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469:. Hand stencils, formed by placing a hand against the wall and covering the surrounding area in pigment result in the characteristic image of a roughly round area of solid pigment with the negative shape of the hand in the centre, these may then be decorated with dots, dashes, and patterns. Often, these are found in the same caves as other paintings, or may be the only form of painting in a location. Some walls contain many hand stencils. Similar hands are also painted in the usual fashion. A number of hands show a finger wholly or partly missing, for which a number of explanations have been given. Hand images are found in similar forms in Europe, Eastern Asia, Australia, and South America. One site in
904:
372:, was very different, concentrating on large assemblies of smaller and much less detailed figures, with at least as many humans as animals. This was created roughly between 10,000 and 5,500 years ago, and painted in rock shelters under cliffs or shallow caves, in contrast to the recesses of deep caves used in the earlier (and much colder) period. Although individual figures are less naturalistic, they are grouped in coherent grouped compositions to a much greater degree. Over a long period of time, the cave art has become less naturalistic and has graduated from beautiful, naturalistic animal drawings to simple ones, and then to abstract shapes.
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1761:) to white, black or yellow. The negative hand impressions date to around 550 BC, the positive impressions from 180 BC, while the hunting drawings are calculated to more than 10,000 years old. Most of the hands are "left hands" (that is, with thumb on the right, even though this pattern can be obtained as easily with both right and left hands, depending on whether the back or front is used) which has been used as an argument to suggest that painters held the spraying pipe with their right hand.
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978:, Mongolia, includes symbols and animal forms painted from the walls up to the ceiling. Stags, buffalo, oxen, ibex, lions, Argali sheep, antelopes, camels, elephants, ostriches, and other animal pictorials are present, often forming a palimpsest of overlapping images. The paintings appear brown or red in color, and are stylistically similar to other Paleolithic rock art from around the world but are unlike any other examples in Mongolia.
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96:; other species in the same Homo genus. Discussion around prehistoric art is important in understanding the history of the Homo sapiens species and how Homo sapiens have come to have unique abstract thoughts. Some point to these prehistoric paintings as possible examples of creativity, spirituality, and sentimental thinking in prehistoric humans.
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radiocarbon dates from these samples show that there were two periods of creation in
Chauvet: 35,000 years ago and 30,000 years ago. One of the surprises was that many of the paintings were modified repeatedly over thousands of years, possibly explaining the confusion about finer paintings that seemed to date earlier than cruder ones.
1599:, specifically Clayton Lebow, Douglas Harrow, and Rebecca McKim, to find out the symbolic meaning of the art. Some of the tools that were used to make the pictographs were found in the site and were connected to the two early occupations that were in the area. This pushed back the general knowledge of understood antiquity of
1631:, and 1% have geoglyphs. Five of these sites located in Baja California show hand designs or paintings, and they all spread out in that area. These sites include Milagro de Guadalupe (23 imprints), Corral de Queno (6 imprints), Rancho Viejo (1 drawing), Piedras Gordas (5 imprints), and finally Valle Seco (3 imprints).
1230:, Eritrea's highest mountain, lies near the site, as does a small successor village. Much of the rock art sites are found together with evidence of prehistoric stone tools, suggesting that the art could predate the widely presumed pastoralist and domestication events that occurred 5,000– 4,000 years ago.
2280:, and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship."
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and the Tribal Elders
Council of the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash. These two parties were able to stabilize and conserve the cave and its art. When previously studied, there were many conclusions about how the paintings were made but not a lot of conclusions about the symbolic value of the rock art and
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is a site of numerous cave paintings of real and mythical animals. Each painting has an inscription below it, which collectively have been estimated to be around 2,500 years old. Karihegane's rock art is in the same distinctive style as the Laas Geel and
Dhambalin cave paintings. Around 25 miles from
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vol. 514, pp. 223–227 (9 October 2014). "using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of
Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at
1998:
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are dated to about 8,000 BC. Similar paintings are found in other parts of India as well. In Tamil Nadu, ancient
Paleolithic Cave paintings are found in Kombaikadu, Kilvalai, Settavarai and Nehanurpatti. In Odisha they are found in Yogimatha and Gudahandi. In Karnataka, these paintings are found in
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using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of
Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest
2276:"we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in
563:
R. Dale
Guthrie, who has studied both highly artistic and lower quality art and figurines, identifies a wide range of skill and age among the artists. He hypothesizes that the main themes in the paintings and other artifacts (powerful beasts, risky hunting scenes and the representation of women in
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dating. Some researchers believe the drawings are too advanced for this era and question this age. More than 80 radiocarbon dates had been obtained by 2011, with samples taken from torch marks and from the paintings themselves, as well as from animal bones and charcoal found on the cave floor. The
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features handprints as a prominent motif in its rock art. Archaeological study of this site revealed that, based on the size of the handprints, they most likely belonged to the women of the community. In addition to this, they were likely used during initiation rituals in
Chinigchinich religious
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hallucinations of the shamans who still dominate the San culture today. Among the most evocative images are those believed to represent shamans deep in trance: a reclining, antelope-headed man surrounded by imaginary beasts, for example, or an insect-like humanoid covered with wild decorations.
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Wildlife and humans tend to get equal billing in
African rock art. (In the caves of western Europe, by contrast, pictures of animals cover the walls and human figures are rare.) In southern Africa, home to the San, or Bushmen, many of the rock scenes depicting people interpret the rituals and
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paintings of the Cave of
Altamira in Cantabria, Spain in 1879, the academics of the time considered them hoaxes. Recent reappraisals and numerous additional discoveries have since demonstrated their authenticity, while at the same time stimulating interest in the artistry and symbolism of
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1027:. Executed mainly in red and white with the occasional use of green and yellow, the paintings depict the lives and times of the people who lived in the caves, including scenes of childbirth, communal dancing and drinking, religious rites and burials, as well as indigenous animals.
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Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Hakim, Budianto; Burhan, Basran; Sardi, Ratno; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Hamrullah; Sumantri, Iwan; Tang, M.; Lebe, Rustan; Ilyas, Imran; Abbas, Abdullah; Jusdi, Andi; Mahardian, Dewangga Eka; Noerwidi, Sofwan (2024-07-03).
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states, "I think that the power that we see expressed here for the first time is the power of anticipation: the forward-looking imagination. In these paintings the hunter was made familiar with dangers which he knew he had to face but to which he had not yet come."
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1688:. It has an area of 1291.4 square kilometres (319,000 acres). The area has the largest concentration of prehistoric small farms on the American continents. Scientific studies confirm that the Capivara mountain range was densely populated in prehistoric periods.
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made at least 35.4 kyr ago is among the earliest dated figurative depictions worldwide, if not the earliest one. Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ~40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian
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which are thought to have been extinct for over 40,000 years, making this site another candidate for oldest known painting; however, the proposed age is dependent on the estimate of the extinction of the species seemingly depicted. Another Australian site,
1320:, the rock art was first discovered in 1933 and has since yielded 15,000 engravings and drawings that keep a record of the various animal migrations, climatic shifts, and change in human inhabitation patterns in this part of the Sahara from 6000 BC to the
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are famous for their hand prints. About 1,500 negative handprints have also been found in 30 painted caves in the Sangkulirang area of Kalimantan; preliminary dating analysis as of 2005 put their age in the range of 10,000 years old. A 2014 study based on
1245:. Dating back around 5,000 years, the paintings depict both wild animals and decorated cows. They also feature herders, who are believed to be the creators of the rock art. In 2008, Somali archaeologists announced the discovery of other cave paintings in
1058:, among spear points and other excavated material. After extensive testing for seven years, it was revealed that the lines drawn on the rock were handmade and from an ochre crayon dating back 73,000 years. This makes it the oldest known rock painting.
572:. However, in analyzing hand prints and stencils in French and Spanish caves, Dean Snow of Pennsylvania State University has proposed that a proportion of them, including those around the spotted horses in Pech Merle, were of female hands.
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D. L. Hoffmann; C.D. Standish; M. García-Diez; P.B. Pettitt; J. A. Milton; J. Zilhão; J.J. Alcolea-González; P. Cantalejo-Duarte; H. Collado; R. de Balbín; M. Lorblanchet; J. Ramos-Muñoz; G.-Ch. Weniger; A.W.G. Pike (2018).
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visited Malaysia in the early 1920s and found that some of the tribes (especially Negritos) were still producing cave paintings and had added depictions of modern objects including what are believed to be automobiles. (See
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that are painted on its walls and is a sacred site for religious and cultural practices of the Chumash tribe. It was under attack of demolition, which prompted the start of its conservation with cooperation between the
448:. Sometimes the silhouette of the animal was incised in the rock first, and in some caves all or many of the images are only engraved in this fashion, taking them somewhat out of a strict definition of "cave painting".
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paintings of humans, land animals, sea creatures, and abstract designs. These paintings are mostly confined to the sierras of this region, but can also be found in outlying mesas and rock shelters. According to recent
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is found) are typically littered with debris from many time periods. But subsequent technology has made it possible to date the paintings by sampling the pigment itself, torch marks on the walls, or the formation of
1131:, giant birds thought to have become extinct more than 40,000 years ago; however, this evidence is inconclusive for dating. It may suggest that Genyornis became extinct at a later date than previously determined.
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species are the most common. Drawings of humans were rare and are usually schematic as opposed to the more detailed and naturalistic images of animal subjects. Kieran D. O'Hara, geologist, suggests in his book
2440:"Mythical Beings May Be Earliest Imaginative Cave Art by Humans – The paintings on an Indonesian island are at least 43,900 years old and depict humanoid figures with animal-like features in a hunting scene"
2300:"In Cave in Borneo Jungle, Scientists Find Oldest Figurative Painting in the World – A cave drawing in Borneo is at least 40,000 years old, raising intriguing questions about creativity in ancient societies"
2700:
Pettitt, Paul (1 November 2008). "Art and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: Comments on the archaeological arguments for an early Upper Paleolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art".
4013:
2127:; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Burhan, Basran; Hakim, Budianto; Lebe, Rustan; Zhao, Jian-xin; Sulistyarto, Priyatno Hadi; Ririmasse, Marlon; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Sumantri, Iwan; Aubert, Maxime (2021-01-01).
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least compatible in age with the oldest European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world. In addition, a painting of a
560:. The shaman would retreat into the darkness of the caves, enter into a trance state, then paint images of their visions, perhaps with some notion of drawing out power from the cave walls themselves.
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Similarly, large animals are also the most common subjects in the many small carved and engraved bone or ivory (less often stone) pieces dating from the same periods. But these include the group of
338:, has charcoal drawings that have been radiocarbon-dated to 28,000 years, making it the oldest site in Australia and among the oldest in the world for which reliable date evidence has been obtained.
1785:, caves and scarps along the Thai-Burmese border, in the Petchabun Range of Central Thailand, and overlooking the Mekong River in Nakorn Sawan Province, all contain galleries of rock paintings. In
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who settled in the area some 8,000 years ago depict animals and humans, and are thought to represent religious beliefs. Human figures are much more common in the rock art of Africa than in Europe.
399:, hand stencils, and paintings done in two or three colors. Scholars classify cave art as "Signs" or abstract marks. The most common subjects in cave paintings are large wild animals, such as
971:, the cave painting of a warty pig is the earliest evidence of human settlement of the region. It has been reported that it is rapidly deteriorating as a result of climate change in the region.
4700:
Fauzi, Mohammad Ruly; Intan, Fadhlan S.; Wibowo, Andy S. (2019). "Newly discovered cave art sites from Bukit Bulan, Sumatra: Aligning prehistoric symbolic behavior in Indonesian prehistory".
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In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in the cave of
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419:. The species found most often were suitable for hunting by humans, but were not necessarily the actual typical prey found in associated deposits of bones; for example, the painters of
1106:, can be surmised from the painting content, contextual artifacts, or organic material intentionally or inadvertently mixed with the inorganic ochre paint, including torch soot.
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1627:. A little under 300 of the sites were connected to Native American Tribes. Throughout these 300 sites, 65% have paintings, 24% have petroglyphs, 10% have both paintings and
2196:"Pig Painting May Be World's Oldest Cave Art Yet, Archaeologists Say – The depiction of the animal on an Indonesian island is at least 45,500 years old, the researchers say"
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Analysis in 2022, led by Bennet Bacon, an amateur archaeologist, along with a team of professional archeologists and psychologists at the University of Durham, including
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Simekm Jan F.; Alan Cressler; Nicholas P. Herrmann; Sarah C. Sherwood (2013). "Sacred landscapes of the south-eastern USA: prehistoric rock and cave art in Tennessee".
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was uncovered in the area of Wadi Al-Zulma by the archaeological mission from the Tourism and Antiquities Ministry. Rock art cave is 15 meters deep and 20 meters high.
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scenes. Similar paintings, though in smaller numbers, can be found in nearby caves. There are also red dots on the ceilings, probably made by submerging their hunting
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And more recently, in 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of cave art at least 45,500 years old in Leang Tedongnge cave, Indonesia. According to the journal
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in the north east of Brazil with many prehistoric paintings; the park was created to protect the prehistoric artifacts and paintings found there. It became a
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studies of the area, of materials recovered from archaeological deposits in the rock shelters and on materials in the paintings themselves, suggest that the
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region, which the researchers suggest includes one of the earliest known depictions of a hunter on horseback. The rock art is dated to 1000 to 3000 BC.
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region, which was dated by carbon dating wasp nest material underlying and overlying the painting. Sometimes the approximate date, or at least, an
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were discovered to be even older, with an estimated age of at least 43,900 years. This finding was recognized as "the oldest known depiction of
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455:, which with a few incomplete exceptions have no real equivalent in Paleolithic cave paintings. One counterexample is a feminine figure in the
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1672:, between latitudes 8° 26' 50" and 8° 54' 23" south and longitudes 42° 19' 47" and 42° 45' 51" west. It falls within the municipal areas of
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267:, dated to be over 43,900 years old. Before this, the oldest known figurative cave paintings were that of a bull dated to 40,000 years, at
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369:
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115:). The oldest are often constructed from hand stencils and simple geometric shapes. More recently, in 2021, cave art of a pig found in
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European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world.
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Valladas, Helene (1 September 2003). "Direct radiocarbon dating of prehistoric cave paintings by accelerator mass spectrometry".
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images of people swimming, which are estimated to have been created 10,000 years ago during the time of the most recent Ice Age.
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the oldest artwork may be a relief of a shark above the cave entrance. It was partially disfigured by a later jar burial scene.
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what its meaning to the Chumash tribe. The excavation of the inside of the cave became a viewing area for archaeologists and
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583:, suggested that lines and dots (and a commonly seen, if curious, "Y" symbol, which was proposed to mean "to give birth") on
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4266:"Ancient cave with distinguished engravings depicting scenes of animals discovered in Sinai – Ancient Egypt – Heritage"
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2627:"Methods for U-series dating of CaCO3 crusts associated with Palaeolithic cave art and application to Iberian sites"
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255:. The oldest date given to an animal cave painting is now a depiction of several human figures hunting pigs in the
162:
138:, these predate the appearance of modern humans in Europe by at least 20,000 years and thus must have been made by
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tribes have contributed to the makings of Californian cave art, whether it be in Northern or Baja California. The
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of Kerala, India, contain drawings that range over periods from the Neolithic as early as 5,000 BC to 1,000 BC.
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4737:"Unusual painted anthropomorph in Lembata island extends our understanding of rock art diversity in Indonesia"
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Bacon, Bennett; Khatiri, Azadeh; Palmer, James; Freeth, Tony; Pettitt, Paul; Kentridge, Robert (2023-01-05).
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1121:-like birds with their necks outstretched. They have been identified by a palaeontologist as depicting the
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100:
17:
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Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Setiawan, Pindi (2015). "Pola Gambar Cadas di Situs Gua Harimau, Sumatera Selatan".
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of these pictures is often impossible. The oldest so far dated at 17,300 years is an ochre painting of a
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4489:. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge. p. 234.
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2019:
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have mainly left reindeer bones, but this species does not appear at all in the cave paintings, where
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can produce misleading results if contaminated by other samples, and caves and rocky overhangs (where
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A 2018 study claimed an age of 64,000 years for the oldest examples of non-figurative cave art in the
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deposits on top of the paintings. The subject matter can also indicate chronology: for instance, the
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Podestá, María Mercedes; Raffino, Rodolfo A.; Paunero, Rafael Sebastián; Rolandi, Diana S. (2005).
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322:. An initial dating puts the age of an image in the same range as Chauvet: about 32,000 years old.
52:. The art in the cave is dated between 7,300 BC and 700 AD; stenciled, mostly left hands are shown.
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was dated to at least 35.4 ka, placing it among the oldest known figurative depictions worldwide.
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are approximately 51,200 years old, establishing them as the oldest known paintings in the world.
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1975:. Editorial Director: Amanda Renshaw; Text & Expertise provided by Daniel Arsenault et al.
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Cave artists use a variety of techniques such as finger tracing, modeling in clay, engravings,
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Hiregudda near Badami. The most recent painting, consisting of geometric figures, date to the
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depicted in the Spanish cave of Cueva de las Monedas places the drawings in the last Ice Age.
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Rock painting was also performed on cliff faces; but fewer of those have survived because of
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365:. Some caves probably continued to be painted over a period of several thousands of years.
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times. Initially, the age of the paintings had been a contentious issue, since methods like
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and the earliest instance of figurative art in human history." On July 3, 2024, the journal
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4152:. Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Somali Democratic Republic. p. 295.
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Aubert, M.; et al. (11 December 2019). "Earliest hunting scene in prehistoric art".
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in ink, and then throwing them up. The colours of the paintings vary from red (made from
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3243:"Башкирия: новые исследования 'состарили' наскальные рисунки Каповой пещеры в два раза"
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3019:
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2726:
2608:
2600:
2564:
2516:
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2409:
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2176:
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1990:
1980:
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1769:
1662:
1487:
704:
460:
287:
123:
3721:
3443:
2674:
2656:
2370:
244:
215:
Nearly 350 caves have now been discovered in France and Spain that contain art from
8271:
8046:
7983:
7968:
7832:
7775:
7770:
7685:
7635:
7583:
7563:
7532:
7281:
7188:
6931:
6714:
6514:
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6390:
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6012:
5863:
5823:
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5137:
5020:
4868:
4856:
4717:
4663:
4602:
4425:
4386:
4052:
3429:
3421:
3387:
3367:
3214:
3011:
2718:
2638:
2596:
2506:
2488:
2401:
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2257:
2247:
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2148:
1851:
1344:
1087:
967:
903:
782:
768:
716:
362:
354:
180:
175:
6773:
6729:
4429:
3015:
1781:
There are rock paintings in caves in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Burma. In
432:
that climate controlled the themes depicted. Pigments used include red and yellow
8373:
7898:
7705:
7603:
7593:
7542:
7453:
7401:
7162:
7132:
6894:
6822:
6800:
6758:
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6623:
6488:
6483:
6134:
6017:
5588:
5164:
4721:
4207:
4164:
4147:
4117:
3988:
3350:
Aubert, M.; et al. (2014). "Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia".
2722:
2642:
1790:
1685:
1624:
1582:
1479:
1379:
982:
849:
792:
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604:
565:
553:
541:
518:
470:
441:
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396:
272:
184:
183:
figures interacting with a pig and measure 36 by 15 inches (91 by 38 cm) in
81:
37:
4162:
3722:"Apollo 11 (ca. 25,500–23,500 B.C.) and Wonderwerk (ca. 8,000 B.C.) Cave Stones"
3561:
8244:
8239:
8234:
7943:
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7800:
7475:
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7198:
7020:
6985:
6916:
6805:
6677:
6385:
5970:
5960:
5781:
5762:
5446:
5309:
5082:
4943:
3537:
3512:
2769:"An Exceptional Archaeological Discovery – the 'Art Gallery' in Coliboaia Cave"
2625:
Hoffmann, D.L.; Pike, A.W.; García-Diez, M.; Pettitt, P.B.; Zilhão, J. (2016).
2493:
2228:"U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art"
2100:"200,000-year-old handprints may be the world's oldest artwork, scientists say"
1871:
1596:
1578:
1514:
1348:
1333:
1329:
1036:
947:
915:
845:
588:
503:
491:
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315:
260:
200:
4390:
4056:
3330:
3219:
3202:
2405:
2354:
2331:
Aubert, M.; et al. (7 November 2018). "Palaeolithic cave art in Borneo".
34:, the broader term which includes human-made markings on all natural surfaces.
8347:
8229:
7938:
7805:
7795:
7765:
7750:
7740:
7695:
7660:
7578:
7537:
7485:
7480:
7396:
7157:
7142:
7088:
7066:
6963:
6951:
6736:
6618:
6579:
6567:
6555:
6267:
6178:
6107:
5848:
5791:
5769:
5678:
5610:
5605:
5583:
5264:
5249:
5049:
4990:
4872:
4640:
4579:
4437:
3228:
3023:
2784:
2502:
2162:
1994:
1976:
1926:
1654:
1538:
1399:
1372:
1360:
1181:
1091:
939:
dated a Maros hand stencil to a minimum age of 39,900 years. A painting of a
744:
738:
660:
592:
537:
499:
5698:
4624:
4504:
2252:
2227:
1883:
Some hand prints have been found in Tibet and dated about 200,000 years-old.
1340:
and other Sahara regions including: Ayr mountains, Niger and Tibesti, Chad.
341:
Other examples may date as late as the Early Bronze Age, but the well-known
179:
published research findings indicating that the cave paintings which depict
8199:
8061:
8015:
7928:
7827:
7507:
7418:
7076:
7032:
7013:
6968:
6768:
6692:
6449:
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6400:
6027:
5909:
5873:
5853:
5705:
5683:
5595:
5345:
5259:
5117:
5107:
4779:
3379:
2977:
2730:
2520:
2413:
2362:
2271:
2180:
2153:
1719:
1615:
The National Institution of Anthropology and History (INAH) established in
1434:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1142:
1055:
1047:
872:
696:
666:
629:
576:
522:
456:
319:
303:
283:
224:
211:
cave and dated to be more than 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old.
170:
139:
65:
7125:
4606:
3862:. The State of Queensland (Department of National Parks, Sport and Racing)
3425:
1970:
1905:
World Heritage Sites: a Complete Guide to 1007 UNESCO World Heritage Sites
1276:, rock art of what appear to be antelopes and a giraffe are also found at
1226:, while the town is known to have survived to the sixth century AD. Mount
1018:
have the oldest cave paintings in India, dating back to 25,000 years. The
1003:
8281:
8266:
8214:
8204:
7948:
7878:
7837:
7815:
7755:
7406:
7115:
7105:
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7056:
7008:
6946:
6909:
6882:
6783:
6753:
6628:
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6471:
6459:
6220:
6205:
6195:
6166:
6124:
6039:
6007:
5955:
5888:
5725:
5600:
5457:
5189:
5037:
5015:
5005:
4903:
4487:
Stone Knapping: the Necessary Conditions for a Uniquely Hominin Behaviour
2295:
1734:
1715:
1620:
1292:
1261:
1174:
1170:
1134:
1024:
887:
853:
822:
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656:
342:
326:
291:
252:
93:
69:
57:
3371:
3091:
Cave Paintings and the Human Spirit: The Origin of Creativity and Belief
1410:
946:
In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the oldest known
568:) are the work of adolescent males, who constituted a large part of the
126:. Represented by three red non-figurative symbols found in the caves of
8337:
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5304:
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5224:
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5127:
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1814:
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1628:
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1471:
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1227:
1212:
1066:
833:
722:
625:
495:
335:
276:
216:
3778:"Oldest Known Drawing by Human Hands Discovered in South African Cave"
3203:"An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar"
2766:
1941:
475:
298:
8209:
8081:
7790:
7675:
7665:
7448:
7438:
7433:
7167:
6936:
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6519:
6504:
6429:
6412:
6330:
6215:
6156:
6146:
6141:
6064:
5943:
5831:
5757:
5524:
5514:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5239:
5229:
5184:
5169:
5154:
5122:
5097:
4886:
4838:
The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the World's First Artists
4243:
3538:"Indonesia: Climate change destroying world's oldest animal painting"
1703:
1586:
1568:
1556:
1246:
1234:
1208:
1127:
1122:
1051:
955:
923:
776:
726:
700:
684:
557:
330:
264:
229:
161:. In December 2019, cave paintings portraying pig hunting within the
154:
112:
89:
73:
49:
3513:"Indonesia: Archaeologists find world's oldest animal cave painting"
1141:
is also home to a number of cave paintings created by the seafaring
302:
An artistic depiction of a group of rhinoceros was completed in the
119:, Indonesia, and dated to over 45,500 years ago, has been reported.
7822:
7810:
7720:
7700:
7690:
7670:
7650:
7640:
7512:
7443:
7428:
6941:
6877:
6724:
6682:
6417:
6325:
6200:
6022:
5985:
5965:
5299:
5289:
5284:
5174:
5159:
5144:
5112:
4068:
2950:"First Impressions: What does the world's oldest art say about us?"
2768:
2084:
2078:
M. Aubert et al., "Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia",
1818:
1786:
1782:
1758:
1742:
1600:
1273:
1266:
1238:
1219:
1095:
940:
931:
911:
800:
748:
445:
437:
415:, and tracings of human hands as well as abstract patterns, called
384:
Prehistoric cave painting of animals at Albarracín, Teruel, Spain (
282:
The earliest known European figurative cave paintings are those of
233:
166:
116:
108:
31:
4632:
1669:
1585:
made paintings in Swordfish Cave. It was given its name after the
1222:
near Qohaito appears to indicate habitation in the area since the
1043:
are estimated to date from approximately 25,500–27,500 years ago.
375:
8332:
8116:
8041:
7988:
7725:
7680:
7495:
7386:
7003:
6795:
6741:
6687:
6509:
6315:
6225:
6079:
5980:
5938:
5801:
5720:
5673:
5661:
5370:
5244:
5087:
4898:
4532:
Parfit, Michael (December 2000). "Hunt for the First Americans".
3335:
2465:
1810:
1750:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1364:
1313:
1301:
1197:
1158:
1040:
868:
861:
732:
420:
408:
346:
204:
4909:
4092:"UK archaeologist finds cave paintings at 100 new African sites"
3856:"Whitsunday national park islands - Nature, Culture and History"
3562:
Khoit tsenkher cave rock painting – UNESCO World Heritage Centre
3000:"Hand Designs in Rock Art from Northern Baja California, Mexico"
2891:"Prehistoric cave paintings took up to 20,000 years to complete"
1499:
may have a time range extending as far back as 7,500 years ago.
1153:
587:
cave paintings correlated with the mating cycle of animals in a
380:
8320:
8224:
7760:
7745:
7730:
7655:
7465:
7423:
7391:
7071:
6608:
6586:
6439:
6375:
6320:
5710:
5688:
5656:
5630:
5132:
5092:
5010:
1822:
1746:
1644:
1616:
1437:, now thought to be some 3,000 years old, the paintings by the
1383:
1325:
1257:
959:
876:
758:
424:
393:
368:
The next phase of surviving European prehistoric painting, the
311:
158:
7324:
4935:
3407:"Rock Art, Burials, and Habitations: Caves in East Kalimantan"
2624:
7710:
7470:
7137:
6857:
6591:
6545:
6407:
6262:
6210:
5786:
5752:
5149:
5102:
5044:
4892:
4595:
Incidence of travel: recent journeys in ancient South America
4205:
3882:"'Edakkal cave findings related to Indus Valley civilization"
1826:
1754:
1475:
1387:
1363:. The Cave of Swimmers was discovered in October 1933 by the
1352:
1337:
1281:
1277:
1110:
1075:
986:
433:
404:
400:
135:
85:
4290:"Photos: Archaeologists uncover ancient cave in North Sinai"
3806:"Earliest known drawing found on rock in South African cave"
2767:
Ghemis, Calin; Clottes, J.; Gely, B.; Prudhomme, F. (2011).
2563:(1st ed.). Berkeley, CA: Wilderness Press. p. 62.
2035:
1729:). Besides these there are also depictions of human beings,
1203:
914:, Indonesia). Hand stencils estimated between 35,000–40,000
486:
7785:
7490:
7413:
7083:
7044:
6524:
6380:
6310:
6230:
6102:
5615:
4966:
2536:"Oldest example of figurative art found in Indonesian cave"
1694:(Spanish for "Cave of the Hands") is a cave located in the
1395:
1391:
837:
641:
Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain
591:, potentially making them the earliest known evidence of a
412:
77:
2966:
Herzog, Werner. (2010). "Cave of Forgotten Dreams". 43:25.
556:
societies, is that the paintings were made by paleolithic
552:
and broadly based on ethnographic studies of contemporary
6395:
6161:
6119:
5329:
4163:
Istituto universitario orientale (Naples, Italy) (1992).
3488:"World's 'oldest known cave painting' found in Indonesia"
3331:"Why are these 32 symbols found in caves all over Europe"
2123:
1793:
is dated at 2000 years, and those in the Painted Cave at
1118:
595:
system and explaining one object of many cave paintings.
4796:
3830:"Australia: Oldest rock art is 17,300-year-old kangaroo"
3728:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2000
3200:
1939:
239:
The oldest known cave painting is a red hand stencil in
27:
Paintings, often prehistoric, on cave walls and ceilings
3328:
1046:
In 2011, archaeologists found a small rock fragment at
989:
contain 11,000-year-old paintings and many rock tools.
4041:"The Discovery of Dhambalin Rock Art Site, Somaliland"
3676:
World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India
3649:
After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000–5,000 BC
3177:"Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery"
2993:
2991:
8309:
3458:"Hands Across Time: Exploring the Rock Art of Borneo"
2469:"Narrative cave art in Indonesia by 51,200 years ago"
1797:
National Park are 1200 years old. The anthropologist
1563:. Cave art that is 6,000 years old was found in the
1233:
In 2002, a French archaeological team discovered the
325:
In Australia, cave paintings have been found on the
251:
method to older than 64,000 years and was made by a
8179:
Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
4859:(2005). "Immersive Excess in the Apse of Lascaux".
4349:"Baja California Rock Art Dated to 7,500 Years Ago"
2988:
2841:"Megafauna cave painting could be 40,000 years old"
286:in France, dating to earlier than 30,000 BC in the
4771:
3673:Javid, Ali; Jāvīd, ʻAlī; Javeed, Tabassum (2008).
3152:"Cave painters' giveaway handprints at Pech-Merle"
2290:
2288:
2286:
1972:Art & Place: Site-Specific Art of the Americas
1643:Cave painting at Serra da Capivara National Park,
4684:
3936:"Symbols akin to Indus valley culture discovered"
3911:"Sarasvati River Indus Script Ancient Village Or"
2807:"From the Trenches – Drawing Paleolithic Romania"
2558:
2039:El arte rupestre de Argentina indígena: Patagonia
1706:, 163 km (101 mi) south of the town of
1355:, near the border with Libya, in the mountainous
1070:Painting at Jabiru Dreaming, Kakadu National Park
598:
509:In the early 20th century, following the work of
318:in Romania, stylistically comparable to those at
99:The oldest known are more than 40,000 years old (
8345:
4889:The recording of cave paintings around the world
4699:
4414:"The Archaeology and Rock Art of Swordfish Cave"
4122:. Trade & Travel Publications. p. 640.
3672:
3143:
2834:
2832:
2798:
2760:
2561:Rock-art of the Southwest: a Visitor's Companion
474:practices, which were commonly practiced in the
4774:Discovery in the Cave (Children's early reader)
2947:
2882:
2620:
2618:
2433:
2431:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2283:
2220:
2218:
1661:in 1991. Its best known archaeological site is
1610:
1478:exist in the mid-peninsula regions of southern
481:
376:Subjects, themes, and patterns in cave painting
4797:Fage, Luc-Henri; Chazine, Jean-Michel (2010).
4444:
3757:French National Centre for Scientific Research
2997:
2864:"Australian rock art among the world's oldest"
1074:Significant early cave paintings, executed in
7340:
5473:
4951:
4552:
4485:. In Roux, Valentine; Bril, Blandine (eds.).
3295:"Oldest cave drawings found in Romanian cave"
2829:
2042:(in Spanish). Grupo Abierto Communicaciones.
1809:In Indonesia, rock paintings can be found in
1324:. Other cave paintings are also found at the
4734:
4477:
3769:
3329:Genevieve von Petzinger (18 December 2015).
2615:
2428:
2319:
2215:
2187:
2097:
2074:
2072:
2070:
852:, England (~14,500 ys old cave etchings and
646:Well-known cave paintings include those of:
8154:Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
4169:. Istituto orientale di Napoli. p. 57.
4083:
3746:
2855:
2582:
2580:
536:interpreted the paintings as 'utilitarian'
386:rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin
370:rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin
8127:History of hard rock miners' organizations
7347:
7333:
5487:
5480:
5466:
4958:
4944:
4912:Rock art of Borneo (Kalimantan, Indonesia)
2922:Archaeology Theories, Methods and Practice
2843:. Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC)
2681:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
2330:
1749:patterns, representations of the sun, and
1113:painting, discovered at the centre of the
1050:, about 300 km (190 mi) east of
898:
4855:
4815:
4014:"Grotto galleries show early Somali life"
3776:St. Fleur, Nicholas (12 September 2018).
3775:
3433:
3218:
3061:
2510:
2492:
2261:
2251:
2170:
2152:
2067:
1870:The UNESCO dates the art to 13,000–9,000
1382:decorated with scenes of animals such as
976:the rock art found in Khoit Tsenkher Cave
8112:American Society of Reclamation Sciences
7959:North American Aerospace Defense Command
4816:Heyd, Thomas; Clegg, John, eds. (2005).
4769:
4450:
4141:
4139:
2978:"Hand Paintings and Symbols in Rock Art"
2586:
2577:
2437:
2193:
1768:
1638:
1547:Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park
1448:
1409:
1300:UNESCO World Heritage Site in southeast
1291:
1202:
1191:
1152:
1065:
1002:
902:
828:
635:
619:
485:
379:
297:
194:
84:. These paintings were often created by
36:
4478:Steele, James; Uomini, Natalie (2005).
4236:
4089:
4032:
3603:Riddles of Indian Rockshelter Paintings
3572:
3404:
3149:
3113:
3107:
3088:
2861:
2838:
2699:
2672:
974:Originating in the Paleolithic period,
871:. One example is the rock paintings of
14:
8346:
4899:American Rock Art Research Association
4834:
4531:
4411:
4313:
4206:Universität Frankfurt am Main (2003),
4199:
4173:
4011:
4005:
3803:
3645:
3599:
3349:
3292:
3150:Hammond, Norman (September 11, 2009).
2975:
2805:Zorich, Zach (January–February 2012).
2804:
2743:
2533:
2383:
2294:
478:territory where this site is located.
361:BC, coinciding with the advent of the
7328:
6651:
6290:
5556:
5461:
4939:
4592:
4136:
4109:
3579:. Abhinav Publications. p. 220.
2552:
1864:
1619:recorded over 1,500 rock art related
1308:Many cave paintings are found in the
247:, Spain. It has been dated using the
6652:
4895:database of European Prehistoric Art
4156:
4115:
4090:Alberge, Dalya (17 September 2010).
4038:
3455:
3293:Tugman, Lindsey (1 September 2011).
3122:. Chicago : Univ. of Chicago Press.
2888:
2438:Ferreira, Becky (11 December 2019).
2194:Ferreira, Becky (January 13, 2021).
2031:
2029:
1725:The hand images are often negative (
1668:It is located in northeast state of
1405:
1148:
459:, as described in an interview with
76:), found on the wall or ceilings of
4546:
4145:
3965:"Understanding Rock Art in Eritrea"
2998:Fonseca-Ibarra, Enah (2018-01-02).
2919:
2129:"Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi"
2098:Bob McDonald (September 24, 2021).
1252:Additionally, between the towns of
1237:cave paintings on the outskirts of
540:to increase the abundance of prey.
24:
8052:Journey to the Center of the Earth
7954:Naples underground geothermal zone
4930:National Museum of Natural History
4763:
4525:
4149:Somalia Today: General Information
3494:. Agence France-Presse. 2021-01-13
2924:(7th ed.). Thames and Hudson.
2589:Measurement Science and Technology
2527:
2459:
1942:"Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas"
1054:on the southern cape coastline in
1030:
25:
8390:
8169:Research Centre for Deep Drilling
8164:International Union of Speleology
6604:Megalithic architectural elements
4977:Glossary of caving and speleology
4880:
4702:Journal of Archaeological Science
4653:
4412:Liwosz, Chester R. (2016-07-02).
4166:Annali: Supplemento, Issues 70-73
3726:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3679:. Algora Publishing. p. 19.
3606:. Sarup & Sons. p. 189.
3576:Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka
3116:"Preface: Reassembling the Bones"
3068:. London: BBC Books. p. 54.
2744:Zorich, Zach (March–April 2011).
2679:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
2657:"Palaeolithic Cave art in Borneo"
2559:Welsh, Liz; Welsh, Peter (2000).
2026:
1764:
1712:Francisco P. Moreno National Park
1196:Rock art in the Adi Alauti cave,
1187:
8331:
8319:
6291:
3207:Cambridge Archaeological Journal
2948:Thurman, Judith (23 June 2008).
2889:Gray, Richard (5 October 2008).
2675:"Chauvet Cave (ca. 30,000 B.C.)"
1634:
1521:that are located in present-day
1455:Santa Barbara County, California
1444:
908:Caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst
257:caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst
8159:Institution of Mining Engineers
7924:Underground Great Wall of China
7354:
7223:Evolutionary origin of religion
5366:Nok and Mamproug Cave Dwellings
4965:
4728:
4693:
4678:
4647:
4586:
4514:from the original on 2021-10-16
4471:
4405:
4370:
4341:
4307:
4282:
4258:
4012:Bakano, Otto (April 24, 2011).
3981:
3957:
3928:
3903:
3874:
3848:
3822:
3797:
3749:"The World's Earliest Drawing?"
3740:
3714:
3693:
3666:
3639:
3620:
3593:
3566:
3555:
3530:
3505:
3480:
3456:Fage, Luc-Henri (August 2005).
3398:
3343:
3313:
3286:
3259:
3235:
3194:
3169:
3082:
3055:
3030:
2969:
2960:
2941:
2928:
2913:
2737:
2693:
2666:
2649:
2377:
2056:from the original on 2021-10-29
2001:from the original on 2021-10-29
1952:from the original on 2021-04-14
1714:, which includes many sites of
1651:Serra da Capivara National Park
1287:
8174:Society of Economic Geologists
8142:National Speleological Society
8092:Wonderland (fictional country)
4558:A Concise History of the World
4480:"Humans, tools and handedness"
4246:. UNESCO World Heritage Center
4213:Journal of African Archaeology
4181:"Rock Art Sites of Somaliland"
2862:McGuirk, Rod (June 18, 2012).
2839:Masters, Emma (May 31, 2010).
2673:Clottes, Jean (October 2002).
2534:Harris, Garreth (2024-07-04).
2117:
2091:
1963:
1940:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1933:
1897:
1877:
1741:and other animals, as well as
1509:Rock art of the Chumash people
928:caves in the district of Maros
599:Paleolithic cave art by region
357:in Spain died out about 10,000
105:caves in the district of Maros
68:(which category also includes
13:
1:
7599:Subterranean rivers of London
6836:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
6366:British megalith architecture
4904:Tour of Afghan cave paintings
4538:. Vol. 198, no. 6.
4430:10.1080/1947461X.2016.1240852
4045:African Archaeological Review
3120:The Nature of Paleolithic Art
3016:10.1080/1947461X.2018.1444362
2773:Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
1890:
1431:uKhahlamba / Drakensberg Park
1269:, another key rock art site.
1086:, Australia. Ochre is not an
751:Valley, France (~17,000 y.o.)
548:Another theory, developed by
8354:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
8132:National Mine Map Repository
7574:Jewel Cave National Monument
6831:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
6371:Nordic megalith architecture
5419:List of UK caving fatalities
4922:Human Timeline (Interactive)
4799:Borneo – Memory of the Caves
4722:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.01.001
4599:University Press of Colorado
4451:Le Comte, Christian (2003).
4216:, Africa Manga Verlag: 230,
4146:Ali, Ismail Mohamed (1970).
3993:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
3989:"Qoahito Cultural Landscape"
3942:. 2009-09-29. Archived from
3913:. Scribd.com. Archived from
3888:. 2009-10-22. Archived from
3701:"Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka"
2723:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.003
2643:10.1016/j.quageo.2016.07.004
1946:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1710:, within the borders of the
1611:Northern and Baja California
1061:
1035:Cave paintings found at the
570:human population at the time
482:Theories and interpretations
203:, a depiction of an unknown
101:art of the Upper Paleolithic
7:
8137:National Mining Association
7964:Raven Rock Mountain Complex
4916:Journey through Art History
4540:National Geographic Society
4353:news.nationalgeographic.com
4314:Jaroff, Leon (1997-06-02).
3635:. UNESCO. 2003. p. 16.
3600:Tiwari, Shiv Kumar (2000).
3573:Mathpal, Yashodhar (1984).
3038:"Hunting magic in rock art"
2936:Cave Art and Climate Change
1840:
1541:. They include examples at
430:Cave Art and Climate Change
306:30,000 to 32,000 years ago.
80:. The term usually implies
10:
8395:
8077:Tunnels in popular culture
7919:Underground City, Montreal
7914:Underground City (Beijing)
7859:816 Nuclear Military Plant
7589:Mammoth Cave National Park
6979:British Isles and Brittany
6900:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
4735:O'Connor, Sue (May 2018).
4562:Cambridge University Press
3804:Sample, Ian (2018-09-12).
3629:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
3297:. CBS News. Archived from
3093:. Prometheus. p. 35.
3089:Whitley, David S. (2009).
3062:Bronowski, Jacob (1990) .
2703:Journal of Human Evolution
2601:10.1088/0957-0233/14/9/301
2494:10.1038/s41586-024-07541-7
1979:. 2013. pp. 354–355.
1607:by more than 2,000 years.
1605:California's Central Coast
1561:Southwestern United States
1506:
1459:
1318:UNESCO World Heritage Site
996:
884:Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola
613:
602:
29:
8187:
8104:
8029:
8008:
8001:
7884:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
7851:
7628:
7621:
7551:
7369:
7362:
7181:
6994:
6821:
6668:
6664:
6647:
6533:
6497:
6346:
6303:
6299:
6286:
6093:
5924:
5897:
5822:
5748:
5739:
5644:
5569:
5565:
5557:
5552:
5495:
5442:
5411:
5379:
5338:
5223:
5068:
4983:
4974:
4457:. Consorcio de Editores.
4391:10.1017/S0003598X00049048
4057:10.1007/s10437-008-9032-2
3220:10.1017/S0959774322000415
3114:Guthrie, R. Dale (2005).
2868:Christian Science Monitor
2406:10.1038/s41586-019-1806-y
2355:10.1038/s41586-018-0679-9
2278:Maltravieso (Extremadura)
1773:Rock painting in Misool,
1592:Vandenberg Air Force Base
1559:examples in caves of the
819:, Bulgaria (~10,000 y.o.)
699:, with an entrance below
609:
190:
8250:Underground construction
8122:Cave Research Foundation
5395:Cave of Forgotten Dreams
4835:Curtis, Gregory (2006).
4687:Pusat Arkeologi Nasional
4593:Moore, Jerry D. (2017).
2631:Quaternary Geochronology
1857:
1543:Burro Flats Painted Cave
1531:San Luis Obispo Counties
992:
875:(3,000–2,500 BC) in the
807:Cave of the Trois-Frères
789:, France (~15,000 y.o.)
581:Robert William Kentridge
490:Rock paintings from the
466:Cave of Forgotten Dreams
207:, was discovered in the
199:One of the oldest known
30:Not to be confused with
7736:Missile launch facility
7609:Wind Cave National Park
7211:Evolutionary musicology
6614:Oldest extant buildings
6541:Archaeological features
6060:Prepared-core technique
5388:Diving into the Unknown
4818:Aesthetics and Rock Art
4770:Dubowski, Mark (2010).
4660:The Negrito of Malaysia
4554:Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.
4183:. CyArk. Archived from
3836:. BBC. 23 February 2021
3646:Mithen, Steven (2011).
3272:Encyclopædia Britannica
2954:The New Yorker Magazine
2253:10.1126/science.aap7778
1581:people of Southern and
1312:mountains in southeast
1164:
1020:Bhimbetka rock shelters
999:Cave paintings in India
948:figurative art painting
899:East and Southeast Asia
840:, Font-de-Gaume, France
813:, France (~13,000 y.o.)
803:, France (~13,600 y.o.)
741:, France (~17,000 y.o.)
735:, France (~17,000 y.o.)
719:, France (~25,000 y.o.)
713:, France (~27,000 y.o.)
693:, France (~28,200 y.o.)
687:, Spain (~30,000 y.o.?)
673:, France (~35,000 y.o.)
663:, Russia (~36,000 y.o.)
314:discovered drawings in
7889:Chicago Tunnel Company
7528:Subterranean waterfall
7173:Unchambered long cairn
7021:Mound Builders culture
6354:Neolithic architecture
5489:Prehistoric technology
5434:Tham Luang cave rescue
5429:Riesending cave rescue
4873:10.1386/tear.3.3.181/1
4820:. Ashgate Publishing.
4556:(September 23, 2015).
4418:California Archaeology
4116:Hodd, Michael (1994).
3886:The New Indian Express
3652:. Orion. p. 524.
3405:Chazine, J-M. (2005).
3004:California Archaeology
2982:bradshawfoundation.com
2976:Foundation, Bradshaw.
2154:10.1126/sciadv.abd4648
2018:: CS1 maint: others (
1799:Ivor Hugh Norman Evans
1778:
1647:
1513:Native artists in the
1457:
1426:
1305:
1216:
1207:Cave paintings at the
1200:
1161:
1071:
1016:Ambadevi rock shelters
1011:
937:uranium–thorium dating
919:
886:first encountered the
841:
825:, Norway (~3,000 y.o.)
779:, Spain (~15,500 y.o.)
763:Bosnia and Herzegovina
729:, France (25,000 y.o.)
691:Caves of Arcy-sur-Cure
653:, Spain (~40,000 y.o.)
643:
633:
628:painting found in the
511:Walter Baldwin Spencer
506:
389:
307:
212:
53:
8369:Mass media technology
7904:Kőbánya cellar system
7894:Houston tunnel system
7874:Almadén Mercury Mines
7869:The Caves of Ægissíða
6848:List of Stone Age art
6050:Microblade technology
5998:Langdale axe industry
5596:Ard / plough
5402:The Underground Eiger
4607:10.5876/9781607326007
4119:East African Handbook
4016:. AFP. Archived from
3892:on September 26, 2013
3860:Queensland Government
3703:. World Heritage Site
3426:10.1353/asi.2005.0006
2938:, Archway Publishing.
2085:babirusa ('pig-deer')
1911:. 2014. p. 607.
1847:List of Stone Age art
1772:
1642:
1507:Further information:
1452:
1413:
1322:late classical period
1296:Cave painting at the
1295:
1206:
1195:
1156:
1078:, have been found in
1069:
1006:
906:
864:(~29,000 y.o. art?).
856:discovered in 2003),
832:
681:Cuevas de El Castillo
639:
623:
603:Further information:
489:
383:
301:
198:
40:
8326:Evolutionary biology
8299:Subterranean warfare
8072:Subterranea (comics)
8057:Moria (Middle-earth)
8037:Allegory of the cave
8021:Subterranean fiction
7255:Prehistoric medicine
7250:Prehistoric counting
7233:Prehistoric religion
7228:Paleolithic religion
7206:Behavioral modernity
6563:Causewayed enclosure
6455:Abri de la Madeleine
5579:Neolithic Revolution
4801:. Le Kalimanthrope.
3747:Fui Lee Luk (2018).
3301:on 21 September 2013
1804:prehistoric Malaysia
1462:Great Mural Rock Art
1371:. The site contains
1265:Las Khorey is found
1211:complex in northern
844:Other sites include
550:David Lewis-Williams
515:Francis James Gillen
201:figurative paintings
8255:Tunnel construction
7979:Subterranean Toledo
7974:Subterranean London
7864:Caves of Maastricht
7294:Prehistoric warfare
6040:Magdalenian culture
6003:Levallois technique
5934:Earliest toolmaking
5424:Alpazat cave rescue
5069:Types and formation
4887:Bradshaw Foundation
4714:2019JArSR..24..166F
4535:National Geographic
4326:on February 4, 2013
4039:Mire, Sada (2008).
3462:National Geographic
3372:10.1038/nature13422
3364:2014Natur.514..223A
3042:Bradshaw Foundation
2934:O'Hara, K. (2014).
2715:2008JHumE..55..908P
2485:2024Natur.631..814O
2398:2019Natur.576..442A
2347:2018Natur.564..254A
2298:(7 November 2018).
2244:2018Sci...359..912H
2145:2021SciA....7.4648B
1674:São Raimundo Nonato
1659:World Heritage Site
1484:Baja California Sur
1474:cave paintings and
1224:fifth millennium BC
1115:Arnhem Land Plateau
952:Lubang Jeriji Saléh
836:cave painting of a
797:Les Eyzies de Tayac
787:Lussac-les-Châteaux
651:Cave of El Castillo
517:, scholars such as
269:Lubang Jeriji Saléh
209:Lubang Jeriji Saléh
163:Maros-Pangkep karst
151:Lubang Jeriji Saléh
103:) and found in the
8277:Mining engineering
8262:Underground living
8087:Underland (Narnia)
8002:Fictional features
7781:Underground hangar
7523:Subterranean river
7518:Subterranean fauna
7245:Origin of language
7238:Spiritual drug use
7148:Rectangular dolmen
7050:Dartmoor kistvaens
6863:Carved stone balls
6575:Circular enclosure
6534:Other architecture
6477:Alp pile dwellings
6065:Solutrean industry
5976:Gravettian culture
5626:Secondary products
5351:Cave-dwelling Jews
5098:Estavelle/Inversac
4564:. pp. 11–13.
3783:The New York Times
3414:Asian Perspectives
2746:"A Chauvet Primer"
2445:The New York Times
2305:The New York Times
2201:The New York Times
1779:
1692:Cueva de las Manos
1648:
1565:Cumberland Plateau
1458:
1427:
1415:San rock paintings
1306:
1217:
1201:
1162:
1157:Dera Rock Art in,
1139:Whitsunday Islands
1072:
1012:
920:
893:Upper Palaeolithic
842:
773:Santillana del Mar
677:Cave of La Pasiega
644:
634:
616:Caves in Cantabria
585:upper palaeolithic
507:
390:
336:Nawarla Gabarnmang
308:
221:radiocarbon dating
213:
82:prehistoric origin
54:
42:Cueva de las Manos
8379:Pre-Columbian art
8307:
8306:
8195:Cave conservation
8100:
8099:
7997:
7996:
7843:Ventilation shaft
7622:Man-made features
7617:
7616:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7267:Prehistoric music
7216:music archaeology
6873:Cup and ring mark
6698:Clothing/textiles
6643:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6085:Yubetsu technique
6070:Striking platform
6035:Lithic technology
5920:
5919:
5905:Game drive system
5824:Projectile points
5716:Mortar and pestle
5455:
5454:
5233:(Cave formations)
4996:Cave conservation
4861:Technonoetic Arts
4857:Nechvatal, Joseph
4808:978-2-9536616-1-3
4789:978-0-375-85893-2
4741:Rock Art Research
4616:978-1-60732-600-7
4571:978-1-107-02837-1
4454:Argentine Indians
4316:"Etched in Stone"
4294:Egypt Independent
4244:"Tassili n'Ajjer"
4020:on April 30, 2011
3358:(7521): 223–227.
3129:978-0-226-31126-5
3100:978-1-59102-636-5
3075:978-0-563-20900-3
3065:The Ascent of Man
3044:. 9 December 2019
2655:Aubert, M. et al
2540:The Art Newspaper
2479:(8022): 814–818.
2392:(7787): 442–445.
2341:(7735): 254–257.
2238:(6378): 912–915.
2049:978-987-1121-16-8
1986:978-0-7148-6551-5
1918:978-1-77085-640-0
1909:UNESCO Publishing
1682:Coronel José Dias
1678:São João do Piauí
1149:Holocene cave art
879:area of Finland.
858:Peștera Coliboaia
705:Marseille, France
671:Vallon-Pont-d'Arc
502:) Estimated 7000
461:Dominique Baffier
288:Upper Paleolithic
277:Indonesian Borneo
124:Iberian Peninsula
16:(Redirected from
8386:
8336:
8335:
8324:
8323:
8315:
8272:Mine exploration
8047:Greek Underworld
8006:
8005:
7984:Turda Salt Mines
7969:Shanghai tunnels
7833:Smuggling tunnel
7776:Underground base
7771:Underground city
7686:Dugout (shelter)
7636:Air raid shelter
7626:
7625:
7584:Lechuguilla Cave
7564:Castellana Caves
7533:Underground lake
7367:
7366:
7363:Natural features
7349:
7342:
7335:
7326:
7325:
7282:Divje Babe flute
7189:Archaeoastronomy
6932:Petrosomatoglyph
6666:
6665:
6649:
6648:
6498:Water management
6301:
6300:
6288:
6287:
6191:Denticulate tool
6013:Lithic reduction
5746:
5745:
5567:
5566:
5554:
5553:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5459:
5458:
5078:Anchihaline cave
5060:Caves by country
4960:
4953:
4946:
4937:
4936:
4910:Le Kalimanthrope
4876:
4852:
4831:
4812:
4793:
4777:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4662:. Archived from
4651:
4645:
4644:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4484:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4385:(336): 430–446.
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:on July 19, 2003
4355:. Archived from
4345:
4339:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4322:. Archived from
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4187:on 29 March 2014
4177:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4067:. Archived from
4051:(3–4): 153–168.
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3570:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3437:
3411:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3034:
3028:
3027:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2945:
2939:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2920:Renfrew, Colin.
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2897:. Archived from
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2670:
2664:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2595:(9): 1487–1492.
2584:
2575:
2574:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2496:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2328:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2292:
2281:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2156:
2133:Science Advances
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2095:
2089:
2076:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1907:(6th ed.).
1901:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1868:
1852:15,000 BC in art
1486:, consisting of
1345:Cave of Swimmers
1088:organic material
968:Science Advances
769:Cave of Altamira
717:Grotte de Cussac
624:30,000-year-old
535:
363:Neolithic period
360:
352:
329:plateau showing
241:Maltravieso cave
185:Leang Karampuang
21:
8394:
8393:
8389:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8384:
8383:
8344:
8343:
8342:
8330:
8318:
8310:
8308:
8303:
8183:
8096:
8025:
7993:
7899:Kosvinsky Kamen
7847:
7706:Fallout shelter
7676:Crypt Mausoleum
7613:
7604:Veryovkina Cave
7594:Reed Flute Cave
7547:
7454:Solutional cave
7402:Communal burrow
7358:
7353:
7323:
7310:
7177:
7163:Stone box grave
7133:Megalithic tomb
7038:Cotswold-Severn
6990:
6895:Guardian stones
6823:Prehistoric art
6817:
6660:
6635:
6624:Timber trackway
6529:
6493:
6489:Wattle and daub
6342:
6321:Standing stones
6295:
6274:
6089:
5916:
5893:
5818:
5735:
5645:Food processing
5640:
5589:New World crops
5561:
5548:
5491:
5486:
5456:
5451:
5438:
5407:
5380:Popular culture
5375:
5334:
5232:
5227:
5219:
5165:Solutional cave
5070:
5064:
4979:
4970:
4964:
4883:
4849:
4828:
4809:
4790:
4766:
4764:Further reading
4761:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4733:
4729:
4698:
4694:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4666:on 24 July 2013
4654:Weber, George.
4652:
4648:
4617:
4601:. p. 100.
4591:
4587:
4572:
4551:
4547:
4530:
4526:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4497:
4482:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4449:
4445:
4410:
4406:
4375:
4371:
4362:
4360:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4329:
4327:
4312:
4308:
4299:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4274:
4272:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4161:
4157:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4071:on 27 June 2013
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4010:
4006:
3997:
3995:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3973:
3971:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3949:
3947:
3940:Hindustan Times
3934:
3933:
3929:
3920:
3918:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3895:
3893:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3774:
3770:
3761:
3759:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3644:
3640:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3556:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3522:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3497:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3448:
3446:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3348:
3344:
3325:Wayback Machine
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3251:
3249:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3199:
3195:
3186:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3060:
3056:
3047:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3031:
2996:
2989:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2946:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2901:on 15 June 2009
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2765:
2761:
2742:
2738:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2671:
2667:
2654:
2650:
2623:
2616:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2557:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2532:
2528:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2436:
2429:
2382:
2378:
2329:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2293:
2284:
2223:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2192:
2188:
2139:(3): eabd4648.
2122:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2096:
2092:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2057:
2050:
2034:
2027:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1919:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1843:
1791:Tambun rock art
1767:
1720:paleontological
1686:Canto do Buriti
1637:
1625:Baja California
1613:
1597:anthropologists
1583:Baja California
1575:Native American
1554:Native American
1552:There are also
1517:tribes created
1511:
1480:Baja California
1464:
1447:
1408:
1406:Southern Africa
1310:Tassili n'Ajjer
1298:Tassili n'Ajjer
1290:
1190:
1167:
1151:
1064:
1033:
1031:Southern Africa
1025:medieval period
1001:
995:
983:Padah-Lin Caves
901:
850:Nottinghamshire
793:Les Combarelles
711:Caves of Gargas
618:
612:
607:
605:Paleolithic art
601:
566:Venus figurines
554:hunter-gatherer
542:Jacob Bronowski
529:
519:Salomon Reinach
484:
471:Baja California
453:Venus figurines
442:manganese oxide
417:finger flutings
378:
358:
353:15,000 BC) and
350:
273:East Kalimantan
249:uranium-thorium
193:
181:anthropomorphic
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8392:
8382:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8364:Indigenous art
8361:
8359:Cave paintings
8356:
8341:
8340:
8328:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8290:
8289:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8247:
8245:Trench warfare
8242:
8240:Tunnel network
8237:
8235:Tunnel warfare
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8191:
8189:
8188:Related topics
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8150:
8149:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8108:
8106:
8102:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8033:
8031:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8012:
8010:
8003:
7999:
7998:
7995:
7994:
7992:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7944:Mount Yamantau
7941:
7936:
7934:Mines of Paris
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7808:
7803:
7801:Secret passage
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7632:
7630:
7623:
7619:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7569:Hang Sơn Đoòng
7566:
7561:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7476:Lava tree mold
7473:
7468:
7463:
7462:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7373:
7371:
7364:
7360:
7359:
7352:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7329:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7306:
7296:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7272:Alligator drum
7264:
7263:
7262:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7208:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7199:lunar calendar
7196:
7185:
7183:
7182:Other cultural
7179:
7178:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7086:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7011:
7000:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6986:Venus figurine
6983:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6917:Megalithic art
6914:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6875:
6870:
6868:Cave paintings
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6833:
6827:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6751:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6674:
6672:
6670:Material goods
6662:
6661:
6645:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6589:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6469:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6393:
6388:
6386:Cliff dwelling
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6305:
6297:
6296:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6105:
6099:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5971:Fire hardening
5968:
5963:
5961:Clovis culture
5958:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5930:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5884:Manis Mastodon
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5828:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5784:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5763:throwing stick
5755:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5575:
5573:
5563:
5562:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5485:
5484:
5477:
5470:
5462:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5356:Cave monastery
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5310:Speleoseismite
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5083:Breathing cave
5080:
5074:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4963:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4932:(August 2016).
4919:
4913:
4907:
4906:from BBC News.
4901:
4896:
4890:
4882:
4881:External links
4879:
4878:
4877:
4867:(3): 181–192.
4853:
4847:
4832:
4826:
4813:
4807:
4794:
4788:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4727:
4692:
4677:
4646:
4615:
4585:
4570:
4545:
4524:
4495:
4470:
4463:
4443:
4424:(2): 319–321.
4404:
4369:
4340:
4306:
4281:
4257:
4235:
4222:
4198:
4172:
4155:
4135:
4128:
4108:
4082:
4031:
4004:
3980:
3956:
3927:
3902:
3873:
3847:
3821:
3796:
3768:
3739:
3713:
3692:
3685:
3665:
3658:
3638:
3619:
3612:
3592:
3585:
3565:
3554:
3529:
3504:
3479:
3420:(1): 219–230.
3397:
3342:
3312:
3285:
3267:"Trois Frères"
3258:
3234:
3213:(3): 371–389.
3193:
3168:
3142:
3128:
3106:
3099:
3081:
3074:
3054:
3029:
2987:
2968:
2959:
2940:
2927:
2912:
2881:
2854:
2828:
2797:
2759:
2736:
2709:(5): 908–917.
2692:
2665:
2648:
2614:
2576:
2569:
2551:
2526:
2458:
2427:
2376:
2318:
2282:
2214:
2186:
2116:
2090:
2066:
2048:
2025:
1985:
1962:
1932:
1917:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1766:
1765:Southeast Asia
1763:
1716:archaeological
1636:
1633:
1621:archaeological
1612:
1609:
1519:cave paintings
1460:Main article:
1453:Painted Cave,
1446:
1443:
1407:
1404:
1400:mountain goats
1380:limestone cave
1359:region of the
1349:Cave of Beasts
1330:Mesak Settafet
1289:
1286:
1189:
1188:Horn of Africa
1186:
1166:
1163:
1150:
1147:
1117:, depicts two
1063:
1060:
1037:Apollo 11 Cave
1032:
1029:
997:Main article:
994:
991:
900:
897:
846:Creswell Crags
827:
826:
820:
814:
804:
790:
780:
766:
765:(~16,000 y.o.)
752:
742:
736:
730:
720:
714:
708:
707:(~27,000 y.o.)
694:
688:
674:
664:
654:
611:
608:
600:
597:
589:lunar calendar
492:Cave of Beasts
483:
480:
377:
374:
345:style seen at
316:Coliboaia Cave
261:South Sulawesi
192:
189:
130:, Ardales and
64:are a type of
62:cave paintings
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8391:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8316:
8313:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8288:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8256:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8230:Civil defense
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8220:Cave painting
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8186:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8105:Organisations
8103:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8028:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8004:
8000:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7939:Mustang Caves
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7850:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7806:Semi-basement
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7796:Subway system
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7766:Utility vault
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7751:Rock-cut tomb
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7741:Passage grave
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7696:Earth shelter
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7661:Blast shelter
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7624:
7620:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7579:Kazumura Cave
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7550:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7538:Volcanic pipe
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7486:Maternity den
7484:
7482:
7481:Magma chamber
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7397:Burrow fossil
7395:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7365:
7361:
7357:
7350:
7345:
7343:
7338:
7336:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7268:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7224:
7221:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7158:Simple dolmen
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7143:Passage grave
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7089:Gallery grave
7087:
7085:
7082:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7004:Burial mounds
7002:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6993:
6987:
6984:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6964:Statue menhir
6962:
6960:
6957:
6953:
6952:Stone carving
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6791:Sewing needle
6789:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6743:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6735:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6650:
6646:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6619:Timber circle
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6569:
6568:Tor enclosure
6566:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6557:
6556:fulacht fiadh
6554:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6289:
6285:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5792:spear-thrower
5790:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5770:Bow and arrow
5768:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5679:Grinding slab
5677:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5611:Domestication
5609:
5607:
5606:Digging stick
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5584:Founder crops
5582:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5525:New Stone Age
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5483:
5478:
5476:
5471:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5265:Dogtooth spar
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5250:Calcite rafts
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5050:Speleogenesis
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:Cave painting
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Biospeleology
4989:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4961:
4956:
4954:
4949:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4848:1-4000-4348-4
4844:
4840:
4839:
4833:
4829:
4827:0-7546-3924-X
4823:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4768:
4767:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4696:
4688:
4681:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4542:. p. 40.
4541:
4537:
4536:
4528:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4496:1-902937-34-1
4492:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4464:987-9479-11-4
4460:
4456:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4337:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4245:
4239:
4225:
4223:9783937248004
4219:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4208:"Volumes 1–2"
4202:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4142:
4140:
4131:
4129:0-8442-8983-3
4125:
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3946:on 2011-01-28
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3917:on 2012-11-05
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2015:
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1977:Phaidon Press
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1708:Perito Moreno
1705:
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1655:national park
1652:
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1635:South America
1632:
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1623:monuments in
1622:
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1536:
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1523:Santa Barbara
1520:
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1498:
1494:
1489:
1488:Pre-Columbian
1485:
1482:and northern
1481:
1477:
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1469:
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1456:
1451:
1445:North America
1442:
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1373:rock painting
1370:
1369:László Almásy
1366:
1362:
1361:Sahara Desert
1358:
1354:
1351:in southwest
1350:
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1199:
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1182:Edakkal Caves
1178:
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1136:
1132:
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1129:
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1092:carbon dating
1089:
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538:hunting magic
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527:Count Bégouën
524:
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500:Libyan Desert
497:
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349:in France (c.
348:
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290:according to
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144:modern humans
141:
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67:
63:
59:
51:
47:
46:Perito Moreno
43:
39:
33:
19:
8219:
8200:Cave dweller
8062:Nome Kingdom
8016:Hollow Earth
7929:Maginot Line
7828:Storm cellar
7646:Burial vault
7508:Rock shelter
7419:Glacier cave
7099:wedge-shaped
7084:Funeral pyre
7077:Great dolmen
7033:Chamber tomb
7014:Round barrow
6969:Stone circle
6867:
6841:Blombos Cave
6769:Grooved ware
6693:Chalcolithic
6597:Thornborough
6515:Flush toilet
6450:Blombos Cave
6445:Rock shelter
6401:Quiggly hole
6293:Architecture
6268:illustration
5910:Buffalo jump
5731:Storage pits
5694:Aşıklı Höyük
5684:Ground stone
5520:Subdivisions
5400:
5393:
5386:
5346:Cave dweller
5260:Cave popcorn
5199:Underground
5118:Karst spring
5108:Glacier cave
5000:
4864:
4860:
4837:
4817:
4798:
4780:Random House
4778:. New York:
4773:
4749:. Retrieved
4744:
4740:
4730:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4686:
4680:
4668:. Retrieved
4664:the original
4659:
4656:"The Semang"
4649:
4625:j.ctt1m3210q
4594:
4588:
4560:. New York:
4557:
4548:
4533:
4527:
4516:. Retrieved
4486:
4473:
4453:
4446:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4361:. Retrieved
4357:the original
4352:
4343:
4334:
4328:. Retrieved
4324:the original
4319:
4309:
4298:. Retrieved
4296:. 2020-04-26
4293:
4284:
4273:. Retrieved
4270:Ahram Online
4269:
4260:
4248:. Retrieved
4238:
4227:, retrieved
4211:
4201:
4189:. Retrieved
4185:the original
4175:
4165:
4158:
4148:
4118:
4111:
4099:. Retrieved
4096:The Guardian
4095:
4085:
4073:. Retrieved
4069:the original
4048:
4044:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4018:the original
4007:
3996:. Retrieved
3992:
3983:
3972:. Retrieved
3968:
3959:
3948:. Retrieved
3944:the original
3939:
3930:
3919:. Retrieved
3915:the original
3905:
3894:. Retrieved
3890:the original
3885:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3859:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3833:
3824:
3813:. Retrieved
3810:The Guardian
3809:
3799:
3789:15 September
3787:. Retrieved
3781:
3771:
3760:. Retrieved
3753:news.cnrs.fr
3752:
3742:
3730:. Retrieved
3725:
3716:
3705:. Retrieved
3695:
3675:
3668:
3648:
3641:
3628:
3622:
3602:
3595:
3575:
3568:
3557:
3546:. Retrieved
3544:. 2021-05-19
3541:
3532:
3521:. Retrieved
3519:. 2021-01-14
3516:
3507:
3496:. Retrieved
3492:The Guardian
3491:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3465:
3461:
3447:. Retrieved
3417:
3413:
3400:
3391:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3334:
3321:Ghostarchive
3319:Archived at
3315:
3303:. Retrieved
3299:the original
3288:
3278:February 23,
3276:. Retrieved
3270:
3261:
3250:. Retrieved
3246:
3237:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3185:. Retrieved
3183:. 2023-01-05
3180:
3171:
3159:. Retrieved
3155:
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3119:
3109:
3090:
3084:
3064:
3057:
3046:. Retrieved
3041:
3032:
3007:
3003:
2981:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2943:
2935:
2930:
2921:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2899:the original
2894:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2867:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2819:. Retrieved
2814:
2810:
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2776:
2772:
2762:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2678:
2668:
2660:
2651:
2634:
2630:
2592:
2588:
2560:
2554:
2543:. Retrieved
2539:
2529:
2476:
2472:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2443:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2338:
2332:
2309:. Retrieved
2303:
2296:Zimmer, Carl
2235:
2231:
2205:. Retrieved
2199:
2189:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2108:. Retrieved
2103:
2093:
2079:
2058:. Retrieved
2038:
2003:. Retrieved
1971:
1965:
1954:. Retrieved
1945:
1935:
1904:
1899:
1879:
1866:
1808:
1780:
1724:
1722:importance.
1690:
1667:
1663:Pedra Furada
1649:
1614:
1573:
1551:
1533:in Southern
1512:
1502:
1501:
1497:Great Murals
1466:Distinctive
1465:
1435:South Africa
1428:
1423:South Africa
1419:Western Cape
1377:
1342:
1307:
1288:North Africa
1271:
1251:
1232:
1218:
1179:
1168:
1143:Ngaro people
1133:
1126:
1108:
1073:
1056:South Africa
1048:Blombos Cave
1045:
1034:
1013:
980:
973:
966:
964:
945:
921:
881:
873:Astuvansalmi
866:
843:
697:Cosquer Cave
667:Chauvet Cave
645:
630:Chauvet Cave
577:Paul Pettitt
574:
562:
547:
523:Henri Breuil
508:
464:
457:Chauvet Cave
450:
429:
391:
367:
340:
324:
309:
304:Chauvet Cave
284:Chauvet Cave
281:
238:
225:parietal art
214:
174:
171:storytelling
148:
142:rather than
140:Neanderthals
121:
98:
94:Neanderthals
86:Homo sapiens
66:parietal art
61:
55:
18:Hand stencil
8282:Mole people
8267:Mine rescue
8215:Cave rescue
8205:Cave diving
7949:Mogao Caves
7879:Coober Pedy
7838:Spider hole
7816:Septic tank
7756:Root cellar
7407:Paleoburrow
7356:Subterranea
7121:unchambered
7116:Long barrow
7106:Grave goods
7062:Court cairn
7057:Clava cairn
7009:Bowl barrow
6947:Rock cupule
6890:Golden hats
6883:Hill figure
6784:Unstan ware
6764:Cord-marked
6629:Sweet Track
6551:Burnt mound
6472:Stilt house
6460:Sibudu Cave
6253:Tally stick
6221:Quern-stone
6206:Hammerstone
6196:Fire plough
6167:Pesse canoe
6125:Bannerstone
6095:Other tools
6008:Lithic core
5956:Aurignacian
5844:Bare Island
5726:Quern-stone
5225:Speleothems
5138:Exploration
5038:Troglofauna
5006:Cave survey
4984:Main topics
4926:Smithsonian
4751:11 November
4708:: 166–174.
4597:. Boulder:
4250:31 December
4229:7 September
3840:25 February
3435:10125/17232
3161:31 December
3135:31 December
3010:(1): 1–25.
2905:30 December
2874:30 December
2847:30 December
2811:Archaeology
2750:Archaeology
2637:: 104–119.
2451:12 December
2263:10498/21578
2207:January 14,
2125:Brumm, Adam
2106:. CBC Radio
1777:, Indonesia
1629:petroglyphs
1493:radiocarbon
1262:Karinhegane
1175:Tabon Caves
1171:Philippines
1135:Hook Island
888:Magdalenian
854:bas-reliefs
823:Solsem cave
817:Magura Cave
755:Badanj Cave
657:Kapova Cave
530: [
343:Magdalenian
327:Arnhem Land
292:radiocarbon
253:Neanderthal
217:prehistoric
128:Maltravieso
88:, but also
70:petroglyphs
58:archaeology
8348:Categories
8294:Speleology
8287:in fiction
8067:Pellucidar
7909:Kome Caves
7559:Balve Cave
7503:Pit crater
7459:Talus cave
7382:Ant colony
7260:trepanning
7153:Ring cairn
7111:Jar burial
7094:transepted
7026:U.S. sites
6927:Petroglyph
6853:Bird stone
6811:wine press
6484:Stone roof
6467:Roundhouse
6359:long house
6336:Stonehenge
6304:Ceremonial
6248:Stone tool
6075:Tool stone
6045:Metallurgy
5949:Mousterian
5926:Toolmaking
5864:Cumberland
5837:Transverse
5807:Schöningen
5699:Qesem cave
5667:Earth oven
5621:Irrigation
5532:Technology
5500:Prehistory
5361:Kome Caves
5325:Stalagnate
5320:Stalagmite
5315:Stalactite
5305:Soda straw
5295:Shelfstone
5255:Cave pearl
5230:Speleogens
5195:Talus cave
5128:Ley tunnel
5055:Speleology
5033:Stygofauna
4893:EuroPreArt
4633:2016053403
4518:2021-04-23
4363:2016-03-29
4330:2008-10-07
4300:2020-09-09
4275:2020-09-09
3998:2021-02-16
3974:2021-02-16
3950:2012-08-17
3921:2012-08-17
3896:2012-08-17
3866:16 October
3815:2018-09-12
3762:2024-05-09
3707:2009-12-22
3548:2021-05-19
3523:2021-02-24
3498:2021-02-24
3468:(2): 44–45
3252:2019-10-11
3187:2023-01-05
3048:2021-05-25
2545:2024-07-05
2311:8 November
2110:2024-05-09
2060:2021-03-01
2005:2021-03-27
1956:2021-04-07
1891:References
1815:Kalimantan
1795:Niah Caves
1775:Raja Ampat
1727:stencilled
1700:Santa Cruz
1567:region of
1535:California
1503:California
1472:polychrome
1468:monochrome
1439:San people
1357:Gilf Kebir
1254:Las Khorey
1243:Somaliland
1228:Emba Soira
1213:Somaliland
958:island of
956:Indonesian
834:Polychrome
723:Pech Merle
626:cave hyena
614:See also:
496:Gilf Kebir
394:bas-relief
165:region in
157:island of
155:Indonesian
132:La Pasiega
90:Denisovans
74:engravings
8210:Cave gate
8082:Underdark
8030:Exemplars
7852:Exemplars
7791:Wine cave
7666:Catacombs
7552:Exemplars
7449:Show cave
7439:Lava tube
7434:Lava cave
7304:symbolism
7168:Tor cairn
7126:Grønsalen
7067:Cremation
6959:Sculpture
6937:Pictogram
6922:Petroform
6742:amber use
6710:Cosmetics
6520:Reservoir
6505:Check dam
6435:Pueblitos
6430:Pit-house
6413:Longhouse
6347:Dwellings
6216:Microlith
6147:Bow drill
6142:Bone tool
6135:prismatic
5944:Acheulean
5859:Cresswell
5832:Arrowhead
5758:Boomerang
5674:Granaries
5636:Terracing
5515:Stone Age
5412:Incidents
5339:Dwellings
5280:Helictite
5275:Frostwork
5270:Flowstone
5240:Anthodite
5213:Waterfall
5185:Suffosion
5170:Show cave
5155:Salt cave
5123:Lava cave
5071:processes
5021:Equipment
4841:. Knopf.
4641:973325343
4580:908262350
4438:1947-461X
4399:130296519
4379:Antiquity
4065:162960112
3472:7 October
3229:0959-7743
3156:The Times
3024:1947-461X
2785:0001-5229
2609:250809121
2503:0028-0836
2422:209311825
2163:2375-2548
2014:cite book
1995:865298990
1927:910986576
1743:geometric
1704:Argentina
1587:swordfish
1569:Tennessee
1557:pictogram
1417:from the
1378:In 2020,
1367:explorer
1365:Hungarian
1247:Dhambalin
1235:Laas Geel
1209:Laas Geel
1128:Genyornis
1123:megafauna
1100:Kimberley
1080:Kimberley
1062:Australia
1052:Cape Town
1008:Bhimbetka
924:Indonesia
895:peoples.
783:La Marche
777:Cantabria
747:, in the
727:Cabrerets
701:sea level
685:Cantabria
397:sculpture
331:megafauna
310:In 2009,
265:Indonesia
230:carbonate
113:Indonesia
50:Argentina
7823:Stepwell
7811:Sewerage
7721:Hypogeum
7701:Erdstall
7691:Dry well
7671:Casemate
7651:Borehole
7641:Basement
7513:Sinkhole
7444:Pit Cave
7429:Ice cave
6942:Rock art
6905:painting
6878:Geoglyph
6703:timeline
6683:Beadwork
6423:Mehrgarh
6418:Mudbrick
6326:megalith
6201:Fire-saw
6023:debitage
6018:analysis
5986:Hand axe
5966:Cupstone
5544:Glossary
5505:Timeline
5447:Category
5300:Snottite
5290:Rimstone
5285:Moonmilk
5175:Sinkhole
5160:Sea cave
5145:Pit cave
5113:Ice cave
4509:Archived
4505:64118071
4191:28 March
3834:BBC News
3542:BBC News
3517:BBC News
3444:53372873
3380:25297435
3323:and the
3181:BBC News
2756:(2): 39.
2731:18678392
2521:38961284
2512:11269172
2414:31827284
2371:53208538
2363:30405242
2272:29472483
2181:33523879
2054:Archived
1999:Archived
1950:Archived
1841:See also
1819:Sulawesi
1787:Malaysia
1783:Thailand
1759:hematite
1745:shapes,
1731:guanacos
1696:province
1601:rock art
1347:and the
1274:Djibouti
1267:Gelweita
1239:Hargeisa
1220:Rock art
1125:species
1096:kangaroo
941:babirusa
932:Sulawesi
912:Sulawesi
801:Dordogne
749:Dordogne
632:, France
446:charcoal
438:hematite
355:Altamira
234:reindeer
167:Sulawesi
117:Sulawesi
109:Sulawesi
32:rock art
8312:Portals
8117:Bergamt
8042:Batcave
7989:Yaodong
7726:Manhole
7716:Foxhole
7681:Dungeon
7387:Aquifer
7299:Symbols
6910:pigment
6796:Weaving
6759:Cardium
6754:Pottery
6749:Mirrors
6737:Jewelry
6678:Baskets
6658:culture
6510:Cistern
6316:Pyramid
6258:Weapons
6236:Scraper
6226:Racloir
6186:Cleaver
6174:Chopper
6080:Uniface
5991:Grooves
5981:Hafting
5939:Oldowan
5898:Systems
5849:Cascade
5812:woomera
5802:harpoon
5775:history
5741:Hunting
5721:Pottery
5662:Cooking
5571:Farming
5537:history
5510:Outline
5371:Yaodong
5245:Boxwork
5088:Cave-in
4710:Bibcode
4689:: 1–10.
4101:25 June
4075:22 June
3388:2725838
3360:Bibcode
3336:YouTube
2821:7 March
2790:7 March
2711:Bibcode
2481:Bibcode
2394:Bibcode
2343:Bibcode
2240:Bibcode
2232:Science
2172:7806210
2141:Bibcode
2088:world."
1811:Sumatra
1751:hunting
1739:felines
1579:Chumash
1537:in the
1527:Ventura
1515:Chumash
1384:donkeys
1334:Tadrart
1314:Algeria
1302:Algeria
1198:Eritrea
1169:In the
1159:Eritrea
1137:in the
1098:in the
1041:Namibia
954:on the
869:erosion
862:Romania
771:, near
733:Lascaux
725:, near
669:, near
558:shamans
476:Luiseño
421:Lascaux
409:aurochs
347:Lascaux
320:Chauvet
245:Cáceres
153:on the
8374:Murals
8225:Caving
8147:Grotto
7761:Tunnel
7746:Quarry
7656:Bunker
7543:Warren
7466:Cenote
7424:Grotto
7392:Burrow
7377:Alcove
7277:flutes
7072:Dolmen
6996:Burial
6806:winery
6779:Linear
6609:Midden
6587:Cursus
6580:Goseck
6440:Pueblo
6391:Dugout
6376:Burdei
6055:Mining
5879:Lamoka
5874:Folsom
5854:Clovis
5711:Metate
5689:Hearth
5657:Basket
5631:Sickle
5180:Spring
5093:Cenote
5016:Diving
5011:Caving
4969:topics
4845:
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4670:11 May
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3247:u7a.ru
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2080:Nature
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1823:Flores
1789:, the
1747:zigzag
1645:Brazil
1617:Mexico
1529:, and
1476:murals
1388:camels
1326:Akakus
1258:El Ayo
1109:A red
1084:Kakadu
960:Borneo
877:Saimaa
811:Ariège
759:Stolac
610:Europe
425:equine
411:, and
405:horses
359:
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312:cavers
271:cave,
205:bovine
191:Dating
176:Nature
159:Borneo
8009:Types
7711:Fogou
7629:Types
7471:Karst
7370:Types
7194:sites
7138:Mummy
6858:Cairn
6774:Jōmon
6725:shoes
6720:Hides
6592:Henge
6546:Broch
6408:Jacal
6263:Wheel
6211:Knife
6157:Canoe
6152:Burin
6130:Blade
6028:flake
5889:Plano
5797:baton
5787:Spear
5753:Arrow
5706:Manos
5559:Tools
5208:River
5150:Ponor
5103:Foiba
5045:Karst
5028:Fauna
4621:JSTOR
4512:(PDF)
4483:(PDF)
4395:S2CID
4061:S2CID
3633:(PDF)
3440:S2CID
3410:(PDF)
3384:S2CID
2605:S2CID
2418:S2CID
2367:S2CID
1858:Notes
1835:Papua
1827:Timor
1755:bolas
1735:rheas
1670:Piauí
1653:is a
1353:Egypt
1338:Libya
1282:Balho
1278:Dorra
1111:ochre
1104:epoch
1090:, so
1076:ochre
993:India
987:Burma
882:When
809:, in
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785:, in
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7786:Well
7731:Mine
7491:Nest
7414:Cave
7287:gudi
7045:Cist
6974:list
6801:Wine
6730:Ötzi
6715:Glue
6688:Beds
6656:and
6654:Arts
6525:Well
6381:Cave
6311:Kiva
6241:side
6231:Rope
6179:tool
6113:bone
6103:Adze
5869:Eden
5782:Nets
5652:Fire
5616:Goad
5601:Celt
5228:and
5203:Lake
5190:Sump
5133:Mine
4967:Cave
4843:ISBN
4822:ISBN
4803:ISBN
4784:ISBN
4753:2022
4672:2013
4637:OCLC
4629:LCCN
4611:ISBN
4576:OCLC
4566:ISBN
4501:OCLC
4491:ISBN
4459:ISBN
4434:ISSN
4320:Time
4252:2012
4231:2014
4218:ISBN
4193:2014
4124:ISBN
4103:2013
4077:2013
4026:2013
3868:2017
3842:2021
3791:2018
3734:2013
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3608:ISBN
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1991:OCLC
1981:ISBN
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1470:and
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1396:mule
1392:deer
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1316:. A
1280:and
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1165:Asia
1082:and
1014:The
981:The
926:the
838:wolf
579:and
564:the
525:and
513:and
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413:deer
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8338:Art
7496:Bee
6396:Hut
6331:row
6162:Oar
6120:Axe
6108:Awl
5330:Vug
4869:doi
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