571:
629:
1169:
507:
715:
356:
694:
707:
595:
614:
515:
551:
61:
542:, revolutionaries quickly captured major strategic cities and towns throughout the province, including Hankou on October 12. The Qing dynasty army recaptured Hankou later, but as the revolution spread throughout China, eventually the town and the province came under control of the Republic of China.
562:
belonging to the United
Kingdom (115 acres (47 ha), est. 1862), France (60 acres (24 ha), est. 1886), Russia (60 acres (24 ha), est. 1886), Germany (100 acres (40 ha), est. 1895) and Japan (32 acres (13 ha), est. 1898). The German and Russian concessions ended in 1917 and
590:
forces occupied the concession and showed no intention of withdrawing. The Chen-O'Malley
Agreement of February 1927 provided for a combined British-Chinese administration of the concession and in 1929 the British concession formally came to an end. From then on it was administered by the Chinese
566:
In 1862, Russian tea merchants arrived in the
British concession of Hankou. Russians in Hankou established four factories using assembly lines and machinery to produce brick tea, and became the city's richest industrialists in what would become the Russian concession.
478:
in present day. Before 1949, Hankou has shifted between being a special municipality and a provincial city. In 1949, Hankou was finally merged with
Hanyang and Wuchang to become Wuhan, when the communists arrived in Hankou on May 16.
905:
473:
succeeded in the fight to be the national capital, Wuhan was returned to its original form, with Hankou being again a city by itself. This time Hankou was established as a "Special
Municipality," which resembles a
734:"Hankou" remains a commonly used name for the part of Wuhan urban area north of the Yangtze and Han Rivers. The name was long preserved in the name of the old Hankou Railway Station (also known as
746:, which opened in 1991 at a new location, farther away from central city. Railway passengers traveling to Wuhan need to purchase tickets to a particular station: the Hankou Railway Station, the
332:
where the Han flows into the
Yangtze. Hankou is connected by bridges to its triplet sister towns Hanyang (between Han and Yangtze) and Wuchang (on the southern side of the Yangtze).
579:
659:
223:
209:
195:
791:
1202:
690:
and Wuhan Nanhu. Wangjiadun served as a civil and military base until 2007 while Nanhu, on the other hand, shut down while Tianhe
Airport opened in 1995.
1197:
845:
665:
The government of Vichy France relinquished the French concession in 1943, and the restored French
Republic relinquished it formally in 1946.
952:
633:
469:
reached Hankou, and merged Hankou with adjacent
Wuchang and Hanyang to make it the seat of the national capital, Wuhan. But in 1927, when
1058:
874:
996:"The British Concession and the First Years of the Treaty Port · Hankou to Wuhan: Histories from China's Crossroads · Hankou to Wuhan"
458:, Jurenmen, and Dazhimen. By 1900, this boom town on the Yangtze was referred to as "the Chicago of China" by the media back then.
84:
981:
A Thousand Miles of
Miracle in China: A personal record of God's delivering power from the hands of the Imperial Boxers of Shan-si
1077:
448:
decided to separate Hankou from Hanyang. Hankou was then divided into four districts, which are Juren, Youyi, Xunli, and Dazhi (
606:
In the 1920s and 30s, Hankou was one of the Yangtze River ports patrolled by the US Navy to maintain US interests in the area (
995:
672:
563:
1920 respectively and those areas were administered by the Chinese government as the First and the Second Special Area.
680:
676:
523:
47:
926:
1106:
Newspapers in international librarianship: papers presented by the newspapers section at IFLA General Conferences
570:
1079:
Newspapers in International Librarianship: Papers Presented by the Newspaper Section at IFLA General Conferences
1117:
1091:
475:
285:
530:
led to the involvement of Hankou in the struggle between Hubei revolutionary forces and the Qing army, led by
647:
An important logistical center, the city was heavily bombed in December 1944 by the US aircraft based in the
374:
275:
781:, the names of which have been retained in the eponymous administrative districts within the City of Wuhan.
1182:
901:
658:
On 19 August 1945, a group of enraged Chinese civilians and soldiers massacred 26 Japanese soldiers in the
849:
267:
454:). Some of the names can still be found in modern-day Wuhan, where there are geographical names such as
1217:
804:
628:
1212:
1126:
1207:
461:
In 1926, Hankou was officially established as a city, where its municipal government was built in
754:(which opened in 2009, also on the right bank, but a long distance from the historical Wuchang).
747:
441:
65:
The map of Hankou (top left, with the five foreign concessions), Hanyang, and Wuchang, as of 1915
43:
956:
743:
559:
878:
751:
742:. After the old Dazhimen station closed in 1991, the Hankou name was transferred to the new
762:
719:
652:
246:
188:
8:
979:
583:
466:
325:
1040:
1097:
1113:
1087:
1083:
1032:
766:
723:
622:
487:
Hankou was the destination on the escape route of groups of missionaries fleeing the
462:
250:
202:
778:
774:
770:
758:
735:
727:
535:
492:
455:
437:
254:
216:
1138:
739:
687:
641:
506:
488:
1076:
Walravens, Hartmut (January 1, 2003). "German Influence on the Press in China".
714:
491:
in the Northern provinces around 1900. The flight of some missionaries from the
420:
408:
396:
355:
290:
280:
607:
309:
305:
24:
693:
582:
was occupied in the course of the revolutionary troubles that accompanied the
1191:
1036:
757:
Nonetheless, Hankou is no longer the name of an administrative unit (e.g., a
445:
386:
378:
329:
100:
87:
668:
The Japanese concession came to an end with the surrender of Japan in 1945.
602:
soldiers marching into the British concession during the Northern Expedition
1174:
527:
433:
429:
382:
706:
930:
594:
531:
370:
1044:
1020:
613:
599:
587:
514:
550:
1109:
750:(near central Wuchang, on the right bank of the Yangtze), or the new
539:
1021:"From Kiachta to Vladivostok: Russian Merchants and the Tea Trade"
440:, although it was already one of the four major national markets (
20:
648:
617:
1926, Hankow, American sailors from the USS Palos (docked behind)
470:
344:
496:
295:
60:
340:
321:
317:
313:
242:
671:
Before the Communist Revolution, Hankou was the seat of the
1152:
Hankow: Conflict and Community in a Chinese City, 1796-1895
503:, by Reverend A E Glover, one of the fleeing missionaries.
336:
436:, was under the administration of the local government in
1143:
Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889
1127:"Japanese Invasion of China: Hangkou / Hanhkow (1937-38)"
373:
of the Han", from its position at the confluence of the
16:
Former Chinese town, now a part of Wuhan, Hubei Province
683:
and elsewhere in the province were subordinated to it.
1104:
Also available in Walravens, Hartmut and Edmund King.
640:
Hankou was captured by the Japanese invaders in 1938 (
343:
and the single largest port in the middle reaches of
1164:
984:(Eleventh ed.). London: Pickering & Inglis.
632:
Japanese child's blanket 1938 includes name Hankow.
675:, covering the province of Hubei. The dioceses in
522:On 10 October 1911, a revolution to establish the
304:), was one of the three towns (the other two were
686:In the 1930s, the airports served in Hankow were
1189:
789:Hankou once had an English-language newspaper,
389:. Other historical names for the city include
795:, which was published by a German individual.
554:Foreign concessions along the Bund, circa 1900
444:) in Ming dynasty. It was not until 1899 that
1203:States and territories disestablished in 1954
545:
449:
418:
406:
394:
360:
761:), because its area now falls mostly within
359:Map of Hankou (labeled as HAN-K'OU (HANKOW)
945:
899:
1198:States and territories established in 1921
59:
1075:
713:
705:
692:
627:
612:
593:
569:
549:
538:with a revolt started by members of the
513:
505:
482:
354:
591:authorities as the Third Special Area.
1190:
977:
893:
869:
867:
840:
838:
730:are in brown, dark green, and orange
1183:Historic US Army map of Hankou, 1945
1149:
1137:
919:
673:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hankou
534:. Although the revolution began in
501:A Thousand Miles of Miracle in China
1018:
864:
835:
13:
14:
1229:
1160:
634:Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities
558:Hankou used to have five foreign
369:The city's name literally means "
1167:
738:), the original terminal of the
701:
636:, Stockholm. The culture of war.
221:
207:
193:
1051:
908:from the original on 2013-05-11
902:"Chicago is all over the place"
710:Jianghan Road in central Hankou
574:Bastille Day celebrations, 1932
510:Troops sent to recapture Hankou
1012:
988:
971:
830:Zhongguo Gujin Diming Dacidian
823:
476:direct-controlled municipality
450:
419:
407:
395:
361:
312:) merged to become modern-day
300:
289:
279:
1:
978:Glover, Archibald E. (1919).
811:
697:Former Hankou Orthodox Church
1154:. Stanford University Press.
1145:. Stanford University Press.
816:
798:
518:Bombardment of Hankow (1911)
7:
10:
1234:
1068:
900:Jacob, Mark (2012-05-13).
805:David Hill memorial school
621:Hankou was flooded in the
546:Foreign concessions period
350:
18:
1150:Rowe, William T. (1992).
1131:Historical Boys' Clothing
324:. It stands north of the
316:city, the capital of the
237:
168:
164:
160:
156:
146:
136:
132:
124:
120:
116:
76:
69:
58:
53:
42:
32:
784:
688:Wuhan Wangjiadun Airport
660:Hankou reprisal massacre
499:is recorded in the work
465:. In the same year, the
381:. The name appears in a
101:30.581179°N 114.272597°E
78: • Coordinates
19:Not to be confused with
748:Wuchang Railway Station
773:. That contrasts with
744:Hankou Railway Station
731:
711:
698:
637:
618:
603:
575:
555:
519:
511:
366:
148:• Disestablished
1133:. September 19, 2011.
1019:Lee, Chinyun (2014).
792:The Hankow Daily News
752:Wuhan Railway Station
717:
709:
696:
631:
616:
597:
573:
553:
517:
509:
483:Revolutionary periods
358:
268:alternately romanized
106:30.581179; 114.272597
653:Operation Matterhorn
959:on February 2, 2014
904:. Chicago Tribune.
881:on February 2, 2014
584:Northern Expedition
578:Early in 1927, the
467:Northern Expedition
335:Hankou is the main
286:traditional Chinese
138:• Established
97: /
732:
712:
699:
638:
619:
604:
580:British concession
576:
556:
520:
512:
493:T'ai-yüan massacre
367:
276:simplified Chinese
1218:Jianghan District
1100:on June 17, 2003.
1084:Walter de Gruyter
1000:hankoutowuhan.org
933:on April 25, 2012
767:Jianghan District
763:Jiang'an District
724:Jianghan District
720:Jiang'an District
623:1931 China floods
586:when the Chinese
524:Republic of China
463:Jianghan district
428:Hankou, from the
261:
260:
233:
232:
229:
228:
203:Jianghan District
189:Jiang'an District
1225:
1213:History of Wuhan
1177:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1155:
1146:
1139:Rowe, William T.
1134:
1120:, 9783598218378.
1101:
1096:. Archived from
1062:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
992:
986:
985:
975:
969:
968:
966:
964:
955:. Archived from
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
929:. Archived from
923:
917:
916:
914:
913:
897:
891:
890:
888:
886:
877:. Archived from
871:
862:
861:
859:
857:
852:on June 25, 2012
848:. Archived from
842:
833:
827:
771:Qiaokou District
736:Dazhimen Station
728:Qiaokou District
526:and replace the
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452:
424:
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217:Qiaokou District
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37:
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1208:Cities in Hubei
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832:中国古今地名大词典, 964.
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642:Battle of Wuhan
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1161:External links
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1057:Walravens, p.
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953:"武汉近代建市及其历史意义"
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1175:China portal
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1142:
1130:
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1098:the original
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1024:
1014:
1003:. Retrieved
999:
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980:
973:
961:. Retrieved
957:the original
947:
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
921:
910:. Retrieved
895:
883:. Retrieved
879:the original
854:. Retrieved
850:the original
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383:Tang dynasty
368:
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176:Succeeded by
175:
560:concessions
532:Yuan Shikai
451:居仁、由義、循禮、大智
142:3 July 1921
104: /
92:114°16′21″E
1192:Categories
1118:3598218370
1093:3110962799
1005:2023-04-03
912:2012-05-22
812:References
600:Kuomintang
588:Kuomintang
320:province,
241:A part of
89:30°34′52″N
1110:K.G. Saur
1037:2166-4307
963:March 31,
937:March 31,
927:""武汉"的由来"
885:March 21,
856:March 21,
817:Citations
799:Education
377:with the
152:June 1954
85:CN-HB-01
54:1921–1954
1141:(1984).
1112:, 2003.
1045:43737542
906:Archived
759:district
598:Chinese
540:New Army
456:Xunlimen
432:to late
385:poem by
253:, &
251:Jianghan
247:Jiang'an
1069:Sources
779:Hanyang
775:Wuchang
718:Modern
681:Hanyang
677:Wuchang
649:Chengdu
536:Wuchang
497:Shan-si
471:Nanjing
442:zh:四大名镇
438:Hanyang
413:), and
403:Miankou
351:History
345:Yangtze
310:Hanyang
306:Wuchang
255:Qiaokou
125:History
1116:
1090:
1043:
1035:
1025:Region
875:"江汉综述"
846:"历史沿革"
807:(1883)
769:, and
726:, and
489:Boxers
391:Xiakou
301:Hànkǒu
298::
296:pinyin
288::
278::
272:Hankow
264:Hankou
128:
33:Hankou
1041:JSTOR
785:Media
415:Lukou
371:Mouth
322:China
318:Hubei
314:Wuhan
243:Wuhan
48:China
21:Hankø
1114:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1033:ISSN
965:2012
939:2012
887:2012
858:2012
777:and
434:Qing
430:Ming
337:port
328:and
308:and
70:Area
44:City
655:).
644:).
610:.)
495:in
425:).
401:),
375:Han
339:of
326:Han
270:as
46:of
36:汉口市
23:or
1194::
1129:.
1108:.
1086:.
1082:.
1059:91
1039:.
1027:.
1023:.
998:.
866:^
837:^
765:,
722:,
679:,
662:.
625:.
421:魯口
409:沔口
397:夏口
362:漢口
347:.
294:;
291:漢口
284:;
281:汉口
266:,
249:,
1061:.
1047:.
1029:3
1008:.
967:.
941:.
915:.
889:.
860:.
417:(
405:(
393:(
365:)
274:(
257:)
245:(
27:.
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