110:
386:
75:
Therefore, Hanukka renewed the alliance with the
Byzantine Empire, receiving from Emperor Theophilus masters who, until 837, built the Sarkel fortress on the Don River, which served as a defense against a possible attack by the former Kagan Tuvan, the Hungarians and the Poles. He also began to equip
68:
He is considered to be the brother of
Obadiah , which is confirmed by the letter by King Joseph. Around 825, after the death of Menasseh I, Tuğan Khagan was crowned as new Khagan. The latter was overthrown only around 830 AD, but later Hanukka's struggle with the overthrown Khagan and his allies
69:(Ugrians and Polyanians) continued throughout the 830s. Hanukka installed Tarkhan as the khagan-lbek, restoring order just like the time of Obadiah.
76:
Khazar trade and craft settlements on the Don. At the same time, the Khazar ruler recognized
Byzantine power over Chersonesus and Western Crimea.
257:
96:
975:
877:
37:
Khagan who reigned during the mid to late ninth century CE. Hanukkah was the brother of
Obadiah and succeeded his great-nephew
72:
Hanukka's attempts to restore power over the
Hungarian formation led by Lebedius and the Polyana tribal union proved futile.
882:
136:
187:
17:
803:
385:
53:. Historical authenticity and accuracy of the only document mentioning his name has been questioned.
980:
970:
985:
965:
621:
180:
864:
823:
813:
536:
267:
42:
41:
to the throne. No contemporary records from his reign survive; however, he is known from the
747:
707:
475:
470:
222:
8:
79:
Hanukkah died around 840 AD or a little later. Power was inherited by his son Isaac I.
921:
843:
546:
485:
295:
212:
46:
833:
440:
355:
340:
310:
252:
217:
173:
141:
132:
944:
931:
887:
838:
782:
450:
430:
350:
330:
305:
207:
897:
869:
848:
631:
586:
460:
365:
155:
50:
904:
808:
787:
581:
435:
370:
325:
300:
285:
275:
247:
57:
959:
916:
712:
692:
682:
425:
375:
237:
772:
541:
400:
828:
818:
757:
732:
521:
455:
405:
335:
151:
531:
892:
737:
702:
652:
636:
606:
315:
38:
767:
667:
410:
242:
232:
926:
752:
722:
677:
591:
566:
526:
511:
445:
360:
227:
762:
742:
672:
662:
601:
576:
551:
516:
480:
465:
420:
345:
290:
196:
910:
727:
697:
687:
616:
611:
571:
561:
415:
34:
777:
717:
657:
626:
556:
280:
596:
506:
501:
165:
97:"Jewish nomads, or was the Khazar Khanate a Jewish State?"
131:
3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, Inc, 2018.
148:Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
957:
160:Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century.
181:
162:Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982.
188:
174:
14:
958:
169:
24:
146:The History of the Jewish Khazars,
56:Hanukkah was succeeded by his son
25:
997:
384:
976:9th-century monarchs in Europe
103:
89:
13:
1:
82:
195:
7:
10:
1002:
121:
940:
857:
796:
645:
494:
393:
382:
266:
203:
63:
874:Khazar ancestry claims
622:Semikarakorsk Fortress
865:Khazar Correspondence
129:The Jews of Khazaria.
43:Khazar Correspondence
49:and the Khazar king
258:Dnieper trade route
113:. 23 February 2024.
922:Mandgelis Document
905:Khazars in fiction
844:Svetlana Pletnyova
486:Yitzhak ha-Sangari
127:Kevin Alan Brook.
47:Hisdai ibn Shaprut
953:
952:
834:Alexander Harkavy
804:Mikhail Artamonov
253:Volga trade route
142:Douglas M. Dunlop
137:978-1-5381-0342-5
18:Hanukkah (Khazar)
16:(Redirected from
993:
981:9th-century Jews
932:Schechter Letter
888:Crimean Karaites
839:Thomas S. Noonan
388:
223:Arab–Khazar wars
190:
183:
176:
167:
166:
115:
114:
107:
101:
100:
99:. 19 March 2019.
93:
27:King of Khazaria
21:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
992:
991:
990:
971:Jewish monarchs
956:
955:
954:
949:
936:
898:Jewish Cossacks
870:Khazar language
853:
849:Omeljan Pritsak
824:Peter B. Golden
792:
641:
490:
389:
380:
262:
199:
194:
156:Omeljan Pritsak
124:
119:
118:
111:"История хазар"
109:
108:
104:
95:
94:
90:
85:
66:
31:Hanukkah Khagan
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
999:
989:
988:
986:Jewish royalty
983:
978:
973:
968:
951:
950:
948:
947:
941:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
907:
902:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
872:
867:
861:
859:
855:
854:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
809:Vasily Bartold
806:
800:
798:
794:
793:
791:
790:
788:Volga Bulgaria
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
649:
647:
643:
642:
640:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
582:Saltovo-Mayaki
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
498:
496:
492:
491:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
436:John of Gothia
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
395:
391:
390:
383:
381:
379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
272:
270:
264:
263:
261:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
204:
201:
200:
193:
192:
185:
178:
170:
164:
163:
149:
139:
123:
120:
117:
116:
102:
87:
86:
84:
81:
65:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
998:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
966:Khazar rulers
964:
963:
961:
946:
943:
942:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
917:Kievan Letter
915:
913:
912:
908:
906:
903:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
860:
856:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
795:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:Crimean Goths
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:Black Klobuks
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
648:
644:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
497:
493:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
426:Hazer Tarkhan
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
396:
394:Other figures
392:
387:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
271:
269:
268:Khazar rulers
265:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
238:Pax Khazarica
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
202:
198:
191:
186:
184:
179:
177:
172:
171:
168:
161:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:
112:
106:
98:
92:
88:
80:
77:
73:
70:
61:
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
909:
537:Golden Hills
401:Alp Iluetuer
320:
159:
145:
128:
105:
91:
78:
74:
71:
67:
55:
30:
29:
829:Lev Gumilev
819:Norman Golb
814:D.M. Dunlop
646:Tributaries
522:Chersonesus
456:Ras Tarkhan
406:Alp Tarkhan
336:Manasseh II
152:Norman Golb
960:Categories
893:Subbotniks
738:Laz people
703:East Slavs
653:Abkhazians
637:Tamatarkha
607:Samosdelka
471:Sviatoslav
316:Manasseh I
243:Radhanites
83:References
39:Manasseh I
878:Ashkenazi
768:Pechenegs
668:Baranjars
411:Balgitzin
296:Zachariah
233:Meshchera
208:Byzantium
945:Category
927:Red Jews
883:Cossacks
797:Scholars
753:Mordvins
723:Kipchaks
678:Bashkirs
592:Sambalut
587:Samandar
567:Khazaran
532:Güsliyev
527:Dagestan
512:Balanjar
476:Theodora
446:Papatzys
361:Aaron II
356:Benjamin
321:Hanukkah
311:Hezekiah
228:Kipchaks
218:Abbasids
213:Bulgaria
197:Khazaria
45:between
783:Uralics
763:Onogurs
748:Magyars
743:Lezgins
733:Kassogs
673:Barsils
663:Arsiyah
602:Samiran
577:Levedia
552:Kazarki
481:Tzitzak
466:Sfengus
421:Bulchan
351:Menahem
346:Aaron I
331:Zebulun
306:Obadiah
291:Parsbit
122:Sources
33:was a
911:Kuzari
858:Legacy
773:Sabirs
728:Kumyks
718:Kabars
713:Juhuri
698:Cumans
688:Burtas
617:Sarkel
612:Saqsin
597:Sambat
572:Khumar
547:Kavkaz
495:Places
461:Serach
451:Pesakh
441:Leo IV
416:Barjik
376:George
366:Joseph
135:
51:Joseph
35:Khazar
778:Sarir
758:Oghuz
658:Alans
632:Taman
627:Sudak
562:Kerem
557:Kerch
542:Kaffa
371:David
326:Isaac
301:Bulan
286:Bihar
281:Busir
276:Irbis
64:Reign
58:Isaac
708:Huns
507:Azaq
502:Atil
431:HLGW
341:Nisi
248:Rus'
154:and
133:ISBN
517:Bar
962::
158:,
144:,
60:.
189:e
182:t
175:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.