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ringer will need to move up and down a range of bells, possibly sharing them with others. This technique means more than two bells can be rung in short succession, using the table to damp and free the hand to pick up the next bell. If the ringing sequence requires bells to be rung in tonal order, this technique often results in a weaving pattern as the ringer must often reach across their body for the next bell. Weaving can also be used in combination with the four-in-hand in a technique called "traveling four-in-hand". By combining the ability to hold two bells in each hand with the ability to quickly drop and pick up the secondary bell of a four-in-hand, a ringer has quick access to several bells.
211:. The clapper on an English handbell is on a hinge and moves back and forth in a single direction, unlike a school bell in which the clapper swings freely in any direction. It also has a spring that holds the clapper away from the casting after the strike to allow the bell to ring freely. Furthermore, the shaft of the clapper is rigid, such that the bell may be held with its mouth facing upward. The overtones on an English handbell are a 12th (an octave and a perfect fifth) above the fundamental, while Dutch handbells – such as
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motion. A second way is to pick up the third bell sideways so the clapper swings outward. Ringers with good control can then ring the first bell without ringing the third, allowing them to play three notes in two hands. Another method, called interlocked six-in-hand, can be set up by interlocking the handles of two bells so that the clappers move in the same direction (similar to the
Shelley technique), rotating a third bell, and inserting it between the other two.
176:
266:). The bells are typically arranged chromatically on foam-covered tables; these tables protect the bronze surface of the bell, as well as keep the bells from rolling when placed on their sides. Unlike an orchestra or choir in which each musician is responsible for one line of the texture, a handbell ensemble acts as one instrument, with each musician responsible for particular notes, sounding their assigned bells whenever those notes appear in the music.
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365:, is credited with fully realizing an American off-the-table style of ringing that includes many non-ringing sound effects including stopped techniques such as plucking the clapper with the bell on the table. He is also credited for promoting precise damping or stopping of the sound by touching the bell to a soft surface, in the service of more musical results.
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Handbells can be played as a handbell tree where the handles are interlaced within each other, allowing multiple bells to be played with mallets to obtain an undamped sound. This performance technique was invented by Louise Frier in the 1980s. It was further developed by
Barbara Brocker who developed
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To ring a handbell, the ringer moves it in such a way that the clapper strikes the inside surface of the bell, usually holding it against their shoulder, bell upwards, and then swinging the bell through an elliptical shape to cause the clapper to strike the casting. The tone of the bell will continue
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designed to be rung by hand. To ring a handbell, a ringer grasps the bell by its slightly flexible handle – traditionally made of leather, but often now made of plastic – and moves the arm to make the hinged clapper strike the inside of the bell. An individual handbell can be used simply as
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provides a staccato sound similar to plucking or malleting on the table. This is often described as a "tinkling" sound. The bell is rung with a thumb and/or several fingers touching the outside below the rim; this damps the sound immediately after the bell is rung. This technique can often be easier
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is accomplished by rapidly ringing the bell back and forth so the clapper strikes the front and back of the casting in quick succession. This creates a continuous sound, as opposed to normal ringing in which the tone decays rapidly after sounding. Because of their size, bass bells are rarely shaken.
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Normal ringing technique only allows a ringer to ring two bells at a time, one in each hand. Depending on the number of bells needed for a particular piece and the number of ringers, it may be necessary for each ringer to ring more than two bells at a time or in short succession (four-in-hand) There
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technique creates a sustained pitch similar to the sound a wineglass makes as its rim is rubbed with a wet fingertip and is accomplished in much the same way. A short wooden dowel is touched to the outside of the rim of a handbell which is being held in the other hand. The dowel is then used to rub
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also creates a staccato tone and is accomplished by striking the bell into the foam in such a way that the clapper strikes the casting immediately after the bell strikes the foam. A variation called a "Mart Lift" is accomplished by lifting the bell off the table very soon after the clapper strikes.
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to rehearse outside their towers. Tower bell ringers' enthusiasm for practising the complicated algorithms of change ringing can easily exceed the neighbours' patience, so in the days before modern sound control handbells offered them a way to continue ringing without causing annoyance. It was also
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In the four-in-hand technique, the ringer hold two bells in one hand with the clappers at right angles to each other. This allows the ringer to either move the hand normally ("ring" – primary bell) or ring knuckles-first ("knock" – secondary bell) to ring two bells independently with the same hand
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In the United
Kingdom, there is a distinction between "American handbells" and "English handbells"; English handbells are traditional, with leather clapper heads and handles (such as the bells Whitechapel makes), while American handbells use modern materials, such as plastic and rubber, to produce
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to strike the casting of the bell. This can create a staccato tone when the casting is pressed into padding, a normal tone when the bell is suspended, or even a drum-roll effect when multiple mallets are used or multiple hits on the bell are played. Suspended malleting can be employed to create a
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Weaving is the technique of playing a succession of bells by changing which bell is in each hand as required. This is used by bass and solo or small-ensemble ringers. The large size and weight of bass bells makes four-in-hand ringing impractical and impossible, and often a solo or small-ensemble
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There are several ways to play six bells at a time (i.e., to ring three bells in each hand). One way is to pick two bells up as if one were
Shelley ringing, then pick the third up between one's little and ring fingers (a 'triple Shelley'). All three bells ring together when ringing in a knocking
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Shelley ringing is similar, except that the clappers are each orientated in the same direction, so that the two bells normally ring simultaneously with one movement. Shelley is typically used to ring notes in octaves, but can also be used to ring two notes separately by striking the primary bell
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Due to handbells' relative rarity outside of the confines of church services—although less so now than in the 1980s and early 1990s—the majority of pieces last approximately four minutes. A few composers and arrangers write longer and more intricate works; generally these pieces use handbells in
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is when the bell is rung and then swung down and a bit behind the ringer and back up to the normal position. This creates an "echo" effect. The mouth of the bell must rotate around to create the sound change that resembles a tower bell. Usually this is done over a period of three or four beats.
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The bells used in
American handbell choirs are almost always English handbells. "English handbells" is a reference to a specific type of handbells, not to the country of origin. While some American handbell choirs do use bells made in England, the majority play bells made either by Malmark
286:
as well as free sites from individual composers and arrangers. Costs associated with handbell music typically result from shipping (many scores are only published in hard-copy) and dissemination; as most scores do not permit duplication and must be purchased individually for each ringer.
329:). However some Newer Handbell music Published today specifies to play an Octave Lower than written (meaning Middle C sounds as C4 like on the Piano) if the composer wants a bit more of a Vocal Character out of the Handbells, or if the Handbells are being used to Accompany Vocal
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As to the relative merits of the two techniques, some believe that
Shelley ringing is rendered obsolete when four-in-hand is perfected, while others believe that the motion of the clappers in the same plane makes certain techniques more feasible, particularly shaking,
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more pleasant for the ringers to learn and practise in the warmth of the local pub rather than in a cold tower in winter. The handbell sets used by change ringers had the same number of bells as in the towers – generally six to twelve, tuned to a
394:(for a total of four bells when ringing with both hands). The two bells can also be played simultaneously by holding the wrist at a 45° angle. In large ensembles, four-in-hand is typically used to ring multiple positions or pick up accidentals.
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a standardized bell layout. It is used by many soloists. The notational symbol used for
Handbell Tree features a series of interlocking diagonal lines, one for each handbell. The pitch is placed at the lowest point of each diagonal line.
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Handbell choirs generally ring music composed or arranged specifically for handbells because of their highly resonant sound, the limited note range of a set, and the unique pitch-by-pitch division of the staff among the ringers.
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is a technique that involves holding the bell in a vertical position, then rotating it clockwise or counterclockwise slowly to create a small vibrating sound; this can also be done horizontally to push the sound outwards.
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There are other ways to play music besides traditional ringing. Other techniques include plucking, shaking (or trilling), table damping (or martellato), and malleting bells (on the table or suspended).
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The coordination of the ringers requires a different approach than other ensembles. All the ringers read from a score. This score is similar to a piano score, but with an additional convention: The C
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Handbells were first taken to the United States from
England by Margaret Shurcliff in 1902. She was presented with a set of 10 handbells in London by Arthur Hughes, the general manager of the
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boxes, but for reasons unknown they began tuning their bells more finely to have an accurate fundamental tone and fitted them with hinged clappers that moved only in one plane. A foundry in
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is accomplished by using the thumb and forefinger to force the clapper head into the casting while the bell is on the table with the handle toward the ringer, producing a
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Handheld bells have a long history. Credit for the development of the modern hand bell, or "handbell", is accorded to brothers Robert and
William Cor in
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technique adds a brief pulse of increased volume to a sustained note. This is accomplished by gently touching the rim of a vibrating bell to the table.
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318:, meaning that they "Speak" an Octave Higher than written (this is to help keep the notes Centered on the Staff), so a middle C bell is actually a
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and contains several bells that ring when the horse moves. For more information about the Cor brothers and a picture of a hame box, see
215:– focus on the overtone a minor 10th (an octave and a minor third) or a major 10th (an octave and a major third) above the fundamental.
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the same effect (such as those produced by
Malmark and Schulmerich). In America, however, they are all called English handbells.
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A handbell choir or ensemble (in the United States) or handbell team (in England) is a group that rings recognizable music with
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581:⨥ ("mallet with handbell on table", to use mallets to strike the casting of the bell on the table, creating a staccato effect).
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565:", to strike bell against padding of the table, pushing the casting firmly against padding as to quickly dampen sound)
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242:, as opposed to the mathematical permutations used in change ringing. The bells generally include all notes of the
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Ebling-Thorne, Kathy (September–October 1998), "Technique-ly Speaking: The Shake and The Trill – What a Thrill!",
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a signal to catch people's attention or summon them together, but handbells are also often heard in tuned sets.
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There are a number of abbreviations and notations used exclusively or almost exclusively in handbell music:
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BD ("brush damp", brushing the rim of the bell against the ringer's chest to cause a quick diminuendo) and
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There are several major publishers providing printed handbell music such as the Hope Publishing Company,
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SW ("swing", to play the bell in a normal position, swing it down to the waist, then bring it back up)
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The two major defining characteristics of English handbells are their clappers and ability to produce
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The modern handbell ensemble as an asset to new music: Expanding opportunities in extended technique
314:. (This formatting is not always the convention for solo and small-ensemble music.) Handbells are a
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Moore, Daniel K. (May–June 1998), "Technique-ly Speaking: The Basic Ringing Stroke/Shoulder Damp",
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578:("echo", ringing the bell and then touching it very briefly to the table, creating an echo effect).
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Allured, Don (May–June 1999), "Technique-ly Speaking: The Weave and Other Multiple Bell Doings",
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Frier, Louise (September–October 1999), "Technique-ly Speaking: Malleting Suspended Handbells",
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Handbell techniques have changed very much over the years. Donald Allured, founding director of
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Handbells can weigh as little as 7 oz (200 g) or upwards of 18 lb (8.2 kg).
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or "Tenor High C". (For simplicity, the bell would still always be referred to as middle C or C
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Originally, tuned sets of handbells, such as the ones made by the Cor brothers, were used by
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Bullen, Nigel (March–April 1998), "Researching the History of Handbells: In the Beginning",
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There are two main ways of ringing two handbells with one hand: four-in-hand and Shelley.
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TD ("thumb damp", ringing the bell with a thumb on the casting to create a staccato note)
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A suspended mallet roll is usually played if a shaking sound is desired on a bass bell.
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Leonard, Karen E. (September–October 2000), "Technique-ly Speaking: Shelley Ringing",
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PL ("pluck", which means to throw down the clapper while the bell lies on the table)
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to resonate, decaying naturally until it stops completely or the ringer stops it by
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Markey, Willard H. (May–June 1997), "More History?: From Hame Boxes to Handbells",
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sideways and the secondary bell forward in an action like tapping the fingers.
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the rim in a circular motion. The Singing Bell technique is adapted from the "
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258:), the sets are often larger, ranging up to an eight-octave set (97 bells, C
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within the range of the set. While a smaller group uses only 25 bells (two
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This creates a staccato tone followed by a softened sounding of the bell.
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are also many techniques that change the sound of the bell as it is rung.
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involves using one of several types of rubber, plastic, or yarn-wrapped
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790:"Historical Loughborough bell foundry gets ÂŁ3.45m lottery grant"
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shaking the bell continuously during the duration of the note)
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bell tree which allows many bells to be played by one ringer.
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above middle C and all notes above are always written in the
140:, Leicestershire, that originated in the 14th century became
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the bell with a hand or on the body or a padded surface.
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540:" or "let vibrate", similar to a piano's sustain pedal)
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kingsbur/articulations.html
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kingsbur/articulations.html
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A hame box is a device that attaches to the top of a
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The Early Medieval Hand-bells of Ireland and Britain
1212:. Belltrees and More, Inc. 2009–2010. Archived from
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R ("ring", regular ringing or meaning to end the LV)
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2498:
985:The American Guild of English Handbell Ringers,
770:A Brief History of The Aldbourne Bell Foundries
524:than plucking or malleting with smaller bells.
300:and all notes below are always written in the
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1733:
1333:
1143:
1081:"Handbell Notation Symbols & Definitions"
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1238:. choraegus. 31 January 2011. Archived from
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1672:Classification of percussion instruments
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344:Hand bells hung chromatically from stand
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386:Performance with four-in-hand technique
333:in order to not overpower the singers.
179:Two English handbells, manufactured by
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1362:List of percussion instruments by type
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837:
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2452:Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg
1721:
1321:
1105:
998:
970:
807:
736:
348:
2446:Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers
440:Various kinds of mallets by Malmark.
337:combination with other instruments.
909:"Handbell Weights and Measurements"
431:
13:
1182:Tipton, Nancy (6 September 2011).
1037:Anderson, Christine (2000-01-14).
816:
202:
14:
2543:
1289:Handbell Ringers of Great Britain
1282:
819:"The History of Handbell Ringing"
1702:List of vibraphone manufacturers
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25:
16:Bell designed to be rung by hand
2512:European percussion instruments
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1202:
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987:Handbell and Handchime Notation
949:
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881:Collins, Irma H. (2013-10-18).
52:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
2532:Pitched percussion instruments
1358:List of percussion instruments
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874:
850:
831:
782:
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363:Westminster Concert Bell Choir
221:
170:
1:
2478:Freedom Bell, American Legion
2054:Russian Orthodox bell ringing
1707:List of timpani manufacturers
1697:List of marimba manufacturers
1294:Handbell Musicians of America
884:Dictionary of Music Education
702:Guebert, Alexander M (2014).
688:
656:
377:
2457:Liberty Bell Memorial Museum
2183:Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris
1687:List of cymbal manufacturers
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7:
2392:Saarlouiser GlockengieĂźerei
1997:
1968:
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1900:
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527:
10:
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2527:Idiophones struck directly
2317:Pieter and François Hemony
1692:List of drum manufacturers
1641:Indoor percussion ensemble
1271:. Dublin: Wordwell, 2022.
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956:Schmidt-Jones, Catherine.
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958:"Transposing Instruments"
230:Handbell choir practicing
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2387:John and William Rufford
2143:Great Bell of Dhammazedi
1039:"Multiple Bells In-Hand"
858:"The Great Handbell War"
634:
369:Multiple-bell techniques
269:
181:Whitechapel Bell Foundry
161:Whitechapel Bell Foundry
1134:. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
668:Dorothy Shaw Bell Choir
640:Composers and arrangers
58:(Sets of clapper bells)
2467:National Bell Festival
2297:Gillett & Johnston
2193:
2128:Bell of King Seongdeok
2113:List of heaviest bells
2090:Bolognese bell ringing
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1790:Bell tower / Campanile
1349:Percussion instruments
663:Bells on Temple Square
441:
387:
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316:transposing instrument
280:The Lorenz Corporation
231:
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66:Robert and William Cor
2472:Ringing organizations
2095:Veronese bell ringing
1592:Electronic percussion
1236:"Barbara Brocker Bio"
439:
385:
343:
229:
178:
35:Percussion instrument
2362:GlockengieĂźerei Otto
2327:Franciscus Illenfeld
1619:Percussion groupings
1469:Unpitched percussion
187:Bellcraftsmen or by
142:John Taylor & Co
2462:Liberty Bell Museum
2372:Petit & Fritsen
2158:Japanese Peace Bell
2068:Full circle ringing
2049:Ellacombe apparatus
1651:Percussion ensemble
1631:Marching percussion
1379:Keyboard percussion
1216:on 9 September 2011
1172:, accessed 10/09/09
887:. Scarecrow Press.
678:The Raleigh Ringers
213:Petit & Fritsen
80:Related instruments
21:
2507:Bells (percussion)
2322:Christopher Hodson
1646:Percussion section
1370:Pitched percussion
1168:2009-08-10 at the
1130:2009-08-10 at the
775:2009-08-25 at the
683:CPU Handbell Choir
673:Pikes Peak Ringers
442:
388:
349:Ringing techniques
346:
232:
184:
19:
2522:Struck idiophones
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2493:
2225:World Peace Bells
2123:Bell of Good Luck
1715:
1714:
1682:Percussion mallet
1463:
1462:
1308:Schulmerich Bells
1277:978-0-9017-7788-1
933:"Handbell Repair"
894:978-0-8108-8652-0
713:978-1-303-98469-3
646:Cynthia Dobrinski
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2287:Kashpir Ganusov
2282:Royal Eijsbouts
2257:
2247:
2241:
2237:Yongle Big Bell
2118:Balangiga bells
2101:
2015:
1849:
1757:
1756:Background and
1751:
1746:
1716:
1711:
1660:
1614:
1605:Electronic drum
1586:
1459:
1426:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1346:
1285:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1180:
1176:
1170:Wayback Machine
1161:
1157:
1142:
1138:
1132:Wayback Machine
1123:
1119:
1104:
1100:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1071:
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1052:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1016:
1012:
997:
993:
984:
971:
962:
960:
954:
950:
941:
939:
931:
930:
926:
917:
915:
907:
906:
902:
895:
879:
875:
866:
864:
856:
855:
851:
836:
832:
823:
821:
815:
808:
799:
797:
788:
787:
783:
777:Wayback Machine
763:
759:
744:
737:
714:
700:
696:
691:
659:
642:
637:
600:
591:
575:
530:
505:" tradition of
434:
425:
416:
380:
371:
351:
328:
323:
306:
305:
292:
291:
272:
265:
261:
257:
253:
244:chromatic scale
224:
205:
203:Characteristics
173:
118:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:Richard Phelps
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:Andrey Chokhov
2269:
2264:
2251:
2249:
2246:Bell founders
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2202:Sigismund Bell
2199:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2173:Maria Gloriosa
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2083:Method ringing
2080:
2073:Change ringing
2065:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2037:
2032:
2023:
2021:
2020:Ringing styles
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1897:
1892:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1840:Striking clock
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1636:Front ensemble
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
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1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1465:
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1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1296:
1291:
1284:
1283:External links
1281:
1280:
1279:
1265:Bourke, Cormac
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1242:on May 5, 2014
1227:
1201:
1190:(Mailing list)
1188:emp-handbell-l
1174:
1155:
1136:
1117:
1098:
1085:Handbell World
1069:
1050:
1029:
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991:
969:
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924:
913:www.olypen.com
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651:H. Dean Wagner
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538:laissez vibrer
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154:diatonic scale
149:change ringers
117:
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99:
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91:
83:
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42:Classification
38:
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31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2544:
2533:
2530:
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2525:
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2513:
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2504:
2502:
2487:
2486:
2485:All the Bells
2482:
2480:
2479:
2475:
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2470:
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2460:
2458:
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2440:
2436:
2430:
2429:Geert van Wou
2427:
2425:
2422:
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2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Bilbie family
2265:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:and foundries
2244:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
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2223:
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2216:
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2200:
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2159:
2156:
2154:
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2149:
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2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:Notable bells
2104:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2011:Tubular bells
2009:
2007:
2006:Tintinnabulum
2004:
2001:
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1992:Standing bell
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1859:
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1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:Ring of bells
1828:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
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1598:
1597:
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1583:
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1570:
1568:
1567:Temple blocks
1565:
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1560:
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1500:
1498:
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1478:
1475:
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1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Tubular bells
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
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1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
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1376:
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1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:Malmark Bells
1311:
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1297:
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1286:
1278:
1274:
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1262:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1215:
1211:
1210:"The Founder"
1205:
1189:
1185:
1184:"proper term"
1178:
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928:
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845:
841:
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817:Theile, Ron.
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811:
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589:Handbell tree
583:
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558:
555:
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546:SK ("shake",
545:
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32:
28:
23:
2483:
2476:
2444:
2292:Vanden Gheyn
2212:
2195:Petersglocke
2188:Olympic Bell
2168:Liberty Bell
2163:Justice Bell
2138:Freedom Bell
2078:Call changes
1987:Servant bell
1957:
1895:Bicycle bell
1785:Bell pattern
1775:Bellfounding
1600:Drum machine
1434:
1397:Glockenspiel
1268:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:the original
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1187:
1177:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1120:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1042:. Retrieved
1032:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1004:
1000:
994:
989:. AGEHR 2010
986:
961:. Retrieved
951:
940:. Retrieved
936:
927:
916:. Retrieved
912:
903:
883:
876:
865:. Retrieved
861:
852:
843:
839:
833:
822:. Retrieved
798:. Retrieved
796:. 2020-12-19
793:
784:
766:horse collar
760:
751:
747:
703:
697:
592:
560:
547:
537:
531:
520:
519:
513:
511:
503:Singing Bowl
498:singing bell
497:
495:
489:
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479:
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460:
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453:
448:
447:
443:
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396:
392:
389:
372:
360:
352:
335:
289:
284:Alfred Music
277:
273:
233:
217:
206:
197:
193:Pennsylvania
185:
167:in one day.
158:
146:
138:Loughborough
119:
104:
102:
2424:Whitechapel
2400: [
2357:Olsen Nauen
2352:John Murphy
2307:Miles Graye
2258: [
2213:Temple Bell
2178:Mingun Bell
1982:Ship's bell
1963:Jingle bell
1929:Crotal bell
1919:Church bell
1835:Strike tone
1815:Campanology
1800:Bell shrine
1795:Bell-ringer
1758:terminology
1656:Drum circle
1220:7 September
1194:7 September
614:Campanology
609:Belleplates
604:Bell shrine
514:tower swing
312:treble clef
304:, and the D
222:Performance
189:Schulmerich
171:Terminology
63:Inventor(s)
56:111.242.222
2501:Categories
2414:Hugh Watts
2207:Swan Bells
1866:Altar bell
1780:Bell-gable
1677:Drum stick
1582:Wood block
1557:Tambourine
1547:Snare drum
1417:Vibraphone
1114:(5): 14–16
1090:24 October
1066:(3): 41–44
1044:2009-08-13
1026:(5): 13–14
1007:(3): 10–11
963:2008-03-08
942:2023-11-23
918:2017-12-25
867:2017-12-25
846:(2): 37–38
824:2009-08-13
800:2022-05-01
754:(3): 36–37
730:1550893039
706:(Thesis).
689:References
657:Performers
562:martellato
521:Thumb damp
473:Martellato
404:martellato
378:Four bells
132:bells for
46:Percussion
2397:Schilling
2337:Marinelli
2302:Grassmayr
2255:Bergholtz
2220:Tsar Bell
2148:Great Tom
2059:Blagovest
1977:Mini-ring
1934:Dead bell
1909:Call bell
1888:Bianzhong
1881:Bell tree
1845:Zvonnitsa
1537:Mark tree
1502:Castanets
1477:Bass drum
1422:Xylophone
1407:Tubaphone
1152:(5): 9–10
1146:Overtones
1108:Overtones
1060:Overtones
1020:Overtones
1001:Overtones
840:Overtones
748:Overtones
722:886962867
624:Dead bell
619:Handchime
462:Malleting
414:Six bells
302:bass clef
209:overtones
144:in 1784.
126:Wiltshire
122:Aldbourne
94:Handchime
74:1696–1724
71:Developed
2230:Kentucky
2215:(Boston)
2030:Carillon
2026:Chiming
1958:Handbell
1939:Doorbell
1914:Cat bell
1876:Babendil
1871:Aluphone
1770:Bell-cot
1626:Drum kit
1577:Triangle
1572:Timbales
1445:Steelpan
1435:Handbell
1392:Crotales
1387:Carillon
1299:Handbell
1166:Archived
1128:Archived
794:BBC News
773:Archived
726:ProQuest
629:Angklung
598:See also
528:Notation
484:staccato
480:Plucking
307:♭
298:middle C
293:♯
236:melodies
105:handbell
20:Handbell
2438:Related
2382:Rudhall
2367:Paccard
2347:Meneely
2342:McShane
2332:Juutila
2133:Big Ben
2042:Canpanò
1924:Cowbell
1810:Bourdon
1610:Octapad
1562:Tam-tam
1532:Maracas
1522:Cymbals
1517:Cowbell
1482:Bodhrán
1455:Timpani
1440:Handpan
1402:Marimba
1259:Sources
862:NPR.org
490:Shaking
423:Weaving
408:vibrato
356:damping
248:octaves
240:harmony
116:History
2419:Warner
2409:Taylor
2277:Cockey
1953:Ghanta
1946:DĹŤtaku
1902:BonshĹŤ
1805:Belfry
1527:Djembe
1507:Claves
1492:Cabasa
1487:Bongos
1303:Curlie
1275:
891:
728:
720:
710:
486:tone.
466:mallet
331:Choirs
296:above
130:latten
2404:]
2312:Hatch
2262:]
2035:Chime
1861:AgogĂ´
1854:Types
1819:index
1749:Bells
1665:Other
1552:Taiko
1542:Parai
1512:Conga
1497:CajĂłn
1450:Tabla
1246:3 May
635:Other
574:↑ or
536:LV ("
507:Tibet
270:Music
165:peals
107:is a
1999:Suzu
1970:Kane
1825:Peal
1765:Bell
1273:ISBN
1248:2014
1222:2011
1196:2011
1092:2015
889:ISBN
718:OCLC
708:ISBN
559:â–Ľ ("
548:i.e.
496:The
455:Gyro
449:Echo
406:and
282:and
238:and
134:hame
109:bell
89:Bell
1301:at
250:, G
2503::
2402:de
2260:sv
1267:.
1186:.
1150:44
1148:,
1112:45
1110:,
1083:.
1072:^
1064:45
1062:,
1024:46
1022:,
1005:44
1003:,
972:^
935:.
911:.
860:.
844:44
842:,
809:^
792:.
752:43
750:,
738:^
724:.
716:.
512:A
509:.
410:.
262:–C
254:–G
195:.
156:.
124:,
103:A
1821:)
1817:(
1741:e
1734:t
1727:v
1341:e
1334:t
1327:v
1250:.
1224:.
1198:.
1096:.
1094:.
1047:.
966:.
945:.
921:.
897:.
870:.
827:.
803:.
779:.
732:.
576:↪
327:5
322:5
320:C
264:9
260:1
256:6
252:4
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