1517:. This could help animal diversity and decrease pollution in these waterways. However, when tested in the lab, haloarchaea have been found to be partial denitrifiers. This means that if haloarchaea are used to treat areas that are high in nitrite and nitrate, they could contribute to nitrogen contaminates and cause an increase in ozone depletion, furthering climate change. The only type of haloarchaea that has been found to reduce nitrogen pollution to atmospheric nitrogen has been Haloferax mediterranei. This shows that haloarchaea may be contributing to nitrogen pollution and isn't a suitable solution to reducing nitrate and nitrite within high salinity areas.
1295:
1463:, which normally has to be synthesized using chemicals. With haloarchaea naturally producing it, there is now a natural way to synthesize carotenoids for medical use. Haloarchaea has also been proposed to help meet the high demand of carotenoids by pharmaceutical companies due to how easy it can be grown in a lab. Genes in Haloarchaea can also be manipulated in order to produce various strands of carotenoids, further helping meet pharmaceutical companies needs.
4568:
4592:
1840:"Phylogenomic analyses and molecular signatures for the class Halobacteria and its two major clades: a proposal for division of the class Halobacteria into an emended order Halobacteriales and two new orders, Haloferacales ord. nov. and Natrialbales ord. nov., containing the novel families Haloferacaceae fam. nov. and Natrialbaceae fam. nov"
1246:, which can be reliably distinguished from each other as well as all other archaea/bacteria through molecular signatures known as conserved signature indels. These studies have also identified 68 conserved signature proteins (CSPs) whose homologs are only found in the members of these three orders and 13
1320:
Haloarchaea are found mainly in hypersaline lakes and solar salterns. Their high densities in the water often lead to pink or red colourations of the water (the cells possessing high levels of carotenoid pigments, presumably for UV protection). The pigmentation will become enhanced when oxygen levels
1357:. Retaining these salts is referred to as the “salt-in” method where the cell accumulates a high internal concentration of potassium. Because of the elevated potassium levels, haloarchaea have specialized proteins that have a highly negative surface charge to tolerate high potassium concentrations.
1450:
of water, freshwater species would have no habitat on the
Martian surface. The presence of high salt concentrations in water lowers its freezing point, in theory allowing for halophiles to exist in saltwater on Mars. Recently, haloarchaea was sent 36 km (about 22 miles) up into Earths atmosphere,
308:
The extremely halophilic, aerobic members of
Archaea are classified within the family Halobacteriaceae, order Halobacteriales in Class III. Halobacteria of the phylum Euryarchaeota (International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes, Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae). As of May
1879:
Gupta RS, Naushad S, Fabros R, Adeolu M (April 2016). "A phylogenomic reappraisal of family-level divisions within the class
Halobacteria: proposal to divide the order Halobacteriales into the families Halobacteriaceae, Haloarculaceae fam. nov., and Halococcaceae fam. nov., and the order
299:
Haloarchaea have a potential to solubilize phosphorus. Phosphorus-solubilizing halophilic archaea may well play a role in P (phosphorus) nutrition to vegetation growing in hypersaline soils. Haloarchaea may also have applications as inoculants for crops growing in hypersaline regions.
38:
1325:(38-41 million years ago). Some even older ones from more than 250 million years ago have been reported. Haloarchaea is also used to treat water that is high in salinity. This is due to its ability to withstand high nutrient levels and the heavy metals that may be present.
1345:) lower than 0.90 is inhibitory to most microbes. The number of solutes causes osmotic stress on microbes, which can cause cell lysis, unfolding of proteins and inactivation of enzymes when there is a large enough imbalance. Haloarchaea combat this by retaining
2930:
Torregrosa-Crespo J, Pire C, MartĂnez-Espinosa RM, Bergaust L (January 2019). "Denitrifying haloarchaea within the genus
Haloferax display divergent respiratory phenotypes, with implications for their release of nitrogenous gases".
1498:, haloarchaea is favored due to the low cost, fast growth, and lack of need to sterilize area due to the salty environment they prefer. They are also a cleaner option for bioplastics due to them not needing chemicals for
1317:). However, Haloarchaea can grow up to saturation (about 37% salts). Optimal growth also occurs when pH is neutral or basic and temperatures at 45°C. Some haloarchaea though can grow even when temperatures exceed 50°C.
2297:
Vreeland RH, Rosenzweig WD, Lowenstein T, Satterfield C, Ventosa A (February 2006). "Fatty acid and DNA analyses of
Permian bacteria isolated from ancient salt crystals reveal differences with their modern relatives".
1419:, or able to take on a range of shapes—even within a single species. This makes identification by microscopic means difficult, and it is now more common to use gene sequencing techniques for identification instead.
1451:
within a balloon. The two types that were sent up were able to survive the freezing temperatures and high radiation levels. This only further extends the theory that halophiles could exist on Mars.
1391:, which pumps chloride ions in the cell in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of
2728:
Rodrigo-Baños M, Montero Z, Torregrosa-Crespo J, Garbayo I, VĂlchez C, MartĂnez-Espinosa RM (2021). "Haloarchaea: A Promising
Biosource for Carotenoid Production". In Misawa N (ed.).
1609:
2599:
1426:". It was classified in 2004 using a very low nutrition solution to allow growth along with a high salt concentration, square in shape and extremely thin (like a
4733:
1928:
401:
1313:
which is around 35g/L salt – 3.5%) in the water to grow, and optimal growth usually occurs at much higher concentrations, typically 20–30% (3.4 - 5.2 mol/L of
1230:
Detailed phylogenetic and comparative analyses of genome sequences from members of the class
Haloarchaea has led to division of this class into three orders,
3645:
3533:
3277:
1250:(CSIs) in different proteins that are uniquely present in the members of the class Haloarchaea. These CSIs are present in the following proteins:
4707:
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920:
731:
560:
1509:
characteristics. If haloarchaea are complete denitrifiers, they could aid salt marsh and other salty environments by buffering these areas of
4746:
1613:
405:
1474:
due to their saltier diets. This also shows that the archaeome in the human gut can vary drastically depending on region and what is eaten.
2103:
Li J, Gao Y, Dong H, Sheng GP (February 2022). "Haloarchaea, excellent candidates for removing pollutants from hypersaline wastewater".
1721:
DasSarma S, Schwieterman EW (2018). "Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures".
1321:
are low due to an increase in a red pigmented ATP. Some of them live in underground rock salt deposits, including one from middle-late
2042:
2520:
Soppa J, Baumann A, Brenneis M, Dambeck M, Hering O, Lange C (September 2008). "Genomics and functional genomics with haloarchaea".
4681:
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and are one of the largest groups. The name 'halobacteria' was assigned to this group of organisms before the existence of the
4088:
3223:
3194:
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2442:
4725:
4452:
3270:
1991:
415:
212:
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Haloarchaea have been proposed that certain types can be used to make biodegradable plastics, which could help decrease
1383:(H) across the cellular membrane. The concentration gradient generated from this process can then be used to synthesize
2614:
3031:"The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification"
1702:
4772:
4751:
3315:
3212:
Bergey's Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria
3179:
Bergey's Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria
2429:. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Vol. 61. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 117–153.
1970:
4404:
3310:
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as a carbon and energy source in catabolic processes, which is often present in high salt environments due to
4128:
3394:
3384:
3367:
1494:(PHB) and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), when exposed to certain conditions. For large scale production of these
4483:
2390:
Cheftel JC (1 August 1995). "Review : High-pressure, microbial inactivation and food preservation".
1434:
of the water, permitting cell shapes that would be difficult, if not impossible, under other conditions.
1416:
2732:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1261. Singapore: Springer. pp. 165–174.
4582:
1247:
276:
of haloarchaea are purplish in color, and large blooms of haloarchaea appear reddish, from the pigment
1466:
Haloarchaea is also present within the human gut, mostly predominant in the gut of people who live in
4777:
4081:
1283:
1271:
1267:
249:
organisms, that require high salt concentrations to grow, with most species requiring more than 2.0M
1286:, protoporphyrin IX magnesium chelatase and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase-like protein.
4815:
3250:
2074:
2047:
2020:
422:
2828:
SimĂł-Cabrera L, GarcĂa-Chumillas S, Hagagy N, Saddiq A, Tag H, Selim S, et al. (March 2021).
2563:
Bryant DA, Frigaard NU (November 2006). "Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated".
2240:"Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid"
1556:
Fendrihan S, Legat A, Pfaffenhuemer M, Gruber C, Weidler G, Gerbl F, Stan-Lotter H (August 2006).
4138:
3684:
3399:
1531:
1404:
3066:"Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya"
4805:
4646:
4608:
4478:
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2341:
Stevenson A, Cray JA, Williams JP, Santos R, Sahay R, Neuenkirchen N, et al. (June 2015).
1536:
1384:
1279:
3215:
3206:
3186:
3173:
4810:
4427:
4366:
3362:
2148:"Haloarchaea Endowed with Phosphorus Solubilization Attribute Implicated in Phosphorus Cycle"
1776:"Haloarchaea Endowed with Phosphorus Solubilization Attribute Implicated in Phosphorus Cycle"
1526:
1487:
1443:
4764:
4356:
1309:
Haloarchaea require salt concentrations in excess of 2 mol/L (or about 10%, three times the
4712:
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4158:
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3077:
2251:
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8:
4800:
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1350:
1303:
288:, which it uses to transform light energy into chemical energy by a process unrelated to
273:
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2741:
2710:
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Giani M, Miralles-Robledillo JM, PeirĂł G, Pire C, MartĂnez-Espinosa RM (March 2020).
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2631:
DasSarma P, DasSarma S (June 2018). "Survival of microbes in Earth's stratosphere".
2549:
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2902:
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2800:
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2779:"The human gut archaeome: identification of diverse haloarchaea in Korean subjects"
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3335:
3070:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2879:
Torregrosa-Crespo J, Bergaust L, Pire C, MartĂnez-Espinosa RM (February 2018).
2795:
2403:
2146:
Yadav AN, Sharma D, Gulati S, Singh S, Dey R, Pal KK, et al. (July 2015).
1774:
Yadav AN, Sharma D, Gulati S, Singh S, Dey R, Pal KK, et al. (July 2015).
1400:
1392:
1338:
1310:
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491:
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324:
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94:
82:
46:
20:
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2880:
2777:
Kim JY, Whon TW, Lim MY, Kim YB, Kim N, Kwon MS, et al. (August 2020).
2727:
2487:
2470:
1880:
Haloferacales into the families, Haloferacaceae and Halorubraceae fam nov".
1636:"On the origin of prokaryotic "species": the taxonomy of halophilic Archaea"
1558:"Extremely halophilic archaea and the issue of long-term microbial survival"
4530:
4351:
4246:
4231:
4166:
3981:
3976:
3959:
3908:
3897:
3557:
3542:
3485:
3424:
3056:
3021:
2962:
2916:
2865:
2814:
2755:
2714:
2652:
2584:
2541:
2506:
2376:
2358:
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2283:
2189:
2124:
1901:
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1839:
1817:
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807:
376:
137:
4738:
3146:
3109:
3012:
2995:
2452:
1949:
1924:
1652:
234:
rules, should be updated. Halophilic archaea are generally referred to as
4694:
4640:
4596:
4432:
4394:
4341:
4316:
4276:
4266:
4236:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4196:
3837:
3512:
3497:
2216:
2015:
1259:
289:
192:
2827:
2238:
Jaakkola ST, Zerulla K, Guo Q, Liu Y, Ma H, Yang C, et al. (2014).
1395:
involving electron transport, however, and haloarchaea are incapable of
253:
for growth and survival. They are a distinct evolutionary branch of the
4442:
4256:
4226:
4221:
4171:
4143:
3286:
2953:
2907:
2846:
2434:
2343:"Is there a common water-activity limit for the three domains of life?"
2296:
1495:
1471:
1460:
1431:
1365:
1102:
1001:
627:
584:
4699:
2171:
1799:
309:
2016, the family Halobacteriaceae comprises 213 species in 50 genera.
4535:
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285:
262:
246:
4602:
4686:
4625:
4555:
4336:
4326:
4191:
3374:
2468:
1735:
1361:
220:
195:
2881:"Denitrifying haloarchaea: sources and sinks of nitrogenous gases"
4374:
4251:
3290:
3035:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
2676:
2469:
Williams TJ, Allen M, Tschitschko B, Cavicchioli R (March 2017).
1844:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
1555:
1514:
1510:
281:
254:
227:
199:
70:
312:
Gupta et al. divides the class of Halobacteria in three orders.
4311:
1403:. Early evolution of retinal proteins has been proposed as the
1380:
1322:
202:
37:
4673:
3711:
3245:
1499:
1467:
258:
209:
4591:
3170:
1470:. Haloarchaea are most abundant in Koreans guts rather than
1442:
Haloarchaea have been proposed as a kind of life that could
1387:. Many haloarchaea also possess related pigments, including
1379:
is used to absorb light, which provides energy to transport
51:
4097:
3820:
2519:
2340:
1505:
Certain types of haloarchaea have also been found to poses
250:
216:
2996:"From genomes to function: haloarchaea as model organisms"
2679:"Deciphering Pathways for Carotenogenesis in Haloarchaea"
219:. Halobacteria are now recognized as archaea rather than
1878:
1459:
Certain types of haloarchaea have been found to produce
1446:; since the Martian atmosphere has a pressure below the
1298:
Salt ponds with pink colored Haloarchaea on the edge of
4066:
3285:
1929:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
402:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
3117:
Cavalier-Smith T (1986). "The kingdoms of organisms".
2830:"Haloarchaea as Cell Factories to Produce Bioplastics"
2730:
Carotenoids: Biosynthetic and Biofunctional Approaches
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1773:
4580:
3171:
Grant WD, Kamekura M, McGenity TJ, Ventosa A (2001).
2237:
1430:). This shape is probably only permitted by the high
1422:
One of the more unusually shaped Haloarchaea is the "
3214:(2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp.
1720:
1562:
Re/Views in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
3063:
2635:. Environmental Microbiology * The New Microscopy.
1368:species that produce glycerol in large quantities.
3205:
3172:
19:"Halobacteria" redirects here. For the genus, see
1837:
1502:and have a higher recyclability of the process.
4792:
2630:
2600:"Extreme halophiles are models for astrobiology"
2464:
2462:
1684:
1633:
400:The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
257:distinguished by the possession of ether-linked
1716:
1714:
3116:
3028:
2562:
2102:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
238:to distinguish them from halophilic bacteria.
4082:
3828:
3271:
3064:Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (June 1990).
2776:
2672:
2670:
2459:
2062:
1689:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–13.
1685:DasSarma S, DasSarma P (2017). "Halophiles".
1614:National Center for Biotechnology Information
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2425:da Costa MS, Santos H, Galinski EA (1998).
1872:
1838:Gupta RS, Naushad S, Baker S (March 2015).
1824:
230:was realized, and while valid according to
4089:
4075:
3278:
3264:
2667:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
1349:such as potassium chloride (KCl) in their
36:
3099:
3089:
3046:
3011:
2952:
2906:
2896:
2855:
2845:
2804:
2794:
2704:
2694:
2607:Microbe-American Society for Microbiology
2496:
2486:
2392:Food Science and Technology International
2366:
2273:
2263:
2179:
1855:
1807:
1734:
1661:
1651:
1581:
2597:
2202:
1549:
1293:
4123:International Salt Co. v. United States
2389:
2203:DasSarma S (2007). "Extreme Microbes".
2089:
1922:
1225:
4793:
1603:
1601:
1222:Note: * paraphyletic Halobacteriaceae
4607:
4606:
4070:
3259:
3241:An educational website on haloarchaea
3210:. In DR Boone, RW Castenholz (eds.).
3207:"Phylum AII. Euryarchaeota phy. nov."
3177:. In DR Boone, RW Castenholz (eds.).
3174:"Class III. Halobacteria class. nov."
2993:
2008:
1723:International Journal of Astrobiology
1289:
4453:List of countries by salt production
2471:"Glycerol metabolism of haloarchaea"
2035:
50:sp. strain NRC-1, each cell about 5
1695:10.1002/9780470015902.a0000394.pub4
1634:DasSarma P, DasSarma S (May 2008).
1598:
261:and the absence of murein in their
13:
2981:
1607:
1486:. Haloarchaea are able to produce
1410:
1254:, nucleotide sugar dehydrogenase,
14:
4827:
3234:
3029:Cavalier-Smith T (January 2002).
1477:
1415:Haloarchaea are often considered
4590:
4567:
4566:
1360:Haloarchaea have adapted to use
4405:Salt and cardiovascular disease
2923:
2872:
2821:
2770:
2721:
2633:Current Opinion in Microbiology
2624:
2591:
2556:
2513:
2418:
2383:
2334:
2290:
2231:
2196:
2139:
1984:
1971:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
1963:
1942:
1437:
272:or anaerobically. Parts of the
2427:Biotechnology of Extremophiles
1916:
1767:
1678:
1627:
1454:
1371:
16:Class of salt-tolerant archaea
1:
2117:10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.06.006
1542:
1424:Square Haloarchaeon of Walsby
3204:Garrity GM, Holt JG (2001).
2738:10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_13
2265:10.1371/journal.pone.0110533
1333:Haloarchaea can grow at an a
395:
388:Gupta et al. 2015, 18 genera
362:Gupta et al. 2015, 10 genera
328:Gupta et al. 2016, 10 genera
7:
3251:Mike Dyall-Smith's Homepage
2986:
1992:"LTP_06_2022 Release Notes"
1520:
370:Gupta et al. 2016, 9 genera
303:
10:
4832:
3181:(2nd ed.). New York:
2933:Environmental Microbiology
2796:10.1186/s40168-020-00894-x
2475:Environmental Microbiology
2404:10.1177/108201329500100203
1329:Adaptations to environment
1280:aspartate aminotransferase
1274:, RNA-associated protein,
1248:conserved signature indels
344:Gupta et al. 2016, 1 genus
163:DasSarma and DasSarma 2008
18:
4615:
4564:
4523:
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4413:
4365:
4157:
4117:In the American Civil War
4104:
4047:
3990:
3937:
3928:
3819:
3810:
3710:
3643:
3531:
3466:
3447:
3423:
3414:
3298:
2885:FEMS Microbiology Letters
2696:10.3390/molecules25051197
2645:10.1016/j.mib.2017.11.002
2577:10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001
2534:10.1007/s00203-008-0376-4
2312:10.1007/s00792-005-0474-z
1894:10.1007/s10482-016-0660-2
1745:10.1017/S1473550418000423
1574:10.1007/s11157-006-0007-y
1353:to allow them to balance
1284:precorrin-8x methylmutase
1272:phosphopyruvate hydratase
1268:adenylosuccinate synthase
1170:
1159:{"Halalkalicoccaceae"} *
1152:
1145:
1121:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1052:
1023:{"Natronoarchaeaceae"} *
1016:
998:
991:
973:
966:
959:
934:
917:
910:
903:
896:
822:
804:
797:
755:
728:
717:{"Natronoarchaeaceae"} *
710:
703:
696:
680:
673:
624:
613:{"Halalkalicoccaceae"} *
606:
599:
581:
574:
557:
550:
543:
536:
520:
513:
489:
473:
466:
459:
443:
436:
421:53 marker proteins based
420:
413:
215:or nearly saturated with
181:halophilic archaebacteria
152:
145:
124:
117:
60:Scientific classification
58:
44:
35:
30:
4423:Salt Industry Commission
4096:
3163:
2613:(3): 120. Archived from
2522:Archives of Microbiology
2075:Genome Taxonomy Database
2048:Genome Taxonomy Database
2021:Genome Taxonomy Database
1616:(NCBI) taxonomy database
3685:Methanomassiliicoccales
3610:Methanonatronarchaeales
3091:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576
3048:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7
2945:10.1111/1462-2920.14474
2488:10.1111/1462-2920.13580
2105:Trends in Biotechnology
2016:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
1882:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
1532:Purple Earth hypothesis
1405:purple Earth hypothesis
336:Gibbons 1974, 24 genera
3607:Methanonatronarchaeia
3517:"Methanofastidiosales"
2994:Soppa J (March 2006).
2565:Trends in Microbiology
2359:10.1038/ismej.2014.219
1857:10.1099/ijs.0.070136-0
1537:List of Archaea genera
1306:
3889:"Methanomethylicales"
3457:"Hydrothermarchaeles"
3454:"Hydrothermarchaeia"
3448:"Hydrothermarchaeota"
3013:10.1099/mic.0.28504-0
2898:10.1093/femsle/fnx270
2498:1959.4/unsworks_49888
1653:10.1186/1746-1448-4-5
1337:close to 0.75, yet a
1297:
980:{"Salinarchaeaceae"}
735:{"Salinarchaeaceae"}
320:Grant and Larsen 1989
268:Haloarchaea can grow
4448:Open-pan salt making
4272:Monosodium glutamate
4007:"Heimdallarchaeales"
3886:"Methanomethylicia"
3868:"Geothermarchaeales"
3689:"Natronoplasmatales"
3675:"Aciduliprofundales"
3634:"Syntropharchaeales"
2217:10.1511/2007.65.1024
2043:"ar53_r214.sp_label"
1608:Sayers; et al.
1252:DNA topoisomerase VI
1226:Molecular signatures
4054:Alternative views:
3657:"Thermoprofundales"
3628:"Syntropharchaeia"
3467:"Methanobacteriota"
3440:"Persephonarchaeia"
3131:1986Natur.324..416C
3082:1990PNAS...87.4576W
2598:DasSarma S (2006).
2256:2014PLoSO...9k0533J
2164:2015NatSR...512293Y
1850:(Pt 3): 1050–1069.
1792:2015NatSR...512293Y
1492:polyhydroxybutyrate
1488:polyhydroxyalkanote
1351:intracellular space
1304:Fremont, California
157:Cavalier-Smith 2002
4287:Potassium chloride
4139:In Chinese history
3865:Conexivisphaerales
3726:"Aenigmatarchaeia"
3692:"Sysuiplasmatales"
3601:Methanomicrobiales
3590:"Methanoliparales"
3479:Methanobacteriales
2847:10.3390/md19030159
2435:10.1007/bfb0102291
2205:American Scientist
2152:Scientific Reports
1780:Scientific Reports
1347:compatible solutes
1307:
1290:Living environment
1276:threonine synthase
177:halophilic archaea
4788:
4787:
4760:Open Tree of Life
4609:Taxon identifiers
4578:
4577:
4515:Salting the earth
4510:Salt in the Bible
4484:San Francisco Bay
4292:Potassium nitrate
4064:
4063:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
3992:Heimdallarchaeota
3971:"Sigynarchaeales"
3924:
3923:
3892:"Nezhaarchaeales"
3872:Nitrososphaerales
3798:"Undinarchaeota"
3778:"Nanohalarchaeia"
3751:"Huberarchaeota"
3721:Aenigmatarchaeota
3706:
3705:
3696:Thermoplasmatales
3681:"Lunaplasmatales"
3678:"Gimiplasmatales"
3631:"Methanophagales"
3619:Methanosarcinales
3587:"Methanoliparia"
3552:"Mnemosynellales"
3225:978-0-387-98771-2
3196:978-0-387-98771-2
3125:(6096): 416–417.
3076:(12): 4576–4579.
3006:(Pt 3): 585–590.
2747:978-981-15-7360-6
2444:978-3-540-63817-9
2172:10.1038/srep12293
1800:10.1038/srep12293
1484:plastic pollution
1377:Bacteriorhodopsin
1300:San Francisco Bay
1264:ribosomal protein
1256:ribosomal protein
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1134:
1133:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1031:
948:
947:
885:
884:
876:
875:
867:
866:
858:
857:
849:
848:
840:
839:
786:
785:
777:
776:
768:
767:
744:
743:
662:
661:
653:
652:
644:
643:
502:
501:
389:
381:
380:Gupta et al. 2015
371:
363:
355:
354:Gupta et al. 2015
345:
337:
329:
321:
280:, related to the
278:bacteriorhodopsin
170:
169:
164:
158:
112:Grant et al. 2002
4823:
4781:
4780:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4741:
4729:
4728:
4716:
4715:
4703:
4702:
4690:
4689:
4677:
4676:
4664:
4663:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4604:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4586:
4570:
4569:
4428:Evaporation pond
4202:Calcium chloride
4091:
4084:
4077:
4068:
4067:
4032:"Wukongarchaeia"
4024:"Borrarchaeales"
4013:"Kariarchaeales"
4004:"Gerdarchaeales"
4000:Heimdallarchaeia
3968:"Lokiarchaeales"
3952:"Hermodarchaeia"
3935:
3934:
3905:"Marsarchaeales"
3881:"Culexarchaeles"
3878:"Culexarchaeia"
3862:"Caldarchaeales"
3826:
3825:
3817:
3816:
3773:Nanohalarchaeota
3646:Thermoplasmatota
3623:Methanotrichales
3615:Methanosarcinia
3577:"Methanocellia"
3509:"Theionarchaeia"
3421:
3420:
3327:
3307:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3257:
3256:
3229:
3209:
3200:
3176:
3158:
3139:10.1038/324416a0
3113:
3103:
3093:
3060:
3050:
3025:
3015:
2975:
2974:
2956:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2900:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2849:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2808:
2798:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2708:
2698:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2353:(6): 1333–1351.
2347:The ISME Journal
2338:
2332:
2331:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2100:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1835:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1738:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1568:(2–3): 203–218.
1553:
1355:osmotic pressure
1258:L10e, RecJ-like
1148:
1147:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1087:
994:
993:
969:
968:
962:
961:
937:Halobacteriaceae
913:
912:
906:
905:
899:
898:
894:Halobacteriales
891:
890:
800:
799:
706:
705:
699:
698:
683:Halobacteriaceae
676:
675:
602:
601:
577:
576:
553:
552:
546:
545:
539:
538:
523:Halobacteriaceae
516:
515:
476:Halobacteriaceae
469:
468:
462:
461:
446:Halobacteriaceae
439:
438:
432:
431:
411:
410:
387:
379:
369:
361:
353:
343:
335:
333:Halobacteriaceae
327:
319:
162:
156:
40:
28:
27:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4816:Archaea classes
4791:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4776:
4771:
4763:
4758:
4750:
4745:
4737:
4732:
4724:
4719:
4711:
4706:
4698:
4693:
4685:
4680:
4672:
4667:
4659:
4654:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4611:
4601:
4589:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4560:
4551:Ximenes Redoubt
4546:Water softening
4519:
4493:
4462:
4415:
4409:
4390:Salt-cured meat
4361:
4347:Sodium chloride
4322:Salt substitute
4297:River reed salt
4153:
4100:
4095:
4065:
4060:
4035:
4027:"Sifarchaeales"
4018:"Njordarchaeia"
4010:"Hodarchaeales"
3986:
3965:"Helarchaeales"
3949:"Freyrarchaeia"
3946:"Baldrarchaeia"
3920:
3914:Thermoproteales
3858:Nitrososphaeria
3842:"Korarchaeales"
3812:Proteoarchaeota
3806:
3801:"Undinarchaeia"
3754:"Huberarchaeia"
3731:"Altarchaeota"
3702:
3665:"Poseidoniales"
3639:
3596:Methanomicrobia
3581:Methanocellales
3572:"Hikarchaeales"
3563:Halobacteriales
3548:Archaeoglobales
3527:
3491:Methanococcales
3474:Methanobacteria
3462:
3443:
3435:"Hadarchaeales"
3410:
3409:
3325:
3303:
3294:
3284:
3246:HaloArchaea.com
3237:
3232:
3226:
3197:
3183:Springer Verlag
3166:
3161:
2989:
2984:
2982:Further reading
2979:
2978:
2928:
2924:
2877:
2873:
2826:
2822:
2775:
2771:
2748:
2726:
2722:
2675:
2668:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2571:(11): 488–496.
2561:
2557:
2518:
2514:
2467:
2460:
2445:
2423:
2419:
2388:
2384:
2339:
2335:
2295:
2291:
2250:(10): e110533.
2236:
2232:
2201:
2197:
2144:
2140:
2101:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2070:"Taxon History"
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1921:
1917:
1877:
1873:
1836:
1825:
1772:
1768:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1683:
1679:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1617:
1606:
1599:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1523:
1480:
1457:
1440:
1413:
1411:Cellular shapes
1374:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1292:
1233:Halobacteriales
1228:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1156:Halalkalicoccus
1135:
1075:
1066:
1042:
1033:
1020:Natronoarchaeum
1005:{QS-9-68-17} *
949:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
787:
778:
769:
745:
714:Natronoarchaeum
663:
654:
645:
610:Halalkalicoccus
588:{QS-9-68-17} *
503:
414:16S rRNA based
398:
317:Halobacteriales
306:
155:Halomebacteria
128:Halobacteriales
113:
110:
109:
97:
85:
73:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4829:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4769:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4704:
4691:
4678:
4665:
4652:
4637:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4600:
4599:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4541:Smelling salts
4538:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4458:Salt tectonics
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4400:Health effects
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4302:Sodium nitrate
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:Korean brining
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4134:Old Salt Route
4131:
4126:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4071:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4021:"Sifarchaeia"
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
3996:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3956:
3955:"Jordarchaeia"
3953:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3902:"Gearchaeales"
3895:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3852:"Hecatellales"
3845:
3844:
3843:
3834:
3832:
3830:Thermoproteota
3823:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3793:"Nanohalobiia"
3791:
3790:"Nanoarchaeia"
3781:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3766:"Micrarchaeia"
3757:
3756:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:"Iainarchaeia"
3737:
3736:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3671:Thermoplasmata
3668:
3667:
3666:
3662:"Poseidoniia"
3660:
3659:
3658:
3654:"Izemarchaea"
3651:
3649:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3569:"Hikarchaeia"
3567:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3539:
3537:
3534:Halobacteriota
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3521:Thermococcales
3518:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3503:Methanopyrales
3495:
3494:
3493:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3432:"Hadarchaeia"
3429:
3427:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:Mesomycetozoea
3397:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3336:Diaphoretickes
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:classification
3283:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3236:
3235:External links
3233:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3201:
3195:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3114:
3061:
3041:(Pt 1): 7–76.
3026:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2939:(1): 427–436.
2922:
2871:
2820:
2769:
2746:
2720:
2666:
2623:
2620:on 2007-02-02.
2590:
2555:
2528:(3): 197–215.
2512:
2481:(3): 864–877.
2458:
2443:
2417:
2398:(2–3): 75–90.
2382:
2333:
2289:
2230:
2211:(3): 224–231.
2195:
2138:
2111:(2): 226–239.
2088:
2061:
2034:
2007:
1983:
1962:
1941:
1925:"Halobacteria"
1915:
1888:(4): 565–587.
1871:
1823:
1766:
1729:(3): 241–250.
1710:
1703:
1677:
1640:Saline Systems
1626:
1610:"Halobacteria"
1597:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1479:
1478:Climate change
1476:
1456:
1453:
1439:
1436:
1412:
1409:
1401:carbon dioxide
1393:photosynthesis
1373:
1370:
1342:
1339:water activity
1334:
1330:
1327:
1311:ocean salinity
1291:
1288:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1173:Haloferacaceae
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:Haloarculaceae
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
997:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
982:
972:
967:
965:
960:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
946:
945:
942:
941:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
916:
911:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
889:
887:
883:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
856:
855:
852:
851:
847:
846:
843:
842:
838:
837:
834:
833:
825:Haloferacaceae
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
803:
798:
796:
793:
792:
789:
788:
784:
783:
780:
779:
775:
774:
771:
770:
766:
765:
762:
761:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
742:
741:
738:
737:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
709:
704:
702:
697:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
679:
674:
672:
669:
668:
665:
664:
660:
659:
656:
655:
651:
650:
647:
646:
642:
641:
638:
637:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
605:
600:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
580:
575:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
556:
551:
549:
544:
542:
537:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
519:
514:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:Haloarculaceae
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
472:
467:
465:
460:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
442:
437:
435:
430:
427:
426:
419:
397:
394:
393:
392:
391:
390:
374:
373:
372:
364:
359:Haloferacaceae
348:
347:
346:
338:
330:
325:Haloarculaceae
305:
302:
294:photosynthesis
245:are among the
243:microorganisms
168:
167:
166:
165:
159:
150:
149:
143:
142:
141:
140:
135:
130:
122:
121:
115:
114:
111:
105:
103:
99:
98:
93:
91:
87:
86:
81:
79:
75:
74:
69:
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4828:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4806:Euryarchaeota
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4573:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:Miscellaneous
4522:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Grain of salt
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4385:Brined cheese
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:In Middlewich
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3939:Lokiarchaeota
3936:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3898:Thermoproteia
3896:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3848:Bathyarchaeia
3846:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:Nanoarchaeota
3782:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:Micrarchaeota
3758:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:Iainarchaeota
3738:
3734:"Altarchaeia"
3733:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3642:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3543:Archaeoglobia
3541:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3530:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Euryarchaeota
3413:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:Stramenopiles
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3326:(major groups
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2300:Extremophiles
2293:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2011:
1993:
1987:
1972:
1966:
1951:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1923:J.P. Euzéby.
1919:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1704:9780470015902
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:postage stamp
1425:
1420:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:fixing carbon
1394:
1390:
1389:halorhodopsin
1386:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:Haloferacales
1234:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:Halorubraceae
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Halococcaceae
1105:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:Natrialbaceae
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:
996:
995:
989:
988:
985:
984:
981:
979:
978:
977:Salinarchaeum
971:
970:
964:
963:
957:
956:
953:
952:
944:
943:
940:
938:
932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
922:
921:Haladaptaceae
915:
914:
908:
907:
901:
900:
893:
892:
888:
881:
880:
872:
871:
863:
862:
854:
853:
845:
844:
836:
835:
832:
830:
829:Halorubraceae
826:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
810:
809:
802:
801:
795:
794:
791:
790:
782:
781:
773:
772:
764:
763:
760:
759:
758:Natrialbaceae
753:
752:
749:
748:
740:
739:
736:
734:
733:
732:Salinarchaeum
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
716:
715:
708:
707:
701:
700:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
684:
678:
677:
671:
670:
667:
666:
658:
657:
649:
648:
640:
639:
636:
634:
633:Halococcaceae
630:
629:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
612:
611:
604:
603:
597:
596:
593:
592:
589:
587:
586:
579:
578:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
562:
561:Haladaptaceae
555:
554:
548:
547:
541:
540:
534:
533:
530:
529:
526:
524:
518:
517:
511:
510:
507:
506:
498:
497:
494:
493:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
477:
471:
470:
464:
463:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
447:
441:
440:
434:
433:
429:
428:
424:
417:
412:
409:
407:
403:
386:
385:Natrialbaceae
383:
382:
378:
375:
368:
367:Halorubraceae
365:
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:Haloferacales
349:
342:
341:Halococcaceae
339:
334:
331:
326:
323:
322:
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
301:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
207:
206:Euryarchaeota
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
160:
154:
153:
151:
148:
144:
139:
136:
134:
133:Haloferacales
131:
129:
126:
125:
123:
120:
116:
108:
104:
101:
100:
96:
95:Euryarchaeota
92:
89:
88:
84:
83:Euryarchaeota
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:
47:Halobacterium
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
21:Halobacterium
4811:Halobacteria
4739:halobacteria
4647:Halobacteria
4617:Halobacteria
4616:
4531:Mineral lick
4416:and industry
4232:Fleur de sel
4121:
3982:Thorarchaeia
3977:Odinarchaeia
3960:Lokiarchaeia
3909:Sulfolobales
3558:Halobacteria
3486:Methanococci
3425:Hadarchaeota
3385:Opisthokonta
3211:
3178:
3122:
3118:
3073:
3069:
3038:
3034:
3003:
3000:Microbiology
2999:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2837:
2834:Marine Drugs
2833:
2823:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2729:
2723:
2686:
2682:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2615:the original
2610:
2606:
2593:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2478:
2474:
2426:
2420:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2306:(1): 71–78.
2303:
2299:
2292:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2108:
2104:
2079:. Retrieved
2073:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2046:
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1944:
1933:. Retrieved
1918:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1847:
1843:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1726:
1722:
1686:
1680:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1618:. Retrieved
1565:
1561:
1551:
1527:Life on Mars
1507:denitrifying
1504:
1481:
1465:
1458:
1448:triple point
1444:live on Mars
1441:
1438:As exophiles
1421:
1414:
1375:
1359:
1332:
1319:
1308:
1243:Natrialbales
1241:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1171:
1154:
1153:
1122:
1101:
1100:
1053:
1018:
1017:
1000:
999:
975:
974:
935:
918:
823:
808:Salinirubrum
806:
805:
756:
730:
729:
712:
711:
681:
626:
625:
608:
607:
583:
582:
558:
521:
490:
474:
444:
399:
377:Natrialbales
311:
307:
298:
267:
240:
235:
185:halobacteria
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:
161:Haloarchaea
138:Natrialbales
107:Halobacteria
106:
45:
31:Haloarchaea
25:
4695:iNaturalist
4641:Wikispecies
4489:In Pakistan
4474:In Cheshire
4433:Salt mining
4395:Salted fish
4317:Salammoniac
4277:Moshio salt
4182:AsĂn tibuok
4056:Wikispecies
3838:Korarchaeia
3513:Thermococci
3498:Methanopyri
3287:Prokaryotes
3185:. pp.
2954:10045/83647
2908:10045/73332
2689:(5): 1197.
1496:bioplastics
1472:methanogens
1461:carotenoids
1455:Medical use
1417:pleomorphic
1372:Phototrophy
1260:exonuclease
404:(LPSN) and
290:chlorophyll
270:aerobically
236:haloarchaea
208:, found in
193:prokaryotic
173:Haloarchaea
54:in length.
4801:Halophiles
4795:Categories
4443:Sink works
4367:Food usage
4257:Kala namak
4192:Black lava
4144:Salt March
2840:(3): 159.
2789:(1): 114.
2783:Microbiome
1935:2021-11-17
1736:1810.05150
1620:2022-06-05
1543:References
1500:cell lysis
1432:osmolarity
1366:Dunaliella
1103:Halococcus
1002:Halostella
628:Halococcus
585:Halostella
263:cell walls
198:under the
4536:Road salt
4467:By region
4438:Salt well
4242:Himalayan
4149:Salt road
3380:Amoebozoa
3358:Alveolata
3346:Cryptista
3321:Eukaryota
2764:232419066
2683:Molecules
2639:: 24–30.
2225:0003-0996
2158:: 12293.
2133:236158869
1950:"The LTP"
1786:: 12293.
1761:119341330
1753:1473-5504
425:08-RS214
418:_06_2022
396:Phylogeny
286:rhodopsin
274:membranes
247:halophile
232:taxonomic
213:saturated
196:organisms
78:Kingdom:
4632:Q1054206
4626:Wikidata
4572:Category
4479:In Ghana
4414:Commerce
4337:Sel gris
4332:Seasoned
4327:Sea salt
4282:Pickling
4177:Alberger
3375:Amorphea
3353:Rhizaria
3341:Hacrobia
3331:Excavata
3316:Bacteria
3057:11837318
3022:16514139
2987:Journals
2971:53292259
2963:30421557
2917:29237000
2866:33803653
2815:32753050
2756:33783738
2715:32155882
2661:19041112
2653:29156444
2585:16997562
2550:21222667
2542:18493745
2507:27768817
2412:85703396
2377:25500507
2328:25102006
2320:16133658
2284:25338080
2244:PLOS ONE
2190:26216440
2125:34284891
1910:10437481
1902:26837779
1866:25428416
1818:26216440
1672:18485204
1646:(1): 5.
1592:21984879
1521:See also
1362:glycerol
408:(NCBI).
304:Taxonomy
284:pigment
221:bacteria
200:archaeal
187:) are a
147:Synonyms
90:Phylum:
66:Domain:
4498:Culture
4380:Salting
4375:Brining
4352:Truffle
4252:Jugyeom
4247:Iodised
4187:Bittern
4112:History
4105:History
4051:Source:
3390:Animals
3311:Archaea
3291:Archaea
3155:5242667
3147:2431320
3127:Bibcode
3110:2112744
3078:Bibcode
2857:8003077
2806:7409454
2706:7179442
2453:9670799
2368:4438321
2275:4206341
2252:Bibcode
2181:4516986
2160:Bibcode
1809:4516986
1788:Bibcode
1663:2397426
1583:3188376
1515:nitrite
1511:nitrate
1490:(PHA),
1381:protons
1302:, near
1175:(incl.
827:(incl.
292:-based
282:retinal
255:Archaea
228:Archaea
102:Class:
71:Archaea
4778:416243
4765:921404
4752:183963
4726:951427
4700:152089
4583:Portal
4357:TĂşltul
4342:Smoked
4267:Kosher
4237:Garlic
4217:Cyclic
4212:Curing
4207:Celery
4197:Butter
4167:Abraum
3930:Asgard
3368:Plants
3305:Domain
3222:
3193:
3153:
3145:
3119:Nature
3108:
3098:
3055:
3020:
2969:
2961:
2915:
2864:
2854:
2813:
2803:
2762:
2754:
2744:
2713:
2703:
2659:
2651:
2583:
2548:
2540:
2505:
2451:
2441:
2410:
2375:
2365:
2326:
2318:
2282:
2272:
2223:
2188:
2178:
2131:
2123:
2081:10 May
2054:10 May
2027:10 May
2000:10 May
1976:10 May
1955:10 May
1931:(LPSN)
1908:
1900:
1864:
1816:
1806:
1759:
1751:
1701:
1670:
1660:
1590:
1580:
1323:Eocene
259:lipids
241:These
225:domain
203:phylum
4773:WoRMS
4708:IRMNG
4307:Onion
4227:Flake
4222:Dairy
4172:Alaea
4159:Types
3712:DPANN
3395:Fungi
3164:Books
3151:S2CID
3101:54159
2967:S2CID
2891:(3).
2760:S2CID
2657:S2CID
2618:(PDF)
2603:(PDF)
2546:S2CID
2408:S2CID
2324:S2CID
2129:S2CID
1995:(PDF)
1906:S2CID
1757:S2CID
1731:arXiv
1468:Korea
1399:from
1266:S15,
210:water
189:class
119:Order
4747:NCBI
4734:LPSN
4721:ITIS
4713:1396
4682:GBIF
4674:7949
4597:Food
4312:Rock
4098:Salt
3821:TACK
3220:ISBN
3191:ISBN
3143:PMID
3106:PMID
3053:PMID
3018:PMID
2959:PMID
2913:PMID
2862:PMID
2811:PMID
2752:PMID
2742:ISBN
2711:PMID
2649:PMID
2581:PMID
2538:PMID
2503:PMID
2449:PMID
2439:ISBN
2373:PMID
2316:PMID
2280:PMID
2221:ISSN
2186:PMID
2121:PMID
2083:2023
2056:2023
2029:2023
2002:2023
1978:2023
1957:2023
1898:PMID
1862:PMID
1814:PMID
1749:ISSN
1699:ISBN
1668:PMID
1588:PMID
1513:and
1315:NaCl
1240:and
923:" *
685:4 *
563:" *
478:3 *
448:2 *
423:GTDB
251:NaCl
217:salt
4687:160
4669:EoL
4656:CoL
4556:Tax
3216:169
3187:169
3135:doi
3123:324
3096:PMC
3086:doi
3043:doi
3008:doi
3004:152
2949:hdl
2941:doi
2903:hdl
2893:doi
2889:365
2852:PMC
2842:doi
2801:PMC
2791:doi
2734:doi
2701:PMC
2691:doi
2641:doi
2573:doi
2530:doi
2526:190
2493:hdl
2483:doi
2431:doi
2400:doi
2363:PMC
2355:doi
2308:doi
2270:PMC
2260:doi
2213:doi
2176:PMC
2168:doi
2113:doi
1890:doi
1886:109
1852:doi
1804:PMC
1796:doi
1741:doi
1691:doi
1687:eLS
1658:PMC
1648:doi
1578:PMC
1570:doi
1385:ATP
416:LTP
191:of
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