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Company") was founded in 1826, but did not make any progress towards building a canal. A second company also failed to complete the project. In 1863 the Hudson and Harlem River Canal
Company was created, and began the final plans for the canal. The U.S. Congress broke the logjam in 1873 by appropriating money for a survey of the relevant area, following which New York state bought the necessary land and gave it to the federal government. In 1876, the
412:
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343:, a point where it was feasible to wade or swim through the waters. This area was known as the "wading place", and had previously been used by Native Americans. In response, Verveelen had the creek fenced off at the wading place, though travelers simply tore the barrier down. In 1669 Verveelen transplanted his ferry to the northern tip of Marble Hill, at today's Broadway and West 231st Street.
674:, 1911. Accessed November 4, 2015. "Another reason is that there are phonetic elements in the name as first written which suggest other meanings quite appropriate to the locality. There is a Dutch word 'spui' of frequent use in Holland, meaning a sluice way or canal. The Spui at The Hague, part of which is redeemed and used as a street, is a famous thoroughfare."
243:, goes into great detail about all the various translations for "Spuyten Duyvil" which have been mooted over the years. Rentenaar concludes that "Duyvil" means "devil", either literally or in a transferred sense, but he could not determine what the intended meaning of "Spuyten" was because of the many variants that have been used throughout history.
442:
It would be cut directly through the rock of
Dyckman's Meadow, making a straight course to the Hudson River. The first section of the canal, the cut at Marble Hill, was completed in 1895 and opened on June 17 of that year. Several festivities including parades were held to commemorate the occasion. At this time, Tibbets Brook was diverted into
478:
until 1923 when it vacated the premises, and in 1927 was awarded $ 3.28 million in compensation, just over a third of their original demand of $ 11.53 million. Plans to excavate the channel were finalized in 1935, and the channel was excavated from 1937 to 1938. The work severed the
Johnson foundry's
436:
in 1825, and the advent of large steamships in the second half of the 19th century, a broad shipping canal was proposed between the Harlem and Hudson Rivers to allow them thru-transit by bypassing the tight turn up and around Marble Hill. The Harlem Canal
Company (then stylized as the "Harlaem Canal
441:
issued a decree for the construction of the canal. Construction of the Harlem River Ship Canal – officially the United States Ship Canal – finally started in
January 1888. The canal would be 400 feet (120 m) in width and have a depth of 15 feet (4.6 m) to 18 feet (5.5 m).
428:
Over time the channels of the
Spuyten Duyvil and Harlem River were joined and widened and additional bridges were constructed, but maritime transit was still difficult and confined to small craft. By 1817, a narrow canal was dug through the south end of Marble Hill at approximately 222nd Street,
1642:. Accessed July 26, 2007. "Marble Hill is a neighborhood that is part of the borough of Manhattan but is administratively often included with neighboring areas of the Bronx. Parts of Marble Hill are within Bronx Community District 7; the rest is within Bronx Community District 8."
382:. In 1758, the Free Bridge was erected by Jacob Dyckman, opening on January 1, 1759. Stagecoach service was later established across the span. The new bridge proceeded to take much of the traffic away from the King's Bridge. The Free Bridge was destroyed during the
1054:"Although the river is very narrow, it is deep, and the tide runs rapidly under the bridge, alternately both ways, as the tide ebbs and flows." (Diary, July 5, 1787) in Cutler, William Parker; Cutler, Julia Perkis; Dawes, Ephraim Cutler; and Force, Peter.
1069:"Here we cross the River upon a tall bridge made of wood, the Inn and this bridge belong to the same person...the river is no(t) at all Navigable As there's abundance of rocks between this bridge and North (Hudson) River." in Birket, James.
470:, became physically attached to the Bronx, though it remained politically part of the borough of Manhattan, as it is today. The bridge carrying Broadway over the former alignment of the creek at 230th Street was destroyed in the late 1920s.
473:
In 1919, New York State passed a bill in order to straighten the western end of the creek feeding into the Hudson. At the time, the creek was diverted south to avoid a peninsula that housed the
Johnson Iron Works foundry. The foundry
312:. Steep cliffs along the Spuyten Duyvil's mouth at the Hudson prevented any bridge there, but upstream it narrowed into a rocky drainage. Prior to the development of the Bronx, the creek was fed by Tibbetts Brook, which begins in
303:
flowing south from the Bronx. When the Dutch settlers arrived they found its tidal waters turbulent and difficult to handle. Though its tides raced, there was no navigable watercourse joining it with the headwaters of the
453:
above
Broadway in 1904. The effect of channeling through what had been 222nd and 223rd streets was to physically isolate Marble Hill on the Bronx side of the new creek. In 1914 the original creekbed was
198:; a reference to the strong and wild tidal currents found at that location. It may also be translated as "Spewing Devil" or "Spinning Devil", or more loosely as "Devil's Whirlpool" or "Devil's Spate."
1581:"Bridge Removal to Hide Site of First Manhattan-Mainload Ferry: Passing of Landmark on Broadway Near 230th Street Recalls the Indians' Wading Place and the Dutch Crossing of Spuyten Duyvil Creek"
1652:
335:. The ferry was established in 1667 and operated by Johannes Verveelen, a local landowner. Many settlers circumvented the toll for the ferry by crossing the creek from northern
1791:
Most of the peninsula was destroyed by 1937 to widen the Harlem River Ship Canal. The remaining wedge, between a railroad cut and water, became known as the
Columbia Rock....
449:
A bridge opened over the former Marble Hill alignment of the creek in 1900, carrying
Broadway. The bridge's superstructure was demolished shortly afterward, with the
1883:
1804:
1221:"Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Croton Water Treatment Plant at the Harlem River Site; 7.12: Historic and Archaeological Resources"
157:
and the rest of the mainland. Once a distinct, turbulent waterway between the Hudson and Harlem rivers, the creek has been subsumed by the modern ship canal.
1774:
1227:
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Today, Spuyten Duyvil Creek, the Harlem River Ship Canal, and the Harlem River form a continuous channel, referred to collectively as the Harlem River.
1722:
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when the Harlem River Ship Canal straightened the creek out. A small piece of the Bronx later became part of Manhattan Island (not marked on this map).
1748:
2020:
671:
1696:
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1916:
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494:, continues to link Marble Hill with Manhattan. There is little evidence that the building of the Ship Canal enhanced commerce in the city.
1988:
60:
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667:
Sixteenth Annual Report, 1911, of the American Secneic and Historic Preservation Society to the Legislature of the State of New York
325:
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2013:
1972:
1951:
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neighborhood. The word has been translated as "place where the stream is shut" or to "parcel out" or "divide". A third name,
226:
to warn settlers of a British invasion attempt, with Corlaer attempting to swim across the creek in treacherous conditions.
2739:
1964:
Hidden Waters of New York City: A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes, Ponds, Creeks, and Streams in the Five Boroughs
523:
258:, translated as “the sitting down place” or “the place between the ridges”. A second term, spelled various ways including
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2796:
1812:
545:). The bridge was proposed in 1904, but due to opposition by local residents, was not completed and opened until 1936.
905:
813:
230:
1723:"AWARDS $ 3,275,000 IN SHIP CANAL CASE; State Commissioners Cut Sum Asked for Seized Property by Johnson Iron Works"
1437:
Harlem River Ship Canal: Letters from Simon Stevens to the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund of the City of New York
386:. Following the war, Philipse Manor was forfeited to the state legislature, after which the King's Bridge was free.
374:, he established a plantation and provisioning depot for his shipping business upriver on the Hudson in present-day
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2006:
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331:
During the 17th century, the only mode of transportation across the Harlem River was by ferry from the east end of
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Blue shows the original path of the creek, north around Marble Hill and then curving south toward the Harlem River
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1993:
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1697:"EFFORTS RENEWED TO RAZE HIGH BRIDGE; Johnson Iron Works Offers to Accept Award So as to Improve Harlem River"
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367:
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1322:"Survey of Harlem River From Randall's Island, By Way of Spuyten Duyvil Creek, To Hudson River, New York"
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and intersected with the creek at modern West 230th Street. The brook currently ends above ground within
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177:
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The Story of the Bronx from the Purchase Made by the Dutch from the Indians in 1639 to the Present Day
48:
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1749:"SHIP CANAL TO BE FINISHED; Bend in Harlem River Will Be Cut Away By Government to Improve Waterway"
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13.5-acre (5.5 ha) peninsula of land from the Bronx, which was then absorbed into Manhattan's
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187:
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902:
Studies in Etymology and Etiology: With Emphasis on Germanic, Jewish, Romance and Slavic Languages
791:
232:
Studies in Etymology and Etiology: With Emphasis on Germanic, Jewish, Romance and Slavic Languages
1003:
882:
Gold, David L. and Rentenaar, Rob "Appendix 1: On the Etymology of the New York City Place Names
737:
542:
375:
240:
206:, however, argues that the phrase means "sprouting meadow", referring to a fresh-water spring. A
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467:
459:
359:
336:
203:
165:
53:
1653:"What's in a Name: While Marble Hill's Origins Are Clear, Its Present Status is Up for Debate"
1055:
998:
665:
530:. The bridge opened in 1900 and carries one railroad track (though previously had two tracks).
182:
The earliest use of the name "Spuyten Duyvil" was in 1653, in a document from Dutch landowner
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378:. His toll bridge provided access and opened his land to settlement. Later, it carried the
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573: train on the upper level. The first bridge opened in 1895 and was later relocated to
362:
at Marble Hill near what is now West 230th Street in the Bronx. Originally a merchant in
8:
2734:
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2217:
2197:
1775:"If You're Thinking of Living In Spuyten Duyvil; Sunsets Over the Palisades, and Legends"
534:
383:
219:
37:
27:
Tidal estuary connecting the Hudson River to the Harlem River Ship Canal in New York City
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837:
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347:
340:
321:
271:
1377:"If You're Thinking of Living In/Marble Hill; Tiny Slice of Manhattan on the Mainland"
2608:
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2487:
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2315:
2098:
1968:
1947:
1884:"Streetscapes/Henry Hudson Bridge; A Controversial '36 Span Through Dreamy Isolation"
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211:
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223:
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published in 1809. Set in the 17th century, the story tells of fictional trumpeter
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lies to the north of the estuary creek, and the adjacent Manhattan neighborhood of
86:
1909:
1518:"Parades Along The Canal: The Details for Harlem's Festal Day Have Been Completed"
1072:
Some Cursory Remarks Made by James Birket in His Voyage to North America 1750-1751
235:(2009) by David L. Gold, which includes commentary by Rob Rentenaar, professor of
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1937:
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Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers to the Secretary of War for the Year 1875
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210:, "to spite the Devil" or "in spite of the devil", was popularized by a story in
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1939:
Concrete Jungle: New York City and Our Last Best Hope for a Sustainable Future
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266:, was shared with a triangular island formed by the junction of the creek and
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History of Spuyten Duyvil Creek from Washington Heights & Inwood Online
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Three bridges cross the Spuyten Duyvil Creek; from west to east, they are:
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Spuyten Duyvil Creek was originally a narrow tidal strait connecting the
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underneath Broadway, with the old right-of-way becoming Tibbett Avenue.
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308:, which flowed in an S-shaped course southwest and then north into the
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Native Americans referred to the creek by several names. The first was
236:
814:"Dispute Springs Eternal Over 'Spuyten Duyvil'" (letter to the editor)
32:
2124:
1464:
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351:
154:
150:
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What was a southern meander of Spuyten Duyvil Creek is now a bay in
1554:
1171:"An Underground Brook, Gallons of Sewage and a Century-Old Problem"
149:. The confluence of the three water bodies separate the island of
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1476:
1396:
1057:
Life, Journals and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL. D.
68:
515:
247:
999:"Macomb Landmarks: Acquisitions at Paparinemin, King's Bridge"
121:
104:
1060:, p. 227. Cincinnati, Ohio: Rovert Clark & Company, 1888.
939:"TIBBETT GARDENS: PHASE 1A ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT"
585:; the current bridge, the third on the site, opened in 1962.
366:, Philipse had purchased vast landholdings in what was then
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115:
98:
1878:
1876:
1541:
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Fly ~ Vlei ~ Vley ~ Vlaie ~ Vly" in Gold, David L. (2009)
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190:. It may be literally translated as "Spouting Devil" or
1873:
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483:; the peninsula now contains the park's Nature Center.
202:
is a Dutch word involving outlets for water. Historian
1861:
1846:
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Native Americans: Van Cortlandt & Pelham Bay Parks
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Marble Hill was cut off from Manhattan except for the
1305:
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to the east, both of which were fed by the waters of
92:
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1270:
1228:
New York City Department of Environmental Protection
633:"Names of Places: General Principles of Place Names"
118:
112:
101:
95:
918:
466:; and the temporary island, comprising present-day
350:, a Dutch nobleman who had sworn allegiance to the
109:
89:
1967:. New York, NY: Countryman Press. pp. 56–59.
1932:
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1088:
1004:Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York
637:Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York
1843:magazine, Volume 84, No . 3 pages 204-252 (2009).
1425:
1355:
1353:
1351:
672:American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society
537:, a bi-level steel arch toll bridge carrying the
2875:
1629:Tax Block & Tax Lot Base Map Files on CD-ROM
708:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
555:carrying pedestrian and vehicular traffic using
2833:Geography of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary
1917:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
1645:
1574:
1572:
1408:
946:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
779:
324:, emptying into the Harlem River system at the
36:The mouth of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek with the
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627:
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429:known as "Boltons' Canal" or "Dyckman Canal".
2014:
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948:, Historical Perspectives. January 30, 1987
612:
581:on the Harlem River, becoming known as the
2021:
2007:
752:
389:
326:Wards Island Water Pollution Control Plant
1640:New York City Department of City Planning
851:
52:Spuyten Duyvil Creek, King's Bridge, and
1960:
1867:
1855:
1683:
1440:. C. G. Burgoyne, printer. March 8, 1892
1375:Jackson, Nancy Beth (January 26, 2003).
1255:
1143:"Underground brook beckons to activists"
1103:
966:
730:
704:"Inwood Hill Park: Spuyten Duyvil Creek"
67:
59:
47:
31:
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14:
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1809:Washington Heights & Inwood Online
1802:
1796:
1547:
1140:
1011:(62). J.B. Lyon Company: 136–139. 1918
967:Anderson, Marianne O'Hea (June 1996).
295:to the west and the headwaters of the
178:Spuyten Duyvil, Bronx § Etymology
2002:
1827:
1168:
216:A Knickerbocker's History of New York
168:lies to the north of the Ship Canal.
1141:Isabel, Angell (February 24, 2016).
1117:"Van Cortlandt Park: Tibbetts Brook"
733:"History of the Name Spuyten Duyvil"
731:McDonald, Rabecca (April 29, 2010).
222:summoned by Dutch colonial governor
1550:"The forgotten streams of New York"
1548:Duncan, Steve (December 13, 2013).
852:Baumstone, Hal (January 28, 1988).
354:upon the British takeover of Dutch
24:
854:"Stanford News: Legend or History"
831:Ed Boland Jr. (October 13, 2002).
25:
2920:
2825:. Smaller ponds may not be shown.
1982:
1277:States Dyckman: American Loyalist
458:with rock from the excavation of
1919:. September 11, 1984. p. 1.
1803:Renner, James (September 2005).
1588:. January 15, 1928. p. B4.
1169:Dwyer, Jim (February 16, 2016).
898:, and Regional American English
410:
398:
286:
85:
40:(foreground) and the railroad's
1936:and Horenstein, Sidney (2014).
1902:
1767:
1741:
1715:
1689:
1622:
1510:
1134:
1082:
1063:
1048:
1023:
1944:University of California Press
1617:Eldredge & Horenstein 2014
1471:Eldredge & Horenstein 2014
1459:Eldredge & Horenstein 2014
1420:Eldredge & Horenstein 2014
1403:Eldredge & Horenstein 2014
1360:Eldredge & Horenstein 2014
1121:New York City Parks Department
1089:Eldredge & Horenstein 2014
978:New York City Parks Department
904:. Universidad de Alicante.
876:
845:
824:
806:
659:
563:) on the lower level, and the
490:, a combination road and rail
451:construction of the IRT subway
13:
1:
2763:Croton Distributing Reservoir
1836:The Minerals of New York City
601:
1994:Tracing Spuyten Duyvil today
1336:: 224–237. February 18, 1875
894:, the New Jersey Place Name
833:"F.Y.I. – Beating the Devil"
370:. Granted the title Lord of
171:
7:
1910:"University Heights Bridge"
1805:"Johnson Ironworks Factory"
858:Pine Plains Register Herald
589:
432:With the completion of the
10:
2925:
2894:Rivers of New York (state)
2829:Geography of New York City
2821:Former waterways shown in
1334:Government Printing Office
645:New York State Legislature
596:List of rivers of New York
497:
439:New York State Legislature
281:
175:
160:The Bronx neighborhood of
2819:
2779:
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2188:
2170:
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2154:
2107:
2081:
2046:
2037:
1961:Kadinsky, Sergey (2016).
583:University Heights Bridge
229:An extensive appendix to
2697:Williamsbridge Reservoir
1942:. Berkeley, California:
1839:originally published in
1282:Fordham University Press
1075:New Haven, Connecticut:
780:Stephen Jenkins (1912).
328:via underground sewers.
188:Dutch West India Company
2641:Meadow and Willow Lakes
1634:August 5, 2007, at the
1586:New York Herald Tribune
738:New York Public Library
390:Harlem River Ship Canal
241:University of Amsterdam
143:Harlem River Ship Canal
56:area, 1777 military map
18:Harlem River Ship Canal
2909:Marble Hill, Manhattan
2682:Crotona Park Reservoir
1487:"Harlem Canal Parades"
460:Grand Central Terminal
204:Reginald Pelham Bolton
77:
65:
57:
45:
2904:Spuyten Duyvil, Bronx
2860:40.87500°N 73.91806°W
2687:Jerome Park Reservoir
2661:Roy Wilkins Park Pond
1603:– via ProQuest.
1077:Yale University Press
508:Spuyten Duyvil Bridge
462:'s foundation during
184:Adriaen van der Donck
176:Further information:
71:
63:
51:
42:Spuyten Duyvil Bridge
35:
2770:Highbridge Reservoir
2142:Spuyten Duyvil Creek
1841:Rocks & Minerals
1272:James Thomas Flexner
565:New York City Subway
553:vertical lift bridge
539:Henry Hudson Parkway
81:Spuyten Duyvil Creek
2889:Rivers of Manhattan
2884:Rivers of the Bronx
2865:40.87500; -73.91806
2856: /
2656:Ridgewood Reservoir
2218:East Rockaway Inlet
1473:, pp. 102–105.
1461:, pp. 104–105.
1422:, pp. 103–105.
821:(November 14, 1993)
788:G. P. Putnam's Sons
535:Henry Hudson Bridge
384:American Revolution
220:Anthony Van Corlaer
145:and then on to the
38:Henry Hudson Bridge
2725:Conservatory Water
2692:Van Cortlandt Lake
2651:Prospect Park Lake
2411:Coney Island Creek
2324:City Island Harbor
2190:Lower New York Bay
2172:Upper New York Bay
2056:Buttermilk Channel
1888:The New York Times
1779:The New York Times
1753:The New York Times
1727:The New York Times
1701:The New York Times
1526:The New York Times
1495:The New York Times
1382:The New York Times
1284:. pp. 12–15.
1176:The New York Times
1091:, pp. 102–103
838:The New York Times
818:The New York Times
368:Westchester County
348:Frederick Philipse
341:Kingsbridge, Bronx
322:Van Cortlandt Park
318:Westchester County
78:
66:
58:
46:
2839:
2838:
2815:
2814:
2740:Onassis Reservoir
2588:
2587:
2503:Westchester Creek
2493:Rattlesnake Creek
2357:
2356:
2316:Long Island Sound
2270:
2269:
2150:
2149:
2099:Long Island Sound
1974:978-1-58157-566-8
1953:978-0-520-27015-2
1890:. August 10, 2003
1729:. January 9, 1926
1291:978-0-8232-1369-6
913:978-8-47-90851-79
862:Fultonhistory.com
812:Sypher, Frank J.
278:, was also used.
212:Washington Irving
44:in the background
16:(Redirected from
2916:
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2870:
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2867:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2646:Potamogeton Pond
2599:
2598:
2483:Hutchinson River
2389:
2388:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2082:Other interstate
2044:
2043:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1978:
1957:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1844:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1811:. Archived from
1800:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1755:. August 4, 1935
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1703:. March 12, 1923
1693:
1687:
1681:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1649:
1643:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1522:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1491:
1483:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1432:
1423:
1417:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1372:
1363:
1357:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1330:Washington, D.C.
1318:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1274:(January 1992).
1268:
1259:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1225:
1217:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
975:
964:
958:
957:
955:
953:
943:
935:
916:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
849:
843:
842:
828:
822:
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
777:
750:
749:
747:
745:
728:
719:
718:
716:
714:
700:
675:
663:
657:
656:
654:
652:
629:
572:
481:Inwood Hill Park
464:its construction
414:
402:
380:Boston Post Road
224:Peter Stuyvesant
192:Spuitende Duivel
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
21:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2874:
2873:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2826:
2811:
2775:
2701:
2670:
2594:
2584:
2551:
2507:
2488:Pugsley's Creek
2466:
2421:Gerritsen Creek
2387:
2363:
2362:Rivers, creeks,
2353:
2339:Little Neck Bay
2329:Eastchester Bay
2310:
2266:
2228:Paerdegat Basin
2184:
2146:
2103:
2077:
2066:Ambrose Channel
2048:New York Harbor
2033:
2027:
1985:
1975:
1954:
1934:Eldredge, Niles
1924:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1847:
1833:Betts, John H.
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1815:on July 8, 2009
1801:
1797:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:Wayback Machine
1627:
1623:
1615:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1529:. June 16, 1895
1520:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1498:. June 17, 1895
1489:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1320:
1319:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1230:. June 30, 2004
1223:
1219:
1218:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1148:Riverdale Press
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1068:
1064:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
973:
965:
961:
951:
949:
941:
937:
936:
919:
881:
877:
867:
865:
850:
846:
829:
825:
811:
807:
797:
795:
778:
753:
743:
741:
729:
722:
712:
710:
702:
701:
678:
664:
660:
650:
648:
631:
630:
613:
604:
592:
568:
549:Broadway Bridge
520:Empire Corridor
500:
488:Broadway Bridge
426:
425:
424:
423:
422:
419:Broadway Bridge
415:
407:
406:
403:
392:
356:New Netherlands
289:
284:
180:
174:
137:connecting the
108:
88:
84:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2837:
2836:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2797:Sharrotts Pond
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2717:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2568:Richmond Creek
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2498:Tibbetts Brook
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2461:Sunswick Creek
2457:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Flushing River
2413:
2408:
2405:Bushwick Inlet
2401:
2395:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2260:Sheepshead Bay
2257:
2255:Dead Horse Bay
2250:Rockaway Inlet
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2155:Bays and coves
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2137:Rockaway Inlet
2134:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2073:New York Bight
2070:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1983:External links
1981:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1958:
1952:
1923:
1922:
1901:
1872:
1860:
1845:
1826:
1795:
1781:. May 29, 1994
1766:
1740:
1714:
1688:
1671:
1644:
1621:
1619:, p. 105.
1606:
1568:
1540:
1509:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1424:
1407:
1405:, p. 104.
1395:
1364:
1362:, p. 102.
1347:
1304:
1290:
1260:
1241:
1189:
1161:
1133:
1108:
1093:
1081:
1062:
1047:
1031:"Watercourses"
1022:
990:
959:
917:
892:Spuyten Duyvil
875:
844:
823:
805:
751:
720:
676:
658:
647:: 99–107. 1911
610:
603:
600:
599:
598:
591:
588:
587:
586:
546:
531:
499:
496:
416:
409:
408:
404:
397:
396:
395:
394:
393:
391:
388:
372:Philipse Manor
301:Tibbetts Brook
288:
285:
283:
280:
268:Tibbetts Brook
208:folk etymology
173:
170:
162:Spuyten Duyvil
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2921:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2872:
2869:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:Staten Island
2778:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Pool and Loch
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:Lakes, ponds,
2591:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:Staten Island
2554:
2548:
2547:Sherman Creek
2545:
2543:
2542:
2541:Sawkill Creek
2538:
2536:
2535:
2534:Minetta Creek
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Newtown Creek
2448:
2446:
2445:
2444:Kissena Creek
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:Hawtree Creek
2429:
2427:
2426:Gowanus Canal
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2383:Raritan River
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2306:Wallabout Bay
2304:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Gravesend Bay
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:Kill Van Kull
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:Tidal straits
2036:
2032:
2031:New York City
2029:Waterways of
2024:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1870:, p. 58.
1869:
1868:Kadinsky 2016
1864:
1858:, p. 59.
1857:
1856:Kadinsky 2016
1852:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1686:, p. 57.
1685:
1684:Kadinsky 2016
1680:
1678:
1676:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1544:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1258:, p. 56.
1257:
1256:Kadinsky 2016
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1229:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1106:, p. 69.
1105:
1104:Kadinsky 2016
1100:
1098:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1000:
994:
979:
972:
971:
963:
947:
940:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
915:
914:
910:
907:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:Gramercy Park
879:
863:
859:
855:
848:
840:
839:
834:
827:
820:
819:
815:
809:
793:
789:
785:
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776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
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734:
727:
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705:
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673:
669:
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616:
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566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:that carries
513:
510:, a railroad
509:
505:
504:
503:
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493:
489:
484:
482:
477:
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465:
461:
457:
452:
447:
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440:
435:
430:
420:
413:
401:
387:
385:
381:
377:
376:Sleepy Hollow
373:
369:
365:
364:New Amsterdam
361:
360:King's Bridge
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
298:
294:
287:Early history
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:Shorackhappok
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
233:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
179:
169:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:New York City
132:
131:tidal estuary
129:) is a short
126:
82:
75:
70:
62:
55:
50:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2899:Harlem River
2841:
2822:
2807:Wolfe's Pond
2768:
2761:
2720:Central Park
2714:Collect Pond
2712:
2636:Kissena Lake
2613:
2609:Baisley Pond
2539:
2532:
2527:Canal Street
2525:
2520:Broad Street
2518:
2459:
2455:Spring Creek
2442:
2435:
2403:
2371:Hudson River
2294:Flushing Bay
2284:Anable Basin
2240:Prince's Bay
2213:Bergen Basin
2163:New York Bay
2141:
2132:Harlem River
1963:
1938:
1927:Bibliography
1926:
1925:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1887:
1863:
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2802:Silver Lake
2787:Clove Lakes
2755:Turtle Pond
2730:Harlem Meer
2666:Strack Pond
2626:Golden Pond
2615:Beaver Pond
2602:Long Island
2575:Lemon Creek
2563:Fresh Kills
2478:Bronx River
2437:Horse Brook
2392:Long Island
2376:North River
2349:Udalls Cove
2334:LeRoy's Bay
2245:Raritan Bay
2208:Jamaica Bay
2203:Great Kills
2180:Gowanus Bay
2089:Arthur Kill
2061:The Narrows
1894:January 18,
1819:January 15,
1785:January 18,
1759:January 18,
1733:January 18,
1707:January 18,
864:. p. 8
790:. pp.
468:Marble Hill
337:Marble Hill
272:Kingsbridge
270:in today's
264:Papiriniman
166:Marble Hill
74:Inwood Park
54:Marble Hill
2878:Categories
2848:40°52′30″N
2827:See also:
2631:Goose Pond
2621:Bowne Lake
2595:reservoirs
2399:Alley Pond
2344:Pelham Bay
2299:Little Bay
2289:Bowery Bay
2276:East River
2235:Newark Bay
2223:Mill Basin
2120:East River
2115:Bronx Kill
2108:Intra-city
1599:January 1,
1594:1113422409
1561:January 2,
1533:January 3,
1502:January 3,
1444:January 2,
1388:January 2,
1340:January 2,
1297:January 2,
1234:January 2,
1182:January 2,
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983:January 5,
952:January 2,
906:pp.145-146
868:January 2,
798:January 2,
744:January 2,
713:January 2,
670:, p. 106.
651:January 4,
602:References
543:NY 9A
434:Erie Canal
339:to modern
310:East River
260:Paparinemo
252:Shorakapok
246:The local
237:onomastics
2851:73°55′5″W
2792:Long Pond
2706:Manhattan
2675:The Bronx
2580:New Creek
2512:Manhattan
2471:The Bronx
2125:Hell Gate
888:Hell Gate
643:(55–58).
561:US 9
492:lift span
456:filled in
172:Etymology
155:the Bronx
151:Manhattan
64:1842 view
1664:June 18,
1632:Archived
1590:ProQuest
1555:The Week
1040:July 18,
896:Barnegat
590:See also
557:Broadway
522:between
476:held out
346:In 1693
276:Muscoota
2823:italics
1079:, 1916.
498:Bridges
314:Yonkers
282:History
239:at the
186:to the
141:to the
2364:canals
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890:, and
528:Albany
516:Amtrak
248:Lenape
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974:(PDF)
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607:Notes
352:Crown
196:Dutch
153:from
2745:Pond
2735:Lake
1969:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1896:2020
1821:2010
1787:2020
1761:2020
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1666:2015
1601:2021
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551:, a
533:The
526:and
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