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following a dispute with Robert
Vincent, a white man, over ashes that Vincent wanted removed from a tenant's house. They fought in the morning and Vincent chased Tubman with an axe, but he was not able to catch him. Later in the day, he saw Tubman and shot him in the forehead. Vincent drove on without checking Tubman's condition. Tubman was killed instantly. Vincent was arrested on November 4, 1867. He was tried, and was found not guilty. He had claimed to the all-white jury that Tubman had come after him with a club.
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he reached the age of 21. Edward did not pay for the construction and
Thompson sued him in 1823. Brodess counter-sued stating that he did not like the house. The case dragged on into 1827, mostly because Brodess did not appear in court. But Brodess ultimately won the case. In the meantime, in 1823 or 1824, Brodess declared ownership of Rit and her children and had them brought over to the Brodess farm, separating Ben from his family.
26:, far left, with family and neighbors, circa 1887, at her home in Auburn, NY. Left to right: Harriet Tubman; Gertie Davis (adopted daughter); Nelson Davis (husband); Lee Chaney (neighbor's child); "Pop" John Alexander (elderly boarder in Tubman's home); Walter Green (neighbor's child); Blind "Aunty" Sarah Parker (elderly boarder); Dora Stewart (great-niece and granddaughter of Tubman's brother Robert Ross aka John Stewart).
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249:. Around 1823 or early 1824, after the death of Mary Pattison Brodess Thompson, Edward had Rit and her five children moved ten miles away to the Brodess farm in Bucktown, where she worked as a domestic servant. Edward sold her daughter Linah. He attempted to sell her son Moses to a slave trader from Georgia, but Rit traded off hiding him in the woods and her cabin until the trader gave up and left.
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southern
Caroline County, where Thompson sent free laborers and enslaved people. Poplar Neck is approximately 35 miles from Peters Neck, where Tubman was born. Ben once said that Dr. Thompson was "a rough man towards his slaves, and declared, that he had not given him a dollar since the death of his father". He ultimately sold his 10 acres to Dr. Thompson.
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Tubman and Davis operated a 7-acre farm and brick business in Auburn. They raised chickens and pigs and grew potatoes, vegetables and apples. Tubman sold butter and eggs. Tubman also continued to board people. Rit Ross lived at the house, as did four boarders. Between 1882 and 1884, their frame house
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Ben purchased his wife's freedom from Eliza Ann
Brodess for $ 20 (equivalent to $ 654 in 2023) in 1854 or 1855, and the bill of sale was recorded on June 11, 1855, at the Dorchester County Court. Rit was not manumitted because a law of Maryland did not permit for enslaved people over age 45 to be
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Family members of enslaved people were often spread out over a distance. Sometimes it was because they were sold to other slaveholders, in other cases because their enslaver had multiple properties that required slaves to be rotated across several residences. Sometimes, enslaved people were hired out
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For ten years, during multiple attempts, Tubman tried to rescue her sister Rachel, and her children, Angerine and Ben. During those attempts, Rachel had been separated from her children and she would not leave without them. In late 1860, Tubman found that Rachel had died and she was unable to rescue
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Edward
Brodess decided not to honor the stipulation in Pattison's will that would have freed Rit and her children at the age of 45. Edward died in 1849. Eliza Ann Brodess inherited her husband Edward's estate. Edward, and then his wife, Eliza Ann, hired Rit out and kept the money that Tubman earned.
237:
In
January 1797, Pattison died and left Rit to his granddaughter Mary Pattison, who was the wife of Joseph Brodess. There was a stipulation in Pattison's will that she and her children should be freed when they reached forty five years of age. In 1803, Mary Pattison Brodess married Anthony Thompson,
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Anthony
Thompson died in 1836. In the early 1840s, Ben was emancipated and received 10 acres of land following Anthony Thompson's death, as stipulated in his will. Thompson's son, Dr. Anthony C. Thompson, a "timber magnate" and a physician, inherited the estate. He also owned Poplar Neck, an area in
85:
Anthony
Thompson married Mary Pattison Brodess, which brought together enslaved people from their families. Edward Brodess, son of Mary, became Thompson's stepson. Around the time of Tubman's birth, there was conflict in the family over a house in Bucktown that Anthony Thompson built for Edward when
44:
Tubman's parents—Benjamin "Ben" Ross and
Harriett “Rit" Greene Ross—were enslaved people who were owned by two different families. Their lives came together when Mary Pattison Brodess, Rit's owner, married Anthony Thompson. Ben Ross, owned by Thompson, met and married Rit Greene. They lived together
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Realizing she was to be sold following her enslaver's death, Tubman escaped in 1849, when she was 27 years of age. She returned to lead her husband north with her, and she brought a new suit for him to wear on the trip north. However, he had married another woman who was free. He was killed in 1867
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Tubman married a free man, John Tubman in 1844. In 1849, Tubman fled the area, believing that she was going to be sold. She returned to the area to bring John Tubman north with her, but he had already married another woman. Tubman operated a boarding house out of her home in Auburn and Nelson Davis
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Content as it was stated in the source: I had crossed de line of which I had so long been dreaming. I was free; but dere was no one to welcome me to de land of freedom, I was a stranger in a strange land, and my home after all was down in de old cabin quarter wid de ole folks, and my brothers and
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in early 1859 and the house was a haven for family and friends. In 1866, Tubman met Nelson Davis from
Elizabeth City when he became a boarder at her house. He lived at her house for three years and they were married on March 18, 1869, at the Central Presbyterian Church. Davis was more than twenty
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Three of Tubman's brothers worked at a plantation near a free black named Jacob Jackson. In 1854, Tubman had a letter sent to Jackson to coordinate the escape of the young men. She would look for them at her parents' home at Poplar Neck in Caroline County. The end of the letter states "tell my
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Ben and Rit had nine children together. Dorchester County records provide the names of Harriet's four sisters: Linah (b. 1808), Mariah Ritty (b. 1811), Soph (b. 1813), and Rachel—and four brothers: Robert (b. 1816), Ben (b. 1824), Henry, and Moses. Harriet also considered two of her nieces as
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I had crossed the line of which I had so long been dreaming. I was free; but there was no one to welcome me to the land of freedom, I was a stranger in a strange land, and my home after all was down in the old cabin quarter with the old folks, and my brothers and sisters. But to this solemn
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Tubman arrived in Caroline County, Maryland with a horse and a makeshift wagon to pick up her parents, as well as the belongings they most treasured on their trip north. They traveled at night to a train that took them to Wilmington, Delaware, where they waited for Harriet at the home of
78:
for work. Children born to an enslaved woman were owned by the mother's slaveholder. In the case of Harriet Tubman's family members, their lives changed as needed to meet their slaveholder's needs. Their slaveholders were the white Brodess, Pattison, Stewart, and Thompson families of the
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Fearing that she was going to be sold away from Maryland, Tubman ran away in 1849. She followed the "north star" and was aided by white and black people to make her way north. Her parents were among the people that she brought north and out of slavery. They escaped with Tubman in 1857.
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Ross family sites in Maryland. Ben lived at Peters Neck, and for awhile Rit and 5 children lived there as well. Rit and her children lived at Brodess Farm beginning about 1824. Ben later lived at Poplar Neck, and Rit joined him there after he purchased her freedom around
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He was a conductor on the Underground Railroad, which included hiding people on his property in Caroline County. The increase in successful escapes drew the attention of local law enforcement in 1857. He was seen as a "primary agitator", such as with the escape of the
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She was married in 1844 to John Tubman, a free man. He was a neighbor of Ben Ross. Tubman had asked for permission to marry and live with John, which she received, but she was still to work for Brodess. She changed her given name about the same time, becoming
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She made 13 trips to Maryland to bring back her brothers and parents, other family members, friends and others. She did not know of the whereabout of her sisters, except Rachel who was separated from her children and died before the family could be reunited.
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was burned down, and a brick building was constructed. Around that time, Davis was very ill, requiring care, and he was unable to work. She also helped out family members in need, like her nephew John Henry Stewart's surviving wife Eliza and three children.
168:, the property of wealthy landowner Anthony Thompson, who married Mary Pattison in 1803. She was the slaveholder of Rit Greene. Ben and Rit were married in 1808, through an informal marital ceremony, which was their only option to commit to one another.
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until about 1823 or 1824, when Rit and their children went to the Brodess farm. Ben was a timber estimator and foreman and Rit was a domestic servant. After Ben was freed, he bought his wife's freedom. Ben was a conductor on the
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He continued to work as a foreman and lumber estimator by hiring himself out within the Eastern Shore for $ 5 (equivalent to $ 164 in 2023) a day. He saved his earnings to buy his wife's freedom.
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brothers to be always watching unto prayer and when the good ship of Zion comes along, to be ready to step on board." She was particularly concerned that her brothers would be sold to the Deep South.
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Gorney Pattison, great-grandson of Atthow, filed a lawsuit against Brodess for the monies that she earned, since she and her husband had not honored Atthow Pattison's wishes. Pattison lost the case.
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Born Araminta "Minty" Ross, her parents were Benjamin "Ben" and Harriet "Rit" Greene Ross. They were "respected as clever, honest, and religious people with a strong sense of family loyalty".
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Edward Brodess sold three of Tubman's sisters, whom she never saw again. A trader later wanted to buy her youngest brother, Moses, but Rit was able to resist being separated from her son.
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sisters. But to dis solemn resolution I came: I was free and dey should be free also. I would make a home for dem in de North, and de Lord helping me, I would bring democracy all here.
175:, where they were used to build ships. In the late 1830s and early 1840s, Ben and Tubman both worked on digging canals for Lewis and John T. Stewart, who were shipbuilders.
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and slaveholders were becoming suspicious of his role in escapes in the area. Tubman, having freed other family members, rescued her parents. After a short period in
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resolution I came: I was free and they should be free also. I would make a home for them in the North, and the Lord helping me, I would bring democracy all here.
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Davis died in 1888 of tuberculosis. Under the name Harriet Tubman Davis, she filed for pension benefits, which were provided for Civil War veterans' spouses.
65:. They adopted a girl, Gertie, and operated several businesses out of their farm. They raised pigs and chickens, operating a farm selling eggs and butter.
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Tubman made a meager income chopping and selling wood and working for farmers. Her parents spent a difficult winter, subject to illnesses from the cold.
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for Tubman and her parents. Her parents lived in Auburn the rest of their lives. When Tubman was away on Underground Railroad trips or during the
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Her brother John, his wife Millie, and their son Moses lived next to Tubman in Auburn. A number of nieces and nephews lived in Auburn, New York.
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222:. Tubman believed that Modesty had arrived in the colonies on a ship from Africa. Her grandmother may have come from the area now known as
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and political activist. Tubman escaped slavery and rescued approximately 70 enslaved people, including members of her family and friends.
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years younger than Tubman. He was first known as Nelson Charles who had worked for a Charles family and probably escaped slavery by the
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309:, friends looked after her parents. Ben died about 1871 in Auburn, New York. Rit died in October 1880, nearly 100 years of age.
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In 1850, George Charles had 22 slaves, two of whom were 5 and 6 years of age. This would have been his age at that time.
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Ben was a lumberman who supervised slaves who brought down poplar, oak, and cypress trees. He then transported them to
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Initially, her enslaved parents and siblings lived in Ben Ross's cabin on the Anthony Thompson farm at Peters Neck in
413:. After he escaped, he changed his name to Nelson Davis, using the surname of his father, Milford Davis. He lived in
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includes her birth family; her two husbands, John Tubman and Nelson Davis; and her adopted daughter Gertie Davis.
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Schraff said that when Rit was about ten years old, she went with her mother to the plantation of Edward Brodas.
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who had an enslaved man named Benjamin Ross. She died in 1809 and her son Edward inherited her estate.
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Harriet Tubman, Nelson Davis, and behind them Gertie Davis, circa 1887, at her home in Auburn, New York
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210:. Rit and her mother Modesty were owned by Atthow Pattison, and they lived on his 265-acre farm near
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boarded with her for three years before they were married in 1869. Davis fought during the
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in Ontario, Canada, where Tubman had her headquarters and waited for fugitive slaves.
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819:"Presidential Proclamation -- Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument"
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1150:"Journeying toward Freedom and New Beginnings (U.S. National Park Service)"
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Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman: Portrait of an American Hero
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726:"Historic Find: Archaeologists discover home of Harriet Tubman's father"
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301:, the governor of New York, helped arrange for the purchase of land in
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1207:"Harriet Tubman's life continues to inspire people around the world"
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The Life of Harriet Tubman: Moses of the Underground Railroad
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The Life of Harriet Tubman: Moses of the Underground Railroad
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Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park
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set free. She then lived at Ben's cabin in Caroline County.
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in Ontario, Canada, Tubman and her parents settled in the
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1126:"Life of Harriet Tubman's husband intrigues historians"
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1635:The Railroad to Freedom: A Story of the Civil War
945:"The new face of the $ 20: where her story began"
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411:National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom
164:Around 1785 or 1787, Benjamin Ross was born in
1520:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad State Park
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1715:People from Dorchester County, Maryland
1542:Harriet Tubman National Historical Park
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286:. After a stop in Philadelphia to meet
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1667:Minty: A Story of Young Harriet Tubman
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1065:"Myths and Facts About Harriet Tubman"
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318:sisters: Harriet and Kessiah Jolley.
1351:Larson, Kate Clifford (2009-02-19).
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1557:Salem Chapel National Historic Site
247:Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge
212:Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge
206:Rit was born about 1785 or 1787 in
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290:, they headed north on a train to
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1357:. Random House Publishing Group.
313:Siblings and other family members
230:. People of that area are of the
1232:"Talbot County - Robert Vincent"
1124:Hampton, Jeff (April 11, 2009).
1019:Schraff, Anne (September 2014).
675:Schraff, Anne (September 2014).
646:"Inspiration along Tubman byway"
525:"Benjamin Ross MSA SC 5496-8445"
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899:"Harriet Ross MSA SC 5496-8444"
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16:Family of American abolitionist
1532:Harriet Tubman Memorial Garden
409:, which are both sites on the
388:Tubman established herself in
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1:
704:, pp. xvi, 261, 296–297.
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392:on land that she bought from
198:outside of Auburn, New York.
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790:"Peters Neck to Poplar Neck"
401:around 1861, perhaps on the
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33:(1822–1913) was an American
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243:Dorchester County, Maryland
208:Dorchester County, Maryland
166:Dorchester County, Maryland
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732:. 2021-04-25. pp. A26
330:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
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1205:Dean, Gail (2005-02-04).
1006:, pp. xvi–xvii, 2–3.
652:. 2017-03-09. pp. E4
80:Eastern Shore of Maryland
1257:"Arrest. Robert Vincent"
877:, pp. 261, 296–297.
650:The Atlanta Constitution
560:. 2002-07-30. p. 10
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220:Little Blackwater Rivers
1606:Harriet Tubman Memorial
1593:Harriet Tubman Memorial
1263:. 1867-11-04. p. 4
1238:. 1867-10-17. p. 1
415:Oneida County, New York
365:Partus sequitur ventrem
90:Ben and Rit Greene Ross
39:Harriet Tubman's family
1434:Raid on Combahee Ferry
845:, pp. xvii–xviii.
421:and fought during the
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340:her niece and nephew.
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201:
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1659:The Quest for Freedom
1580:Harriet Tubman Square
1537:Harriet Tubman Museum
1072:National Park Service
570:Part 1 of the article
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268:
245:, in what is now the
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1651:A Woman Called Moses
1643:A Woman Called Moses
1480:Nelson Charles Davis
1417:Underground Railroad
991:, pp. xvi–xvii.
399:Underground Railroad
326:Underground Railroad
232:Ashanti ethnic group
155:class=notpageimage|
47:Underground Railroad
1547:Harriet Tubman Park
1325:, pp. 260–262.
1130:The Virginian Pilot
324:A conductor on the
261:Freedom in New York
1683:The Good Lord Bird
1575:Harriet Tubman Day
1492:Harriet "Rit" Ross
967:, pp. 10, 11.
423:American Civil War
407:Great Dismal Swamp
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307:American Civil War
63:American Civil War
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1686:(2020 miniseries)
1654:(1978 miniseries)
1364:978-0-307-51476-9
1261:The Baltimore Sun
1032:978-0-7660-6139-2
688:978-0-7660-6139-2
558:The Star-Democrat
394:William H. Seward
299:William H. Seward
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1422:Tilly Escape
1353:
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1265:. Retrieved
1260:
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1215:. Retrieved
1213:. p. 10
1210:
1184:. Retrieved
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984:
979:, p. 5.
972:
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949:. Retrieved
947:. 2016-03-10
929:, p. 8.
906:. Retrieved
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827:. Retrieved
825:. 2013-03-25
822:
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35:abolitionist
29:
1678:(2019 film)
1670:(1996 book)
1662:(1992 film)
1638:(1932 book)
1513:and museums
1474:John Tubman
1428:Dover Eight
1335:Larson 2009
1323:Larson 2009
1311:Larson 2009
1299:Larson 2009
1284:Larson 2009
1154:www.nps.gov
1103:Larson 2009
1091:Larson 2009
1049:Larson 2009
1004:Larson 2009
989:Larson 2009
977:Larson 2009
965:Larson 2009
927:Larson 2009
875:Larson 2009
858:Larson 2009
843:Larson 2009
794:Google maps
702:Larson 2009
613:www.nps.gov
587:Larson 2009
491:Larson 2009
352:John Tubman
188:Dover Eight
133:Peters Neck
119:Poplar Neck
1704:Categories
1625:Literature
1451:Birthplace
1267:2021-05-29
1242:2021-05-29
1217:2021-05-29
1186:2021-05-29
1181:HistoryNet
1159:2021-05-29
1135:2021-05-26
1077:2021-05-27
951:2021-05-29
908:2021-05-28
829:2021-05-26
799:2021-05-27
775:2021-05-27
736:2021-05-26
656:2021-05-26
618:2021-05-26
564:2021-05-28
534:2021-05-27
475:References
419:Union army
228:Gold Coast
216:Blackwater
73:Background
1482:(husband)
1476:(husband)
1444:Locations
770:Biography
347:Marriages
173:Baltimore
1627:and film
1595:(Boston)
1494:(mother)
1488:(father)
1486:Ben Ross
405:and the
274:—
1675:Harriet
1566:Homages
196:Fleming
1585:statue
1503:Legacy
1466:Family
1436:(1863)
1430:(1857)
1424:(1856)
1410:Events
1361:
1345:Source
1029:
685:
57:area.
1511:Parks
1456:Grave
1068:(PDF)
436:Notes
224:Ghana
159:1854.
1359:ISBN
1027:ISBN
683:ISBN
363:See
218:and
1613:SS
202:Rit
98:Ben
1706::
1291:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
