239:
255:
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287:. In his full-length study of David Goodis, Jay Gertzman notes: "The best definition of hard boiled I know is that of critic Eddie Duggan. In noir, the primary focus is interior: psychic imbalance leading to self-hatred, aggression, sociopathy, or a compulsion to control those with whom one shares experiences. By contrast, hard boiled 'paints a backdrop of institutionalized social corruption
180:. Consequently, "pulp fiction" is often used as a synonym for hardboiled crime fiction or gangster fiction; some would distinguish within it the private-eye story from the crime novel itself. In the United States, the original hardboiled style has been emulated by innumerable writers, including
159:. In its earliest uses in the late 1920s, "hardboiled" did not refer to a type of crime fiction; it meant the tough (cynical) attitude towards emotions triggered by violence.
142:
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Breu, Christopher (July 2004). "Going blood-simple in poisonville: hard-boiled masculinity in
Dashiell Hammett's Red Harvest".
893:
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magazine from 1917 onwards), about an "extremely tough, unsentimental, and lethal" gun-toting urban gambler, anticipated the
61:
as the organized crime itself. Rendered cynical by this cycle of violence, the detectives of hardboiled fiction are often
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586:"Extremely tough, unsentimental and lethal, Everhard foreshadowed the hard-boiled characters of the following decade".
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54:
1005:
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A chronology of significant hardboiled novels, compiled by critic
Geoffrey O'Brien for the 1981 edition of his
621:
Encyclopedia
Mysteriosa: A Comprehensive Guide to the Art of Detection in Print, Film, Radio, and Television
564:
Encyclopedia
Mysteriosa: A Comprehensive Guide to the Art of Detection in Print, Film, Radio, and Television
283:
discusses the similarities and differences between the two related forms in his 1999 article on pulp writer
224:. Later, many hardboiled novels were published by houses specializing in paperback originals, most notably
20:
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137:
From its earliest days, hardboiled fiction was published in and closely associated with so-called
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162:
The hardboiled crime story became a staple of several pulp magazines in the 1930s; most famously
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94:
491:"Gerald Butler's Novel of Pursuit - Author of 'Dark Rainbow' Wrestles a Creaking Plot"
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201:
129:", and his characters were noted as hardboiled. Its heyday was in 1930sā50s America.
106:
42:
57:(1920ā1933) and its aftermath, while dealing with a legal system that has become as
1385:
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810:
726:
284:
225:
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894:"1920ā1945: The Interwar Period and the Development of Hard-boiled Crime Fiction"
679:
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465:
460:
365:
Porter, Dennis (2003). "Chapter 6: The
Private Eye". In Priestman, Martin (ed.).
221:
50:
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507:
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205:
138:
70:
34:
49:). The genre's typical protagonist is a detective who battles the violence of
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955:
Unless the Threat of Death Is Behind Them: Hard-Boiled
Fiction and Film Noir
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346:
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528:
The Street Was Mine: White
Masculinity in Hardboiled Fiction and Film Noir
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Comprehensive bibliographies of many important hardboiled/noir authors.
86:
66:
974:
Defective
Inspectors: Crime-fiction Pastiche in Late Twentieth-century
1400:
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82:
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Hardboiled/noir "family tree", by crime fiction author and scholar
331:
62:
1027:
Hardboiled and High Heeled: The Woman
Detective in Popular Culture
302:
1273:
1004:
Marling, Professor
William (Case Western Reserve University).
19:
This article is about the literary style. For other uses, see
856:
Multicultural Detective Fiction: Murder from the "Other" Side
1061:
Hardboiled America: Lurid Paperbacks and the Masters of Noir
1154:"Twists, Slugs and Roscoes: A Glossary of Hardboiled Slang"
853:
1190:
760:"Writing in the darkness: The world of Cornell Woolrich"
665:
A brief survey of the genre's early days, focusing on
1057:
1043:
228:, and in later decades republished by houses such as
37:
that shares some of its characters and settings with
298:
683:
373:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
1024:
914:"American Hard-Boiled Crime Fiction, 1920sā1940s"
875:Pulp Culture: Hardboiled Fiction and the Cold War
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678:
780:
614:
557:
952:
113:over the course of the decade, and refined by
1176:
829:
785:. Lutz, FL: Down & Out Books. p. 53.
754:
461:"Butler Is Heralded as British James M. Cain"
149:'s "Don Everhard" stories (which appeared in
1046:"The Hardboiled Era: A Checklist, 1929ā1958"
990:
400:The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English
275:Hardboiled writing is also associated with "
121:beginning in the late 1930s. English writer
1099:
971:
872:
589:
455:
270:
1183:
1169:
653:"Mystery Time Line: Hard-Boiled Mysteries"
714:
265:were standard fare in hardboiled fiction.
932:
911:
891:
369:The Cambridge Companion to Crime Fiction
65:. Notable hardboiled detectives include
1147:. miskatonic.org/rara-avis. 2005-08-28.
1131:A list of hard-boiled and noir writers.
415:
1481:
595:
520:
364:
1164:
929:An essay on the form's early history.
835:"Dashiell Hammett: Detective, Writer"
411:
409:
397:
1102:Encyclopedia of Pulp Fiction Writers
1082:New Hard-Boiled Writers: 1970sā1990s
798:
854:Gosselin, Adrienne Johnson (2002).
13:
957:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
937:. crimeculture.com. Archived from
916:. crimeculture.com. Archived from
896:. crimeculture.com. Archived from
792:
449:
406:
172:, but also in other pulps such as
14:
1510:
1119:
1085:. University of Wisconsin Press.
619:. In Deandrea, William L. (ed.).
562:. In Deandrea, William L. (ed.).
109:in the mid-1920s, popularized by
100:
1044:O'Brien, Geoffrey (2005-08-27).
725:. pp. 10ā11. Archived from
301:
253:
237:
1006:"Detective Novels: An Overview"
774:
748:
720:"Toward a Hardboiled Genealogy"
708:
672:
645:
398:Ousby, I (1995). "Black Mask".
132:
1008:. detnovel.com. Archived from
783:Pulp According to David Goodis
608:
596:Budrys, Algis (October 1965).
551:
514:
483:
391:
358:
1:
1156:. miskatonic.org. 2016-05-26.
1140:Comprehensive bibliographies.
1127:"AāZ List: Hard-boiled Guide"
690:. Chatto and Windus. p.
352:
157:hardboiled detective stories
21:Hard boiled (disambiguation)
7:
1462:science fiction and fantasy
1145:"Hardboiled Bibliographies"
1048:. miskatonic.org/rara-avis.
991:Lovisi, Gary (March 1995).
935:"Hard-boiled Investigators"
421:"The Hard-Boiled Detective"
294:
105:The style was pioneered by
10:
1515:
1058:O'Brien, Geoffrey (1997).
1029:. Routledge Chapman Hall.
1025:Mizejewski, Linda (2004).
18:
1419:
1373:
1234:
1227:
1206:
1079:Panek, LeRoy Lad (2000).
845:(2): 101ā114 – via
496:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1289:Inverted detective story
1214:History of crime fiction
815:10.1177/1097184X03257449
781:Gertzman, J. A. (2018).
615:Sampson, Robert (1994).
558:Sampson, Robert (1994).
271:Relation to noir fiction
178:Detective Fiction Weekly
168:under the editorship of
125:was referred to as the "
1136:"Hard-boiled Detective"
953:Irwin, John T. (2006).
625:Encyclopedia Mysteriosa
568:Encyclopedia Mysteriosa
429:Encyclopedia Mysteriosa
342:Naturalism (literature)
53:that flourished during
858:. Garland Publishing.
627:. MacMillan. pp.
602:Galaxy Science Fiction
570:. MacMillan. pp.
431:. MacMillan. pp.
1104:. Facts On File Inc.
1021:History of the genre.
993:"The Hard-Boiled Way"
802:Men and Masculinities
127:English James M. Cain
1427:Fictional detectives
1138:. rraymond.narod.ru.
1129:. rraymond.narod.ru.
1100:Server, Lee (2002).
976:. Maney Publishing.
972:Kemp, Simon (2006).
873:Haut, Woody (1996).
686:The Uses of Literacy
425:de Andrea, William L
1374:Film and television
604:. pp. 142ā150.
1363:historical mystery
1052:Hardboiled America
997:A Shot in the Dark
877:. Serpent's Tail.
598:"Galaxy Bookshelf"
457:Barr Mavity, Nancy
417:Collins, Max Allan
95:The Continental Op
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1381:Police procedural
701:978-0-7011-0763-5
638:978-0-02-861678-0
581:978-0-02-861678-0
543:978-0-312-29481-6
442:978-0-02-861678-0
384:978-0-521-00871-6
202:John D. MacDonald
141:. Pulp historian
107:Carroll John Daly
43:detective fiction
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111:Dashiell Hammett
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33:) fiction is a
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206:Ross Macdonald
174:Dime Detective
170:Joseph T. Shaw
143:Robert Sampson
139:pulp magazines
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101:Genre pioneers
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71:Philip Marlowe
35:literary genre
16:Literary genre
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964:0-8018-8435-7
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941:on 2016-12-16
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920:on 2008-09-18
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865:0-8153-3153-3
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770:(6): 113ā126.
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756:Duggan, Eddie
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732:on 2020-07-19
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210:Walter Mosley
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194:Chester Himes
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1267:Weird menace
1207:General info
1101:
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1051:
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1014:. Retrieved
1010:the original
996:
973:
954:
943:. Retrieved
939:the original
922:. Retrieved
918:the original
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
874:
855:
847:Academia.edu
842:
838:
809:(1): 52ā76.
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743:Megan Abbott
734:. Retrieved
727:the original
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506:– via
501:. Retrieved
499:. 1946-09-08
494:
485:
475:– via
470:. Retrieved
464:
451:
428:
399:
393:
368:
360:
347:Damon Runyon
337:Mystery film
322:Noir fiction
317:Femme fatale
281:Eddie Duggan
277:noir fiction
274:
261:
230:Black Lizard
182:James Ellroy
177:
173:
163:
161:
150:
147:Gordon Young
145:argues that
136:
133:Pulp fiction
126:
104:
91:Slam Bradley
75:Nick Charles
47:noir fiction
41:(especially
30:
26:
25:
1343:Tartan Noir
1316:locked room
1294:Legal drama
1064:. Da Capo.
532:. pp.
246:Paolo Monti
198:Paul Levine
190:Sue Grafton
79:Mike Hammer
55:Prohibition
31:hard-boiled
1489:Hardboiled
1483:Categories
1452:historical
1284:Hardboiled
1016:2007-10-06
945:2006-10-14
924:2006-09-16
904:2006-10-14
736:2006-08-21
667:Black Mask
657:MysteryNet
503:2024-04-30
472:2024-04-30
353:References
226:Gold Medal
165:Black Mask
87:Lew Archer
67:Dick Tracy
63:antiheroes
27:Hardboiled
1420:Character
1348:Tart Noir
1247:Detective
1228:Subgenres
1192:Detective
839:Crimetime
823:144998130
764:CrimeTime
326:Film noir
244:Photo by
186:Paul Cain
152:Adventure
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1406:Neo-noir
1358:Whodunit
1353:Thriller
1299:thriller
833:(2000).
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332:Guy Noir
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629:287ā289
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