Hampi - Knowledge

1215: 1641: 1265: 1909: 755: 1722:, the latter being a two-storeyed pavilion in the royal centre. The Lotus Mahal combines a symmetrical, square, Hindu mandala design with lobed arches, vaults, and domes of the Indo-Islamic style. Its basement and pyramidal towers are based on Hindu temple architecture. Like almost all of the structures in Hampi's royal centre, this monument has no inscriptions nor epigraphs mentioning it and therefore dating it and establishing its function with evidence has been difficult. The Lotus Mahal and other structures in the Hampi urban core, however, were not built with Muslim patronage, unlike the tombs in the various Muslim quarters of the city. These buildings reflect the assimilative approach of the Vijayanagara Hindu rulers. Lotus Mahal looks like a syncretic, congested space and its purpose is unclear. Speculations include it being a council hall. 965: 1206: 1935: 977: 868: 1462: 1923: 989: 1897: 844: 953: 1033: 1021: 1009: 832: 1421: 1471: 394: 856: 1564:

known as Varadevi Ammana Pattana, was likely built in the early 16th century and dedicated to Rama (Vishnu avatar). The complex has a main temple, a colonnaded courtyard inside an enclosure and a 64 (8x8 square)-pillared and roofed mandapa in front of the sanctum. The complex and the sanctum face east; the normal entrance was through the eastern gopura. The ruins suggest the gopuram had six tiers. The Pattabhirama temple included a 100-pillared hall—likely a feeding hall—attached to the southern wall of the enclosed compound. The pillars have reliefs depicting Hindu themes which include gods, goddesses, a scene from a Hindu text, yoga and namaste.

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the Shaivism legend relating to Shiva-Parvati marriage; another section shows the legend of Rama-Sita of the Vaishnavism tradition. A third section depicts the legend of the love god Kama shooting an arrow at Shiva to get him interested in Parvati, and the fourth section shows the Advaita Hindu scholar Vidyaranya being carried in a procession. According to George Michell and other scholars, the details and colour hues suggest all the ceiling paintings are from a 19th-century renovation, and the themes of the original paintings are unknown. The mandapa pillars have outsized

657:. The Vijayanagara rulers fostered developments in intellectual pursuits and the arts, maintained a strong military and fought many wars with sultanates to its north and east. They invested in roads, waterworks, agriculture, religious buildings and public infrastructure. This included, states UNESCO, "forts, riverside features, royal and sacred complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, mandapas (halls for people to sit), memorial structures, gateways, check posts, stables, water structures, and more". The site was multi-religious and multi-ethnic; it included Hindu and 1547:(lighting pillar) under a Pipal tree, and inside is a sanctum dedicated to Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Hanuman. Nearby, and continuing until Kotitirtha to its north, are a number of smaller shrines, dedicated to Vitthala, Anjaneya, Shiva and other deities. On the rock face are reliefs of Anantashayana Vishnu (reclining Vishnu creating the cosmic cycle, Ranganatha), friezes narrating the legends of Narasimha and Prahlada, and the twenty-four avatars of Vishnu according to the Puranic tradition of Vaishnavism. Near the river is a rock carved with Shaivism's 1,008 lingas. 1412: 1532: 904: 1158: 892: 880: 1874: 1757: 202: 1606: 9242: 919:

alongside the river, contains the oldest temples with a history of pilgrimage and monuments pre-dating the Vijayanagara empire. The urban core and royal centre have over sixty ruined temples beyond those in the sacred centre, but the temples in the urban core are all dated to the Vijayanagara empire. The urban core also includes public utility infrastructure such as roads, an aqueduct, water tanks, mandapa, gateways and markets, monasteries This distinction has been assisted by some seventy-seven stone inscriptions.

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complexes in Hampi. The temple is unusual because it faces north. It is dedicated to Vishnu. In Vijayanagara times, the temple was approached from the river, first past a ceremonial tank then along the market street with a broad road. The temple had an outer gopuram leading into a courtyard with a 100-column hall and an inner gopuram leading to the Vishnu temple. On each side of each pillar in the 100-column hall are reliefs of avatars of Vishnu; other deities such as Shiva, Surya, Durga; scenes of daily life—

7904: 5701: 1349: 1281:, a form of Krishna also called Vithoba. The temple opens to the east, has a square plan and features an entrance gopuram with two side gopurams. The main temple stands in the middle of a paved courtyard and several subsidiary shrines, all aligned to the east. The temple is a unified structure in a courtyard measuring 500 by 300 feet which is surrounded by a triple row of pillars. It is a low structure of one storey with an average height of 25 height. The temple has three distinct compartments: a 1149: 1128: 764: 1695: 1308:, or community hall. The mandapa has four sections, two of which are aligned with the temple sanctum. The mandapa has 56 carved stone beams of different diameters, shape, length and surface finish that produces musical sounds when struck; according to local traditional belief, this hall was used for public celebrations of music and dancing. It is classified as Karakkoil, a temple fashioned after temple chariots which are taken in procession around the temple during festivals. 1617: 45: 1750: 1746:

Ganagitti Jain temple; it incorporate a central barbican wall designed to entrap and confuse a stranger aiming for a surprise, while frequent visitors knew the three changes of direction before the gateway. These functional Hindu monuments are identifiable by a legendary Hindu character incorporated into them, such as of Bhima of the Mahabharata's Pandava fame. Another such gate is found on the north-east road to Talarighat Hindu monument and the Vitthala temple.

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who built it; most scholars date it to a period of construction in the early-to-mid-16th century. Some of the books mention that its construction began during the time of Devaraya II and continued during the reign of Krishnadevaraya, Achuytaraya, and probably Sadasivaraya and it stopped due to the destruction of the city in 1565. The inscriptions include male and female names, suggesting that the complex was built by multiple sponsors. The temple was dedicated to

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referred to locally as the bazaar. Between the colonnaded stone shop ruins is a broad road that allowed chariots to transport goods to and from the market, and hosted ceremonial functions and festive celebrations. To the north of this road and middle of the market is a large Pushkarani—a public utility-stepped water tank with an artistic pavilion in its centre. Next to the tank is a public hall (mandapa) for people to sit.

2013: 633:, they were treasury officers of Pratap Rudra, the King of Kakatiya Kingdom. When Muhammad Bin Tughlaq came looking for Baha-Ud-Din Gurshasp (who was taking refuge in the court of Pratap Rudra), Pratap Rudra was overthrown and Kakatiya was destroyed. During this time the two brothers Harihara I and Bukka I, with a small army came to the present site of Vijayanagara, Hampi. Vidyaranya, the 12th Jagadguru of the 1103:. To the west of this tank are shrines of Shaktism and Vaishnavism traditions, such as those for Durga and Vishnu respectively. Some of the shrines on this pilgrim's path were whitewashed in the 19th century under orders of the British India officer F.W. Robinson, who sought to restore the Virupaksha temple complex; whitewashing of this cluster of historic monuments has continued as a tradition. 239: 209: 1073:

that ends in another, smaller gopuram dated to 1510 CE. To its south side is a 100-column hall with Hindu-related reliefs on all four sides of each pillar. Connected to this public hall is a community kitchen, a feature found in other major Hampi temples. A channel is cut into the rock to deliver water to the kitchen and the feeding hall. The courtyard after the small gopuram has

641: 460:—awakening him and attracting his interest. Shiva meets Parvati in disguised form and tries to discourage her, telling her Shiva's weaknesses and personality problems. Parvati refuses to listen and insists in her resolve. Shiva finally accepts her and they get married. Kama was later brought back to life after the marriage of Shiva and Parvati. According to 1374:

Rashtrakuta period and later periods. It may also have been the template for the original Virupaksha temple, which was later greatly expanded with gopuram, mandala and other additions. A similar monument dedicated to Narasimha, the man-lion avatar of Vishnu, is located east of Hampi; an inscription near it states that it was operating in 1379 CE.

464:, Parvati (Pampa) pursued her ascetic, yogini lifestyle on Hemakuta Hill, now a part of Hampi, to win and bring ascetic Shiva back into householder life. Shiva is also called Pampapati (meaning "husband of Pampa"). The river near the Hemakuta Hill came to be known as Pampa river. The Sanskrit word Pampa morphed into the 1974:, in which he stated Vijayanagara was "as large as Rome, and very beautiful to the sight ... the best provided city in the world". According to Paes, "there are many groves within it, in the gardens of the houses, many conduits of water which flow into the midst of it, and in places there are lakes ...". 1648:

The Hampi monuments include aqueducts to carry water to tanks and other parts of the city, as well as drains and channels to remove water overflow. Excavations in the 1980s near the Mahanavami platform in the urban core revealed a large, square-stepped tank that was fed by an aqueduct. The tanks were

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The Vijayanagara empire built extensive water infrastructures, some examples include - the Manmatha tank near Virupaksha temple, which is dated to about the 9th century, predates the Vijayanagara. According to an inscription found there, the Manmatha tank was upgraded and a Durga shrine added in 1199

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The Square Water Pavilion, also called the Queen's Bath, is in the south-east of the royal centre. It has a pavilion, a water basin and a method of moving fresh water to it and taking away wash water and overflows. The basin is enclosed within an ornate, pillared, vaulted bay. Nearby are ruins of the

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and suggests an association of the Kampili history with that of Vijayanagara Empire that followed it. The style of temples on the Hemakuta hill suggest it may have been a study centre for experimenting with different types of Hindu temples. The styles present include those of the Chalukya period, the

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in Hampi. The 3 metres (9.8 ft) Shiva Linga stands in water in a cubical chamber and has three eyes sketched on its top. South of this is the shrine for a 6.7 metres (22 ft)-high Narasimha—the man-lion avatar of Vishnu—seated in a yoga position. The Narasimha monolith originally had goddess

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at the bottom. Inside is the ruined temple for Krishna and small, ruined shrines for goddesses. The temple compound is layered into mandapas, including an outer and an inner enclosure. The compound has two gopuram entrances. Inside, a 25 (5x5)-bay open mandapa leads to a 9 (3x3)-bay enclosed mandapa.

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with a face embossed with brass. The Virupaksha temple also has smaller shrines for two aspects of Parvati-Pampa and Bhuvaneshwari to the north of the main sanctum. Bhuvaneshwari shrine is of Chalukyan architecture and it uses granite instead of pot stone. The compound has a northern gopura, smaller

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The temple faces eastwards, aligning the sanctums of the Shiva and Pampa Devi temples to the sunrise; a large gopuram marks its entrance. The superstructure is a pyramidal tower with pilastered storeys on each of which is artwork including erotic sculptures. The gopuram leads into a rectangular court

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Most of the monuments are Hindu; the temples and the public infrastructure such as tanks and markets include reliefs and artwork depicting Hindu deities and themes from Hindu texts. There are also six Jain temples and monuments and a Muslim mosque and tomb. The architecture is built from the abundant

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The Hampi site includes a Muslim quarter with Islamic tombs, two mosques and a cemetery. These are neither in the sacred centre nor in the royal centre of the Hampi site. Some Muslim monuments are a part of the urban core while others are in the suburbs where most Vijayanagara residents lived. These

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Archaeological excavations in 1990 revealed twenty-three wells and cisterns in the Hampi-Vijayanagara metropolis. Of these, thirteen were found outside the city walls in the suburbs, and ten inside. Of these were twelve at roadsides, eight near temples, ten in residential areas and two were used for

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The Achyutaraya temple, also called the Tiruvengalanatha temple, is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of Virupaksha temple and a part of its sacred centre is close to the Tungabhadra River. It is referred to be in Achyutapura in inscriptions and is dated to 1534 CE. It is one of the four largest

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South of the platform is an aqueduct leading water to large, symmetrical, stepped tank made of granite that was excavated by archaeologists in the 1980s. The complex has another large water pool, possibly for water sports and a garden and various mandapa. there is a ruined temple-like monument near

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The Hemakuta hill lies between the Virupaksha temple complex to the north and the Krishna temple to the south. It is a collection of modestly sized monuments that are preserved examples of pre-Vijayanagara and early-Vijayanagara temples and construction. The site has several important inscriptions,

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temple and market complex is over 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north-east of the Virupaksha temple near the banks of the Tungabhadra River. It is an artistically sophisticated Hindu temple in Hampi, and is part of the sacred centre of Vijayanagara. It is unclear when the temple complex was built, and

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The courtyard after the small gopuram leads to the main mandapa of the Shiva temple, which consists of the original square mandapa and a rectangular extension composed of two fused squares and sixteen piers built by Krishnadevaraya. The ceiling of the open hall above the mandapa is painted, showing

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According to historical memoirs left by Portuguese and Persian traders to Hampi, the city was of metropolitan proportions; they called it "one of the most beautiful cities". While prosperous and in infrastructure, the Muslim-Hindu wars between Muslim Sultanates and Vijayanagara Empire continued. In

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The Pattabhirama temple complex is in the southern suburban centre outside the sacred centre and the urban core, about 500 metres (550 yd) from the ASI Hampi museum. It was at the nucleus of economic and cultural activity of this suburb, now located north-east of Kamalapura. The complex, also

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festival procession and celebrations in parallel bands of artwork. The lowest band shows marching elephants, above it are horses led by horsemen, then soldiers celebrated by the public, then dancers and musicians, with a top layer depicting a procession of the general public. The depiction mirrors

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Outside the temple compound, to its east-south-east, is a colonnaded market street almost one kilometre (0.62 mi) long; all of which is now in ruins. To the north is another market and a south-facing shrine with reliefs of Ramayana scenes, Mahabharata scenes and of Vaishnava saints. The north

797:, a Persian envoy in the court of Devaraya II (1424–1446), published in the early 1880s described some monuments of the abandoned site. This translation, for the first time, uses Arabic terms such as "zenana" to describe some of the Hampi monuments. Some of these terms became the names thereafter. 1745:

The Vijayanagara rulers built forts, fortified gateways and watchtowers after their dynasty was founded from the ruins of war and for security from repeated raids and invasion. Hindu-style corbelled arches are the common gateways and watchtowers in Hampi. One such gateway is located south-east of

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The Virupaksha temple is the oldest shrine, the principal destination for pilgrims and tourists, and remains a Hindu worship site. Parts of the Shiva, Pampa and Durga temples existed in the 11th-century; it was extended during the Vijayanagara era. The temple is a collection of smaller temples, a

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The Hampi site has been studied in three broad zones; the first has been named the "sacred centre" by scholars such as Burton Stein and othersl; the second is referred to as the "urban core" or the "royal centre"; and the third constitutes the rest of metropolitan Vijayanagara. The sacred centre,

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and has plain walls, a pillared mandapa and a square sanctum from which the Jina's statue is missing. There are capitals on the pillars and the doorways have decoration. Over the sanctum is a Dravidian-style, narrowing square, pyramidal tower. Other monuments in the temple compound are in ruins.

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Hampi is located in hilly terrain formed by granite boulders The Hampi monuments comprising the UNESCO world heritage site are a subset of the Vijayanagara ruins. Almost all of the monuments were built between 1336 and 1570 CE during the Vijayanagara rule. The site has about 1,600 monuments and

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merchant and traveller, visited a few decades after the 1565 defeat and collapse of the Vijayanagara Empire. According to Sinopoli, Johansen, and Morrison, Federici described it as a very different city. He wrote, "the citie of Bezeneger (Hampi-Vijayanagara) is not altogether destroyed, yet the

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The hill has more than thirty small-to-moderate-sized temples, together with water cisterns, gateways, and secular pavilions. The latest examples are dated to the early 14th century. Some of the structures are differently-sized prototypes of temples or mandapas, assembled from blocks of stones.

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style. Two temple groups in this style look similar; each has a triple vimana consisting of square sanctums with each set connected to its own shared square mandapa. The towers (shikaras) on these are pyramidal granite structures consisting of eleven stacked, shrinking squares and a top in the

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temple, also called Balakrishna temple, on the other side of Hemakuta hill, is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of Virupaksha temple. It is dated to 1515 CE; this part of the Hampi complex is called Krishnapura in inscriptions. In front of the ruined temple is a long market street, also

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In the east of the royal centre lies the Gajashala, or elephant stables, which consist of eleven square chambers aligned north–south. The openings to the stables are arched; above ten chambers are alternating fluted and plain domes. In the middle of the stables are stairs to reach the roof.

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The Mahanavami platform, also called the "Great Platform", "Audience Hall", "Dasara" or "Mahanavami Dibba" monument, is within a 7.5-hectare (19-acre) enclosure at one of the highest points inside the royal centre (urban core). It has ceremonial structures. It is mentioned in the memoirs of

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for walking around the sanctum. Around this axial mandapa are (clockwise from east); the Garuda shrine, the Kalyana mandapa (wedding ceremonies), the 100-columned mandapa, the Amman shrine and the Utsav mandapa (festival hall). The walled enclosure covers about 1.3 hectares (3.2 acres) with

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in north-central Karnataka followed the collapse of Hoysala Empire. It was a short-lived Hindu kingdom with its capital about 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Hampi. The Kampili kingdom ended after an invasion by the Muslim armies of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. The Hindu women of Kampili committed

2168:'s history, ruins and temples made it an early site for offbeat tourism in the 1960s and after. Tourists would gather on its hills and midst its ruins, to hold parties and spiritual retreats, and these have been called "Hampi Hippies" and Hampi as the "lost city" in some publications. 1573:

foreigners who visited Vijayanagara, some calling it the "House of Victory". The largest monument in this complex has three ascending square stages leading to a large, square platform that likely had a wooden mandapa above it. This was burnt down during the destruction of Hampi.

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photographs of temples and royal structures that were standing in 1856. These photographs were held in a private collection in the United Kingdom and were not published until 1980. They are the most valuable source of the mid-19th-century state of Hampi monuments to scholars.

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They expanded the infrastructure and temples. According to Nicholas Gier and other scholars, by 1500 CE Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest. Its wealth attracted 16th-century traders from across the

499:. The Hampi area has many close resemblances to the place described in the epic. The regional tradition believes that it is that place mentioned in the Ramayana, attracting pilgrims. It was brought to light by an engineer named colonel Colin Mackenzie during the 1800s. 1780:

tradition; the Chandrashekhara temple for Shiva near the Queen's bath monument; and the Malyavanta hill dedicated to Rama-Sita-Lakshmana and Shiva. The Malyavanta hill features several shrines including the Raghunatha temple and a row of Shiva lingas carved in stone.

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irrigation within the urban core. More water structures were found in Daroji valley for agriculture. According to archaeologists Kathleen Morrison and Carla Sinopoli, the Hampi water infrastructure was for the use of travellers, rituals, domestic use and irrigation.

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The two lower levels of the platform is made of granite. It has reliefs—possibly a catalogue of 14th-century royal activities—and lines of marching animals including elephants, horses and camels. Reliefs on the south side show musicians and dancers, including female

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temple and ceilings of some of the Virupaksha temple complex. The architects also adopted an Indo-Islamic style in a few monuments, such as the Queen's bath and Elephant stables, which UNESCO says reflects a "highly evolved multi-religious and multi-ethnic society".

538:, whose inscriptions state that the kings made land grants to the Virupaksha temple. Several inscriptions from the 11th to 13th centuries are about the Hampi site, with a mention of gifts to goddess Hampa-devi. Between the 12th and 14th centuries, Hindu kings of the 1730:

In the sacred centre near the southern banks of the Tungabhadra River and close to the Vitthala temple complex, are gateways and a monument now called the King's Balance. The latter is similar to those found at the entrances of South Indian Hindu temples for the

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and calls its conquest and destruction a discouraging tale. He writes, "its evident moral is that civilization is a precarious thing, whose delicate complex of order and liberty, culture and peace" may at any time be overthrown by war and ferocious violence.

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in the form of a stone chariot in the courtyard; it is an often-pictured symbol of Hampi. Above the chariot is a tower, which was removed during 1940s, as per historian Dr.S.Shettar. In the front of the stone chariot is a large, square, open-pillared, axial

685:, followed by a massive destruction of the infrastructure fabric of Hampi and the metropolitan Vijayanagara. The city was pillaged, looted and burnt for six months after the war, then abandoned as ruins, which are now called the Group of Monuments at Hampi. 2142:

had a rich tradition of building sophisticated Hindu temples with a fusion of North Indian and South Indian styles. This was abruptly terminated, state Meister and Dhaky, after the first quarter of the 14th-century after the devastating invasions from the

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Devaraya II. The monuments include a mosque, an octagonal well, and a tomb. The mosque lacks a dome and is a pillared pavilion, while the tomb has a dome and arches. Other Muslim monuments and a graveyard were added later near the Ahmad Khan's legacy.

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from extant rock. The Sasivekalu Ganesha is carved with his mother Parvati, in whose lap he sits. She is only visible from the back of the statue. The monument is housed inside an open-pillared mandapa; the left hand and tusk have been damaged.

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The original image of Balakrishna (baby Krishna) in its sanctum is now in a Chennai museum. A modern road passes in front of the eastern gopura, linking Kamalapuram to Hampi. The western gopuram has friezes of battle formation and soldiers.

1768:, a Hindu goddess of knowledge and music; a temple in the suburbs for Ananthasayana Vishnu; an Uddana Virbhadra temple for Shiva and Vishnu; a shrine for Kali, the fierce form of Durga unusually shown holding a ball of rice and a ladle ( 1864:

There is a Muslim monument in the south-east of the urban core on the road from Kamalapura to Anegondi, before Turuttu canal in the irrigated valley. This monument was first built in 1439 by Ahmad Khan, a Muslim officer in the army of

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are in the north-east valley of the urban core, where settlements of Hindus and Jains are also found. Much of this region is deeply silted and the soil conceals abandoned temples, roads, water tanks, gateways and residential quarters.

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ceremony hall, whose ceiling is designed to ventilate fumes and smoke through the roof. Inside the main mandapa are four intricately carved pillars in the Hoysala style; these carving include depictions of Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita of

445:. Her parents learn of her desire and discourage her, but she pursues her desire. Shiva is lost in yogic meditation, oblivious to the world; Parvati appeals to the gods for help to awaken him and gain his attention. Indra sends 3128:, Quote: "When battle was joined in January 1565, it seemed to be turning in favor of Vijayanagara - suddenly, however, two Muslim generals of Vijayanagara changes sides. Rama Raya was taken prisoner and immediately beheaded." 1106:

According to local tradition, the Virupaksha is the only temple that continued to be a gathering place of Hindus and frequented by pilgrims after the destruction of Hampi in 1565. The temple attracts large crowds; an annual

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13 kilometres (8.1 mi) away, Hampi's ruins are spread over 4,100 hectares (16 sq mi) and it has been described by UNESCO as an "austere, grandiose site" of more than 1,600 surviving remains of the last great

449:— the Hindu god of desire, erotic love, attraction, and affection—to awake Shiva from meditation. Kama reaches Shiva and shoots an arrow of desire. Shiva opens his third eye in his forehead and burns Kama to ashes. 397:

Hampi Vijayanagara in early 16th century. The sacred centre featured major Hindu temples and attached markets; the urban core included the royal centre; suburban satellites were spread from what is now Gangawati to

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from 1336 to 1565, when it was abandoned. It was a fortified city. Chronicles left by Persian and European travellers, particularly the Portuguese, say that Hampi was a prosperous, wealthy and grand city near the

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The Ganigitti Jain temple is near Bhima's gate in the south-east of the urban core section of Hampi. In front of it is a monolithic lamp pillar. The temple faced north; it is dated to 1385 CE, during the rule of

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The Sasivekalu Ganesha, named after Ganesha's mustard seed-shaped belly, is near the Krishna temple south-west of the Kadalekalu Ganesha. It is a 2.4 metres (7.9 ft)-high monolith that was also carved

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The Hazara Rama temple, referred to as the Ramachandra temple in inscriptions, occupied the western part of the urban core in the royal centre section of Hampi. This temple was dedicated to Rama of the

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Lakshmi with him, but it shows signs of extensive damage and a carbon-stained floor—evidence of attempts to burn the shrine down. The statue has been cleaned and parts of the shrine have been restored.

1669:(dish) were carved in series in a rock on both sides of a water channel. One example is found near an octagonal fountain in the south of the royal centre; according to epigraphical sources, this Hampi 1543:, where the Tungabhadra turns northwards towards the Himalayas. The river banks, considered holy, accommodate a Vijayanagara-era ghat and mandapa facilities for bathing. In front of the temple is a 1718:

The enclosure is close to the elephant stables; it was thus named in a Persian memoir whose 19th-century translation was an early introduction to Hampi ruins for many. The enclosure contains the

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The destruction and burning down of the city is evidenced by the quantities of charcoal, the heat-cracked basements and burnt architectural pieces found by archaeologists in Vijayanagara region.

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merchant and traveller who visited Hampi about 1420, the city had an estimated circumference of 60 miles (97 km) and it enclosed agriculture and settlements in its fortifications. In 1442,

1963:, described it as a city with seven layers of forts, with outer layers for agriculture, crafts and residence, the inner third to seventh layers very crowded with shops and bazaars (markets). 1629:

aqueduct. The modern name of this building, the Queen's bath, is probably a misnomer because this was a public bath for men and travellers. The building's interior arches show influence from

1593:(Vasantotsava) by throwing water at each other. Near the great platform is an audience hall, which also probably had a wooden pavilion, evidenced by 100 stone stubs; this too was burnt down. 927:, with roots in the developments in Hindu arts and architecture in the second half of the 1st millennium in the Deccan region. It also included elements of the arts that developed during the 738:. Mackenzie wrote that the Hampi site was abandoned and only wildlife live there. The 19th-century speculative articles by historians who followed Mackenzie blamed the 18th-century armies of 1835:

Tirthankara. It was built by King Devaraya II and dates to 1426 CE, per an inscription in the temple. In front of the temple are two ruined temples; one of Shiva and the other dedicated to

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Deccan-style square kalasha finial. Both sets are Shiva temples with triple linga; early sources misidentified these as Jain temples because of their simple exterior and interior walls.

2366:, Quote: "In its peak of glory, ca. 1500, with a population of about 500,000 and sixty square miles in area, Vijayanagara was the second largest city in the world behind Beijing." 1523:

This ruined temple complex is known for its thousands of carvings and inscriptions, its elaborate frescoes depicting Hindu theosophy and its sprawling courtyard laid with gardens.

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is easily accessible and provides views of the some parts of Hampi and the fertile, agricultural valley that separates the sacred centre from the urban core with its royal centre.

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in South India that includes "forts, riverside features, royal and sacred complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, mandapas, memorial structures, water structures and others".

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in 1900, bringing Hampi to the widespread attention of scholars. The growing interest led Rea and his successor Longhurst to clear and repair the Hampi group of monuments.

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Kumar, Anish; Jayakumar, T.; Rao, C. Babu; et al. (2008). "Nondestructive characterization of musical pillars of Mahamandapam of Vitthala Temple at Hampi, India".

1256:, a sword, the sun and the moon. The temple and the market street are ruined but their layout suggests it was a major market with streets provided for chariot traffic. 8352: 554:, the Hoysala-period inscriptions call Hampi by alternate names such as Virupakshapattana, Vijaya Virupakshapura in honour of the old Virupaksha (Shiva) temple there. 9337: 3131: 2379:

Lycett, Mark T.; Morrison, Kathleen D. (2013). "The Fall of Vijayanagara Reconsidered: Political Destruction and Historical Construction in South Indian History 1".

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from extant rock. Ganesha's tusk and other parts have been damaged, but the left hand—which holds a rice cake treat with his trunk reaching out for it—has survived.

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The Hampi site has over 1,600 surviving ruins—mostly Hindu—spread over a wide area. Other significant monuments include a temple near the octagonal bath for

1008: 867: 1797:, Ratnantraykut, Parsvanath Charan and Ganagitti Jain temples. Most of the idols are now missing from these temples, which were built in the 14th century. 441:

in Hindu theology. According to mythology, the maiden Parvati (who is a reincarnation of Shiva's previous wife, Sati) resolves to marry the loner ascetic

5717: 976: 3960: 1640: 546:, Hampadevi and Shiva, according to an inscription dated about 1,199 CE. Hampi became the second royal residence; one of the Hoysala kings was known as 6891: 831: 8610: 8332: 7396: 1440:

fame, and an avatar of Vishnu. It was the ceremonial temple for the royal family. The temple is dated to the early 15th century and is attributed to

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region to ward off Muslim invasions from the Northern India. Some claim that they were Telugu people, who took control of the northern parts of the

6593: 843: 8362: 8072: 7954: 7133: 2113:. All these were supported by the Vijayanagara rulers. However, of all these only Advaita and Shaiva survived after the collapse of Vijayanagara. 1085:, mythical animal melding the features of a horse, lion and other animals with an armed warrior riding it—a characteristic Vijayanagara feature. 349:, and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal. The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by a coalition of 8569: 8544: 7432: 6967: 3982:

Patil, Hemant A.; Gajbhar, Shrishail S. (2012). "Acoustical analysis of musical pillar of great stage of Vitthala temple at Hampi, India".

1908: 1637:

CE. The inclusion of artwork at the tank, such as a warrior fighting a lion, is dated to the 13th century, when Hoysalas frequented Hampi.

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Parvati does not lose her hope or her resolve to win over Shiva; she begins to live like him and engage in the same activities—asceticism,

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styles, but the Hampi builders also used elements of Indian architecture in the Lotus Mahal, the public bath and the elephant stables.

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arose from the ruins of the Kampili kingdom. It grew into one of the famed Hindu empires of South India that ruled for over 200 years.

527:

inscription and a terracotta seal dating to about the 2nd century CE have been found during site excavations. The town is mentioned in

9807: 9071: 7995: 754: 1520:. Images are missing from the square sanctum. The temple has a smaller shrine with friezes depicting the legends of Vishnu avatars. 855: 8630: 8306: 6516: 6354: 1453:

the description of festivals and processions in surviving memoirs of Persians and Portuguese who visited the Vijayanagara capital.

345:, with numerous temples, farms and trading markets. By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest city, after 1661:

Several major temples in Hampi have an embedded kitchen and 100-or-more-pillared feeding halls. Hampi also had a dedicated public

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sultanates; its capital was conquered, pillaged and destroyed by Sultanate armies in 1565, after which Hampi remained in ruins.

9782: 8148: 8093: 7721: 7304: 7153: 6991: 6551: 6339: 1934: 7014: 6523: 6111: 5704: 5606: 5585: 5541: 5507: 5484: 5461: 5440: 5419: 5368: 5347: 5328: 5309: 5288: 5269: 5232: 5205: 5178: 5148: 5121: 5091: 5064: 5020: 4919: 4621: 4445: 4316: 4269: 4095: 3999: 3497: 3327: 3121: 3094: 2987: 2933: 2906: 2879: 2849: 2822: 2795: 2765: 2738: 2652: 2618: 2584: 2448: 2359: 2329: 2299: 2257: 1461: 9064: 6866: 3773: 3616:

Mack, Alexandra (2004). "One Landscape, Many Experiences: Differing Perspectives of the Temple Districts of Vijayanagara".

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Hampi is set in a rocky terrain. Above: one of the many Vijayanagara market ruins, with Tungabhadra River in the background

1985:

houses stand still, but emptie, and there is dwelling in them nothing, as is reported, but Tygres and other wild beasts".

661:

monuments next to each other. The buildings predominantly followed South Indian Hindu arts and architecture dating to the

572:, those of Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, invaded and pillaged South India. The Hoysala Empire and its capital 9817: 9197: 7274: 7238: 6957: 6871: 1970:, a Portuguese traveller, visited Vijayanagara as a part of trade contingent from Portuguese Goa. He wrote his memoir as 1896: 1539:

The Kodandarama temple complex lies near the Tungabhadra River, and is north of Achyutaraya temple. The temple overlooks

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Shiva linga (left) and fierce Yoga-Narasimha monoliths carved in-situ. Narasimha is damaged, his pedestal has burn marks.

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According to Anila Verghese and Dieter Eigner, literary and epigraphical data evidence the existence of Advaita-Smarta

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with a chariot procession to mark the marriage of Virupaksha and Pampa is held in spring, as is the solemn festival of

534:

By the 10th century, it had become a centre of religious and educational activities during the rule of the Hindu kings

3140:, pp. 98, Quote: "Husain (...) ordered him beheaded on the spot, and his head stuffed with straw (for display).". 3086:

The Arabian Seas: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century

1099:

than the eastern gopura, that opens to the Manmatha tank and a pathway to the river with stone reliefs related to the

9503: 8825: 5622: 5524: 2960: 1205: 1065:), a community kitchen, other monuments and a 750 metres (2,460 ft)-long ruined stone market with a monolithic 730:

aligned. The region then came under British influence. The ruins of Hampi were surveyed in 1800 by Scottish Colonel

637:

took them under his protection and established them on the throne and the city was called Vidyanagara in A.D. 1336.

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in the court of the Uddana Veerabhadra Temple. The colour blots on the relief are made by priests or devotees with

201: 118: 2147:. The South Indian artists and architects effected a recovery in Vijayanagara adopting mostly the Dravidian style. 9715: 9187: 8980: 7497: 7462: 5731: 3007: 1831:

A cluster of Jain 150 meters (160 yd) east of the elephant stables. One north-facing temple is dedicated to

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Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries

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of Mysore through the 18th century. In 1799, Tipu Sultan was defeated and killed when the British forces and

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The monuments at this site would have had colours rather than the sandstone tint that they appear in today.

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for its treatment of resident elephant, Lakshmi, who lives at the back of the temple in a narrow alleyway.

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Carla Sinopoli; Peter Johansen; Kathleen Morrison (2009). Steven E. Falconer and Charles L. Redman (ed.).

1316:

colonnaded verandahs lining the compound walls. In the south-east corner is a kitchen with a roof window (

9812: 9589: 9377: 9207: 9000: 8590: 8408: 7264: 6861: 6530: 6359: 6196: 5655: 2109:(monasteries), as well as Shaiva and Vaishnava monasteries – both Sri Vaishnavism and Dvaita Vaishnavism 701:

Hampi and its nearby region remained a contested and fought-over region claimed by the local chiefs, the

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The Vijayanagara Empire built its capital around Hampi, calling it Vijayanagara. Historians propose that

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Indien in Deutschland: Darmstädter Beiträge zum Diskurs über indische Religion, Kultur und Gesellschaft

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South of the Krishna temple's exterior are two adjacent shrines, one containing the largest monolithic

816:

The site is significant historically and archaeologically, for the Vijayanagara period and before. The

34: 1589:. The third level reliefs show a battle procession, couples and scenes of common citizens celebrating 9498: 9322: 9301: 9227: 8056: 7632: 6613: 6600: 5849: 5829: 5700: 5676: 5668: 4514:"Chapter: Folk tradition in the Monumental Setting: Sculptures on the Great Platform at Vijayanagara" 2075: 1772:); an underground temple in the royal centre; a Sugriva cave temple; the Matanga hill monuments; the 1630: 1621: 806: 735: 4029: 1470: 9471: 7248: 7127: 7084: 6608: 6544: 6168: 6133: 6128: 6062: 5805: 3873: 1381:; the Kadalekalu Ganesha and the Sasivekalu Ganesha. The Kadalekalu Ganesha, named after Ganesha's 891: 634: 512: 326: 110: 79: 5552: 1742:

ceremonies in which a person gives a gift by weight equal to, or greater than, their body weight.

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The site was an early medieval era pilgrimage place known as Pampakshetra. Its fame came from the

9639: 9604: 9327: 9222: 8564: 8035: 7334: 7178: 7030: 6828: 6766: 6282: 6002: 5558: 3382:

Fritz, John M. (1986). "Vijayanagara: Authority and Meaning of a South Indian Imperial Capital".

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Verghese, Anila; Eigner, Dieter (1998). "A Monastic Complex in Vithalapura, Hampi Vijayanagara".

2669: 1948: 879: 602:(ritual mass suicide) when the Kampili soldiers faced defeat by Tughlaq's army. In 1336 CE, the 9649: 7627: 7602: 7386: 7122: 6628: 6537: 6331: 5957: 5894: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5083:

Nationalism and Imperialism in South and Southeast Asia: Essays Presented to Damodar R.SarDesai

4338:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 3651:

Cooper, Ilay (1997). "Vijayanagar or Victoria? The Ceiling of the Virupaksha Temple at Hampi".

1805: 924: 5168: 5111: 5054: 5010: 4339: 3487: 3430: 3428: 2977: 2923: 2896: 2812: 2728: 631:

Vidyaranya Kalajana, Vidyaranya Vritanta, Rajakalanirnaya, Pitamahasamhita, Sivatatvaratnakara

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Dallapiccola, A.L.; Verghese, Anila (2001). "The 'Ramanuja temple' in Vitthalapura, Hampi".

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The Hampi builders also included Islamic style arches in fortified gateways at some places.

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The inner walls of the temple has friezes containing extensive narration of the Hindu epic

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The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement

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The above list of archaeological sites, inscriptions and temples is grossly incomplete.

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Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations

3399: 3182: 1328:. The region around the Vitthala temple was called Vitthalapura. It hosted a Vaishnava 674: 9241: 5056:

The Political Economy of Craft Production: Crafting Empire in South India, c.1350–1650

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tradition. It was also a centre for craft production according to inscriptions found.

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Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance: South India Through European Eyes, 1250–1625

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entered into a war with the Vijayanagara Empire. They captured and beheaded the king

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Chalukya's inscriptions as Pampapura, dating from between the 6th and 8th centuries.

403: 378: 342: 4819:"Royal religious beneficence in pre-modern India: social and political implications" 3178: 1369:

built the monument in the early 14th century. This inscription links Hampi with the

9624: 9541: 9508: 9125: 9005: 8519: 8478: 7980: 7677: 7607: 7502: 7364: 7064: 6934: 6914: 6909: 6781: 6422: 6292: 6254: 6234: 6201: 6153: 6082: 6017: 5977: 5952: 5947: 5799: 5781: 4990:. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Karnataka. pp. 15–21. 4966: 4830: 4688:, in Vijayanagara: Progress of Research, Editors: DV Devaraj, CS Patil, pages 67–69 4592: 4562: 4060: 4009: 3987: 3690: 3660: 3625: 3587: 3391: 3359: 3174: 2388: 2135: 1818:

Harihara II, based on an inscription in the temple. It is dedicated to Tirthankara

1633:, reflecting an era in which Hindu and Muslim arts influenced each other in India. 1605: 1479:

Left: Outer walls of the Hazara Rama temple show Hindu festive processions; Right:

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word Hampa and the place Parvati pursued Shiva came to be known as Hampe or Hampi.

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The memoirs of the Portuguese who visited and traded with Vijayanagara mention it.

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The temple opens to the east; it has a gateway with reliefs of all ten avatars of

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Polities and Power: Archaeological Perspectives on the Landscapes of Early States

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Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition

3681:

Dallapiccola, A.L. (1997). "Ceiling Paintings in the Virupaksha Temple, Hampi".

16:

Ancient and medieval monuments, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India

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Beyond Turk and Hindu: Rethinking Religious Identities in Islamicate South Asia

2898:

Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra

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One of these groups has a historically important inscription that records that

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rule in the south between the 11th and 14th century such as in the pillars of

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Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India

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2012 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications (SPCOM)

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The Garuda stone chariot and Vitthala temple gopuram in 1856 (left) and 2016.

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Left: Achyutaraya temple ruins; Right: market in front of the temple ruins.

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A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar

1694: 1616: 1535:

Shivling and Nandi sculptures on the rocks of the Tungabhadra river, Hampi

44: 9015: 8805: 8742: 8706: 8681: 8661: 8656: 8549: 8483: 8316: 8275: 8234: 8128: 8108: 8005: 7883: 7828: 7823: 7788: 7773: 7692: 7542: 7522: 7381: 7359: 7349: 7203: 7094: 6904: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6696: 6681: 6641: 6057: 5164: 5109: 3268:"Group of Monuments at Hampi, Karnataka – Archaeological Survey of India" 1989: 1819: 1719: 1609: 1509: 1185: 723: 622: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 1847: 1252:

The temple gateway shows the Vijayanagara dynastic emblems; a boar from

9433: 9397: 9151: 9040: 9030: 8949: 8934: 8846: 8732: 8711: 8559: 8514: 8468: 8433: 8301: 8249: 7918: 7873: 7848: 7833: 7793: 7672: 7662: 7642: 7577: 7467: 7291: 7243: 7050: 6691: 6487: 6437: 6032: 2123: 2065: 2050: 1866: 1839:. Jain Tirthankaras are also included in reliefs inside Hindu temples. 1815: 1480: 1317: 1090: 1054: 782:

visited and photographed the site in 1856. He created an archive of 60

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was plundered and destroyed in the early 14th century by the armies of

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A Concise History of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present

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Devi Tirtha Kshetra. Hampi continues as a religious centre, with the

300: 99: 65: 9833:

Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent

5254:, (Directorate of Archaeology and Museums), Govt. of Karnataka, 1995 3774:"5 reasons why getting an 'elephant blessing' in India is unethical" 3248: 3165:

Verghese, Anila (2004). "Deities, cults and kings at Vijayanagara".

1703: 1576: 406:

in the eastern part of central Karnataka near the state border with

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Lotus Mahal (left) and elephant stables: syncretic style monuments.

1517: 1513: 1499: 1325: 1278: 783: 743: 712: 476: 446: 361: 333:-linked monastery and various monuments belonging to the old city. 313: 272: 4686:

Archaeological Survey in the Vijayangara Metropolitan Region: 1990

4553:

Michell, George (1985). "Vijayanagara: the architectural record".

4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 3832: 3830: 3754: 3530: 3415: 3413: 2026: 1291:

The Garuda shrine in the form of stone chariot at Vitthala temple.

1283:

garbhagriha, an ardhamandapa and a mahamandapa (or sabha mandapa).

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Lost Cities of China, Central Asia, and India: A Traveler's Guide

4758: 4756: 4754: 4583:(2013). "At the Margins of Architectural and Landscape History". 4470: 4468: 4466: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4368: 4366: 4364: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3725: 1378: 1357:

Others are completed monuments of different designs, such as the

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The Hampi site remained ignored until the mid-19th century, when

617:, the founders of the empire, were commanders in the army of the 614: 516: 492: 488: 465: 438: 382: 381:

which was Pampa, so the name Hampi is the English version of the

346: 322: 5392: 5113:

The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 1, C.1200-c.1750

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within British India, published his survey of the site in 1885.

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Archaeology, Art and Religion: New Perspectives on Vijayanagara

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Archaeology, Art and Religion: New Perspectives on Vijayanagara

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public utilities; some were perhaps used for royal ceremonies.

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This article is about a world heritage site. For the city, see

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Alexandra Mack (2001). "The temple district of Vitthalapura".

3929: 3452: 2787:

Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition

2467:, J. Fritz et al (eds.), VPR Monograph, Manohar, pages 423–434 1122: 9700: 9156: 9045: 8887: 8534: 8458: 7928: 7808: 7702: 7597: 7537: 7507: 6701: 6636: 5281:

A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives

5257: 4780: 4703: 4291:. Directorate of Archaeology & Museums. pp. 128–134. 4232: 4193: 4187: 4126: 3913:. Directorate of Archaeology & Museums. pp. 179–191. 3803: 3780: 3737: 3545: 3464: 3282: 3227: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3148: 3146: 2925:

Head and Heart: Valour and Self-Sacrifice in the Art of India

2716:. Directorate of Archaeology & Museums. pp. 112–113. 2532: 2105: 2045: 1981: 1952: 1567: 1526: 1504: 1333: 1329: 1242: 1238: 1095: 715: 708: 705: 543: 442: 304: 69: 4888: 4489:

Great Platform at Vijayanagara: Architecture & Sculpture

4090:. Mylapore, Chennai: Sri Ramakrishna Math. pp. 31, 32. 2837: 801:, an officer of the Archaeological Survey department of the 9382: 5029: 5009:

John Fritz; George Michell (1991). Kapila Vatsyayan (ed.).

4938: 4900: 4876: 4843: 4691: 4666: 4638: 4524: 3896:. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. pp. 190–195. 2952:

The position of Hindus under the Delhi Sultanate, 1206-1526

2757:

The Puffin History of India for Children, 3000 BC - AD 1947

1790: 1590: 1449: 932: 658: 496: 480: 453: 5432:

The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms

5252:

Hampi : The fabled capital of the Vijayanagara Empire

4609: 3713: 3701: 3193: 3143: 2982:. University Press of Florida. pp. 300–306, 321–322. 640: 4957:

Smith, Alan (1999). "Rock-cut Features at Vijayanagara".

4516:. In Lokesh Chandra; Jyotindra Jain; et al. (eds.). 4403:. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. pp. 84–87. 1444:. The temple's outer walls portray the Hindu Mahanavami ( 1377:

The Hemakuta hill also has monuments with two monolithic

1324:

street ended in a temple honouring the Hindu philosopher

654: 519:

district 269-232 BCE—suggest this region was part of the

5318: 5008: 4285:

Anna L Dallapiccola (1996). DV Devaraj, CS Patil (ed.).

4257: 3254: 2381:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

1231: 5220: 4613:

The Irrigation and Water Supply Systems of Vijayanagara

4429: 4427: 4264:. American Institute of Indian Studies. pp. 1–19. 4088:

Alayam - The Hindu temple - An epitome of Hindu Culture

2610:

Nationalism and Imperialism in South and Southeast Asia

2351:

The Origins of Religious Violence: An Asian Perspective

1776:

temple dedicated to the scholar-musician famed for the

1043: 5197:

Divining the Deccan: A Motorbike to the Heart of India

5110:

Tapan Raychaudhuri; Irfan Habib; Dharma Kumar (1982).

2709: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 915:

covers 41.5 square kilometres (16.0 sq mi).

7194:

Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty

5498:

The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N–Z

2948: 2685: 2661: 2374: 2372: 1259: 410:. It is 140 kilometres (87 mi) southeast of the 7382:

Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat

4579: 4424: 3577: 2008: 1725: 437:—is derived from Pampa, another name of the goddess 5321:

New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara

5105: 5103: 4284: 3907:Anila Verghese (1996). DV Devaraj, CS Patil (ed.). 3676: 3674: 3485: 2593: 2249:

New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara

1826: 1038:

Sculpture in the temple interior, Virupaksha temple

356:Located in Karnataka near the small modern town of 7447: 5495: 5472: 5002: 4440:. Manohar Publishers. pp. 2–3, 27–28, 91–95. 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3067: 3012:(1924 Reprint ed.). George Allen & Unwin. 2730:The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate 2369: 2246:John M. Fritz; George Michell; Clare Arni (2001). 2134:to its north and stretching further south towards 1656: 495:and the monkey army in their search for kidnapped 7743: 7397:Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai 7013: 5052: 4987:Jaina Art and Architecture at Vijayanagara, Hampi 4486: 4434:Anna Libera Dallapiccola; Anila Verghese (1998). 4042: 3525:Michael W. Meister & Madhusudan A. Dhaky 1996 3492:. National Geographic Society. pp. 123–124. 3435:Michael W. Meister & Madhusudan A. Dhaky 1996 2554: 2552: 2317: 1680: 1049:regularly repainted, 50-metre (160 ft) high 1026:Fresco in the temple interior, Virupaksha temple. 9769: 7255:Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana 5530:Michael W. Meister; Madhusudan A. Dhaky (1996). 5493: 5407: 5170:Our Oriental Heritage: The Story of Civilization 5100: 5059:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 146–149. 4437:Sculpture at Vijayanagara: Iconography and Style 4045:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 3671: 3319:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara 3082: 2871:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara 2831: 2817:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 353–354. 2644:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara 2507: 2347: 2294:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 234–236. 2229: 2227: 2225: 1994:Our Oriental Heritage: The Story of Civilization 1014:Fresco in the temple interior. Virupaksha temple 9086: 7134:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks 7113:Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area 5187: 4304: 3564: 3311: 3309: 3068:Murthy, HV Sreenivasa; Ramakrishnan, R (1982). 2863: 2861: 2779: 2777: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2313: 2311: 2287: 1429:Left: Hazara Rama temple; Right: pillars inside 1188:and the other with the largest monolithic Yoga- 5594: 5573: 5449: 5428: 5297: 4870: 4789: 4774: 4733: 4709: 4384: 4226: 4214: 4175: 4154: 4113: 3923: 3906: 3821: 3731: 3512: 3458: 3446: 3419: 3349: 3322:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–39. 2894: 2874:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–19. 2783: 2667: 2647:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–32. 2570: 2558: 2549: 2488: 2378: 2271: 2269: 2233: 2122:The Deccan region near Hampi, particularly in 1558: 944: 820:continues to conduct excavations in the area. 377:The name was derived from the old name of the 9072: 7729: 7433: 6999: 5684: 5470: 5200:. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–221. 4548: 4546: 4544: 2915: 2901:. Oxford University Press. pp. 281–282. 2747: 2726: 2526: 2443:. Oxford University Press. pp. vi–viii. 2343: 2341: 2321:Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction 2222: 1859: 502: 5337: 5040: 4983: 4944: 4906: 4894: 4882: 4858: 4804: 4762: 4745: 4721: 4697: 4672: 4647: 4535: 4474: 4418: 4396: 4372: 4355: 4300: 4298: 4245: 4202: 4135: 3981: 3946: 3889: 3836: 3809: 3797: 3748: 3719: 3707: 3680: 3558: 3539: 3473: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3315: 3306: 3288: 3242: 3221: 3204: 3152: 2969: 2867: 2858: 2804: 2774: 2753: 2705: 2703: 2640: 2627: 2543: 2476: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2308: 2275: 7222:Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram 5533:Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture 5193: 5163: 5143:. University of Arizona Press. p. 37. 5116:. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. 3618:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2976:David Gilmartin; Bruce B. Lawrence (2000). 2790:. Oxford University Press. pp. 38–39. 2457: 2266: 2187: 1800: 1503:. The temple has an entrance mandapa and a 1123:Krishna temple, market, Narasimha and linga 9079: 9065: 7736: 7722: 7440: 7426: 7006: 6992: 5691: 5677: 5356: 5080:Arnold P. Kaminsky; Roger D. Long (2016). 4541: 3760: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3110:Hermann Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). 3001: 2999: 2921: 2810: 2607:Arnold P. Kaminsky; Roger D. Long (2016). 2338: 1568:Mahanavami platform, public square complex 1527:Kodandarama temple and riverside monuments 1339: 1241:, amorous couples, jokers; people in yoga 653:area, Persia and the Portuguese colony of 43: 7070:Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara 5319:J.M. Fritz; George Michell, eds. (2001). 5283:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4834: 4684:Kathleen Morrison Carla Sinopoli (1991), 4511: 4295: 4188:Vinayak Bharne & Krupali Krusche 2014 4109: 4107: 3848: 3611: 3609: 3336: 3035:The Early Muslim expansion in South India 2700: 2575:. Eicher Goodearth Ltd., New Delhi – for 2465:Vijayanagara: Archaeological Explorations 2399: 629:during its decline. As per texts such as 557: 5536:. American Institute of Indian Studies. 5258:Vinayak Bharne; Krupali Krusche (2014). 4520:. Agam Kala Prakashan. pp. 101–104. 4332:Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). 4311:(in German). P. Lang. pp. 273–278. 3164: 2613:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 75–76. 2436: 1872: 1846: 1804: 1755: 1748: 1639: 1615: 1604: 1575: 1549: 1530: 1347: 1286: 1263: 1126: 793:A translation of the memoirs written by 692: 639: 392: 5338:Fritz, John M; Michell, George (2016). 4823:International Journal of Dharma Studies 4552: 3370: 2996: 2838:Robert Bradnock; Roma Bradnock (2000). 2188:Buradikatti, Kumar (19 November 2020). 1600: 1491:as per Vishnu Purana, inside the temple 746:for the damage to the Hampi monuments. 9770: 8094:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park 7305:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park 5550: 5453:Architecture and Art of Southern India 5377: 4663:, Bridgewater Review, 24(1), pp. 15–18 4325: 4261:The Ramachandra Temple at Vijayanagara 4104: 3961:"A Mistake of Elephantine Proportions" 3958: 3650: 3606: 3050: 3022: 3005: 939: 837:View of Hampi Bazaar from Matanga Hill 688: 584:, and again in 1326 CE by the army of 402:Hampi is situated on the banks of the 149:Archaeological Survey of India – Hampi 9060: 7717: 7421: 7065:Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya 6987: 5672: 5517:Hampi Ruins Described and Illustrated 5278: 5012:Concepts of Space, Ancient and Modern 4956: 4331: 4085: 3381: 3137: 3063: 3061: 3059: 2955:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 202. 2928:. Taylor & Francis. p. 311. 2200: 1401: 1232:Achyutaraya temple and market complex 271: 7139:Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi 5086:. Taylor & Francis. p. 66. 3963:. Bangalore Mirror news. Times group 3615: 3255:J.M. Fritz & George Michell 2001 3089:. Taylor & Francis. p. 68. 2463:KD Morrison and CM Sinopoli (2006), 2190:"Ballari set to lose Hampi and more" 1554:Pattabhirama temple in Hampi suburbs 1044:Virupaksha temple and market complex 9099:Hindu architecture and art glossary 7239:Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram 5173:. Simon and Schuster. p. 579. 4816: 4610:Dominic J. Davison-Jenkins (1997). 3959:Prasad, Shyam S (25 October 2014). 2733:. Penguin Books. pp. 155–157. 2564: 2252:. Marg Publications. pp. 1–7. 1842: 1268:Vitthala temple gopuram and market. 923:local stone; the dominant style is 13: 9580:Brihadisvara Gangaikondacholapuram 5479:. University of California Press. 4288:Vijayanagara, Progress of Research 3910:Vijayanagara, Progress of Research 3630:10.1023/b:jarm.0000014617.58744.1d 3056: 2713:Vijayanagara, Progress of Research 1677:or "canal connected with eating". 1260:Vitthala temple and market complex 14: 9844: 9793:Archaeological sites in Karnataka 8826:Subrahmanya Temple, Saluvankuppam 5631: 4258:Anna Libera Dallapiccola (1992). 2710:D.V. Devaraj; C.S. Patil (1987). 1784: 1726:Other Hindu temples and monuments 1512:, Durga as Mahishasuramardini of 1311:The mandapa links to an enclosed 1249:poses; and Vijayanagara emblems. 1117:attracted criticism from tourists 1053:, a Hindu monastery dedicated to 809:published his scholarly treatise 550:or "lord of Hampi". According to 9808:Tourist attractions in Karnataka 9240: 7902: 7260:Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas 7244:Group of Monuments at Pattadakal 5699: 5665:, Kathleen Morrison, UC Berkeley 5640:, Archaeological Survey of India 5227:. Adventures. pp. 186–187. 5221:David Hatcher Childress (1985). 5214: 5157: 5130: 5073: 5046: 4977: 4950: 4912: 4810: 4678: 4653: 4603: 4573: 4505: 4480: 4454: 4390: 4278: 4251: 3303:, Archaeological Survey of India 2159: 2150: 2025: 2011: 1933: 1921: 1907: 1895: 1827:Other Jain temples and monuments 1702: 1693: 1469: 1460: 1419: 1410: 1213: 1204: 1156: 1147: 1088:The sanctum of the temple has a 1031: 1019: 1007: 987: 975: 963: 951: 902: 890: 878: 866: 854: 842: 830: 762: 753: 542:of South India built temples to 237: 230: 207: 200: 5656:Fields of Victory: Vijayanagara 5627:Karnataka State Gazetteer 1983. 5616:The Ruins of Hampi:Travel Guide 5551:Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta (1955). 5435:. University of Chicago Press. 5301:Hinduism and the Religious Arts 5244: 4079: 4036: 3975: 3952: 3900: 3883: 3876:and Daniela Bevilacqua (2016), 3867: 3842: 3766: 3644: 3479: 3294: 3260: 3179:10.1080/1468936042000282726812a 3158: 3103: 3076: 3044: 3037:, 1942; B. Surya Narayana Rao, 3027: 3016: 2942: 2888: 2720: 2430: 2126:– another world heritage site, 2116: 2097: 2088: 1665:(house of food) where numerous 1657:Fountains and community kitchen 515:in Nittur and Udegolan—both in 9823:World Heritage Sites in Danger 9798:Former capital cities in India 8505:Anakkara megalithic necropolis 8414:Brahmagiri archaeological site 7448:Historical Places in Karnataka 7227:Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur 5753:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate 5456:. Cambridge University Press. 4086:Reddy, G.Venkatramana (2010). 3855:. Kala Yatra. pp. 25–27. 2949:Kanhaiya L Srivastava (1980). 2760:. Penguin Books. p. 195. 2577:Archaeological Survey of India 2281: 2239: 2181: 1681:Elephant stables and enclosure 970:Ruins of Vijaya Vittala Temple 849:Entrance to Sri Krishna Temple 823: 818:Archaeological Survey of India 679:coalition of Muslim sultanates 523:during the 3rd century BCE. A 1: 9783:World Heritage Sites in India 7745:Archaeological sites in India 7184:Khangchendzonga National Park 7015:World Heritage Sites in India 6834:List of people from Karnataka 5650:Vijayanagara Research Project 5519:, (Laurier Books Ltd., 1998) 5250:S.Srinivasachar, T.S.Satyan, 5015:. Abhinav. pp. 198–199. 4971:10.1080/02666030.1999.9628564 4567:10.1080/02666030.1985.9628330 3695:10.1080/02666030.1997.9628525 3665:10.1080/02666030.1997.9628526 3592:10.1080/02666030.2001.9628595 3396:10.1525/aa.1986.88.1.02a00030 3364:10.1080/02666030.1998.9628555 2354:. Lexington. pp. 11–14. 2324:. McFarland. pp. 77–78. 2208:"Group of Monuments at Hampi" 2175: 861:Temple on top of Matanga Hill 336:Hampi was the capital of the 238: 208: 7819:Gudiwada Dibba, Vizianagaram 7315:Churches and convents of Goa 7310:Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus 7059:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway 7041:Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi 7036:Khajuraho Group of Monuments 6930:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award 5646:, UNESCO World Heritage List 5387:. Bangalore: Jupiter Books. 4817:Rao, Nalini (19 July 2016). 4116:Marg: A Magazine of the Arts 3880:, SOAS, University of London 3852:Hampi, a Medieval Metropolis 3486:National Geographic (2008). 2844:. McGraw-Hill. p. 959. 2573:World Heritage Series: Hampi 1972:Chronica dos reis de Bisnaga 1881: 1580:Mahanavami platform monument 982:Gopuram of Virupaksha Temple 372: 29:Groups of Monuments at Hampi 7: 9088:Hindu inscriptions and arts 7234:Group of Monuments at Hampi 5644:Group of Monuments at Hampi 5601:. Oxford University Press. 5580:. Oxford University Press. 4661:Photographs of Hampi, India 2671:World Heritage Series Hampi 2425:Group of Monuments at Hampi 2004: 1644:A stepped square water tank 1559:Pattabhirama temple complex 1131:The ruins of Krishna Temple 945:Hindu temples and monuments 873:Sasivekalu Ganesha monument 475:chapters of the Hindu epic 388: 278:Group of Monuments at Hampi 276:), also referred to as the 10: 9849: 9818:10th-century Hindu temples 9595:Chennakesava Somanathapura 8439:Kallur archaeological site 7900: 7409:Mountain Railways of India 7372:Historic City of Ahmadabad 7212:Great Living Chola Temples 7031:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka 5279:Eaton, Richard M. (2006). 5053:Carla M. Sinopoli (2003). 4616:. Manohar. pp. 1–12. 4597:10.1163/22118993-0301P0006 4487:Anna Dallapiccola (2010). 3992:10.1109/spcom.2012.6290213 3116:. Routledge. p. 191. 2318:Michael C. Howard (2011). 2278:, pp. 11–23, backpage 1860:Ahmad Khan mosque and tomb 958:Virupaksha temple at Hampi 909:Mandapam with water body. 561: 503:Ancient to 14th century CE 36:UNESCO World Heritage Site 18: 9747: 9729: 9691: 9671: 9662: 9565: 9534: 9525: 9426: 9360: 9351: 9315: 9274: 9258: 9249: 9238: 9175: 9139: 9118: 9107: 9094: 8968: 8922: 8901: 8875: 8834: 8793: 8777: 8751: 8720: 8644: 8583: 8497: 8391: 8325: 8289: 8268: 8162: 8086: 8065: 8049: 7968: 7942: 7911: 7751: 7453: 7405: 7387:The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur 7320:Dholavira:a Harappan city 7290: 7202: 7169: 7093: 7049: 7021: 6943: 6890: 6842: 6815: 6627: 6614:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana 6501: 6398: 6330: 6273: 6225: 6177: 6119: 6106: 5908: 5820: 5730: 5715: 5661:21 September 2015 at the 5494:James Lochtefeld (2002), 5408:Stella Kramrisch (1993). 4836:10.1186/s40613-016-0030-z 4491:. Manohar. pp. 1–9. 3083:Rene J. Barendse (2016). 2393:10.1163/15685209-12341314 2348:Nicholas F. Gier (2014). 2076:Vijayanagara Architecture 1889:Hampi ruins, 19th century 1793:temples at Hampi include 1631:Indo-Islamic architecture 1077:(lamp pillar) and Nandi. 1061:tradition, a water tank ( 736:Surveyor General of India 311:; it is mentioned in the 194: 155: 143: 135: 127: 117: 105: 95: 85: 75: 51: 42: 33: 9439:Bateshwar Madhya Pradesh 7249:Nilgiri Mountain Railway 7189:Manas Wildlife Sanctuary 7085:Sundarbans National Park 6609:Kannada Sahitya Parishat 6063:Unification of Karnataka 5041:Fritz & Michell 2016 4945:Fritz & Michell 2016 4907:Fritz & Michell 2016 4895:Fritz & Michell 2016 4883:Fritz & Michell 2016 4859:Fritz & Michell 2016 4805:Fritz & Michell 2016 4763:Fritz & Michell 2016 4746:Fritz & Michell 2016 4722:Fritz & Michell 2016 4698:Fritz & Michell 2016 4673:Fritz & Michell 2016 4648:Fritz & Michell 2016 4536:Fritz & Michell 2016 4518:Dimensions of Indian Art 4475:Fritz & Michell 2016 4419:Fritz & Michell 2016 4373:Fritz & Michell 2016 4356:Fritz & Michell 2016 4305:Roger Töpelmann (1990). 4246:Fritz & Michell 2016 4203:Fritz & Michell 2016 4136:Fritz & Michell 2016 3947:Fritz & Michell 2016 3837:Fritz & Michell 2016 3810:Fritz & Michell 2016 3798:Fritz & Michell 2016 3763:, pp. 130–131, 330. 3749:Fritz & Michell 2016 3720:Fritz & Michell 2016 3708:Fritz & Michell 2016 3559:Fritz & Michell 2016 3540:Fritz & Michell 2016 3527:, pp. 21–23, 91–92. 3474:Fritz & Michell 2016 3289:Fritz & Michell 2016 3243:Fritz & Michell 2016 3222:Fritz & Michell 2016 3205:Fritz & Michell 2016 3153:Fritz & Michell 2016 2544:Fritz & Michell 2016 2529:, pp. 46–52, 42–44. 2477:Fritz & Michell 2016 2437:Verghese, Anila (2000). 2288:Joan-Pau Rubiés (2002). 2276:Fritz & Michell 2016 2081: 1851:Ahmad Khan tomb in Hampi 1801:Ganagitti temple complex 1069:shrine on the east end. 425:—traditionally known as 9585:Airavatesvara Darasuram 8565:Thovarimala Ezhuthupara 7335:Hill Forts of Rajasthan 7179:Kaziranga National Park 6829:Karnataka ethnic groups 6767:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III 5595:Anila Verghese (2000). 5574:Anila Verghese (2002). 5559:Oxford University Press 5450:George Michell (1995). 5429:George Michell (1977). 5414:. Motilal Banarsidass. 5304:. Bloomsbury Academic. 5298:Heather Elgood (2000). 4400:Sculptural Art of Hampi 3893:Sculptural Art of Hampi 3384:American Anthropologist 3072:. S Chand. p. 148. 3006:Sewell, Robert (1900). 2895:Cynthia Talbot (2001). 2784:David M. Knipe (2015). 2668:D. Devakunjari (2007). 2571:D. Devakunjari (2007). 1928:Vitthala temple in 1880 1340:Hemakuta hill monuments 9575:Brihadisvara Thanjavur 7377:Jaipur City, Rajasthan 7123:Keoladeo National Park 5471:David Kinsley (1988). 5264:. Cambridge Scholars. 4335:India through the ages 3986:. IEEE. pp. 1–5. 3878:The Hatha Yoga Project 3542:, pp. 58–65, 155. 3437:, pp. xvii–xviii. 3039:History of Vijayanagar 2727:Abraham Eraly (2015). 2561:, pp. 6–7, 40, 92 1940:King's balance in 1858 1902:Krishna temple in 1868 1878: 1852: 1810: 1761: 1753: 1645: 1625: 1620:Queen's Bath built in 1613: 1581: 1555: 1536: 1353: 1292: 1269: 1132: 698: 645: 635:Śringeri Śarada Pītham 558:14th century and after 418:archaeological sites. 399: 9828:Architecture in India 9635:Jageshwar Uttarakhand 9600:Hoysaleswara Halebidu 7118:Humayun's Tomb, Delhi 6098:Western Ganga dynasty 4984:H. T. Talwar (1997). 4397:K. M. Suresh (1998). 4217:, pp. 27, 36–37. 3890:K. M. Suresh (1998). 3316:Burton Stein (1989). 3033:N. Ventakaramanayya, 2868:Burton Stein (1989). 2754:Roshen Dalal (2002). 2641:Burton Stein (1989). 2508:James Lochtefeld 2002 1996:recites the story of 1876: 1850: 1809:Ganagitti Jain temple 1808: 1759: 1752: 1643: 1619: 1612:at the Krishna temple 1608: 1579: 1553: 1534: 1516:and Shiva-Parvati of 1352:Hemakuta hill temples 1351: 1290: 1267: 1130: 696: 643: 396: 307:. Hampi predates the 297:Vijayanagara district 221:Show map of Karnataka 179:15.33444°N 76.46222°E 62:Vijayanagara district 9803:Ghost towns in India 9672:Archaeological sites 9610:Nataraja Chidambaram 9535:Archaeological sites 9275:Archaeological sites 9140:Archaeological sites 8575:Vizhinjam rock caves 7839:Kotturu Dhanadibbalu 7265:Chennakeshava Temple 7217:Airavatesvara Temple 7159:Complexe du Capitole 7128:Kalka–Shimla railway 6920:Rajyotsava Prashasti 6787:K. S. Narasimhaswamy 5502:, Rosen Publishing, 5379:Kamath, Suryanath U. 5194:Bill Aitken (1999). 4581:D. Fairchild Ruggles 3070:History of Karnataka 1601:Water infrastructure 586:Muhammad bin Tughlaq 91:Cultural: i, iii, iv 9788:Vijayanagara Empire 9721:Hinduism by country 9590:Chennakeshava Belur 9499:Sirpur Chhattisgarh 9494:Mahabalipuram Group 7270:Hoysaleswara Temple 6807:G. S. Shivarudrappa 6777:Gopalakrishna Adiga 6428:Chitrakala Parishat 6355:Dams and reservoirs 6227:Kalaburagi division 6068:Vijayanagara Empire 6043:Rashtrakuta dynasty 5958:Chitradurga Nayakas 5744:Emblem of Karnataka 5357:Adam Hardy (1995). 4959:South Asian Studies 4871:Anila Verghese 2002 4807:, pp. 102–103. 4790:Anila Verghese 2002 4775:Anila Verghese 2002 4734:Anila Verghese 2002 4710:Anila Verghese 2002 4659:Roger Dunn (2005), 4555:South Asian Studies 4385:Anila Verghese 2002 4358:, pp. 108–109. 4227:Anila Verghese 2002 4215:Anila Verghese 2002 4176:George Michell 1995 4155:Anila Verghese 2002 4057:2008ASAJ..124..911K 3924:Anila Verghese 2002 3839:, pp. 105–107. 3822:Anila Verghese 2002 3734:, pp. 150–151. 3732:George Michell 1977 3683:South Asian Studies 3653:South Asian Studies 3580:South Asian Studies 3513:Anila Verghese 2002 3459:Anila Verghese 2000 3447:Anila Verghese 2002 3420:Anila Verghese 2002 3352:South Asian Studies 2922:Mary Storm (2015). 2814:Gazetteer of Mysore 2811:B. L. Rice (2001). 2559:Anila Verghese 2002 2510:, pp. 503–505. 2489:Anila Verghese 2002 2479:, pp. 154–155. 2234:Anila Verghese 2002 2071:Vijayanagara Empire 1959:, who visited from 1914:Rama temple in 1868 1795:Hemkut Jain temples 940:List of attractions 689:Archaeological site 604:Vijayanagara Empire 564:Vijayanagara Empire 338:Vijayanagara Empire 309:Vijayanagara Empire 285:World Heritage Site 175: / 30: 9813:Forts in Karnataka 9463:Alampur Telangana 9449:Chaturbhuj Gwalior 9188:Hathibada Ghosundi 8449:Kupgal petroglyphs 8312:Martand Sun Temple 7080:Sun Temple, Konark 6717:Nijaguna Shivayogi 6121:Bangalore division 5340:Hampi Vijayanagara 4926:on 30 October 2018 4512:G Michell (1986). 3949:, pp. 98–103. 3849:S. Settar (1990). 3113:A History of India 3053:, pp. 157–160 3009:A Forgotten Empire 2527:David Kinsley 1988 1947:In the memoirs of 1879: 1853: 1811: 1762: 1754: 1646: 1626: 1614: 1582: 1556: 1537: 1402:Hazara Rama temple 1354: 1293: 1270: 1133: 811:A Forgotten Empire 780:Alexander Greenlaw 699: 675:Battle of Talikota 646: 568:The armies of the 431:Kishkindha-kshetra 400: 184:15.33444; 76.46222 28: 9765: 9764: 9740: 9732: 9687: 9686: 9658: 9657: 9625:Dewark Sun Temple 9521: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9236: 9235: 9193:Heliodorus pillar 9167:Pandu Rajar Dhibi 9054: 9053: 9036:Pandu Rajar Dhibi 8986:Bishnupur temples 8821:Sittanavasal Cave 8290:Jammu and Kashmir 8031:Son Bhandar Caves 7912:Arunachal Pradesh 7814:Gudimallam Lingam 7799:Ghantasala, India 7711: 7710: 7518:Chaudayyadanapura 7415: 7414: 6981: 6980: 6925:Jakanachari Award 6762:Shishunala Sharif 6473:Togalu gombeyaata 6326: 6325: 6179:Belagavi division 6023:Kingdom of Mysore 6003:Kalyani Chalukyas 5812:Southern birdwing 5608:978-0-19-564890-4 5587:978-0-19-565433-2 5543:978-81-86526-00-2 5509:978-0-8239-2287-1 5486:978-0-520-90883-3 5463:978-0-521-44110-0 5442:978-0-226-53230-1 5421:978-81-208-0224-7 5370:978-81-7017-312-0 5349:978-81-8495-602-3 5330:978-81-85026-53-4 5311:978-0-304-70739-3 5290:978-0-521-71627-7 5271:978-1-4438-6734-4 5234:978-0-932813-00-8 5207:978-0-19-564711-2 5180:978-1-4516-4668-9 5150:978-0-8165-2603-1 5123:978-0-521-22692-9 5093:978-1-351-99743-0 5066:978-1-139-44074-5 5022:978-81-7017-252-9 4873:, pp. 57–58. 4777:, pp. 68–70. 4765:, pp. 77–81. 4748:, pp. 77–78. 4736:, pp. 70–72. 4724:, pp. 82–83. 4623:978-81-7304-031-3 4477:, pp. 88–90. 4447:978-81-7304-232-4 4421:, pp. 88–89. 4387:, pp. 73–74. 4375:, pp. 93–94. 4318:978-3-631-42335-6 4271:978-81-85425-27-6 4248:, pp. 84–86. 4229:, pp. 36–37. 4205:, pp. 68–69. 4190:, pp. 72–74. 4178:, pp. 28–29. 4157:, pp. 37–39. 4138:, pp. 66–69. 4097:978-81-7823-542-4 4065:10.1121/1.2945170 4001:978-1-4673-2014-6 3926:, pp. 47–49. 3824:, pp. 47–48. 3812:, pp. 70–71. 3800:, pp. 70–72. 3751:, pp. 62–66. 3561:, pp. 60–63. 3515:, pp. 38–42. 3499:978-1-4262-0336-7 3476:, pp. 58–65. 3449:, pp. 18–22. 3422:, pp. 20–22. 3329:978-0-521-26693-2 3291:, pp. 13–14. 3245:, pp. 52–53. 3224:, pp. 50–51. 3167:World Archaeology 3123:978-0-415-32920-0 3096:978-1-317-45835-7 2989:978-0-8130-3099-9 2935:978-1-317-32556-7 2908:978-0-19-803123-9 2881:978-0-521-26693-2 2851:978-0-658-01151-1 2824:978-81-206-0977-8 2797:978-0-19-026673-8 2767:978-0-14-333544-3 2740:978-93-5118-658-8 2654:978-0-521-26693-2 2620:978-1-351-99742-3 2586:978-81-87780-42-7 2546:, pp. 14–15. 2491:, pp. 85–87. 2450:978-0-19-564890-4 2361:978-0-7391-9223-8 2331:978-0-7864-8625-0 2301:978-0-521-52613-5 2259:978-81-85026-53-4 2056:Krishna Deva Raya 1949:Niccolò de' Conti 1448:) and the spring 1313:pradakshina patha 1115:. The temple has 803:Madras Presidency 621:stationed in the 536:Kalyana Chalukyas 404:Tungabhadra River 379:Tungabhadra River 360:with the city of 343:Tungabhadra River 327:Virupaksha Temple 258: 257: 249:Show map of India 217:Location of Hampi 80:Virupaksha Temple 9840: 9738: 9730: 9716:Pilgrimage sites 9669: 9668: 9532: 9531: 9434:Pattadakal Group 9358: 9357: 9256: 9255: 9244: 9198:Lakulisa Mathura 9126:Didarganj Yakshi 9116: 9115: 9081: 9074: 9067: 9058: 9057: 8520:Cheraman Parambu 8479:Shravanabelagola 8269:Himachal Pradesh 7906: 7738: 7731: 7724: 7715: 7714: 7678:Shravanabelagola 7608:Kukke Subramanya 7442: 7435: 7428: 7419: 7418: 7365:Ranthambore Fort 7144:Red Fort Complex 7008: 7001: 6994: 6985: 6984: 6935:Kempegowda Award 6915:Basava Puraskara 6910:Nrupatunga Award 6782:V. Seetharamaiah 6603: 6596: 6589: 6582: 6575: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6552:Western Chalukya 6547: 6540: 6533: 6526: 6519: 6493:Mysore musicians 6423:Channapatna toys 6340:Cities and towns 6293:Dakshina Kannada 6117: 6116: 6083:Veera Ballala II 6018:Kittur Chennamma 5978:Kingdom of Coorg 5953:Chalukya dynasty 5703: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5670: 5669: 5612: 5591: 5570: 5547: 5515:A.N. Longhurst, 5512: 5501: 5490: 5478: 5467: 5446: 5425: 5411:The Hindu Temple 5404: 5374: 5353: 5334: 5315: 5294: 5275: 5239: 5238: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5027: 5026: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4922:. Archived from 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4793: 4787: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4749: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4636: 4635: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4550: 4539: 4533: 4522: 4521: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4461: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4431: 4422: 4416: 4405: 4404: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4359: 4353: 4344: 4343: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4302: 4293: 4292: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4158: 4152: 4139: 4133: 4124: 4123: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4021: 4013: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3887: 3881: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3778: 3777: 3776:. 24 April 2019. 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3678: 3669: 3668: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3613: 3604: 3603: 3575: 3562: 3556: 3543: 3537: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3462: 3461:, pp. 1–12. 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3423: 3417: 3408: 3407: 3379: 3368: 3367: 3347: 3334: 3333: 3313: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3225: 3219: 3208: 3202: 3191: 3190: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3127: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3065: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3031: 3025: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3003: 2994: 2993: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2865: 2856: 2855: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2707: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2684:. Archived from 2665: 2659: 2658: 2638: 2625: 2624: 2604: 2591: 2590: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2547: 2541: 2530: 2524: 2511: 2505: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2397: 2396: 2376: 2367: 2365: 2345: 2336: 2335: 2315: 2306: 2305: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2264: 2263: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2210:. World Heritage 2204: 2198: 2197: 2185: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2148: 2120: 2114: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2021: 2016: 2015: 2014: 1937: 1925: 1911: 1899: 1843:Muslim monuments 1706: 1697: 1473: 1464: 1423: 1414: 1217: 1208: 1160: 1151: 1035: 1023: 1011: 991: 979: 967: 955: 906: 894: 882: 870: 858: 846: 834: 766: 757: 435:Bhaskara-kshetra 293:Ballari district 275: 270: 250: 241: 240: 234: 222: 211: 210: 204: 190: 189: 187: 186: 185: 180: 176: 173: 172: 171: 168: 151: 136:Buffer zone 47: 37: 31: 27: 9848: 9847: 9843: 9842: 9841: 9839: 9838: 9837: 9768: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9743: 9725: 9683: 9664: 9654: 9640:Sasbahu Gwalior 9620:Modhera Gujarat 9561: 9527: 9513: 9484:Somnath Gujarat 9454:Masrur Himachal 9422: 9418:Elephanta Caves 9368:Udayagiri Caves 9347: 9343:Mandasor Pillar 9311: 9297:Chandraketugarh 9270: 9259:Arts, sculpture 9251: 9245: 9232: 9208:Mountain Temple 9171: 9135: 9131:Pompeii Lakshmi 9119:Arts, sculpture 9111: 9109: 9103: 9090: 9085: 9055: 9050: 8991:Chandraketugarh 8964: 8918: 8897: 8871: 8830: 8789: 8773: 8747: 8716: 8677:Ghorawadi Caves 8640: 8611:Panguria, India 8579: 8493: 8387: 8333:Barwadi Punkhri 8321: 8285: 8264: 8158: 8082: 8061: 8045: 8026:Saptaparni Cave 7964: 7938: 7907: 7898: 7889:Undavalli caves 7747: 7742: 7712: 7707: 7449: 7446: 7416: 7411: 7401: 7325:Elephanta Caves 7286: 7198: 7165: 7089: 7045: 7017: 7012: 6982: 6977: 6939: 6900:Karnataka Ratna 6886: 6838: 6811: 6747:Jagannatha Dasa 6662:Devar Dasimayya 6623: 6599: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6557: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6497: 6394: 6322: 6275:Mysore division 6269: 6221: 6173: 6169:Chikkaballapura 6134:Bangalore Rural 6129:Bangalore Urban 6102: 6093:Vikramaditya VI 6088:Vikramaditya II 6013:Shivappa Nayaka 5998:Kadamba dynasty 5904: 5816: 5726: 5711: 5697: 5663:Wayback Machine 5634: 5609: 5588: 5544: 5510: 5487: 5464: 5443: 5422: 5371: 5350: 5331: 5312: 5291: 5272: 5247: 5242: 5235: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5192: 5188: 5181: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5078: 5074: 5067: 5051: 5047: 5039: 5030: 5023: 5007: 5003: 4982: 4978: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4905: 4901: 4893: 4889: 4881: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4844: 4815: 4811: 4803: 4796: 4788: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4752: 4744: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4658: 4654: 4646: 4639: 4624: 4608: 4604: 4578: 4574: 4551: 4542: 4534: 4525: 4510: 4506: 4499: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4464: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4432: 4425: 4417: 4408: 4395: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4362: 4354: 4347: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4303: 4296: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4244: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4213: 4209: 4201: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4161: 4153: 4142: 4134: 4127: 4112: 4105: 4098: 4084: 4080: 4041: 4037: 4025: 4024: 4015: 4014: 4002: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3957: 3953: 3945: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3905: 3901: 3888: 3884: 3874:James Mallinson 3872: 3868: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3781: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3761:Adam Hardy 1995 3759: 3755: 3747: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3679: 3672: 3649: 3645: 3614: 3607: 3576: 3565: 3557: 3546: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3500: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3426: 3418: 3411: 3380: 3371: 3348: 3337: 3330: 3314: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3228: 3220: 3211: 3203: 3194: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3124: 3108: 3104: 3097: 3081: 3077: 3066: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3017: 3004: 2997: 2990: 2974: 2970: 2963: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2809: 2805: 2798: 2782: 2775: 2768: 2752: 2748: 2741: 2725: 2721: 2708: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2688:on 29 June 2011 2682: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2639: 2628: 2621: 2605: 2594: 2587: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2550: 2542: 2533: 2525: 2514: 2506: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2400: 2377: 2370: 2362: 2346: 2339: 2332: 2316: 2309: 2302: 2286: 2282: 2274: 2267: 2260: 2244: 2240: 2236:, pp. 1–18 2232: 2223: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2145:Delhi Sultanate 2121: 2117: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2012: 2010: 2007: 1978:Cesare Federici 1945: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1891: 1890: 1884: 1862: 1845: 1829: 1803: 1787: 1728: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1699: 1698: 1683: 1659: 1603: 1597:the step tank. 1570: 1561: 1529: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1466: 1465: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1416: 1415: 1404: 1371:Kampili kingdom 1342: 1262: 1234: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1210: 1209: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1153: 1152: 1125: 1113:Maha Shivaratri 1059:Advaita Vedanta 1046: 1039: 1036: 1027: 1024: 1015: 1012: 1003: 992: 983: 980: 971: 968: 959: 956: 947: 942: 910: 907: 898: 895: 886: 883: 874: 871: 862: 859: 850: 847: 838: 835: 826: 776: 775: 774: 773: 769: 768: 767: 759: 758: 732:Colin Mackenzie 728:Wadiyar dynasty 691: 683:Aliya Rama Raya 593:Kampili kingdom 582:Alauddin Khalji 570:Delhi Sultanate 566: 560: 505: 391: 375: 321:of Hinduism as 299:, east-central 273:[hɐmpe] 268: 254: 253: 252: 251: 248: 247: 244: 243: 242: 225: 224: 223: 220: 219: 218: 214: 213: 212: 183: 181: 177: 174: 169: 166: 164: 162: 161: 147: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9846: 9836: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9754: 9748: 9745: 9744: 9742: 9741: 9735: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9697: 9695: 9689: 9688: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9681: 9675: 9673: 9666: 9665:(1400-1799 CE) 9660: 9659: 9656: 9655: 9653: 9652: 9650:Jagannath Puri 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9571: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9538: 9536: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9489:Dwarka Gujarat 9486: 9481: 9476: 9475: 9474: 9469: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9444:Teli ka Mandir 9441: 9436: 9430: 9428: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9403:Mandasor Shiva 9400: 9395: 9390: 9388:Nachna Parvati 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9364: 9362: 9355: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9340: 9338:Mandasor Stone 9335: 9333:Vadathika Cave 9330: 9325: 9319: 9317: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9262: 9260: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9231: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9179: 9177: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9133: 9128: 9122: 9120: 9113: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9101: 9095: 9092: 9091: 9084: 9083: 9076: 9069: 9061: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9011:Harinarayanpur 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8972: 8970: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8926: 8924: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8916: 8911: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8879: 8877: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8857:Nelakondapalli 8854: 8849: 8844: 8838: 8836: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8797: 8795: 8791: 8790: 8788: 8787: 8781: 8779: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8755: 8753: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8636:Udaygiri Caves 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8587: 8585: 8584:Madhya Pradesh 8581: 8580: 8578: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8501: 8499: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8395: 8393: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8293: 8291: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8281:Masrur Temples 8278: 8272: 8270: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8166: 8164: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8090: 8088: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8069: 8067: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8059: 8053: 8051: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7972: 7970: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7955:Kamakhya Hill 7952: 7946: 7944: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7915: 7913: 7909: 7908: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7859:Pavurallakonda 7856: 7854:Nagarjunakonda 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7755: 7753: 7752:Andhra Pradesh 7749: 7748: 7741: 7740: 7733: 7726: 7718: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7444: 7437: 7430: 7422: 7413: 7412: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7355:Jaisalmer Fort 7352: 7347: 7342: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7296: 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7275:Keshava Temple 7272: 7267: 7257: 7252: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7208: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7175: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7108:Fatehpur Sikri 7105: 7099: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7055: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7027: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7011: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6988: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6949: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6896: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6867:National parks 6864: 6859: 6854: 6848: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6825: 6823: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6802:D. V. Gundappa 6799: 6794: 6792:M. Govinda Pai 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6727:Purandara Dasa 6724: 6722:Ratnakaravarni 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6633: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6576: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6507: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6453:Karnatik music 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6404: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6336: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6283:Chamarajanagar 6279: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6231: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6217:Uttara Kannada 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6183: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6123: 6114: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6078:Vishnuvardhana 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6008:Keladi Nayakas 6005: 6000: 5995: 5993:Hoysala Empire 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5895:Transportation 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5826: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5793: 5784: 5775: 5766: 5764:Asian elephant 5756: 5755: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5696: 5695: 5688: 5681: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5633: 5632:External links 5630: 5629: 5628: 5625: 5613: 5607: 5592: 5586: 5571: 5548: 5542: 5527: 5513: 5508: 5491: 5485: 5468: 5462: 5447: 5441: 5426: 5420: 5405: 5375: 5369: 5354: 5348: 5335: 5329: 5316: 5310: 5295: 5289: 5276: 5270: 5255: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5233: 5213: 5206: 5186: 5179: 5156: 5149: 5129: 5122: 5099: 5092: 5072: 5065: 5045: 5028: 5021: 5001: 4976: 4949: 4937: 4911: 4899: 4897:, p. 104. 4887: 4875: 4863: 4842: 4809: 4794: 4779: 4767: 4750: 4738: 4726: 4714: 4702: 4690: 4677: 4665: 4652: 4637: 4622: 4602: 4572: 4540: 4523: 4504: 4498:978-8173048586 4497: 4479: 4462: 4453: 4446: 4423: 4406: 4389: 4377: 4360: 4345: 4324: 4317: 4294: 4277: 4270: 4250: 4231: 4219: 4207: 4192: 4180: 4159: 4140: 4125: 4103: 4096: 4078: 4051:(2): 911–917. 4035: 4026:|journal= 4000: 3974: 3951: 3928: 3916: 3899: 3882: 3866: 3841: 3826: 3814: 3802: 3779: 3765: 3753: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3670: 3643: 3605: 3586:(1): 109–116. 3563: 3544: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3498: 3478: 3463: 3451: 3439: 3424: 3409: 3369: 3358:(1): 127–140. 3335: 3328: 3305: 3293: 3281: 3259: 3247: 3226: 3209: 3192: 3173:(3): 416–431. 3157: 3142: 3130: 3122: 3102: 3095: 3075: 3055: 3043: 3026: 3015: 2995: 2988: 2968: 2961: 2941: 2934: 2914: 2907: 2887: 2880: 2857: 2850: 2841:India Handbook 2830: 2823: 2803: 2796: 2773: 2766: 2746: 2739: 2719: 2699: 2681:978-8187780427 2680: 2660: 2653: 2626: 2619: 2592: 2585: 2563: 2548: 2531: 2512: 2493: 2481: 2469: 2456: 2449: 2429: 2398: 2387:(3): 433–470. 2368: 2360: 2337: 2330: 2307: 2300: 2280: 2265: 2258: 2238: 2221: 2199: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2158: 2149: 2115: 2096: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2033:Society portal 2022: 2006: 2003: 1988:The historian 1939: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1877:Rocks of Hampi 1861: 1858: 1844: 1841: 1828: 1825: 1802: 1799: 1786: 1785:Jain monuments 1783: 1778:Carnatic music 1760:Octagonal bath 1727: 1724: 1711: 1710: 1701: 1700: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1658: 1655: 1602: 1599: 1569: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1528: 1525: 1478: 1477: 1468: 1467: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1428: 1427: 1418: 1417: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1341: 1338: 1261: 1258: 1233: 1230: 1222: 1221: 1212: 1211: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1176:starting with 1165: 1164: 1155: 1154: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1124: 1121: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1006: 1004: 993: 986: 984: 981: 974: 972: 969: 962: 960: 957: 950: 946: 943: 941: 938: 929:Hoysala Empire 912: 911: 908: 901: 899: 896: 889: 887: 884: 877: 875: 872: 865: 863: 860: 853: 851: 848: 841: 839: 836: 829: 825: 822: 771: 770: 761: 760: 752: 751: 750: 749: 748: 690: 687: 627:Hoysala Empire 619:Hoysala Empire 562:Main article: 559: 556: 540:Hoysala Empire 504: 501: 408:Andhra Pradesh 390: 387: 374: 371: 256: 255: 245: 236: 235: 229: 228: 227: 226: 216: 215: 206: 205: 199: 198: 197: 196: 195: 192: 191: 159: 153: 152: 145: 141: 140: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 121: 115: 114: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 89: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 55: 49: 48: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9845: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9746: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9728: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9706:Denominations 9704: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9690: 9680: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9670: 9667: 9661: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9605:Udupi Krishna 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9564: 9558: 9557:Somanathapura 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9533: 9530: 9528:(900-1299 CE) 9524: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9459:Lakshana Devi 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9425: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9373:Bhumara Shiva 9371: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9350: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9254: 9248: 9243: 9229: 9228:Vasu Doorjamb 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9174: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9106: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9093: 9089: 9082: 9077: 9075: 9070: 9068: 9063: 9062: 9059: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8967: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8923:Uttar Pradesh 8921: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8874: 8868: 8867:Warangal fort 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8816:Mahabalipuram 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8776: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8750: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8687:Kanheri Caves 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8464:Morera Thatte 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8444:Kanaganahalli 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8390: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8363:Kalhua Pahari 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8294: 8292: 8288: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8267: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8205:Harsh Ka Tila 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8161: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8085: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8073:Arvalem Caves 8071: 8070: 8068: 8064: 8058: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 8001:Kesaria Stupa 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7991:Giriyak Stupa 7989: 7987: 7986:Barabar Caves 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7905: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7869:Ramatheertham 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7784:Bojjannakonda 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7734: 7732: 7727: 7725: 7720: 7719: 7716: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7688:Somanathapura 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7623:Lakshmeshwara 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7443: 7438: 7436: 7431: 7429: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7410: 7404: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7392:Western Ghats 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7282:Western Ghats 7280: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7168: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7009: 7004: 7002: 6997: 6995: 6990: 6989: 6986: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6872:Hindu temples 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6677:Allama Prabhu 6675: 6673: 6672:Akka Mahadevi 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6647:Adikavi Pampa 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6602: 6598: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6563: 6560: 6556: 6553: 6549: 6546: 6545:Western Ganga 6542: 6539: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6478:Udupi cuisine 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6468:Mysore Dasara 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6433:Gaarudi Gombe 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6408:Bharatanatyam 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6390:Western Ghats 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6370:Highest point 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6053:Srirangapatna 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6038:Pulakeshin II 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5923:Alupa dynasty 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5806:Carnatic carp 5803: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5773:Indian roller 5770: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5732:State symbols 5729: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5689: 5687: 5682: 5680: 5675: 5674: 5671: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5652:, Penn Museum 5651: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5626: 5624: 5623:81-7525-766-0 5620: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5557:. New Delhi: 5556: 5555: 5549: 5545: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5528: 5526: 5525:81-206-0159-9 5522: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5505: 5500: 5499: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5477: 5476: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5455: 5454: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5307: 5303: 5302: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5236: 5230: 5226: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5190: 5182: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5160: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5133: 5125: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5089: 5085: 5084: 5076: 5068: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5049: 5043:, p. 97. 5042: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5024: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5005: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4953: 4947:, p. 83. 4946: 4941: 4925: 4921: 4920:"Jain: Hampi" 4915: 4909:, p. 96. 4908: 4903: 4896: 4891: 4885:, p. 73. 4884: 4879: 4872: 4867: 4861:, p. 95. 4860: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4806: 4801: 4799: 4792:, p. 49. 4791: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4747: 4742: 4735: 4730: 4723: 4718: 4712:, p. 30. 4711: 4706: 4700:, p. 74. 4699: 4694: 4687: 4681: 4675:, p. 90. 4674: 4669: 4662: 4656: 4650:, p. 65. 4649: 4644: 4642: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4606: 4598: 4594: 4591:(1): 95–117. 4590: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4538:, p. 91. 4537: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4519: 4515: 4508: 4500: 4494: 4490: 4483: 4476: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4457: 4449: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4430: 4428: 4420: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4393: 4386: 4381: 4374: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4328: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4301: 4299: 4290: 4289: 4281: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4254: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4228: 4223: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4199: 4197: 4189: 4184: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4121: 4117: 4110: 4108: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4031: 4019: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3962: 3955: 3948: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3925: 3920: 3912: 3911: 3903: 3895: 3894: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3845: 3838: 3833: 3831: 3823: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3775: 3769: 3762: 3757: 3750: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3733: 3728: 3722:, p. 64. 3721: 3716: 3710:, p. 63. 3709: 3704: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3677: 3675: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3610: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3560: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3541: 3536: 3534: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3509: 3501: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3482: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3460: 3455: 3448: 3443: 3436: 3431: 3429: 3421: 3416: 3414: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3331: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3312: 3310: 3302: 3297: 3290: 3285: 3269: 3263: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3207:, p. 51. 3206: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3155:, p. 23. 3154: 3149: 3147: 3139: 3134: 3125: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3106: 3098: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3079: 3071: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3019: 3011: 3010: 3002: 3000: 2991: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2972: 2964: 2962:9788121502245 2958: 2954: 2953: 2945: 2937: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2918: 2910: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2891: 2883: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2864: 2862: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2834: 2826: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2807: 2799: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2780: 2778: 2769: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2750: 2742: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2723: 2715: 2714: 2706: 2704: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2664: 2656: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2622: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2588: 2582: 2579:. p. 8. 2578: 2574: 2567: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2473: 2466: 2460: 2452: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2433: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2373: 2363: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2344: 2342: 2333: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2314: 2312: 2303: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2284: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2261: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2242: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2209: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2184: 2180: 2167: 2162: 2153: 2146: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2100: 2091: 2087: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2028: 2023: 2020: 2009: 2002: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1936: 1924: 1910: 1898: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1857: 1849: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1774:Purandaradasa 1771: 1767: 1758: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1723: 1721: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1663:Bhojana shala 1654: 1650: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1632: 1623: 1618: 1611: 1607: 1598: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1587:stick-dancers 1578: 1574: 1565: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1533: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1472: 1463: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1422: 1413: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1360: 1350: 1346: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1306:sabha mandapa 1302: 1301:Garuda shrine 1299:temple has a 1298: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1266: 1257: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1229: 1216: 1207: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1159: 1150: 1141: 1138: 1129: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1086: 1084: 1078: 1076: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1034: 1029: 1022: 1017: 1010: 1005: 1001: 997: 990: 985: 978: 973: 966: 961: 954: 949: 948: 937: 934: 930: 926: 920: 916: 905: 900: 893: 888: 881: 876: 869: 864: 857: 852: 845: 840: 833: 828: 827: 821: 819: 814: 812: 808: 807:Robert Sewell 804: 800: 799:Alexander Rea 796: 791: 788: 785: 781: 765: 756: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 714: 710: 707: 704: 695: 686: 684: 680: 676: 673:1565, at the 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 642: 638: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 607: 605: 601: 600: 594: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 565: 555: 553: 549: 548:Hampeya-Odeya 545: 541: 537: 532: 530: 526: 522: 521:Maurya Empire 518: 514: 510: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 469: 467: 463: 462:Sthala Purana 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 427:Pampa-kshetra 424: 419: 417: 413: 409: 405: 395: 386: 384: 380: 370: 368: 367:Hindu kingdom 363: 359: 354: 352: 348: 344: 339: 334: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 315: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 283: 279: 274: 266: 262: 246:Hampi (India) 233: 203: 193: 188: 160: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 101: 98: 94: 90: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 63: 59: 56: 54: 50: 46: 41: 38: 32: 26: 22: 9678: 9552:Madan Kamdev 9479:Ellora Caves 9413:Badami Caves 9408:Aihole Group 9323:Gadhwa Stone 9316:Inscriptions 9252:(400-899 CE) 9176:Inscriptions 9021:Karnasubarna 8811:Keelathooval 8801:Adichanallur 8759:Qila Mubarak 8672:Ellora Caves 8652:Ajanta Caves 8596:Gwalior Fort 8570:Ummichipoyil 8540:Kandanissery 8525:Chermanangad 8474:Sanganakallu 8428: 8230:Lohari Ragho 8180:Asigarh Fort 8170:Agroha Mound 8134:Sarkhej Roza 8050:Chhattisgarh 8041:Vikramashila 7924:Bhismaknagar 7653:Murudeshwara 7562: 7533:Dharmasthala 7345:Chittor Fort 7330:Ellora Caves 7300:Ajanta Caves 7233: 7075:Santiniketan 6877:Jain temples 6772:D. R. Bendre 6707:Kumara Vyasa 6566:Vijayanagara 6375:Bayalu Seeme 6260:Vijayanagara 6073:Vijayanagara 6028:Mayurasharma 5987: 5963:Deva Raya II 5928:Amoghavarsha 5830:Architecture 5721: 5638:Hampi Museum 5615: 5597: 5576: 5553: 5532: 5516: 5497: 5474: 5452: 5431: 5410: 5383: 5359: 5339: 5320: 5300: 5280: 5260: 5251: 5245:Bibliography 5223: 5216: 5196: 5189: 5169: 5159: 5139: 5132: 5112: 5082: 5075: 5055: 5048: 5011: 5004: 4986: 4979: 4965:(1): 41–46. 4962: 4958: 4952: 4940: 4928:. Retrieved 4924:the original 4914: 4902: 4890: 4878: 4866: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4770: 4741: 4729: 4717: 4705: 4693: 4685: 4680: 4668: 4655: 4612: 4605: 4588: 4584: 4575: 4561:(1): 19–41. 4558: 4554: 4517: 4507: 4488: 4482: 4456: 4436: 4399: 4392: 4380: 4334: 4327: 4307: 4287: 4280: 4260: 4253: 4222: 4210: 4183: 4119: 4115: 4087: 4081: 4048: 4044: 4038: 3983: 3977: 3965:. 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Retrieved 2202: 2193: 2183: 2161: 2152: 2118: 2110: 2104: 2099: 2090: 2019:India portal 1998:Vijayanagara 1993: 1987: 1976: 1971: 1968:Domingo Paes 1965: 1957:Abdul Razzaq 1946: 1863: 1854: 1833:Parshvanatha 1830: 1812: 1794: 1788: 1763: 1744: 1739: 1733:tula-purush- 1732: 1729: 1717: 1684: 1675:utada kaluve 1674: 1671:bhojan shala 1670: 1666: 1662: 1660: 1651: 1647: 1635: 1627: 1622:Indo-Islamic 1595: 1583: 1571: 1562: 1545:dipa stambha 1544: 1541:Chakratirtha 1538: 1522: 1498: 1496: 1437: 1434: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1376: 1366: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1343: 1322: 1312: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1294: 1282: 1271: 1251: 1245:; people in 1235: 1228: 1183: 1171: 1134: 1105: 1100: 1089: 1087: 1082: 1079: 1075:dipa-stambha 1074: 1071: 1062: 1047: 921: 917: 913: 815: 810: 795:Abdul Razzaq 792: 789: 779: 777: 722:and his son 700: 697:Hampi layout 671: 647: 630: 608: 597: 590: 576:in southern 574:Dvarasamudra 567: 552:Burton Stein 547: 533: 506: 470: 451: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421:The synonym 420: 401: 385:name Hampe. 376: 355: 335: 331:Adi Shankara 329:, an active 312: 289:Hampi (City) 277: 264: 260: 259: 139:19,453.62 ha 58:Hampi (town) 25: 21:Hampi (town) 9711:Iconography 9393:Tigawa Devi 9383:Eran Vishnu 9378:Dashavatara 9328:Gopika Cave 9223:Yavanarajya 9016:Jagjivanpur 8969:West Bengal 8902:Uttarakhand 8806:Kalugumalai 8743:Sisupalgarh 8707:Nala Sopara 8682:Karla Caves 8662:Bhaja Caves 8657:Bedse Caves 8645:Maharashtra 8550:Kunnamkulam 8545:Kattakambal 8317:Parihaspura 8276:Kangra Fort 8235:Mangar Bani 8129:Rani ki vav 8109:Dholka City 8006:Kukkutarama 7884:Thotlakonda 7829:Jaggaiahpet 7824:Gurramkonda 7789:Dharanikota 7774:Bhattiprolu 7543:Galaganatha 7523:Chitradurga 7463:Amruthapura 7360:Kumbhalgarh 7350:Gagron Fort 6905:Pampa Award 6742:Gopala Dasa 6737:Vijaya Dasa 6732:Kanaka Dasa 6697:Rudrabhatta 6642:Gunavarma I 6629:Noted poets 6538:Rashtrakuta 6288:Chikmagalur 6164:Ramanagara 6139:Chitradurga 6058:Tipu Sultan 5363:. 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Jaico. 4930:11 August 4632:879239921 4028:ignored ( 4018:cite book 3638:143695706 3600:191354648 3404:143926888 3274:11 August 3187:162319660 2692:1 October 2194:The Hindu 2061:Suratrana 1992:, in his 1966:In 1520, 1882:Reception 1770:Annapurna 1766:Saraswati 1190:Narasimha 925:Dravidian 740:Hyder Ali 720:Hyder Ali 703:Hyderabad 578:Karnataka 485:Lakshmana 398:Hosapete. 373:Etymology 301:Karnataka 123:1999–2006 96:Reference 66:Karnataka 9752:Category 9615:Tirupati 9547:Halebidu 9526:Advanced 9472:Papanasi 9292:Besnagar 9266:Nataraja 9250:Maturity 9213:Naneghat 8996:Deulpota 8945:Kulpahar 8764:Rupnagar 8697:Lenyadri 8667:Daimabad 8454:Lakkundi 8424:Halebidu 8383:Satpahar 8368:Rajmahal 8348:Guhiapal 8338:Belwadag 8260:Thanesar 8240:Mitathal 8195:Bhirrana 8190:Banawali 8154:Vadnagar 8099:Desalpur 8078:Chandore 8036:Vaishali 7950:Joysagar 7934:Ita Fort 7879:Tadpatri 7844:Lepakshi 7633:Mahakuta 7618:Lakkundi 7558:Halebidu 7498:Belavadi 7493:Basaralu 7488:Banavasi 6757:Sarvajna 6687:Harihara 6580:Haridasa 6531:Medieval 6380:Malenadu 6365:Villages 6192:Belagavi 6187:Bagalkot 6159:Tumakuru 6048:Sringeri 5973:Halebidu 5938:Banavasi 5900:Wildlife 5810:Insect: 5659:Archived 5393:80905179 5381:(2001). 5323:. 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