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quality surface intact, but provide many shallow depressions where the oil film can maintain its depth and surface tension. When scraping is used for this purpose it is more accurately called "frosting", "spotting" or "flaking" as opposed to fully scraping an accurate surface. Typically a scraped surface is scraped to highly accurate flatness and then "frosting" is applied over it for oil retention. It is claimed to stop the so-called "stick-slip" phenomenon where a machine member might move in a jerky fashion rather than moving smoothly, allowing vibration and chatter. Such frosting will definitely increase oil retention but will also drastically reduce bearing area and capacity. There is no possibility of achieving hydrodynamic bearing performance on normal sliding machine ways. The velocity is far too low. Most of the time the ways will run under boundary lubrication conditions while at the highest speeds it might achieve mixed lubrication. This makes oil additives important in ways lubrication. However, this view is somewhat contradicted by the external link "Scraping methods".
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and standard are touched together by gravity alone and the high spots on the work piece will be colored by the dye on the standard. These high spots are scraped off and the process repeated until there is an even spread of high spots which total about 60% or more of the surface area. Coarse scraping gives a resulting surface with 5-10 points per square inch while fine scraping yields 24-36 points per square inch. If desired the surface can then be “Frosted”. A surface prepared in this way is superior in overall accuracy to any prepared by machining or grinding operations, although lapping can equal or exceed it over small distances. Grinding and machining stresses the metal thermally and mechanically, scraping and lapping do not.
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surfaces, any oil film applied to the surface will lack the means to adhere to the surface, especially between two mating parts of exceptional finish. The oil film will be swept away leaving nothing but bare metal and the risk of seizure. Carefully scraping the surface will leave the original high
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It is done by using a precision surface such as a surface plate or a straight edge as a standard (a straight edge in this context is not a ruler; it is a miniature surface plate of extreme accuracy). The standard is coated with a very thin coating of a material such as
Prussian blue. The work piece
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Hand scraping leaves a distinctive pattern on the surface that is scraped. This can be suggestive of a high level of precision in the ways, however, sometimes a surface can be marked to appear hand scraped, but it is really just a superficial surface treatment designed to give the impression of a
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were traditionally made by scraping. Three raw (plates that have been `seasoned` or residual stress relieved and received suitable surface treatments, but unfinished) cast surface plates, a
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Scraping is the only method for producing an original set of flat surfaces from which one can transfer that accuracy through to other surfaces by means of grinding.
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End view showing the smoothness of the surface. For surfaces intended to be load bearing, "frosting" could then be applied on top of a surface like this if desired
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One advantage of scraping is the ability to take the tool to the workpiece, this can be useful when the workpiece weighs several tons and is difficult to move.
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Hand scraping can also be done by a power tool that has a reciprocating blade and is usually adjustable for stroke length and number of strokes per minute.
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do not achieve the long distance flatness scraping can, as they act on the entire surface rather than local high or low spots.
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is a single-edged tool used to scrape metal or other materials from a surface. This may be required where a surface needs to be
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324:(1st ed.), Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA: Moore Tool Company, Inc.,
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in machine tools. The Moore firm epitomizes the art and science of the
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Moore's monograph is a seminal classic of the principles of
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Appearance of a slideway frosted for improved oil retention
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284:"Metal Scraping Principles and Practice: A Working Guide"
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design and construction that yield the highest possible
183:(as pictured at the top of the image) and a quantity of
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Close up of the surface showing the crossed scrape marks
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191:) were all that was required in the way of tools.
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145:An example of a finely scraped 6x1 inch standard
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194:The scraper in the center of the image is a
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129:Three different engineering hand scrapers
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
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217:The scraper pictured at the bottom is a
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51:adding citations to reliable sources
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322:Foundations of Mechanical Accuracy
16:For the woodworking handtool, see
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206:. Bushes are typically made from
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38:needs additional citations for
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371:History of metal scraping
198:and is typically used to
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1571:Metalworking hand tools
1534:Measuring and alignment
840:Engineer's spirit level
1263:Oxy-fuel cutting torch
555:Oxy-fuel cutting torch
341:accuracy and precision
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807:Measuring instruments
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1499:Cutting and abrasive
196:three corner scraper
47:improve this article
1133:Ceramic tile cutter
365:Hand Scraping Class
930:Thread pitch gauge
895:Optical comparator
649:Combination square
446:Metalworking tools
345:tool and die maker
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870:Machinist square
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359:Scraping methods
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294:on 19 April 2018
290:. Archived from
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177:Surface plates
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62:"Hand scraper"
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103:December 2015
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64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
1412:
1353:Concrete saw
1348:Circular saw
1333:Abrasive saw
1293:Pocket knife
1278:Pizza cutter
1253:Nail clipper
1213:Honing steel
1198:Glass cutter
1163:Diamond tool
1148:Cutting tool
978:Steam hammer
925:Tape measure
915:Straightedge
900:Radius gauge
875:Marking blue
865:Height gauge
845:Feeler gauge
825:Center gauge
792:Rotary table
772:Lathe center
684:Piercing saw
669:Hand scraper
668:
540:Hand scraper
539:
408:Metalworking
337:machine tool
334:
321:
311:Bibliography
296:. Retrieved
292:the original
287:
277:
266:
253:
249:
241:
230:
226:
223:
218:
216:
195:
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181:flat scraper
180:
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167:hand scraper
166:
164:
109:
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90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
18:Card scraper
1549:Woodworking
1450:Switchblade
1313:Razor strop
1298:Putty knife
1238:Meat slicer
1183:Emery cloth
1168:Disc cutter
1143:Countersink
1118:Bolt cutter
1010:Fabrication
988:Trip hammer
983:Swage block
968:Hardy tools
885:Marking out
855:Gauge block
742:Angle plate
704:Tap and die
621:Screw press
616:Punch press
570:Tipped tool
525:Countersink
520:Counterbore
212:white metal
1470:Wire brush
1440:Steel wool
1358:Coping saw
1273:Pipecutter
1228:Lawn mower
1030:Metallurgy
890:Micrometer
815:Bore gauge
636:Hand tools
282:Peregrin.
271:Moore 1970
258:References
73:newspapers
1383:Miter saw
1323:Sandpaper
1243:Mezzaluna
1178:Drill bit
1173:Drawknife
1128:Burnisher
1025:Machining
1020:Jewellery
719:Workbench
654:Drift pin
477:Miter saw
298:17 August
1565:Category
1504:Forestry
1494:Cleaning
1455:Tool bit
1404:Scraper
1400:Scissors
1388:Wire saw
1378:Hole saw
1373:Hand saw
1343:Chainsaw
1091:abrasive
1035:Smithing
973:Pritchel
910:Sine bar
575:Tool bit
530:End mill
467:Cold saw
330:73127307
320:(1970),
237:grinding
204:bearings
189:red lead
1529:Masonry
1519:Kitchen
1445:Surform
1395:Scalpel
1368:Hacksaw
1363:Fretsaw
1338:Bandsaw
1258:Nibbler
1233:Machete
1087:Cutting
1045:Welding
1015:Forming
1005:Casting
820:Caliper
797:Wiggler
787:Mandrel
757:Fixture
699:Scriber
659:Hacksaw
550:Nibbler
462:Bandsaw
233:Lapping
87:scholar
1539:Mining
1509:Garden
1318:Reamer
1203:Grater
1138:Chisel
1123:Broach
963:Fuller
752:Collet
724:Wrench
689:Pliers
664:Hammer
565:Shears
560:Reamer
515:Chisel
505:Broach
482:Plasma
328:
208:bronze
200:deburr
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
1544:Power
1435:Snips
1418:Paint
1308:Razor
1288:Plane
1223:Laser
1218:Knife
1113:Blade
1093:tools
958:Forge
953:Anvil
905:Ruler
850:Gauge
747:Chuck
709:Tongs
694:Punch
644:Clamp
591:Brake
472:Laser
242:With
210:or a
171:trued
94:JSTOR
80:books
1514:Hand
1413:Hand
1408:Card
1303:Rasp
1193:Froe
1188:File
1103:Adze
1089:and
714:Vise
535:File
510:Burr
326:LCCN
300:2018
235:and
187:(or
66:news
1328:Saw
1108:Axe
767:Jig
596:Die
49:by
1567::
333:.
286:.
214:.
165:A
1079:e
1072:t
1065:v
438:e
431:t
424:v
400:e
393:t
386:v
373:.
367:.
361:.
347:.
302:.
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
43:.
20:.
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