Hamas - Knowledge

2907:, one of the five pillars of Islam) to fund grassroots services such as nurseries, schools, orphanages, soup kitchens, women's activities, library services and even sporting clubs within a larger context of preaching and political discussions. In the 1990s, some 85% of its budget was allocated to the provision of social services. Hamas has been called perhaps the most significant social services actor in Palestine. By 2000, Hamas or its affiliated charities ran roughly 40% of the social institutions in the West Bank and Gaza and, with other Islamic charities, by 2005, was supporting 120,000 individuals with monthly financial support in Gaza. Part of the appeal of these institutions is that they fill a vacuum in the administration by the PLO of the Palestinian territories, which had failed to cater to the demand for jobs and broad social services, and is widely viewed as corrupt. As late as 2005, the budget of Hamas, drawing on global charity contributions, was mostly tied up in covering running expenses for its social programmes, which extended from the supply of housing, food and water for the needy to more general functions such as financial aid, medical assistance, educational development and religious instruction. A certain accounting flexibility allowed these funds to cover both charitable causes and military operations, permitting transfer from one to the other. 7172:

members to set up an Islamic university and build mosques, clubs and schools. Crucially, Israel often stood aside when the Islamists and their secular left-wing Palestinian rivals battled, sometimes violently, for influence in both Gaza and the West Bank. 'When I look back at the chain of events I think we made a mistake,' says David Hacham, who worked in Gaza in the late 1980s and early '90s as an Arab-affairs expert in the Israeli military. 'But at the time nobody thought about the possible results.' Israeli officials who served in Gaza disagree on how much their own actions may have contributed to the rise of Hamas. They blame the group's recent ascent on outsiders, primarily Iran. This view is shared by the Israeli government. 'Hamas in Gaza was built by Iran as a foundation for power, and is backed through funding, through training and through the provision of advanced weapons,' Mr. Olmert said last Saturday. Hamas has denied receiving military assistance from Iran.

11483:"Document" continues in this vein, albeit in somewhat less florid language, asserting that "the Zionist project does not target the Palestinian people alone; it is the enemy of the Arabic and Islamic Ummah posing a grave threat to its security and interests. It is also hostile to the Ummah's aspirations for unity, renaissance, and liberation and has been the major source of its troubles. The Zionist project also poses a danger to international security and peace and to mankind…." (#15). As in the 1988 Covenant, the 2017 "Document" merely takes all the classical tropes of anti-Semitism and focuses them on Zionism, noting that "it is the Zionists who constantly identify Judaism and the Jews with their own colonial project and illegal entity" (#16). In effect, Hamas is saying that it is at war with all Jews except those who are anti-Zionist, thus it is not anti-Semitic. This can hardly be regarded as a serious repudiation of anti-Semitism. 3448: 2620:"We don't hate Jews and fight Jews because they are Jewish. They are a people of faith and we are a people of faith, and we love all people of faith. If my brother, from my own mother and father and my own faith takes my home and expels me from it, I will fight him. I will fight my cousin if he takes my home and expels me from it. So when a Jew takes my home and expels me from it, I will fight him. I don't fight other countries because I want to be at peace with them, I love all people and wish peace for them, even the Jews. The Jews lived with us all of our lives and we never assaulted them, and they held high positions in government and ministries. But if they take my home and make me a refugee like 4 million Palestinians in exile? Who has more right to this land? The Russian immigrant who left this land 2000 years ago or the one who left 40 years ago? We don't hate the Jews, we only ask for them to give us our rights." 4238:, collaborating with Israel is a crime punishable by death in Gaza. Hundreds of Palestinians were executed by both Hamas and Fatah during the First Intifada. In the wake of the 2006 Israeli conflict with Gaza, Hamas was accused of systematically rounding up, torturing and summarily executing Fatah supporters suspected of supplying information to Israel. Human Rights Watch estimates several hundred Gazans were "maimed" and tortured in the aftermath of the conflict. Seventy-three Gazan men accused of "collaborating" had their arms and legs broken by "unidentified perpetrators", and 18 Palestinians accused of helping Israel were executed by Hamas security officials in the first days of the conflict. In November 2012, Hamas's Izzedine al-Qassam brigade publicly executed six Gaza residents accused of collaborating with Israel. According to the witnesses, six alleged informers were shot dead one by one in 2832:

in 2004, which by 2006 drastically reduced the flow of money from that area. Iran and Syria, in the aftermath of Hamas's 2006 electoral victory, stepped in to fill the shortfall. Saudi funding, negotiated with third parties including Egypt, remained supportive of Hamas as a Sunni group but chose to provide more assistance to the PNA, the electoral loser, when the EU responded to the outcome by suspending its monetary aid. During the 1980s, Iran began to provide 10% of Hamas's funding, which it increased annually until by the 1990s it supplied $ 30 million. It accounted for $ 22 million, over a quarter of Hamas's budget, by the late 2000s. According to Matthew Levitt, Iran preferred direct financing to operative groups rather than charities, requiring video proof of attacks. Much of the Iran funding is said to be channeled through

2957: 5350:'The Charter was written in early 1988 by one individual and was made public without appropriate general Hamas consultation, revision or consensus, to the regret of Hamas's leaders in later years. The author of the Charter was one of the 'old guard' of the Muslim Brotherhood in the Gaza Strip, completely cut off from the outside world. All kinds of confusions and conflations between Judaism and Zionism found their way into the Charter, to the disservice of Hamas ever since, as this document has managed to brand it with charges of 'anti-Semitism' and a naïve world-view' Hamas leaders and spokespeople have rarely referred to the Charter or quoted from it, evidence that it has come to be seen as a burden rather than an intellectual platform that embraces the movement's principles.' 4570: 2824:

Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Britain, Germany, the United States, United Arab Emirates, Italy and France. Much of the money raised comes from sources that direct their assistance to what Hamas describes as its charitable work for Palestinians, but investments in support of its ideological position are also relevant, with Persian Gulf States and Saudi Arabia prominent in the latter. Matthew Levitt claims that Hamas also taps money from corporations, criminal organizations and financial networks that support terror. It is also alleged that it engages in cigarette and drug smuggling, multimedia copyright infringement and credit card fraud. The United States, Israel and the EU have shut down many charities and organs that channel money to Hamas, such as the

14894:, Revised edition 2013 p. 124. "Officially, Hamas is considered by American and Israeli policymakers and some academics as the epitome of a terrorist group. Due to the gravity and consequences of Hamas's use of terrorism as a tactic, all other aspects of Hamas, including its extensive social services programs and its role as a political party are overshadowed and often ignored by policy makers. Others recognize the complexity of Hamas as an organization and suggest that Hamas will continue to transform itself into a full political party and eventually disarm and cease all violent tactics. They view Hamas as a complex organization with terrorism as only one component, which is likely to evolve into a non-violent political party." 652: 5253: 4175: 2994: 4144:, Hamas largely stopped launching rocket attacks on Israel and has on at least two occasions arrested members of other groups who have launched rockets, "showing that it has the ability to impose the law when it wants". In February 2010, Hamas issued a statement regretting any harm that may have befallen Israeli civilians as a result of Palestinian rocket attacks during the Gaza war. It maintained that its rocket attacks had been aimed at Israeli military targets but lacked accuracy and hence sometimes hit civilian areas. Israel responded that Hamas had boasted repeatedly of targeting and murdering civilians in the media. 721: 1780:, instead declared their willingness to have contacts with Israel "in all mundane affairs: business, trade, health, and labor". The program further stated: "The question of recognizing Israel is not the jurisdiction of one faction, nor the government, but a decision for the Palestinian people." Since then until today, spokesmen of Hamas seem to disagree about their attitudes towards Israel, and debates are running as to whether the original 1988 Hamas charter has since March 2006 become obsolete and irrelevant or on the contrary still spells out Hamas's genuine and ultimate goals (see: 586: 4796: 4820:

contact. Emadi said, "You have to support them. You don't like them, don't like them. But they control the country, you know." Some argue that Hamas's relations with Qatar are putting Hamas in an awkward position because Qatar has become part of the regional Arab problem. Hamas says that having contacts with various Arab countries establishes positive relations which will encourage Arab countries to do their duty toward the Palestinians and support their cause by influencing public opinion in the Arab world. In March 2015, Hamas has announced its support of the

4311:, Hamas killed more than 120 Palestinian youths for defying house arrest imposed on them by Hamas, in addition to 30–40 Palestinians killed by Hamas in extrajudicial executions after accusing them of being collaborators with Israel. Referring to the killing of suspected collaborators, a Shin Bet official stated that "not even one" of those executed by Hamas provided any intelligence to Israel, while the Shin Bet officially "confirmed that those executed during Operation Protective Edge had all been held in prison in Gaza in the course of the hostilities". 7319:, p. 210: "Khaled Meshal, as chief of Hamas's Political Bureau in Damascus, as well as Hamas prime minister Ismail Haniyeh similarly confirmed the organization's willingness to accept the June 4, 1967, borders and a two-state solution should Israel withdraw from the occupied territories, a reality reaffirmed in the 2006 Palestinian Prisoners' Document, in which most major Palestinian factions had reached a consensus on a two-state solution, that is, a Palestinian state within 1967 borders including East Jerusalem and the refugee right of return." 17559: 916: 780: 3236: 72: 1403:, withdrawing its forces in mid-January 2009. Since 2009, Hamas has faced multiple military confrontations with Israel, notably the 2012 and 2014 Gaza Wars, leading to substantial casualties. Hamas has maintained control over Gaza, often clashing with the Palestinian Authority led by Fatah. Efforts at reconciliation between Hamas and Fatah have seen limited success. Hamas continued to face international isolation and blockades, while engaging in sporadic rocket attacks and tunnel construction activities against Israel. 929: 4320: 5409:'This ceasefire ended when Israel started targeting Hamas leaders for assassination in July 2003. Hamas retaliated with a suicide bombing in Israel on August 19, 2003, that killed 20 people, including 6 children. Since then Israelis have mounted an assassination campaign against the senior leadership of Hamas that has killed 13 Hamas members, including Ismail Abu Shanab, one of the most moderate leaders of Hamas. ... After each of these assassinations, Hamas has sent a suicide bomber into Israel in retaliation.' 5207: 2836:. After 2006, Iran's willingness to take over the burden of the shortfall created by the drying up of Saudi funding also reflected the geopolitical tensions between the two, since, though Shiite, Iran was supporting a Sunni group traditionally closely linked with the Saudi kingdom. The US imposed sanctions on Iran's Bank Saderat, alleging it had funneled hundreds of millions to Hamas. The US has expressed concerns that Hamas obtains funds through Palestinian and Lebanese sympathizers of Arab descent in the 708: 4543: 3215:

involvement. This control gave it the ability to significantly influence the Palestinian discourse online through content that denies the humanity and right to life of Israelis. These included posters, songs and videos glorifying threats; computer games that encourage the murder of Jews; training videos for carrying out effective and indiscriminate stabbing and shooting attacks; and anti-Semitic cartoons as a central means of dehumanizing the Israeli/Jew in the Palestinian online discourse.

994: 3086:. It has shown television programs, including some children's television, which deliver antisemitic messages. Hamas has stated that the television station is "an independent media institution that often does not express the views of the Palestinian government headed by Ismail Haniyeh or of the Hamas movement", and that Hamas does not hold antisemitic views. The programming includes ideologically tinged children's shows, news talk, and religiously inspired entertainment. According to the 1007: 793: 2980:(before the Syrian Civil War). Additionally, the brigades have an estimated 10,000–17,000 operatives, other sources say 15,000–40,000 militants, forming a backup force whenever circumstances call for reinforcements for the Brigade. Recruitment training lasts for two years. The group's ideology outlines its aim as the liberation of Palestine and the restoration of Palestinian rights under the dispensations set forth in the Qur'an, and this translates into three policy priorities: 3326: 819: 640: 2853:. These were not sufficient to cover the costs of governing the Strip and running the al Qassam Brigades, and when tensions arose with Iran over support of President Assad in Syria, Iran dropped its financial assistance to the government, restricting its funding to the military wing, which meant a drop from $ 150 million in 2012 to $ 60 million the following year. A further drop occurred in 2015 when Hamas expressed its criticisms of Iran's role in the 18451: 4939: 968: 600: 3376: 18212: 836: 4609:. Instead, Hamas backed the Sunni rebels fighting against Assad. As a result, Iran cut funding to Hamas, and Iranian ally Hezbollah ordered Hamas members out of Lebanon. Hamas was then forced out of Syria, and subsequently has tried to mend fences with Iran and Hezbollah. Hamas contacted Jordan and Sudan to see if either would open up its borders to its political bureau, but both countries refused, although they welcomed many Hamas members leaving Syria. 4925: 10795:'The non-Zionist Jew is one who belongs to the Jewish culture, whether as a believer in the Jewish faith or simply by accident of birth, but...(who) takes no part in aggressive actions against our land and our nation. ... Hamas will not adopt a hostile position in practice against anyone because of his ideas or his creed but will adopt such a position if those ideas and creed are translated into hostile or damaging actions against our people.' (1990) 903: 981: 2508: 2639:". The charter accepts a Palestinian state in the 1967 borders, without recognizing Israel. The charter clarifies that Hamas's struggle is not against the Jewish people but against Zionists. The charter argues that armed resistance to occupation is supported by international law. It also claims to support democracy. Hamas has described these changes as adaptation within a specific context, as opposed to abandonment of its principles. 4495:, only about a third had positive opinions, and more than half viewed Hamas negatively. Furthermore, 68% of Israeli Arabs viewed Hamas negatively. In July 2014, 65% of Lebanese viewed Hamas negatively. In Jordan and Egypt, roughly 60% viewed Hamas negatively, and in Turkey, 80% had a negative view of Hamas. In Tunisia, 42% had a negative view of Hamas, while 56% of Bangladeshis and 44% of Indonesians had a negative opinion of Hamas. 955: 767: 533: 942: 10792:, pp. 195–201: 'Hamas continues to be characterized with reference to its 1988 charter drawn up less than a year after the movement was established in direct response to the outbreak of the third intifada and when its raison d'être was armed resistance to the occupation. Yet when its election and post-election documents are compared to the charter, it becomes clear that what is being promoted is a profondly different organization' 2082:

organized and financed a conference among 250 Gaza citizens about the future management of the State of Palestine following the takeover of Israel which was predicted to come soon. According to the conclusions of the conference, the Jewish Israeli fighters would be killed, while the peaceful individuals could be integrated or be allowed to leave. At the same time the highly skilled and educated would be prevented from leaving.

566: 754: 552: 519: 506: 390: 2663: 493: 3133: 1608:, wrote in 2008 that Hamas talks "of hudna , not of peace or reconciliation with Israel. They believe over time they will be strong enough to liberate all historic Palestine." Several more authors have warned around 2020, that, if Israel would accept such a proposal (a Palestinian state "in the territories of 1967" combined with a long-term truce), Hamas would retain its objective of establishing one state in former 614: 7297:, pp. 17–19: "Indeed, since 2006, Hamas has unceasingly highlighted its acceptance of the 1967 borders, as well as accords signed by the PLO and Israel. This position has been an integral part of reconciliation agreements between Hamas and Fatah since 2005: the Cairo Agreement in 2005, the Prisoners' Document in 2006, the Mecca Agreement in 2007 and finally the Cairo and Doha Agreements in 2011 and 2012." 695: 4242:, while the corpse of the sixth victim was tied by a cable to the back of a motorcycle and dragged through the streets. In 2013, Human Rights Watch issued a statement condemning Hamas for not investigating and giving a proper trial to the six men. Their statement was released the day before Hamas issued a deadline for "collaborators" to turn themselves in, or they will be pursued "without mercy". During the 678: 10937::'The Charter condemns world Zionism and the efforts to isolate Palestine, defines the mission of the organization, and locates that mission within Palestinian, Arab and Islamic elements. It does not condemn the West or non-Muslims, but does condemn aggression against the Palestinian people, arguing for a defensive jihad. It also calls for fraternal relations with the other Palestinian nationalist groups'. 3372:, offered that Hamas would attack only military targets if the IDF would stop causing the deaths of Palestinian civilians. Following a June 19, 2008, ceasefire, the al-Qassam Brigades ended its rocket attacks and arrested Fatah militants in Gaza who had continued sporadic rocket and mortar attacks against Israel. The al-Qassam Brigades resumed the attacks after the November 4 Israeli incursion into Gaza. 665: 7315:, pp. 114–116: " enshrined many issues that had already been settled, including statehood on the 1967 borders; UN Resolution 194 for the right of return; and the right to resist within the occupied territories...This agreement was in essence a key text that offered a platform for unity between Hamas and Fatah within internationally defined principles animating the Palestinian struggle." * 3224:

government critics. This secret police force relies on a network of informants and employs tactics such as censorship and surveillance to maintain control. Before the conflict with Israel, the unit reportedly had a monthly budget of $ 120,000 and consisted of 856 personnel, including more than 160 individuals paid to spread Hamas propaganda and conduct online attacks against opponents.

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recognized they could fight for liberation without obtaining their husband's permission and in 2002 their participation in jihad was permitted. The doctrinal emphasis on childbearing and rearing as woman's primary duty is not so different from Fatah's view of women in the First Intifada and it also resembles the outlook of Jewish settlers, and over time it has been subjected to change.

1811:), stating: "We are so concerned about stability and security in the area that we don't mind having a Palestinian state in the 1967 borders and offering a truce for many years", and asking Bush for a dialogue with the Hamas government. A similar message he sent to Israel's leaders. Haniyeh had reportedly proposed a fifty-year armistice. Neither Washington nor Israel replied. Nuancing 1618:, to Israel, contingent on the creation of a Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders. Sheikh Ahmed Yasin indicated that such truce could be extended for 30, 40, or even 100 years, but it would never signal a recognition of Israel. A Hamas official explained that having an indefinite truce with Israel doesn't contradict Hamas's lack of recognition of Israel, comparing it to the 2344:

effort to impose Islamic dress on students. There has also been successful resistance to attempts by local Hamas officials to impose Islamic dress on women. Hamas officials deny having any plans to impose Islamic law, one legislator stating that "What you are seeing are incidents, not policy," and that Islamic law is the desired standard "but we believe in persuasion".

4593:. In Syria he held talks on the issue of Palestinians stuck on the Syrian-Iraqi border. He also stated that he unofficially met officials from Western Europe in Qatar who did not wish to be named. In May 2006, Hamas foreign minister visited Indonesia, Malaysia, the Sultanate of Brunei, Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka and Iran. The minister also participated in 3195:, al-Fateh promotes violence and antisemitism, with praise for and encouragement to become suicide bombers, and that it "regularly includes photos of children it claims have been detained, injured or killed by Israeli police, images of children firing slingshots or throwing rocks at Israelis and children holding automatic weapons and firebombs." 2930:

Hamas activists who have been killed or wounded during militant operations are given an initial, one-time grant varying between $ 500–$ 5,000, together with a $ 100 monthly allowance. Rent assistance is also given to families whose homes have been destroyed by Israeli bombing though families unaffiliated with Hamas are said to receive less.

2102:, aiming at Hamas militants but also harming much civilian infrastructure and directly killing tens of thousands of civilians, as admitted even by Israel (not counting the presumed multiple number of indirect deaths). A number of conflicting statements since then were made by Hamas senior leaders regarding the Hamas policy towards Israel. 1995:, repeated his November 2010 message: "We accept a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967, with Jerusalem as its capital, the release of Palestinian prisoners, and the resolution of the issue of refugees," but only if such arrangement would be endorsed by "a referendum" held among all Palestinians: in Gaza, West Bank, and the diaspora. 1521:) acceptable. But the new Charter did not recognize Israel nor relinquish Palestinian claims to all of historical Palestine. Some scholars saw Hamas' acceptance of the 1967 borders as a tacit acceptance of another entity on the other side while others state that Hamas retains the long-term objective of establishing one state in former 10046:, p. 26: Israel incessantly invokes provisions of Hamas's charter that call for the elimination of Jews and the destruction of Israel, and its refusal to recognize the state of Israel. ... Hamas also calls attention to the clauses in the Likud charter that explicitly denounce a two-state solution. A double standard, says Hamas. 3188:("the conqueror") is the Hamas children's magazine, published biweekly in London, and also posted in an online website. It began publication in September 2002, and its 108th issue was released in mid-September 2007. The magazine features stories, poems, riddles, and puzzles, and states it is for "the young builders of the future". 14099: 1916:" and accept the right of Israel "to live as a neighbour" if such a deal would be approved by a referendum among the "Palestinians". Nevertheless, Mashal did not offer a unilateral ceasefire (as Carter had suggested him to do). The US State Department showed utter indifference for Mashal's new stance; Israel's Prime Minister 9515:

Palestinian state will have a referendum and the Palestinian people will decide. We in Hamas will respect the decision of the Palestinian majority.' Haniyeh in November 2010: 'We accept a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967, with Jerusalem as its capital, the release of Palestinian prisoners, and the resolution of

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killed. Former Israeli Lt. Col. Jonathan D. Halevi stated that "Hamas has expressed pride in aiming long-range rockets at strategic targets in Israel including the nuclear reactor in Dimona, the chemical plants in Haifa, and Ben-Gurion Airport", which "could have caused thousands" of Israeli casualties "if successful".

2755:), which Hamas leaders argue provides for democracy within an Islamic framework. As the organization grew more complex and Israeli pressure increased, the Shura Council was renamed the General Consultative Council, with members elected from local council groups. The council elects the 15-member Political Bureau ( 2422:, the analogy is inaccurate. Yusuf described the Taliban as "opposed to everything", including education and women's rights, while Hamas wants to establish good relations between the religious and secular elements of society and strives for human rights, democracy and an open society. According to professor 4788:, who pledged $ 250 million to repair the damage caused by Israel in the Israeli war on Gaza. These events caused Qatar to become the main player in the "Palestinian issue". Qatar called Gaza's blockade unjust and immoral, which prompted the Hamas government in Gaza, including former Prime Minister 1760:, which confirms "the right of the Palestinian people to resistance in order to end the occupation, establish a Palestinian state with full sovereignty with Jerusalem as its capital" (etc.), aiming to reconcile several Palestinian factions but not describing specific steps or strategies towards Israel. 9851:

He said that "Al-Aqsa Flood", Hamas's name for its armed offensive, "is just the first time, and there will be a second, a third, a fourth". Once considered a thoughtful observer of Palestinian politics, Hamad now declared that "nobody should blame us for what we do – on 7 October, on 10 October, on

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Asher Susser, director of the Dayan Centre at Tel Aviv University, conveyed to me in an interview that "Hamas' 'hudna' is not significantly different from Sharon's 'long-term interim agreement." Similarly, Daniel Levy, a senior Israeli official for the Geneva Initiative (GI), informed me that certain

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Despite its Sunni Islamist ideology, Hamas has been flexible and pragmatic in its foreign policy, moderating and toning down its religious rhetoric when expedient; it has developed strong ties with Iran, and has also established relations with constitutionally secular states such as Syria and Russia.

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The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades groups its fighters in 4–5 man cells, which in turn are integrated into companies and battalions. Unlike the political section, which is split between an internal and external structure, the Brigades are under a local Palestinian leadership, and disobedience with the

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argues that Hamas grants to people are subject to a rigorous cost-benefit analysis of how beneficiaries will support Hamas, with those linked to terrorist activities receiving more than others. Israel holds the families of suicide bombers accountable and bulldozes their homes, whereas the families of

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area of the tri-border region of Latin America, an area long associated with arms trading, drug trafficking, contraband, the manufacture of counterfeit goods, money-laundering and currency fraud. The State Department adds that confirmatory information of a Hamas operational presence there is lacking.

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About half of Hamas's funding came from states in the Persian Gulf down to the mid-2000s. Saudi Arabia supplied half of the Hamas budget of $ 50 million in the early 2000s, but, under US pressure, began to cut its funding by cracking down on Islamic charities and private donor transfers to Hamas

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By 2011, Hamas's budget, calculated to be roughly US$ 70 million, derived even more substantially (85%) from foreign, rather than internal Palestinian, sources. Only two Israeli-Palestinian sources figure in a list seized in 2004, while the other contributors were donor bodies located in Jordan,

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Hamas, like its predecessor the Muslim Brotherhood, assumed the administration of Gaza's waqf properties, endowments which extend over 10% of all real estate in the Gaza Strip, with 2,000 acres of agricultural land held in religious trusts, together with numerous shops, rentable apartments and public

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head covering on women. The government's "Islamic Endowment Ministry" has deployed Virtue Committee members to warn citizens of the dangers of immodest dress, card playing, and dating. There are no government laws imposing dress and other moral standards, and the Hamas education ministry reversed one

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Currently, freedom of movement and access for Palestinians within the West Bank is the exception rather than the norm contrary to the commitments undertaken in a number of Agreements between GOI and the PA. In particular, both the Oslo Accords and the Road Map were based on the principle that normal

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In Clausewitz's classic elaboration, validated over more than two centuries, all the ingredients are present: war in the service of political objectives, passion (Islamic imperialism), reason (adequacy of means to ends, without any limitation in the terrorist case) , and the opportunity (expanded to

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on the other hand claims that Hamas's welfare institutions act as a mere façade or front for the financing of terrorism, and dismisses the idea of two wings as a 'myth'. He cites Ahmad Yassin stating in 1998: "We can not separate the wing from the body. If we do so, the body will not be able to fly.

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Hamas enjoyed close relations with Saudi Arabia in its early years. Saudi Arabia funded most of its operations from 2000 to 2004, but reduced its support due to US pressure. In 2020, many Hamas members in Saudi Arabia were arrested. In 2022, Saudi Arabia began releasing Hamas members from prison. In

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outlawed the Muslim Brotherhood and destroyed the tunnels Hamas built into Egypt. In 2015, Egypt declared Hamas a terrorist organization. But this decision was overturned by Egypt in June of the same year. There was a rapprochement between Hamas and Egypt, when a Hamas delegation visited Cairo on 12

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According to one report, commenting on the 2014 conflict, "nearly all the 2,500–3,000 rockets and mortars Hamas has fired at Israel since the start of the war seem to have been aimed at towns", including an attack on "a kibbutz collective farm close to the Gaza border", in which an Israeli child was

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In 2017, the PA government imposed its own sanctions against Gaza, including, among other things, cutting off salaries to thousands of PA employees, as well as financial assistance to hundreds of families in the Gaza Strip. The PA initially said it would stop paying for the electricity and fuel that

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office – in contradiction with Haniyeh's proclamation from November 2023 – repeated his stance from 1 May 2017: a (preliminary) Palestinian state "on the 1967 borders", that is "21 per cent of Palestine", would be accepted by Hamas but not as the permanent "two-state solution" which "The West" since

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and to Israel's leaders, asking to be recognized and offering a long-term truce and the establishment of a border on the lines of 1967. No response came. Haniyeh's proposal reportedly was a fifty-year armistice with Israel, if a Palestinian state is created along the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem

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Speaking in reference to Qatar's support for Hamas, during a 2015 visit to Palestine, Qatari official Mohammad al-Emadi, said Qatar is using the money not to help Hamas but rather the Palestinian people as a whole. He acknowledges that giving to the Palestinian people means using Hamas as the local

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In 2012, Qatar's former Emir, Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, became the first head of state to visit Gaza under Hamas rule. He pledged to raise $ 400 million for reconstruction. Sources say that advocating for Hamas is politically beneficial to Turkey and Qatar because the Palestinian cause draws

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A poll conducted in 2021 found that 53% of Palestinians believed Hamas was "most deserving of representing and leading the Palestinian people". Only 14% preferred Abbas's Fatah party. At the same time, a majority of Gazans also saw Hamas as corrupt, but were frightened to criticize the group. Polls

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in July 2017. Japan and New Zealand have designated the military wing of Hamas as a terrorist organization. The organization is banned in Jordan. In late February 2024, New Zealand re-designated the entire Hamas organization as a terror entity. In September 2024, Switzerland approved a draft law on

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Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups have launched thousands of rockets into Israel since 2001, killing 15 civilians, wounding many more, and posing an ongoing threat to the nearly 800,000 Israeli civilians who live and work in the weapons' range. Hamas officials have said that the rockets were

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Israel supplies to the Gaza Strip, but after a year partially backtracked. The Israeli government has allowed millions of dollars from Qatar to be funneled on a regular basis through Israel to Hamas, to replace the millions of dollars the PA had stopped transferring to Hamas. Israeli Prime Minister

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The 1988 Hamas charter proclaims that jihad against Jews is required until Judgement Day. The "governing" 1988 charter of Hamas was said, in 2018, to "openly dedicate(s) Hamas to genocide against the Jewish people", referring to the Hamas 1988 charter, article 7. More authors have characterized the

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In 1989, during the First Intifada, a small number of Hamas followers campaigned for polygamy, and also insisted women stay at home and be segregated from men. In the course of this campaign, women who chose not to wear the hijab were verbally and physically harassed, with the result that the hijab

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branch in West Bank or the Hamas branch in Gaza), Hamas forswore the use of violence against Israel ("ceasefire", an Israeli news website called it), followed by a few weeks without violence between Hamas and Israel. But violence between Israel and Palestinian militant groups, in the Gaza Strip and

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Melbourne University Press 2012, p. 219. Statement of Mashal in May 2010: 'If Israel withdraws to the borders of 1967, it doesn't mean that it gives us back all the land of the Palestinians. But we do consider this as an acceptable solution to have a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967... the

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and viewed the uprising as an Islamic way of fighting the Occupation. The organisation's leaders argued that Islam gave the Palestinian people the power to confront Israel and described the Intifada as the return of the masses to Islam. Since its inception, Hamas has tried to reconcile nationalism

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Hamas has always maintained leadership abroad. The movement is deliberately fragmented to ensure that Israel cannot kill its top political and military leaders. Hamas used to be strongly allied with both Iran and Syria. Iran gave Hamas an estimated $ 13–15 million in 2011 as well as access to

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According to its official stipulations, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades' military operations are to be restricted to operating only inside Palestine, engaging with Israeli soldiers, and in exercising the right of self-defense against armed settlers. They are to avoid civilian targets, to respect

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The exact structure of the organization is unclear as it is shrouded in a veil of secrecy in order to conceal operational activities. Formally, Hamas maintains the wings are separate and independent, but this has been questioned. It has been argued that its wings are both separate and combined for

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as particular examples of violations of the rules of warfare, including the case of Muhammad Swairki, 28, a cook for Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas's presidential guard, who was thrown to his death, with his hands and legs tied, from a 15-story apartment building in Gaza City. Hamas

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The General Security Service, formally part of the Hamas political party, operates akin to a governmental body within Gaza. Under the direct oversight of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar, it conducts extensive surveillance on Palestinians, compiling files on various individuals including journalists and

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to destroy Islam, and that therefore funding should focus on enhancing the Islamic roots of Palestinian society and promoting jihad, which also means zeal for social justice, in the occupied territories. Hamas became particularly fastidious about maintaining separate resourcing for its respective

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The gender ideology outlined in the Hamas charter, the importance of women in the religious-nationalist project of liberation is asserted as no lesser than that of males. Their role was defined primarily as one of manufacturing males and caring for their upbringing and rearing, though the charter

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Whether Hamas would recognize Israel is debated. Hamas leaders have emphasized they do not recognize Israel, but indicate they "have a de facto acceptance of its presence". Hamas's acceptance of the 1967 borders acknowledges the existence of another entity on the other side. Many scholars believe

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According to Tobias Buck, Hamas is "listed as a terrorist organisation by Israel, the US and the EU, but few dare to treat it that way now" and in the Arab and Muslim world it has lost its pariah status and its emissaries are welcomed in capitals of Islamic countries. While Hamas is considered a

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in the Gaza Strip and to a lesser degree the West Bank. It has successfully adapted these techniques over the years since its inception. According to a 2006 report by rival Fatah party, Hamas had smuggled between several hundred and 1,300 tons of advanced rockets, along with other weaponry, into

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Although the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades are an integral part of Hamas, the exact nature of the relationship is hotly debated. They appear to operate at times independently of Hamas, exercising a certain autonomy. Some cells have independent links with the external leadership, enabling them to

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It is true that Hamas and other-Gaza based militants aren't complying with international law themselves. They target Israeli civilians in rocket attacks, commingle military sites and operations with civilian institutions, and, according to some reports, force people to remain in buildings after

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Qatar has been called Hamas' most important financial backer and foreign ally. In 2007, Qatar was, with Turkey, the only country to back Hamas after the group ousted the Palestinian Authority from the Gaza Strip. The relationship between Hamas and Qatar strengthened in 2008 and 2009 when Khaled

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The Palestinian columnist Mohammed Abd Al-Hamid, a resident of Ramallah, wrote that this religious coercion could cause the migration of artists, and said "The religious fanatics in Algeria destroyed every cultural symbol, shattered statues and rare works of art and liquidated intellectuals and

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without recognizing the UK's sovereignty over Northern Ireland. Many scholars maintain that Hamas's goal of establishing a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza is an interim solution, while its long-term goal is a single state in all of mandatory Palestine in which Jews live as citizens.

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When Israel first encountered Islamists in Gaza in the 1970s and '80s, they seemed focused on studying the Quran, not on confrontation with Israel. The Israeli government officially recognized a precursor to Hamas called Mujama Al-Islamiya, registering the group as a charity. It allowed Mujama

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personally requested that Qatar, one of the U.S.'s most important Arab allies, provide a base for the Hamas leadership. At the time, the U.S. were seeking to establish communications with Hamas and believed that a Hamas office in Qatar would be easier to access than a Hamas bureau in Iran, the

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partygoers. Video footage shows children being deliberately killed during the kibbutz attacks, as well as what appears to be an attempt to decapitate a living person using a garden hoe. Forensic teams who have examined bodies of victims said many bodies showed signs of torture as well as rape.

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According to Dr. Harel Horev, historian and researcher of Palestinian affairs at Tel Aviv University, Hamas has used social media to dehumanize Israelis/Jews. According to his research, Hamas took over the most popular accounts on Palestinian networks in a covert manner that did not reveal its

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During the 2023 Gaza war, the IDF published its intelligence about the Hamas military in the Strip. They put the strength of the Qassam Brigades there at the start of the war at 30,000 fighters, organised by area in five brigades, consisting in total of 24 battalions and c. 140 companies. Each

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The 2017 Hamas charter or document—without referring to their own 1988 charter though—denies and rejects the idea that Hamas would "struggle against Jews because they are Jewish": Hamas's "conflict is with the Zionist project not (…) the Jews because they are Jewish". But some sources maintain

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that Hamas is not a terrorist organization but a resistance movement that defends the Palestinian homeland against an occupying power. During that period there were conflicts between Israeli troops and Palestinian protestors in the Gaza Strip, due to the decision of the United States to move

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Hamas published its charter in August 1988, wherein it defined itself as a chapter of the Muslim Brotherhood and its desire to establish "an Islamic state throughout Palestine". The foundational document was written by a single individual and made public without going through the usual prior

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Around 2018, a Hamas finance minister has suggested that a "long-term ceasefire as understood by Hamas and a two-state settlement are the same". Meanwhile, reports are that in the early 2020s, Hamas leaders occasionally still called for the annihilation of the state of Israel. In 2021 Hamas

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Strictly speaking, the Hamas Covenant of 1988 focused its anti-Semitic language on Zionists, for example, describing The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as the blueprint for the Zionist project (Article 32) and accusing the Zionists of aiming to "annihilate Islam" (Article 28). The May 2017

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The most successful radical Sunni Islamist group has been Hamas, which began as a branch of the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine in the early 1980s. It used terrorist attacks against civilians - particularly suicide bombings – to help build a larger movement, going so far as to emerge as the

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The March 2006 Hamas legislative program was further explained on 6 June 2006 by Hamas' MP Riad Mustafa: "Hamas will never recognize Israel", but if a popular Palestinian referendum would endorse a peace agreement including recognition of Israel, "we would of course accept their verdict".

5363:. When the Muslim armies conquered Palestine in the year 638, the Hamas Charter says, the Caliph 'Umar b. al-Khattab decided not to divide the conquered land among the victorious soldiers, but to establish it as a waqf, belonging to the entire Muslim nation until the day of resurrection.' 5340:

party which states that "between the Sea and the Jordan there will only be Israeli sovereignty." One can thus entertain the chilling irony that Hamas owes its cherished slogan to the Zionists. After all, what is "free Palestine from the river to the sea" but a utopian parody of "Greater

2374:

The attempt by Hamas to dictate a cultural code of conduct in the 1980s and early 1990s led to a violent fighting between different Palestinian sectors. Hamas members reportedly burned down stores that stocked videos they deemed indecent and destroyed books they described as "heretical".

2202:, the deputy chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau, said that Hamas are "willing to agree to a truce of five years or more with Israel and that it would lay down its weapons and convert into a political party if an independent Palestinian state is established along pre-1967 borders." 2920:

which lacks any social welfare network, and relies on spectacular terrorist attacks to recruit adherents. In 2007, through funding from Iran, Hamas managed to allocate at a cost of $ 60 million, monthly stipends of $ 100 for 100,000 workers, and a similar sum for 3,000 fishermen

4155:, then the Democratic presidential candidate, said: "If somebody was sending rockets into my house, where my two daughters sleep at night, I'm going to do everything in my power to stop that, and I would expect Israelis to do the same thing." On December 28, 2008, Secretary of State 3316:

From 2000 to 2004, Hamas was responsible for killing nearly 400 Israelis and wounding more than 2,000 in 425 attacks, according to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 2001 through May 2008, Hamas launched more than 3,000 Qassam rockets and 2,500 mortar attacks into Israel.

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Hamas has used both political activities and violence in pursuit of its goals. For example, while politically engaged in the 2006 Palestinian Territories parliamentary election campaign, Hamas stated in its election manifesto that it was prepared to use "armed resistance to end

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Hamas officials find the GI acceptable, but due to the concerns about their Islamically oriented constituency and their own Islamic identity, they would "have to express the final result in terms of a "hudna," or "indefinite" ceasefire," rather than a formal peace agreement."

1888:

view of the Hamas position: "I can recognize the presence of Israel as a fait accompli (amr wâqi') or, as the French say, a de facto recognition, but this does not mean that I recognize Israel as a state". More Hamas leaders, through the years, have made similar statements.

2727:

reasons of internal and external political necessity. Communication between the political and military wings of Hamas is made difficult by the thoroughness of Israeli intelligence surveillance and the existence of an extensive base of informants. After the assassination of

2242:(truce, armistice) proposal from Hamas (a Palestinian state "in the territories of 1967" combined with a long-term truce), this would not imply peace or reconciliation with Israel: Hamas's long-term goal would remain "winning back all of historic Palestine" and create an 4354:

Hamas is not regarded as a terrorist organization by Afghanistan, Algeria, Iran, Russia, Norway, Turkey, China, Egypt, Syria, and Brazil. "Many other states, including Russia, China, Syria, Turkey and Iran consider the (armed) struggle waged by Hamas to be legitimate."

2877:

Hamas developed its social welfare programme by replicating the model established by Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood. For Hamas, charity and the development of one's community are both prescribed by religion and to be understood as forms of resistance. In Islamic tradition,

2984:

To evoke the spirit of Jihad (Resistance) among Palestinians, Arabs, and Muslims; to defend Palestinians and their land against the Zionist occupation and its manifestations; to liberate Palestinians and their land that was usurped by the Zionist occupation forces and

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against Israel. In 2003, according to Stephen Atkins, Hamas resumed suicide bombings in Israel as a retaliatory measure after the failure of peace talks and an Israeli campaign targeting members of the upper echelon of the Hamas leadership. but they are considered as

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Hamas inherited from its predecessor a tripartite structure that consisted in the provision of social services, of religious training and military operations under a Shura Council. Traditionally it had four distinct functions: (a) a charitable social welfare division

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by confining the Palestinian Authority to the West Bank and weakening it, and to demonstrate to the Israeli public and western governments that Israel has no partner for peace. This criticism was leveled by several Israeli officials, including former prime minister

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told the Associated Press in April 2024 that Hamas is willing to agree to a truce of five years or more with Israel and that it would lay down its weapons and convert into a political party if an independent Palestinian state is established along pre-1967 borders.

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Hamas's condemnation of Zionists is antisemitic too. The 2017 charter describes Zionism as the enemy of all Muslims, and a danger to international security, what author J.S. Spoerl in 2020 has disqualified as "hardly (...) a serious repudiation of anti-Semitism".

1976:(thus Hamas' highest leader), again stated that a state "Israel" living next to "a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967" would be acceptable for Hamas – but only if a referendum among "the Palestinian people" would endorse this arrangement. In November 2010, 4490:

Public opinions of Hamas deteriorated after it took control of the Gaza Strip in 2007. Prior to the takeover, 62% of Palestinians had held a favorable view of the group, while a third had negative views. According to a 2014 Pew Research survey just prior to the

4605:

long-range missiles. Hamas's political bureau was once located in the Syrian capital of Damascus before the start of the Syrian civil war. Relations between Hamas, Iran, and Syria began to turn cold when Hamas refused to back the government of Syrian President

4428:

passed a motion stating the need for Hamas to be eliminated, with US President Biden having expressed the same sentiment. Hamas was accused of having committed genocide against Israelis on 7 October 2023 by 240 legal experts, including jurists and academics.

1839:

which supports the quest for a Palestinian state "on all territories occupied in 1967". This document also recognized the PLO as "the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people", and states that "the negotiations" should be conducted by PLO and

4258:

security forces reportedly shoot and torture Palestinians who opposed Hamas rule in Gaza. In one case, a Palestinian had criticized Hamas in a conversation on the street with some friends. Later that day, more than a dozen armed men with black masks and red

7331:, pp. 82: "The Cairo Declaration formalized what Hamas's military disposition throughout the Second Intifada had alluded to: that the movement's immediate political goals were informed by the desire to create a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders." 11360: 2868:

According to U.S. officials, as of 2023 Hamas has an investment portfolio that is worth anywhere from 500 million to US$ 1 billion, including assets in Sudan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Algeria and the United Arab Emirates. Hamas has denied such allegations.

2250:

in which Jews could live as citizens, not "a sovereign Jewish entity"; they warn that Hamas believes, over time they will be strong enough to liberate all historic Palestine. Establishing a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza (as part of a

14609:

2014 pp. 205–06), Japan initially welcomed the democratic character of the elections that brought Hamas to power, and only set conditions on its aid to Palestine, after intense pressure was exerted by the Bush Administration on Japan to alter its

2113:—explained the 7 October attack: "Israel is a country that has no place on our land. We must remove that country because it constitutes a security, military and political catastrophe to the Arab and Islamic nation". "We are called a nation of 2828:. Between 1992 and 2001, this group is said to have provided $ 6.8 million to Palestinian charities of the $ 57 million collected. By 2001, it was alleged to have given Hamas $ 13 million, and was shut down shortly afterwards. 14587:

The lower court had found that the listing was based on media and internet reports rather than decisions by a "competent authority". But the ECJ said such decisions were not required for groups to stay on the list, only for their initial

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faction it had played a core role in creating. In December 1987, the Brotherhood adopted a more nationalist and activist line under the name of Hamas. Hamas was initially discretely supported by Israel as a counter-balance to the secular

2941:

in 2013, Hamas found itself in a financial straitjacket and has since endeavoured to throw the burden of responsibility for public works infrastructure in the Gaza Strip back onto the Palestinian National Authority, but without success.

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made funding difficult, forcing Hamas to rely on religious donations by individuals in the West Bank, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. Funds amounting to tens of millions of dollars raised in the Gulf states were transferred through the

5831:

new allies and a new context of global public opinion)...it is about redefining the map, of the old Islamic imperialist ideal, of the implementation of Sharia, Islamic law, as civil law in new territories and also in the West.

3045:, quote a senior Hamas official as stating: "The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigade is a separate armed military wing, which has its own leaders who do not take their orders from Hamas and do not tell us of their plans in advance." 9738: 20100: 13679: 9569:"Hamas Vows to Honor Palestinian Referendum on Peace with Israel: Islamist Leader Ismail Haniyeh Says He Would Accept a Deal with Israel Based on 1967 Borders and Denies that Gaza has Become a Stronghold for Al-Qaida" 2418:, advisers to Prime Minister Hanieh. Yusuf, the Hamas deputy foreign minister, reflected this goal in an interview with a Turkish newspaper, stating that while foreign public opinion equates Hamas with the Taliban or 2231:

Through all the years of Hamas' existence, authors and scientists like Tibi (1997), N.Faeq and D.Jahnata (2020) and I.Alsoos (2021) have warned – notwithstanding Hamas's rhetoric especially since 2006 about long-term

9765: 9802: 8796: 3313:". Hamas has repeatedly justified its violence by arguing "People under occupation have a right to resist that occupation". Hamas also argues its armed resistance only started after decades of Israeli occupation. 11352: 5931: 15048: 14053: 4764:. Both give Hamas public and financial assistance estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Qatar has transferred more than $ 1.8 billion to Hamas. Shashank Joshi, senior research fellow at the 13861: 11264:

The Hamas Charter not only calls for the militant, perhaps genocidal, liberation of Palestine (e.g., "raise the banner of Allah over every inch of Palestine"), but also demonstrates anti-Semitic, murderous

2006:, agreeing to form a ('national unity') government and appoint the Ministers "in consensus between them", but it contained no remarks about how to confront or deal with Israel. In February 2012, Hamas and 1984:", "the release of Palestinian prisoners", and "Jerusalem as its capital"; and he made the same reservation as Mashal in May 2010 had made, that a Palestinian referendum needed to endorse this arrangement. 19856: 6590: 3264:

The emblems of their political and military wings are is distinctly different. The emblem of Hamas' political wing features Islamic and militaristic motifs. It shows two crossed swords in front of the

2471:

to that by Nazi Germany. The charter also claims all of historical Palestine but promises religious coexistence under Islam's rule. Article 6 states that the movement's aim is to "raise the banner of

3106:

has made a number of controversial comments, including a speech in which he reportedly stated: 'you have Jews everywhere and we must attack every Jew on the globe by way of slaughtering and killing'

2475:

over every inch of Palestine, for under the wing of Islam followers of all religions can coexist in security and safety where their lives, possessions and rights are concerned". The charter rejects a

13524: 11994: 3365:

under international law. In a 2002 report, Human Rights Watch stated that Hamas leaders "should be held accountable" for "war crimes and crimes against humanity" committed by the al-Qassam Brigades.

2117:

and we are proud to sacrifice martyrs". Hamad called the creation of the Jewish state "illogical": "(…) We are the victims of the occupation. Therefore, nobody should blame us for the things we do".

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infrastructure itself was understood, within the Palestinian context, as providing the soil from which a militant opposition to the occupation would flower. In this regard it differs from the rival

2293:

in January 2009 stated: "I tend to think not, though I've noticed over the years a certain plasticity of belief among some Hamas ideologues. Also, this is the Middle East, so anything is possible".

11216: 9576: 2795:

In the first five years of the 1st Intifada, the Gaza economy, 50% of which depended on external sources of income, plummeted by 30–50% as Israel closed its labour market and remittances from the

14273: 8494: 3001:

Down to 2007, the Brigades are estimated to have lost some 800 operatives in conflicts with Israeli forces. The leadership has been consistently undermined by targeted assassinations. Aside from

9519:…. Hamas will respect the results (of a referendum) regardless of whether it differs with its ideology and principles.' (Beinart refers to the original sources of those statements, respectively 6466: 5449: 4472:. Saudi Arabia and the Palestinian Authority were also critical of Israel under Netanyahu allowing suitcases of Qatari money to be given to Hamas, in exchange for maintaining the ceasefire. The 1601:; and stated that Israel rejected this proposal. A Hamas finance minister around 2018 contended that such a "long-term ceasefire as understood by Hamas and a two-state settlement are the same". 19929: 6699: 4096: 19646: 10610:, Hamas's tunnel diplomacy, By Thanassis Cambanis, June 18, 2010. Foreign Affairs. "They want to know if we are more like the Taliban or Erdogan. They will see that we are closer to Erdogan." 6725: 12610: 8923: 7773: 11966: 9963:

2013 p. 49: 'The Hamas platform calls for full Muslim-Palestinian control of the Mediterranean to the Jordan River—the mirror image of Likud's platform for Jewish control of the same land.'

8406: 5990: 15251:"Netanyahu: Money to Hamas Part of Strategy to Keep Palestinians Divided: 'Now that we are supervising, we know it's going to humanitarian causes," the source said, paraphrasing Netanyahu" 13583: 10707: 5014:"As with Islamic political organizations elsewhere, Hamas offers its followers an ideology that appropriates the universal message of Islam for what is, in effect, a nationalist struggle." 21723: 21718: 4521:, Hamas's popularity among Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank increased significantly. Support for Hamas also increased among the people of Jordan. According to the poll conducted by 2283:

As to the question whether Hamas would be capable to enter into a long-term non-aggression treaty with Israel without being disloyal to their understanding of Islamic law and God's word,

2214:

resembles the vision of certain Zionist groups regarding the same territory, as noted by several authors. This may suggest that Hamas's views were inspired by those Zionist perspectives.

7557:

Hamas too would signal a willingness to accept a long-term "hudna" (cessation of hostilities, truce) along the armistice lines of 1948 (an effective acceptance of the two-state formula).

6891: 6527: 5819: 21728: 18649: 11120:

The governing charter of Hamas, "The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement," openly dedicates Hamas to genocide against the Jewish people (…) The Covenant (…) 1988. Articles 7, …

8234: 4913:

and the current situation in Gaza. On 25 October 2023, Erdoğan said that Hamas was not a terrorist organisation but a liberation group fighting to protect Palestinian lands and people.

4651:

The United Arab Emirates has been hostile to Hamas designating the Brotherhood as a terrorist organization and Hamas was at the time viewed as the Brotherhood's Palestinian equivalent.

8455: 2438:

added that despite claims by Hamas leaders that it wants to repeat the Turkish model of Islam, "what is happening on the ground in reality is a replica of the Taliban model of Islam."

10785: 8972: 6436: 1439: 20120: 12838: 7591:, p. 108Hamas's finance minister in Gaza stated that "a long-term ceasefire as understood by Hamas and a two-state settlement are the same. It's just a question of vocabulary." 7115: 1705:) in which "followers of all religions can coexist in security and safety". Practically speaking though, Hamas is at war with Israel's army (later also attacking Israeli civilians) 11330: 9716: 2865:

explained that letting the money go through Israel meant that it could not be used for terrorism, saying: "Now that we are supervising, we know it's going to humanitarian causes."

13597: 11042: 5901: 2074:

being not under Israeli reign) acceptable, Hamas would in that case still not recognise the statehood of Israel and not relinquish their goal of liberating all of Palestine from "

1204:. In terms of foreign policy, Hamas has historically sought out relations with Egypt, Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey; some of its relations have been impacted by the 9983: 9447: 2434:

in October 2007. Both have since been appointed to other prominent positions within the Hamas government. Khaled al-Hroub of the West Bank-based and anti-Hamas Palestinian daily

1836: 1490: 4589:(then foreign minister) visited Saudi Arabia, Syria, Kuwait, Bahrein, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Libya, Algeria, Sudan and Egypt. He met the Saudi foreign minister 1453:, Yahya Sinwar, the leader of Hamas in Gaza, was elected chairman of the group, replacing Haniyeh. Per Hamas officials, he was elected due to his considerable popularity in the 13489: 6192: 2972:

is Hamas' military wing. While the number of members is known only to the Brigades leadership, Israel estimates the Brigades have a core of several hundred members who receive

1541:

two-state solution" in which "Palestine" would only get "21 per cent of ... its land ... this cannot be accepted", claiming "our right in Palestine from the sea to the river".

11251: 8357: 4122: 2430:

in London, how influential this view is within Hamas is uncertain, since both Ahmad Yousef and Ghazi Hamad were dismissed from their posts as advisers to Hamas Prime Minister

1927:

On 19 June 2008, Hamas and Israel agreed to a six-month cease-fire, which Hamas declared finished at 18 December amidst mutual accusations of breaching the agreed conditions.

10027:, 1996 pp. 389–91, cites Binjamin Netanyahu as declaring: 'You say the Bible is not a property deed. But I say the opposite-the Bible is our mandate, the Bible is our deed'. 7273: 5208: 4768:, says that "Qatar also hosts Hamas's political bureau which includes Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal." Meshaal also visits Turkey frequently to meet with Turkish Prime Minister 11145: 3483: 1678:

in which Hamas stated that "Israel" should be "eliminated" through a "clash with the enemies", a "struggle against Zionism" and "conflict with Israel". 'Palestine', that is

13926: 12322: 7912: 3227:

Other powerful internal security bodies in Gaza include Military Intelligence, which focuses on Israel, and the Internal Security Service, an arm of the Interior Ministry.

3037:

bypass the hierarchical command chain and political leadership in Gaza. Ilana Kass and Bard O'Neill, likening Hamas's relationship with the Brigades to the political party

21683: 9792: 8763: 3207:, a new social media strategy was employed in the wake of the October 7 attack: Hamas asserted itself as the dominant resistance force in the Middle East by recording and 2371:

feared that harsh religious laws against music and concerts will be imposed since Hamas group scored political gains in the Palestinian Authority local elections of 2005.

2280:

wrote in 2007 that Hamas's public concessions following the 2006 elections were "window-dressing" and that the organisation would never recognise Israel's right to exist.

1340:, the Brotherhood in Gaza refused to join the resistance boycott against Israel. In the 1980s, it emerged as a powerful political factor, challenging the influence of the 15540: 12027: 8788: 3054:

regional brigade had a number of strongholds and outposts, and included specialised arrays for rocket firing, anti-tank missiles, air defenses, snipers, and engineering.

21768: 21688: 21603: 19073: 6866: 6751: 17628: 13182: 7351:"Hamas accepts Palestinian state with 1967 borders: Khaled Meshaal presents a new document in which Hamas accepts 1967 borders without recognising state of Israel Gaza" 6673: 5923: 5693: 21713: 18488: 10237: 10119: 8271: 4380: 17612: 15382: 15367: 8825: 4218:. The IDF has a difficult, if not impossible, time trying to find hidden weapons caches in Palestinian areas—this is due to the high local support base Hamas enjoys. 14060: 12916: 12513: 12057: 11941: 11901: 11879: 11795: 11766: 11600: 10986: 10952: 10758: 9952: 9551: 9507: 9409: 7044: 2228:, that Hamas' position is that it doesn't recognize Israel's right to exist, but is willing to accept as a compromise a Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders. 13634: 11625: 11575: 11290: 11011: 10910: 10803: 7012: 6810: 6162: 4250:

also reporting instances of torture used by Hamas forces. An Israeli source denied that any of the commanders had been targeted on the basis of human intelligence.

21708: 21698: 21693: 16962: 15250: 14373: 9653: 2891:) obliges the faithful to reach out to others by both proselytising and by charitable works, and typically the latter centre on the mosques which make use of both 1251:

at Israeli cities. Several countries including Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States have designated Hamas as a

4338:

The United States designated Hamas as a terrorist organisation in 1995, as did Canada in November 2002, and the United Kingdom in November 2021. In May 2021, the

21703: 18246: 14620: 13551: 11536: 6784: 4234:

In addition to killing Israeli civilians and armed forces, Hamas has also murdered suspected Palestinian Israel collaborators and Fatah rivals. According to the

14860: 8295: 6580: 5372:'In a 1995 lecture, Sheikh Jamil Hamami, a party to the foundation of Hamas and a senior member of its West Bank leadership, expounded the importance of Hamas' 2128:, if humanitarian corridors would be opened, and aid would be allowed into Gaza, Hamas would be "ready for political negotiations for a two-state solution with 1336:

since the 1950s and gained influence through a network of mosques and various charitable and social organizations. Unlike other Palestinian factions, after the

14981: 6840: 6102: 4792:, to thank Qatar for their "unconditional" support. Qatar then began regularly handing out political, material, humanitarian and charitable support for Hamas. 4140:, statements by Hamas leaders suggest that the purpose of the rocket attacks was indeed to strike civilians and civilian objects. From January 2009, following 2990:

the enemy's humanity by refraining from mutilation, defacement or excessive killing, and to avoid targeting Westerners either in the occupied zones or beyond.

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For Jews, the Holocaust remains a real concern in an age when Hamas, a Palestinian terrorist organization, continues to advocate genocide in its core Charter.

21753: 19198: 14002: 12745: 6616: 5418:"In 2006, Norway explicitly distanced itself from the EU proscription regime, claiming that it was causing problems for its role as a 'neutral facilitator.'" 3672: 1938:

repeated what he had written in June 2006 to U.S. President George W. Bush but with one extra condition: Hamas was willing to accept a Palestinian state "in

1443: 16126: 13701:[לא רק ברעים: המסיבה הנוספת בדרום שמשתתפיה טרם שבו הביתה Not only in Re'im: The participants of the other southern festival who did not come back]. 13520: 11991: 10603: 10436: 9221: 1578:, said that a "hudna" is more than a ceasefire and it "obliges parties to use the period to seek a permanent, non-violent resolution to their differences." 21628: 19184: 18361: 10494: 7890: 6638: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3493: 3488: 3478: 1558: 17488: 11208: 10407: 4478:

reported after the Hamas attack that Netanyahu's policy to treat the Palestinian Authority as a burden and Hamas as an asset had "blown up in our faces".

1105:

by campaigning on promises of a corruption-free government and advocating for resistance as a means to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation. In the

19294: 18255: 17504: 9568: 4972: 1896:, and since then Hamas occasionally fired rockets from the Gaza Strip on Israel, purportedly to retaliate Israeli aggression against the people of Gaza. 12799: 12658: 8478: 8377: 1832:" (truce, armistice) is more than a ceasefire and "obliges parties to use the period to seek a permanent, non-violent resolution to their differences." 13725: 13657: 8429: 6458: 6384: 5439: 4159:

said in a statement: "the United States strongly condemns the repeated rocket and mortar attacks against Israel." On March 2, 2009, Secretary of State

4115: 1395:

After acquiring control of Gaza, Hamas-affiliated and other militias launched rocket attacks upon Israel, which Hamas ceased in June 2008 following an

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so designated Hamas's military wing in 2001 and, under US pressure, designated Hamas in 2003. Hamas challenged this decision, which was upheld by the

1965:

in August 2006: "We would never thwart efforts to create an independent Palestinian state with borders June 4, 1967, with Jerusalem as its capital."

20048: 20036: 19587: 15297: 11064: 10388: 10195: 9359: 2687:). Hamas has both an internal leadership within the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and an external leadership, split between a Gaza group directed by 9891: 6721: 2058:(thus acknowledged as to be highest Hamas leader), declared that, though Hamas considered the establishment of a Palestinian state "on the basis of 21333: 21151: 20177: 19068: 18614: 18609: 18311: 17191: 15745: 15349: 13365: 12600: 10190: 8915: 7765: 6321: 6088: 4502:

with polls reporting that 81 percent of Palestinians felt that Hamas had "won" that war. A June 2021 opinion poll found that 46% of respondents in

3629: 656: 16662:""Listing terrorists"; the impact of proscription on third-party efforts to engage armed groups in peace processes- a practitioner's perspective'" 15068: 8396: 5986: 2266:

suggested that a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders and a truce for many years could be considered Hamas's de facto recognition of Israel.

21349: 20184: 15335: 14186:

B'Tselem – Violations of the human rights of Palestinians by Palestinians – Severe human rights violations in inter-Palestinian clashes

14122: 13573: 11958: 10699: 5387:'Consistent attacks on army units by Hamas activists are as new as the use of anti-tank missiles against civilian homes by the Israeli military.' 3280:. Immediately below the Dome it reads "Palestine" and below that in the green banner: "Islamic Resistance Movement – Hamas". The emblem of their 2825: 1841: 1494: 15897: 14955: 9918: 9865: 6218: 3082:

is a television channel founded by Hamas. The station began broadcasting in the Gaza Strip on January 9, 2006, less than three weeks before the

2386:", i.e. forbidden by Islam. The municipality also ordered that music no longer be played in the Qalqiliya zoo, and mufti Akrameh Sabri issued a 1364:

party. After the elections, conflicts arose between Hamas and Fatah, which they were unable to resolve. In June 2007, Hamas defeated Fatah in a

21748: 20106: 20091: 20085: 19935: 19151: 18481: 18438: 16042: 10648: 10357: 6519: 6301: 6246: 4663:, a sign of improving relations. Haniyeh had long sought to visit Saudi Arabia, and his requests to do so had been long ignored up until then. 13463: 11038: 10674: 8231: 7463:

Even Hamas in 2017 said it was ready to accept a Palestinian state with 1967 borders if it is clear this is the consensus of the Palestinians.

7438: 4704:, all of which reportedly have not had warm relations with Fatah. The cool relationship between Fatah and Kuwait owed to Arafat's support for 21509: 21095: 19510: 19451: 19089: 18644: 18287: 14924: 8447: 4523: 4108: 3624: 3468: 2820:), a 20% stake in Al Aqsa International Bank which served as its financial arm, the Sunuqrut Global Group and al-Ajouli money-changing firm. 2636: 1169: 712: 707: 15718: 14325: 13835: 13437: 10065: 6666:"Hamas arrests Salafi sheikh over alleged Islamic State ties – Radical cleric Adnan Khader Mayat detained on Sunday by Gaza security forces" 6557: 6432: 21139: 15964: 12942: 8964: 6976: 4713: 4286: 4274: 2322: 15028: 14480: 14185: 14015: 12822: 12768: 12399: 11326: 11179: 8133: 7123: 6276: 4262:

took the man from his home, and brought him to a solitary area where they shot him three times in the lower legs and ankles. The man told

3391:, Hamas infiltrated homes, shot civilians en masse, and took scores of Israeli civilians and soldiers as hostages into Gaza. According to 2933:

Until 2007, these activities extended to the West Bank, but, after a PLO crackdown, now continue exclusively in the Gaza Strip. After the

2760: 2304:, stated that “acceptance of the 1967 borders can be interpreted as a de facto acceptance of the preconditions for a two-state solution”. 1664: 21653: 20159: 20079: 18239: 16090: 12183: 9708: 2731:

the political direction of the militant wing was diminished and field commanders were given wider discretional autonomy over operations.

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aimed only at military targets, saying that civilian casualties were the "accidental result" of the weapons' poor quality. According to

2027: 1399:-brokered ceasefire. The ceasefire broke down late in 2008, with each side accusing the other of responsibility. In late December 2008, 21422: 17966: 13546:

Gold, Hadas; Murphy, Paul P.; Salma, Abeer; Dahman, Ibrahim; Khadder, Kareem; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Goodwin, Allegra (8 October 2023).

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militant wing does not include a map or a Palestinian flag, the militant wing emblem is a cartoon drawing of a man holding a gun and a

2360: 2018: 1493:

which supports the quest for a Palestinian state "on all territories occupied in 1967". This document also recognized authority of the

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and Islam. Hamas claims to speak as a nationalist movement but with an Islamic-nationalist rather than a secular nationalist agenda."

2922: 2564: 19880: 18474: 18422: 18406: 17632: 13493: 11921: 10622: 7158: 6188: 6060: 2582:. The charter attributes collective responsibility to Jews, not just Israelis, for various global issues, including both World Wars. 1427: 17575: 15322: 15115: 14295: 11239: 8159: 6925: 2406:

Some Hamas members have stated that the model of Islamic government that Hamas seeks to emulate is that of Turkey under the rule of

21738: 21633: 21122: 19746: 19720: 19145: 18414: 17986: 17313: 15513: 15450: 15414: 14225: 13193: 10158: 7269: 5313: 1130: 12886: 12688: 11133: 4455:, and was criticized for having championed a policy of empowering Hamas in Gaza. This policy was part of a strategy to sabotage a 2956: 1570:'s Jerome Segal suggested that a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders and a truce for many years could be considered Hamas's 21618: 20551: 20204: 19261: 18305: 12306: 9766:""Israël n'a pas sa place sur notre terre" : qui est Ghazi Hamad, la "voix du Hamas" depuis le massacre du 7 octobre ?" 8755: 7923: 4879: 4825: 4594: 4518: 17588: 15544: 13986: 13331: 12636: 12011: 10779:, p. 6cited Michael Schulz, "Hamas Between Sharia Rule and Demo-Islam", in Ashok Swain, Ramses Amer, Joakim Öjendal (eds.), 9477: 9387: 8669: 8361: 8210: 8184: 4843:

supported Qatar's payments to Hamas for many years, in the hope that it would turn Hamas into an effective counterweight to the

1410:

Israel killing nearly 1,200 Israelis, about two thirds of them civilians. Approximately 250 Israeli civilians and soldiers were

21743: 21678: 20556: 19522: 19468: 19139: 18232: 17806: 14781:

Samuel Feldberg,'Israel and Brazil:An Emerging Power and its Quest for Influence in the Middle East,' in Colin Shindler (ed.),

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As of January 2007, Israeli, American and European news media considered Hamas to be the "dominant political force" within the

1525:. Sinwar and other Hamas leaders still occasionally called for the annihilation of Israel in the early 2020s. Hamas top leader 1400: 1232: 827: 417: 20883: 17518: 15980: 15083: 7996: 6862: 3272:

mosque complex, in Jerusalem. The mosque is framed by two Palestinian flags that feature the two statements that comprise the

21011: 19851: 19778: 19768: 19710: 17981: 17811: 17254: 16574:

From Patriarchy to Empowerment: Women's Participation, Movements, and Rights in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia

16558: 15998: 12527: 11101: 8081: 6747: 6665: 5682: 4676: 3094:, chairman of al-Ribat Communications and Artistic Productions—a Hamas-run company that also produces Hamas's radio station, 3090:, the station promotes terrorist activity and incites hatred of Jews and Israelis. Al-Aqsa TV is headed by the controversial 3083: 1769: 1639:

Graham Usher states that while Hamas does not consider Israel to be legitimate, it has accepted Israel as political reality.

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A two-thirds majority was required for the motion to pass. 87 voted in favour, 58 against, 32 abstained and 16 did not vote.

3325: 1865:, said: "We have no problem with a sovereign Palestinian state over all our lands within the 1967 borders, living in calm." 21733: 19505: 18443: 18194: 17182: 8821: 5961: 5874: 4871: 4510:. A March/April 2023 poll found that 60% of Jordanians viewed Hamas firing rockets at Israel at least somewhat positively. 4246:, Hamas executed at least 23 accused collaborators after three of its commanders were assassinated by Israeli forces, with 4229: 3437: 3429: 2259: 1804: 1353:. During the 1990s and early 2000s, the organization conducted numerous suicide bombings and other attacks against Israel. 1248: 15602: 14851: 13241: 12912: 12049: 10019: 9417: 7504: 7048: 6496: 4569: 3399:

under international humanitarian law. During its October 2023 offensive against Israel, Hamas massacred 364 people at the

3341:

hotel on March 27, 2002, in which 30 people were killed and 140 were wounded. The attack has also been referred to as the

2410:. The foremost members to distance Hamas from the practices of the Taliban and to publicly support the Erdoğan model were 20016: 19641: 14566:

Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini on the decision to appeal the Judgment regarding Hamas

13899: 13624: 11279: 6966: 6806: 6154: 5656: 4398: 3617: 2917: 2854: 2812: 2605: 2458: 1411: 1252: 1216: 884: 34: 15262: 14169: 10886: 10553: 9645: 6433:"Houthis, Hamas merge diplomacy around prisoner releases – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East" 6136: 3403:, while abucting others. During the same offensive, it also was reported that Hamas had massacred the population of the 1872:, stressing "the importance of national unity as basis for (…) confronting the occupation" and "activate and reform the 21658: 20325: 20241: 19764: 19742: 18639: 18398: 18377: 18073: 17790: 17235: 17199: 17171: 17150: 17087: 17059: 17035: 17012: 16991: 16970: 16943: 16922: 16892: 16868: 16844: 16823: 16798: 16773: 16748: 16723: 16696: 16673: 16650: 16627: 16602: 16581: 16501: 16480: 16459: 16438: 16362: 16337: 16314: 16290: 16269: 16241: 16216: 16191: 16168: 15848: 13922: 13267: 13050: 12998: 10832: 9267: 4734:, called for an uprising against Assad's regime in Syria, Mahmoud Al-Zahar maintained that taking sides would harm the 3877: 2398:

artists, reporters and authors, ballet dancers and singers—are we going to imitate the Algerian and Afghani examples?"

1585:

members of parliaments, Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh re-stated that Hamas was willing to accept a Palestinian state "in

1161: 20937: 12860: 6774: 4531:

participants expressed a positive view of Hamas, 95% of Saudis did not believe that Hamas had killed civilians in its

2339:

Since Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, some of its members have attempted to impose Islamic dress or the

2332:

was being worn 'just to avoid problems on the streets'. The harassment dropped drastically when, after 18 months, the

1876:", but without further details about how to confront or deal with Israel. At the time of signing that 2007 agreement, 21613: 21577: 21427: 21341: 21175: 20501: 20493: 19619: 19529: 18573: 17951: 17831: 17129: 17110: 16401: 15396: 15008: 13784: 13313: 12380: 11532: 10031:

at the time charged that "Bibi Netyanyahu is a Hamas collaborator. ... Hamas and Likud have the same political goal.'

9768:['Israel has no place on our land': who is Ghazi Hamad, the 'voice of Hamas' since the October 7 massacre?]. 8306: 8108: 7977: 7746: 7083: 5741: 5214: 5162: 4716:. This rapproachment is in part due to Hamas's policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of Arab countries. 4514: 4089: 3172: 2550: 1873: 14669: 14247: 12601:"Gallant: Hamas has lost control in Gaza; gunmen who fired from hospital entrance killed | The Times of Israel" 6832: 5359:'The second major component in Palestine's sanctity, according to Hamas, is its designation as a waqf by the Caliph 5106:

Israel and South Korea allege that North Korea supplies Hamas with weaponry. North Korea has denied the allegations.

1446:, killing 36,000 Palestinians, 52% of them women and children (as of May 2024) according to a UN-endorsed estimate. 1172:

that supported a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders without recognizing Israel. Hamas's repeated offers of a

21381: 21289: 20194: 20073: 19998: 19796: 19784: 19774: 19658: 19390: 18497: 17996: 15663: 14151:

Alleged Palestinian Collaborators with Israel and Their Families: A Study of Victims of Internal Political Violence

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After winning the Palestinian elections, Hamas leaders made multi-national diplomatic tours abroad. In April 2006,

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On October 7, 2023, Hamas claimed responsibility for a barrage of missile attacks originating from the Gaza Strip.

3400: 3380: 3337:

Hamas have committed massacres targeting Israeli civilians. Hamas's most deadly suicide bombing was an attack on a

1212: 1138: 859: 14153:. Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. pp. 18–19. 13547: 13136:'Logo of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas).' 12729: 12290:'Logo of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas).' 10428: 9619: 8255: 6612: 6349: 4893:

met with Turkish President Erdoğan. On 26 July 2023, Haniyeh met with Erdoğan and Palestinian Authority President

21663: 21643: 21623: 21483: 21185: 20561: 19992: 19629: 19579: 19535: 19476: 18296: 18263: 18199: 18001: 17946: 17672: 16261: 15999:"Qatar sent millions to Gaza for years – with Israel's backing. Here's what we know about the controversial deal" 14503: 11240:"Why the Combination of Universal Jurisdiction and Polical Lawfare Will Destroy the Sacred Sovereignty of States" 10600: 10461: 9241: 4773: 4765: 4532: 4339: 3929: 3500: 3412: 2700: 2517: 2184: 2091: 1869: 1450: 1415: 1236: 1165: 1146: 1102: 369: 15276: 10491: 6550:"الجبهة الشعبية: قرار الإدارة الأمريكية بتوفير الدعم للكيان هدفه تطويق النتائج الاستراتيجية لمعركة طوفان الأقصى" 5097:

Hamas possesses a large stockpile of Chinese-produced weaponry. China has denied allegations that it arms Hamas.

5085: 5068: 2934: 2616:, the founder of Hamas, has said in a 1988 interview—apparently reacting on accusations that 'Hamas hate Jews': 1912:, the recognized Hamas leader since 2004. Mashal said to Carter, Hamas would "accept a Palestinian state on the 21763: 21524: 20546: 20449: 20299: 19917: 18624: 15931: 14381: 13425: 12972: 10404: 10094: 7552: 6380: 4645: 4632:

Egypt has occasionally served as mediator between Hamas and Fatah, seeking to unify the two factions. In 2017,

4359:

terrorist group by several governments and some academics, others regard Hamas as a complex organization, with

4253:

Frequent killings of unarmed people have also occurred during Hamas-Fatah clashes. NGOs have cited a number of

3395:, the deliberate targeting of civilians, indiscriminate attacks, and taking of civilians as hostages amount to 2011: 1862: 1796: 1605: 1114: 687: 349: 15141: 10755:

A Social Psychology Perspective on The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Celebrating the Legacy of Daniel Bar-Tal,

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branches of activity—military, political and social services. It has had a holding company in East Jerusalem (

2164:", which Hamas will not give up, therefore Hamas will not recognise the legitimacy of "the usurping entity ". 21758: 20068: 19706: 19625: 18654: 18320: 17916: 15950: 15383:"New Public Opinion Poll: Jordanians Favor De-escalation in the Region, But Sentiment Against Israel Remains" 15167: 14199: 12791: 11763:

Power, National Security, and Transformational Global Events: Challenges Confronting America, China, and Iran

9516: 8374: 6407: 4629:. Hamas denied Egypt's request to deploy its own militants in the Sinai leading to tensions between the two. 4499: 4492: 4402: 4376: 4308: 3820: 3634: 2969: 2951: 1981: 1757: 1505:, presented a new Charter, in which Hamas accepted the establishment of a Palestinian state "on the basis of 1157: 1156:

that would replace Israel, Hamas began acquiescing to 1967 borders in the agreements it signed with Fatah in

874: 725: 276: 19371: 13438:"Indiscriminate Fire, Palestinian Rocket Attacks on Israel and Israeli Artillery Shelling in the Gaza Strip" 7913:"Movement and Access Restrictions in the West Bank: Uncertainty and Inefficiency in the Palestinian Economy" 6376: 6122: 3420:

Testimonies from witnesses to acts of gang rapes committed by Hamas militants were collected by the police.

1566:

as its capital. A Hamas official added that the armistice would renew automatically each time. In mid-2006,

1125:. Egypt began its blockade of Gaza in 2007. This was followed by multiple wars with Israel, including those 21572: 20960: 19790: 19714: 18634: 18604: 18393: 18385: 18353: 17578: 17436: 17368: 17275: 16520: 13413: 11396: 10385: 10268: 8543: 7388: 5793: 5321: 4689:

supplies Hamas with weaponry. Ali Barakeh, a Hamas official living in Lebanon, claimed the two are allies.

3941: 3658: 3310: 2480: 1980:, also proposed a Palestinian state on 1967 borders, though added three further conditions: "resolution of 1954: 1845: 1419: 1086: 1068: 644: 283: 219: 114: 10181: 5041:"Hamas is primarily a religious movement whose nationalist worldview is shaped by its religious ideology." 2094:, Hamas and associates murdered 767 civilians and killed a further 376 security personnel of the state of 21673: 21648: 21161: 20734: 20481: 20476: 19864: 19702: 19517: 19463: 19331: 17971: 17304:

Gunning, Jeroen (March 2004). "Peace with Hamas? The Transforming Potential of Political Participation".

16815: 16072: 15224: 14578: 14520: 13598:"Death count from Re'im music festival massacre reportedly updated to 364 — a third of Oct. 7 fatalities" 13361: 12302: 12262: 10658:. June 21, 2006. "Mr. Sawaf's West Bank office in Ramallah has been destroyed, and the Palestinian paper 9356: 6696:"El gobierno argentino incluirá al grupo Hamás en la lista de organizaciones terroristas – frente a Cano" 4902: 4191: 3903: 3388: 3203:

Hamas has traditionally presented itself as a voice of suffering of the Palestinian people. According to

1943: 1598: 1244: 1240: 1064: 251: 41: 14425: 8621:"Hamas names Oct. 7 architect Yahya Sinwar new political leader. What does it mean for ceasefire talks?" 4675:, has accused Russia of supporting Hamas by supplying the group with stolen Ukrainian weaponry, and the 2014:, agreeing (again) to form an interim national consensus government, which (again) did not materialize. 21545: 21514: 20945: 20531: 20004: 19980: 19947: 19923: 19555: 19457: 18568: 18161: 18129: 18063: 16385: 16208: 12662: 11019: 9825: 9521: 4785: 4720:

stated that Hamas does not "play the game" of siding with one Arab nation against another (e.g. in the

4564: 3681: 3653: 3154: 3143: 2808: 2688: 2586: 2318: 1477:

Hamas' policy towards Israel has evolved. Historically, Hamas envisioned a Palestinian state on all of

1423: 1356:

In the Palestinian legislative election of January 2006, Hamas gained a large majority of seats in the

1122: 14016:"'We are at war': Palestinian militants launch new military operation, Israel strikes targets in Gaza" 9919:"Hamas official says group would lay down its arms if an independent Palestinian state is established" 9866:"Hamas official says group would lay down its arms if an independent Palestinian state is established" 9739:"Hamas Actually Believed It Would Conquer Israel. In Preparation, It Divided the Country Into Cantons" 2759:) that makes decisions for Hamas. Representatives come from Gaza, the West Bank, leaders in exile and 21638: 21608: 21026: 20372: 19905: 19698: 19567: 19280: 19179: 18978: 18629: 18155: 18145: 18140: 17961: 17926: 17733: 16233: 13031: 12519: 11569:

A. Hovdenak, "Hamas in Transition:The Failure of Sanctions", in Michelle Pace, Peter Seeberg (eds.),

10752:

Ronni Shaked, 'Ethos of Conflict of the Palestinian Society,' in Keren Sharvit, Eran Halperin (eds.)

10645: 6277:"Lawsuit accuses Iran, Syria and North Korea of providing support for Hamas' Oct. 7 attack on Israel" 5845: 4982: 4910: 4751: 4452: 4443: 4347: 4243: 3924: 3810: 2161: 1389: 1176:(for a period of 10–100 years) based on the 1967 borders are seen by many as being consistent with a 700: 16050: 15765: 14724:

Alethia H. Cook, "The Subtle Impact of Iran on the Flotilla Incident", in Thomas E. Copeland (ed.),

13467: 10361: 7184: 6459:"Hamas awards 'Shield of Honor' to Houthi representative in Yemen, sparking outrage in Saudi Arabia" 4487:

conducted in September 2023 found that support for Hamas among Palestinians stood at around 27–31%.

1365: 1180:, while others state that Hamas retains the long-term objective of establishing one state in former 21668: 21402: 21016: 20576: 20536: 20199: 19875: 19730: 19679: 19652: 19337: 18150: 17976: 17956: 17721: 17079: 16790: 15997:

Elbagir, Nima; Arvanitidis, Barbara; Platt, Alex; Razek, Raja; Ebrahim, Nadeen (11 December 2023).

15049:"Deadly Hamas Rampage Constitutes 'International Crime of Genocide,' Hundreds of Legal Experts Say" 13811:"The Scope of Hamas' Campaign of Rape Against Israeli Women Is Revealed, Testimony After Testimony" 13305: 9298: 8995: 8881: 6223: 5119:

and social media platforms to promote Hamas. Allegations that Russia arms Hamas remain unconfirmed.

4967: 4883: 4863: 4747: 4174: 3707: 3505: 2657: 2427: 1126: 869: 864: 82: 17603: 15868: 13441: 12711: 10671: 10062: 4772:. Erdogan has dedicated himself to breaking Hamas out of its political and economic seclusion. On 2993: 2351:

canceled its annual marathon in Gaza after Hamas prohibited women from participating in the race.

20659: 20571: 20566: 20526: 20456: 19402: 18553: 17750: 14507: 14081: 13271: 9960: 7969: 7401: 7153: 6549: 5733:

The Palestinian Hamas: vision, violence, and coexistence ; [with a new introduction]

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warned that "There are Taliban-type elements in our society, and this is a very dangerous sign."

2270: 1781: 1773: 1732: 1671: 1660: 1373: 1197: 1054: 292: 20684: 17073: 12938: 12760: 9712: 9104: 4769: 4297:

left at least 13 people dead, including Moussa and six Hamas fighters, and 120 people injured.

2407: 21100: 20814: 20739: 20596: 20506: 20444: 20262: 20234: 19968: 19964: 19573: 19559: 19445: 19305: 18369: 18094: 17402: 16685:"Non-State Actors: A Comparative Analysis of Change and Development Within Hamas and Hezbollah" 14677: 12692: 11171: 9793:"Hamas official says group will repeat Oct. 7 attack 'twice and three times' to destroy Israel" 9146:"The Charter of the HAMAS (1988) (full text, translated at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem)" 8789:"Haniyeh says Hamas ready for negotiations on a two-state solution if Israel stops war on Gaza" 8130: 7984:

Hamas cynically abuses its own civilian population and their suffering for propaganda purposes.

7614:"From jihad to resistance: the evolution of Hamas's discourse in the framework of mobilization" 5277: 5232: 4875: 4784:

Meshaal was invited to attend the Doha Summit where he was seated next to the then Qatari Emir

4294: 4270: 4016: 3342: 3192: 3087: 2575: 2521: 2382:

was suddenly banned by the Hamas-led municipality, for the reason that such an event would be "

1567: 1357: 1043: 422: 303: 27: 17225: 17161: 17023: 16981: 16954: 16906: 16809: 16759: 16684: 16661: 16638: 16613: 16592: 16491: 16449: 16280: 16255: 16202: 16179: 16154: 15397:"Israel's Assault on Gaza Is Making Hamas More Popular and Destroying Hope for a Future Peace" 14885: 14782: 14740: 14602:

Japan and the War on Terror: Military Force and Political Pressure in the US-Japanese Alliance

14600: 14565: 14403: 13215: 13085: 12533: 12200: 12178: 11938: 11896: 11874: 11790: 11761: 11595: 10981: 10947: 10780: 10753: 9947: 9546: 9502: 6030: 4909:, Turkey. On 21 October 2023, Haniyeh spoke with Erdoğan about the latest developments in the 2925:

on fishing offshore, plus grants totalling $ 45 million to detainees and their families.

2160:

a long time envisions and promotes; "our Palestinian project" remains "our right in Palestine

21540: 21417: 21203: 20669: 20466: 19583: 19327: 19013: 18588: 18528: 18340: 17726: 17140: 17102: 17002: 16882: 16834: 16734: 16707: 16569: 16470: 16428: 16373: 16348: 15368:"Recent Saudi Poll: Increased Support for Moderate Islam, Hamas, and Ties with Arab Partners" 14904: 14767: 14725: 14642: 14497: 13971: 13101:"Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. The military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)" 12255:"Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. The military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)" 11836: 11642: 11620: 11570: 11091: 11006: 10927: 10905: 10800: 10516:"Battling over the public sphere: Islamic reactions to the music of today". Jonas Otterbeck. 9678: 8479:"Evidence points to systematic use of rape and sexual violence by Hamas in 7 October attacks" 7743:

National and International Civilian Protection Strategies in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

6281: 5002: 4977: 4844: 4301: 4247: 4199: 3934: 3641: 3042: 3026: 2850: 2728: 1619: 1201: 1106: 412: 192: 159: 17637: 16933: 16325: 14032: 8333: 5865:

Honig-Parnass, Tikva; Haddad, Toufic (2007). "10: Expanding Regionally, Resisting Locally".

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in November 2023 vaguely suggested that Hamas was willing and "ready" for "negotiations for

21442: 21412: 21218: 21213: 20975: 20729: 20601: 20113: 20010: 19941: 19800: 19758: 19724: 19664: 19635: 19415: 19409: 19192: 19131: 19126: 19107: 19003: 18117: 18006: 17400:(January 1998). "The Islamization of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Case of Hamas". 16811:

The Deadly Embrace: The Impact of Israeli and Palestinian Rejectionism on the Peace Process

16023: 14466: 14452: 14421: 10576: 10182:"'Hamas' Military Wing in the Gaza Strip: Development, Patterns of Activity, and Forecast'" 8279: 7886: 5336:

as imagined by the first Zionists. The notion was enshrined in the founding charter of the

4795: 4621: 4178:

Hamas anti-tank rockets, captured by Israel Defense Forces during Operation Protective Edge

3289: 2796: 2255:

deal) would only be Hamas's interim solution, during which Israel would not be recognized.

2156: 2125: 2099: 1753:

could be renewed, even for longer periods, but would never signal a recognition of Israel.

1431: 1192:, Hamas's 2017 charter removed the antisemitic language and said Hamas's struggle was with 1142: 785: 20714: 15719:"Evidence shows Hamas militants likely used some North Korean weapons in attack on Israel" 14727:

Drawing a Line in the Sea: The Gaza Flotilla Incident and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

13165:(image caption) The logo of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas… 11918: 11748:

Interpal and Development and the Al-Aqsa Charitable Foundation Fund. pp. 146, 154–59.

10619: 2803:. At the 1993 Philadelphia conference, Hamas leaders' statements indicated that they read 2532: 8: 21488: 21373: 20923: 20809: 20330: 20172: 20154: 19309: 19226: 19222: 19218: 19204: 18840: 18101: 17841: 17665: 17535: 17142:

Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right

16541: 16515: 16160: 14803: 14299: 13698: 13629: 13131: 12605: 12285: 9089: 8738: 8156: 7075: 6921: 6585: 6251: 5289: 4626: 4425: 4418: 4141: 3277: 3014: 2961: 2247: 1777: 1702: 1679: 1609: 1522: 1478: 1255:

due to its militant activities and attacks on civilian targets. In 2018, a motion at the

1224: 1181: 1153: 298: 17638:"Hamas threatens attacks on US: Terrorist warns 'Middle East is full of American targets 16666:

Terrorism: Bridging the Gap with Peace and Conflict Studies: Investigating the Crossroad

14784:

The World Powers:Diplomatic Alliances and International Relations Beyond the Middle East

13387:

Saarnivaara, Minn (2008). "Suicide Campaigns as a Strategic Choice: The Case of Hamas".

13242:"Other Jerusalem Realities: The "City of Prayer" in Palestinian Nationalist Imaginaries" 10142: 6408:"Beyond Hamas: Militant and Terrorist Groups Involved in the October 7 Attack on Israel" 6297: 2494:

party platform sought full control of the land, thus denouncing the two-state solution.

2236:, "live as a neighbour" next to Israel, etc. – that, if Israel would accept a so-called 1537:

however in January 2024 cynically slighted "The West" returning to their talking about "

40:

For their military wing, often also referred to as just "Hamas" in Israeli sources, see

21432: 21407: 21365: 21264: 21238: 20896: 20664: 20471: 20320: 20167: 19986: 19870: 19736: 19315: 19298: 19018: 18815: 18182: 18111: 18068: 17871: 17836: 17705: 17701: 17629:

Fatah and Hamas Human Rights Violations in the Palestinian Occupied Territories in 2007

17615: 17453: 17419: 17389: 17385: 17354: 17325: 17292: 16537: 16415: 15668: 14891: 14407: 13949: 13578: 13417: 13362:"Refworld | Erased In A Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians" 12890: 12696: 12053: 11987: 11461: 11285: 10814: 10024: 9051: 8619:

Khadder, Kareem; Lister, Tim; Salman, Abeer; Kourdi, Eyad; John, Tara (6 August 2024).

8451: 7769: 7693: 7635: 7457: 7212: 7189: 6996: 6971: 6354: 5637: 5024: 4866: 4840: 4836: 4640:, letting in cement and fuel in exchange for Hamas committing to better relations with 4613: 4536: 4456: 4448: 4390: 4386: 4372: 4278: 4263: 4137: 3987: 3955: 3392: 3357: 3281: 3091: 3074: 2862: 2712: 2630: 2476: 2468: 2452: 2368: 2301: 2218: 2211: 2047: 1853: 1675: 1466: 1329: 1295: 1291: 1228: 1185: 1177: 1094: 1090: 818: 639: 344: 247: 202: 17558: 13758: 13623:

Morris, Loveday; Piper, Imogen; Sohyun Lee, Joyce; George, Susannah (8 October 2023).

11065:"Have war crimes been committed in Israel and Gaza and what laws govern the conflict?" 6520:"Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired" 4800: 2699:. The Kuwaiti group of Palestinian exiles began to receive extensive funding from the 21519: 21357: 21274: 21269: 21248: 21243: 20970: 20789: 20749: 20724: 20699: 20689: 20632: 20406: 20340: 20227: 19286: 19244: 19112: 18810: 18659: 17780: 17321: 17250: 17231: 17195: 17167: 17146: 17125: 17106: 17083: 17055: 17031: 17008: 16987: 16966: 16939: 16918: 16888: 16864: 16858: 16840: 16819: 16794: 16769: 16744: 16719: 16692: 16669: 16646: 16623: 16598: 16577: 16554: 16511: 16497: 16476: 16455: 16434: 16430:

Women in Modern Terrorism: From Liberation Wars to Global Jihad and the Islamic State

16419: 16407: 16397: 16358: 16333: 16310: 16286: 16265: 16237: 16212: 16187: 16164: 15905: 15853: 15069:"Hamas actions are war crimes, could constitute genocide – international law experts" 14881: 14699: 14350: 13983: 13733: 13680:"10 Percent of Kibbutz Population Found Dead After Hamas Massacre in Southern Israel" 13421: 13328: 13309: 13104: 13006: 12830: 12737: 12632: 12523: 12376: 12314: 12258: 12019: 11453: 11097: 10828: 10818: 10150: 10090: 9835: 9469: 9379: 9124: 9055: 9003: 8664: 8486: 8206: 8180: 8104: 8077: 7973: 7697: 7685: 7639: 7500: 7220: 7079: 7004: 6988: 5870: 5770: 5737: 5629: 5332:

The notion of "Palestine from the river to the sea" is nothing but the boundaries of

4855: 4848: 4735: 4620:, Hamas had the support of Egypt. After Morsi was removed from office, his successor 4410: 4254: 4183: 3018: 2973: 2845: 2804: 2768: 2192: 2124:, incumbent highest Hamas leader, stated that if Israel agreed to a ceasefire in the 1877: 1687: 1486: 1462: 1407: 17583: 17474: 15746:"Hamas official says North Korea is ally, insinuates it could one day target the US" 9178: 7147: 4776:, Erdogan said in 2012 that "I don't see Hamas as a terror organization. Hamas is a 3253:, an Islamic statement of faith, in white calligraphic script: "There is no god but 1772:, Hamas published its government program in which Hamas claimed sovereignty for the 21473: 21180: 20901: 20794: 20606: 20355: 20350: 20335: 20189: 20042: 19563: 19541: 19377: 19238: 18948: 18913: 18860: 18745: 18187: 18166: 17848: 17691: 17592: 17509: 17445: 17411: 17377: 17346: 17317: 17284: 17069: 16529: 16389: 15977: 14956:"European Parliament calls for Hamas to be 'eliminated,' urges release of hostages" 14521:"Qualification of Hamas as a Terrorist Organization by the OAS General Secretariat" 14127: 13521:"Israeli hostage crisis in Hamas-ruled Gaza becomes a political trap for Netanyahu" 13396: 12965:"קולקטיבינדואליזם: הדור הפלסטיני הצעיר בין אינדיבידואליזם לקולקטיביזם והאתגר לחמאס" 11838:

Foreign Policy in Iran and Saudi Arabia: Economics and Diplomacy in the Middle East

11204: 10700:"Turkey's Erdogan says Hamas is not terrorist organisation, cancels trip to Israel" 10538: 10521: 9233: 9116: 9041: 8852: 7675: 7625: 7496: 7452: 6980: 5774: 5621: 5179: 5173: 5136: 5051: 4962: 4952: 4930: 4717: 4586: 4406: 4282: 4235: 4195: 4156: 3300:

mosque, but the building is more stylised than it is in the political wing emblem.

3293: 3265: 2776: 2594: 2290: 2173: 1319: 323: 187: 7630: 7613: 6639:"What Effect ISIS' Declaration Of War Against Hamas Could Have In The Middle East" 6581:"IDF says it killed head of military wing of Gaza's Popular Resistance Committees" 2837: 21550: 21493: 21223: 21208: 21132: 21076: 20965: 20833: 20694: 20679: 20541: 20461: 20292: 20287: 19549: 19490: 19382: 19290: 18993: 18963: 18953: 18918: 18888: 18750: 18455: 18224: 17896: 17711: 17599:

The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) (includes interpretation)

17163:

Mythologies Without End: The US, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1917–2020

17049: 16784: 16619: 16393: 16304: 16227: 15984: 15750: 15073: 14173: 13990: 13658:"Bodies of residents and militants lie in the grounds of ravaged Israeli kibbutz" 13335: 13158: 13127:شعار كتائب عز الدين القسام الجناح العسكري لحركة المقاومة الإسلامية حماس (الجزيرة) 13122: 12281:شعار كتائب عز الدين القسام الجناح العسكري لحركة المقاومة الإسلامية حماس (الجزيرة) 12276: 12187: 11998: 11945: 11925: 11905: 11883: 11845: 11799: 11770: 11629: 11604: 11579: 11390: 11015: 10990: 10983:

Our Sisters' Promised Land: Women, Politics, and Israeli-Palestinian Coexistence,

10956: 10934: 10914: 10822: 10807: 10789: 10762: 10678: 10652: 10626: 10607: 10583: 10557: 10498: 10411: 10392: 10241: 10211:

However, once Hamas became the dominant political force in Palestinian society...

10069: 9956: 9797: 9555: 9511: 9363: 9145: 8859: 8673: 8594: 8381: 8340: 8275: 8238: 8163: 8137: 8098: 7045:

Director of National Intelligence#Office of the Director of National Intelligence

5731: 5268: 5247: 5223: 5130: 4944: 4777: 4606: 4474: 4160: 3690: 3235: 3204: 2772: 2740: 2716: 2391: 2199: 2168: 1275: 1034: 682: 107: 97: 71: 17205: 15834: 15692:"Wagner Trained Hamas Militants for Attack on Israel, Ukrainian Partisans Claim" 13574:"Israel/Palestine: Devastating Civilian Toll as Parties Flout Legal Obligations" 11383: 5957: 3150: 2390:

affirming the municipality decision. In response, the Palestinian national poet

1418:(as part of a prisoner swap). Hamas said its attack was in response to Israel's 1121:

significantly intensified existing movement restrictions and imposed a complete

21598: 21437: 21294: 21228: 21105: 20985: 20868: 20764: 20709: 20654: 20591: 20439: 19429: 19396: 19365: 19212: 19028: 18943: 18938: 18855: 18845: 18755: 18664: 18619: 18466: 18215: 17921: 17886: 17760: 17658: 17522: 16878: 16854: 16040: 15849:"Hamas is feeling the pain of Qatar's crisis, and is looking to Egypt for help" 14077: 13464:"Civilians under Assault, Hezbollah's Rocket Attacks on Israel in the 2006 War" 10260: 9314: 9105:"The Democratic Resistance : Hamas , Fatah, and the Palestinian Elections" 7481: 7380: 7034: 6488: 5396: 5333: 5081: 4890: 4789: 4668: 4656: 4637: 4598: 4574: 4343: 4319: 4040: 4004: 3992: 3767: 3700: 3350: 3244: 2926: 2720: 2708: 2297: 2225: 2132:

as the capital of Palestine". Haniyeh also praised the support of movements in

2121: 2071: 1988: 1977: 1950: 1935: 1858: 1800: 1792: 1710: 1623: 1562: 1554: 1526: 1518: 1435: 1256: 1082: 999: 947: 17415: 17122:

The foreign policy of Hamas: ideology, decision making and political supremacy

16533: 16472:

Hamas, Popular Support and War in the Middle East: Insurgency in the Holy Land

16350:

Terrorism, Inc.: The Financing of Terrorism, Insurgency, and Irregular Warfare

14166: 13907: 13885: 13862:"Israeli Police Collect Eyewitness Testimony of Gang Rape During Hamas Attack" 10525: 7270:"The Gaza Strip | The humanitarian impact of 15 years of blockade - June 2022" 5924:"Adviser to Iran's Khamenei expresses support for Palestinian attacks: Report" 4542: 21592: 21447: 21115: 20990: 20911: 20906: 20774: 20759: 20704: 20674: 20586: 20401: 20384: 20345: 19752: 19033: 19023: 19008: 18988: 18983: 18928: 18923: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18835: 18785: 18533: 18038: 17991: 17891: 17865: 17785: 17755: 17716: 17273:

Abu-Amr, Ziad (Summer 1993). "Hamas: A Historical and Political Background".

16251: 15909: 15433:"Gaza War Fallout: Hamas Enjoys "Unprecedented" Rise in Popularity in Jordan" 14929: 14326:"None of alleged Gaza collaborators were Israeli assets, intel official says" 13737: 13010: 12834: 12741: 12318: 12023: 11457: 10550: 10154: 10028: 9839: 9498: 9410:"Tipping Point After years of rocket attacks, Israel finally says, 'Enough!'" 9128: 9120: 9086:

Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East Continuity and Change

9007: 8735:

Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East Continuity and Change

8490: 8430:"Hamas says it has enough Israeli captives to free all Palestinian prisoners" 7689: 7224: 7008: 6992: 5850: 5633: 5317: 5064: 4894: 4617: 4601:

in 2006 visited Egypt, Syria, Kuwait, Iran, Lebanon, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

4590: 4304: 3867: 3836: 3831: 3695: 3369: 3010: 2938: 2704: 2696: 2675:); (b) a military division for procuring weapons and undertaking operations ( 2431: 2152: 2051: 1969: 1909: 1741:(truce, armistice) in return for establishment of a Palestinian state in the 1534: 1498: 1458: 1134: 1012: 841: 798: 197: 129: 17381: 16884:

Negotiating Under Fire: Preserving Peace Talks in the Face of Terror Attacks

13400: 13275: 12969:

Tel Aviv University. The Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African studies

9237: 9046: 9029: 7680: 7663: 6103:"Erdogan defends Hamas, says members are being treated in Turkish hospitals" 5778: 4886:

with connections to the Turkish government) of transferring funds to Hamas.

4636:

visited Cairo for 5 weeks and convinced the Egyptian government to open the

21478: 20918: 20858: 20804: 20784: 20719: 20379: 20367: 19911: 19321: 19043: 19038: 18973: 18968: 18958: 18933: 18908: 18880: 18850: 18825: 18775: 18348: 17901: 17765: 16549:

Gelvin, James L. (2014). "The Palestinian National Movement Comes of Age".

16493:

Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine

16091:"Erdogan hosts PA's Abbas, Hamas head Haniyeh to prepare for détente talks" 15518: 14430: 13302:

Decolonizing Palestine: Hamas between the anticolonial and the postcolonial

12864: 11760:

Marsh E. Burfeindt, 'Rapprochement with Iran', in Thomas A. Johnson (ed.),

11002: 10796: 10587: 10537:"Palestinians Debate Whether Future State Will be Theocracy or Democracy". 10246: 9830: 8448:"Fears of a ground invasion of Gaza grow as Israel vows 'mighty vengeance'" 7840: 7372: 7072:

The Handbook of Collective Violence: Current Developments and Understanding

6779: 5824: 4821: 4808: 4680: 4633: 4578: 4528: 4503: 4469: 4451:

had been Israel's prime minister for most of the two decades preceding the

4152: 4023: 3254: 3208: 3002: 2599: 2590: 2423: 2411: 2285: 2263: 1905: 1825: 1808: 1683: 1575: 1482: 1442:

by Hamas militants, allegations that Hamas has denied. Israel responded by

1376:, while at the same time they were ousted from government positions in the 1189: 313: 163: 152: 133: 119: 87: 13726:"Israel shows footage of Hamas killings 'to counter denial of atrocities'" 12371:(IISS), International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2018). 10021:

Beyond the Promised Land: Jews and Arabs on the Hard Road to a New Israel,

9083: 8732: 6089:"Hamas Chief Meets Turkish President, Considers Move from Qatar to Turkey" 5115:

Ukraine alleges that Russia supplies Hamas with weaponry, and Russia uses

3038: 2490:

Many scholars have pointed out that both the 1988 Hamas's charter and the

1795:, senior political leader of Hamas and at that time Prime Minister of the 21457: 21452: 21233: 21021: 20995: 20769: 20754: 20744: 20622: 19974: 19232: 19120: 18865: 18830: 18820: 18805: 18795: 18780: 18770: 18765: 18730: 18684: 18043: 17881: 17876: 17397: 17366:

Hroub, Khaled (Summer 2006b). "A 'New Hamas' through Its New Documents".

16902: 16740: 16300: 16109:"Report: Hamas chiefs were asked to leave Turkey after October 7 attacks" 14606: 13785:"Israel investigates an elusive, horrific enemy: Rape as a weapon of war" 13359: 11992:"Netanyahu: Money to Hamas Part of Strategy to Keep Palestinians Divided" 11849: 11412:

Hamas according to Hamas: A reading of its Document of General Principles

9295:

Contested Lands: Israel-Palestine, Kashmir, Bosnia, Cyprus, and Sri Lanka

8878:

Contested Lands: Israel-Palestine, Kashmir, Bosnia, Cyprus, and Sri Lanka

8256:"Gaza faces economic disaster if blockade continues, U.N. official warns" 7363:

Sources that believe that Hamas' 2017 charter accepted the 1967 borders:

6947: 6322:"Unverified rumours of Russia arming Hamas persist, as war rages in Gaza" 5116: 4725: 4686: 4394: 4215: 3965: 3946: 3103: 3022: 2691:

from his exile first in Damascus and then in Egypt, and a Kuwaiti group (

2613: 2579: 2415: 2277: 2106: 2059: 1958: 1939: 1917: 1913: 1815: 1728: 1667: 1586: 1506: 1337: 1205: 1109:, Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip from rival Palestinian faction ( 1078: 1057: 973: 605: 337: 148: 18450: 17489:"Hamas Owes Its 'Palestine From the River to the Sea' Slogan to Zionism" 17358: 14887:

Bombs and Ballots: Governance by Islamist Terrorist and Guerrilla Groups

11465: 11441: 9259: 4938: 3375: 21284: 21156: 21144: 20980: 20863: 20779: 20362: 20280: 18800: 18790: 18760: 18740: 18735: 18106: 18089: 17906: 17775: 17770: 17622: 17457: 17423: 17329: 17296: 16983:

The Two-State Delusion: Israel and Palestine – A Tale of Two Narratives

16914: 16127:"Turkey's Erdogan discussed Gaza with Hamas leader – Turkish presidenc" 15116:"For years, Netanyahu propped up Hamas. Now it's blown up in our faces" 12400:

Michel Goya : "Militairement, le Hamas monte en gamme depuis 2010"

9641: 9611: 8570:"Why the U.N. revised the numbers of women and children killed in Gaza" 7940:

Palestinian economic and social life would be unimpeded by restrictions

7919: 7531: 7000: 6326: 6155:"Egyptian army questions Mohamed Morsi over alleged Hamas terror links" 5846:"Hamas Isn't the First to Use Anticolonialism to Mask Authoritarianism" 5641: 5609: 4829: 4461: 4414: 4333: Designated the military wing of Hamas as a terrorist organization 4035: 3999: 3975: 3760: 3712: 3453: 3079: 3068: 3033:

decisions taken by the political leadership have been relatively rare.

2067: 1746: 1680:

all of the territory that belonged to the British Mandate for Palestine

1590: 1514: 1454: 1369: 1333: 1220: 1071: 458: 318: 266: 17598: 17184:

Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects

15835:"Middle East What is Hamas? Who supports Hamas? What you need to know" 15691: 14982:"Biden says Hamas must be eliminated, US officials warn of escalation" 14943:

warnings from the Israeli military in order to serve as human shields.

10465: 9179:"Hamas Covenant 1988: The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement" 7439:"What does Israel's declaration of war mean for Palestinians in Gaza?" 7070:

Lopez, Anthony; Ireland, Carol; Ireland, Jane; Lewis, Michael (2020).

20950: 20891: 20873: 20799: 20521: 19899: 18998: 18870: 18689: 17911: 17478: 17350: 16381: 16041:

Dr. Hay Eytan Cohen Yanarocak; Dr. Jonathan Spyer (25 January 2021).

15696: 14910: 13625:"How a night of dancing and revelry in Israel turned into a massacre" 13414:

Erased In A Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians

10235:"Nizar Rayyan of Hamas on God's Hatred of Jews" (by Jeffrey Goldberg) 9440:"Haniyeh to UN chief: Hamas accepts Palestinian state in '67 borders" 8401: 8343: 7568: 6187:

Abdelaziz, Khalid; Eltahir, Nafisa; Irish, John (23 September 2021).

4360: 4239: 4068: 4063: 3801: 3743: 3408: 3396: 3006: 2833: 2571: 2379: 2129: 2063: 1992: 1921: 1837:

second version of (originally) 'the Palestinians' Prisoners Document'

1742: 1636:

Hamas's acceptance of the 1967 borders implicitly recognizes Israel.

1594: 1510: 1491:

second version of (originally) 'the Palestinians' Prisoners Document'

1377: 921: 908: 670: 454: 262: 17449: 17288: 17051:

Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector

16761:

Hamas: Terrorism, Governance, and Its Future in Middle East Politics

16229:

Hamas contained: The rise and pacification of Palestinian resistance

15415:"With all eyes on Gaza, Hamas might send the West Bank up in flames" 14266:"Amnesty International: Hamas guilty of torture, summary executions" 14176:. Human Rights Watch (April 20, 2009). Retrieved on August 21, 2010. 12964: 12445: 10358:"Hamas encourages Gaza women to follow Islamic code _English_Xinhua" 9597: 9401: 6984: 5625: 21170: 21053: 21049: 20581: 20434: 20270: 20250: 18722: 18543: 18520: 17431: 17045: 16765: 16715: 16706:

Hueston, Harry Raymond; Pierpaoli, Paul G.; Zahar, Sherifa (2014).

16553:(3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 226. 16354: 15978:

Hamas supports military operation for political legitimacy in Yemen

14739:

Robert O. Freedman, 'Russia,' in Joel Peters, David Newman (eds.),

14037: 13548:"Hamas captures hostages as Israelis share photos of those missing" 12012:"Far from war in Gaza, Hamas chief oversees vast financial network" 10632: 9979:

Israel's policy on statehood merits the same scrutiny as Hamas gets

8756:"Hamas envisioned deeper attacks, aiming to provoke an Israeli war" 8142: 7883:"Canadian Policy on Key Issues in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" 7453:"What will the Israeli-Palestinian conflict look like in 30 years?" 7091:

recognized government of the Gaza Strip in the Palestine Authority.

4957: 4906: 4721: 4709: 4547: 4465: 4290: 4259: 4011: 3914: 3888: 3883: 3796: 3738: 3646: 3416: 3404: 3346: 3258: 3122: 2800: 2764: 2570:

violent language against all Jews in the original Hamas charter as

2419: 1657: 1060: 986: 308: 16411: 15225:"How Netanyahu's Hamas policy came back to haunt him — and Israel" 14123:"Gaza Activist: After Lengthy Torture, Hamas Forced Me to Divorce" 13036:

A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols

8397:"Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths" 5987:"Experts Weigh in on Regional Impact of Syria-Hamas Rapprochement" 2662: 1861:, senior political leader of Hamas and then Prime Minister of the 33:"Islamic Resistance Movement" redirects here. For other uses, see 21127: 21071: 20955: 20627: 20511: 20315: 20275: 18028: 17494: 16374:"Islamist Terrorism and National Liberation: Hamas and Hizbullah" 15664:"As World's Eyes Shift, Ukraine and Russia Look to Sway Opinions" 14582: 13903: 13187: 12457: 12421: 10503: 9896: 9527: 8518:"Health Ministry In Hamas-run Gaza Says War Death Toll At 36,479" 8242: 8167: 6107: 6065: 5896: 5683:"Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) of Palestine" 4859: 4832: 4756:

According to Middle East experts, now Hamas has two firm allies:

4207: 4028: 3772: 3356:

Hamas has defended suicide attacks as a legitimate aspect of its

3345:

since it took place on the first night of the Jewish festival of

3338: 3297: 3269: 3249: 2364: 2191:, after attending the inauguration ceremony of Iranian president 2145: 2075: 1894:

ousted the Fatah movement from the Gaza Strip, took control there

1848:

or a general referendum "held in the homeland and the Diaspora".

1824:(truce) with Israel (see above), Hamas's (former) senior adviser 1691: 1597:), and offered Israel a long-term truce if Israel recognized the 1271: 1193: 17623:

Hamas and Israel: Conflicting Strategies of Group-Based Politics

17475:"Hamas West Bank leader given six-month detention without trial" 16204:

Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups

15292: 14188:. Btselem.org (November 12, 2007). Retrieved on August 21, 2010. 13051:"Stop mixing up the Islamic flags: A guide for lazy journalists" 12913:"The Oct. 7 Massacre Revealed a New Hamas Social Media Strategy" 11959:"Palestinian Authority rejects Israeli, U.S. ideas to help Gaza" 11572:

The European Union's Democratization Agenda in the Mediterranean

10405:

Hamas patrols beaches in Gaza to enforce conservative dress code

10265:

The Many Faces of Political Islam, Second Edition (January 2020)

8916:"In 2006 letter to Bush, Haniyeh offered compromise with Israel" 6350:"In a Worldwide War of Words, Russia, China and Iran Back Hamas" 2464:

consultation process. It was then signed on August 18, 1988. It

1942:" and offered Israel a long-term truce if Israel recognized the 1479:

the territory that belonged to the British Mandate for Palestine

1324:

Hamas was established in 1987, and allegedly has its origins in

1290:, meaning "Islamic Resistance Movement". This acronym, HMS, was 389: 20389: 18538: 17004:

From Bullets to Ballots: Violent Muslim Movements in Transition

16860:

Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad

16282:

Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance

16180:"Understanding political issues through argumentation analysis" 15766:"Hamas official says North Korea could attack US over Gaza war" 14906:

Palestine-Israel in the Print News Media: Contending Discourses

14799:"9 questions about Israel-Gaza you were too embarrassed to ask" 13416:

V. Structures and Strategies of the Perpetrator Organizations,

12999:"Secret Hamas Files Show How It Spied on Everyday Palestinians" 12552: 11898:

The United States and Iran: Policy Challenges and Opportunities

11005:, in Elliot N. Dorff, Danya Ruttenberg, Louis E Newman (eds.), 9598:

Text of the Hamas-Fatah Agreement, made in Cairo on 3 May 2011.

9548:

Understanding World Religions: A Road Map for Justice and Peace

8645: 8643: 8641: 4761: 4705: 4693: 4660: 3909: 3893: 3857: 3826: 3784: 3779: 3755: 3733: 3717: 3458: 3276:. Above Al Aqsa is a map of Palestine, matching the borders of 3115: 2188: 2177: 2114: 2095: 1931: 1812: 1725: 1582: 1381: 1118: 960: 934: 772: 619: 538: 20: 16643:

Terror, Insurgency, and the State: Ending Protracted Conflicts

16306:

Inside Hamas: The Untold Story of Militants, Martyrs and Spies

15603:"Saudi Arabia to host first Hamas delegation in over a decade" 14579:"EU court keeps Hamas on terrorism list, removes Tamil Tigers" 12433: 12409: 12352: 11313:

Israeli National security: a new strategy for an Era of change

7116:"What is Hamas? A simple guide to the armed Palestinian group" 6137:"Erdogan says 1,000 Hamas members treated in Turkey hospitals" 5820:"Terroristas como atores da guerra: um guia para as perceções" 5378:

infrastructure as the soil from which militancy would flower.'

3383:

left 364 people dead with many others wounded or taken hostage

2176:

considered this a "significant concession", but presumed that

1077:

The Hamas movement was founded by Palestinian Islamic scholar

21279: 20516: 20411: 20395: 18578: 18281: 18033: 17434:(Summer 1993). "Gaza: New Dynamics of Civic Disintegration". 17075:

Palestinian Women: Patriarchy and Resistance in the West Bank

16451:

Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance, and Despair in the Middle East

15194:"How Benjamin Netanyahu empowered Hamas ... and broke Israel" 14830: 12823:"The blinkered BBC shamefully ignores Hamas's genocidal aims" 12722: 11530: 10962: 10662:

has refused to continue printing his paper in the West Bank."

8965:"Hamas willing to accept Palestinian state with 1967 borders" 6967:"The Islamic Resistance Movement in the Palestinian Uprising" 6247:"Hamas 'using massive stockpile of Chinese weaponry' in Gaza" 5337: 5194: 4898: 4757: 4730: 4697: 4641: 4551: 4211: 4203: 3982: 3970: 3862: 3841: 3789: 3750: 3607: 3285: 2997:

Exercise of al-Qassam Brigades in Gaza City, January 27, 2013

2977: 2902: 2780: 2750: 2744: 2491: 2484: 2472: 2387: 2383: 2348: 2340: 2243: 2238: 2141: 2133: 2043: 2022: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1829: 1820: 1737: 1695: 1614: 1469:," an informal Iranian-led political and military coalition. 1396: 1385: 1361: 1345: 1325: 1173: 1110: 823: 759: 591: 571: 557: 524: 511: 362: 17519:"UN General Assembly rejects US resolution to condemn Hamas" 15996: 10326: 8638: 6722:"Entirety of Hamas to be listed as a terrorist organisation" 6219:"China denies providing weapons to Hamas in Israel-Gaza war" 5543: 5541: 5539: 2715:, with Mashal insisting that Iraq withdraw. On May 6, 2017, 2224:

In 2009, Taghreed El-khodary And Ethan Bronner wrote in the

1581:

In November 2008, in a meeting, on Gaza Strip soil, with 11

1113:), and has since governed the territory separately from the 21724:

Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom

21719:

Organisations designated as terrorist by the European Union

20219: 17337:

Herzog, Michael (March–April 2006). "Can Hamas Be Tamed?".

16955:"Non-Statutory Armed Groups and Security Sector Governance" 15451:"Saudis Overwhelmingly Oppose Ties With Israel, Poll Finds" 15323:

Concerns about Islamic Extremism on the Rise in Middle East

15263:"Poll finds dramatic rise in Palestinian support for Hamas" 15029:"Israeli families bring war crime complaint to ICC: lawyer" 14481:"Abbas hints PA close to ending unity agreement with Hamas" 14226:"Hamas militants kill 6 suspected informers, witnesses say" 13622: 13086:

https://www.npr.org/2007/06/19/10390803/q-a-hamas-and-fatah

12939:"מה ידענו ומדוע סירבנו להפנים את הכוונות הרצחניות של חמאס?" 11622:

Armed Political Organizations: From Conflict to Integration

9183:

The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy

9034:

International Journal of Social Science Research and Review

7668:

International Journal of Social Science Research and Review

7479: 7250: 5360: 5185: 5142: 4701: 4073: 2894: 2137: 2039: 1924:, not to mention paying attention to the new Hamas stance. 1714: 1698: 498: 21729:

Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States

18407:

Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Khalid ‘Abd al-Majid)

17532:"Interview with Dr Ibrahim Al-Yazouri, a founder of Hamas" 16326:"Hamas and Politics in Palestine:Impact on Peace-Building" 15869:"Qatar reconsiders mediator role between Hamas and Israel" 15812: 14818: 14748: 14742:

The Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

14296:"Large number of alleged Israeli informers killed in Gaza" 13759:"Israel shows Hamas bodycam attack footage to journalists" 13329:

Israel At 'War to the Bitter End,' Strikes Key Hamas Sites

12540: 12373:

The Military Balance, 2018, Vol. 118, No. 1, February 2018

12342: 12340: 11817: 10528:. "... the over-all argument was that the event was haram" 10304: 10302: 8943: 8941: 8716: 8714: 8701: 8699: 7863: 7213:"Hamas faces unexpected challenge: how to deal with power" 5005:(IDF). However, it was unconfirmed by independent sources. 4381:

Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel

2336:(UNLU) condemned it, though similar campaigns reoccurred. 1991:(senior Hamas leader, see above), in a news conference in 1438:

and the plight of Palestinians. There are also reports of

1406:

On October 7, 2023, Hamas and other Palestinian militants

402: 16689:

The Changing Middle East: A New Look at Regional Dynamics

15790: 15788: 15786: 15630: 15628: 15570: 15568: 15566: 14085: 14033:"Report: Hamas weighing large-scale conflict with Israel" 13836:"Israeli forensic teams describe signs of torture, abuse" 13699:"לא רק ברעים: המסיבה הנוספת בדרום שמשתתפיה טרם שבו הביתה" 12764: 12208: 12113: 12111: 11876:

Islam in the Balance: Ideational Threats in Arab Politics

11855: 11718: 11708: 11706: 11704: 11327:"Why They Fight: Hamas' Too-Little-Known Fascist Charter" 10888:

Terror on the Internet: The New Arena, the New Challenges

10287: 9312:

SCOTT ATRAN (17 August 2006). "Is Hamas Ready to Deal?".

9067: 9065: 8618: 7997:"UN rejects US motion to condemn Hamas – DW – 12/07/2018" 6315: 6313: 6311: 5794:"How Hamas Built an Army | The Washington Institute" 5536: 5444: 5151: 4281:. The cleric was protected by at least 100 fighters from 2635:

In May 2017, Hamas unveiled a rewritten charter, titled "

1768:

In March 2006, after winning an absolute majority in the

1350: 1341: 17650: 17589:

Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles & Policies

16516:"The Origins of Hamas: Militant Legacy or Israeli Tool?" 15613: 15468: 15466: 15464: 14775: 14547: 14003:

Clinton calls for 'durable' Gaza truce, condemns rockets

13950:"The Hamas Threat to the West Is No Different from ISIS" 13228: 13108: 13074: 12469: 12159: 12084: 11500: 11488: 11433: 11209:"What Would Hamas Do If It Could Do Whatever It Wanted?" 11008:

Jewish Choices, Jewish Voices: War and National Security

10949:

The Palestinian Hamas: vision, violence, and coexistence

10855: 10698:

Gumrukcu, Tuvan; Hayatsever, Huseyin (25 October 2023).

9600:. Website peacemaker.un.org. Retrieved 21 February 2024. 9201: 8014: 7807: 7805: 7803: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7069: 5892:"How Hamas secretly built a 'mini-army' to fight Israel" 5589: 5565: 5054:

in 2011; however, they re-established relations in 2022.

5050:

Hamas severed ties with Syria after the outbreak of the

4683:

trained Hamas militants ahead of the October 7 attacks.

4625:

March 2016. Hamas has assisted Egypt in controlling the

2155:, top Hamas leader until 2017 and now heading the Hamas 1622:'s willingness to accept a permanent armistice with the 1243:. Hamas has attacked Israeli civilians, including using 17567: 16551:

The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War

15645: 15643: 14535: 14148: 12887:"Hamas Magazine for Kids Promotes Martyrdom and Hatred" 12564: 12337: 12232: 12123: 12096: 12072: 11802:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011 pp. 72–74, 193 notes 50, 51. 11551: 10824:

The Fog of Peace: The Human Face of Conflict Resolution

10299: 10112:"What You Need to Know About the Israel-Hamas Violence" 9892:"Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh killed in Iran, Hamas says" 8938: 8711: 8696: 8660: 8658: 8043: 8041: 7536:

Reconstructing Jihad Amid Competing International Norms

7417:

Routledge Companion to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

6348:

Meyers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera (3 November 2023).

4692:

Hamas leaders reportedly re-established relations with

4612:

From 2012 to 2013, under the short-lived leadership of

4506:

supported rocket attacks on Israel by Hamas during the

4409:

as part of its military operations, its restriction of

2799:

in the Gulf countries dried up following the 1991–1992

1844:

and eventual agreements must be ratified by either the

1310:) which itself means "zeal", "strength", or "bravery". 1063:

political organisation with a military wing called the

15800: 15783: 15625: 15580: 15563: 15551: 14298:. Palestinian News.Net. 22 August 2014. Archived from 13341: 12135: 12108: 11928:. Congressional Research Service. July 14, 2009. p. 4. 11805: 11701: 11689: 11677: 10867: 10722: 10314: 10216: 9062: 8888: 7964:

Dupret, Baudouin; Lynch, Michael; Berard, Tim (2015).

7851: 7817: 7766:"Khaled Meshaal: Struggle is against Israel, not Jews" 7238: 6489:"Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing'" 6308: 6182: 6180: 5981: 5979: 5711: 5440:"Hamas leader dead after 'accidental' gunshot to head" 4897:. Behind the meeting was Turkey's effort to reconcile 1763: 19065: 16786:

The Palestinian People: Seeking Sovereignty and State

16705: 15490: 15478: 15461: 15350:"Poll: Hamas popularity surges after war with Israel" 15084:"Legal Experts: Hamas committed War Crimes, Genocide" 14980:

Bose, Nandita; Jackson, Katharine (16 October 2023).

14670:"NZ designates entirety of Hamas as terrorist entity" 14650: 14324:

Klein, Aaron J.; Ginsburg, Mitch (3 September 2014).

14319: 14317: 13545: 12576: 12493: 12481: 12451: 12147: 11730: 11667: 11665: 11650: 11452:(1/2). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs: 210–244. 11421: 11090:

Bayefsky, Anne F.; Blank, Laurie R. (22 March 2018).

10386:

Hamas Bans Women Dancers, Scooter Riders in Gaza Push

10338: 9351: 9349: 9334: 9322: 8157:

Palestinian in-fighting provokes despair, frustration

8026: 7800: 7577: 6657: 6186: 6061:"Hamas leader to visit Turkey for talks with Erdogan" 5730:

Mišʿal, Šāʾûl; Sela, Avraham; Selaʿ, Avrāhām (2006).

5577: 5553: 5464: 5215: 5197: 5163: 5154: 4839:. In a controversial deal, Israel's government under 3153:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are 2937:

deposed the elected Muslim Brotherhood government of

2734: 2603:

magazine, has compared these to those that appear in

1392:

and largely sealed their borders with the territory.

18399:

Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Samir Ghawshah)

16836:

Hamas and Palestine: The Contested Road to Statehood

16712:

Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Essential Reference Guide

15640: 14662: 14613: 14420: 14404:"Gaza: Armed Palestinian Groups Commit Grave Crimes" 14248:"Rights group pans Hamas for not probing executions" 14223: 13923:"Israel says it found Hamas training manual in Gaza" 13466:. Human Rights Watch. 28 August 2007. Archived from 12307:"What is Hamas, the militant group that rules Gaza?" 12220: 12199:

James J.F. Forrest, "Conclusion", in James Dingley,

10734: 10646:

A Leader of Hamas Warns of West Bank Peril for Fatah

10360:. Xinhua News Agency. 3 January 2010. Archived from 10275: 9084:

Jacqueline S. Ismael; Tareq Y. Ismael; Glenn Perry.

8733:

Jacqueline S. Ismael; Tareq Y. Ismael; Glenn Perry.

8655: 8173: 8053: 8038: 7719: 6123:"NATO, Gaza, and the future of US-Turkish relations" 5500: 5488: 5373: 5282: 5237: 4920: 4535:, and only 16% of Saudis said Hamas should accept a 3288:, with his face mostly covered by a black and white 2911: 2900: 2892: 2879: 2748: 2565:

Targeted mob violence against civilians § MENA

2528: 1735:), has at unreported date offered Israel a ten-year 1559:

Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority

1299: 1285: 1048: 21684:

Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist

17505:"Muhammad Hassan Shama, little-known Hamas founder" 17028:

Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach

16645:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 134–. 16378:

Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East

15655: 15507: 15505: 14082:"Palestinian Rivals Accused Of Human Rights Abuses" 14027: 14025: 11442:"Parallels between Nazi and Islamist Anti-Semitism" 10693: 10691: 10110:Byman, Daniel; Palmer, Alexander (7 October 2023). 10089:. Institute for Palestine Studies. pp. 72–73. 9890:Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Hafezi, Parisa (31 July 2024). 8996:"In Gaza, Hamas's Insults to Jews Complicate Peace" 8261: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7337: 6177: 5976: 5864: 5191: 5188: 5182: 5148: 5145: 5139: 4973:

List of political parties in the State of Palestine

4221: 2401: 2378:In 2005, an outdoor music-and-dance performance in 21769:Organizations designated as terrorist by Argentina 21689:Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia 21604:1987 establishments in the Palestinian territories 18254: 17552: 17487: 16959:Entry-points to Palestinian Security Sector Reform 15932:"Qatari emir's visit to Gaza is a boost for Hamas" 15535: 15533: 15531: 15529: 14850: 14700:"Swiss government approves draft law to ban Hamas" 14314: 13897: 13440:. Human Rights Watch. 30 June 2007. Archived from 13183:"הופל אתר עז א-דין אל קסאם, דף הפייסבוק שלהם הוסר" 12683: 12681: 11662: 11512: 11278: 10697: 10590:, Crown Center for Middle East studies, March 2010 10462:"Palestine: Taliban-like attempts to censor music" 9852:October 1,000,000. Everything we do is justified." 9346: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8903: 7146: 7096: 6863:"Paraguay adds Hamas, Hezbollah to terrorism list" 6148: 6146: 5476: 4342:designated Hamas as a terrorist organization. The 4327: Designated Hamas as a terrorist organization 3411:kibbutz were killed. Hamas militants attacked the 3407:kibbutz. About 10 percent of the residents of the 3292:. He is standing in front of a green flag and the 2205: 1930:Meanwhile, in November 2008, in a meeting with 11 21714:Organizations designated as terrorist by Paraguay 18312:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 16957:. In Friedrich, Roland; Luethold, Arnold (eds.). 16935:Hamas Rule in Gaza: Human Rights Under Constraint 15930:Black, Ian; Sherwood, Harriet (23 October 2012). 15298:Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research 14718: 14200:"Hamas executes suspected Fatah traitors in Gaza" 13900:"Hamas "regrets" civilian deaths, Israel unmoved" 13265: 13095: 13093: 12853: 12783: 12651: 9997: 9889: 9857: 8595:"Behind the scenes as Hamas chose its new leader" 8358:"Pool of 8 foreign journalists allowed into Gaza" 7963: 7546: 7385:The Many Faces of Political Islam, Second Edition 6399: 5512: 3415:, that took place near kibutz Nir Oz, killing 17 3239:Hamas flags at the 25th anniversary rally in 2012 2767:until January 2012, when Hamas's support for the 2367:-like attempts to censor music", which said that 21590: 18496: 18362:Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar) 16664:. In Tellidis, Ioannis; Toros, Harmonie (eds.). 16073:"US Criticizes Turkey for Hosting Hamas Leaders" 16024:"Erdogan: Hamas is not a terrorist organization" 15891: 15889: 15502: 14351:"Middle East | Unrest erupts in Gaza Strip" 14120: 14022: 13914: 13407: 10688: 10395:By Daniel Williams, Bloomberg, November 30, 2009 10191:Institute for National Security Studies (Israel) 9646:"Terrorist Killing Prompts Gaza Rocket Exchange" 9545:David Whitten, Smith, Elizabeth Geraldine Burr, 9213: 8440: 8329: 8327: 7905: 7334: 4816:popular support amongst their citizens at home. 3247:) charged in the middle with the writing of the 2923:laid idle by Israel's imposition of restrictions 2100:Israel retaliated with warfare in the Gaza Strip 1612:. Hamas originally proposed a 10-year truce, or 657:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 21709:Organizations designated as terrorist by Jordan 21699:Organizations designated as terrorist by Israel 21694:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada 16807: 16641:. In Marianne Heiberg; Brendan O'Leary (eds.). 16615:Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism 16597:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 111. 16330:West Asia and the Region: Defining India's Role 16184:The Routledge Handbook of Language and Politics 15526: 14925:"Did Israel violate international law in Gaza?" 13984:U.S. Condemns Hamas in Midst of Israeli Strikes 13360:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 12752: 12712:"Anti-Semitic Hate Speech in the Name of Islam" 12678: 12558: 12511: 12249: 12247: 10620:Hamas: 'We want Erdoğan's model, not Taliban's' 10143:"Hamas leader acknowledges 'reality' of Israel" 9673: 9671: 8900: 8783: 8781: 7945: 7562: 6833:"NZ designates all of Hamas a terrorist entity" 6143: 5729: 5063:Egypt supported Hamas during the presidency of 4437: 2221:as a call for "armed struggle against Israel". 2180:would not even want to consider this scenario. 1842:President of the Palestinian National Authority 1495:President of the Palestinian National Authority 16:Palestinian political and military organization 21704:Organisations designated as terrorist by Japan 21048: 18439:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority 18288:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 16952: 16909:. In Hughes, Matthew; Johnson, Gaynor (eds.). 16182:. In Wodak, Ruth; Forchtner, Bernhard (eds.). 15965:"Why Israel Lets Qatar Give Millions To Hamas" 14571: 14076: 14051: 13154:"ar: حماس قد توجه هجمات ضخمة من داخل قطاع غزة" 13090: 12463: 12439: 12427: 12415: 12358: 12050:"US sanctions Hamas official, finance network" 11590: 11588: 11401:Vol. 46, No. 4 (184), Summer 2017, p. 100–111. 11057: 10993:University of Michigan Press, 2003 pp. 100–02. 10782:Globalization and Challenges to Building Peace 10464:. Freemuse.org. 17 August 2006. Archived from 10058: 10056: 10054: 10052: 9883: 9603: 8958: 8956: 8199: 7713:Hamas in Power: The Question of Transformation 6892:"Proscribed terrorist groups or organisations" 6302:Center for Strategic and International Studies 6271: 6269: 6212: 6210: 5817: 5524: 5322:head of the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip 4901:with Hamas. On 7 October 2023, the day of the 4644:; this subsequently led to the signing of the 2899:endowment resources and charitable donations ( 2747:concept of consultation and popular assembly ( 1955:head of the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip 1934:members of parliaments, Hamas senior official 1465:and his strong connections with Iran and the " 20235: 18482: 18240: 17666: 17604:Hamas Shifts From Rockets to Public Relations 17591:(English translation published by Hamas, via 17030:. Indiana University Press. pp. 112–39. 16576:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 17–39. 15929: 15886: 15683: 14374:"Shot by their own side, healed by the enemy" 14323: 14149:Yosif Mahmoud Haj-Yahis; et al. (2009). 13972:Obama Defers to Bush, for Now, on Gaza Crisis 12996: 11756: 11754: 11089: 11036: 10381: 10379: 9462: 9257: 8822:"Meshaal: Hamas rejects 'two-state solution'" 8750: 8748: 8324: 7838: 6958: 6347: 5768: 5001:The assassination of Deif was claimed by the 4527:from November 14 to December 6, 2023, 40% of 4524:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 4116: 2723:to become the new leader, to replace Mashal. 2637:A Document of General Principles and Policies 2217:Several (other) authors have interpreted the 1574:recognition of Israel. Hamas's spokesperson, 1368:, and since that time Hamas has governed the 713:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 21754:Rebel groups that actively control territory 17647:. December 24, 2006. Accessed July 20, 2014. 16979: 16907:"Religious and Nationalist Fanaticism:Hamas" 16691:. Oxford University Press. pp. 167–95. 15951:"Which Mideast power brokers support Hamas?" 14179: 13148: 13146: 13144: 12997:Rasgon, Adam; Bergman, Ronen (13 May 2024). 12244: 11531:Andrew Carey and Joe Sterling (6 May 2017). 11237: 11199: 11197: 10813: 10544: 10456: 10454: 10043: 9709:"Suffering, dreaming and forgetting in Gaza" 9668: 9374: 9372: 8987: 8853:"Why do Palestinians in Gaza support Hamas?" 8778: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8649: 8296:"The Six Months of the Lull Arrangement pdf" 7740: 7710: 7307: 7305: 7303: 4399:calls for the military destruction of Israel 3048: 2323:Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip 1713:, a protest movement gradually turning more 1647: 1305: 1279: 1211:Hamas and Israel have engaged in protracted 58: 21629:Anti-Zionism in the Palestinian territories 20160:Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany 19690: 19611: 16986:. Penguin Publishing Group. pp. 126–. 16953:Najib, Mohammad; Friedrich, Roland (2007). 16591:Gleis, Joshua L.; Berti, Benedetta (2012). 15990: 15370:. The Washington Institute. 27 August 2021. 15318: 15316: 15009:"Genocide Emergency Alert: Israel and Gaza" 14979: 14288: 13616: 13386: 11785: 11783: 11781: 11779: 11585: 11244:Journal of Global Justice and Public Policy 11163: 11131: 11032: 11030: 11028: 10564:, volume 121 issue 1, January/February 2006 10109: 10087:Hamas : political thought and practice 10049: 10014: 10012: 9971: 9969: 9942: 9940: 9757: 9561: 9431: 9311: 9140: 9138: 9027: 8953: 8913: 8816: 8814: 8181:"The Palestinian National Unity Government" 8090: 7661: 7398:Diaspora Entrepreneurs and Contested States 7357: 6296:Kim, Ellen; Bah, Salamata (27 March 2024). 6266: 6207: 4206:warheads and home-made rockets such as the 3423: 3041:'s relationship to the military arm of the 2885: 2651: 2334:Unified National Leadership of the Uprising 1604:Mkhaimer Abusada, a political scientist at 21423:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 20242: 20228: 18489: 18475: 18423:Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party 18247: 18233: 17673: 17659: 17557: 17054:(2 ed.). Princeton University Press. 16659: 16590: 16570:"Mobilizing Women for Nationalist Agendas" 16156:Hamas and the Media: Politics and strategy 15336:"Hamas popularity 'surges after Gaza war'" 15110: 15108: 15106: 14754: 13490:"Mashaal offers to cease civilian attacks" 12861:"Online Terrorists Prey on the Vulnerable" 12758: 11823: 11751: 11169: 11039:"Understanding Hamas's Genocidal Ideology" 10572: 10570: 10510: 10376: 10259: 10063:Hamas Fights Over Gaza's Islamist Identity 10039: 10037: 9949:International Relations of the Middle East 9437: 8962: 8745: 8389: 8334:Qassam lands in western Negev, no injuries 8124: 8096: 7966:Law at Work: Studies in Legal Ethnomethods 7845:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 7530: 7288: 6406:Team, Flashpoint Intel (18 October 2023). 6216: 5955: 5771:"Hamas: between Militarism and Governance" 4391:widely criticised for a variety of reasons 4123: 4109: 2739:Hamas's overarching governing body is the 2531:. Please do not remove this message until 2033: 1472: 1414:, with the aim of securing the release of 1215:. Key aspects of the conflict include the 1152:While initially seeking a state in all of 388: 70: 18354:Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Abbas) 17633:Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group 17180: 17068: 16911:Fanaticism and Conflict in the Modern Age 16639:"Hamas: Harakat al-Muqamama al-Islamiyya" 16371: 16328:. In Abhyankar, Rajendra Madhukar (ed.). 15743: 15597: 15595: 15219: 15217: 15215: 14224:The Associated Press (20 November 2012). 13141: 12595: 12593: 12591: 11615: 11613: 11194: 10959:, Columbia University Press, 2006 p. 178. 10907:Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress 10487: 10485: 10483: 10451: 10332: 9790: 9369: 9292: 9253: 9251: 9222:"A "New Hamas" through Its New Documents" 9207: 9045: 8875: 8847: 8845: 8843: 8679: 8355: 8232:Exposing the bitter truth of Gaza carnage 8155:al-Mughrabi, Nidal and Assadi, Mohammed. 8103:. Harvard University Press. p. 372. 7760: 7758: 7756: 7679: 7629: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7300: 6613:"How the US became Israel's closest ally" 6319: 5951: 5949: 5571: 5547: 5080:Sudan supported Hamas during the rule of 4799:Haniyeh with Turkish Minister of Culture 3173:Learn how and when to remove this message 2666:Map of key Hamas leadership nodes. 2010. 2551:Learn how and when to remove this message 2441: 2210:The vision that Hamas articulated in its 2017:Still in February 2012, according to the 1642: 1549:When Hamas won a majority in the January 1533:two-state solution", former Hamas leader 1497:to negotiate with Israel. On 2 May 2017, 19498: 19437: 19357: 19272: 19171: 19097: 17987:2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip 17799: 17314:Royal Institute of International Affairs 17021: 17000: 16931: 16757: 16594:Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study 15861: 15511: 15313: 15142:"Israel's Big New Shift in Hamas Policy" 14491: 14371: 14162: 14160: 13239: 13177: 13175: 13173: 12889:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from 12301: 12129: 12102: 11886:. Stanford University Press, 2014 p. 104 11776: 11533:"Ismail Haniya elected new Hamas leader" 11270: 11203: 11025: 10879: 10861: 10531: 10308: 10140: 10009: 9966: 9937: 9609: 9492: 9258:Seth Ackerman (September–October 2006). 9173: 9171: 9135: 8993: 8824:. Middle East Monitor. 18 January 2024. 8811: 8476: 8290: 8288: 8249: 8020: 7736: 7734: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7256: 6948:"Hamas, n. meanings, etymology and more" 6189:"Sudan closes door on support for Hamas" 6152: 5834:- translated to English from Portuguese. 5818:Matos Ferreira, Dina (27 October 2023). 5791: 5314:Prime Minister of the State of Palestine 4794: 4714:Palestinian exodus from Kuwait (1990–91) 4568: 4541: 4389:in pursuit of its goals, Hamas has been 4318: 4314: 4173: 3374: 3324: 3245:a traditionally respected color in Islam 3234: 3149:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2992: 2955: 2661: 2527:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2038:On 1 May 2017, in a press conference in 1630: 20552:Justice and Development Party (Morocco) 20205:There was no such thing as Palestinians 19836: 17530:Dalloul, Motasem A (14 December 2017). 17529: 17303: 17272: 17249:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 17244: 17223: 17138: 16818:/National Institute for Public Policy. 16682: 16636: 16611: 16489: 16278: 16250: 16152: 15744:PACCHIANI, GIANLUCA (5 November 2023). 15662:Bigg, Matthew Mpoke (12 October 2023). 15380: 15338:. Al Jazeera English. 2 September 2014. 15103: 14836: 14621:"Lists associated with Resolution 1373" 14541: 13723: 13295: 13293: 12789: 12709: 12570: 12546: 12499: 12346: 12202:Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland 12117: 12078: 11712: 11695: 11656: 10974: 10968: 10567: 10350: 10320: 10293: 10034: 9975: 9791:Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). 9558:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2014 p. 250 9541: 9539: 9537: 8947: 8720: 8705: 8567: 8375:"Israel withdraws its troops from Gaza" 8071: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7408: 7210: 7144: 6886: 6884: 6775:"EU court upholds Hamas terror listing" 6511: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6008: 5889: 5843: 5717: 5494: 5482: 5470: 5316:but as such dismissed by his President 4880:SADAT International Defense Consultancy 3320: 2872: 2786: 2359:In 2005, the human rights organization 2300:in his 2020 book, while discussing the 2026:southern Israel, also involving Hamas, 1776:but did not repeat its claim to all of 1332:movement, which had been active in the 94:Deputy Chairman of the Political Bureau 21591: 20557:Justice and Development Party (Turkey) 17502: 17396: 17365: 17336: 17245:Zartman, Jonathan K. (19 March 2020). 17159: 17119: 17096: 16901: 16877: 16853: 16808:Kass, Ilana; O'Neill, Bard E. (1997). 16782: 16567: 16548: 16346: 16323: 16299: 16225: 16200: 16177: 15895: 15829: 15827: 15818: 15806: 15794: 15689: 15649: 15634: 15619: 15592: 15586: 15574: 15557: 15496: 15484: 15472: 15212: 14824: 14796: 14656: 14553: 14197: 13947: 13898:Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (5 February 2010). 13655: 13347: 13259: 13048: 12992: 12990: 12941:(in Hebrew). Maariv. 7 November 2023. 12863:. Globalpolitician.com. Archived from 12588: 12582: 12475: 12370: 12214: 12165: 12153: 12090: 11861: 11811: 11736: 11724: 11683: 11610: 11506: 11494: 11439: 11427: 11375: 11134:"Antisemitism and Hate Speech Studies" 10873: 10776: 10728: 10480: 10426: 10344: 10222: 9863: 9823: 9407: 9340: 9328: 9248: 9071: 9021: 8894: 8840: 8690: 8032: 7869: 7857: 7834: 7832: 7823: 7811: 7794: 7753: 7725: 7611: 7594: 7588: 7423: 7328: 7312: 7294: 7161:from the original on 26 September 2009 6965:Taraki, Lisa (January–February 1989). 6964: 6772: 6766: 6578: 6320:Mirovalev, Mansur (14 November 2023). 6295: 5946: 5595: 5583: 5559: 5518: 5506: 5312:Haniyeh at the time was the (overall) 2589:in claiming that Jews profited during 2111:decision-making Hamas Political Bureau 1770:2006 Palestinian legislative elections 1731:, founder of Hamas, who died in 2004 ( 21749:Political parties established in 1987 21315: 21047: 21012:International propagation of Salafism 20831: 20223: 20143: 19825: 19064: 18710: 18508: 18470: 18228: 17982:August 2010 West Bank shooting attack 17857: 17654: 17481:. Agence France-Presse. 8 April 2019. 16732: 16510: 16468: 16447: 16426: 15081: 15066: 14863:from the original on 10 December 2022 14852:"Five lessons from the Gaza conflict" 14167:Under Cover of War|Human Rights Watch 14157: 13952:. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 13948:Halevi, Jonathan D. 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Federation of American Scientists. 9102: 9030:"The Historical Antecedents of Hamas" 8926:from the original on 25 November 2015 8766:from the original on 13 November 2023 8409:from the original on 17 December 2023 8303:Tel Aviv Terrorism Information Center 8285: 8209:. London: BBC News. 26 January 2006. 8059: 8047: 7776:from the original on 19 November 2023 7731: 7664:"The Historical Antecedents of Hamas" 7468: 7322: 7244: 6928:from the original on 27 February 2020 6843:from the original on 29 February 2024 6728:from the original on 17 February 2022 6702:from the original on 25 December 2023 6688: 6469:from the original on 24 February 2023 6217:Hyeon Choi, Seong (25 January 2024). 6028: 5858: 5699:from the original on 27 February 2024 5607: 5246: 4835:and forces loyal to former President 4677:National Resistance Center of Ukraine 4424:After the start of the 2023 war, the 4202:in Gaza. The latter include standard 2363:released a report titled "Palestine: 2110: 2055: 1973: 1946:– which he said Israel had declined. 1881: 1561:, sent messages both to US President 1551:2006 Palestinian legislative election 1502: 21116:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 20107:South African allegation of genocide 18195:Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip 17485: 16832: 15948: 15661: 14922: 14848: 14647:, John Wiley & Sons, 2013 p. 45. 13970:Steven Lee Myers and Helene Cooper, 13586:from the original on 9 October 2023. 13554:from the original on 14 October 2023 13527:from the original on 14 October 2023 13290: 13240:Lybarger, Loren (23 December 2017). 13030: 12802:from the original on 19 January 2017 12759:Westervelt, Eric (3 February 2006). 12635:. 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The Political Bureau was based in 2501: 1920:even refused to meet with Carter in 1093:Islamic charity affiliated with the 20832: 20326:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists 20178:Israeli criticism of the occupation 17473: 17430: 17265: 17044: 16572:. In Moghadam, Valentine M. (ed.). 16454:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 100. 15896:Koelbl, Susanne (2 November 2023). 15824: 15512:Schanzer, Jonathan (21 June 2013). 15282:. 9 October 2023. 9 October 2023. 14730:, Lexington Books, 2011 pp. 35–44 . 14499:The World Almanac of Islamism: 2014 14469:. London: BBC News. 15 August 2009. 14467:"Gaza Islamist leader dies in raid" 14455:. 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Archived from 7841:"Hamas's Pivot to Saudi Arabia" 7704: 7522: 7445: 7431: 7262: 7204: 7177: 7108: 7063: 7027: 6940: 6914: 6855: 6825: 6799: 6773:Boffey, Daniel (26 July 2017). 6740: 6714: 6663: 6631: 6605: 6572: 6542: 6451: 6425: 6377:"Iran Update, October 17, 2023" 6369: 6341: 6289: 6238: 6129: 6115: 6095: 6081: 6053: 5916: 5883: 5837: 5811: 5785: 5762: 5723: 5674: 5655:May, Tiffany (8 October 2023). 5648: 5601: 5261: 5122: 5109: 5100: 5091: 5084:. Support ceased following the 5074: 5067:. Support ceased following the 5057: 5044: 5035: 5017: 5008: 4889:In February 2020, Hamas leader 4766:Royal United Services Institute 4340:Organization of American States 4097:Projectile attacks from Lebanon 3198: 3005:(January 5, 1996), it has lost 2826:Holy Land Foundation for Relief 2646: 2497: 2206:Comments from non-Hamas-members 2085: 1782:1988 Hamas charter, § Relevance 1690:), should be "liberated" from " 1451:assassination of Ismail Haniyeh 1416:Palestinian prisoners in Israel 1259:to condemn Hamas was rejected. 1237:Palestinian freedom of movement 1196:, not Jews. Hamas has promoted 1147:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 1103:Palestinian Legislative Council 885:Designated as a terrorist group 370:Palestinian Legislative Council 76:Emblem of Hamas' political wing 21619:Anti-imperialist organizations 21418:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 20547:Justice and Construction Party 19857:depopulated towns and villages 19642:Palestinian militancy campaign 18256:Political parties in Palestine 17613:22 years on the start of Hamas 17145:. Princeton University Press. 16186:. Routledge. pp. 262–75. 16043:"Turkish Militias and Proxies" 15837:. Deutsche Welle. 15 May 2021. 15381:Almaari, Faris (9 June 2023). 14923:Taub, Amanda (7 August 2014). 14787:, I.B. Tauris, 2014 pp. 187–99 14704:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 13921:Baker, Luke (24 August 2014). 13192:. 17 July 2014. 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In 2006, Hamas signed the 1231:, borders, water rights, the 726:Popular Resistance Committees 277:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades 104:Chairman of the Shura Council 20249: 20144: 18498:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 18394:Palestinian Freedom Movement 18378:Palestinian Communist Party 17997:2021 Israel–Palestine crisis 17849:al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit 17437:Journal of Palestine Studies 17369:Journal of Palestine Studies 17276:Journal of Palestine Studies 17024:"Hamas as a Social Movement" 16887:. Rowman & Littlefield. 16521:Journal of Palestine Studies 16433:. Rowman & Littlefield. 16394:10.1017/CBO9780511977367.004 16372:Dalacoura, Katerina (2012). 15987:. Arab News. March 30, 2015. 15949:Levs, Josh (6 August 2014). 14599:According to Michael Penn, ( 13993:, Fox News December 28, 2008 12659:"Hamas TV station shut down" 11397:Journal of Palestine Studies 10269:University of Michigan Press 9575:. 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It emerged from his 1973 1065:Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades 1049: 1027:Islamic Resistance Movement 232:December 10, 1987 54:Islamic Resistance Movement 42:Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades 10: 21785: 21546:Political aspects of Islam 20946:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 20532:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami 20005:Valley of Peace initiative 19948:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 19630:Jerusalem bulldozer attack 19506:Palestinian rocket attacks 18569:All-Palestine Protectorate 18444:Lists of political parties 18064:Islamic University of Gaza 17917:Nidal Fat'hi Rabah Farahat 17727:Takeover of the Gaza Strip 17139:Shitrit, Lihi Ben (2015). 17007:. Transaction Publishers. 16980:O'Malley, Padraig (2015). 16683:Herrick, Julie C. (2011). 16386:Cambridge University Press 16262:Melbourne University Press 16209:Greenwood Publishing Group 16140: 14766:David J. Whittaker (ed.), 13334:November 22, 2010, at the 13216:"Q&A: Hamas and Fatah" 12464:Najib & Friedrich 2007 12440:Najib & Friedrich 2007 12428:Najib & Friedrich 2007 12416:Najib & Friedrich 2007 12359:Najib & Friedrich 2007 11440:Spoerl, Joseph S. (2020). 11020:Jewish Publication Society 10492:"Afghanistan in Palestine" 10429:"UN Cancels Gaza Marathon" 10391:November 18, 2015, at the 7715:. IGI Global. p. 161. 7547:Loren D. Lybarger (2020). 7185:"Hamas wins huge majority" 5956:Ehl, David (15 May 2021). 5294:'Hamas Movement'. 4872:their embassy to Jerusalem 4786:Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani 4745: 4646:2017 Fatah–Hamas Agreement 4565:Foreign relations of Hamas 4562: 4519:blockade of the Gaza Strip 4441: 4432: 4370: 4227: 3438:Palestinian rocket attacks 3427: 3261:is the messenger of God". 3230: 3120: 3113: 3072: 3066: 2949: 2689:Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook 2655: 2628: 2562: 2456: 2450: 2319:Islamism in the Gaza Strip 2316: 2012:Fatah–Hamas Doha Agreement 1756:In 2005, Hamas signed the 1694:" and transformed into an 1317: 1313: 1123:blockade of the Gaza Strip 207:Ibrahim Fares Al-Yazouri 39: 32: 25: 18: 21659:Islamic political parties 21567: 21533: 21502: 21466: 21403:Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization 21393: 21326: 21322: 21311: 21257: 21196: 21085: 21064: 21060: 21043: 21004: 20961:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 20936: 20882: 20851: 20844: 20840: 20827: 20645: 20615: 20502:Freedom and Justice Party 20492: 20427: 20420: 20308: 20261: 20257: 20150: 20139: 20061: 20028: 19956: 19891: 19843: 19832: 19821: 19677: 19620:"Bringing Home the Goods" 19600: 19489: 19428: 19350: 19281:Avivim school bus bombing 19259: 19164: 19088: 19084: 19060: 18879: 18721: 18717: 18706: 18677: 18597: 18561: 18552: 18519: 18515: 18504: 18434: 18333: 18262: 18208: 18175: 18128: 18082: 18056: 18021: 17962:2004 Ashdod Port bombings 17939: 17824: 17743: 17734:25th anniversary of Hamas 17690: 17680: 17416:10.1080/00263209808701214 16863:. Yale University Press. 16736:Hamas: A Beginner's Guide 16612:Guidère, Mathieu (2012). 16542:10.1525/jps.2012.xli.3.54 16534:10.1525/jps.2012.xli.3.54 16490:Dunning, Tristan (2016). 16347:Clarke, Colin P. (2015). 16234:Stanford University Press 12915:. Time. 31 October 2023. 12549:, pp. 123–55: p. 134 12520:Syracuse University Press 12190:, Al Manhal, 2007 p. 198. 11329:. The American Interest. 10526:10.1007/s11562-008-0062-y 10240:January 22, 2009, at the 9826:"What is the real Hamas?" 9741:. Haaretz. 5 April 2024. 9362:22 September 2020 at the 9232:(1 (Summer 2006)): 6–27. 8542:Cordall, Simon Speakman. 7482:"Reframing Sacred Values" 7353:. Al Jazeera. 2 May 2017. 6952:Oxford English Dictionary 5086:2019 Sudanese coup d'état 5071:, when Morsi was deposed. 5069:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 4983:Israeli support for Hamas 4752:Turkish support for Hamas 4679:alleged that the Russian 4671:, the chief of Ukraine's 4493:2014 Israel–Gaza conflict 4444:Israeli support for Hamas 4348:European Court of Justice 4309:2014 Israel–Gaza conflict 4244:2014 Israel-Gaza conflict 3049:Gaza forces, October 2023 2935:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 2918:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 2707:'s decision to side with 2162:from the sea to the river 1880:, Deputy Chairman of the 1749:. Yasin later added, the 1648:1988–1992 (first charter) 1557:, the then newly elected 1390:economic blockade on Gaza 1366:series of violent clashes 1143:an ongoing one since 2023 1117:. After Hamas's takeover 883: 875:Israeli–Lebanese conflict 852: 737: 701:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 645:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 472: 464: 450: 440: 435: 408: 401: 396: 387: 382: 368: 355: 343: 333: 282: 272: 258: 243: 228: 216:Mohammed Hassan Shama'a 141: 125: 113: 103: 93: 81: 69: 51: 21614:Anti-imperialism in Asia 21377:(Izetbegović, 1969-1970) 21176:in the Arabian Peninsula 21017:Islamic religious police 20577:Prosperous Justice Party 20537:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan 20200:Timeline of anti-Zionism 19721:Egypt–Gaza border breach 19626:Jerusalem yeshiva attack 19338:Misgav Am hostage crisis 17957:2001 Immanuel bus attack 17625:(PDF file) December 2008 17466: 17080:Lynne Rienner Publishers 16932:Mukhimer, Tariq (2012). 16791:Lynne Rienner Publishers 16783:Kabahā, Muṣṭafá (2014). 16637:Gunning, Jeroen (2007). 16145: 14508:Rowman & Littlefield 14380:. London. Archived from 13306:Cornell University Press 13038:. Scribner. p. 148. 12792:"Hamas and antisemitism" 11924:21 November 2018 at the 11632:, JHU Press, 2013 p. 88. 11311:Freilich, C. D. (2018). 10677:23 November 2023 at the 10556:7 September 2011 at the 10410:10 February 2017 at the 9299:Harvard University Press 9121:10.1525/jps.2006.35.3.20 8882:Harvard University Press 8072:Khalidi, Rashid (2020). 7563:Tristan Dunning (2016). 6224:South China Morning Post 5608:Klein, Menachem (2007). 4988: 4968:List of leaders of Hamas 4884:private military company 4864:Prime Minister of Israel 4807:In 2011, U.S. President 4748:Qatari support for Hamas 3673:Mujahideen Shura Council 3452:A rocket fired from the 3424:Rocket attacks on Israel 3114:Not to be confused with 3057: 2889: "the call to God" 2658:List of leaders of Hamas 2652:Leadership and structure 1707:since the spring of 1989 1188:was widely described as 1033:(an Arabic acronym from 115:Leader in the Gaza Strip 19:Not to be confused with 20660:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī 20572:Malaysian Islamic Party 20567:National Iraqi Alliance 20527:Islamic Salvation Front 20457:Islamic Defenders Front 19785:"Guardian of the Walls" 19659:Israel–Palestine crisis 18370:Palestinian Arab Front 17751:Islamic Salvation Party 17390:10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6 17382:10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6 17160:Slater, Jerome (2020). 16469:Davis, Richard (2016). 16427:Davis, Jessica (2017). 16279:Brenner, Björn (2017). 15983:August 7, 2016, at the 14353:. BBC News. 3 July 2002 14204:San Francisco Chronicle 13272:Stockholms Fria Tidning 12689:"Terrorism: Al Aqsa TV" 12559:Kass & O'Neill 1997 11997:30 October 2023 at the 11410:Jean-François Legrain: 11280:"A Quick Look at Hamas" 11093:Incitement to Terrorism 10497:15 October 2015 at the 10068:19 January 2017 at the 9961:Oxford University Press 9238:10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6 9047:10.47814/ijssrr.v3i3.49 8858:10 October 2017 at the 8672:27 October 2023 at the 7970:Oxford University Press 7681:10.47814/ijssrr.v3i3.49 7402:Oxford University Press 7154:The Wall Street Journal 5942:– via al-Arabiya. 5930:. AFP. 7 October 2023. 5779:10.2307/j.ctt183pbzt.15 5657:"A Quick Look at Hamas" 4500:war in July–August 2014 4363:as only one component. 4163:condemned the attacks. 4090:Rocket attacks on Eilat 4057:Civil defense in Israel 3666:Abdullah Azzam Brigades 3363:crimes against humanity 3331:Jaffa Road bus bombings 2974:military style training 2797:Palestinian expatriates 2624: 2446: 2271:Palestinian territories 2034:2017–2023 (new charter) 2002:signed an agreement in 1998:In May 2011, Hamas and 1961:– like he had told the 1940:the territories of 1967 1774:Palestinian territories 1672:Palestinian territories 1587:the territories of 1967 1473:Policies towards Israel 1444:invading the Gaza Strip 1374:Palestinian Territories 1360:, defeating the ruling 1281:حركة المقاومة الإسلامية 1198:Palestinian nationalism 1145:, which began with the 1055:Palestinian nationalist 1039:حركة المقاومة الإسلامية 403:https://hamasinfo.info/ 293:Palestinian nationalism 60:حركة المقاومة الإسلامية 21664:Islamic fundamentalism 21644:Islam and antisemitism 21624:Anti-Israeli sentiment 21101:Egyptian Islamic Jihad 20815:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab 20740:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani 20597:State of Law Coalition 20507:Green Algeria Alliance 19924:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 19703:Gaza cross-border raid 19574:Ain es Saheb airstrike 19530:Israeli assassinations 19332:South Lebanon conflict 19306:Kiryat Shmona massacre 18341:Arab Liberation Front 17631:by Elizabeth Freed of 17403:Middle Eastern Studies 17230:. Palgrave Macmillan. 17224:Vittori, Jodi (2011). 17120:Seurat, Leila (2022). 17097:Seurat, Leila (2019). 16938:. Palgrave Macmillan. 16733:Hroub, Khaled (2006). 16226:Baconi, Tareq (2018). 16153:Abdelal, Wael (2016). 14678:New Zealand Government 14523:. oas.org. 19 May 2021 13989:June 25, 2013, at the 13246:Contending Modernities 11824:Gleis & Berti 2012 10625:10 August 2011 at the 10417:(UK), October 18, 2009 10085:Hroub, Khaled (2000). 9504:The Crisis of Zionism, 9414:Baltimore Jewish Times 9220:Hroub, Khaled (2006). 7618:Middle Eastern Studies 4903:Hamas attack on Israel 4876:Israel Security Agency 4804: 4582: 4555: 4385:Aside from its use of 4335: 4179: 3384: 3368:In 2008, Hamas leader 3334: 3240: 3193:Anti-Defamation League 3088:Anti-Defamation League 3025:(March 22, 2004), and 2998: 2987: 2965: 2964:, according to the IDF 2667: 2622: 2576:incitement to genocide 2442:1988 and 2017 charters 2260:University of Maryland 2056:Hamas Political Bureau 1974:Hamas Political Bureau 1882:Hamas Political Bureau 1805:University of Maryland 1663:arming themselves for 1643:Evolution of positions 1568:University of Maryland 1503:Hamas Political Bureau 1358:Palestinian Parliament 1253:terrorist organization 1067:. It has governed the 828:reconciliation ongoing 304:Islamic fundamentalism 28:Hamas (disambiguation) 21764:Sunni Islamist groups 21204:Hibatullah Akhundzada 21027:Sufi–Salafi relations 20670:Hibatullah Akhundzada 19602:Palestinian dissident 19458:Temple Mount killings 19328:Coastal Road massacre 19014:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi 18589:Palestinian Authority 18529:Israel Defense Forces 18002:2023 attack on Israel 17584:Hamas Charter of 1988 17306:International Affairs 17103:Bloomsbury Publishing 16833:Kear, Martin (2018). 16448:Davis, Joyce (2004). 16257:The Crisis of Zionism 16178:Amossy, Ruth (2017). 14960:www.timesofisrael.com 14172:19 April 2014 at the 13401:10.1093/police/pan061 13300:Sen, Somdeep (2020). 13229:https://aja.me/wrr8z0 13075:https://aja.me/wrr8z0 12186:20 March 2024 at the 11944:20 March 2024 at the 11904:20 March 2024 at the 11882:20 March 2024 at the 11844:20 March 2024 at the 11798:20 March 2024 at the 11769:20 March 2024 at the 11628:20 March 2024 at the 11603:20 March 2024 at the 11578:20 March 2024 at the 11389:20 March 2024 at the 11096:. BRILL. p. 91. 11014:20 March 2024 at the 10989:20 March 2024 at the 10955:20 March 2024 at the 10933:20 March 2024 at the 10913:20 March 2024 at the 10806:20 March 2024 at the 10788:20 March 2024 at the 10761:20 March 2024 at the 10651:25 April 2009 at the 9955:20 March 2024 at the 9554:20 March 2024 at the 9517:the issue of refugees 9510:20 March 2024 at the 9244:on 18 September 2008. 7741:Timea Spitka (2023). 7711:Qossay Hamed (2023). 7612:Alsoos, Imad (2021). 7461:. 22 September 2023. 6282:Associated Press News 5003:Israel Defense Forces 4978:Politics of Palestine 4858:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 4845:Palestinian Authority 4812:group's main backer. 4798: 4572: 4545: 4464:, and former head of 4453:2023 Israel–Hamas war 4322: 4315:Terrorist designation 4302:Palestinian president 4248:Amnesty International 4177: 3378: 3328: 3238: 3043:Irish Republican Army 3027:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi 3009:(November 24, 1993), 2996: 2982: 2959: 2851:Rafah Border Crossing 2729:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi 2665: 2618: 2597:, editor-in-chief of 2369:Palestinian musicians 2212:original 1988 charter 2019:Palestinian authority 1987:On December 1, 2010, 1982:the issue of refugees 1791:Also on 6 June 2006, 1631:Recognition of Israel 1620:Irish Republican Army 1461:worlds following the 1430:, as well as alleged 1428:settlements expansion 1107:Battle of Gaza (2007) 413:Politics of Palestine 160:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi 21759:Resistance movements 21443:September 11 attacks 21413:Grand Mosque seizure 21219:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 21214:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam 20976:Muhammad Al-Munajjid 20685:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 20602:Islamic Action Front 20114:Nicaragua v. Germany 20074:Palestine and the UN 20011:Annapolis Conference 19942:Wye River Memorandum 19765:Gaza border protests 19759:Freedom Flotilla III 19715:Beit Hanoun shelling 19699:Gaza beach explosion 19416:Night of the Gliders 19004:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam 17977:Gaza War (2008–2009) 17722:Fatah–Hamas conflict 17618:' Information Office 16965:. pp. 101–127. 16161:Taylor & Francis 16028:Israel National News 15967:. NPR. 18 June 2015. 14839:, p. 203, n.27. 14769:The Terrorism Reader 14422:Agence France-Presse 13278:on 27 September 2007 13218:. NPR. 19 June 2007. 13196:on 20 September 2024 13163:. 13 December 2015. 13111:on 20 September 2024 12609:. 13 November 2023. 12265:on 18 September 2024 11359:. 18 December 2017. 10971:, p. 219, n.53. 10672:Hamas-Gaza-extremism 10606:27 June 2010 at the 10582:2 April 2012 at the 10560:by Editorial Staff, 10250:, (January 2, 2009). 9713:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 9386:, 22 December 2008, 9090:Taylor & Francis 8762:. 13 November 2023. 8739:Taylor & Francis 8405:. 15 December 2023. 8280:McClatchy Newspapers 8183:. 24 February 2007. 7887:Government of Canada 7415:Asaf Siniver (ed.). 7076:Taylor & Francis 6839:. 29 February 2024. 6807:"Fighting terrorism" 6750:. 21 December 2018. 4770:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 4712:, which lead to the 4622:Abdul Fattah al-Sisi 4403:use of human shields 4295:The resulting battle 4049:Defense and response 3958:affected (evacuated) 3401:Re'im music festival 3321:Attacks on civilians 3290:Palestinian keffiyeh 3142:factual accuracy is 2873:Social services wing 2787:Finances and funding 2717:Hamas' Shura Council 2408:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 2246:state in all former 2120:On 1 November 2023, 1892:In June 2007, Hamas 1701:(Islamic charitable 1420:continued occupation 1401:Israel attacked Gaza 870:Fatah–Hamas conflict 865:Gaza–Israel conflict 809:Non-state opponents: 786:United Arab Emirates 26:For other uses, see 21375:Islamic Declaration 20924:Young Kashgar Party 20195:Racism in Palestine 20173:Criticism of Israel 20155:Anti-Palestinianism 19981:Quartet established 19865:Lausanne Conference 19747:"Pillar of Defense" 19653:Temple Mount crisis 19588:"Days of Penitence" 19372:Zion Square bombing 19205:Reprisal operations 19193:Fedayeen insurgency 19074:military operations 18841:Amnon Lipkin-Shahak 18456:Politics portal 18102:Al-Aqsa Voice Radio 18095:Tomorrow's Pioneers 17967:IDF outpost bombing 17536:Middle East Monitor 16917:. pp. 156–72. 16113:The Times of Israel 16095:The Times of Israel 15457:. 22 December 2023. 15439:. 29 November 2023. 15419:The Times of Israel 15403:. 21 November 2023. 15356:. 2 September 2014. 15354:The Washington Post 15301:. 13 September 2023 15120:The Times of Israel 14804:The Washington Post 14378:The Daily Telegraph 14330:The Times of Israel 14270:The Washington Post 14252:The Times of Israel 14066:on 4 November 2003. 14005:, AFP March 2, 2009 13630:The Washington Post 13602:The Times of Israel 13049:McLaughlin, Jenna. 12699:on 20 January 2013. 12606:The Times of Israel 12398:Christian Chesnot, 12305:(12 October 2023). 10815:Picco, Giandomenico 10433:The Times of Israel 10075:, September 5, 2009 9715:. 4 November 2021. 9616:The Times of Israel 8851:Dr. Lorenzo Kamel, 8795:. 1 November 2023. 8760:The Washington Post 8428:Staff, Al Jazeera. 8282:. December 8, 2008. 8131:"The Gangs of Gaza" 7893:on 18 February 2018 7571:. pp. 179–180. 7549:Palestinian Chicago 7489:Negotiation Journal 7259:, pp. vii, 58. 6615:. 13 October 2023. 6586:The Times of Israel 6524:The Times of Israel 6383:. 17 October 2023. 6252:The Daily Telegraph 5614:Middle East Journal 5400:Hamas is one body." 5361:'Umar b. al-Khattab 4874:. Also in 2018 the 4627:insurgency in Sinai 4546:Pro-Hamas rally in 4426:European Parliament 4419:human rights abuses 4142:Operation Cast Lead 3278:Mandatory Palestine 3021:(August 21, 2003), 3015:Ibrahim al-Makadmeh 2962:Operation Cast Lead 2757:al-Maktab al-Siyasi 2612:On the other hand, 2520:of this section is 2289:magazine columnist 2248:Mandatory Palestine 2076:the Zionist project 1949:In September 2009, 1778:mandatory Palestine 1682:(that is, from the 1610:Mandatory Palestine 1606:Al Azhar University 1523:Mandatory Palestine 1481:(that is, from the 1298:by the Arabic word 1296:1988 Hamas Covenant 1229:Israeli settlements 1225:status of Jerusalem 1182:Mandatory Palestine 1154:Mandatory Palestine 299:Islamic nationalism 21674:Muslim Brotherhood 21649:Islamism in Israel 21433:Algerian Civil War 21408:Iranian Revolution 21367:Islamic Government 21265:Islam and violence 21239:Juhayman al-Otaybi 21152:Sub-Saharan Africa 20897:Authenticity Party 20665:Qazi Hussain Ahmad 20472:Muslim Brotherhood 20321:Islamic governance 20168:Criticism of Hamas 20121:Israeli occupation 20020:Israel controversy 19969:Clinton Parameters 19928:1994–present 19871:Israeli settlement 19869:1967–present 19797:"Shield and Arrow" 19737:Gaza flotilla raid 19647:2015–2016 violence 19556:"Defensive Shield" 19316:Savoy Hotel attack 19299:Lillehammer affair 19191:1948–present 19019:Ali Hassan Salameh 18816:Benjamin Netanyahu 18678:Third-party groups 18183:Criticism of Hamas 18112:Shehab News Agency 18069:Mujama al-Islamiya 17837:Al-Qassam Brigades 17616:Al-Qassam Brigades 17607:The New York Times 17525:. 7 December 2018. 16718:. pp. 67–71. 16512:Filiu, Jean-Pierre 16388:. pp. 66–96. 16133:. 21 October 2023. 16115:. 23 October 2023. 15821:, p. 224-225. 15669:The New York Times 15455:The New York Times 15421:. 3 December 2023. 14892:Ashgate Publishing 14827:, p. 273, n4. 14706:. 4 September 2024 14680:. 29 February 2024 14568:, January 19, 2015 14485:The Jerusalem Post 14408:Human Rights Watch 14276:on 26 January 2021 13910:on 1 January 2016. 13791:. 25 November 2023 13686:. 10 October 2023. 13604:. 17 November 2023 13582:. 9 October 2023. 13579:Human Rights Watch 13508:The Jerusalem Post 13418:Human Rights Watch 13308:. pp. 60–62. 13003:The New York Times 12515:Islam and Violence 12466:, pp. 107–08. 12430:, pp. 105–06. 12217:, pp. 122–23. 12054:Al-Jazeera English 11990:, March 12, 2019, 11988:The Jerusalem Post 11963:The Jerusalem Post 11917:Mark P. Sullivan, 11864:, pp. 172–74. 11727:, pp. 143–44. 11597:Islam and Politics 11286:The New York Times 11071:. 16 November 2023 10819:Rifkind, Gabrielle 10656:The New York Times 10629:. Cansu Çamlibel, 10518:Contemporary Islam 10335:, pp. 230–31. 10180:Aviad, G. (2009). 10073:The New York Times 10025:Simon and Schuster 9764:Martin, Clémence. 9420:on 15 January 2009 9000:The New York Times 8454:. 7 October 2023. 8380:2011-05-10 at the 8364:on 13 August 2011. 8339:2011-01-06 at the 8312:on 13 October 2009 8274:2014-10-06 at the 8237:2009-01-13 at the 8170:, October 3, 2006. 8162:2008-12-07 at the 8136:2010-07-08 at the 7872:, p. 115,214. 7458:The Jerusalem Post 7047:. September 2022. 6979:. pp. 30–32. 6972:Middle East Report 6865:. 20 August 2019. 6495:. 7 October 2023. 6355:The New York Times 6125:. 5 February 2024. 5960:. Deutsche Welle. 5681:Maqdsi, Muhammad. 5661:The New York Times 5598:, pp. 156–57. 5027:the main front of 4867:Benjamin Netanyahu 4841:Benjamin Netanyahu 4837:Ali Abdullah Saleh 4805: 4803:, 20 November 2012 4728:, and other Sunni 4614:Muslim Brotherhood 4583: 4556: 4537:two-state solution 4468:security services 4457:two-state solution 4449:Benjamin Netanyahu 4411:political freedoms 4387:political violence 4373:Criticism of Hamas 4351:to ban the group. 4336: 4279:Abdel-Latif Moussa 4271:stormed the Mosque 4264:Human Rights Watch 4255:summary executions 4180: 4138:Human Rights Watch 3600:Groups responsible 3393:Human Rights Watch 3385: 3358:asymmetric warfare 3335: 3329:Aftermath of 1996 3282:Al-Qassam Brigades 3241: 3092:Fathi Ahmad Hammad 3075:Shehab News Agency 3029:(April 17, 2004). 2999: 2966: 2863:Benjamin Netanyahu 2713:Invasion of Kuwait 2668: 2631:2017 Hamas charter 2477:two-state solution 2453:1988 Hamas charter 2302:2017 Hamas charter 2219:1988 Hamas charter 1972:, chairman of the 1854:The New York Times 1668:Israeli occupation 1467:Axis of Resistance 1330:Muslim Brotherhood 1186:1988 Hamas charter 1178:two-state solution 1095:Muslim Brotherhood 1091:Mujama al-Islamiya 1087:Israeli occupation 442:Dates of operation 345:Political alliance 248:Muslim Brotherhood 210:'Isa al-Nashshar 203:Abdul Fatah Dukhan 126:Military commander 21586: 21585: 21563: 21562: 21559: 21558: 21307: 21306: 21303: 21302: 21275:Islamic terrorism 21270:Islamic extremism 21249:Ayman al-Zawahiri 21244:Omar Abdel-Rahman 21050:Militant Islamism 21039: 21038: 21035: 21034: 20971:Rabee al-Madkhali 20932: 20931: 20823: 20822: 20790:Haji Shariatullah 20750:Yusuf al-Qaradawi 20730:Abul A'la Maududi 20725:Ruhollah Khomeini 20715:Alija Izetbegović 20700:Rached Ghannouchi 20690:Necmettin Erbakan 20647:Political leaders 20641: 20640: 20633:Islamic modernism 20562:National Congress 20494:Political parties 20407:Two-nation theory 20341:Islamic socialism 20331:Islamic democracy 20217: 20216: 20213: 20212: 20135: 20134: 20131: 20130: 20101:Wall construction 20092:UN Resolution 242 20086:UN Resolution 194 20080:UN Resolution 181 20069:Israel and the UN 20057: 20056: 19965:Camp David Summit 19906:Madrid Conference 19881:international law 19817: 19816: 19813: 19812: 19809: 19808: 19753:"Protective Edge" 19673: 19672: 19596: 19595: 19568:"Determined Path" 19485: 19484: 19424: 19423: 19346: 19345: 19287:Sabena Flight 571 19255: 19254: 19245:Battle of Karameh 19203:1950s–1960s 19160: 19159: 19146:Jewish insurgency 19113:Battle of Tel Hai 19056: 19055: 19052: 19051: 18811:Yitzhak Mordechai 18702: 18701: 18698: 18697: 18673: 18672: 18660:Sabireen Movement 18544:Shabak (Shin Bet) 18464: 18463: 18222: 18221: 18131:Foreign relations 18052: 18051: 18017: 18016: 17935: 17934: 17820: 17819: 17807:2005 presidential 17781:Mousa Abu Marzook 17256:978-1-4408-6502-2 17070:Rubenberg, Cheryl 16560:978-1-107-61354-6 16079:. 26 August 2020. 15854:Los Angeles Times 15725:. 19 October 2023 15275:Fattel, Isabel. 15231:. 28 October 2023 15200:. 16 October 2023 15035:. 3 November 2023 15015:. 19 October 2023 14882:Krista E. Wiegand 14644:The Causes of War 14556:, pp. 50–51. 14424:(21 April 2009). 14302:on 26 August 2014 14110:on 5 August 2011. 14041:. 3 October 2006. 13842:. 15 October 2023 13765:. 23 October 2023 13135: 13105:Al Jazeera Arabic 12665:on 9 October 2007 12536:on 26 April 2024. 12529:978-0-8156-2774-6 12478:, pp. 89ff.. 12289: 12259:Al Jazeera Arabic 12241:, pp. 48–49. 12168:, pp. 25–26. 12093:, pp. 16–23. 11619:Benedetta Berti, 11594:Peter Mandaville, 11560:, pp. 44–45. 11509:, pp. 11–12. 11497:, pp. 10–11. 11207:(4 August 2014). 11205:Goldberg, Jeffrey 11103:978-90-04-35982-6 10980:Ayala H. Emmett, 10501:, by Zvi Bar'el, 10296:, pp. 73–74. 9644:(12 March 2012). 9531:1 December 2010.) 9366:. April 22, 2008. 8346:November 20, 2008 8267:Dion Nissenbaum. 8083:978-1-627-79855-6 7749:. pp. 88–89. 7247:, pp. 67–69. 7126:on 8 October 2023 6554:alahednews.com.lb 6518:Fabian, Emanuel. 5867:Between the Lines 5690:Palestine Studies 5550:, pp. 66–67. 5293: 5281: 5248:[ħaˈmaːs] 5236: 5023:"Hamas considers 4905:, Haniyeh was in 4856:Turkish president 4849:Palestinian state 4736:Palestinian cause 4559:Foreign relations 4196:anti-tank rockets 4184:guerrilla tactics 4170:Guerrilla warfare 4133: 4132: 3343:Passover massacre 3219:Internal security 3191:According to the 3183: 3182: 3175: 3110:Al-Fateh magazine 3019:Ismail Abu Shanab 3017:(March 8, 2003), 3013:(July 23, 2002), 2886:lit. transl. 2846:sanctions on Iran 2805:George H. W. Bush 2769:Syrian opposition 2561: 2560: 2553: 2193:Masoud Pezeshkian 2151:In January 2024, 2028:would soon resume 1878:Mousa Abu Marzook 1688:Mediterranean Sea 1487:Mediterranean Sea 1463:7 October attacks 1249:launching rockets 1047: 1023: 1022: 630:Non-state allies: 431: 430: 418:Political parties 21776: 21639:Holocaust denial 21609:Anti-Americanism 21474:Anti-imperialism 21369:(Khomeini, 1970) 21345:(Khomeini, 1940) 21324: 21323: 21313: 21312: 21062: 21061: 21045: 21044: 20849: 20848: 20842: 20841: 20829: 20828: 20795:Hassan Al-Turabi 20607:United Arab List 20425: 20424: 20356:Islamic republic 20351:Islamic monarchy 20336:Islamic feminism 20259: 20258: 20244: 20237: 20230: 20221: 20220: 20190:Racism in Israel 20141: 20140: 20043:Palestine Papers 19936:Hebron Agreement 19876:settler violence 19841: 19840: 19834: 19833: 19823: 19822: 19801:Israel–Hamas war 19769:November clashes 19743:"Returning Echo" 19688: 19687: 19609: 19608: 19584:Beit Hanoun raid 19564:Battle of Nablus 19496: 19495: 19435: 19434: 19355: 19354: 19310:Ma'alot massacre 19270: 19269: 19239:War of Attrition 19180:Arab–Israeli War 19169: 19168: 19095: 19094: 19086: 19085: 19062: 19061: 18914:Marwan Barghouti 18746:David Ben-Gurion 18719: 18718: 18708: 18707: 18605:al-Aqsa Brigades 18559: 18558: 18517: 18516: 18506: 18505: 18491: 18484: 18477: 18468: 18467: 18454: 18453: 18426: 18418: 18410: 18402: 18389: 18381: 18373: 18365: 18357: 18344: 18324: 18315: 18300: 18291: 18249: 18242: 18235: 18226: 18225: 18214: 18213: 18188:Hamas war crimes 18176:Related articles 18132: 18019: 18018: 18007:Israel–Hamas war 17937: 17936: 17855: 17854: 17812:2006 legislative 17797: 17796: 17694: 17684: 17675: 17668: 17661: 17652: 17651: 17641: 17593:Internet Archive 17572: 17568:Official website 17564: 17561: 17556: 17555: 17553:Official website 17539: 17526: 17514: 17510:The Boston Globe 17499: 17491: 17482: 17461: 17427: 17393: 17362: 17351:10.2307/20031913 17333: 17300: 17266:Journal articles 17260: 17241: 17220: 17218: 17216: 17211:on 10 March 2016 17210: 17204:. 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Archived from 16038: 16032: 16031: 16020: 16014: 16013: 16011: 16009: 15994: 15988: 15975: 15969: 15968: 15961: 15955: 15954: 15946: 15940: 15939: 15927: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15916: 15893: 15884: 15883: 15881: 15879: 15865: 15859: 15858: 15845: 15839: 15838: 15831: 15822: 15816: 15810: 15804: 15798: 15792: 15781: 15780: 15778: 15776: 15762: 15756: 15755: 15741: 15735: 15734: 15732: 15730: 15715: 15709: 15708: 15706: 15704: 15687: 15681: 15680: 15678: 15676: 15659: 15653: 15647: 15638: 15632: 15623: 15622:, p. 84-85. 15617: 15611: 15610: 15599: 15590: 15584: 15578: 15572: 15561: 15555: 15549: 15548: 15547:on 16 June 2016. 15537: 15524: 15523: 15509: 15500: 15494: 15488: 15482: 15476: 15470: 15459: 15458: 15447: 15441: 15440: 15429: 15423: 15422: 15411: 15405: 15404: 15393: 15387: 15386: 15378: 15372: 15371: 15364: 15358: 15357: 15346: 15340: 15339: 15332: 15326: 15320: 15311: 15310: 15308: 15306: 15289: 15283: 15277:"What is Hamas?" 15273: 15267: 15266: 15259: 15253: 15247: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15236: 15221: 15210: 15209: 15207: 15205: 15190: 15184: 15183: 15181: 15179: 15174:. 9 October 2023 15164: 15158: 15157: 15155: 15153: 15138: 15132: 15131: 15129: 15127: 15122:. 8 October 2023 15112: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15094: 15078: 15063: 15061: 15059: 15044: 15042: 15040: 15024: 15022: 15020: 15003: 14997: 14996: 14994: 14992: 14977: 14971: 14970: 14968: 14966: 14952: 14946: 14945: 14939: 14937: 14920: 14914: 14901: 14895: 14879: 14873: 14872: 14870: 14868: 14854: 14846: 14840: 14834: 14828: 14822: 14816: 14815: 14813: 14811: 14794: 14788: 14779: 14773: 14764: 14758: 14752: 14746: 14737: 14731: 14722: 14716: 14715: 14713: 14711: 14696: 14690: 14689: 14687: 14685: 14666: 14660: 14654: 14648: 14639: 14633: 14632: 14630: 14628: 14617: 14611: 14597: 14591: 14590: 14585:. 26 July 2017. 14575: 14569: 14563: 14557: 14551: 14545: 14539: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14528: 14517: 14511: 14495: 14489: 14488: 14477: 14471: 14470: 14463: 14457: 14456: 14449: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14438: 14418: 14412: 14411: 14400: 14394: 14393: 14391: 14389: 14369: 14363: 14362: 14360: 14358: 14347: 14341: 14340: 14338: 14336: 14321: 14312: 14311: 14309: 14307: 14292: 14286: 14285: 14283: 14281: 14262: 14256: 14255: 14244: 14238: 14237: 14235: 14233: 14221: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14210: 14195: 14189: 14183: 14177: 14164: 14155: 14154: 14146: 14140: 14139: 14137: 14135: 14128:Voice of America 14118: 14112: 14111: 14096: 14090: 14089: 14080:(31 July 2008). 14074: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14059:. 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Archived from 12509: 12503: 12497: 12491: 12485: 12479: 12473: 12467: 12461: 12455: 12449: 12443: 12437: 12431: 12425: 12419: 12413: 12407: 12397: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12368: 12362: 12356: 12350: 12344: 12335: 12334: 12332: 12330: 12299: 12293: 12292: 12284: 12282: 12275:(image caption) 12272: 12270: 12251: 12242: 12236: 12230: 12224: 12218: 12212: 12206: 12197: 12191: 12175: 12169: 12163: 12157: 12151: 12145: 12144:, pp. 47ff. 12139: 12133: 12127: 12121: 12115: 12106: 12100: 12094: 12088: 12082: 12076: 12070: 12069: 12067: 12065: 12046: 12040: 12039: 12037: 12035: 12007: 12001: 11985: 11979: 11978: 11976: 11974: 11955: 11949: 11935: 11929: 11915: 11909: 11893: 11887: 11873:Lawrence Rubin, 11871: 11865: 11859: 11853: 11852:, 2015 pp. 48–49 11833: 11827: 11821: 11815: 11809: 11803: 11787: 11774: 11758: 11749: 11746: 11740: 11734: 11728: 11722: 11716: 11710: 11699: 11693: 11687: 11681: 11675: 11669: 11660: 11654: 11648: 11641:Mohammed Ayoob, 11639: 11633: 11617: 11608: 11592: 11583: 11567: 11561: 11555: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11528: 11522: 11516: 11510: 11504: 11498: 11492: 11486: 11485: 11479: 11477: 11437: 11431: 11425: 11419: 11408: 11402: 11379: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11349: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11338: 11322: 11316: 11309: 11303: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11282: 11274: 11268: 11267: 11261: 11259: 11235: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11224: 11201: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11167: 11161: 11160: 11155: 11153: 11129: 11123: 11122: 11117: 11115: 11087: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11076: 11061: 11055: 11054: 11052: 11050: 11041:. The Atlantic. 11034: 11023: 11022:, 2010 pp. 26–27 11000: 10994: 10978: 10972: 10966: 10960: 10944: 10938: 10924: 10918: 10902: 10896: 10885:Gabriel Weimann, 10883: 10877: 10871: 10865: 10859: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10846: 10772: 10766: 10750: 10744: 10738: 10732: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10715: 10695: 10686: 10669: 10663: 10643: 10637: 10617: 10611: 10601:Letter from Gaza 10597: 10591: 10574: 10565: 10562:The New Humanist 10548: 10542: 10541:, July 13, 2005. 10539:Associated Press 10535: 10529: 10514: 10508: 10489: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10468:on 7 August 2011 10458: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10444: 10424: 10418: 10402: 10396: 10383: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10354: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10306: 10297: 10291: 10285: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10257: 10251: 10232: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10206: 10200: 10186: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10166: 10138: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10107: 10101: 10100: 10082: 10076: 10060: 10047: 10041: 10032: 10016: 10007: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9973: 9964: 9946:Louise Fawcett, 9944: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9930: 9915: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9887: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9861: 9855: 9854: 9848: 9846: 9821: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9761: 9755: 9754: 9752: 9750: 9735: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9724: 9705: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9675: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9638: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9607: 9601: 9595: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9565: 9559: 9543: 9532: 9525:28 May 2010 and 9496: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9476:. 14 June 2007. 9466: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9455: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9416:, archived from 9405: 9399: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9376: 9367: 9353: 9344: 9338: 9332: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9309: 9303: 9302: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9255: 9246: 9245: 9240:. Archived from 9217: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9175: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9142: 9133: 9132: 9100: 9094: 9093: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9060: 9059: 9049: 9025: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9014: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8960: 8951: 8945: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8911: 8898: 8892: 8886: 8885: 8873: 8867: 8866:, August 5, 2014 8849: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8818: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8804: 8785: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8752: 8743: 8742: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8709: 8703: 8694: 8688: 8677: 8662: 8653: 8647: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8591: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8565: 8559: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8539: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8474: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8393: 8387: 8372: 8366: 8365: 8360:. Archived from 8353: 8347: 8331: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8311: 8300: 8292: 8283: 8265: 8259: 8253: 8247: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8207:"Who are Hamas?" 8203: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8177: 8171: 8153: 8147: 8146:, June 26, 2006. 8128: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8094: 8088: 8087: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8051: 8045: 8036: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8007: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7961: 7955: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7936: 7934: 7929:on 10 April 2010 7928: 7917: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7889:. Archived from 7879: 7873: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7836: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7762: 7751: 7750: 7738: 7729: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7683: 7659: 7644: 7643: 7633: 7609: 7592: 7586: 7575: 7572: 7559: 7543: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7509: 7486: 7477: 7466: 7465: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7435: 7429: 7426:, pp. 61–62 7420: 7405: 7392: 7376: 7369:Gaza Under Hamas 7361: 7355: 7354: 7347: 7332: 7326: 7320: 7309: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7208: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7181: 7175: 7174: 7168: 7166: 7150: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7020: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6888: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6859: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6744: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6465:. 16 June 2021. 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6412:Flashpoint Intel 6403: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6317: 6306: 6305: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6273: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6214: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6184: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6150: 6141: 6140: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6091:. 22 April 2024. 6085: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6026: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5983: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5953: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5876:978-1931859-44-8 5862: 5856: 5855: 5841: 5835: 5833: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5698: 5687: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5610:"Hamas in Power" 5605: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5435: 5419: 5416: 5410: 5407: 5401: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5379: 5377: 5370: 5364: 5357: 5351: 5348: 5342: 5330: 5324: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5295: 5288: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5229: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5177: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5134: 5126: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5098: 5095: 5089: 5078: 5072: 5061: 5055: 5052:Syrian civil war 5048: 5042: 5039: 5033: 5021: 5015: 5012: 5006: 4999: 4963:History of Hamas 4953:Hamas war crimes 4947: 4942: 4941: 4933: 4931:Palestine portal 4928: 4927: 4926: 4911:Israel–Hamas war 4742:Qatar and Turkey 4718:Mahmoud Al-Zahar 4587:Mahmoud al-Zahar 4533:attack on Israel 4407:child combatants 4332: 4326: 4283:Jund Ansar Allah 4236:Associated Press 4157:Condoleezza Rice 4125: 4118: 4111: 3811:Regional Council 3659:Tawhid wal-Jihad 3450: 3434: 3433: 3413:Psyduck festival 3266:central building 3178: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3158: 3155:reliably sourced 3135: 3134: 3127: 3096:Voice of al-Aqsa 2915: 2906: 2898: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2855:Yemeni Civil War 2807:'s outline of a 2777:Syrian civil war 2754: 2595:Jeffrey Goldberg 2556: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2510: 2509: 2502: 2355:In the West Bank 2308:Religious policy 2291:Jeffrey Goldberg 2174:Associated Press 2126:Israel–Hamas war 1733:killed by Israel 1658:social-religious 1424:blockade of Gaza 1388:then imposed an 1320:History of Hamas 1309: 1308: 1303: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1245:suicide bombings 1069:Israeli-occupied 1052: 1042: 1040: 1011: 1009: 1008: 998: 996: 995: 985: 983: 982: 972: 970: 969: 959: 957: 956: 946: 944: 943: 933: 931: 930: 920: 918: 917: 907: 905: 904: 853:Battles and wars 840: 838: 837: 822: 821: 797: 795: 794: 784: 782: 781: 771: 769: 768: 758: 756: 755: 744:State opponents: 724: 723: 722: 711: 710: 699: 697: 696: 681: 680: 679: 669: 667: 666: 655: 654: 653: 643: 642: 618: 616: 615: 604: 602: 601: 590: 588: 587: 570: 568: 567: 556: 554: 553: 537: 535: 534: 523: 521: 520: 510: 508: 507: 497: 495: 494: 443: 433: 432: 392: 377: 361: 324:Anti-imperialism 295: 239: 237: 188:Mahmoud al-Zahar 182: 178: 74: 63: 62: 61: 49: 48: 21784: 21783: 21779: 21778: 21777: 21775: 21774: 21773: 21669:Jihadist groups 21589: 21588: 21587: 21582: 21555: 21551:Political Islam 21529: 21498: 21494:Islamic revival 21462: 21395: 21389: 21385:(Gaddafi, 1975) 21318: 21299: 21253: 21224:Osama bin Laden 21209:Anwar al-Awlaki 21192: 21186:in North Africa 21133:Lashkar-e-Taiba 21081: 21077:Salafi jihadism 21056: 21031: 21000: 20966:Safar al-Hawali 20928: 20878: 20836: 20834:Salafi movement 20819: 20695:Muammar Gaddafi 20680:Hassan al-Banna 20648: 20637: 20611: 20542:Jamiat-e Islami 20488: 20462:Jamaat-e-Islami 20450:in Central Asia 20428:Socio-political 20416: 20304: 20293:Salafi jihadism 20253: 20248: 20218: 20209: 20146: 20127: 20053: 20047:2013–2014 20024: 19952: 19910:1993–1995 19898:1981–1982 19887: 19828: 19805: 19791:"Breaking Dawn" 19729:2008–2009 19711:"Autumn Clouds" 19684: 19681: 19669: 19665:Al-Aqsa clashes 19636:Al-Aqsa clashes 19605: 19603: 19592: 19560:Battle of Jenin 19491:Second Intifada 19481: 19420: 19383:Siege of Beirut 19342: 19291:Munich massacre 19266: 19263: 19251: 19237:1967–1970 19227:Rafah massacres 19197:1951–1967 19156: 19150:1947–1948 19144:1944–1947 19138:1936–1939 19132:Hebron massacre 19127:Palestine riots 19108:Nebi Musa riots 19080: 19048: 18994:Abu Ali Mustafa 18949:Amin al-Husayni 18919:Mohammed Dahlan 18875: 18751:Naftali Bennett 18713: 18694: 18669: 18593: 18548: 18511: 18500: 18495: 18465: 18460: 18448: 18430: 18424: 18416: 18408: 18400: 18387: 18379: 18371: 18363: 18355: 18342: 18329: 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I.B. Tauris. 17113: 17090: 17062: 17038: 17015: 16994: 16973: 16946: 16925: 16895: 16879:Levitt, Matthew 16871: 16855:Levitt, Matthew 16847: 16826: 16801: 16776: 16751: 16726: 16699: 16676: 16653: 16630: 16620:Scarecrow Press 16605: 16584: 16561: 16514:(Spring 2012). 16504: 16483: 16462: 16441: 16404: 16365: 16340: 16317: 16309:. I.B. Tauris. 16293: 16285:. I.B. Tauris. 16272: 16244: 16219: 16194: 16171: 16148: 16143: 16138: 16125: 16124: 16120: 16107: 16106: 16102: 16097:. 26 July 2023. 16089: 16088: 16084: 16071: 16070: 16066: 16056: 16054: 16039: 16035: 16022: 16021: 16017: 16007: 16005: 15995: 15991: 15985:Wayback Machine 15976: 15972: 15963: 15962: 15958: 15947: 15943: 15928: 15924: 15914: 15912: 15894: 15887: 15877: 15875: 15867: 15866: 15862: 15857:. 19 June 2017. 15847: 15846: 15842: 15833: 15832: 15825: 15817: 15813: 15805: 15801: 15793: 15784: 15774: 15772: 15770:Radio Free Asia 15764: 15763: 15759: 15751:Times of Israel 15742: 15738: 15728: 15726: 15717: 15716: 15712: 15702: 15700: 15688: 15684: 15674: 15672: 15660: 15656: 15648: 15641: 15633: 15626: 15618: 15614: 15607:Middle East Eye 15601: 15600: 15593: 15585: 15581: 15573: 15564: 15556: 15552: 15539: 15538: 15527: 15510: 15503: 15495: 15491: 15483: 15479: 15471: 15462: 15449: 15448: 15444: 15431: 15430: 15426: 15413: 15412: 15408: 15401:The Daily Beast 15395: 15394: 15390: 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14560: 14552: 14548: 14540: 14536: 14526: 14524: 14519: 14518: 14514: 14496: 14492: 14479: 14478: 14474: 14465: 14464: 14460: 14451: 14450: 14446: 14436: 14434: 14419: 14415: 14410:. 13 June 2007. 14402: 14401: 14397: 14387: 14385: 14384:on 15 June 2007 14370: 14366: 14356: 14354: 14349: 14348: 14344: 14334: 14332: 14322: 14315: 14305: 14303: 14294: 14293: 14289: 14279: 14277: 14264: 14263: 14259: 14246: 14245: 14241: 14231: 14229: 14222: 14218: 14208: 14206: 14196: 14192: 14184: 14180: 14174:Wayback Machine 14165: 14158: 14147: 14143: 14133: 14131: 14119: 14115: 14098: 14097: 14093: 14075: 14071: 14063: 14056: 14050: 14046: 14031: 14030: 14023: 14014: 14013: 14009: 14001: 13997: 13991:Wayback Machine 13982: 13978: 13969: 13965: 13955: 13953: 13946: 13942: 13932: 13930: 13919: 13915: 13896: 13892: 13884: 13880: 13870: 13868: 13860: 13859: 13855: 13845: 13843: 13834: 13833: 13829: 13819: 13817: 13809: 13808: 13804: 13794: 13792: 13789:Washington Post 13783: 13782: 13778: 13768: 13766: 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7777: 7764: 7763: 7754: 7739: 7732: 7724: 7720: 7709: 7705: 7660: 7647: 7610: 7595: 7587: 7578: 7555:. p. 199. 7527: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7484: 7478: 7469: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7437: 7436: 7432: 7414: 7396:Maria Koinova. 7395: 7379: 7367:Bjorn Brenner. 7366: 7362: 7358: 7349: 7348: 7335: 7327: 7323: 7310: 7301: 7293: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7268: 7267: 7263: 7255: 7251: 7243: 7239: 7229: 7227: 7209: 7205: 7195: 7193: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7164: 7162: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7086: 7078:. p. 239. 7068: 7064: 7054: 7052: 7033: 7032: 7028: 7018: 7016: 6985:10.2307/3012813 6963: 6959: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6920: 6919: 6915: 6905: 6903: 6890: 6889: 6882: 6872: 6870: 6861: 6860: 6856: 6846: 6844: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6790: 6788: 6771: 6767: 6757: 6755: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6731: 6729: 6720: 6719: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6679: 6677: 6670:Times of Israel 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6596: 6594: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6516: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6404: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6375: 6374: 6370: 6360: 6358: 6346: 6342: 6332: 6330: 6318: 6309: 6294: 6290: 6275: 6274: 6267: 6257: 6255: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6215: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6185: 6178: 6168: 6166: 6151: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6121: 6120: 6116: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6087: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6069:. 18 April 2024 6059: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6027: 6006: 5996: 5994: 5985: 5984: 5977: 5967: 5965: 5954: 5947: 5937: 5935: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5888: 5884: 5877: 5863: 5859: 5842: 5838: 5816: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5790: 5786: 5767: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5744: 5728: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5685: 5679: 5675: 5665: 5663: 5653: 5649: 5626:10.3751/61.3.13 5606: 5602: 5594: 5590: 5582: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5558: 5554: 5546: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5517: 5513: 5505: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5423: 5422: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5382: 5371: 5367: 5358: 5354: 5349: 5345: 5331: 5327: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5251: 5243: 5217: 5206: 5205: 5181: 5172: 5171: 5165: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5092: 5079: 5075: 5062: 5058: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4945:Politics portal 4943: 4936: 4929: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4801:Numan Kurtulmuş 4778:political party 4754: 4744: 4607:Bashar al-Assad 4567: 4561: 4484: 4475:Times of Israel 4446: 4440: 4435: 4401:, its reported 4383: 4371:Main articles: 4369: 4334: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4317: 4232: 4224: 4190:Hamas has used 4172: 4161:Hillary Clinton 4129: 3919: 3898: 3872: 3846: 3726:Cities affected 3462: 3456: 3439: 3432: 3426: 3323: 3306: 3233: 3221: 3201: 3179: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3148: 3140:This section's 3136: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3112: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3060: 3051: 2954: 2948: 2888: 2875: 2811:as embodying a 2809:New World Order 2789: 2773:Bashar al-Assad 2761:Israeli prisons 2741:Majlis al-Shura 2737: 2660: 2654: 2649: 2633: 2627: 2587:Nazi propaganda 2567: 2557: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2526: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2479:, stating that 2461: 2455: 2449: 2444: 2404: 2392:Mahmoud Darwish 2388:religious edict 2357: 2325: 2317:Main articles: 2315: 2310: 2208: 2200:Khalil al-Hayya 2169:Khalil al-Hayya 2109:—member of the 2105:On 24 October, 2088: 2054:, chief of the 2046:) presenting a 2036: 1902: 1766: 1723: 1650: 1645: 1633: 1547: 1545:Truce proposals 1501:, chief of the 1475: 1440:sexual violence 1372:portion of the 1322: 1316: 1265: 1202:Islamic context 1019: 1006: 1004: 993: 991: 980: 978: 967: 965: 954: 952: 941: 939: 928: 926: 915: 913: 902: 900: 895: 894: 879: 848: 835: 833: 816: 811: 810: 805: 792: 790: 779: 777: 766: 764: 753: 751: 746: 745: 733: 720: 718: 705: 694: 692: 677: 675: 664: 662: 651: 649: 637: 632: 631: 626: 613: 611: 599: 597: 585: 583: 565: 563: 551: 549: 532: 530: 518: 516: 505: 503: 492: 490: 481: 480: 441: 427: 378: 375: 359: 329: 291: 244:Split from 235: 233: 224: 184: 183: 176: 174: 170: 108:Abu Omar Hassan 98:Khalil al-Hayya 77: 65: 64: 57: 55: 45: 38: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 21782: 21772: 21771: 21766: 21761: 21756: 21751: 21746: 21741: 21736: 21731: 21726: 21721: 21716: 21711: 21706: 21701: 21696: 21691: 21686: 21681: 21676: 21671: 21666: 21661: 21656: 21651: 21646: 21641: 21636: 21631: 21626: 21621: 21616: 21611: 21606: 21601: 21584: 21583: 21581: 21580: 21575: 21568: 21565: 21564: 21561: 21560: 21557: 21556: 21554: 21553: 21548: 21543: 21537: 21535: 21534:Related topics 21531: 21530: 21528: 21527: 21525:United Kingdom 21522: 21517: 21512: 21506: 21504: 21500: 21499: 21497: 21496: 21491: 21486: 21481: 21476: 21470: 21468: 21464: 21463: 21461: 21460: 21455: 21450: 21445: 21440: 21438:Faith campaign 21435: 21430: 21425: 21420: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21399: 21397: 21391: 21390: 21388: 21387: 21383:The Green Book 21379: 21371: 21363: 21355: 21347: 21339: 21337:(Iqbal, 1930s) 21335:Reconstruction 21330: 21328: 21320: 21319: 21309: 21308: 21305: 21304: 21301: 21300: 21298: 21297: 21295:Talibanization 21292: 21287: 21282: 21277: 21272: 21267: 21261: 21259: 21255: 21254: 21252: 21251: 21246: 21241: 21236: 21231: 21229:Akhtar Mansour 21226: 21221: 21216: 21211: 21206: 21200: 21198: 21194: 21193: 21191: 21190: 21189: 21188: 21183: 21178: 21168: 21167: 21166: 21165: 21164: 21159: 21149: 21148: 21147: 21140:Southeast Asia 21137: 21136: 21135: 21130: 21120: 21119: 21118: 21113: 21108: 21106:Fatah al-Islam 21103: 21089: 21087: 21083: 21082: 21080: 21079: 21074: 21068: 21066: 21058: 21057: 21041: 21040: 21037: 21036: 21033: 21032: 21030: 21029: 21024: 21019: 21014: 21008: 21006: 21002: 21001: 20999: 20998: 20993: 20988: 20986:Salman al-Ouda 20983: 20978: 20973: 20968: 20963: 20958: 20953: 20948: 20942: 20940: 20934: 20933: 20930: 20929: 20927: 20926: 20921: 20916: 20915: 20914: 20904: 20899: 20894: 20888: 20886: 20880: 20879: 20877: 20876: 20871: 20869:Sahwa movement 20866: 20861: 20855: 20853: 20846: 20838: 20837: 20825: 20824: 20821: 20820: 20818: 20817: 20812: 20807: 20802: 20797: 20792: 20787: 20782: 20777: 20772: 20767: 20765:Ata Abu Rashta 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20717: 20712: 20710:Muhammad Iqbal 20707: 20702: 20697: 20692: 20687: 20682: 20677: 20672: 20667: 20662: 20657: 20655:Muhammad Abduh 20651: 20649: 20646: 20643: 20642: 20639: 20638: 20636: 20635: 20630: 20625: 20619: 20617: 20613: 20612: 20610: 20609: 20604: 20599: 20594: 20592:Fatah Alliance 20589: 20584: 20579: 20574: 20569: 20564: 20559: 20554: 20549: 20544: 20539: 20534: 20529: 20524: 20519: 20514: 20509: 20504: 20498: 20496: 20490: 20489: 20487: 20486: 20485: 20484: 20479: 20469: 20464: 20459: 20454: 20453: 20452: 20447: 20440:Hizb ut-Tahrir 20437: 20431: 20429: 20422: 20418: 20417: 20415: 20414: 20409: 20404: 20399: 20392: 20387: 20382: 20377: 20376: 20375: 20365: 20360: 20359: 20358: 20353: 20343: 20338: 20333: 20328: 20323: 20318: 20312: 20310: 20306: 20305: 20303: 20302: 20297: 20296: 20295: 20285: 20284: 20283: 20273: 20267: 20265: 20255: 20254: 20247: 20246: 20239: 20232: 20224: 20215: 20214: 20211: 20210: 20208: 20207: 20202: 20197: 20192: 20187: 20185:Media coverage 20182: 20181: 20180: 20175: 20170: 20162: 20157: 20151: 20148: 20147: 20137: 20136: 20133: 20132: 20129: 20128: 20126: 20125: 20124: 20123: 20117: 20109: 20103: 20094: 20088: 20082: 20076: 20071: 20065: 20063: 20062:United Nations 20059: 20058: 20055: 20054: 20052: 20051: 20045: 20039: 20032: 20030: 20026: 20025: 20023: 20022: 20013: 20007: 20001: 19995: 19989: 19983: 19977: 19971: 19960: 19958: 19954: 19953: 19951: 19950: 19944: 19938: 19932: 19926: 19920: 19918:Paris Protocol 19914: 19908: 19902: 19895: 19893: 19889: 19888: 19886: 19885: 19884: 19883: 19878: 19867: 19861: 19860: 19859: 19847: 19845: 19838: 19830: 19829: 19819: 19818: 19815: 19814: 19811: 19810: 19807: 19806: 19804: 19803: 19793: 19787: 19781: 19771: 19761: 19755: 19749: 19739: 19733: 19727: 19717: 19707:"Summer Rains" 19694: 19692: 19685: 19678: 19675: 19674: 19671: 19670: 19668: 19667: 19661: 19655: 19649: 19644: 19638: 19632: 19622: 19615: 19613: 19606: 19601: 19598: 19597: 19594: 19593: 19591: 19590: 19576: 19570: 19546: 19538: 19536:October events 19532: 19527: 19526: 19525: 19515: 19514: 19513: 19502: 19500: 19493: 19487: 19486: 19483: 19482: 19480: 19479: 19473: 19472: 19471: 19460: 19454: 19452:Bus 405 attack 19448: 19441: 19439: 19432: 19430:First Intifada 19426: 19425: 19422: 19421: 19419: 19418: 19412: 19399: 19397:Bus 300 affair 19393: 19387: 19386: 19385: 19374: 19368: 19366:Yom Kippur War 19361: 19359: 19352: 19348: 19347: 19344: 19343: 19341: 19340: 19334: 19324: 19318: 19312: 19302: 19283: 19276: 19274: 19267: 19260: 19257: 19256: 19253: 19252: 19250: 19249: 19248: 19247: 19235: 19229: 19215: 19213:Qibya massacre 19209: 19208: 19207: 19201: 19189: 19188: 19187: 19175: 19173: 19166: 19162: 19161: 19158: 19157: 19155: 19154: 19148: 19142: 19136: 19135: 19134: 19123: 19117: 19116: 19115: 19110: 19101: 19099: 19092: 19082: 19081: 19079: 19078: 19077: 19076: 19058: 19057: 19054: 19053: 19050: 19049: 19047: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19029:Ramadan Shalah 19026: 19021: 19016: 19011: 19006: 19001: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18956: 18951: 18946: 18944:Nayef Hawatmeh 18941: 18939:Ismail Haniyeh 18936: 18931: 18926: 18921: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18885: 18883: 18877: 18876: 18874: 18873: 18868: 18863: 18858: 18856:Shabtai Shavit 18853: 18848: 18846:Yitzhak Shamir 18843: 18838: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18803: 18798: 18793: 18788: 18783: 18778: 18773: 18768: 18763: 18758: 18756:Menachem Begin 18753: 18748: 18743: 18738: 18733: 18727: 18725: 18715: 18714: 18704: 18703: 18700: 18699: 18696: 18695: 18693: 18692: 18687: 18681: 18679: 18675: 18674: 18671: 18670: 18668: 18667: 18665:Sons of Zouari 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18620:Jenin Brigades 18617: 18612: 18607: 18601: 18599: 18595: 18594: 18592: 18591: 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18565: 18563: 18556: 18550: 18549: 18547: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18525: 18523: 18513: 18512: 18502: 18501: 18494: 18493: 18486: 18479: 18471: 18462: 18461: 18459: 18458: 18446: 18441: 18435: 18432: 18431: 18429: 18428: 18420: 18412: 18404: 18396: 18391: 18383: 18375: 18367: 18359: 18351: 18346: 18337: 18335: 18331: 18330: 18328: 18327: 18318: 18309: 18303: 18294: 18285: 18279: 18272: 18270: 18260: 18259: 18252: 18251: 18244: 18237: 18229: 18220: 18219: 18216:Category:Hamas 18209: 18206: 18205: 18203: 18202: 18197: 18192: 18191: 18190: 18179: 18177: 18173: 18172: 18170: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18139:Support from ( 18136: 18134: 18126: 18125: 18123: 18122: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18098: 18097: 18086: 18084: 18080: 18079: 18077: 18076: 18071: 18066: 18060: 18058: 18054: 18053: 18050: 18049: 18047: 18046: 18041: 18036: 18031: 18025: 18023: 18015: 18014: 18012: 18011: 18010: 18009: 17999: 17994: 17989: 17984: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17954: 17949: 17943: 17941: 17933: 17932: 17930: 17929: 17927:Ahmed Ghandour 17924: 17922:Yunis al-Astal 17919: 17914: 17909: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17887:Adnan al-Ghoul 17884: 17879: 17874: 17870:Spokesperson: 17868: 17861: 17859: 17852: 17851: 17846: 17845: 17844: 17834: 17828: 17826: 17822: 17821: 17818: 17817: 17815: 17814: 17809: 17803: 17801: 17794: 17793: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17763: 17761:Ismail Haniyeh 17758: 17753: 17747: 17745: 17744:Political wing 17741: 17740: 17738: 17737: 17731: 17730: 17729: 17719: 17714: 17709: 17698: 17696: 17688: 17687: 17678: 17677: 17670: 17663: 17655: 17649: 17648: 17635: 17626: 17619: 17610: 17601: 17596: 17586: 17581: 17573: 17565: 17546: 17545:External links 17543: 17541: 17540: 17527: 17523:Deutsche Welle 17515: 17500: 17483: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17462: 17428: 17394: 17363: 17334: 17301: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17261: 17255: 17242: 17237:978-0230117716 17236: 17221: 17201:978-0199533558 17200: 17178: 17173:978-0190459086 17172: 17157: 17152:978-1400873845 17151: 17136: 17130: 17117: 17111: 17094: 17089:978-1555879563 17088: 17066: 17061:978-0691124483 17060: 17042: 17037:978-0253216212 17036: 17019: 17014:978-1412812016 17013: 16998: 16993:978-0698192188 16992: 16977: 16972:978-9292220617 16971: 16950: 16945:978-1137310194 16944: 16929: 16924:978-1135753641 16923: 16899: 16894:978-0742565661 16893: 16875: 16870:978-0300122589 16869: 16851: 16846:978-0429999406 16845: 16830: 16825:978-0761805359 16824: 16805: 16800:978-1588268822 16799: 16780: 16775:978-1440839030 16774: 16755: 16750:978-0745325910 16749: 16730: 16725:978-1610690683 16724: 16703: 16698:978-9774165139 16697: 16680: 16675:978-1317665595 16674: 16657: 16652:978-0812239744 16651: 16634: 16629:978-0810878211 16628: 16609: 16604:978-1421406718 16603: 16588: 16583:978-0815631118 16582: 16565: 16559: 16546: 16508: 16503:978-1317384946 16502: 16487: 16482:978-1317402589 16481: 16466: 16461:978-1403966810 16460: 16445: 16440:978-1442274990 16439: 16424: 16402: 16369: 16364:978-1440831041 16363: 16344: 16339:978-8171886166 16338: 16321: 16316:978-1845113896 16315: 16297: 16292:978-1786731425 16291: 16276: 16271:978-0522861761 16270: 16252:Beinart, Peter 16248: 16243:978-0804797412 16242: 16223: 16218:978-0313324857 16217: 16198: 16193:978-1351728966 16192: 16175: 16170:978-1317267140 16169: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16136: 16118: 16100: 16082: 16064: 16053:on 16 May 2022 16047:trendsresearch 16033: 16030:. 16 May 2018. 16015: 15989: 15970: 15956: 15941: 15922: 15885: 15860: 15840: 15823: 15811: 15809:, p. 145. 15799: 15797:, p. 144. 15782: 15757: 15736: 15710: 15682: 15654: 15639: 15637:, p. 185. 15624: 15612: 15591: 15589:, p. 110. 15579: 15577:, p. 109. 15562: 15560:, p. 108. 15550: 15525: 15501: 15489: 15477: 15460: 15442: 15424: 15406: 15388: 15373: 15359: 15341: 15327: 15312: 15284: 15268: 15254: 15242: 15211: 15185: 15159: 15148:. 15 June 2021 15146:Foreign Policy 15133: 15102: 15100: 15099: 15079: 15064: 15045: 15025: 14998: 14972: 14947: 14915: 14896: 14874: 14841: 14829: 14817: 14789: 14774: 14759: 14757:, p. 199. 14747: 14732: 14717: 14691: 14661: 14649: 14634: 14612: 14592: 14570: 14558: 14546: 14544:, p. 234. 14534: 14512: 14510:, 2014, p. 15. 14490: 14472: 14458: 14444: 14413: 14395: 14364: 14342: 14313: 14287: 14257: 14239: 14216: 14190: 14178: 14156: 14141: 14113: 14091: 14078:Corey Flintoff 14069: 14044: 14021: 14007: 13995: 13976: 13963: 13940: 13913: 13890: 13888:April 11, 2010 13878: 13853: 13827: 13802: 13776: 13750: 13716: 13689: 13671: 13648: 13615: 13589: 13565: 13538: 13511: 13496:on 9 June 2008 13481: 13470:on 24 May 2010 13455: 13444:on 24 May 2010 13429: 13406: 13379: 13352: 13350:, p. 123. 13340: 13321: 13314: 13289: 13270:(in Swedish). 13258: 13232: 13221: 13207: 13169: 13140: 13089: 13078: 13067: 13041: 13023: 12986: 12956: 12930: 12904: 12878: 12852: 12813: 12782: 12751: 12721: 12702: 12677: 12650: 12624: 12587: 12575: 12573:, p. 179. 12563: 12561:, p. 267. 12551: 12539: 12528: 12504: 12492: 12490:, p. 100. 12480: 12468: 12456: 12444: 12442:, p. 107. 12432: 12420: 12418:, p. 105. 12408: 12406:, 18 May 2021. 12404:France Culture 12388: 12381: 12363: 12361:, p. 106. 12351: 12349:, p. 173. 12336: 12294: 12243: 12231: 12219: 12207: 12192: 12177:Mohsen Saleh, 12170: 12158: 12146: 12134: 12122: 12107: 12095: 12083: 12081:, p. 136. 12071: 12041: 12002: 11980: 11950: 11930: 11910: 11888: 11866: 11854: 11835:Robert Mason, 11828: 11826:, p. 156. 11816: 11814:, p. 173. 11804: 11789:Jodi Vittori, 11775: 11750: 11741: 11729: 11717: 11700: 11688: 11686:, p. 148. 11676: 11661: 11649: 11634: 11609: 11584: 11562: 11550: 11523: 11511: 11499: 11487: 11432: 11420: 11403: 11381:Khaled Hroub: 11374: 11344: 11317: 11304: 11269: 11230: 11193: 11176:The New Yorker 11162: 11124: 11102: 11082: 11056: 11024: 10995: 10973: 10961: 10939: 10919: 10897: 10878: 10876:, p. 153. 10866: 10864:, p. 130. 10854: 10852: 10851: 10834:978-0857723437 10833: 10811: 10793: 10767: 10745: 10733: 10731:, p. 324. 10721: 10687: 10664: 10638: 10612: 10592: 10566: 10543: 10530: 10509: 10479: 10450: 10419: 10397: 10375: 10364:on 14 May 2011 10349: 10337: 10333:Rubenberg 2001 10325: 10313: 10298: 10286: 10274: 10271:. p. 133. 10261:Mohammed Ayoob 10252: 10227: 10225:, p. 203. 10215: 10172: 10133: 10116:Foreign Policy 10102: 10095: 10077: 10048: 10033: 10008: 9996: 9965: 9936: 9910: 9882: 9856: 9816: 9783: 9756: 9730: 9700: 9667: 9633: 9602: 9590: 9560: 9533: 9491: 9461: 9430: 9400: 9368: 9345: 9333: 9321: 9315:New York Times 9304: 9301:. p. 283. 9285: 9247: 9212: 9208:Dalacoura 2012 9200: 9167: 9134: 9095: 9076: 9074:, p. 230. 9061: 9020: 8986: 8952: 8950:, p. 179. 8937: 8899: 8897:, p. 285. 8887: 8884:. p. 283. 8868: 8839: 8810: 8777: 8744: 8725: 8723:, p. 230. 8710: 8708:, p. 206. 8695: 8678: 8654: 8652:, p. 118. 8637: 8611: 8586: 8560: 8534: 8508: 8469: 8439: 8420: 8388: 8367: 8348: 8323: 8284: 8260: 8248: 8224: 8198: 8172: 8148: 8123: 8109: 8089: 8082: 8064: 8052: 8037: 8025: 8023:, p. 119. 8013: 7988: 7978: 7956: 7944: 7904: 7874: 7862: 7860:, p. 254. 7850: 7828: 7826:, p. 181. 7816: 7799: 7787: 7772:. 6 May 2017. 7752: 7730: 7718: 7703: 7645: 7624:(5): 833–856. 7593: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7560: 7544: 7538:. p. 34. 7521: 7495:(3): 221–246. 7467: 7444: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7421: 7412: 7406: 7404:. p. 150. 7393: 7391:. p. 133. 7381:Mohammed Ayoob 7377: 7375:. p. 206. 7356: 7333: 7321: 7299: 7287: 7261: 7249: 7237: 7203: 7176: 7137: 7107: 7095: 7084: 7062: 7026: 6957: 6939: 6913: 6880: 6854: 6824: 6798: 6765: 6739: 6713: 6687: 6656: 6630: 6604: 6571: 6541: 6510: 6480: 6450: 6424: 6398: 6368: 6340: 6307: 6288: 6265: 6237: 6206: 6176: 6142: 6139:. 15 May 2024. 6128: 6114: 6094: 6080: 6052: 6004: 5975: 5945: 5915: 5882: 5875: 5857: 5836: 5810: 5784: 5761: 5742: 5722: 5720:, p. 270. 5710: 5673: 5647: 5620:(3): 442–459. 5600: 5588: 5586:, p. 465. 5576: 5574:, p. 113. 5572:Stepanova 2008 5564: 5562:, p. 226. 5552: 5548:Dalacoura 2012 5535: 5523: 5511: 5509:, p. 151. 5499: 5487: 5475: 5473:, p. 122. 5463: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5411: 5402: 5397:Matthew Levitt 5389: 5380: 5365: 5352: 5343: 5325: 5305: 5296: 5260: 5121: 5108: 5099: 5090: 5082:Omar al-Bashir 5073: 5056: 5043: 5034: 5016: 5007: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4934: 4918: 4915: 4891:Ismail Haniyeh 4790:Ismail Haniyeh 4743: 4740: 4710:First Gulf War 4669:Kyrylo Budanov 4657:Ismail Haniyeh 4638:Rafah crossing 4599:Ismail Haniyeh 4575:Ismail Haniyeh 4560: 4557: 4483: 4482:Public support 4480: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4368: 4365: 4344:European Union 4329: 4323: 4316: 4313: 4289:with links to 4287:Islamist group 4223: 4220: 4171: 4168: 4151:In July 2008, 4131: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4120: 4113: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4020: 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3311:the occupation 3305: 3302: 3232: 3229: 3220: 3217: 3200: 3197: 3181: 3180: 3139: 3137: 3130: 3121:Main article: 3111: 3108: 3067:Main article: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3047: 2950:Main article: 2947: 2944: 2927:Matthew Levitt 2874: 2871: 2788: 2785: 2736: 2733: 2721:Ismail Haniyeh 2709:Saddam Hussein 2656:Main article: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2629:Main article: 2626: 2623: 2559: 2558: 2514: 2512: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2451:Main article: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2428:King's College 2403: 2400: 2356: 2353: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2298:Mohammed Ayoob 2226:New York Times 2207: 2204: 2122:Ismail Haniyeh 2087: 2084: 2072:East Jerusalem 2035: 2032: 1989:Ismail Haniyeh 1978:Ismail Haniyeh 1963:New York Times 1951:Ismail Haniyeh 1936:Ismail Haniyeh 1901: 1898: 1859:Ismail Haniyeh 1801:George W. Bush 1793:Ismail Haniyeh 1765: 1762: 1722: 1719: 1711:First Intifada 1661:charity center 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1632: 1629: 1624:United Kingdom 1563:George W. Bush 1555:Ismail Haniyeh 1546: 1543: 1519:East Jerusalem 1474: 1471: 1436:Al-Aqsa Mosque 1318:Main article: 1315: 1312: 1264: 1261: 1257:United Nations 1213:armed conflict 1083:First Intifada 1029:, abbreviated 1021: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1002: 1000:United Kingdom 989: 976: 963: 950: 948:European Union 937: 924: 911: 892: 891: 890: 888: 881: 880: 878: 877: 872: 867: 862: 856: 854: 850: 849: 847: 846: 845: 844: 831: 808: 807: 806: 804: 803: 802: 801: 788: 775: 762: 743: 742: 741: 739: 735: 734: 732: 731: 730: 729: 716: 703: 690: 685: 673: 660: 647: 629: 628: 627: 625: 624: 623: 622: 609: 595: 576: 575: 561: 542: 541: 528: 514: 501: 478: 477: 476: 474: 470: 469: 466: 462: 461: 452: 448: 447: 444: 438: 437: 429: 428: 426: 425: 420: 415: 409: 406: 405: 399: 398: 394: 393: 385: 384: 380: 379: 374: 372: 366: 365: 357: 353: 352: 347: 341: 340: 335: 331: 330: 328: 327: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 288: 286: 280: 279: 274: 270: 269: 260: 256: 255: 245: 241: 240: 230: 226: 225: 223: 222: 217: 214: 213:Ibrahim Quqa 211: 208: 205: 200: 195: 190: 173: 172: 171: 169: 168: 157: 145: 143: 139: 138: 127: 123: 122: 117: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 85: 79: 78: 75: 67: 66: 56: 53: 52: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21781: 21770: 21767: 21765: 21762: 21760: 21757: 21755: 21752: 21750: 21747: 21745: 21742: 21740: 21737: 21735: 21732: 21730: 21727: 21725: 21722: 21720: 21717: 21715: 21712: 21710: 21707: 21705: 21702: 21700: 21697: 21695: 21692: 21690: 21687: 21685: 21682: 21680: 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21652: 21650: 21647: 21645: 21642: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21632: 21630: 21627: 21625: 21622: 21620: 21617: 21615: 21612: 21610: 21607: 21605: 21602: 21600: 21597: 21596: 21594: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21570: 21569: 21566: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21544: 21542: 21539: 21538: 21536: 21532: 21526: 21523: 21521: 21518: 21516: 21513: 21511: 21508: 21507: 21505: 21501: 21495: 21492: 21490: 21487: 21485: 21482: 21480: 21477: 21475: 21472: 21471: 21469: 21465: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21448:War on terror 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21431: 21429: 21426: 21424: 21421: 21419: 21416: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21406: 21404: 21401: 21400: 21398: 21392: 21386: 21384: 21380: 21378: 21376: 21372: 21370: 21368: 21364: 21362: 21360: 21356: 21354: 21352: 21348: 21346: 21344: 21340: 21338: 21336: 21332: 21331: 21329: 21325: 21321: 21314: 21310: 21296: 21293: 21291: 21288: 21286: 21283: 21281: 21278: 21276: 21273: 21271: 21268: 21266: 21263: 21262: 21260: 21256: 21250: 21247: 21245: 21242: 21240: 21237: 21235: 21232: 21230: 21227: 21225: 21222: 21220: 21217: 21215: 21212: 21210: 21207: 21205: 21202: 21201: 21199: 21197:Major figures 21195: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21177: 21174: 21173: 21172: 21169: 21163: 21160: 21158: 21155: 21154: 21153: 21150: 21146: 21143: 21142: 21141: 21138: 21134: 21131: 21129: 21126: 21125: 21124: 21121: 21117: 21114: 21112: 21109: 21107: 21104: 21102: 21099: 21098: 21097: 21094: 21093: 21091: 21090: 21088: 21084: 21078: 21075: 21073: 21070: 21069: 21067: 21063: 21059: 21055: 21051: 21046: 21042: 21028: 21025: 21023: 21020: 21018: 21015: 21013: 21010: 21009: 21007: 21003: 20997: 20994: 20992: 20991:Ali al-Tamimi 20989: 20987: 20984: 20982: 20979: 20977: 20974: 20972: 20969: 20967: 20964: 20962: 20959: 20957: 20954: 20952: 20949: 20947: 20944: 20943: 20941: 20939: 20938:Major figures 20935: 20925: 20922: 20920: 20917: 20913: 20912:Islamist Bloc 20910: 20909: 20908: 20907:Al-Nour Party 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20895: 20893: 20890: 20889: 20887: 20885: 20881: 20875: 20872: 20870: 20867: 20865: 20862: 20860: 20857: 20856: 20854: 20850: 20847: 20843: 20839: 20835: 20830: 20826: 20816: 20813: 20811: 20808: 20806: 20803: 20801: 20798: 20796: 20793: 20791: 20788: 20786: 20783: 20781: 20778: 20776: 20775:Navvab Safavi 20773: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20760:Tariq Ramadan 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20716: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20705:Safwat Hegazi 20703: 20701: 20698: 20696: 20693: 20691: 20688: 20686: 20683: 20681: 20678: 20676: 20675:Muhammad Asad 20673: 20671: 20668: 20666: 20663: 20661: 20658: 20656: 20653: 20652: 20650: 20644: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20624: 20621: 20620: 20618: 20614: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20595: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20587:Welfare Party 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20575: 20573: 20570: 20568: 20565: 20563: 20560: 20558: 20555: 20553: 20550: 20548: 20545: 20543: 20540: 20538: 20535: 20533: 20530: 20528: 20525: 20523: 20520: 20518: 20515: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20499: 20497: 20495: 20491: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20474: 20473: 20470: 20468: 20465: 20463: 20460: 20458: 20455: 20451: 20448: 20446: 20443: 20442: 20441: 20438: 20436: 20433: 20432: 20430: 20426: 20423: 20419: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20402:Turkish model 20400: 20398: 20397: 20393: 20391: 20388: 20386: 20385:Post-Islamism 20383: 20381: 20378: 20374: 20371: 20370: 20369: 20366: 20364: 20361: 20357: 20354: 20352: 20349: 20348: 20347: 20346:Islamic state 20344: 20342: 20339: 20337: 20334: 20332: 20329: 20327: 20324: 20322: 20319: 20317: 20314: 20313: 20311: 20307: 20301: 20300:Shia Islamism 20298: 20294: 20291: 20290: 20289: 20286: 20282: 20279: 20278: 20277: 20274: 20272: 20269: 20268: 20266: 20264: 20260: 20256: 20252: 20245: 20240: 20238: 20233: 20231: 20226: 20225: 20222: 20206: 20203: 20201: 20198: 20196: 20193: 20191: 20188: 20186: 20183: 20179: 20176: 20174: 20171: 20169: 20166: 20165: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20156: 20153: 20152: 20149: 20142: 20138: 20122: 20118: 20116: 20115: 20110: 20108: 20105:2023–present 20104: 20102: 20098: 20097: 20095: 20093: 20089: 20087: 20083: 20081: 20077: 20075: 20072: 20070: 20067: 20066: 20064: 20060: 20050: 20046: 20044: 20040: 20038: 20035:2010–11 20034: 20033: 20031: 20027: 20021: 20019: 20014: 20012: 20008: 20006: 20002: 20000: 19996: 19994: 19990: 19988: 19984: 19982: 19978: 19976: 19972: 19970: 19966: 19962: 19961: 19959: 19955: 19949: 19945: 19943: 19939: 19937: 19933: 19931: 19927: 19925: 19921: 19919: 19915: 19913: 19909: 19907: 19903: 19901: 19897: 19896: 19894: 19890: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19873: 19872: 19868: 19866: 19862: 19858: 19855: 19854: 19853: 19849: 19848: 19846: 19842: 19839: 19835: 19831: 19827:Diplomacy/law 19824: 19820: 19802: 19798: 19794: 19792: 19788: 19786: 19782: 19780: 19776: 19772: 19770: 19766: 19762: 19760: 19756: 19754: 19750: 19748: 19744: 19740: 19738: 19734: 19732: 19728: 19726: 19722: 19718: 19716: 19712: 19708: 19704: 19700: 19696: 19695: 19693: 19689: 19686: 19683: 19676: 19666: 19662: 19660: 19656: 19654: 19650: 19648: 19645: 19643: 19639: 19637: 19633: 19631: 19627: 19623: 19621: 19617: 19616: 19614: 19610: 19607: 19599: 19589: 19585: 19581: 19577: 19575: 19571: 19569: 19565: 19561: 19557: 19553: 19552: 19547: 19545: 19544: 19539: 19537: 19533: 19531: 19528: 19524: 19521: 19520: 19519: 19516: 19512: 19509: 19508: 19507: 19504: 19503: 19501: 19497: 19494: 19492: 19488: 19478: 19474: 19470: 19467: 19466: 19465: 19461: 19459: 19455: 19453: 19449: 19447: 19443: 19442: 19440: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19427: 19417: 19413: 19411: 19407: 19405: 19404:Achille Lauro 19400: 19398: 19394: 19392: 19388: 19384: 19381: 19380: 19379: 19375: 19373: 19369: 19367: 19363: 19362: 19360: 19356: 19353: 19349: 19339: 19335: 19333: 19329: 19325: 19323: 19319: 19317: 19313: 19311: 19307: 19303: 19300: 19296: 19292: 19288: 19284: 19282: 19278: 19277: 19275: 19271: 19268: 19265: 19258: 19246: 19242: 19241: 19240: 19236: 19234: 19230: 19228: 19224: 19220: 19216: 19214: 19210: 19206: 19202: 19200: 19196: 19195: 19194: 19190: 19186: 19183: 19182: 19181: 19177: 19176: 19174: 19170: 19167: 19163: 19153: 19149: 19147: 19143: 19141: 19137: 19133: 19130: 19129: 19128: 19124: 19122: 19118: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19105: 19103: 19102: 19100: 19096: 19093: 19091: 19087: 19083: 19075: 19072: 19071: 19070: 19067: 19066: 19063: 19059: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19034:Fathi Shaqaqi 19032: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19024:Salah Shehade 19022: 19020: 19017: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19009:Jibril Rajoub 19007: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18989:Zuheir Mohsen 18987: 18985: 18984:Khaled Mashal 18982: 18980: 18979:Sheikh Khalil 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18952: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18929:George Habash 18927: 18925: 18924:Mohammed Deif 18922: 18920: 18917: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18904:Yasser Arafat 18902: 18900: 18899:Moussa Arafat 18897: 18895: 18894:Mahmoud Abbas 18892: 18890: 18887: 18886: 18884: 18882: 18878: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18861:Moshe Ya'alon 18859: 18857: 18854: 18852: 18849: 18847: 18844: 18842: 18839: 18837: 18836:Yitzhak Rabin 18834: 18832: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18807: 18804: 18802: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18792: 18789: 18787: 18786:Efraim Halevy 18784: 18782: 18779: 18777: 18774: 18772: 18769: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18754: 18752: 18749: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18737: 18734: 18732: 18729: 18728: 18726: 18724: 18720: 18716: 18709: 18705: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18682: 18680: 18676: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18602: 18600: 18596: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18566: 18564: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18551: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18534:Israel Police 18532: 18530: 18527: 18526: 18524: 18522: 18518: 18514: 18507: 18503: 18499: 18492: 18487: 18485: 18480: 18478: 18473: 18472: 18469: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18445: 18442: 18440: 18437: 18436: 18433: 18427: 18421: 18419: 18413: 18411: 18405: 18403: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18384: 18382: 18376: 18374: 18368: 18366: 18360: 18358: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18339: 18338: 18336: 18332: 18325: 18319: 18316: 18310: 18307: 18304: 18301: 18295: 18292: 18286: 18283: 18280: 18277: 18274: 18273: 18271: 18269: 18261: 18257: 18250: 18245: 18243: 18238: 18236: 18231: 18230: 18227: 18217: 18207: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18189: 18186: 18185: 18184: 18181: 18180: 18178: 18174: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18138: 18137: 18135: 18133: 18127: 18120: 18119: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18096: 18093: 18092: 18091: 18088: 18087: 18085: 18081: 18075: 18072: 18070: 18067: 18065: 18062: 18061: 18059: 18055: 18045: 18042: 18040: 18039:Qassam rocket 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18026: 18024: 18020: 18008: 18005: 18004: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17992:2014 Gaza War 17990: 17988: 17985: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17950: 17948: 17945: 17944: 17942: 17938: 17928: 17925: 17923: 17920: 17918: 17915: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17892:Salah Shehade 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17869: 17867: 17866:Mohammed Deif 17863: 17862: 17860: 17856: 17850: 17847: 17843: 17840: 17839: 17838: 17835: 17833: 17830: 17829: 17827: 17825:Military wing 17823: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17804: 17802: 17798: 17792: 17789: 17787: 17786:Zaher Jabarin 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17756:Khaled Mashal 17754: 17752: 17749: 17748: 17746: 17742: 17735: 17732: 17728: 17725: 17724: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17707: 17703: 17702:Hamas Charter 17700: 17699: 17697: 17695: 17689: 17685: 17676: 17671: 17669: 17664: 17662: 17657: 17656: 17653: 17646: 17643: 17636: 17634: 17630: 17627: 17624: 17620: 17617: 17614: 17611: 17608: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17594: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17576:Hamas leaders 17574: 17569: 17566: 17560: 17554: 17549: 17548: 17537: 17533: 17528: 17524: 17520: 17516: 17512: 17511: 17506: 17501: 17497: 17496: 17490: 17484: 17480: 17476: 17472: 17471: 17459: 17455: 17451: 17447: 17443: 17439: 17438: 17433: 17429: 17425: 17421: 17417: 17413: 17410:(1): 148–63. 17409: 17405: 17404: 17399: 17395: 17391: 17387: 17383: 17379: 17375: 17371: 17370: 17364: 17360: 17356: 17352: 17348: 17344: 17340: 17335: 17331: 17327: 17323: 17319: 17315: 17311: 17307: 17302: 17298: 17294: 17290: 17286: 17282: 17278: 17277: 17271: 17270: 17258: 17252: 17248: 17243: 17239: 17233: 17229: 17228: 17222: 17207: 17203: 17197: 17193: 17186: 17185: 17179: 17175: 17169: 17165: 17164: 17158: 17154: 17148: 17144: 17143: 17137: 17133: 17131:9781838607456 17127: 17123: 17118: 17114: 17112:9781838607449 17108: 17104: 17100: 17095: 17091: 17085: 17081: 17077: 17076: 17071: 17067: 17063: 17057: 17053: 17052: 17047: 17043: 17039: 17033: 17029: 17025: 17020: 17016: 17010: 17006: 17005: 16999: 16995: 16989: 16985: 16984: 16978: 16974: 16968: 16964: 16960: 16956: 16951: 16947: 16941: 16937: 16936: 16930: 16926: 16920: 16916: 16912: 16908: 16904: 16900: 16896: 16890: 16886: 16885: 16880: 16876: 16872: 16866: 16862: 16861: 16856: 16852: 16848: 16842: 16839:. Routledge. 16838: 16837: 16831: 16827: 16821: 16817: 16813: 16812: 16806: 16802: 16796: 16792: 16788: 16787: 16781: 16777: 16771: 16767: 16763: 16762: 16756: 16752: 16746: 16742: 16738: 16737: 16731: 16727: 16721: 16717: 16713: 16709: 16704: 16700: 16694: 16690: 16686: 16681: 16677: 16671: 16667: 16663: 16658: 16654: 16648: 16644: 16640: 16635: 16631: 16625: 16621: 16617: 16616: 16610: 16606: 16600: 16596: 16595: 16589: 16585: 16579: 16575: 16571: 16566: 16562: 16556: 16552: 16547: 16543: 16539: 16535: 16531: 16527: 16523: 16522: 16517: 16513: 16509: 16505: 16499: 16496:. Routledge. 16495: 16494: 16488: 16484: 16478: 16475:. Routledge. 16474: 16473: 16467: 16463: 16457: 16453: 16452: 16446: 16442: 16436: 16432: 16431: 16425: 16421: 16417: 16413: 16409: 16405: 16403:9780511977367 16399: 16395: 16391: 16387: 16383: 16379: 16375: 16370: 16366: 16360: 16356: 16352: 16351: 16345: 16341: 16335: 16331: 16327: 16322: 16318: 16312: 16308: 16307: 16302: 16298: 16294: 16288: 16284: 16283: 16277: 16273: 16267: 16263: 16259: 16258: 16253: 16249: 16245: 16239: 16235: 16231: 16230: 16224: 16220: 16214: 16210: 16206: 16205: 16199: 16195: 16189: 16185: 16181: 16176: 16172: 16166: 16162: 16158: 16157: 16151: 16150: 16132: 16128: 16122: 16114: 16110: 16104: 16096: 16092: 16086: 16078: 16074: 16068: 16052: 16048: 16044: 16037: 16029: 16025: 16019: 16004: 16000: 15993: 15986: 15982: 15979: 15974: 15966: 15960: 15952: 15945: 15937: 15933: 15926: 15911: 15907: 15903: 15899: 15892: 15890: 15874: 15870: 15864: 15856: 15855: 15850: 15844: 15836: 15830: 15828: 15820: 15815: 15808: 15803: 15796: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15771: 15767: 15761: 15753: 15752: 15747: 15740: 15724: 15720: 15714: 15699: 15698: 15693: 15686: 15671: 15670: 15665: 15658: 15651: 15646: 15644: 15636: 15631: 15629: 15621: 15616: 15608: 15604: 15598: 15596: 15588: 15583: 15576: 15571: 15569: 15567: 15559: 15554: 15546: 15542: 15536: 15534: 15532: 15530: 15521: 15520: 15515: 15508: 15506: 15499:, p. 71. 15498: 15493: 15487:, p. 70. 15486: 15481: 15475:, p. 69. 15474: 15469: 15467: 15465: 15456: 15452: 15446: 15438: 15437:Instick Media 15434: 15428: 15420: 15416: 15410: 15402: 15398: 15392: 15384: 15377: 15369: 15363: 15355: 15351: 15345: 15337: 15331: 15324: 15319: 15317: 15300: 15299: 15294: 15288: 15281: 15278: 15272: 15264: 15258: 15252: 15246: 15230: 15226: 15220: 15218: 15216: 15199: 15198:The Telegraph 15195: 15189: 15173: 15169: 15163: 15147: 15143: 15137: 15121: 15117: 15111: 15109: 15107: 15089: 15088:genocidewatch 15085: 15080: 15076: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15054: 15050: 15046: 15034: 15030: 15026: 15014: 15013:genocidewatch 15010: 15006: 15005: 15002: 14987: 14983: 14976: 14961: 14957: 14951: 14944: 14932: 14931: 14926: 14919: 14912: 14908: 14907: 14900: 14893: 14889: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14862: 14858: 14853: 14845: 14838: 14833: 14826: 14821: 14806: 14805: 14800: 14793: 14786: 14785: 14778: 14771: 14770: 14763: 14756: 14751: 14744: 14743: 14736: 14729: 14728: 14721: 14705: 14701: 14695: 14679: 14675: 14671: 14665: 14659:, p. 49. 14658: 14653: 14646: 14645: 14638: 14622: 14616: 14608: 14604: 14603: 14596: 14589: 14584: 14580: 14574: 14567: 14562: 14555: 14550: 14543: 14538: 14522: 14516: 14509: 14505: 14501: 14500: 14494: 14486: 14482: 14476: 14468: 14462: 14454: 14448: 14433: 14432: 14427: 14423: 14417: 14409: 14405: 14399: 14383: 14379: 14375: 14368: 14352: 14346: 14331: 14327: 14320: 14318: 14301: 14297: 14291: 14275: 14271: 14267: 14261: 14253: 14249: 14243: 14227: 14220: 14205: 14201: 14194: 14187: 14182: 14175: 14171: 14168: 14163: 14161: 14152: 14145: 14130: 14129: 14124: 14117: 14109: 14105: 14101: 14095: 14087: 14083: 14079: 14073: 14062: 14055: 14048: 14040: 14039: 14034: 14028: 14026: 14017: 14011: 14004: 13999: 13992: 13988: 13985: 13980: 13973: 13967: 13951: 13944: 13928: 13924: 13917: 13909: 13905: 13901: 13894: 13887: 13882: 13867: 13863: 13857: 13841: 13837: 13831: 13816: 13812: 13806: 13790: 13786: 13780: 13764: 13760: 13754: 13739: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13720: 13704: 13700: 13693: 13685: 13681: 13675: 13659: 13652: 13636: 13632: 13631: 13626: 13619: 13603: 13599: 13593: 13585: 13581: 13580: 13575: 13569: 13553: 13549: 13542: 13526: 13522: 13515: 13509: 13495: 13491: 13485: 13469: 13465: 13459: 13443: 13439: 13433: 13427: 13423: 13419: 13415: 13410: 13402: 13398: 13395:(4): 423–33. 13394: 13390: 13383: 13367: 13363: 13356: 13349: 13344: 13337: 13333: 13330: 13325: 13317: 13315:9781501752735 13311: 13307: 13303: 13296: 13294: 13277: 13273: 13269: 13262: 13247: 13243: 13236: 13230: 13225: 13217: 13211: 13195: 13191: 13189: 13184: 13178: 13176: 13174: 13166: 13162: 13160: 13155: 13149: 13147: 13145: 13137: 13133: 13124: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13096: 13094: 13087: 13082: 13076: 13071: 13056: 13052: 13045: 13037: 13033: 13032:Marshall, Tim 13027: 13012: 13008: 13004: 13000: 12993: 12991: 12974: 12971:(in Hebrew). 12970: 12966: 12960: 12944: 12940: 12934: 12918: 12914: 12908: 12892: 12888: 12882: 12866: 12862: 12856: 12840: 12836: 12832: 12828: 12827:The Telegraph 12824: 12817: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12786: 12770: 12766: 12762: 12755: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12725: 12717: 12713: 12706: 12698: 12694: 12690: 12684: 12682: 12664: 12660: 12654: 12638: 12634: 12628: 12612: 12608: 12607: 12602: 12596: 12594: 12592: 12585:, p. 24. 12584: 12579: 12572: 12567: 12560: 12555: 12548: 12543: 12535: 12531: 12525: 12521: 12517: 12516: 12508: 12501: 12496: 12489: 12484: 12477: 12472: 12465: 12460: 12454:, p. 67. 12453: 12448: 12441: 12436: 12429: 12424: 12417: 12412: 12405: 12401: 12392: 12384: 12382:9781857439557 12378: 12375:. Routledge. 12374: 12367: 12360: 12355: 12348: 12343: 12341: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12298: 12291: 12287: 12278: 12264: 12260: 12256: 12250: 12248: 12240: 12235: 12229:, p. 48. 12228: 12223: 12216: 12211: 12204: 12203: 12196: 12189: 12185: 12182: 12181: 12174: 12167: 12162: 12156:, p. 23. 12155: 12150: 12143: 12138: 12132:, p. 75. 12131: 12130:Phillips 2011 12126: 12120:, p. 71. 12119: 12114: 12112: 12105:, p. 78. 12104: 12103:Phillips 2011 12099: 12092: 12087: 12080: 12075: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12045: 12029: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12006: 12000: 11996: 11993: 11989: 11984: 11968: 11964: 11960: 11954: 11947: 11943: 11940: 11934: 11927: 11923: 11920: 11914: 11907: 11903: 11900: 11899: 11892: 11885: 11881: 11878: 11877: 11870: 11863: 11858: 11851: 11847: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11832: 11825: 11820: 11813: 11808: 11801: 11797: 11794: 11793: 11786: 11784: 11782: 11780: 11772: 11768: 11765: 11764: 11757: 11755: 11745: 11739:, p. 97. 11738: 11733: 11726: 11721: 11715:, p. 73. 11714: 11709: 11707: 11705: 11698:, p. 72. 11697: 11692: 11685: 11680: 11674:, p. 21. 11673: 11668: 11666: 11658: 11653: 11646: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11627: 11624: 11623: 11616: 11614: 11606: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11591: 11589: 11581: 11577: 11574: 11573: 11566: 11559: 11554: 11538: 11534: 11527: 11521:, p. 30. 11520: 11515: 11508: 11503: 11496: 11491: 11484: 11471: 11467: 11463: 11459: 11455: 11451: 11447: 11443: 11436: 11430:, p. 18. 11429: 11424: 11417: 11413: 11407: 11400: 11398: 11393: 11392: 11388: 11385: 11378: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11348: 11332: 11328: 11321: 11314: 11308: 11292: 11288: 11287: 11281: 11273: 11266: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11234: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11200: 11198: 11181: 11177: 11173: 11166: 11159: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11128: 11121: 11109: 11105: 11099: 11095: 11094: 11086: 11070: 11066: 11060: 11044: 11040: 11033: 11031: 11029: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11010: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10992: 10988: 10985: 10984: 10977: 10970: 10965: 10958: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10943: 10936: 10932: 10929: 10923: 10916: 10912: 10909: 10908: 10904:Jim Zanotti, 10901: 10895:, 2006 p. 82. 10894: 10890: 10889: 10882: 10875: 10870: 10863: 10862:Robinson 2004 10858: 10840: 10836: 10830: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10816: 10812: 10809: 10805: 10802: 10798: 10794: 10791: 10787: 10784: 10783: 10778: 10775: 10774: 10771: 10764: 10760: 10757: 10756: 10749: 10743:, p. 33. 10742: 10737: 10730: 10725: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10694: 10692: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10673: 10668: 10661: 10657: 10654: 10650: 10647: 10642: 10635: 10634: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10616: 10609: 10605: 10602: 10596: 10589: 10585: 10581: 10578: 10573: 10571: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10552: 10551:Gaza Taliban? 10547: 10540: 10534: 10527: 10523: 10519: 10513: 10506: 10505: 10500: 10496: 10493: 10488: 10486: 10484: 10467: 10463: 10457: 10455: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10423: 10416: 10413: 10409: 10406: 10401: 10394: 10390: 10387: 10382: 10380: 10363: 10359: 10353: 10347:, p. 27. 10346: 10341: 10334: 10329: 10323:, p. 74. 10322: 10317: 10311:, p. 81. 10310: 10309:Phillips 2011 10305: 10303: 10295: 10290: 10284:, p. 55. 10283: 10278: 10270: 10266: 10262: 10256: 10249: 10248: 10243: 10239: 10236: 10231: 10224: 10219: 10212: 10197: 10193: 10192: 10183: 10176: 10160: 10156: 10152: 10148: 10144: 10137: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10106: 10098: 10092: 10088: 10081: 10074: 10071: 10067: 10064: 10059: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10045: 10044:O'Malley 2015 10040: 10038: 10030: 10029:Yitzhak Rabin 10026: 10023: 10022: 10015: 10013: 10005: 10000: 9985: 9981: 9980: 9972: 9970: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9943: 9941: 9924: 9920: 9914: 9899: 9898: 9893: 9886: 9871: 9867: 9860: 9853: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9832: 9827: 9820: 9804: 9800: 9799: 9794: 9787: 9771: 9767: 9760: 9744: 9740: 9734: 9718: 9714: 9710: 9704: 9688: 9684: 9683:MiddleEastEye 9680: 9674: 9672: 9655: 9651: 9647: 9643: 9637: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9606: 9599: 9594: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9564: 9557: 9553: 9550: 9549: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9530: 9529: 9524: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9500: 9499:Peter Beinart 9495: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9465: 9449: 9445: 9441: 9434: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9404: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9375: 9373: 9365: 9361: 9358: 9352: 9350: 9343:, p. 50. 9342: 9337: 9331:, p. 49. 9330: 9325: 9317: 9316: 9308: 9300: 9296: 9289: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9254: 9252: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9216: 9210:, p. 67. 9209: 9204: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9172: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9141: 9139: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9099: 9091: 9087: 9080: 9073: 9068: 9066: 9057: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9024: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8990: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8959: 8957: 8949: 8944: 8942: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8896: 8891: 8883: 8879: 8872: 8865: 8861: 8857: 8854: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8827: 8823: 8817: 8815: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8784: 8782: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8749: 8740: 8736: 8729: 8722: 8717: 8715: 8707: 8702: 8700: 8692: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8661: 8659: 8651: 8650:O'Malley 2015 8646: 8644: 8642: 8626: 8622: 8615: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8575: 8571: 8564: 8549: 8545: 8538: 8523: 8519: 8512: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8473: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8443: 8435: 8431: 8424: 8408: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8383: 8379: 8376: 8371: 8363: 8359: 8352: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8335: 8330: 8328: 8308: 8304: 8297: 8291: 8289: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8270: 8264: 8257: 8252: 8245: 8244: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8228: 8212: 8208: 8202: 8186: 8182: 8176: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8152: 8145: 8144: 8139: 8135: 8132: 8127: 8112: 8110:9780674039599 8106: 8102: 8101: 8093: 8085: 8079: 8075: 8068: 8062:, p. 66. 8061: 8056: 8050:, p. 55. 8049: 8044: 8042: 8035:, p. 84. 8034: 8029: 8022: 8021:Jefferis 2016 8017: 8002: 7998: 7992: 7985: 7981: 7979:9780190210243 7975: 7971: 7967: 7960: 7953: 7948: 7941: 7925: 7921: 7914: 7908: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7878: 7871: 7866: 7859: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7835: 7833: 7825: 7820: 7814:, p. 88. 7813: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7797:, p. 226 7796: 7791: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7748: 7744: 7737: 7735: 7728:, p. 17. 7727: 7722: 7714: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7641: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7590: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7570: 7566: 7561: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7545: 7542: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7525: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7483: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7464: 7460: 7459: 7454: 7448: 7440: 7434: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7413: 7411:, p. 230 7410: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7365: 7364: 7360: 7352: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7330: 7325: 7318: 7314: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7296: 7291: 7275: 7271: 7265: 7258: 7257:Mukhimer 2012 7253: 7246: 7241: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7207: 7192: 7191: 7186: 7180: 7173: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7149: 7141: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7111: 7105:, p. 22. 7104: 7099: 7092: 7087: 7085:9780429588952 7081: 7077: 7073: 7066: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7030: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6961: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6887: 6885: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6828: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6769: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6727: 6723: 6717: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6660: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6618: 6614: 6608: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6575: 6559: 6556:(in Arabic). 6555: 6551: 6545: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6514: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6484: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6454: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6413: 6409: 6402: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6344: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6303: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6272: 6270: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6241: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6211: 6194: 6190: 6183: 6181: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6147: 6138: 6132: 6124: 6118: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6090: 6084: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6056: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5980: 5963: 5959: 5952: 5950: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5878: 5872: 5868: 5861: 5853: 5852: 5851:Time Magazine 5847: 5840: 5832: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5814: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5749: 5745: 5743:9780231116756 5739: 5735: 5734: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5695: 5691: 5684: 5677: 5662: 5658: 5651: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5604: 5597: 5592: 5585: 5580: 5573: 5568: 5561: 5556: 5549: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5532: 5527: 5520: 5515: 5508: 5503: 5497:, p. 10. 5496: 5491: 5484: 5479: 5472: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5434: 5430: 5415: 5406: 5398: 5393: 5384: 5376: 5369: 5362: 5356: 5347: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5285: 5279: 5270: 5264: 5255: 5249: 5240: 5234: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5209: 5202: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5159: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5112: 5103: 5094: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5070: 5066: 5065:Mohamed Morsi 5060: 5053: 5047: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5011: 5004: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4935: 4932: 4921: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4895:Mahmoud Abbas 4892: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4854:In May 2018, 4852: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4822:Saudi Arabian 4817: 4813: 4810: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4781: 4779: 4775: 4774:US television 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4618:Mohamed Morsi 4615: 4610: 4608: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4591:Prince Faysal 4588: 4580: 4576: 4573:Hamas leader 4571: 4566: 4553: 4549: 4544: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4496: 4494: 4488: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4430: 4427: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4321: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4305:Mahmoud Abbas 4303: 4300:According to 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4185: 4176: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4126: 4121: 4119: 4114: 4112: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4017:Netzer Hazani 4015: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3922: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3837:Yad Mordechai 3835: 3833: 3832:Netiv HaAsara 3830: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3654:Army of Islam 3652: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3618:Islamic Jihad 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 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Retrieved 5443: 5438:Downs, Ray. 5433: 5414: 5405: 5392: 5383: 5368: 5355: 5346: 5334:Eretz Israel 5328: 5308: 5299: 5284:Haraka Hamas 5263: 5124: 5111: 5102: 5093: 5076: 5059: 5046: 5037: 5028: 5019: 5010: 4997: 4888: 4853: 4828:against the 4818: 4814: 4809:Barack Obama 4806: 4782: 4755: 4729: 4691: 4685: 4681:Wagner Group 4665: 4655:April 2023, 4653: 4650: 4634:Yahya Sinwar 4631: 4611: 4603: 4584: 4579:Ali Khamenei 4522: 4512: 4504:Saudi Arabia 4497: 4489: 4485: 4473: 4470:Yuval Diskin 4447: 4423: 4384: 4357: 4353: 4337: 4299: 4268: 4252: 4233: 4225: 4198:against the 4189: 4181: 4165: 4153:Barack Obama 4150: 4146: 4134: 4024:Neve Dekalim 3821:Hof Ashkelon 3682:Rocket types 3612: 3386: 3367: 3355: 3336: 3315: 3307: 3273: 3263: 3248: 3242: 3226: 3222: 3213: 3209:broadcasting 3202: 3199:Social media 3190: 3185: 3184: 3169: 3163:October 2023 3160: 3141: 3099: 3095: 3078: 3052: 3035: 3031: 3003:Yahya Ayyash 3000: 2988: 2983: 2967: 2932: 2909: 2876: 2867: 2859: 2844:After 2009, 2843: 2830: 2822: 2817: 2794: 2790: 2756: 2738: 2725: 2692: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2647:Organization 2641: 2634: 2619: 2611: 2604: 2600:The Atlantic 2598: 2591:World War II 2584: 2568: 2547: 2538: 2516: 2498:Antisemitism 2489: 2481:the conflict 2462: 2435: 2424:Yezid Sayigh 2412:Ahmed Yousef 2405: 2396: 2377: 2373: 2358: 2346: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2295: 2286:the Atlantic 2284: 2282: 2275: 2268: 2264:Jerome Segal 2257: 2252: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2197: 2185:assassinated 2182: 2166: 2150: 2119: 2104: 2089: 2086:2023–present 2080: 2060:June 4, 1967 2037: 2021:(either the 2016: 1997: 1986: 1967: 1962: 1948: 1929: 1926: 1914:1967 borders 1906:Jimmy Carter 1903: 1891: 1885: 1867: 1852: 1850: 1834: 1826:Ahmed Yousef 1819: 1809:Jerome Segal 1790: 1786: 1767: 1755: 1750: 1736: 1724: 1684:Jordan River 1651: 1638: 1634: 1613: 1603: 1580: 1576:Ahmed Yousef 1571: 1548: 1538: 1530: 1507:June 4, 1967 1483:Jordan River 1476: 1448: 1405: 1394: 1355: 1323: 1267: 1266: 1210: 1184:. 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Tauris 11812:Levitt 2006 11737:Clarke 2015 11725:Levitt 2006 11684:Levitt 2006 11507:Levitt 2006 11495:Levitt 2006 11428:Seurat 2022 11075:18 November 10874:Litvak 1998 10777:Hroub 2006b 10729:Kabahā 2014 10345:Gerner 2007 10223:Chehab 2007 9809:17 February 9772:(in French) 9642:Tracy, Marc 9583:25 February 9454:25 February 9341:Seurat 2019 9329:Seurat 2019 9193:15 February 9160:15 November 9072:Baconi 2018 8895:Slater 2020 8691:Seurat 2019 8599:www.bbc.com 8501:17 February 8033:Herzog 2006 7870:Seurat 2022 7858:Seurat 2022 7824:Baconi 2018 7812:Seurat 2022 7795:Gelvin 2014 7780:19 November 7726:Seurat 2019 7589:Baconi 2018 7424:Seurat 2019 7329:Baconi 2018 7313:Baconi 2018 7295:Seurat 2019 6906:26 November 6258:9 September 6230:9 September 6191:. Reuters. 5596:Litvak 2004 5584:Cheema 2008 5560:Gelvin 2014 5519:Barzak 2011 5507:Litvak 1998 5117:state media 4882:(a Turkish 4726:Al-Qaradawi 4708:during the 4687:North Korea 4413:within the 4395:hate speech 3956:Settlements 3947:Gush Etzion 3942:Bnei Shimon 3930:Be'er Tuvia 3387:During the 3294:golden dome 3100:The Message 3023:Ahmad Yasin 2818:Beit al-Mal 2792:buildings. 2775:during the 2701:Gulf States 2614:Ahmad Yasin 2580:antisemitic 2541:August 2024 2416:Ghazi Hamad 2278:Zaki Chehab 2276:Journalist 2107:Ghazi Hamad 2048:new charter 2010:signed the 1959:Ban Ki-moon 1918:Ehud Olmert 1816:Ahmad Yasin 1729:Ahmad Yasin 1206:Arab Spring 1190:antisemitic 1170:new charter 1079:Ahmad Yasin 974:New Zealand 606:North Korea 560:(2011–2013) 338:Sunni Islam 149:Ahmad Yasin 21593:Categories 21573:South Asia 21515:Gaza Strip 21467:Influences 21394:Historical 21359:Milestones 21351:Principles 21285:Mujahideen 21162:al-Shabaab 21157:Boko Haram 21145:Abu Sayyaf 21123:South Asia 20981:Zakir Naik 20864:Madkhalism 20852:Scholastic 20810:Zia-ul-Haq 20780:Omar Bongo 20445:in Britain 20363:Islamistan 20281:Khomeinism 20164:Criticism 20119:2023–2024 20096:ICJ cases 20090:1967 20084:1948 20078:1947 20041:2011 20015:2009 20009:2007 20003:2006 19997:2005 19991:2005 19985:2003 19979:2002 19973:2001 19963:2000 19946:1999 19940:1998 19934:1997 19922:1994 19916:1994 19904:1991 19863:1949 19850:1948 19795:2023 19789:2022 19783:2021 19773:2019 19763:2018 19757:2015 19751:2014 19741:2012 19735:2010 19719:2008 19697:2006 19663:2022 19657:2021 19651:2017 19640:2010 19634:2009 19624:2008 19618:2006 19578:2004 19572:2003 19548:2002 19540:2001 19534:2000 19475:1994 19456:1990 19450:1989 19446:Tunis raid 19444:1988 19414:1987 19401:1985 19395:1984 19389:1983 19376:1982 19370:1975 19364:1973 19336:1980 19326:1978 19320:1976 19314:1975 19304:1974 19285:1972 19279:1970 19264:insurgency 19243:1968 19231:1967 19223:Khan Yunis 19219:Kafr Qasim 19217:1956 19211:1953 19178:1948 19125:1929 19119:1921 19090:Background 18801:Golda Meir 18791:Dan Halutz 18761:Meir Dagan 18741:Ehud Barak 18736:Ami Ayalon 18625:Lions' Den 18562:Principals 18107:Al-Quds TV 18090:Al-Aqsa TV 17940:Operations 17907:Imad Abbas 17872:Abu Obaida 17776:Ali Baraka 17771:Basem Naim 17316:: 233–55. 16915:Frank Cass 16412:2010047275 15873:www.ft.com 15305:10 October 15235:28 October 15204:28 October 15178:28 October 15152:28 October 15126:28 October 15093:7 December 15058:7 December 15039:7 December 15019:7 December 14991:21 October 14965:21 October 14936:29 January 14437:16 October 14280:16 October 14228:. 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London. 12775:3 February 12488:Davis 2004 12329:16 October 12239:Davis 2016 12227:Davis 2016 12142:Davis 2016 11558:Davis 2016 11476:27 January 11367:7 December 11357:Al Jazeera 11049:20 October 10845:16 January 10741:Hroub 2006 10714:26 October 10631:The Daily 10599:See also: 10282:Davis 2017 10096:0887282768 9776:6 November 9770:Libération 8832:20 January 8770:4 December 8548:Al Jazeera 8452:Al Jazeera 8434:Al Jazeera 8316:15 October 8060:Filiu 2012 8048:Filiu 2012 7920:World Bank 7770:Al-Jazeera 7532:Halim Rane 7245:Davis 2017 7190:Al Jazeera 7165:25 January 7120:Al Jazeera 7055:4 February 7019:1 February 6791:18 October 6680:9 November 6623:4 November 6597:19 October 6327:Al Jazeera 6199:18 October 6169:18 October 6045:18 October 5928:Al Arabiya 5754:20 October 5456:31 January 5426:References 4746:See also: 4616:President 4563:See also: 4462:Ehud Barak 4442:See also: 4415:Gaza Strip 4228:See also: 4036:Rafiah Yam 4000:Kfar Darom 3976:Elei Sinai 3904:Sdot Negev 3761:Kiryat Gat 3454:Gaza Strip 3428:See also: 3397:war crimes 3080:Al-Aqsa TV 3073:See also: 3069:Al-Aqsa TV 3063:Al-Aqsa TV 2681:Jehaz Aman 2563:See also: 2518:neutrality 2457:See also: 2313:Gaza Strip 2296:Professor 2068:Gaza Strip 1654:early days 1591:Gaza Strip 1515:Gaza Strip 1334:Gaza Strip 1239:, and the 1221:Gaza Strip 1127:in 2008–09 1097:. 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