
6114:7174870
6065:6302570
6015:30 July
6009:Reuters
5837:. U.S.
5816:30 July
5781:5619696
5732:5578040
5665:3366754
5616:1316012
5426:3294708
5383:6969132
5374:2395936
5261:Science
5246:9472264
5218:Bibcode
5183:7169116
4813:9276711
4784:Bibcode
4750:cdc.gov
4665:cdc.gov
4566:cdc.gov
4516:cdc.gov
4431:cdc.gov
4398:bbc.com
4365:who.int
4223:Science
4209:Science
4201:ferrets
4190:Novel,
4150:A mass
4117:strains
4041:Germany
3995:Croatia
3991:Romania
1200:Vietnam
1095:Nigeria
1065:Myanmar
975:Ecuador
688:(GISRS)
660:event.
618:History
559:Poultry
539:Vaccine
407:chicken
374:isolate
157:Genus:
133:Order:
121:Class:
9541:102793
9463:Portal
9334:Equine
9329:Feline
9324:Canine
9199:Audenz
9189:Brands
8324:Forbes
8297:
8237:
8227:
8160:"H5N1"
8014:
8004:
7965:
7951:Nature
7930:
7922:
7908:Nature
7884:
7738:
7728:
7687:
7677:
7669:
7333:CIDRAP
7291:
7281:
7193:
7183:
7165:Lancet
7093:
7054:
7040:Nature
6742:
6692:
6667:
6657:
6561:
6551:
6512:
6502:
6463:
6453:
6364:
6356:
6261:
6253:
6212:
6205:139319
6202:
6121:
6111:
6072:
6062:
6054:
5788:
5778:
5739:
5729:
5721:
5672:
5662:
5623:
5613:
5574:
5433:
5423:
5381:
5371:
5287:
5279:
5244:
5236:
5210:Nature
5190:
5180:
4868:
4820:
4810:
4802:
4727:
4717:
4709:
4645:
4637:
4541:gov.uk
4488:gov.uk
4433:. US:
4235:Harbin
4125:Africa
4121:autumn
4028:Europe
4026:, and
4024:Africa
3999:Kuwait
3987:Turkey
3983:Russia
3921:Fujian
3838:51.1%
3829:12.0%
3820:33.3%
3811:16.7%
3802:50.0%
3766:50.0%
3757:30.0%
3748:29.0%
3739:42.3%
3730:64.1%
3721:62.5%
3712:54.8%
3703:50.0%
3694:43.8%
3685:75.0%
3676:67.0%
3667:68.7%
3658:43.9%
3649:69.6%
3629:50.0%
3577:50.0%
3568:50.0%
3557:28.6%
3539:83.3%
3530:62.5%
3519:31.1%
3510:69.0%
3352:33.3%
3307:33.3%
3290:68.0%
3236:40.0%
3227:70.6%
3152:33.3%
3109:33.3%
2904:66.7%
2835:66.6%
2790:66.6%
2773:84.0%
2703:83.3%
2694:77.8%
2685:90.5%
2676:83.3%
2667:88.1%
2658:81.8%
2649:65.0%
2572:33.4%
2549:33.3%
2540:30.0%
2531:28.7%
2522:37.8%
2513:75.0%
2504:45.5%
2495:38.5%
2486:44.8%
2477:10.3%
2468:50.0%
2459:36.0%
2450:55.6%
2309:58.2%
2268:16.7%
2241:50.0%
2223:50.0%
2214:57.1%
2196:60.0%
2187:61.5%
2178:62.5%
2032:59.7%
2023:20.0%
2014:66.7%
1989:44.4%
1980:53.8%
1893:12.5%
1803:62.5%
1758:62.5%
1671:deaths
1654:deaths
1637:deaths
1620:deaths
1603:deaths
1586:deaths
1569:deaths
1552:deaths
1535:deaths
1518:deaths
1501:deaths
1484:deaths
1467:deaths
1450:deaths
1433:deaths
1416:deaths
1399:deaths
1382:deaths
1365:deaths
1348:deaths
1331:deaths
1314:deaths
1297:deaths
1286:Total
1198:
1183:
1168:
1155:Turkey
1153:
1138:
1123:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1063:
1048:
1033:
1018:
1003:
988:
973:
958:
943:
928:
915:Canada
913:
898:
883:
868:
853:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
665:A/H7N9
645:genome
548:strain
544:Humans
512:genome
305:Humans
210:A/H5N1
9399:Croup
9362:Avian
9346:Swine
8894:H11N9
8889:H11N2
8884:H10N8
8879:H10N7
8874:H10N3
8630:U.S.
8599:USAID
8530:DEFRA
8291:Wired
7238:WHO.
7120:(PDF)
7113:(PDF)
5285:S2CID
5242:S2CID
4643:S2CID
4318:Notes
4246:risks
4020:India
3784:100%
3640:100%
3620:100%
3586:100%
3548:100%
3501:100%
3245:100%
3090:100%
3047:100%
3028:100%
3009:100%
2854:100%
2750:100%
2739:100%
2730:100%
2721:100%
2712:100%
2634:100%
2619:100%
2289:100%
2250:100%
2232:100%
2205:100%
2167:100%
2094:100%
2063:100%
1971:100%
1962:100%
1953:100%
1926:100%
1917:100%
1908:100%
1855:100%
1666:cases
1649:cases
1632:cases
1615:cases
1598:cases
1581:cases
1564:cases
1547:cases
1530:cases
1513:cases
1496:cases
1479:cases
1462:cases
1445:cases
1428:cases
1411:cases
1394:cases
1377:cases
1360:cases
1343:cases
1326:cases
1309:cases
1292:cases
1283:2024
1280:2023
1277:2022
1274:2021
1271:2020
1268:2019
1265:2018
1262:2017
1259:2016
1256:2015
1253:2014
1250:2013
1247:2012
1244:2011
1241:2010
1238:2009
1235:2008
1232:2007
1229:2006
1226:2005
1223:2004
1220:2003
1207:Total
1125:Spain
1080:Nepal
1005:India
990:Egypt
945:China
930:Chile
769:Birds
419:CU-K2
83:Realm
76:Virus
9536:NCBI
9063:H5N8
8961:H5N1
8904:H1N1
8869:H9N2
8864:H7N9
8859:H7N7
8854:H7N4
8849:H7N3
8844:H7N2
8839:H7N1
8834:H6N1
8829:H5N9
8824:H5N8
8819:H5N6
8814:H5N3
8809:H5N2
8804:H5N1
8799:H3N8
8794:H3N2
8789:H3N1
8784:H2N3
8779:H2N2
8774:H1N2
8769:H1N1
8454:OIE
8386:WHO
8295:ISSN
8272:2012
8235:PMID
8181:2012
8146:2012
8119:2012
8086:2012
8023:2024
8012:PMID
7963:PMID
7928:PMID
7920:ISSN
7882:ISSN
7847:2024
7821:2023
7794:2023
7767:2023
7736:PMID
7685:PMID
7667:ISSN
7632:2024
7605:2024
7570:2024
7539:2023
7362:2006
7320:2008
7289:PMID
7225:2024
7191:PMID
7146:2008
7091:ISSN
7052:PMID
6824:2024
6740:ISBN
6690:ISBN
6665:PMID
6559:PMID
6510:PMID
6461:PMID
6362:PMID
6354:ISSN
6259:PMID
6251:ISSN
6210:PMID
6119:PMID
6070:PMID
6052:ISSN
6017:2024
5916:2020
5851:2020
5818:2024
5786:PMID
5737:PMID
5719:ISSN
5670:PMID
5621:PMID
5572:PMID
5431:PMID
5379:PMID
5315:2024
5277:PMID
5234:PMID
5188:PMID
4866:ISSN
4818:PMID
4800:ISSN
4725:PMID
4707:ISSN
4635:PMID
4287:H7N9
4129:Asia
4127:and
4048:2007
4037:H5N1
4013:2006
3997:and
3981:and
3961:2005
3950:Asia
3946:H5N1
3939:2004
3928:Thai
3914:2003
3896:H5N1
3882:and
1050:Laos
1035:Iraq
832:H5N1
796:H7N9
794:and
792:H5N1
780:cull
683:The
611:and
591:and
495:and
469:The
322:H7N9
320:and
318:H5N1
265:host
18:H5N1
8628:HHS
8605:CDC
8556:BBC
8552:PDF
8538:BBC
8534:PDF
8436:FAO
8225:PMC
8217:doi
8205:336
8106:NPR
8002:PMC
7994:doi
7955:doi
7912:doi
7874:doi
7726:PMC
7716:doi
7675:PMC
7659:doi
7279:PMC
7271:doi
7181:PMC
7173:doi
7169:363
7083:doi
7044:doi
6655:PMC
6647:doi
6549:PMC
6541:doi
6500:PMC
6492:doi
6451:PMC
6443:doi
6346:doi
6241:doi
6200:PMC
6196:168
6109:PMC
6101:doi
6060:PMC
6044:doi
5776:PMC
5768:doi
5727:PMC
5709:doi
5660:PMC
5652:doi
5611:PMC
5603:doi
5562:doi
5421:PMC
5413:doi
5369:PMC
5269:doi
5265:312
5226:doi
5214:440
5178:PMC
5170:doi
4808:PMC
4792:doi
4715:PMC
4699:doi
4627:doi
4402:BBC
4233:in
4087:of
3835:464
3832:907
3793:0%
3775:0%
3742:145
3661:115
3623:129
3609:0%
3490:0%
3481:0%
3470:0%
3421:0%
3410:0%
3399:0%
3214:0%
3201:0%
2966:0%
2923:0%
2887:0%
2770:168
2767:200
2569:120
2566:359
2525:136
2433:0%
2420:0%
2371:0%
2326:0%
2298:0%
2259:0%
2156:0%
2145:0%
1944:0%
1935:0%
1866:0%
1846:0%
1837:0%
1824:0%
1741:0%
1732:0%
1677:CFR
1660:CFR
1643:CFR
1626:CFR
1609:CFR
1592:CFR
1575:CFR
1558:CFR
1541:CFR
1524:CFR
1507:CFR
1490:CFR
1473:CFR
1456:CFR
1439:CFR
1422:CFR
1405:CFR
1388:CFR
1371:CFR
1354:CFR
1337:CFR
1320:CFR
1303:CFR
826:of
399:or
9560::
9538::
9523::
9508::
8607:,
8528:–
8341:.
8321:.
8293:.
8289:.
8262:.
8256:.
8233:.
8223:.
8215:.
8203:.
8199:.
8165:.
8109:.
8103:.
8070:.
8044:.
8040:.
8010:.
8000:.
7990:30
7988:.
7984:.
7961:.
7953:.
7949:.
7926:.
7918:.
7910:.
7906:.
7894:^
7880:.
7870:59
7868:.
7864:.
7838:.
7734:.
7724:.
7712:29
7710:.
7706:.
7683:.
7673:.
7665:.
7655:29
7653:.
7649:.
7591:.
7578:^
7560:.
7556:.
7525:.
7499:.
7474:.
7470:.
7444:.
7440:.
7410:.
7381:.
7370:^
7352:.
7287:.
7277:.
7267:11
7265:.
7261:.
7211:.
7189:.
7179:.
7167:.
7163:.
7089:.
7079:55
7077:.
7073:.
7050:.
7042:.
7016:.
6991:.
6966:.
6942:.
6918:.
6893:.
6868:.
6843:.
6832:^
6814:.
6790:.
6779:^
6762:.
6712:.
6663:.
6653:.
6643:30
6641:.
6637:.
6611:.
6587:.
6557:.
6547:.
6537:11
6535:.
6531:.
6508:.
6498:.
6488:79
6486:.
6482:.
6459:.
6449:.
6439:84
6437:.
6433:.
6408:.
6383:.
6360:.
6352:.
6342:34
6340:.
6336:.
6311:.
6299:^
6283:.
6271:^
6257:.
6249:.
6237:55
6235:.
6231:.
6208:.
6194:.
6190:.
6165:.
6139:.
6117:.
6107:.
6097:37
6095:.
6091:.
6068:.
6058:.
6050:.
6040:25
6038:.
6034:.
6007:.
5982:.
5957:.
5932:.
5906:.
5902:.
5877:.
5826:^
5809:.
5798:^
5784:.
5774:.
5764:13
5762:.
5758:.
5735:.
5725:.
5717:.
5705:18
5703:.
5699:.
5668:.
5658:.
5648:11
5646:.
5642:.
5619:.
5609:.
5599:79
5597:.
5593:.
5570:.
5558:69
5556:.
5552:.
5527:.
5502:.
5477:.
5451:.
5429:.
5419:.
5409:12
5407:.
5403:.
5385:.
5377:.
5365:58
5363:.
5359:.
5335:.
5317:.
5306:.
5283:.
5275:.
5263:.
5240:.
5232:.
5224:.
5212:.
5194:.
5186:.
5176:.
5166:20
5164:.
5160:.
5134:.
5110:.
5086:.
5061:.
5036:.
5012:.
4987:.
4962:.
4938:.
4892:.
4864:.
4860:.
4816:.
4806:.
4798:.
4790:.
4780:12
4778:.
4774:.
4748:.
4737:^
4723:.
4713:.
4705:.
4693:.
4689:.
4663:.
4641:.
4633:.
4623:62
4621:.
4617:.
4605:^
4589:.
4564:.
4539:.
4514:.
4503:^
4486:.
4475:^
4458:.
4429:.
4416:^
4400:.
4396:.
4384:^
4367:.
4363:.
4241:.
3993:,
3989:,
3985:,
3977:,
3861:·
3823:25
3814:12
3751:10
3745:42
3736:22
3733:52
3727:25
3724:39
3718:20
3715:32
3709:34
3706:62
3700:24
3697:48
3691:32
3688:73
3682:33
3679:44
3673:59
3670:88
3664:79
3655:43
3652:98
3646:32
3643:46
3626:65
3516:19
3513:61
3507:20
3504:29
3484:14
3475:13
3346:12
3301:12
3287:17
3284:25
3224:12
3221:17
2700:10
2697:12
2682:19
2679:21
2673:20
2670:24
2664:37
2661:42
2655:45
2652:55
2646:13
2643:20
2534:10
2528:39
2519:14
2516:37
2498:11
2492:15
2489:39
2483:13
2480:29
2471:39
2453:25
2447:10
2444:18
2306:32
2303:55
2181:13
2029:43
2026:72
2017:10
1977:14
1974:26
808:-
441:N1
431:H5
425:04
403:).
395:,
384::
344:.
85::
9465::
8661:e
8654:t
8647:v
8540:.
8327:.
8307:.
8274:.
8241:.
8219::
8211::
8183:.
8148:.
8121:.
8088:.
8055:.
8025:.
7996::
7969:.
7957::
7934:.
7914::
7888:.
7876::
7849:.
7823:.
7796:.
7769:.
7742:.
7718::
7691:.
7661::
7634:.
7607:.
7572:.
7541:.
7510:.
7485:.
7455:.
7425:.
7396:.
7364:.
7322:.
7295:.
7273::
7227:.
7197:.
7175::
7148:.
7097:.
7085::
7058:.
7046::
7027:.
7002:.
6977:.
6952:.
6928:.
6904:.
6879:.
6854:.
6826:.
6800:.
6773:.
6748:.
6723:.
6698:.
6671:.
6649::
6622:.
6597:.
6565:.
6543::
6516:.
6494::
6467:.
6445::
6418:.
6393:.
6368:.
6348::
6321:.
6293:.
6265:.
6243::
6175:.
6150:.
6125:.
6103::
6076:.
6046::
6019:.
5993:.
5968:.
5943:.
5918:.
5887:.
5864:.
5853:.
5820:.
5792:.
5770::
5743:.
5711::
5676:.
5654::
5627:.
5605::
5578:.
5564::
5537:.
5512:.
5487:.
5462:.
5437:.
5415::
5345:.
5291:.
5271::
5248:.
5228::
5220::
5172::
5145:.
5120:.
5096:.
5072:.
5047:.
5022:.
4997:.
4973:.
4948:.
4924:.
4903:.
4878:.
4845:.
4824:.
4794::
4786::
4759:.
4731:.
4701::
4695:9
4674:.
4649:.
4629::
4599:.
4575:.
4550:.
4525:.
4497:.
4469:.
4444:.
4410:.
4378:.
4079:.
4043:.
4001:.
3934:.
3909:.
3826:3
3817:4
3808:1
3805:6
3799:1
3796:2
3790:0
3787:1
3781:1
3778:1
3772:0
3769:0
3763:2
3760:4
3754:3
3637:4
3634:4
3617:1
3614:1
3606:0
3603:1
3583:2
3580:2
3574:1
3571:2
3565:2
3562:4
3554:2
3551:7
3545:5
3542:5
3536:5
3533:6
3527:5
3524:8
3498:3
3495:3
3487:0
3478:0
3467:0
3464:1
3418:0
3415:5
3407:0
3404:4
3396:0
3393:1
3349:4
3304:4
3242:3
3239:3
3233:2
3230:5
3211:0
3208:2
3198:0
3195:2
3149:1
3146:3
3106:1
3103:3
3087:1
3084:1
3044:1
3041:1
3025:1
3022:1
3006:1
3003:1
2963:0
2960:1
2920:0
2917:1
2901:2
2898:3
2884:0
2881:1
2851:2
2848:2
2832:2
2829:3
2787:2
2784:3
2747:1
2744:1
2736:2
2733:2
2727:2
2724:2
2718:3
2715:3
2709:9
2706:9
2691:7
2688:9
2631:1
2628:1
2616:1
2613:1
2546:1
2543:3
2537:3
2510:3
2507:4
2501:5
2474:4
2465:4
2462:8
2456:9
2430:0
2427:1
2417:0
2414:1
2368:0
2365:1
2323:0
2320:1
2295:0
2292:1
2286:1
2283:1
2265:1
2262:6
2256:0
2253:2
2247:2
2244:2
2238:1
2235:2
2229:1
2226:1
2220:1
2217:2
2211:4
2208:7
2202:4
2199:4
2193:3
2190:5
2184:8
2175:5
2172:8
2164:1
2161:1
2153:0
2150:1
2142:0
2139:1
2091:1
2088:1
2060:1
2057:1
2020:2
2011:4
2008:6
1986:4
1983:9
1968:3
1965:3
1959:8
1956:8
1950:1
1947:1
1941:0
1938:1
1932:0
1929:1
1923:1
1920:1
1914:2
1911:2
1905:4
1902:4
1890:1
1887:8
1863:0
1860:1
1852:1
1849:1
1843:0
1840:3
1834:0
1831:2
1821:0
1818:1
1800:5
1797:8
1755:5
1752:8
1738:0
1735:1
1729:0
1726:1
830:(
471:N
447:.
437:.
401:C
397:B
393:A
389:A
288:.
208:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.