251:
121:
1222:
272:, representing his responsibility for maintaining world order. Vishnu's black skin represents holiness. Broadly, these distinctions serve to represent the duality of humble religious influence in the ascetic and authoritative secular power in the king or householder. However, in other aspects Shiva also takes on the authoritative position of householder, a position which is
235:
263:
Harihara is depicted in art as split down the middle, one half representing Shiva, the other half representing Vishnu. The Shiva half will have the matted locks of a yogic master piled high on his head and sometimes will wear a tiger skin, reserved for the most revered ascetics. Shiva's pale skin
175:
Depending on which scriptures (and translations) are quoted, evidence is available to support each of the different arguments. In most cases, even if one personality is taken as being superior over the other, much respect is still offered to both Vishnu and Shiva by the other's worshippers (i.e.
44:
279:
Harihara has been part of temple iconography throughout South Asia and
Southeast Asia, with some illustrations listed in the following table. In some states, the concept of Harihara appears through alternate names and its progeny
151:
The diversity within
Hinduism encourages a wide variety of beliefs and traditions, of which two important and large traditions are associated with Vishnu and Shiva. Some schools focus on Vishnu (including his associated
107:
Some of the earliest sculptures of
Harihara, with one half of the image as Vishnu and other half as Shiva, are found in the surviving cave temples of India, such as in the cave 1 and cave 3 of the 6th-century
211:
in front of Shiva, the latter grew besotted with her and attempted to embrace her. At this moment, Mohini reverted to the true form of Vishnu, at which point the two deities fused as one being, Harihara.
700:
221:, the devotees of Shiva engaged in a dispute with Vishnu's devotees regarding the supremacy of their deities. To end this issue, Shiva and Vishnu merged into one being, Harihara.
891:
855:
Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India (2011), Quote: "The sculptures around the sanctum in the corner blocks depict simple forms of Siva,
256:
Harihara sculpture, British Museum. The left half represents Shiva (with the
Trishula) and the right half represents Vishnu (with the Chakra and Conch).
1068:
715:
848:
697:
665:
651:
156:
such as Rama and
Krishna) as the Supreme God, and others on Shiva (including his different avatars such as Mahadeva and Pashupata). The
96:. This concept of equivalence of various gods as one principle and "oneness of all existence" is discussed as Harihara in the texts of
924:
CD Tripathi (2008), Kāmarūpa-Kaliṅga-Mithilā: a politico-cultural alignment in
Eastern India : history, art, traditions, IIAS,
339:
88:
Harihara is also sometimes used as a philosophical term to denote the unity of Vishnu and Shiva as different aspects of the same
1572:
1061:
942:
755:
888:
1004:
972:
929:
912:
833:
601:
584:
567:
634:
1054:
745:
613:
Ellen
Goldberg (2002), The Lord who is half woman: Ardhanārīśvara in Indian and feminist perspective, SUNY Press,
618:
417:
879:
Henry
Cousens (1996), The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts, Archaeological Survey of India, page 93
716:
http://www.swaminarayansatsang.com/library/scriptures/scriptureexplanation.asp?IDProduct=762&idcategory=2=
772:
579:
Alice Boner (1990), Principles of
Composition in Hindu Sculpture: Cave Temple Period, Motilal Banarsidass,
1405:
728:
868:
1587:
1525:
1361:
1582:
160:
and various Hindu traditions treat both Shiva and Vishnu as being different aspects of the one
1040:
845:
663:
649:
370:
89:
1532:
1340:
8:
1577:
1455:
1210:
172:, fuses masculine and feminine deities as one and equivalent representation in Hinduism.
109:
264:
may be read as ash-covered in his role as an ascetic. The Vishnu half will wear a tall
1034:
543:
984:
1393:
1000:
968:
925:
908:
829:
751:
680:
should be understood, as the Vedas have described both to be brahmaroopa, or form of
614:
597:
580:
563:
273:
244:, the first king of Majapahit (1293–1309) from the temple Candi Simping in East Java.
194:
The earliest mention of
Harihara is likely to be observed in the Vishnu Parva of the
128:
828:
TA Gopinatha Rao (1993), Elements of Hindu iconography, Vol 2, Motilal Banarsidass,
596:
TA Gopinatha Rao (1993), Elements of Hindu iconography, Vol 2, Motilal Banarsidass,
1325:
907:
Cynthia Packert Atherton (1997), The Sculpture of Early Medieval Rajasthan, BRILL,
503:
322:
265:
101:
1551:
1280:
1265:
1089:
895:
852:
704:
669:
655:
638:
538:
498:
165:
97:
25:
967:
Fred Kleiner (2012), Gardner's Art through the Ages: A Global History, Cengage,
859:, Brahma-Sasta, Brahma, a delicately balanced representation of Ardhanarisvara."
562:
David Leeming (2001), A Dictionary of Asian Mythology, Oxford University Press,
1179:
688:, indicating that Vishnu and Shiva are different forms of the one and same God.
685:
359:
1566:
1516:
1077:
996:
524:
217:
180:
and 'the greatest of the Vaishnavas' by Vaishnavas who worship only Vishnu).
164:. Harihara is a symbolic representation of this idea. A similar idea, called
71:
659:
631:
183:
1221:
1046:
1017:
999:
et al (2013), Candi Indonesia: Seri Jawa, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan,
250:
240:
Statue of Harihara. This statue is the mortuary deified portrayal of King
1509:
1484:
1425:
1199:
1081:
241:
120:
1491:
1420:
1134:
955:
344:
327:
201:
21:
1479:
1410:
1300:
1243:
1159:
486:
388:
310:
195:
798:
186:
holds that Vishnu and Shiva are different aspects of the same God.
1546:
1502:
1474:
1444:
1430:
1350:
1310:
1295:
1154:
1097:
1041:
Harihara - Photograph of Carving from Hoysaleshvara Temple, Halebid
869:
https://www.tnarch.gov.in/Library%20BOOk%20PDF/NAMAKKAL%20CAVES.pdf
673:
469:
234:
136:
67:
276:
with the ascetic position depicted in his Harihara manifestation.
1496:
1469:
1330:
1305:
1285:
1253:
1248:
1238:
1164:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1124:
681:
269:
207:
According to one legend, when Vishnu appeared as the enchantress
161:
157:
93:
43:
17:
176:
Shiva is still regarded as being above the level of an ordinary
1440:
1435:
1400:
1388:
1378:
1345:
1335:
1270:
1189:
1169:
1107:
1102:
422:
208:
153:
124:
74:
744:
Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (6 December 2021).
630:"Lord Sambhu the greatest of Vaishnavas and vice versa" from
1464:
1383:
1315:
1275:
1260:
1184:
1149:
1112:
819:
Thirty Thousand Years of Art. Phaidon Press Limited. p. 484
677:
454:
437:
405:
296:
140:
132:
78:
1415:
1355:
1320:
1290:
1230:
1204:
1194:
1174:
1119:
177:
958:, Artibus Asiae, Vol. 56, No. 1/2, pages 95-137, 139-143
956:
The Purandi Hoard: Metalwork from Eleventh-Century Nepal
898:, Osian, Jodhpur, India, University of Chicago Archives
284:
Temples with Harihara murti (half Vishnu, half Shiva)
799:"Rāmagiri Tēr Harihara and Harihara-Ekapāda Trimūrti"
733:. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. p. 68.
135:(lighter coloured half, wearing tiger skin, holding
31:
Fused Hindu deity of Vishnu (Hari) and Shiva (Hara)
773:"Greatness of Aśvattha Tree [Chapter 247]"
20:. For the founder of the Vijayanagara Empire, see
770:
85:("Shankara" is Shiva, and "Narayana" is Vishnu).
1564:
1062:
945:, INAS Journal, page 40-41 and 46-48 (images)
743:
987:The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, US
1076:
70:: हरिहर) is the dual representation of the
1069:
1055:
42:
796:
119:
340:Sri Ranganatha Perumal temple, Namakkal
1565:
726:
16:For the city in Karnataka, India, see
1050:
985:Standing Hari–Hara, Pre–Angkor period
803:Journal of Indian History and Culture
771:www.wisdomlib.org (19 January 2021).
658:, verses 47, 84, of their scripture,
1035:Shiva and Vishnu as One and the Same
846:World Heritage Sites - Mahabalipuram
13:
81:(Hara). Harihara is also known as
14:
1599:
1028:
698:Swaminarayan Satsang – Scriptures
48:Painting of Harihara, circa 1825.
1220:
249:
233:
139:) combined in a single Harihara
1010:
990:
978:
961:
948:
935:
918:
901:
882:
873:
862:
839:
822:
813:
790:
764:
747:Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities
737:
587:, pages 89-95, 115-124, 174-184
720:
709:
691:
643:
624:
607:
590:
573:
556:
1:
549:
224:
1573:Hindu philosophical concepts
672:states, "And the oneness of
444:temple: 12th to 16th century
7:
532:
143:, sometimes referred to as
10:
1604:
943:Saugal-tol temple of Patan
797:Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2021).
750:. McFarland. p. 204.
410:two from 9th, 10th century
189:
115:
15:
1542:
1453:
1371:
1229:
1218:
1088:
1043:(art-and-archaeology.com)
53:
41:
36:
1526:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
730:Sculptural Art of Hampi
521:Exact dates not known.
727:Suresh, K. M. (1998).
637:9 October 2007 at the
148:
954:Mary Slusser (1996),
851:12 March 2013 at the
393:two from 8th century,
371:Harihareshwara Temple
204:discusses the being.
123:
894:4 March 2016 at the
703:16 July 2011 at the
668:3 March 2016 at the
654:3 March 2016 at the
632:Bhag-Purana 12.13.16
491:13th or 14th century
427:9th-10th Century CE
147:and "Haryadhamurti".
24:. For the poet, see
515:Hariharnath Temple
442:statue: 6th century
307:Badami cave temples
285:
110:Badami cave temples
544:Vaikuntha Kamalaja
418:Mukteshvara Temple
349:6th to 8th century
283:
149:
1560:
1559:
1018:"Baijnath Temple"
889:Harihara temple 1
777:www.wisdomlib.org
757:978-0-7864-9179-7
530:
529:
474:late 7th to early
434:Saugal-tol temple
215:According to the
129:Sudarshana Chakra
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60:
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323:Dharmaraja Ratha
286:
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274:directly at odds
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102:Hindu philosophy
90:Ultimate Reality
83:Shankaranarayana
57:Shankaranarayana
46:
34:
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1603:
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1588:Forms of Vishnu
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1552:Hindu mythology
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1367:
1225:
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1007:, pages 246-248
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604:, pages 334-335
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26:Harihara (poet)
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1421:Kuladevatas
1200:Vishvakarma
1037:(dlshq.org)
621:, pages 1-4
619:0-791453251
476:8th century
332:7th century
315:6th century
289:Temple name
242:Kertarajasa
92:, known as
77:(Hari) and
54:Other names
1578:Hindu gods
1567:Categories
1492:Upanishads
1411:Gandharvas
1135:Dattatreya
809:: 187–213.
782:29 October
550:References
345:Tamil Nadu
328:Tamil Nadu
302:Reference
268:and other
225:Depictions
202:Markandeya
197:Harivamsha
145:Sivakesava
100:school of
22:Harihara I
1431:Rakshasas
1301:Mahavidya
1244:Saraswati
1231:Goddesses
1160:Kartikeya
570:, page 67
487:Indonesia
389:Rajasthan
375:Karnataka
311:Karnataka
295:Harihara
127:(holding
1547:Hinduism
1503:Ramayana
1445:Yakshini
1351:Shashthi
1311:Matrikas
1296:Mahadevi
1098:Trimurti
892:Archived
857:Harihara
849:Archived
701:Archived
684:, i.e.,
674:Narayana
666:Archived
652:Archived
635:Archived
533:See also
470:Cambodia
292:Location
200:, where
170:Naranari
137:Trishula
68:Sanskrit
64:Harihara
37:Harihara
1497:Puranas
1485:Atharva
1454:Texts (
1441:Yakshas
1436:Vahanas
1406:Dikpāla
1379:Apsaras
1331:Rukmini
1306:Matangi
1254:Parvati
1249:Lakshmi
1239:Tridevi
1165:Krishna
1145:Hanuman
1140:Ganesha
1130:Chandra
1125:Ashvins
682:Brahman
270:jewelry
190:Legends
162:Brahman
158:Puranas
154:avatars
116:Concept
94:Brahman
18:Harihar
1401:Devata
1394:Danava
1389:Daitya
1384:Asuras
1346:Shakti
1336:Sanjna
1326:Rohini
1286:Shachi
1271:Chhaya
1190:Varuna
1180:Shasta
1170:Kubera
1108:Vishnu
1103:Brahma
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423:Odisha
209:Mohini
131:) and
125:Vishnu
75:Vishnu
1480:Yajur
1465:Vedas
1316:Radha
1281:Ganga
1276:Durga
1266:Bhumi
1261:Aditi
1185:Surya
1150:Indra
1113:Shiva
1082:texts
678:Shiva
455:Nepal
438:Nepal
406:Assam
297:murti
266:crown
141:murti
133:Shiva
79:Shiva
1533:more
1475:Sama
1456:list
1416:Gana
1362:more
1356:Sita
1341:Sati
1321:Rati
1291:Kali
1211:more
1205:Yama
1195:Vayu
1175:Rama
1155:Kama
1120:Agni
1090:Gods
1080:and
1001:ISBN
969:ISBN
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909:ISBN
830:ISBN
784:2023
752:ISBN
676:and
615:ISBN
598:ISBN
581:ISBN
564:ISBN
299:date
178:jiva
1470:Rig
168:or
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