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ringer will need to move up and down a range of bells, possibly sharing them with others. This technique means more than two bells can be rung in short succession, using the table to damp and free the hand to pick up the next bell. If the ringing sequence requires bells to be rung in tonal order, this technique often results in a weaving pattern as the ringer must often reach across their body for the next bell. Weaving can also be used in combination with the four-in-hand in a technique called "traveling four-in-hand". By combining the ability to hold two bells in each hand with the ability to quickly drop and pick up the secondary bell of a four-in-hand, a ringer has quick access to several bells.
222:. The clapper on an English handbell is on a hinge and moves back and forth in a single direction, unlike a school bell in which the clapper swings freely in any direction. It also has a spring that holds the clapper away from the casting after the strike to allow the bell to ring freely. Furthermore, the shaft of the clapper is rigid, such that the bell may be held with its mouth facing upward. The overtones on an English handbell are a 12th (an octave and a perfect fifth) above the fundamental, while Dutch handbells – such as
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motion. A second way is to pick up the third bell sideways so the clapper swings outward. Ringers with good control can then ring the first bell without ringing the third, allowing them to play three notes in two hands. Another method, called interlocked six-in-hand, can be set up by interlocking the handles of two bells so that the clappers move in the same direction (similar to the
Shelley technique), rotating a third bell, and inserting it between the other two.
187:
277:). The bells are typically arranged chromatically on foam-covered tables; these tables protect the bronze surface of the bell, as well as keep the bells from rolling when placed on their sides. Unlike an orchestra or choir in which each musician is responsible for one line of the texture, a handbell ensemble acts as one instrument, with each musician responsible for particular notes, sounding their assigned bells whenever those notes appear in the music.
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376:, is credited with fully realizing an American off-the-table style of ringing that includes many non-ringing sound effects including stopped techniques such as plucking the clapper with the bell on the table. He is also credited for promoting precise damping or stopping of the sound by touching the bell to a soft surface, in the service of more musical results.
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Handbells can be played as a handbell tree where the handles are interlaced within each other, allowing multiple bells to be played with mallets to obtain an undamped sound. This performance technique was invented by Louise Frier in the 1980s. It was further developed by
Barbara Brocker who developed
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To ring a handbell, the ringer moves it in such a way that the clapper strikes the inside surface of the bell, usually holding it against their shoulder, bell upwards, and then swinging the bell through an elliptical shape to cause the clapper to strike the casting. The tone of the bell will continue
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designed to be rung by hand. To ring a handbell, a ringer grasps the bell by its slightly flexible handle – traditionally made of leather, but often now made of plastic – and moves the arm to make the hinged clapper strike the inside of the bell. An individual handbell can be used simply as
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provides a staccato sound similar to plucking or malleting on the table. This is often described as a "tinkling" sound. The bell is rung with a thumb and/or several fingers touching the outside below the rim; this damps the sound immediately after the bell is rung. This technique can often be easier
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is accomplished by rapidly ringing the bell back and forth so the clapper strikes the front and back of the casting in quick succession. This creates a continuous sound, as opposed to normal ringing in which the tone decays rapidly after sounding. Because of their size, bass bells are rarely shaken.
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Normal ringing technique only allows a ringer to ring two bells at a time, one in each hand. Depending on the number of bells needed for a particular piece and the number of ringers, it may be necessary for each ringer to ring more than two bells at a time or in short succession (four-in-hand) There
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technique creates a sustained pitch similar to the sound a wineglass makes as its rim is rubbed with a wet fingertip and is accomplished in much the same way. A short wooden dowel is touched to the outside of the rim of a handbell which is being held in the other hand. The dowel is then used to rub
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also creates a staccato tone and is accomplished by striking the bell into the foam in such a way that the clapper strikes the casting immediately after the bell strikes the foam. A variation called a "Mart Lift" is accomplished by lifting the bell off the table very soon after the clapper strikes.
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to rehearse outside their towers. Tower bell ringers' enthusiasm for practising the complicated algorithms of change ringing can easily exceed the neighbours' patience, so in the days before modern sound control handbells offered them a way to continue ringing without causing annoyance. It was also
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In the four-in-hand technique, the ringer hold two bells in one hand with the clappers at right angles to each other. This allows the ringer to either move the hand normally ("ring" – primary bell) or ring knuckles-first ("knock" – secondary bell) to ring two bells independently with the same hand
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In the United
Kingdom, there is a distinction between "American handbells" and "English handbells"; English handbells are traditional, with leather clapper heads and handles (such as the bells Whitechapel makes), while American handbells use modern materials, such as plastic and rubber, to produce
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to strike the casting of the bell. This can create a staccato tone when the casting is pressed into padding, a normal tone when the bell is suspended, or even a drum-roll effect when multiple mallets are used or multiple hits on the bell are played. Suspended malleting can be employed to create a
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Weaving is the technique of playing a succession of bells by changing which bell is in each hand as required. This is used by bass and solo or small-ensemble ringers. The large size and weight of bass bells makes four-in-hand ringing impractical and impossible, and often a solo or small-ensemble
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There are several ways to play six bells at a time (i.e., to ring three bells in each hand). One way is to pick two bells up as if one were
Shelley ringing, then pick the third up between one's little and ring fingers (a 'triple Shelley'). All three bells ring together when ringing in a knocking
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Shelley ringing is similar, except that the clappers are each orientated in the same direction, so that the two bells normally ring simultaneously with one movement. Shelley is typically used to ring notes in octaves, but can also be used to ring two notes separately by striking the primary bell
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Due to handbells' relative rarity outside of the confines of church services—although less so now than in the 1980s and early 1990s—the majority of pieces last approximately four minutes. A few composers and arrangers write longer and more intricate works; generally these pieces use handbells in
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is when the bell is rung and then swung down and a bit behind the ringer and back up to the normal position. This creates an "echo" effect. The mouth of the bell must rotate around to create the sound change that resembles a tower bell. Usually this is done over a period of three or four beats.
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The bells used in
American handbell choirs are almost always English handbells. "English handbells" is a reference to a specific type of handbells, not to the country of origin. While some American handbell choirs do use bells made in England, the majority play bells made either by Malmark
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as well as free sites from individual composers and arrangers. Costs associated with handbell music typically result from shipping (many scores are only published in hard-copy) and dissemination; as most scores do not permit duplication and must be purchased individually for each ringer.
340:). However some Newer Handbell music Published today specifies to play an Octave Lower than written (meaning Middle C sounds as C4 like on the Piano) if the composer wants a bit more of a Vocal Character out of the Handbells, or if the Handbells are being used to Accompany Vocal
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As to the relative merits of the two techniques, some believe that
Shelley ringing is rendered obsolete when four-in-hand is perfected, while others believe that the motion of the clappers in the same plane makes certain techniques more feasible, particularly shaking,
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more pleasant for the ringers to learn and practise in the warmth of the local pub rather than in a cold tower in winter. The handbell sets used by change ringers had the same number of bells as in the towers – generally six to twelve, tuned to a
405:(for a total of four bells when ringing with both hands). The two bells can also be played simultaneously by holding the wrist at a 45° angle. In large ensembles, four-in-hand is typically used to ring multiple positions or pick up accidentals.
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a standardized bell layout. It is used by many soloists. The notational symbol used for
Handbell Tree features a series of interlocking diagonal lines, one for each handbell. The pitch is placed at the lowest point of each diagonal line.
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Handbell choirs generally ring music composed or arranged specifically for handbells because of their highly resonant sound, the limited note range of a set, and the unique pitch-by-pitch division of the staff among the ringers.
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is a technique that involves holding the bell in a vertical position, then rotating it clockwise or counterclockwise slowly to create a small vibrating sound; this can also be done horizontally to push the sound outwards.
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There are other ways to play music besides traditional ringing. Other techniques include plucking, shaking (or trilling), table damping (or martellato), and malleting bells (on the table or suspended).
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The coordination of the ringers requires a different approach than other ensembles. All the ringers read from a score. This score is similar to a piano score, but with an additional convention: The C
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Handbells were first taken to the United States from
England by Margaret Shurcliff in 1902. She was presented with a set of 10 handbells in London by Arthur Hughes, the general manager of the
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boxes, but for reasons unknown they began tuning their bells more finely to have an accurate fundamental tone and fitted them with hinged clappers that moved only in one plane. A foundry in
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is accomplished by using the thumb and forefinger to force the clapper head into the casting while the bell is on the table with the handle toward the ringer, producing a
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595:+ ("mallet on suspended handbell", to hold the bell upright and strike the casting with a mallet, creating the same sound as a normal ring albeit a softer strike).
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Handheld bells have a long history. Credit for the development of the modern hand bell, or "handbell", is accorded to brothers Robert and
William Cor in
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technique adds a brief pulse of increased volume to a sustained note. This is accomplished by gently touching the rim of a vibrating bell to the table.
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and contains several bells that ring when the horse moves. For more information about the Cor brothers and a picture of a hame box, see
226:– focus on the overtone a minor 10th (an octave and a minor third) or a major 10th (an octave and a major third) above the fundamental.
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the same effect (such as those produced by
Malmark and Schulmerich). In America, however, they are all called English handbells.
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A handbell choir or ensemble (in the United States) or handbell team (in England) is a group that rings recognizable music with
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592:⨥ ("mallet with handbell on table", to use mallets to strike the casting of the bell on the table, creating a staccato effect).
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576:", to strike bell against padding of the table, pushing the casting firmly against padding as to quickly dampen sound)
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253:, as opposed to the mathematical permutations used in change ringing. The bells generally include all notes of the
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Ebling-Thorne, Kathy (September–October 1998), "Technique-ly Speaking: The Shake and The Trill – What a Thrill!",
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a signal to catch people's attention or summon them together, but handbells are also often heard in tuned sets.
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There are a number of abbreviations and notations used exclusively or almost exclusively in handbell music:
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BD ("brush damp", brushing the rim of the bell against the ringer's chest to cause a quick diminuendo) and
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There are several major publishers providing printed handbell music such as the Hope Publishing Company,
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SW ("swing", to play the bell in a normal position, swing it down to the waist, then bring it back up)
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The two major defining characteristics of English handbells are their clappers and ability to produce
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The modern handbell ensemble as an asset to new music: Expanding opportunities in extended technique
325:. (This formatting is not always the convention for solo and small-ensemble music.) Handbells are a
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Moore, Daniel K. (May–June 1998), "Technique-ly Speaking: The Basic Ringing Stroke/Shoulder Damp",
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589:("echo", ringing the bell and then touching it very briefly to the table, creating an echo effect).
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Allured, Don (May–June 1999), "Technique-ly Speaking: The Weave and Other Multiple Bell Doings",
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Frier, Louise (September–October 1999), "Technique-ly Speaking: Malleting Suspended Handbells",
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Handbell techniques have changed very much over the years. Donald Allured, founding director of
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Handbells can weigh as little as 7 oz (200 g) or upwards of 18 lb (8.2 kg).
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or "Tenor High C". (For simplicity, the bell would still always be referred to as middle C or C
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Originally, tuned sets of handbells, such as the ones made by the Cor brothers, were used by
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Bullen, Nigel (March–April 1998), "Researching the History of Handbells: In the Beginning",
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There are two main ways of ringing two handbells with one hand: four-in-hand and Shelley.
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TD ("thumb damp", ringing the bell with a thumb on the casting to create a staccato note)
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A suspended mallet roll is usually played if a shaking sound is desired on a bass bell.
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Leonard, Karen E. (September–October 2000), "Technique-ly Speaking: Shelley Ringing",
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PL ("pluck", which means to throw down the clapper while the bell lies on the table)
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to resonate, decaying naturally until it stops completely or the ringer stops it by
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Markey, Willard H. (May–June 1997), "More History?: From Hame Boxes to Handbells",
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sideways and the secondary bell forward in an action like tapping the fingers.
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the rim in a circular motion. The Singing Bell technique is adapted from the "
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269:), the sets are often larger, ranging up to an eight-octave set (97 bells, C
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within the range of the set. While a smaller group uses only 25 bells (two
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This creates a staccato tone followed by a softened sounding of the bell.
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are also many techniques that change the sound of the bell as it is rung.
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involves using one of several types of rubber, plastic, or yarn-wrapped
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801:"Historical Loughborough bell foundry gets ÂŁ3.45m lottery grant"
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shaking the bell continuously during the duration of the note)
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bell tree which allows many bells to be played by one ringer.
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above middle C and all notes above are always written in the
151:, Leicestershire, that originated in the 14th century became
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the bell with a hand or on the body or a padded surface.
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551:" or "let vibrate", similar to a piano's sustain pedal)
2007:
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kingsbur/articulations.html
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kingsbur/articulations.html
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A hame box is a device that attaches to the top of a
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The Early Medieval Hand-bells of Ireland and Britain
1223:. Belltrees and More, Inc. 2009–2010. Archived from
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R ("ring", regular ringing or meaning to end the LV)
1388:
2509:
996:The American Guild of English Handbell Ringers,
781:A Brief History of The Aldbourne Bell Foundries
535:than plucking or malleting with smaller bells.
311:and all notes below are always written in the
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1744:
1344:
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1092:"Handbell Notation Symbols & Definitions"
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1249:. choraegus. 31 January 2011. Archived from
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1683:Classification of percussion instruments
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355:Hand bells hung chromatically from stand
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397:Performance with four-in-hand technique
344:in order to not overpower the singers.
190:Two English handbells, manufactured by
14:
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1373:List of percussion instruments by type
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848:
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2463:Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg
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1009:
981:
818:
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359:
2457:Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers
451:Various kinds of mallets by Malmark.
348:combination with other instruments.
920:"Handbell Weights and Measurements"
442:
24:
1193:Tipton, Nancy (6 September 2011).
1048:Anderson, Christine (2000-01-14).
827:
213:
25:
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1300:Handbell Ringers of Great Britain
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830:"The History of Handbell Ringing"
1713:List of vibraphone manufacturers
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27:Bell designed to be rung by hand
2523:European percussion instruments
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998:Handbell and Handchime Notation
960:
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892:Collins, Irma H. (2013-10-18).
63:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
2543:Pitched percussion instruments
1369:List of percussion instruments
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842:
793:
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374:Westminster Concert Bell Choir
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13:
1:
2489:Freedom Bell, American Legion
2065:Russian Orthodox bell ringing
1718:List of timpani manufacturers
1708:List of marimba manufacturers
1305:Handbell Musicians of America
895:Dictionary of Music Education
713:Guebert, Alexander M (2014).
699:
667:
388:
2468:Liberty Bell Memorial Museum
2194:Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris
1698:List of cymbal manufacturers
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7:
2403:Saarlouiser GlockengieĂźerei
2008:
1979:
1955:
1911:
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10:
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2538:Idiophones struck directly
2328:Pieter and François Hemony
1703:List of drum manufacturers
1652:Indoor percussion ensemble
1282:. Dublin: Wordwell, 2022.
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967:Schmidt-Jones, Catherine.
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2164:Ivan the Great Bell Tower
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969:"Transposing Instruments"
241:Handbell choir practicing
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2398:John and William Rufford
2154:Great Bell of Dhammazedi
1050:"Multiple Bells In-Hand"
869:"The Great Handbell War"
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380:Multiple-bell techniques
280:
192:Whitechapel Bell Foundry
172:Whitechapel Bell Foundry
1145:. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
679:Dorothy Shaw Bell Choir
651:Composers and arrangers
69:(Sets of clapper bells)
2478:National Bell Festival
2308:Gillett & Johnston
2204:
2139:Bell of King Seongdeok
2124:List of heaviest bells
2101:Bolognese bell ringing
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1801:Bell tower / Campanile
1360:Percussion instruments
674:Bells on Temple Square
452:
398:
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327:transposing instrument
291:The Lorenz Corporation
242:
194:
77:Robert and William Cor
2483:Ringing organizations
2106:Veronese bell ringing
1603:Electronic percussion
1247:"Barbara Brocker Bio"
450:
396:
354:
240:
189:
46:Percussion instrument
2373:GlockengieĂźerei Otto
2338:Franciscus Illenfeld
1630:Percussion groupings
1480:Unpitched percussion
198:Bellcraftsmen or by
153:John Taylor & Co
2473:Liberty Bell Museum
2383:Petit & Fritsen
2169:Japanese Peace Bell
2079:Full circle ringing
2060:Ellacombe apparatus
1662:Percussion ensemble
1642:Marching percussion
1390:Keyboard percussion
1227:on 9 September 2011
1183:, accessed 10/09/09
898:. Scarecrow Press.
689:The Raleigh Ringers
224:Petit & Fritsen
91:Related instruments
32:
2518:Bells (percussion)
2333:Christopher Hodson
1657:Percussion section
1381:Pitched percussion
1179:2009-08-10 at the
1141:2009-08-10 at the
786:2009-08-25 at the
694:CPU Handbell Choir
684:Pikes Peak Ringers
453:
399:
360:Ringing techniques
357:
243:
195:
30:
2533:Struck idiophones
2505:
2504:
2236:World Peace Bells
2134:Bell of Good Luck
1726:
1725:
1693:Percussion mallet
1474:
1473:
1319:Schulmerich Bells
1288:978-0-9017-7788-1
944:"Handbell Repair"
905:978-0-8108-8652-0
724:978-1-303-98469-3
657:Cynthia Dobrinski
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16:(Redirected from
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2528:Hand percussion
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2444:
2410:
2298:Kashpir Ganusov
2293:Royal Eijsbouts
2268:
2258:
2252:
2248:Yongle Big Bell
2129:Balangiga bells
2112:
2026:
1860:
1768:
1767:Background and
1762:
1757:
1727:
1722:
1671:
1625:
1616:Electronic drum
1597:
1470:
1437:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1357:
1296:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1191:
1187:
1181:Wayback Machine
1172:
1168:
1153:
1149:
1143:Wayback Machine
1134:
1130:
1115:
1111:
1100:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1027:
1023:
1008:
1004:
995:
982:
973:
971:
965:
961:
952:
950:
942:
941:
937:
928:
926:
918:
917:
913:
906:
890:
886:
877:
875:
867:
866:
862:
847:
843:
834:
832:
826:
819:
810:
808:
799:
798:
794:
788:Wayback Machine
774:
770:
755:
748:
725:
711:
707:
702:
670:
653:
648:
611:
602:
586:
541:
516:" tradition of
445:
436:
427:
391:
382:
362:
339:
334:
317:
316:
303:
302:
283:
276:
272:
268:
264:
255:chromatic scale
235:
216:
214:Characteristics
184:
129:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2556:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:Richard Phelps
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:Andrey Chokhov
2280:
2275:
2262:
2260:
2257:Bell founders
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2213:Sigismund Bell
2210:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Maria Gloriosa
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2094:Method ringing
2091:
2084:Change ringing
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2057:
2048:
2043:
2034:
2032:
2031:Ringing styles
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1908:
1903:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1851:Striking clock
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:Front ensemble
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1294:External links
1292:
1291:
1290:
1276:Bourke, Cormac
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1253:on May 5, 2014
1238:
1212:
1201:(Mailing list)
1199:emp-handbell-l
1185:
1166:
1147:
1128:
1109:
1096:Handbell World
1080:
1061:
1040:
1021:
1002:
980:
959:
935:
924:www.olypen.com
911:
904:
884:
860:
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768:
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723:
704:
703:
701:
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686:
681:
676:
669:
666:
665:
664:
662:H. Dean Wagner
659:
652:
649:
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642:
637:
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610:
607:
601:
598:
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583:
580:
577:
568:
565:
562:
555:
552:
549:laissez vibrer
540:
537:
444:
441:
435:
432:
426:
423:
390:
387:
381:
378:
361:
358:
337:
332:
282:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
234:
231:
215:
212:
183:
180:
165:diatonic scale
160:change ringers
128:
125:
110:
109:
108:
107:
102:
94:
93:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
59:
58:
55:
53:Classification
49:
48:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2555:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2497:
2496:All the Bells
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2440:Geert van Wou
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Bilbie family
2276:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:and foundries
2255:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:Notable bells
2115:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2022:Tubular bells
2020:
2018:
2017:Tintinnabulum
2015:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2003:Standing bell
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Ring of bells
1839:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1578:Temple blocks
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:Tubular bells
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1324:Malmark Bells
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1226:
1222:
1221:"The Founder"
1216:
1200:
1196:
1195:"proper term"
1189:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1006:
999:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
970:
963:
949:
945:
939:
925:
921:
915:
907:
901:
897:
896:
888:
874:
870:
864:
856:
852:
845:
831:
828:Theile, Ron.
824:
822:
806:
802:
796:
789:
785:
782:
778:
772:
764:
760:
753:
751:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
720:
716:
709:
705:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
606:
600:Handbell tree
594:
591:
584:
581:
578:
575:
574:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:SK ("shake",
556:
553:
550:
546:
545:
544:
536:
533:
529:
526:
521:
519:
515:
510:
505:
502:
498:
496:
492:
488:
485:
481:
478:
474:
470:
467:
463:
461:
457:
449:
440:
431:
422:
420:
416:
410:
406:
402:
395:
386:
377:
375:
370:
368:
353:
349:
345:
343:
335:
328:
324:
314:
310:
299:
296:
292:
287:
278:
260:
256:
252:
248:
239:
230:
227:
225:
221:
211:
207:
205:
201:
193:
188:
179:
177:
173:
168:
166:
161:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
124:
121:
117:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
66:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
2494:
2487:
2455:
2303:Vanden Gheyn
2223:
2206:Petersglocke
2199:Olympic Bell
2179:Liberty Bell
2174:Justice Bell
2149:Freedom Bell
2089:Call changes
1998:Servant bell
1968:
1906:Bicycle bell
1796:Bell pattern
1786:Bellfounding
1611:Drum machine
1445:
1408:Glockenspiel
1279:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:the original
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:the original
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1198:
1188:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1053:. Retrieved
1043:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1000:. AGEHR 2010
997:
972:. Retrieved
962:
951:. Retrieved
947:
938:
927:. Retrieved
923:
914:
894:
887:
876:. Retrieved
872:
863:
854:
850:
844:
833:. Retrieved
809:. Retrieved
807:. 2020-12-19
804:
795:
777:horse collar
771:
762:
758:
714:
708:
603:
571:
558:
548:
542:
531:
530:
524:
522:
514:Singing Bowl
509:singing bell
508:
506:
500:
499:
490:
489:
483:
482:
472:
471:
465:
464:
459:
458:
454:
437:
428:
411:
407:
403:
400:
383:
371:
363:
346:
300:
295:Alfred Music
288:
284:
244:
228:
217:
208:
204:Pennsylvania
196:
178:in one day.
169:
157:
149:Loughborough
130:
115:
113:
2435:Whitechapel
2411: [
2368:Olsen Nauen
2363:John Murphy
2318:Miles Graye
2269: [
2224:Temple Bell
2189:Mingun Bell
1993:Ship's bell
1974:Jingle bell
1940:Crotal bell
1930:Church bell
1846:Strike tone
1826:Campanology
1811:Bell shrine
1806:Bell-ringer
1769:terminology
1667:Drum circle
1231:7 September
1205:7 September
625:Campanology
620:Belleplates
615:Bell shrine
525:tower swing
323:treble clef
315:, and the D
233:Performance
200:Schulmerich
182:Terminology
74:Inventor(s)
67:111.242.222
2512:Categories
2425:Hugh Watts
2218:Swan Bells
1877:Altar bell
1791:Bell-gable
1688:Drum stick
1593:Wood block
1568:Tambourine
1558:Snare drum
1428:Vibraphone
1125:(5): 14–16
1101:24 October
1077:(3): 41–44
1055:2009-08-13
1037:(5): 13–14
1018:(3): 10–11
974:2008-03-08
953:2023-11-23
929:2017-12-25
878:2017-12-25
857:(2): 37–38
835:2009-08-13
811:2022-05-01
765:(3): 36–37
741:1550893039
717:(Thesis).
700:References
668:Performers
573:martellato
532:Thumb damp
484:Martellato
415:martellato
389:Four bells
143:bells for
57:Percussion
2408:Schilling
2348:Marinelli
2313:Grassmayr
2266:Bergholtz
2231:Tsar Bell
2159:Great Tom
2070:Blagovest
1988:Mini-ring
1945:Dead bell
1920:Call bell
1899:Bianzhong
1892:Bell tree
1856:Zvonnitsa
1548:Mark tree
1513:Castanets
1488:Bass drum
1433:Xylophone
1418:Tubaphone
1163:(5): 9–10
1157:Overtones
1119:Overtones
1071:Overtones
1031:Overtones
1012:Overtones
851:Overtones
759:Overtones
733:886962867
635:Dead bell
630:Handchime
473:Malleting
425:Six bells
313:bass clef
220:overtones
155:in 1784.
137:Wiltshire
133:Aldbourne
105:Handchime
85:1696–1724
82:Developed
18:Handbells
2241:Kentucky
2226:(Boston)
2041:Carillon
2037:Chiming
1969:Handbell
1950:Doorbell
1925:Cat bell
1887:Babendil
1882:Aluphone
1781:Bell-cot
1637:Drum kit
1588:Triangle
1583:Timbales
1456:Steelpan
1446:Handbell
1403:Crotales
1398:Carillon
1310:Handbell
1177:Archived
1139:Archived
805:BBC News
784:Archived
737:ProQuest
640:Angklung
609:See also
539:Notation
495:staccato
491:Plucking
318:♭
309:middle C
304:♯
247:melodies
116:handbell
31:Handbell
2449:Related
2393:Rudhall
2378:Paccard
2358:Meneely
2353:McShane
2343:Juutila
2144:Big Ben
2053:Canpanò
1935:Cowbell
1821:Bourdon
1621:Octapad
1573:Tam-tam
1543:Maracas
1533:Cymbals
1528:Cowbell
1493:Bodhrán
1466:Timpani
1451:Handpan
1413:Marimba
1270:Sources
873:NPR.org
501:Shaking
434:Weaving
419:vibrato
367:damping
259:octaves
251:harmony
127:History
2430:Warner
2420:Taylor
2288:Cockey
1964:Ghanta
1957:DĹŤtaku
1913:BonshĹŤ
1816:Belfry
1538:Djembe
1518:Claves
1503:Cabasa
1498:Bongos
1314:Curlie
1286:
902:
739:
731:
721:
497:tone.
477:mallet
342:Choirs
307:above
141:latten
2415:]
2323:Hatch
2273:]
2046:Chime
1872:AgogĂ´
1865:Types
1830:index
1760:Bells
1676:Other
1563:Taiko
1553:Parai
1523:Conga
1508:CajĂłn
1461:Tabla
1257:3 May
646:Other
585:↑ or
547:LV ("
518:Tibet
281:Music
176:peals
118:is a
2010:Suzu
1981:Kane
1836:Peal
1776:Bell
1284:ISBN
1259:2014
1233:2011
1207:2011
1103:2015
900:ISBN
729:OCLC
719:ISBN
570:â–Ľ ("
559:i.e.
507:The
466:Gyro
460:Echo
417:and
293:and
249:and
145:hame
120:bell
100:Bell
1312:at
261:, G
2514::
2413:de
2271:sv
1278:.
1197:.
1161:44
1159:,
1123:45
1121:,
1094:.
1083:^
1075:45
1073:,
1035:46
1033:,
1016:44
1014:,
983:^
946:.
922:.
871:.
855:44
853:,
820:^
803:.
763:43
761:,
749:^
735:.
727:.
523:A
520:.
421:.
273:–C
265:–G
206:.
167:.
135:,
114:A
1832:)
1828:(
1752:e
1745:t
1738:v
1352:e
1345:t
1338:v
1261:.
1235:.
1209:.
1107:.
1105:.
1058:.
977:.
956:.
932:.
908:.
881:.
838:.
814:.
790:.
743:.
587:↪
338:5
333:5
331:C
275:9
271:1
267:6
263:4
20:)
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