764:
904:"marginally more gifted", however considering North Korean literature of the period "boring and highly politicized propaganda" across the board. Lankov describes Han "unscrupulous" as an opportunist and careerist. The literary style and ideologies of Han and some of his adversaries are very similar, and Han's prevailing is due to factional strife. Some aspects of the struggles are baseless, too, as some works by Han include rather sympathetic depictions of Japanese soldiers, while it was many of his rivals who were purged because of their "pro-Japanese" tendencies. Thus, Lankov concludes, the struggle within the literary establishment can be attributed to conflicting personal ambitions more than anything else.
744:, were purged, Han attacked their associates in the literary circles from 1953 onwards. Later, between 1955 and 1957, Han attacked the Soviet Koreans faction, accusing them of "factional, splitting activity" and "not allow the party and the people to demonstrate their good feeling and love toward their leader". It is possible that Han influenced Kim Il Sung to wage his campaign against the Soviet Koreans' faction specifically on the literary front, culminating in Kim's famous "
1351:
878:, were purged also. The regime faced a problem in Han's work being politically useful in nature, but his name tarnished. His name began to be disconnected from his work, which was still widely disseminated. For the future, North Korean publishing authorities would employ a policy of publishing collective works of creative teams and withhold names of individual authors, a practice that was observed particularly in the 1970s and started to wane only in the 1980s.
666:) was founded in 1945 immediately after the liberation by Kim and others. Han, however, disagreed with this approach, accusing it of forgetting class questions. Since the 1930s, Han had already had bad personal relations with these writers originally hailing from the south of Korea. The struggle for dominance in the North Korean literary bureaucracy made them worse. In retaliation Han, together with other writers including Yi Kiyŏng, founded the
1365:
46:
763:
995:
All in all, there were a lot of poor people living around here. The missionaries had purchased the area for twenty wŏn upon arriving in Korea twenty years ago. Since then they had turned it into a scenic summer retreat, on which
Reverend Yi and one or two newly-rich families had recently erected neat
924:
at all, but "his own man, not a socialist realist". Yearn Hong Choi disagrees, and points to Han's one-time praise of the
Soviets and Kim Il Sung as well as his employment of propaganda in praise of a "utopian" North Korea as proof of him being a socialist realist. According to Yearn, Myers simply
721:
of Kim. Indeed, the cult's beginnings can be traced as far back as 1946 when Han coined the appellation "our Sun" to describe Kim. Han was also the first to employ the phrase "Sun of the Nation" in referring to Kim. Considered protégé of Kim, Han survived the purge of the
Domestic faction. The
760:. The speech credits Han for uncovering "serious ideological errors on the literary front" and can be considered an expression of public support for Han. In editions after Han's purge in 1962, his name is omitted or replaced with the expression "prominent proletarian writers".
487:. Han, motivated by personal grievances against his rival writers, sometimes acted as the force behind the purges within the cultural establishment as well. Han himself was purged in 1962. In his works, Han offered some of the earliest known contributions to the
912:. While in Han's works Kim Il Sung embodies traditional Korean virtues of innocence and naivety having "mastered Marxism–Leninism with his heart, not his brain", in Cho's he exemplifies particular traits of the rather early cult of personality built upon Soviet
830:
in May 1956 and retained his post as the chairman of the
Writers' Union. During his ministerial career, Han initiated a campaign to diminish the importance of Russian language teaching in North Korean colleges in the spring of 1956. He also started to enlist
57:
646:
3162:
680:). For Han's purposes his fellow writer Yi Kiyŏng, though respected, was not particularly interested in political matters and thus posed no threat to Han's own aspirations. The two organizations became merged to form
751:
1061:
than socialist realism. It had, however, featured in the works of early Soviet writers as whose work Han knew, as well as in textual genres not bound by the official socialist realist dogma, such as journalism.
3177:
3172:
3167:
1027:
tells the story of a Korean boy murdered by
American missionaries with an injection. In North Korea, the story is taken to be based on fact, and B. R. Myers assesses that it is possible that it gave impetus to
907:
Yearn Hong Choi assess that "Han is not a typical North Korean writer" but an extremely political one in his attempt at pleasing Kim Il Sung. B. R. Myers contrasts Han's legacy with that of North Korean poet
843:
In 1962, Han was accused of "parochialism" and "bourgeois decadence" by the NKFLA. He was consequentially expelled from the party and stripped of his offices. His purge coincided with the election of the
801:. This position made him the most powerful cultural administrator of the country and he effectively ran the whole system of publishing literature and providing for the writers. Han also wrote for the
584:
in 1927. The organization had been founded in 1925 during his emigration in
Manchuria, and after the liberation it would have been the only left-leaning Korean literary organization. For this reason,
2818:
667:
570:
855:. Han was likely pardoned later, in 1969, when his name reappeared as a member of the party Central Committee. Han was never reassigned to any other post he had held. He was absent from the
827:
469:
1032:
by North Korea. Called "the country's most enduring work of fiction", it is still influential in North Korea where the word "jackals" has become a synonym for "Americans", and papers like
575:
109:
867:
in
Pyongyang, however, gives the date of his death as 6 April 1976. Ultimately, the secrecy practiced by North Korea precludes any certain knowledge about "when (or even if) Han died".
863:
to conclude that it is likely "though by no means certain, that Han died sometime between late 1969 and late 1970", with some preference for the year 1970. Han's gravestone at the
3089:
97:
2907:
1049:, which is considered the first socialist realist novel, and a story that Han was familiar with. Myers traces the story's foundation back to anti-Christian stories in rural
886:
Though Han Sorya's name has been since been all but forgotten in official North Korean accounts, his influence on contemporary North Korean literature has been significant.
811:
681:
2365:
1083:
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996:
brick houses. But far from benefiting from this, those who had always lived there in their rock huts just became more inextricably enmired in poverty as time went on.
798:
465:
934:
not only features him but allows Han to be a hero of the film. This was the first time that an anti-establishment figure has been the hero on North Korean screen. In
599:
writer. He also joined pro-Japanese writers' organizations. After the war, he reinvented his image abruptly. Besides the
Japanese, he also distanced himself from the
1605:
1120:
was adapted on stage and performed in
Pyongyang in 2015. The novel remains one of the very few North Korean works of fiction that have been translated into English.
3187:
3182:
3192:
2881:
Korean
Classics Library: Historical Materials: Imperatives of Culture: Selected Essays on Korean History, Literature, and Society from the Japanese Colonial Era
920:
ultimately established itself as the standard of propaganda over Cho's. According to Myers, Han is not a writer of fiction in the official literary doctrine of
3197:
569:
Before the division and independence of Korea from Japan, Han was an insignificant author. His subsequent fame would only be due to his association with the
2741:
2452:
635:
1029:
819:
484:
2830:
784:
1070:
645:, sought to gather a wide range of both moderate and progressive writers to write "democratic national literature". A writers' association called the
3084:
939:
2180:
972:
894:
142:
979:, aimed at Han's close relationship with Kim Il Sung: "Han Sŏl-ya — he should be killed. He deserves it even only for just one book —
856:
778:
84:
2495:
608:
154:
64:
875:
3137:
491:. His influence is felt in North Korea even today, though his name has been forgotten from official histories. Han's best-known work, the
651:
730:
845:
794:
777:
During his career, Han held multiple posts in the literature administration as well as politics in general. Since 1946, Han edited
2380:
476:
553:. During his career, Han earned the official title of "the greatest writer of modern Korean literature", which he shared with
2889:
2868:
2849:
2807:
2786:
2730:
2687:
2348:
2321:
2264:
2128:
1903:
1681:
1274:
1670:
Howard, Keith (September 2010). "Music across the DMZ". In O'Connell, John Morgan; Castelo-Branco, Salwa El-Shawan (eds.).
460:; 3 August 1900 – 6 April 1976) was a Korean writer, literary administrator and politician who spent much of his career in
1617:
2978:
889:
Literately, Han's style of writing has been described as experimental in his employment of various narrative structures.
740:, were purged because of their connections with South Korean communists. When the Domestic faction, including its leader
701:) in late 1945. Disapproving of this, Han moved to the north of the country, and was one of the first writers to do so.
3152:
488:
686:
709:
Soon after starting his career in North Korea, Han had become one of the earliest and most enthusiastic admirers of
1102:
815:
604:
480:
789:(Korean for 'The Cultural Front') and was the chairman of the organization since January 1948. During the
3157:
3142:
3013:
714:
2564:
464:. Regarded as one of the most important fiction writers in North Korean history, Han also served as head of the
3075:
2878:
Ryu, Youngju (June 2013). "10. Kim Namch'ŏn". In Hanscom, Christopher P.; Lew, Walter K.; Ryu, Youngju (eds.).
2756:
864:
408:
335:
220:
3147:
3132:
1094:
848:
61:
713:, with whom he had met in February 1946. Han acted in his writing as a "curator of the personality cult"
2187:
1703:
3107:
2879:
1893:
1671:
823:
618:
explicitly include him in the faction. From this position, he played an important role in opposing the
557:, and was called a "living classic". Han's career was at its height from 1955 to 1957. Han, along with
266:
3051:
3032:
2338:
917:
514:
591:
During the early 1930s, Han did briefly associate himself with leftist ideas, but later, during the
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1045:
102:
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Writing under wartime conditions: North and South Korean writers during the Korean war (1950–1953)
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1388:
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613:
550:
2256:
964:
619:
2677:
2307:
2118:
1980:
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2453:"Collapsist Narratives and State Strength: Reading The Interview through Han Sorya's Jackals"
956:
871:
692:
671:
657:
422:
349:
2940:
Rituals of Decolonization: The Role of Inner-Migrant Intellectuals in North Korea, 1948–1967
797:(KFLA) and a member in its Literature Organization. Since 1953, Han was the chairman of the
3127:
3122:
2643:
913:
517:. His father was a county magistrate. He graduated from middle school in 1919 and attended
27:
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would promote writers like Han who had belonged to it and exaggerated their achievements.
8:
1089:
1058:
631:
534:
2210:
2569:
2313:
2249:
1356:
1110:
1106:
1057:. The metaphor of the villain as a beast, too, is more readily associated with wartime
930:
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832:
640:
278:
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2944:
2916:
2885:
2864:
2845:
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2124:
1899:
1677:
1383:
1317:
1270:
968:
921:
518:
270:
248:
2742:"Savage Nature and Noble Spirit in Han Sŏrya's Wolves: A North Korean Morality Tale"
1895:
Would Trotsky Wear a Bluetooth?: Technological Utopianism under Socialism, 1917–1989
2938:
1981:"On eliminating dogmatism and formalism and establishing Juche in ideological work"
1370:
852:
600:
2251:
The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea
983:. He is a very bad and harmful man; he is Kim Il Sung's sycophant, a bootlicker".
928:
An exception to Han's forgotten legacy in North Korea exists. The multi-part film
630:
After the liberation of Korea, writers were faced with the task of establishing a
3061:
3046:
3027:
2797:
2776:
2720:
449:
2819:"The Watershed that Wasn't: Re-evaluating Kim Il Sung's 'Juche Speech' of 1955"
2799:
Han Sŏrya and North Korean Literature: The Failure of Socialist Realism in DPRK
1267:
Han Sŏrya and North Korean Literature: The Failure of Socialist Realism in DPRK
1050:
1020:
723:
3098:
2995:
1498:[The Characteristics of the Novel of Conversion in Korea and Japan].
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has a different idea of what socialist realism is from North Korean writers.
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190:
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in the south in 1927. In 1944, he returned to his native Hamhung. After the
1098:
963:) was the first long North Korean work to deal with Kim Il Sung during the
741:
718:
893:
considers Han mediocre as a writer and assess his rivals Kim Namch'ŏn and
554:
45:
3163:
Members of the 1st Central Committee of the Workers' Party of North Korea
2366:"On Reading North Korean Short Stories on the Cusp of the New Millennium"
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935:
909:
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592:
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558:
461:
210:
130:
88:
22:
1116:. One article compared Kerry with a jackal no fewer than eleven times.
1113:
790:
475:
During his career, Han survived a number of purges that were caused by
243:
2841:
The Cleanest Race: How North Koreans See Themselves and Why It Matters
2340:
South Korea's Minjung Movement: The Culture and Politics of Dissidence
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325:
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Han was one of the most prominent fiction writers in the history of
3178:
Members of the 4th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
3173:
Members of the 3rd Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
3168:
Members of the 2nd Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
1269:. Ithaca: East Asia Program, Cornell University. pp. 157–188.
596:
510:
186:
258:
novelist, short story writer, literary administrator, politician
3065:
2337:
Wells, Kenneth M. (1995). University of Hawaii at Manoa (ed.).
368:
295:
2986:. Washington D.C., U.S.: Joint Publications Research Service.
2011:
1420:
818:. He maintained the post in the party and its successor, the
746:
581:
530:
384:
311:
2778:
Crisis in North Korea: The Failure of De-Stalinization, 1956
1793:
1704:"Benoit Symposium: Writers in the DPRK: The Invisible Stars"
767:
Han Sorya meeting Americans in 1952. Han's best-known work,
2884:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 181–196.
2589:
2587:
2475:
2473:
2288:
1898:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 153.
1839:
1837:
1835:
2943:(Doctoral thesis). University of California Los Angeles.
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427:
354:
1861:
1849:
1781:
753:
On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing
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2519:
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2186:(in Korean). Prometheus. 13 August 2006. Archived from
1987:. Transcription: Victor Barraza, HTML Markup: Salil Sen
1948:
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1676:. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. p. 82.
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Headquarters for the Construction of Korean Literature
2343:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 195.
1750:
1748:
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2544:
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2410:
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2137:
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2083:
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1999:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1820:
1760:
1721:
1414:
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851:. The following year, he was exiled to a village in
726:
criticized Han for his close ties with Kim Il Sung.
696:
675:
661:
3100:"American Wolf" dance performance loosely based on
2529:
2273:
2071:
2047:
2023:
1805:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1624:
1559:
1518:
1460:
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allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War
2599:
2248:
2228:
2161:
1745:
1733:
1547:
1265:— (1994) . "Jackals". In Brian Myers (ed.).
2976:
2802:. Ithaca: East Asia Program, Cornell University.
2035:
3114:
1690:
1448:
485:Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
1495:한일 전향소설의 문학사적 성격-한설야(韓雪野)와 나카노 시게하루(中野重治)를 중심으로
916:and bloc conformity. The style of Han based on
773:, and his legacy is known for anti-Americanism.
1036:regularly invoke the language of the novella.
779:North Korean Federation of Literature and Arts
2955:
2644:"Writers from the Other Asia: The two Koreas"
1885:
3198:Recipients of the Order of the National Flag
3188:Members of the 2nd Supreme People's Assembly
3183:Members of the 1st Supreme People's Assembly
2490:
2488:
2255:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p.
2112:
2110:
1701:
1408:
870:In Han's wake, other cultural figures, like
782:
564:
390:
374:
317:
301:
2682:. Cambridge University Press. p. 398.
1978:
1702:Gabroussenko, Tatiana (27 September 2013).
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
857:5th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea
3193:Burials at the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery
2980:Han Sol-ya and His Literature: North Korea
2739:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2629:
2593:
2479:
2246:
2173:
1431:is used, whereas North Korean sources use
1423:'. In English, the work is often known as
1015:, is a 1951 novella by Han, noted for its
561:, shaped North Korea's cultural policies.
501:, however, has been invoked in the 2000s.
44:
2718:
2635:
2556:
2485:
2300:
2107:
1972:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1843:
1799:
1787:
1332:
1323:
1306:
1297:
1283:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1233:
1224:
1211:
1198:
1184:
1170:
1157:
1143:
1129:
77:2 October 1958 – 22 October 1963
2208:
1590:
1427:following Myers' translation. Sometimes
795:Korean Federation of Literature and Arts
762:
122:11 May 1956 – 29 September 1958
2719:Armstrong, Charles K. (15 April 2013).
2662:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2363:
2240:
2123:. London: Reaktion Books. p. 270.
1097:designated North Korea as part of the "
3115:
2915:(Doctoral thesis). Leiden University.
2774:
2722:The North Korean Revolution, 1945–1950
2702:
2641:
2498:. KCNA. 31 August 2015. Archived from
2450:
2416:
2404:
2120:Everlasting Flower: A History of Korea
2101:
2089:
2065:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1775:
1727:
1669:
1657:
677:Chosŏn P'ŭrollet'aria Munhak Tongmaeng
668:Korean Proletarian Literature Alliance
2858:
2837:
2816:
2795:
2650:. The Asia-Pacific Journal. p. 4
2617:
2563:Myers, Brian Reynolds (19 May 2003).
2562:
2550:
2538:
2523:
2429:
2336:
2294:
2282:
2234:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2116:
2077:
2053:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1966:
1826:
1814:
1584:
1553:
1541:
1479:
833:writers with a proletarian background
521:in Tokyo from 1921 to 1924, studying
211:Democratic People's Republic of Korea
2435:
1603:
810:In 1946, Han became a member of the
793:, he was the chairman of the united
571:Korean Artist Proletarian Federation
3138:Government ministers of North Korea
2936:
2905:
2877:
2675:
2605:
2041:
1754:
1739:
1606:"World literature in review: Korea"
1491:
1454:
1093:in August 2003, one year after the
1039:The emotional story is inspired by
940:Ministry of Culture and Information
13:
2977:Se-p'yong Yun (30 November 1960).
2929:
2906:Wit, Jerôme de (15 January 2015).
2451:Fields, David (18 February 2015).
1407:The Korean name of the novella is
1109:employed similar rhetoric against
489:cult of personality of Kim Il-sung
14:
3209:
3007:
2962:Studies of Writers Who Went North
2642:Feffer, John (6 September 2006).
2496:"Drama 'Wolf' Re-created in DPRK"
2364:Epstein, Stephen (January 2002).
2211:"Grave of Han Sol Ya (Han Sŏrya)"
938:, Han's works were banned by the
717:and was, in effect, the official
704:
509:Han was born on 3 August 1900 in
110:Minister of Education and Culture
1363:
1349:
1123:
1103:Sony Pictures Entertainment hack
2964:]. Seoul: Munhak sasangsa.
2565:"The Obsessions of Kim Jong Il"
2422:
2357:
2330:
2202:
2183:북한의 열사릉, 그 상징과 폭력: 혁명열사릉과 애국열사릉
1401:
3076:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
2781:. University of Hawaii Press.
2711:
2679:A History of Korean Literature
1663:
1485:
729:Writers opposing Han, such as
391:
375:
318:
302:
1:
2740:David-West, Alzo (May 2012).
1442:
975:expressed harsh criticism of
826:, until 1969. Han became the
816:Workers' Party of North Korea
625:
504:
481:Workers' Party of North Korea
3090:North Korean Human Geography
3052:Resources in other libraries
3033:Resources in other libraries
2901:– via ProQuest ebrary.
2844:. New York: Melville House.
2725:. Cornell University Press.
2353:– via ProQuest ebrary.
2209:Moravius (9 February 2008).
1908:– via ProQuest ebrary.
1686:– via ProQuest ebrary.
607:, though some scholars like
483:, to become a member of the
7:
2956:Kwŏn Yŏgngmin, ed. (1989).
1892:Josephson, Paul R. (2009).
1415:
1342:
865:Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery
697:
676:
662:
580:(KAPF), which he joined in
428:
414:
355:
341:
221:Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery
10:
3214:
1419:), which literally means '
986:
859:in November 1970, leading
663:Chosŏn Munhak Kŏnsŏl Ponbu
267:Order of the National Flag
20:
3153:Socialist realism writers
3047:Resources in your library
3028:Resources in your library
2755:(2): 1–18. Archived from
1985:Marxists Internet Archive
1604:Choi, Yearn Hong (1995).
1409:
918:Korean ethnic nationalism
881:
849:Supreme People's Assembly
698:Chosŏn munhakka tongmaeng
565:In Japanese-occupied Asia
544:
453:
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421:
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62:Supreme People's Assembly
56:
52:
43:
36:
2861:North Korea's Juche Myth
2749:Transnational Literature
2182:
2020:, pp. 231–232, 236.
1499:
1494:
1394:
945:
838:
682:Korean Writers' Alliance
529:in 1925 but returned to
2937:Kim, Ellie Sue (2014).
2863:. Busan: Sthele Press.
2775:Lankov, Andrei (2007).
2379:(1): 37. Archived from
1389:North Korean literature
1195:Autobiographical novel.
824:Workers' Party of Korea
812:first Central Committee
622:during the late 1950s.
551:North Korean literature
3158:20th-century novelists
3143:North Korean novelists
2676:Lee, Peter H. (2003).
1610:World Literature Today
1492:황치복 (September 2002).
998:
965:Anti-Japanese struggle
783:
774:
620:Soviet Koreans faction
515:Korea, Empire of Japan
269:(second class, 1951),
3001:on 26 September 2015.
2833:on 26 September 2015.
2796:Myers, B. R. (1994).
2316:. 2002. p. 469.
2117:Pratt, Keith (2007).
1979:Kim Il-sung (2008) .
1043:'s sentimental novel
993:
828:minister of education
799:Korean Writers' Union
766:
470:Ministry of Education
466:Korean Writers' Union
79:Serving with
25:, the family name is
2309:North Korea Handbook
2297:, p. 28, 40n36.
409:Revised Romanization
336:Revised Romanization
3148:People from Hamhung
3133:Education ministers
2958:Wŏlbuk munin yŏn'gu
2829:(1). Archived from
2502:on 24 November 2019
2247:Namhee Lee (2007).
2190:on 24 December 2013
2181:"Prometheus.co.kr"
1802:, pp. 181–182.
1616:(1). Archived from
1095:Bush administration
1068:was republished in
1059:Japanese propaganda
757:in Ideological Work
632:national literature
535:liberation of Korea
16:North Korean author
3062:Grave of Han Sorya
2570:The New York Times
2432:, pp. 158–159
2314:Yonhap News Agency
1673:Music and Conflict
1357:North Korea portal
1335:Emulate the Leader
1258:Brother and Sister
1130:Han Sorya (1929).
1111:Secretary of State
1107:North Korean media
931:Nation and Destiny
775:
525:. He emigrated to
513:, in the north of
277:, 1958), title of
65:Standing Committee
3014:Library resources
2891:978-0-8248-3904-8
2870:978-1-5087-9993-1
2851:978-1-935554-97-4
2809:978-0-939657-84-1
2788:978-0-8248-3207-0
2732:978-0-8014-6879-7
2689:978-1-139-44086-8
2620:, pp. 95–96.
2350:978-0-8248-6439-2
2323:978-0-7656-3523-5
2266:978-0-8014-4566-8
2130:978-1-86189-450-2
1969:, pp. 94–95.
1957:, pp. 39–40.
1905:978-0-8018-9841-9
1683:978-0-252-09025-7
1384:Korean literature
1290:The Taedong River
1276:978-0-939657-84-1
1227:Mining Settlement
1136:Transition Period
1084:Ch'ŏngnyŏn munhak
922:socialist realism
820:Central Committee
750:speech" of 1955:
519:Nippon University
443:
442:
423:McCune–Reischauer
350:McCune–Reischauer
249:Nippon University
3205:
3104:
3095:
3081:
3002:
3000:
2994:. Archived from
2985:
2973:
2952:
2924:
2914:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2874:
2859:— (2015).
2855:
2838:— (2011).
2834:
2817:— (2006).
2813:
2792:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2762:on 17 March 2015
2761:
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2015:
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1405:
1373:
1371:Biography portal
1368:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1338:
1333:— (1960).
1329:
1324:— (1960).
1316:
1307:— (1958).
1303:
1298:— (1955).
1293:
1284:— (1955).
1280:
1261:
1256:— (1949).
1252:
1247:— (1949).
1243:
1234:— (1946).
1230:
1225:— (1946).
1221:
1212:— (1946).
1208:
1199:— (1950).
1194:
1185:— (1940).
1180:
1171:— (1936).
1167:
1158:— (1932).
1153:
1144:— (1929).
1139:
1079:
1006:
914:Marxism–Leninism
903:
853:Chagang Province
788:
739:
700:
690:
679:
665:
655:
644:
617:
601:Domestic faction
579:
537:, he settled in
477:factional strife
455:
431:
417:
402:
401:
378:
377:
358:
344:
329:
328:
305:
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181:
165:Personal details
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48:
34:
33:
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2932:
2930:Further reading
2927:
2912:
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2765:
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2759:
2744:
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2701:
2697:
2690:
2674:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2636:
2632:, pp. 3–4.
2630:David-West 2012
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2594:David-West 2012
2592:
2585:
2575:
2573:
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2549:
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2515:
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2503:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2480:David-West 2012
2478:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2449:
2436:
2428:Translation in
2427:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2386:on 4 March 2016
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2016:
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1691:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1625:
1620:on 7 July 2015.
1602:
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1249:Growing Village
1205:At a Guard Post
1150:Wrestling Match
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781:(NKFLA) organ
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279:People's Artist
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3008:External links
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2608:, p. 110.
2598:
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2543:
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2010:
2008:, p. 111.
1998:
1971:
1959:
1947:
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1911:
1904:
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1880:Armstrong 2013
1872:
1870:, p. 223.
1868:Armstrong 2013
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1858:, p. 171.
1856:Armstrong 2013
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1844:Armstrong 2013
1831:
1829:, p. 148.
1819:
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1800:Armstrong 2013
1792:
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1788:Armstrong 2013
1780:
1759:
1757:, p. 195.
1744:
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1732:
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1318:People's Prize
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1053:as well as in
1051:colonial Korea
1021:anti-Christian
992:
990:
985:
969:Yan'an faction
947:
944:
883:
880:
840:
837:
807:in the 1950s.
785:Munhwa chonsŏn
724:August faction
715:of Kim Il-sung
706:
705:In North Korea
703:
627:
624:
605:Workers' Party
595:, he became a
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2716:
2705:, p. 33.
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2595:
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2572:
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2559:
2552:
2547:
2541:, p. 40.
2540:
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2454:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2425:
2419:, p. 83.
2418:
2413:
2407:, p. 79.
2406:
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2291:
2285:, p. 36.
2284:
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2145:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2104:, p. 59.
2103:
2098:
2092:, p. 58.
2091:
2086:
2080:, p. 46.
2079:
2074:
2068:, p. 51.
2067:
2062:
2056:, p. 86.
2055:
2050:
2044:, p. 43.
2043:
2038:
2032:, p. 75.
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1945:, p. 44.
1944:
1939:
1933:, p. 37.
1932:
1927:
1921:, p. 97.
1920:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1882:, p. 44.
1881:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1846:, p. 43.
1845:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1823:
1817:, p. 37.
1816:
1811:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1778:, p. 35.
1777:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1730:, p. 70.
1729:
1724:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1666:
1660:, p. 34.
1659:
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1579:
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1569:
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1565:
1563:
1556:, p. 20.
1555:
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1474:
1472:
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1468:
1466:
1464:
1457:, p. 44.
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1228:
1223:
1219:
1218:Path of Blood
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:Sabang Kongsa
1156:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1124:List of works
1121:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:". After the
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1071:Chosŏn munhak
1067:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:fascist Japan
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1034:Rodong Sinmun
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:anti-American
1014:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1004:
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989:
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1989:. Retrieved
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230:North Korean
202:(1976-04-06)
200:6 April 1976
150:Succeeded by
117:
85:Ko Chun-taek
72:
26:
18:
3128:1970 deaths
3123:1900 births
3094:(in Korean)
3080:(in Korean)
2712:Works cited
2703:Lankov 2007
2417:Lankov 2007
2405:Lankov 2007
2102:Lankov 2007
2090:Lankov 2007
2066:Lankov 2007
1955:Lankov 2007
1943:Lankov 2007
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1919:Lankov 2007
1776:Lankov 2007
1728:Lankov 2007
1658:Lankov 2007
1379:Cho Ki-chon
1286:Taedonggang
1074: [
1041:Maxim Gorky
973:Yi P'il-gyu
936:South Korea
910:Cho Ki-chon
898: [
895:Yi T'ae-jun
861:B. R. Myers
734: [
711:Kim Il Sung
685: [
650: [
639: [
612: [
609:Wada Haruki
593:Pacific War
586:Kim Il Sung
574: [
559:Kim Tu-bong
479:within the
462:North Korea
458:Han Pyŏngdo
429:Han Pyŏngdo
342:Han Seol-ya
290:Korean name
235:Nationality
227:Citizenship
174:Han Pyŏngdo
155:Yi Il-gyong
138:Preceded by
131:Kim Il Sung
89:Paek Nam-un
23:Korean name
3117:Categories
2648:JapanFocus
2618:Myers 1994
2551:Myers 2011
2539:Myers 2011
2524:Myers 2011
2430:Myers 1994
2295:Myers 2015
2283:Myers 2011
2235:Myers 1994
2168:Myers 1994
2156:Myers 1994
2144:Myers 1994
2078:Myers 1994
2054:Myers 1994
2030:Myers 1994
2018:Myers 2015
2006:Myers 2006
1967:Myers 2006
1827:Myers 1994
1815:Myers 1994
1585:Myers 1994
1554:Myers 1994
1542:Myers 1994
1500:한국문학이론과 비평
1480:Myers 1994
1443:References
1416:Sŭngnyangi
1201:Ch'oso-esŏ
1114:John Kerry
791:Korean War
626:Emigration
505:Early life
369:Chosŏn'gŭl
363:Birth name
296:Chosŏn'gŭl
255:Occupation
244:Alma mater
180:1900-08-03
3085:Han Sorya
3071:Han Sorya
3019:Han Sorya
2992:227922016
2949:904783158
2921:900144488
2506:21 August
2220:5 October
1713:21 August
1506:: 342–368
1105:of 2014,
555:Yi Kiyŏng
539:Pyongyang
527:Manchuria
523:sociology
446:Han Sorya
356:Han Sŏrya
207:Pyongyang
118:In office
81:Yi Kuk-no
73:In office
38:Han Sorya
2970:22847934
2606:Wit 2015
2042:Wit 2015
1755:Ryu 2013
1740:Ryu 2013
1455:Wit 2015
1343:See also
1294:Trilogy.
1173:Hwanghon
1090:Chollima
876:Sim Yŏng
495:novella
98:Chairman
21:In this
3108:YouTube
3102:Jackals
3073:at the
2897:23 June
2654:23 June
2462:26 June
2457:Sino-NK
2390:24 June
1708:Sino-NK
1510:27 June
1425:Jackals
1320:(1958).
1313:History
1240:The Hat
1132:Kwadogi
1118:Jackals
1066:Jackals
1025:Jackals
1012:Jackals
1003:Jackals
988:Jackals
981:History
977:History
971:member
952:History
822:of the
814:of the
770:Jackals
731:Yim Hwa
603:of the
511:Hamhung
498:Jackals
456:, born
275:History
187:Hamhung
127:Premier
60:of the
3066:Flickr
3016:about
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2215:Flickr
2194:7 July
2127:
1991:2 July
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1680:
1429:Wolves
1421:dholes
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1309:Ryŏksa
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1138:].
1046:Mother
961:Ryŏksa
882:Legacy
545:Career
450:Korean
385:Hancha
312:Hancha
281:(1958)
263:Awards
238:Korean
2999:(PDF)
2984:(PDF)
2960:[
2913:(PDF)
2760:(PDF)
2745:(PDF)
2384:(PDF)
2369:(PDF)
1395:Notes
1311:[
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1216:[
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839:Purge
755:Juche
747:Juche
738:]
689:]
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582:Seoul
578:]
531:Seoul
2988:OCLC
2966:OCLC
2945:OCLC
2917:OCLC
2899:2015
2886:ISBN
2865:ISBN
2846:ISBN
2804:ISBN
2783:ISBN
2768:2015
2727:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2656:2015
2578:2015
2508:2016
2464:2015
2392:2015
2345:ISBN
2318:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2222:2016
2196:2015
2125:ISBN
1993:2015
1900:ISBN
1715:2016
1678:ISBN
1512:2015
1433:Wolf
1326:Love
1271:ISBN
1236:Moja
1187:T'ap
1177:Dusk
1087:and
1019:and
874:and
468:and
197:Died
170:Born
87:and
3106:on
3087:at
3064:on
2257:270
1410:승냥이
454:한설야
376:한병도
303:한설야
28:Han
3119::
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323:雪
320:韓
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