58:
442:
indicated horsepower discharged 350 tons of water a minute, and propelled the vessel faster than her sister ships with twin screws. The hydraulic propeller is of greatest value for the highest speeds, and has the greatest power of control. As the hydraulic is capable of subdivision to a great degree, the greatest amount of safety is possible. After an experience of sixty years of hydraulic propulsion, I am still of opinion that it is the means by which greater safety can be obtained at sea, and by which the highest speeds can be obtained with safety and economy
371:
33:
473:
381:
The bottom of the armoured box extended 3 to 4 feet (0.9 to 1.2 m) below the waterline and up to the upperdeck. The forward and aft ends of the box were similarly armoured, although the front end also extended upwards by a further 5 feet 6 inches (1.7 m). In addition, a waterline
427:
s unique propulsion system was essentially a vast centrifugal steam-powered pump which drew water from sluices in the centre of the vessel and ejected it in jets from adjustable nozzles. Two sets of nozzles were provided, one for ahead propulsion and one for astern propulsion. Steam was provided by
441:
My efforts to make a ship safe, from an engineer's point of view, lie in the method of propulsion. My plans are to apply all the engine-power of the ship to pumps for propulsion, and which can be used for pumping out leakage and propelling at the same time. In the largest pump I have made, 800
297:
built for the Royal Navy. Uniquely, she was powered by
Ruthven's "hydraulic propeller", making her the first ship to employ waterjets. She was launched in 1866 and conducted comparative trials with her two sister ships. She was not employed operationally and was sold in 1890.
382:
armoured belt extended for the whole length of the vessel. She and her two sisters were the only armoured gunboats ever built for the Royal Navy. Unlike her sisters, she was fitted with a bow rudder as well as the traditional stern rudder.
432:
and comprised a wheel 14 feet 6 inches (4.4 m) in diameter weighing 8 long tons (8,100 kg) and contained within a case 19 feet (5.8 m) across. The wheel was rotated by three steam cylinders and developed 780
535:
in the speed trials and manoeuvred impressively. Nevertheless, a huge internal volume was required for the internal "hydraulic propeller" and there was little in favour of this early form of
464:
on 29 October 1864 and laid down the same year. She was launched on 28 June 1866 and commissioned on 26 June 1867 under
Commander Philip Ruffle Sharpe. for comparative trials.
911:
935:
864:
437:(580 kW). The hopes of safety, performance and control that were expected from this propulsion were summed up by Mr. M. W Ruthven:
367:-inch (11 cm) armour plating was backed by 10 inches (25 cm) of teak and extended for about 60 feet (18 m) amidships.
461:
90:
428:
two
Maudslay iron fire-tube boilers fed from six furnaces. The horizontal Ruthven "hydraulic reaction engine" was manufactured by
857:
739:
806:
787:
930:
562:
Placed on the non-effective list long before disposal, she was sold to Castle for breaking at
Charlton on 26 April 1890.
506:
most impressive of all in this respect, none of the ships attained more than 9.5 kn (17.6 km/h) in an era when
850:
623:
940:
57:
550:, Devonport on 16 March 1871. She seems to have spent much of the rest of her life as a test bed alongside in
157:
410:
256:
146:
718:
The
Hydraulic Propeller, A Description of this Novel Propelling Device, and an Account of its Performance
692:
717:
512:
could achieve 14.5 kn (26.9 km/h). She was inspected by the
American admiral commanding the
523:
None of the armoured gunboats performed well in the trials because of their inefficient hull form.
778:
42:
624:
Journal of the
Franklin Institute By Persifor Frazer, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia (1866)
434:
192:
281: in (11 cm) iron belt and bulkheads with 10 in (25 cm) of teak backing
8:
945:
824:
507:
186:
643:
812:
802:
783:
513:
353:
was an armoured gunboat of the breastwork type, with a hull constructed of iron. Her
779:
Ships of the Royal Navy: The
Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy
891:
884:
747:
429:
317:
311:
551:
370:
842:
773:
722:
543:
517:
472:
406:
250:
20:
213:
3-cylinder horizontal
Ruthven "hydraulic reaction engine" by J & W Dudgeon
924:
547:
816:
668:
306:
Designed by the Rear
Admiral George Eliot and the Controller's Department,
391:
701:, The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (1991) 20.2: 141-153
32:
799:
The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889
495:
322:, and all three were built mostly as experimental vessels. While
536:
294:
499:
502:
the late 1860s. Although turning ability was impressive, and
912:
List of gunboat and gunvessel classes of the Royal Navy
648:
Experimental Jet-Propelled Ironclad Gunboat (1866)"
539:over the then nearly ubiquitous screw propulsion.
922:
872:
772:
858:
782:(Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing.
936:Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom
796:
865:
851:
407:7-inch (6½-ton) muzzle-loading rifled guns
251:7-inch (6½-ton) muzzle-loading rifled guns
462:Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company
91:Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company
471:
369:
19:For other ships with the same name, see
923:
846:
713:
711:
709:
638:
636:
634:
632:
619:
617:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
342:, but was of composite construction.
334:had a water-pump propulsion system.
55:
734:
732:
686:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
447:Mr M W Ruthven, son of the inventor
374:A contemporary cut-away diagram of
207:2 × Maudslay iron fire-tube boilers
13:
706:
699:, an early ironclad ram in Bermuda
629:
614:
14:
957:
729:
661:
572:
167:32 ft 1 in (9.8 m)
829:at Battleships-Cruisers website"
494:conducted comparative trials at
56:
31:
797:Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004).
452:
293:was one of only three armoured
124:Sold for breaking 26 April 1890
801:. London: Chatham Publishing.
1:
766:
416:
874:Royal Navy armoured gunboats
565:
385:
231:8.9 kn (16.5 km/h)
7:
397:
10:
962:
931:Gunboats of the Royal Navy
744:at Naval Database website"
673:at William Looney website"
156:162 ft (49.4 m)
18:
909:
880:
467:
411:20-pounder breech-loading
330:were twin screw vessels,
301:
128:
50:
30:
16:Gunboat of the Royal Navy
390:She was equipped with a
338:was almost identical to
941:Ships built in Leamouth
776:; Warlow, Ben (2006) .
703:(Subscription required)
557:
345:
175:11 ft (3.4 m)
129:General characteristics
43:Illustrated London News
695:The archaeology of HMS
480:
450:
378:
611:Winfield (2004) p.264
475:
460:was ordered from the
439:
373:
310:was a half-sister to
40:under sail, from the
479:moored between buoys
435:indicated horsepower
405:was armed with two
257:RBL 20-pounder guns
62:United Kingdom
527:was no worse than
481:
379:
187:nominal horsepower
918:
917:
808:978-1-86176-032-6
789:978-1-86176-281-8
726:, 13 January 1868
693:Richard A Gould,
514:European Squadron
430:J & W Dudgeon
285:
284:
953:
867:
860:
853:
844:
843:
839:
837:
835:
820:
793:
760:
759:
757:
755:
746:. Archived from
736:
727:
715:
704:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
665:
659:
658:
656:
654:
640:
627:
621:
612:
609:
542:She carried out
448:
426:
366:
365:
361:
358:
280:
279:
275:
272:
63:
60:
35:
28:
27:
961:
960:
956:
955:
954:
952:
951:
950:
921:
920:
919:
914:
905:
876:
871:
833:
831:
823:
809:
790:
774:Colledge, J. J.
769:
764:
763:
753:
751:
750:on 2 April 2012
738:
737:
730:
716:
707:
691:
687:
677:
675:
667:
666:
662:
652:
650:
642:
641:
630:
622:
615:
610:
573:
568:
560:
544:inclining tests
470:
455:
449:
446:
424:
419:
400:
388:
363:
359:
356:
354:
348:
304:
277:
273:
270:
268:
223:Barquentine rig
180:Installed power
82:29 October 1864
61:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
959:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
916:
915:
910:
907:
906:
904:
903:
896:
889:
881:
878:
877:
870:
869:
862:
855:
847:
841:
840:
821:
807:
794:
788:
768:
765:
762:
761:
728:
723:New York Times
705:
685:
660:
628:
613:
570:
569:
567:
564:
559:
556:
518:David Farragut
469:
466:
454:
451:
444:
418:
415:
399:
396:
387:
384:
347:
344:
303:
300:
283:
282:
266:
262:
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259:
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245:
241:
240:
237:
233:
232:
229:
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221:
217:
216:
215:
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211:
208:
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199:
198:
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196:
189:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
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165:
161:
160:
154:
150:
149:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
69:
65:
64:
53:
52:
48:
47:
36:
21:HMS Waterwitch
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
958:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
913:
908:
902:
901:
897:
895:
894:
890:
888:
887:
883:
882:
879:
875:
868:
863:
861:
856:
854:
849:
848:
845:
830:
828:
822:
818:
814:
810:
804:
800:
795:
791:
785:
781:
780:
775:
771:
770:
749:
745:
743:
735:
733:
725:
724:
719:
714:
712:
710:
702:
700:
696:
689:
674:
672:
664:
649:
647:
639:
637:
635:
633:
625:
620:
618:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
571:
563:
555:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
478:
474:
465:
463:
459:
443:
438:
436:
431:
423:
414:
413:rifled guns.
412:
408:
404:
395:
393:
383:
377:
372:
368:
352:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:
315:
314:
309:
299:
296:
292:
291:
267:
264:
263:
258:
254:
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248:
247:
246:
243:
242:
238:
235:
234:
230:
227:
226:
222:
219:
218:
212:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
195:(580 kW)
194:
190:
188:
184:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
155:
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148:
144:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
127:
123:
120:
119:
115:
112:
111:
107:
104:
103:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
81:
78:
77:
74:
70:
67:
66:
59:
54:
49:
45:
44:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
899:
898:
892:
885:
873:
834:23 September
832:. Retrieved
826:
798:
777:
754:23 September
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
741:
721:
698:
694:
688:
678:23 September
676:. Retrieved
670:
663:
651:. Retrieved
645:
561:
548:Keyham Basin
541:
532:
528:
524:
522:
508:
503:
491:
487:
483:
482:
476:
457:
456:
453:Construction
440:
421:
420:
402:
401:
389:
380:
375:
350:
349:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
312:
307:
305:
289:
287:
286:
210:6 × furnaces
142:Tons burthen
134:Displacement
113:Commissioned
108:28 June 1866
72:
41:
37:
25:
392:barquentine
946:1866 ships
925:Categories
900:Waterwitch
827:Waterwitch
767:References
742:Waterwitch
671:Waterwitch
646:Waterwitch
552:Portsmouth
525:Waterwitch
516:, Admiral
504:Waterwitch
496:Stokes Bay
492:Waterwitch
477:Waterwitch
458:Waterwitch
422:Waterwitch
417:Propulsion
403:Waterwitch
376:Waterwitch
351:Waterwitch
332:Waterwitch
308:Waterwitch
290:Waterwitch
236:Complement
202:Propulsion
137:1,280 tons
73:Waterwitch
38:Waterwitch
566:Citations
520:in 1867.
386:Sail plan
220:Sail plan
191:780
97:Laid down
817:52620555
644:"H.M.S.
445:—
409:and two
398:Armament
295:gunboats
244:Armament
105:Launched
720:,
537:jetboat
509:Warrior
498:in the
362:⁄
276:⁄
172:Draught
87:Builder
79:Ordered
51:History
815:
805:
786:
653:6 June
500:Solent
468:Career
302:Design
265:Armour
153:Length
893:Viper
886:Vixen
825:"HMS
740:"HMS
697:Vixen
669:"HMS
626:p.396
533:Vixen
529:Viper
488:Viper
484:Vixen
425:'
394:rig.
340:Viper
336:Vixen
328:Vixen
324:Viper
319:Viper
313:Vixen
228:Speed
836:2008
813:OCLC
803:ISBN
784:ISBN
756:2008
680:2008
655:2011
558:Fate
490:and
346:Hull
326:and
316:and
288:HMS
255:2 ×
249:2 ×
185:167
164:Beam
145:777
121:Fate
116:1867
100:1864
71:HMS
68:Name
546:in
531:or
193:ihp
927::
811:.
731:^
708:^
631:^
616:^
574:^
554:.
486:,
239:80
158:pp
147:bm
866:e
859:t
852:v
838:.
819:.
792:.
758:.
682:.
657:.
364:2
360:1
357:+
355:4
278:2
274:1
271:+
269:4
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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