Hair removal - Knowledge

179: 313:'s book first published in 1871 "The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex". Darwin's theory of natural selection associated body hair with "primitive ancestry and an atavistic return to earlier less developed forms", writes Herzig, a professor of gender and sexuality studies at Bates College in Maine. Darwin also suggests having less body hair was an indication of being more evolved and sexually attractive. As Darwin's ideas polarized, other 19th century medical and scientific experts started to link hairiness to "sexual inversion, disease pathology, lunacy, and criminal violence". Those connotations were mostly applied to women's and not men's body hair. 670:, the term "smoothie" refers to an individual who has removed their body hair. In the past, such practices were frowned upon and in some cases, forbidden: violators could face exclusion from the club. Enthusiasts grouped together and formed societies of their own that catered to that fashion, and smoothies became a major percentage at some nudist venues. The first Smoothie club (TSC) was founded by a British couple in 1991. A Dutch branch was founded in 1993 in order to give the idea of a hairless body greater publicity in the 353: 1369:(lasers and laser diodes): Laser hair removal technology became widespread in the US and many other countries from the 1990s onwards. It has been approved in the United States by the FDA since 1997. With this technology, light is directed at the hair and is absorbed by dark pigment, resulting in the destruction of the hair follicle. This hair removal method sometimes becomes permanent after several sessions. The number of sessions needed depends upon the amount and type of hair being removed. 4570: 27: 822: 1204: 1308:. Although effective for reducing body hair, antiandrogens have little effect on facial hair. However, slight effectiveness may be observed, such as some reduction in density/coverage and slower growth. Antiandrogens will also prevent further development of facial hair, despite only minimally affecting that which is already there. With the exception of 623:, men are encouraged to shave their beards, and women are encouraged to remove hair growth in various areas. Commonly depilated areas for women are the underarms, legs, and pubic hair. Some individuals depilate the forearms. In recent years, bodily depilation in men has increased in popularity among some subcultures of Western males. 1504:

In the hair follicle, stem cells reside in a discrete microenvironment called the bulge, located at the base of the part of the follicle that is established during morphogenesis but does not degenerate during the hair cycle. The bulge contains multipotent stem cells that can be recruited during wound

971:") for personal convenience or neatness. Head-shaving is not required and is often not permitted for women in military service, although they must have their hair cut or tied to regulation length. For example, the shortest hair a female soldier can have in the U.S. Army is 1/4 inch from the scalp. 1398:

A 2006 review article in the journal "Lasers in Medical Science" compared intense pulsed light (IPL) and both alexandrite and diode lasers. The review found no statistical difference in effectiveness, but a higher incidence of side effects with diode laser-based treatment. Hair reduction after 6

1357:. This technique permanently destroys germ cells responsible for hair growth by way of the insertion of a fine probe into the hair follicle and the application of a current adjusted to each hair type and treatment area. Electrology is the only permanent hair removal method recognized by the FDA. 845:

brought together evidence on different techniques for hair removal before surgery. This involved 25 studies with a total of 8919 participants. Using a razor probably increases the chance of developing a surgical site infection compared to using clippers or hair removal cream or not removing hair

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In some situations, people's hair is shaved as a punishment or a form of humiliation. After World War II, head-shaving was a common punishment in France, the Netherlands, and Norway for women who had collaborated with the Nazis during the occupation, and, in particular, for women who had sexual

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that directly attack hair growth or inhibit the development of new hair cells. Hair growth will become less and less until it finally stops; normal depilation/epilation will be performed until that time. Hair growth will return to normal if use of product is discontinued. Products include the

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when affected by excessive hair. In Korea, pubic hair has long been considered a sign of fertility and sexual health, and it has been reported in the mid-2010s that some Korean women were undergoing pubic hair transplants, to add extra hair, especially when affected by the condition of pubic

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or beardless appearance. Some men shave because they cannot genetically grow a "full" beard (generally defined as an even density from cheeks to neck), their beard color is genetically different from their scalp hair color, or because their facial hair grows in many directions, making a

498:). The outlawed custom is still infrequently encountered mostly in rural areas. Society at large and the government are working to end the practice of ostracizing widows. In addition, it continues to be common practice for men to shave their heads prior to embarking on a pilgrimage. 2928: 626:

For men, the practice of depilating the pubic area is common, especially for aesthetic reasons. Most men will use a razor to shave this area, however, as best practice, it is recommended to use a body trimmer to shorten the length of the hair before shaving it off completely.

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headdress in public places. The face was the only area where hair growth was considered unsightly; 14th-century ladies would also pick off hair from their foreheads to recede the hairline and give their face a more oval form. From the mid-16th century, it is said when Queen

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months was reported as 68.75% for alexandrite lasers, 71.71% for diode lasers, and 66.96% for IPL. Side effects were reported as 9.5% for alexandrite lasers, 28.9% for diode lasers, and 15.3% for IPL. All side effects were found to be temporary and even

794:, meaning "hair". Baptized Sikhs are specifically instructed to have unshorn Kesh (the hair on their head and beards for men) as a major tenet of the Sikh faith. To Sikhs, the maintenance and management of long hair is a manifestation of one's piety. 912:, that are more easily propagated with long and unkempt hair. It also requires less maintenance in the field and in adverse weather it dries more quickly. Short hair is also less likely to cause severe burns from flash flame exposure (as a result of 198:". In early periods, the condition of being hairless was mostly done as a way to keep the body clean, using flint, seashells, beeswax and various other depilatory utensils and exfoliator substances, some highly questionable and highly caustic. 1406:

A 2006 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that alexandrite and diode lasers caused 50% hair reduction for up to 6 months, while there was no evidence of hair reduction from intense pulsed light, neodymium-YAG or ruby lasers.

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to remove body hair. The same attitude exists in other countries in Asia. While hair removal has become routine for many of the continent's younger women, trimming or removing pubic hair, for instance, is not as common or popular as in the

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to shave the hair off their legs, arms, and torsos (and even their whole bodies from the neckline down), to reduce drag and provide a heightened "feel" for the water by removing the exterior layer of skin along with the body hair.

674:. Being a Smoothie is described by its supporters as exceptionally comfortable and liberating. The Smoothy-Club is also a branch of the World of the Nudest Nudist (WNN) and organizes nudist ship cruises and regular nudist events. 995:, and the absence of hair reduces the friction and increases their comfort and effectiveness. Football players are also required to wear shin guards, and in case of a skin rash, the affected area can be treated more efficiently. 907:

policies that govern the hair length and hairstyles permitted; in the field and living in close-quarter environments where bathing and sanitation can be difficult, soldiers can be susceptible to parasite infestation such as

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Aldraibi MS, Touma DJ, Khachemoune A (January 2007). "Hair removal with the 3-msec alexandrite laser in patients with skin types IV-VI: efficacy, safety, and the role of topical corticosteroids in preventing side effects".

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McDaniel DH, Lord J, Ash K, Newman J, Zukowski M (June 1999). "Laser hair removal: a review and report on the use of the long-pulsed alexandrite laser for hair reduction of the upper lip, leg, back, and bikini region".

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One issue that can be considered an advantage or a disadvantage depending upon an individual's viewpoint, is that removing hair has the effect of removing information about the individual's hair growth patterns due to

525:, necessitated by local customs, for many centuries. Young girls and unmarried women, however, are expected to retain their body hair until shortly before marriage, when the whole body is depilated from the neck down. 1484:

Some removal methods are not permanent, can cause medical problems and permanent damage, or have very high costs. Some of these methods are still in the testing phase and have not been clinically proven.

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launched the first safety razor marketed specifically for women—the "Milady Décolleté Gillette", one that solves "...an embarrassing personal problem" and keeps the underarm "...white and smooth".

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Though traditionally in Western culture women remove body hair and men do not, some women choose not to remove hair from their bodies, either as a non-necessity or as an act of rejection against

651:, the removal of body and pubic hair may have been practiced among both men and women. It is represented in some artistic depictions of male and female nudity, examples of which may be seen in 1425:

hair removal is an efficient, and usually permanent, hair removal method, but also causes severe health problems, occasional disfigurement, and even death. It is illegal in the United States.

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increasingly saw smooth skin as a marker of femininity, and female body hair as repulsive, with hair removal giving "a way to separate oneself from cruder people, lower class and immigrant".

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Lee YR, Lee SJ, Kim JC, Ogawa H (November 2006). "Hair restoration surgery in patients with pubic atrichosis or hypotrichosis: review of technique and clinical consideration of 507 cases".

229:, which was seen as easier to maintain and also fashionable. Ancient Egyptian priests also shaved or depilated all over daily, so as to present a "pure" body before the images of the gods. 202:

also associated hair removal with status: a person with smooth skin was associated with purity and superiority. Removing body hair was done by both men and women Psilothrum or psilotrum (

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appeared for men to safely shave their beard and not inadvertently cut themselves, some women allegedly used this safety razor too. It was invented in Paris by the French master cutler

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or contoured appearance difficult to achieve. Some men shave because their beard growth is excessive, unpleasant, or coarse, causing skin irritation. Some men grow a beard or

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Hair is a common feature of the human body, exhibiting considerable variation in thickness and length across different populations. Hair becomes more visible during and after

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In Western and Asian cultures, in contrast to most Middle Eastern cultures, a majority of men are accustomed to shaving their facial hair, so only a minority of men reveal a

959:. However, even after the initial recruitment phase, when head-shaving is no longer required, many soldiers maintain a completely or partially shaven hairstyle (such as a " 490:

Some women also shave their heads for cultural or social reasons. In India, tradition required widows in some sections of the society to shave their heads as part of being

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during the 20th century and the consequential exposure of parts of the body on which hair is commonly found, there has emerged a popularization for women to remove visible

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to using scissors and prohibited from using a razor blade to shave their beards or sideburns, and, by custom, neither men nor women may cut or shave their hair during the

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or completely shaven haircut is common in military organizations where, among other reasons, it is considered to promote uniformity and neatness. Most militaries have

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recommends against complete and long-term head-shaving outside of medical purposes. It is not currently practiced as a law, contingent upon a future decision by the

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or scarring) can be cleaned up more efficiently, and treatment is not impeded. Professional cyclists, as well as professional footballers, also receive regular leg

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or prejudice. For example, unwanted or excessive hair may be removed in preparation for an intimate encounter, or before visiting a public beach or swimming pool.

619:, and therefore, is often seen as a symbol of adulthood, removal of this and other hair may become fashionable in some cultures and subcultures. In many modern 284: 3201:

Toosi P, Sadighha A, Sharifian A, Razavi GM (April 2006). "A comparison study of the efficacy and side effects of different light sources in hair removal".

2031: 444:, for example, the vast majority of women regularly shave their legs and armpits, while roughly half also shave hair that may become exposed around their 405:. For example, for women in several societies, exposure in public of body hair other than head hair, eyelashes and eyebrows is generally considered to be 252:. In other cultures, oil extracted from unripe olives (which had not reached one-third of their natural stage of ripeness) was used to remove body hair. 1375:(IPL) This technology is becoming more common for at-home devices, many of which are advertised as "laser hair removal" but actually use IPL technology. 1019:, conservative students would sometimes attack student radicals or "hippies" by shaving beards or cutting long hair. One notorious incident occurred at 749:), there is no obligation for women to remove body hair or facial hair, unless they wish to do so. However, in preparation for a woman's immersion in a 1805:. Routledge monographs in classical studies (First issued in paperback ed.). London New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 123. 2763:. Pensacola, Florida: Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center. 1999. pp. 10–29, 10–30, 10–31, 12–15, 12–27. 797:

The majority of Muslims believe that adult removal of pubic and axillary hair, as a hygienic measure, is religiously beneficial. Under Muslim law (

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after concluding her days of purification (following her menstrual cycle), the custom of Jewish women is to shave off their pubic hair. During a

920:) which can easily set hair alight. Short hair can also minimize interference with safety equipment and fittings attached to the head, such as 279:

By the 18th century, body hair removal was still considered a non-necessity by European and American women. But in 1760, when the first safety

64:. Additionally, men typically exhibit thicker and more conspicuous body hair than women. Both males and females have visible body hair on the 3559: 6006: 592:" also has been applied to human fashions, wherein some participate in culturally motivated hair removal by depilation (surface removal by 2513: 5875: 987:

to remove leg hair for a number of reasons. In the case of a crash or tackle, the absence of the leg hair means the injuries (usually

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Hair removal can cause issues: skin inflammation, minor burns, lesions, scarring, ingrown hairs, bumps, and infected hair follicles (

572:, while some men remove or trim their body hair, a practice that is referred to in modern society as being a part of "manscaping" (a 4371: 928:. Militaries may also require men to maintain clean-shaven faces as facial hair can prevent an air-tight seal between the face and 155:, sexual, medical, or religious reasons. Forms of hair removal have been practiced in almost all human cultures since at least the 3276: 846:

before surgery. Removing hair on the day of surgery rather than the day before may also slightly reduce the number of infections.

545:. This custom can be motivated by reasons of potentially increased personal cleanliness or hygiene, heightened sensitivity during 2826: 1200:(hair is removed by applying a sticky paste to the skin in the direction of hair growth and then peeling off with a porous strip) 837:. Shaving was the primary form of hair removal until reports in 1983 showed that it may lead to an increased risk of infection. 2648:"Insects in Ancient (Pharaonic) Egypt: A Review of Fauna, Their Mythological and Religious Significance and Associated Diseases" 1847: 1140:"Depilation", or temporary removal of hair to the level of the skin, lasts several hours to several days and can be achieved by 3404:

Eremia S, Li CY, Umar SH, Newman N (November 2001). "Laser hair removal: long-term results with a 755 nm alexandrite laser".

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women were expected to let their hair grow long as a display of femininity, whilst keeping the hair concealed by wearing a

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Boroughs M, Cafri G, Thompson JK (2005). "Male Body Depilation: Prevalence and Associated Features of Body Hair Removal".

479:, either as a religious practice, a fashion statement, or because they find a shaved head preferable to the appearance of 305:

It was not until the late 19th century that women in Europe and America started to make hair removal a component of their

3586: 2535: 2489: 2339:(in Hebrew) (2 ed.). Betar Ilit: Beit ha-hora'ah de-kahal kadosh sepharadim. p. 145 (chapter 16, section 41). 3286: 2359: 366:

Body hair characteristics such as thickness and length vary across human populations, some people have less pronounced

5809: 2792: 2171: 1973: 1685: 1640: 1589: 1173:"Epilation", or removal of the entire hair from the root, lasts several days to several weeks and may be achieved by 561:

Unwanted or excessive hair is often removed in preparatory situations by both sexes, in order to avoid any perceived

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relating to the presence or absence of body hair, which has changed from one time to another. Different standards of

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Many methods have been proposed or sold over the years without published clinical proof they can work as claimed.

801:), it is recommended to keep the beard. A Muslim may trim or cut hair on the head. In the 9th century, the use of 221:, besides being a fashion statement for affluent Egyptians of all genders, hair removal served as a treatment for 5804: 5026: 1876: 2219: 904: 2851: 495: 309:

regime. According to Rebecca Herzig, the modern-day notion of body hair being unwomanly can be traced back to

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is the removal of the part of the hair above the surface of the skin. The most common form of depilation is

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in hair. In extreme situations, people may need to remove all body hair to prevent or combat infestation by

487:. A much smaller number of Western women also shave their heads, often as a fashion or political statement. 5046: 4956: 4576: 1354: 225:, which was a prevalent issue in the region. Very often, they would replace the removed head hair with a 2619: 528:

In China, body hair has long been regarded as normal, and even today women are confronted with far less

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topical preparations (also called "hair inhibitors", "hair retardants", or "hair growth inhibitors")

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society, tradition ordains men to stop shaving a part of their facial hair upon marriage and grow a

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Schick IC (2009). "Some islamic determinants of dress and personal appearance in southwest Asia".

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of Ancient Greece in which both men and women were depicted without body or pubic hair. Emperor

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Haedersdal M, Gøtzsche PC (October 2006). "Laser and photoepilation for unwanted hair growth".

2962: 1901: 1321: 483:, or in order to attain enhanced cooling of the skull – particularly for people suffering from 289: 203: 4213: 3140: 3086: 3016: 2989: 326:, in 1915, was the first women's fashion magazine to run a campaign devoted to the removal of 6607: 6339: 6085: 6026: 5447: 5156: 4551: 4193: 4004: 3852: 3325: 3113: 1221: 1112: 941: 663:

was said, by Suetonius, to have applied "hot nutshells" on his legs as a form of depilation.

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Although the appearance of secondary hair on parts of the human body commonly occurs during

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Michel CE. Trichiasis and distichiasis; with an improved method for radical treatment.

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The body hair of surgical patients is often removed beforehand on the skin surrounding

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is the removal of the entire hair, including the part below the skin. Methods include

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can apply to females and males. People whose hair falls outside a culture's aesthetic

170:"depilare," a word formed from the prefix "de-" and the root "pilus," meaning "hair." 6531: 6511: 6446: 6105: 6100: 5996: 5783: 5737: 5571: 5301: 5201: 5176: 4851: 4816: 4246: 4128: 4103: 4024: 3699: 3694: 3540: 3536: 3503: 3498: 3481: 3468: 3464: 3421: 3417: 3392: 3371: 3339: 3282: 3257: 3218: 3146: 3119: 3092: 3059: 3022: 2995: 2968: 2887: 2788: 2718: 2669: 2600: 2471: 2340: 2291: 2167: 2144: 2097: 2093: 1969: 1942: 1806: 1776: 1739: 1681: 1585: 1462: 1438: 1304:, can be used to reduce or eliminate unwanted body hair, such as in the treatment of 929: 842: 542: 461: 3515: 3433: 3230: 3071: 2109: 1803:

Un-Roman sex: gender, sexuality, and lovemaking in the Roman provinces and frontiers

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In ancient times, one highly abrasive depilatory paste consisted of an admixture of

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Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Psilothrum

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generally undergo some form of tonsure during their induction into monastic life.

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era. The methods used to remove hair have varied in different times and regions.

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levels (such as from pubertal hormonal imbalances or drug side effects), and/or

1151:(manually or with electric shavers which can be used on pubic hair or body hair) 944:. The process of testing whether a mask adequately fits the face is known as a " 734:

are rejected as they are regarded as martial (traditionally associated with the

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Sefer Ma'ayan Ṭaharah Hashalem (The Complete Book 'Wellspring of Purification')

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Sacred luxuries : fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in Ancient Egypt

2136: 1712:"He Found a Hair and It Bothered Him: Female Pubic Hair Removal in the Talmud" 786:

take an even stronger stance, opposing all forms of hair removal. One of the "

601: 517:. In Middle Eastern societies, regular trimming or removal of female and male 352: 6601: 6551: 6416: 6165: 6019: 5778: 5732: 5727: 5499: 5494: 5296: 5246: 5091: 5036: 5006: 4996: 4712: 4659: 4506: 4501: 4476: 4401: 4316: 4093: 3812: 3654: 2877: 2673: 2536:"Clip, Don't Nick: Physicians Target Hair Removal to Cut Surgical Infections" 2344: 1520: 1339:), and are generally only used in women for cosmetic/hair-reduction purposes. 952: 921: 884: 877: 577: 569: 562: 534: 518: 484: 441: 410: 398: 343: 327: 317: 306: 218: 4296: 2704: 2276: 1148: 182:

Vintage advert for the Milady Décolleté Gillette women's safety razor – 1916

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American Academy of Dermatology, Public Resource Center, Laser Hair Removal

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were stripped naked and their entire body shaved to discover the so-called

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Erem C (2013). "Update on idiopathic hirsutism: diagnosis and treatment".

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has been practiced in the United States since 1875. It is approved by the

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The Praeger Handbook of Transsexuality: Changing Gender to Match Mindset

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There are several disadvantages to many of these hair removal methods.

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Tanner J, Melen K, et al. (Cochrane Wounds Group) (August 2021).

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The shaving of hair has sometimes been used in attempts to eradicate

538: 491: 465: 433: 429: 425: 406: 367: 156: 148: 141: 42: 31: 20: 2223: 1194:(a hot or cold layer is applied and then removed with porous strips) 92:. Males and some females may also have thicker hair growth on their 6486: 6451: 6441: 6421: 6142: 6061: 5701: 5656: 5646: 5211: 5161: 5021: 4981: 4941: 4921: 4916: 4891: 4886: 4871: 4856: 4811: 4806: 4791: 4732: 4685: 4546: 4531: 4461: 4416: 4326: 4236: 4183: 4168: 4148: 4108: 4078: 4073: 3937: 3927: 3899: 3879: 3725: 3720: 3644: 3639: 3624: 3614: 3523:

Warner J, Weiner M, Gutowski KA (June 2006). "Laser hair removal".

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United States. Surgeon-General's Office (1945). "Control of Lice".

1515: 1494: 1490: 1247: 1213: 1185: 1128: 1104: 1039: 968: 925: 900: 754: 735: 708: 692: 667: 660: 432:, such as on legs, underarms and elsewhere, or the consequences of 331: 237: 125: 105: 558:), which is thought to affect a small percentage of Korean women. 26: 5686: 5676: 5479: 5281: 5146: 5131: 4976: 4841: 4801: 4707: 4700: 4695: 4456: 4281: 4231: 4143: 3869: 3864: 3847: 3791: 1946: 1933:, orpiment is still commonly used in rural India as a depilatory. 1545: 1144: 1086: 1074: 1070: 992: 964: 841:

are now the recommended pre-surgical hair removal method. A 2021

834: 787: 783: 762: 742: 704: 688: 616: 593: 522: 502: 472: 417: 416:

With the increased popularity in many countries of women wearing

378: 374: 273: 152: 73: 69: 61: 2814:. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 129–132. 2514:"SSI PREVENTION – PATIENT PREPARATION: BATHING AND HAIR REMOVAL" 1837:

Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Psilothrum

1250:(mechanical devices that rapidly grasp hairs and pull them out). 348:

History of removal of leg and underarm hair in the United States

6076: 5819: 5671: 5442: 5345: 5051: 4649: 4451: 4441: 4391: 4366: 4346: 4218: 3958: 3889: 3857: 3649: 2652:

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

1716:

Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues

1498: 1268: 1233: 1191: 1096: 1057:

Inmates have their heads shaved upon entry at certain prisons.

876:

and other parasites. Such a practice was used, for example, in

806: 798: 750: 656: 636: 605: 505:

is considered a sign of beauty and attractiveness for women in

445: 264: 113: 2929:"Eflornithine Monohydrate Chloride (Eflornithine 11.5% cream)" 1826:

A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), Psilothrum

883:

It has been suggested that an increasing percentage of humans

468:

from time to time to change their appearance or visual style.

5834: 5511: 5335: 5181: 5141: 4597: 4541: 4491: 4481: 4396: 4173: 4088: 4058: 4053: 3018:

Clinical Reproductive Medicine and Surgery: A Practical Guide

2827:"Army releases latest policies on female hairstyles, tattoos" 2571:"Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection" 1422: 1378: 1047: 873: 758: 719: 712: 700: 640: 452: 360: 222: 167: 3564: 3200: 1157:(creams or "shaving powders" which chemically dissolve hair) 370:

and others have more conspicuous body hair characteristics.

6081: 5897: 5631: 5286: 4881: 4761: 4628: 4153: 2238:"World of the Nudest Nudist - home of the barest naturists" 1452: 1253: 869: 857: 821: 506: 137: 133: 129: 65: 46: 2055:

Khila'-Journal for Dress and Textiles of the Islamic World

1990:"Who decided women should shave their legs and underarms?" 1963: 635:

In ancient Egypt, depilation was commonly practiced, with

3111: 2967:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1004–1005. 2620:"Does going 'against the grain' give you a better shave?" 1382: 853:

find it medically necessary to remove ingrown eyelashes.

244:); In rural India and Iran, where this mixture is called 85: 3360: 3278:

Milady's Hair Removal Techniques: A Comprehensive Manual

3105: 3021:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 120–. 2737:

Brazilian bikini waxes make crab lice endangered species

2410:"Death & Bereavement in Judaism: Death and Mourning" 1393: 1267:(with the trade names Vaniqa and Follinil) inhibits the 296:

La pogonotomie, ou L'art d'apprendre à se raser soi-même

3138: 3118:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 36–. 2964:

Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism

2220:"World of the Nudest Nudist, beauty of the shaved body" 726:

style beard which serves the significance of wearing a

316:

By the early 20th century, the upper- and middle-class

34:

growth areas in anatomically typical females and males.

3112:

Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM (26 June 2008).

2739:, published 13 January 2013, retrieved 14 January 2013 2013: 1968:. Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag. pp. 61–62. 3449: 3139:

Shalita AR, Del Rosso JQ, Webster G (21 March 2011).

2658:(1). Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences: 15–32. 2360:"The Prohibition of Shaving in the Torah and Halacha" 2237: 2122: 3522: 3383:

Alexiades-Armenakas M (2006). "Laser hair removal".

1860:"Hair removal - Y Ganolfan Eifftaidd / Egypt Centre" 1060: 3382: 521:and pubic hair has been considered proper personal 3403: 3243: 2645: 2010:Shunned from society, widows flock to city to die 1410: 825:Very pronounced upper body hair growth, probably 496:Women in Hinduism § Widowhood and remarriage 194:and defined notions of femininity and the ideal " 30:Anterior view of major and minor (lighter color) 6599: 3132: 2811:War Department Field Manual: Military Sanitation 630: 214:) were depilatories in ancient Greece and Rome. 3314:Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 3008: 2686: 1469: 1031:, cut off his long hair, and shaved his beard. 951:In many militaries, head-shaving (known as the 166:"depilatio," which in turn is derived from the 2981: 2162:. New York: Cornell University Press. p. 2079: 448:pelvic area (often termed the "bikini line"). 337: 5883: 4613: 3580: 3307: 3091:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 152–. 2956: 2954: 1964:Tschachler H, Devine M, Draxlbauer M (2003). 1800: 3182:. United States Food and Drug Administration 3035: 2883:The Unfree French: Life Under the Occupation 2202:"smooth naturists & nudists - Smoothies" 1801:Ivleva, Tatiana; Collins, Rob, eds. (2022). 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1403:changes returned to normal within 6 months. 955:) is mandatory for men when beginning their 186:For centuries, hair removal has long shaped 147:Hair removal may be practiced for cultural, 3246:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3014: 2689:"Did the "Brazilian" kill the pubic louse?" 2575:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2568: 2257: 1641:"Beauty: Why women feel pressured to shave" 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1360: 1274:, preventing new hair cells from producing 397:standards may experience real or perceived 5890: 5876: 4620: 4606: 3587: 3573: 2987: 2951: 2824: 1584:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 67. 162:The term "depilation" is derived from the 4043: 3497: 3333: 3078: 2870: 2712: 2663: 2594: 2465: 2455: 2285: 2275: 1345: 1023:, when unruly fraternity members grabbed 979:It is a common practice for professional 757:ritual, Jewish men are restricted in the 3326:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.104357 3274: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2646:Kenawy M, Abdel-Hamid Y (January 2015). 2384:"Jewish Practices & Rituals: Beards" 2334: 2157: 2028:"Islamic Ruling on Waxing Unwanted Hair" 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1599: 1582:Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History 1202: 891:populations in some parts of the world. 864:due to the accumulation of odor-causing 820: 351: 177: 132:, back of the ear, the underside of the 25: 2849: 2818: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2533: 1758: 1709: 1579: 6600: 3479: 3445:. New York: New York University Press. 3440: 3268: 3159: 2960: 2906: 2886:. Yale University Press. p. 352. 2617: 2357: 2052: 1957: 1871: 1869: 1705: 1703: 1638: 1573: 1505:healing to help repair the epidermis. 248:, it is still commonly used to remove 128:. Hair does not generally grow on the 6002:Selenium disulfide (selenium sulfide) 5871: 4601: 4042: 3568: 3084: 2994:. Hayes Barton Press. pp. 290–. 2876: 2767: 2687:Armstrong NR, Wilson JD (June 2006). 2676:– via Academic Search Complete. 2564: 2562: 2437: 2433: 2431: 2073: 2025: 1654: 1394:Clinical comparisons of effectiveness 1135: 1027:founder (and student-body president) 1012:relations with an occupying soldier. 604:(removal of the entire hair, such as 401:problems, psychological distress and 3041: 2742: 1673: 1168: 1123:. Hair is also sometimes removed by 887:their pubic hair has led to reduced 302:, or The Art of Learning to Shave). 2801: 2444:International Journal of Trichology 2264:International Journal of Trichology 1883:. No. 1718. London. 1990-05-26 1866: 1700: 1680:. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. 1429: 1089:chains that give hair its strength. 711:traditions. Buddhist and Christian 13: 5042:Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut 3525:Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 3443:Plucked: A History of Hair Removal 3353: 3310:"Epidermal stem cells of the skin" 3015:Falcone T, Hurd WW (22 May 2013). 2559: 2440:"From Hair in India to Hair India" 2428: 2270:(1). MedKnow Publications: 33–34. 1966:The EmBodyment of American Culture 1773:10.1016/b978-0-12-815339-0.00020-2 894: 14: 6644: 6012:Zinc pyrithione (pyrithione zinc) 5810:Beard and haircut laws by country 3553: 2852:"Why Swimmers Shave Their Bodies" 1160:Friction (rough surfaces used to 1061:Forms of hair removal and methods 1015:In the United States, during the 330:as "a necessity". Shortly after, 4569: 4568: 3537:10.1097/00003081-200606000-00020 3499:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.05020.x 3465:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08118.x 3418:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.01074.x 2777:Goldmith C (2019). "Boot Camp". 2450:(1). MedKnow Publications: 1–6. 2094:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32302.x 1006: 677: 49:. This process is also known as 5972:Ciclopirox olamine (ciclopirox) 5805:Andre Walker Hair Typing System 5027:Historical Christian hairstyles 3385:Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 3364:Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 3301: 3237: 3194: 3172: 2921: 2900: 2843: 2729: 2693:Sexually Transmitted Infections 2680: 2639: 2611: 2527: 2506: 2482: 2438:Trüeb RM (January–March 2017). 2402: 2376: 2351: 2328: 2302: 2251: 2230: 2212: 2204:. Euro Naturist. Archived from 2194: 2180: 2151: 2116: 2046: 2019: 2003: 1992:. The Straight Dope. 1991-02-06 1982: 1936: 1894: 1852: 1419:for hair removal (experimental) 1077:. Another option is the use of 4627: 3254:10.1002/14651858.CD004684.pub2 2587:10.1002/14651858.CD004122.pub5 2258:Karthikeyan K (January 2009). 1841: 1830: 1819: 1794: 1767:, Elsevier, pp. 301–311, 1752: 1411:Experimental or banned methods 905:occupational safety and health 782:, its highest governing body. 1: 3594: 2026:Kutty A (13 September 2005). 1761:""Gleaming and Deadly White"" 1562: 1081:, which work by breaking the 631:Cultural and other influences 236:, water, wood-ash and yellow 210:) and dropax (Ancient Greek: 140:, or on certain areas of the 41:is the deliberate removal of 3308:Blanpain C, Fuchs E (2006). 3145:. CRC Press. pp. 200–. 2260:"Tonsuring: Myths and facts" 1470:Advantages and disadvantages 981:footballers (soccer players) 805:for women was introduced by 7: 3813:Hair coloring and bleaching 3281:. Thomson Delmar Learning. 3085:Heath RA (1 January 2006). 2760:Basic military requirements 2188:The Twelve Caesars, Aug. 68 1929:). Mixed with two parts of 1508: 1446:Transcutaneous hair removal 974: 682: 583: 338:Cultural and sexual aspects 16:Temporary body hair removal 10: 6649: 2909:"What is a Witches' Mark?" 2665:10.21608/eajbsa.2015.12919 1877:"The nit-picking pharaohs" 1320:in men due to the risk of 1278:for stabilizing their DNA. 1265:eflornithine hydrochloride 816: 780:Universal House of Justice 341: 211: 207: 173: 18: 6404: 6338: 6305:Potassium channel openers 6231: 6179: 6156: 6128: 5911: 5797: 5766: 5715: 5609: 5537: 5430: 5423: 5320: 4745: 4673: 4642: 4635: 4564: 4049: 4038: 3987: 3946: 3910: 3800: 3749: 3713: 3602: 3215:10.1007/s10103-006-0373-2 3203:Lasers in Medical Science 3167:St. Louis Clinical Record 3115:Hair Growth and Disorders 2991:Endocrine Pathophysiology 2618:Bailey R (June 6, 2011). 2521:World Health Organisation 2137:10.1007/s11199-005-3731-9 1951: 1906: 1526:Cosmetics in Ancient Rome 1493:predisposition, illness, 387:human physical appearance 2907:Brooks RB (2020-05-21). 2850:Kostich A (2001-05-15). 2534:Ortolon K (April 2006). 1443:Transdermal electrolysis 1361:Permanent hair reduction 1312:such as finasteride and 655:and sculptures like the 513:, often emphasized with 509:and for both genders in 272:came to power, she made 19:Not to be confused with 6502:Glycopyrronium tosylate 6417:Aminobenzoate potassium 6349:5α-Reductase inhibitors 6297:Topilutamide (fluridil) 6242:5α-Reductase inhibitors 6217:Topical corticosteroids 6114:Topical corticosteroids 4287:Laura Mercier Cosmetics 4069:Anastasia Beverly Hills 3995:Cosmetic electrotherapy 3620:Botulinum toxin (Botox) 2785:Lerner Publishing Group 2705:10.1136/sti.2005.018671 2277:10.4103/0974-7753.51927 1765:Toxicology in Antiquity 1759:Stewart, Susan (2019), 1639:Cerini M (2020-03-03). 1381:epilation (high energy 1310:5α-reductase inhibitors 1272:ornithine decarboxylase 1180:(hairs are tweezed, or 643:used to shave. In both 391:physical attractiveness 6497:Glycopyrronium bromide 6340:Hair growth inhibitors 6027:Calcineurin inhibitors 4827:Brush, butch, burr cut 4252:Jeffree Star Cosmetics 4179:Daigaku Honyaku Center 3180:"Removing hair safely" 2988:Niewoehner CB (2004). 2414:Jewish Virtual Library 2388:Jewish Virtual Library 2067:10.2143/KH.3.0.2066221 2016:, Retrieved 2007-07-05 1902:Alpha Beta la-Ben Sira 1732:10.2979/nashim.35.1.05 1724:10.2979/nashim.35.1.05 1449:Microwave hair removal 1346:Permanent hair removal 1217: 998:It is also common for 830: 578:male-specific grooming 574:portmanteau expression 363: 183: 35: 6086:urea-containing cream 4194:Elizabeth Arden, Inc. 4099:Bath & Body Works 4044:Major cosmetic brands 4005:Cosmetics advertising 3169:, 1875 Oct; 2:145-148 2935:. NHS. Archived from 2825:Ferdinando L (2014). 2780:Women in the Military 2457:10.4103/ijt.ijt_10_17 1211: 1079:chemical depilatories 942:full-face diving mask 936:equipment, such as a 824: 803:chemical depilatories 668:clothes free movement 481:male pattern baldness 355: 276:removal fashionable. 181: 29: 6562:Pregnenolone acetate 6263:Saw palmetto extract 5652:Hairstyling products 5227:Short back and sides 4382:Neal's Yard Remedies 4020:History of cosmetics 4000:Cosmetic ingredients 3486:Dermatologic Therapy 3482:"Laser hair removal" 3453:Dermatologic Surgery 3406:Dermatologic Surgery 3044:Acta Clinica Belgica 2082:Dermatologic Surgery 1643:. Atlanta: CNN Style 1417:Photodynamic therapy 1373:Intense pulsed light 1316:, antiandrogens are 1117:intense pulsed light 1044:Early Modern periods 1000:competitive swimmers 691:) is a part of some 190:, served to signify 6379:Cyproterone acetate 6282:Cyproterone acetate 6233:Alopecia treatments 6181:Anti-inflammatories 5962:Cetrimonium bromide 5933:Cyproterone acetate 5830:Eponymous hairstyle 5716:Haircare techniques 5707:Hair texture powder 5565:Frictional alopecia 4159:ColourPop Cosmetics 3762:Circle contact lens 3275:Bickmore H (2004). 2880:(1 December 2007). 2335:Teherani D (2019). 2226:on August 14, 2007. 2158:Manniche L (1999). 1457:dietary supplements 1290:cyproterone acetate 1262:pharmaceutical drug 1021:Stanford University 946:respirator fit test 938:pilot's oxygen mask 829:, on an adult male. 409:, unattractive and 285:Jean-Jacques Perret 5767:Health and medical 4753:list of hairstyles 4010:Cosmetic packaging 3767:Eyelash extensions 3441:Herzig RM (2015). 2961:Becker KL (2001). 2831:United States Army 2416:. December 6, 2019 2390:. December 6, 2019 1710:Bickart N (2019). 1580:Shellow V (2006). 1367:Laser hair removal 1218: 1136:Depilation methods 930:military gas masks 831: 747:Shaving in Judaism 653:red figure pottery 364: 242:arsenic trisulfide 184: 36: 6595: 6594: 6532:Magnesium sulfate 6512:Hydrogen peroxide 6447:Calcium gluconate 6106:Lithium succinate 6101:Lithium gluconate 5997:Piroctone olamine 5865: 5864: 5738:Curly Girl Method 5610:Haircare products 5605: 5604: 5572:Pattern hair loss 4852:Butterfly haircut 4741: 4740: 4595: 4594: 4560: 4559: 4537:Victoria's Secret 4247:Helena Rubinstein 4129:Bumble and bumble 4025:Cosmetic industry 3480:Wanner M (2005). 3152:978-1-61631-009-7 3125:978-3-540-46911-7 3098:978-0-275-99176-0 3028:978-1-4614-6837-0 3001:978-1-59377-174-4 2974:978-0-7817-1750-2 2893:978-0-300-12601-3 2494:www.thelancet.com 2358:Farber Z (2014). 2131:(9–10): 637–644. 2088:(11): 1327–1335. 1943:Babylonian Talmud 1812:978-1-032-33632-9 1782:978-0-12-815339-0 1439:Electric tweezers 1333:adverse reactions 1331:as well as other 1209: 1169:Epilation methods 849:Some people with 843:systematic review 440:. In most of the 399:social acceptance 223:louse infestation 6640: 6472:Deoxycholic acid 6462:Cromoglicic acid 5913:Anti-seborrheics 5892: 5885: 5878: 5869: 5868: 5592:Trichotillomania 5428: 5427: 5424:Hair subtraction 5410:Designer stubble 5252:Standard haircut 5172:Professional cut 4902:Croydon facelift 4822:Broccoli haircut 4640: 4639: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4599: 4598: 4572: 4571: 4357:Morphe Cosmetics 4322:Make Up For Ever 4139:Carol's Daughter 4040: 4039: 3918:Artificial nails 3875:Styling products 3680:Permanent makeup 3610:Anti-aging cream 3589: 3582: 3575: 3566: 3565: 3548: 3519: 3501: 3476: 3446: 3437: 3400: 3379: 3348: 3347: 3337: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3176: 3170: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3056:10.2143/ACB.3267 3039: 3033: 3032: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2958: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2939:on 19 April 2014 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2858:. Active network 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2774: 2765: 2764: 2755: 2740: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2716: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2667: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2598: 2566: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2553: 2544:. Archived from 2531: 2525: 2524: 2518: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2469: 2459: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2370: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2289: 2279: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2245: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2222:. Archived from 2216: 2210: 2209: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2030:. Archived from 2023: 2017: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1961: 1955: 1953: 1940: 1934: 1921:= ἀρσενικόν; in 1908: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1889: 1888: 1873: 1864: 1863: 1856: 1850: 1845: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1707: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1671: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1636: 1597: 1595: 1577: 1556:Trichotillomania 1430:Doubtful methods 1210: 1188:or with fingers) 1034:During European 957:recruit training 790:" of Sikhism is 621:Western cultures 293: 213: 209: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6618:Plastic surgery 6598: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6557:Povidone-iodine 6507:Hyaluronic acid 6432:Benzoylperoxide 6400: 6334: 6227: 6175: 6152: 6130:Skin lightening 6124: 5907: 5896: 5866: 5861: 5793: 5774:Greying of hair 5762: 5753:Shampoo and set 5711: 5601: 5533: 5419: 5324: 5316: 5232:Short brush cut 5197:Regular haircut 4847:Businessman cut 4750: 4737: 4669: 4631: 4626: 4596: 4591: 4556: 4497:Tarte Cosmetics 4377:Nature Republic 4272:Kylie Cosmetics 4257:Kao Corporation 4045: 4034: 3983: 3979:Sunless tanning 3969:Plastic surgery 3942: 3906: 3796: 3745: 3709: 3705:Venetian ceruse 3670:Moist towelette 3598: 3593: 3556: 3551: 3412:(11): 920–924. 3356: 3354:Further reading 3351: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3273: 3269: 3248:(4): CD004684. 3242: 3238: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3110: 3106: 3099: 3083: 3079: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2959: 2952: 2942: 2940: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2913: 2911: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2848: 2844: 2835: 2833: 2823: 2819: 2806: 2802: 2795: 2783:. Minneapolis: 2775: 2768: 2757: 2756: 2743: 2734: 2730: 2685: 2681: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2616: 2612: 2581:(8): CD004122. 2567: 2560: 2551: 2549: 2532: 2528: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2498: 2496: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2436: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2368: 2366: 2356: 2352: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2256: 2252: 2243: 2241: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2174: 2156: 2152: 2121: 2117: 2078: 2074: 2051: 2047: 2037: 2035: 2024: 2020: 2008: 2004: 1995: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1962: 1958: 1941: 1937: 1916: 1912: 1899: 1895: 1886: 1884: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1831: 1824: 1820: 1813: 1799: 1795: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1757: 1753: 1744: 1742: 1718:(35): 128–152. 1708: 1701: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1674:Lowe S (2016). 1672: 1655: 1646: 1644: 1637: 1600: 1592: 1578: 1574: 1565: 1560: 1511: 1472: 1432: 1413: 1396: 1363: 1348: 1318:contraindicated 1216:, Hainan, China 1203: 1201: 1171: 1138: 1083:disulfide bonds 1063: 1009: 977: 897: 895:In the military 866:micro-organisms 860:or to minimize 819: 685: 680: 633: 586: 554:atrichosis (or 547:sexual activity 530:social pressure 403:social pressure 350: 340: 324:Harper's Bazaar 287: 257:medieval period 176: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6646: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6613:Laser medicine 6610: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6419: 6414: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6389:Spironolactone 6386: 6381: 6376: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6344: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6325: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6292:Spironolactone 6289: 6284: 6279: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6237: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6222:hydrocortisone 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6194:Gamolenic acid 6191: 6185: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6162: 6160: 6158:Skin darkening 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6134: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6119:hydrocortisone 6110: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6091: 6090: 6089: 6079: 6074: 6072:Salicylic acid 6069: 6064: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6023: 6020:Antihistamines 6016: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5959: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5943:Spironolactone 5940: 5935: 5930: 5917: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5902:preparations ( 5900:dermatological 5895: 5894: 5887: 5880: 5872: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5857:Hair fetishism 5854: 5853: 5852: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5577:Hypertrichosis 5574: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5541: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5434: 5432: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5332: 5330: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5082:Liberty spikes 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5047:Japanese women 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5017:High and tight 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4967:Feathered hair 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4912:Curtained hair 4909: 4904: 4899: 4897:Crochet braids 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4772:Asymmetric cut 4769: 4764: 4758: 4756: 4743: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4646: 4644: 4637: 4636:Classification 4633: 4632: 4625: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4602: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4447:Richard Hudnut 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4372:Natural Wonder 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4307:Love Cosmetics 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4030:Male cosmetics 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3974:Skin whitening 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3815: 3810: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3757:Blepharoplasty 3753: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3592: 3591: 3584: 3577: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3555: 3554:External links 3552: 3550: 3549: 3531:(2): 389–400. 3520: 3492:(3): 209–216. 3477: 3459:(6): 425–430. 3447: 3438: 3401: 3391:(7): 678–679. 3380: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3300: 3288:978-1401815554 3287: 3267: 3236: 3193: 3171: 3158: 3151: 3131: 3124: 3104: 3097: 3077: 3050:(4): 268–274. 3034: 3027: 3007: 3000: 2980: 2973: 2950: 2920: 2899: 2892: 2869: 2842: 2817: 2800: 2793: 2766: 2741: 2728: 2699:(3): 265–266. 2679: 2638: 2610: 2558: 2541:Texas Medicine 2526: 2505: 2481: 2427: 2401: 2375: 2350: 2327: 2301: 2250: 2229: 2211: 2208:on 2005-05-08. 2193: 2179: 2172: 2150: 2115: 2072: 2045: 2018: 2012:, 2007-07-05, 2002: 1981: 1974: 1956: 1935: 1914: 1910: 1893: 1865: 1851: 1840: 1829: 1818: 1811: 1793: 1781: 1751: 1699: 1686: 1653: 1598: 1590: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1459: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1420: 1412: 1409: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1376: 1370: 1362: 1359: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1286:spironolactone 1279: 1251: 1245: 1219: 1195: 1189: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1158: 1152: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1090: 1085:that link the 1062: 1059: 1052:witches' marks 1008: 1005: 976: 973: 961:high and tight 922:combat helmets 896: 893: 835:surgical sites 827:hypertrichosis 818: 815: 687:Head-shaving ( 684: 681: 679: 676: 645:Ancient Greece 632: 629: 585: 582: 543:sexual reasons 438:hypertrichosis 339: 336: 311:Charles Darwin 281:straight razor 175: 172: 164:Medieval Latin 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6645: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6552:Oxymetazoline 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6369: 6368:Antiandrogens 6365: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6271:Antiandrogens 6268: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6223: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6166:Afamelanotide 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6095:Lithium salts 6092: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5922:Antiandrogens 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5893: 5888: 5886: 5881: 5879: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5779:Hair follicle 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5758:Straightening 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5728:Hair coloring 5726: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5297:Victory rolls 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5247:Straight hair 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5037:Induction cut 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5007:Hair crimping 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4618: 4616: 4611: 4609: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4567: 4566: 4563: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4507:The Face Shop 4505: 4503: 4502:The Body Shop 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4477:Sinful Colors 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4402:NYX Cosmetics 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4317:MAC Cosmetics 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3655:Facial toning 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3590: 3585: 3583: 3578: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3290: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3181: 3175: 3168: 3162: 3154: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3142:Acne Vulgaris 3135: 3127: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3108: 3100: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3081: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3038: 3030: 3024: 3020: 3019: 3011: 3003: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2984: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2957: 2955: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2910: 2903: 2895: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2873: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2813: 2812: 2804: 2796: 2794:9781541557086 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2773: 2771: 2762: 2761: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2738: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2642: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2565: 2563: 2548:on 2007-10-11 2547: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2530: 2522: 2515: 2509: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2432: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2365: 2361: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2331: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2239: 2233: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2189: 2183: 2175: 2173:9780801437205 2169: 2165: 2161: 2154: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2049: 2034:on 2008-02-13 2033: 2029: 2022: 2015: 2011: 2006: 1991: 1985: 1977: 1975:3-8258-6762-5 1971: 1967: 1960: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1904: 1903: 1897: 1882: 1881:New Scientist 1878: 1872: 1870: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1844: 1838: 1833: 1827: 1822: 1814: 1808: 1804: 1797: 1784: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1755: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1706: 1704: 1689: 1687:9781628922868 1683: 1679: 1678: 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478: 474: 469: 467: 463: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 442:Western world 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 371: 369: 362: 358: 354: 349: 345: 344:Bikini waxing 335: 333: 329: 328:underarm hair 325: 321: 319: 318:white America 314: 312: 308: 307:personal care 303: 301: 297: 291: 286: 282: 277: 275: 271: 266: 262: 258: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 230: 228: 224: 220: 219:Ancient Egypt 215: 205: 204:Ancient Greek 201: 197: 193: 192:social status 189: 180: 171: 169: 165: 160: 158: 154: 150: 145: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 58: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 22: 6608:Hair removal 6587:Tralokinumab 6571:progesterone 6567:Progestogens 6537:Metandienone 6522:Lebrikizumab 6467:Delgocitinib 6426:testosterone 6396:Eflornithine 6374:Bicalutamide 6366: 6347: 6328:Ritlecitinib 6317: 6303: 6277:Bicalutamide 6269: 6240: 6215: 6204:Pimecrolimus 6189:Alitretinoin 6171:Melanotan II 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1276:putrescine 1182:pulled out 1164:away hair) 1067:Depilation 1046:, alleged 1025:Resistance 918:explosions 889:crab louse 851:trichiasis 811:Al-Andalus 732:moustaches 724:Shenandoah 598:dissolving 588:The term " 511:Tajikistan 492:ostracized 477:head shave 422:sportswear 420:clothing, 395:body image 381:developed 342:See also: 300:Pogonotomy 250:pubic hair 227:Nubian wig 196:body image 55:depilation 6628:Cosmetics 6491:estradiol 6487:Estrogens 6482:Dupilumab 6422:Androgens 6384:Flutamide 6311:Minoxidil 6287:Flutamide 6199:Oxaceprol 5966:cetrimide 5938:Flutamide 5840:Good hair 5697:Volumizer 5538:disorders 5448:threading 5415:Sideburns 5388:horseshoe 5383:handlebar 5378:Fu Manchu 5373:Moustache 5351:Ned Kelly 5341:Chinstrap 5277:Titus cut 5267:Taper cut 5192:Razor cut 5157:Pompadour 5152:Pixie cut 5087:Long hair 5067:Kiss curl 4952:Eton crop 4947:Edgar cut 4927:Dido flip 4877:Comb over 4723:Abdominal 4577:Companies 4517:Ultima II 4487:Skin Food 4437:Red Earth 4164:CoverGirl 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