Harry Hay - Knowledge

668:(CPUSA); however, from the beginning, Hay was perturbed at the Party's hostility to homosexuals and its view that same-sex attraction was a deviance resulting from bourgeois society. Although he joined the Party in 1934, his involvement was largely restricted to attending fundraisers until 1936. In late 1937, Hay attended further classes in Marxist theory at which he came to fully understand and embrace the ideology, becoming a fully committed member of the Party. From the time he joined the Party until leaving it in the early 1950s, Hay taught courses in subjects ranging from Marxist theory to folk music at the "People's Educational Center" in Hollywood and later throughout the Los Angeles area. Hay, along with Roger Barlow and LeRoy Robbins, directed the 1937 short film 894:, it had cells, oaths of secrecy and five different levels of membership, each of which required greater levels of involvement and commitment. As the organization grew, the levels were expected to subdivide into new cells, creating the potential for both horizontal and vertical growth. The founding members constituted the "Fifth Order" and from the outset remained anonymous. Mattachine's membership grew slowly at first but received a major boost in February 1952 when founder Jennings was arrested in a Los Angeles park and charged with lewd behavior. Often, men in Jennings' situation would plead guilty to the charge and hope to quietly rebuild their lives. Jennings and the rest of the Fifth Order saw the charges as a means to address the issue of police 839:, Hay spoke with other gay men at a party about forming a gay support organization for the campaign called "Bachelors for Wallace". Encouraged by the response he received, Hay wrote out the organizing principles that night, a document he referred to as "The Call", however the men who had expressed an interest were not enthused the following morning. Over the next two years, Hay refined his idea, finally conceiving of an "international ... fraternal order" to serve as "a service and welfare organization devoted to the protection and improvement of Society's Androgynous Minority", the latter being a term that he later rejected. He planned to call this organization "Bachelors Anonymous" and envisioned it serving a similar function and purpose as 1404:"We know how to live through their eyes. We can always play their games, but are we denying ourselves by doing this? If you're going to carry the skin of conformity over you, you are going to suppress the beautiful prince or princess within you." Having rooted his political philosophy from the founding of Mattachine in the belief that homosexuals constituted a cultural minority, Hay was wary of discarding the unique attributes of that minority in favor of adopting the cultural traits of the majority for the purpose of societal acceptance. Having witnessed the move of Mattachine away from its founding Marxist activist principles and having seen the gay community marginalize 1321:, his speech included, "If the parents and friends of gays are truly friends of gays, they would know from their gay kids that the relationship with an older man is precisely what thirteen-, fourteen-, and fifteen-year-old kids need more than anything else in the world", as well as highlighting his own relationship with an adult man when he was fourteen, saying "I send to all of you my love and deep affection for what you offer to the boys, in honor of this boy when he was fourteen, and when he needed to know best of all what only another gay man could show him and tell him". He continued to speak on panels at NAMBLA events in 1984 and 1986, and at the 1986 352: 348:, also investing heavily in the stock market. Despite his wealth, Hay Sr. did not spoil his son, and made him work on the farm. Hay had a strained relationship with his father, whom he labelled "tyrannical". Hay Sr. would beat his son for perceived transgressions, with Hay later suspecting that his father disliked him for having effeminate traits. He was particularly influenced on one occasion when he noted that his father had made a factual error: "If my father could be wrong, then the teacher could be wrong. And if the teacher could be wrong, then the priest could be wrong. And if the priest could be wrong, then maybe even God could be wrong." 1047:. Local activists argued that it would devastate local farmland while benefitting the wealthy land owner Richard Cook, whose own land would be made fertile by the dam and who owned the company that was due to construct it. Hay organised the publication of literature on the subject, forming an umbrella activist group, and building it into a national campaign through the Nation-Wide Friends of the Rio Grande. The campaign was ultimately successful as the government rejected the plans in 1976. During the campaign, his mother died, and he was unable to return to Los Angeles for her memorial service. 1193:, lambasting politics as part of "the straight world". Another issue of contention was over what constituted a "Faerie"; Hay had an idealized image of what someone with "gay consciousness" thought and acted like, and turned away some prospective members of the Circle because he disagreed with their views. One prospective member, the gay theater director John Callaghan, joined the circle in February 1980, but was soon ejected by Hay after he voiced concern about hostility toward heterosexuals among the group. 1252: 1088: 1436: 44: 878:

twelve years, meanwhile cutting out most of his friends from that social milieu. He informed the Communist Party of the news, recommending that he be expelled; the Party forbade homosexuals from being members. Although they agreed and discharged him as a "security risk", they also declared him a "Lifelong Friend of the People" in recognition of his many years of service. Hay's relationship with Gernreich ended not long after, with Hay entering a relationship with Danish

1189:; however they found it difficult to gain the same change of consciousness that had been present at the rural gathering. The group began to discuss what the Faerie movement was developing into; Hay encouraged them to embark on political activism, using Marxism and his Subject-SUBJECT consciousness theory as a framework for bringing about societal change. Others however wanted the movement to focus on spirituality and exploring the 344:, resulting in permanent scar tissue damage to his lungs. In May 1916, his brother John "Jack" William was born. In June 1916, Hay Sr. was involved in an industrial accident, resulting in the amputation of a leg. As a result, he resigned from his position and the family relocated to California in the United States. In February 1919, they moved to 149 Kingsley Drive in Los Angeles, with Hay Sr. purchasing a 30-acre citrus farm in 908:

positions. With the founders gone, Call and other like-minded individuals stepped into the leadership void, and Mattachine officially adopted non-confrontation as an organizational policy. The reduced effectiveness of this newly organized Mattachine led to a precipitous drop in membership and participation. Hay was distraught at Mattachine's change in direction, having an emotional breakdown as a result.

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stalled and a separate circle formed. The core circle made an attempt to reconcile, but at a meeting that came to be known as "Bloody Sunday", Kilhefner quit, accusing Hay and Burnside of "power tripping", while Walker resigned. Walker and Kilhefner formed a new Los Angeles-based gay spiritual group called Treeroots which promoted a form of rural gay consciousness associated with Jungian psychology and

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an article exposing Hay as a Marxist; not wishing to tar the Society as a Communist group, Hay stepped down from his position. The group's membership was diversifying, with people from a broader political spectrum becoming involved. Many members were concerned by the far left control of the group and felt that it should have a more open, democratic structure. At a group convention held in Spring 1953,

1714: 1169:. Those assembled took part in spontaneous rituals, providing invocations to spirits and performing blessings and chants, with most participants discarding the majority of their clothes, instead wearing feathers, beads, and bells, and decorating themselves in rainbow makeup. Many reported feeling a change of consciousness during the event, which one person there described as "a four day 1346:, in 1994 protesting the Stonewall 25 events exclusion of NAMBLA on the grounds that such exclusions "pandered to heterosexual-dominated society". Despite the efforts of the vast majority of the LGBT community to distance themselves from pedophiles and pedophilia, Hay and a handful of others who were boycotting Stonewall 25, including NAMBLA, organized an alternative, competing event. 959:. Together they mooted the idea of starting a new Mattachine Society; this came to nothing. Influenced by the growing counter-culture, Hay ceased to wear suits, instead favouring brightly colored clothing, earrings and necklaces, also growing his hair long. In doing so, he stated that "I never again wanted to be mistaken for a hetero." At a subsequent ONE event, Hay met the inventor 710:'s civil records, while the couple continued their activism by taking photographs of Los Angeles' slums for a leftist exhibition. However, the marriage did not quell Hay's same-sex attractions, and by 1939 he had begun to seek sexual encounters with other men in local parks on a weekly basis. He would later describe the marriage as "living in an exile world". 520:, taking independent study courses in English, history, and political science. There, he became increasingly interested in acting and also wrote poetry, some of which was published in university magazines. He came to frequent the gay scene in both Los Angeles and San Francisco, attending parties where men danced with men, women danced with women, people 621:, with whom he entered into a relationship. Geer was a committed leftist, with Hay later describing him as his political mentor. Geer introduced Hay to Los Angeles' leftist community, and together they took part in activism, joining demonstrations for laborers' rights and the unemployed, and on one occasion handcuffed themselves to lamposts outside 363:, where he excelled at his studies but was bullied. He began experimenting with his sexuality, and aged nine took part in sexual activity with a twelve-year-old neighbour boy. At the same time he developed an early love of the natural world and became a keen outdoorsman through walks in the wilderness around the city. Aged ten he was enrolled at 979:, and despite his anti-military stance, Hay became Chairman of the Los Angeles Committee to Fight Exclusion of Homosexuals from the Armed Forces, taking part in the group's motorcade protest through the city. Attempting to gain greater visibility for the gay rights cause, he made appearances on local media, such as 902:

Following the Jennings trial, the group expanded rapidly, with founders estimating membership in California by May 1953 at over 2,000 with as many as 100 people joining a typical discussion group. This brought greater scrutiny of the group, and in February 1953 a Los Angeles daily newspaper published

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After Hay and the others returned to Los Angeles, they received messages of thanks from various participants, many of whom asked when the next Faerie gathering would be. Hay decided to found a Faerie circle in Los Angeles that met at their house, which became known as "Faerie Central", devoting half

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marked a move toward a more radical and militant approach among gay rights activists; Hay however stated that "I wasn't impressed by Stonewall, because of all the open gay projects we had done throughout the sixties in Los Angeles. As far as we were concerned, Stonewall meant that the East Coast was

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factory. As the pair became increasingly interested in the counter-culture, many individuals belonging to the movement came to work for them. Moving to downtown Los Angeles, together the pair created a gay brotherhood called the Circle of Loving Friends in 1965, although they would frequently be the

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The post-war reaction, the shutting down of open communication, was already of concern to many of us progressives. I knew the government was going to look for a new enemy, a new scapegoat. It was predictable. But Blacks were beginning to organize and the horror of the holocaust was too recent to put

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As he had throughout his life of activism, Hay continued to oppose what he perceived as harmful assimilationist attitudes within the gay community. "We pulled ugly green frog skin of heterosexual conformity over us, and that's how we got through school with a full set of teeth," Hay once explained.

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Hay and Burnside returned to San Francisco in 1999 after concluding that Hay was not receiving proper care in Los Angeles for his serious health concerns, including pneumonia and lung cancer. He served as the Grand Marshal of the San Francisco gay pride parade that same year. While in hospice care,

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on it; the shawl became an important symbol of the Faeries, and would be sent from gathering to gathering over subsequent decades. There, Hay publicly revealed the founding trio's desire for the creation of a permanent residential Faery community, where they could grow their own crops and thus live

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In April 1951, Hay informed his wife about his continuing homosexuality and his work with the Mattachine Society; she was angry and upset. In September they gained a divorce on the grounds of Hay's "extreme cruelty" and he moved out of their home. He continued to send half his paycheck to Anita for

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analysis in 1937. He later claimed that the psychiatrist "misled" him into believing that through marriage to a woman, he could become heterosexual; the psychiatrist suggested that Hay find himself a "boyish girl". After confiding with fellow Party members that he was homosexual, they too urged Hay

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as gay to some people he knew at Stanford, and while he did not face any vehement backlash, some friends and associates, including a number who were gay, chose not to be seen with him from then on. A severe sinus infection led Hay to drop out in 1932, and he returned to his cousin's Nevada ranch to

1161:, calling on those assembled to "throw off the ugly green frogskin of hetero-imitation to find the shining Faerie prince beneath". Rather than being referred to as "workshops", the events that took place were known as "Faerie circles", and were on such varied subjects as massage, nutrition, local 1115:

and move to Los Angeles, where they settled into a 1920s house on the eastern edge of Hollywood. The three then decided to organise an outdoor conference at which they could teach other gay men about their ideas regarding gay consciousness. Kilhefner identified an ideal location from an advert in

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of homosexual men. The group began publicizing the case under the name Citizens Committee to Outlaw Entrapment, and the generated publicity brought financial support and volunteers. Jennings admitted during his trial to being a homosexual but insisted he was not guilty of the specific charge. The

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In September 1943, Hay and his wife adopted a daughter, Hannah Margaret, soon moving to a larger home nearby to accommodate her. They adopted a second daughter, Kate Neall, several days after her birth in December 1945. Hay was a caring parent, and encouraged his children's interests in music and

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At a winter 1980 gathering in southern Oregon designed to discuss acquiring land for a Faerie sanctuary, a newcomer to the group, coached by Walker, confronted Harry about the power dynamics within the core circle. In the ensuing conflict, the core circle splintered. Plans for the land sanctuary

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and to the fact that "fairy" had become a pejorative slang term for gay men. Initially, Hay rejected the term "movement" when discussing the Radical Faeries, considering it to instead be a "way of life" for gay males, and he began referring to it as a "not-movement". In organizing the event, Hay

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in July 1950, with the pair soon entering a relationship. Gernreich shared many of Hay's leftist ideas, and was impressed by The Call. He became an enthusiastic financial supporter of the venture, although not lending his name, going instead by the initial "R". Hay, Gernreich, and their friends

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that same-sex attraction was a symptom of bourgeoise decadence. Acting on this advice, in 1938 he married Anna Platky (1914-1983), a Marxist Party member from a working-class Jewish family. Hay maintained that he loved her, and was happy to have a companion with whom he could share his political

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The little pockets existed and either you were lucky enough to fall into them or you could go your whole life and not know about them. The close-down, the terror, was so complete that people could remain ignorant, unsocialized, and undeveloped. 'Communities' were the little groups that formed by

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movement, and that Wovoka had recognized him in some way. However, Wovoka, as a well-known spiritual leader, led a well-documented life, and Hay's story does not line up with his activities and whereabouts during the time in question. However, Hay's family did have an actual, documented, blood

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and other conservative members challenged the leaders to amend its constitution and to affirm that members were loyal to the United States and its laws. In an effort to preserve their vision of the organization, the Fifth Order members revealed their identities and resigned their leadership

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After returning to Los Angeles, Hay remained involved in an array of activist causes throughout his life, and became a well-known, albeit controversial, elder statesman within the country's gay community. In his later years, Hay was an active supporter of the pedophile advocacy organization

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that a nation is "a historically-evolved, stable community of language, territory, economic life and psychological make-up manifested in a community of culture" (Stalin, quoted in Hay/Roscoe, p. 41). Hay asserted that homosexuals manifested two of the four criteria, language and a shared

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walks with me", referring to the politician who agreed to withdraw from the event lest being barred, and on his back "NAMBLA Walks With Me", after organizers banned the pedophile advocacy group from joining the march. The organizers complained to police and he narrowly avoided arrest. In

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Hay's relationship with Kamgren was strained, and he was bored by a life of domesticity and annoyed with Kamgren's controlling and regimented nature. They had little in common, with Kamgren not sharing Hay's interest in political activism, instead being conservative and, in Hay's words,

397:, where he continued to be studious and developed a love of theater. Coming to reject Catholicism, he remained at the school for three mandatory years before deciding to remain for a further two. In this period, he took part in the school's poetry group, became State President of the 1230:

In 1980, Walker secretly formed the "Faerie Fascist Police" to combat "Faerie fascism" and "power-tripping" within the Faeries. He specifically targeted Hay: "I recruited people to spy on Harry and see when he was manipulating people, so we could undo his undermining of the scene."

1239:. However, despite the division among its founders, the Radical Faerie movement continued to grow, largely as a result of its egalitarian structure, with many participants being unaware of the squabbles. Hay himself continued to be welcomed at gatherings, coming to be seen as an 1031:, taking their kaleidoscope factory with them. However, in June 1973, an accidental fire destroyed their kaleidoscope factory and mail order inventory, leaving them without a livelihood. In New Mexico, Hay once again took part in activism; he volunteered for a radical newspaper, 951:

that was investigating Communist Party activity in Southern California. The subcommittee was aware that Hay was a Marxist, and as such he struggled to find legal representation, fearing that he would lose his job and worrying that his sexuality would be used to smear the Party.

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handled the political issues, Burnside the logistics and mechanics, Kilhefner the budgetary and administrative side, and Walker was to be its spiritual leader. A flier advertising the event was released which proclaimed that gays had a place in the "paradigm shift" of the

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monitoring his activities. He spent much time teaching lessons in Marxism across the Los Angeles Bay Area, for which he read widely in anthropology and sociology, but faced problems due to the increased anti-communist repression being exerted by the government through the

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Said Harry: "Because if the parents and friends of gays are truly friends of gays, they would know from their gay kids that the relationship with an older man is precisely what thirteen-, fourteen-, and fifteen-year-old kids need more than anything else in the

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because it also refused NAMBLA a place in the event. Instead, he joined an alternate parade called "The Spirit of Stonewall". As late as 2000, Hay continued to speak out against assimilation saying, "The assimilationist movement is running us into the ground."

317:, South Africa, prior to her marriage in April 1911. Hay Sr. was raised a Presbyterian but converted to her religion on their marriage, and their children were brought up Catholic. Harry Hay Jr.'s aunt took him to an Episcopal church and later he would join 817:

the Jews in this position. The natural scapegoat would be us, the Queers. They were the one group of disenfranchised people who did not even know they were a group because they had never formed as a group. They – we – had to get started. It was high time.

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Jorn Kamgren in 1952; it would last for eleven years, during which Hay helped him establish a hat shop, attempting to use his contacts within the fashion and entertainment industries to get exposure for Kamgren's work and meeting with moderate success.

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self-sustainably. This project would involve setting up a non-profit corporation to purchase property under a community land trust with tax-exempt status. They were partly inspired by a pre-existing gay collective in rural Tennessee, Short Mountain.

1287:. Although pleased with the popular protests in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe that took place in the late 1980s and early 1990s, he was unhappy that those nations abandoned the socialist cause altogether and retained his faith in Marxism. 768:, which was deemed essential for the country's war effort. He would subsequently work in a record store, a television repair shop, and at a boiler manufacturing plant. Better-paid work was barred from him by his political viewpoints, with the 1338:

writes, "Getting him to agree to simply wear a sign rather than carry a banner took considerable negotiation by the parade organizers, who wanted to distance the gay and lesbian movement from pedophilia, yet wanted Harry to participate."

1006:(GLF), with Hay and Burnside involving themselves in the early development of its Los Angeles chapter in December 1969. Hay was elected its first chairperson, organising pickets of homophobic establishments, holding a one-day "Gay-In" in 751:

In 1942, the couple returned to Los Angeles, renting a house near to Silver Lake and Echo Park; the area was colloquially known as "the Red Hills" due to its large left-wing community. There, Hay went through various jobs, including with

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of straight men and thus reflected an assimilationist approach. Hay believed that by adopting these tactics and attitudes, ACT UP was shrinking the space available for diversity of gender roles for gay men, with the gentle and the

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Their second child, Margaret "Peggy" Caroline Hay, was born in February 1914, but following the outbreak of the First World War, the family moved to Northern Chile, where Hay Sr. had been offered a job managing a copper mine in

921:". Kamgren permitted Hay to spend three nights a week in study, which the latter spent reading anthropological and historical texts to learn more about the role of gay people in society, becoming particularly interested in the 1133:", with the term "Radical Faerie" having been coined by Hay. The term "Radical" was chosen to reflect both political extremity and the idea of "root" or "essence", while the term "Faerie" was chosen in reference both to the 493:, but was forbidden from doing so by his father, who insisted that he pursue law. Hay Sr. obtained an entry-level job for his son at his friend's legal firm, Haas and Dunnigan. While working at the firm, Hay discovered the 464:, the 14-year-old Hay met and had sex with a 25-year-old merchant-sailor named Matt, who introduced him to the idea of gay men as a global "secret brotherhood". Hay would later build on this idea, in combination with a 1656: 793:. From 1947, he taught a musicology class on the "Historical Development of Folk Music", through which he articulated a Marxist understanding of the genre; he continued to teach these classes through the mid-1950s. 863:, and Chuck Rowland met on November 11, 1950, in Los Angeles, under the name "Society of Fools". The group changed its name to "Mattachine Society" in April 1951, chosen by Hay at the suggestion of fellow member 801:, and the following year began to suffer intense mental anxiety and repeated nightmares as he realised that he was still homosexual and that his marriage had been a serious mistake. The couple divorced in 1951. 730: 1778:

Although some prominent gay leaders such as Harry Hay have supported NAMBLA's right to participate in gay rights marches, the link between NAMBLA and the mainstream gay rights movement has always been tenuous.

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and his lover Don Sample, with the former getting Hay to perform vocals at one of his concerts in November 1932. Becoming a professional voice actor, he obtained a minor role in a radio adaptation of

1350: 4896: 501:, where he developed a sexual relationship with a man who taught him about the underground gay culture. It has been claimed that here he learned about the Chicago-based gay rights group the 1126:, owned by an American named Swami Bill. Hay, Kilhefner, and Walker visited to check its suitability, and although Hay disliked Bill and didn't want to use the site, the others insisted. 985:. Hay and Burnside also took part in research and fundraising for the Committee for Traditional Indian Land and Life, attending the first North American Traditional Indian conference at 1290:

Hay came to be viewed as an elder statesman within the gay community, and was regularly invited to give speeches to LGBT activist and student groups. He was the featured speaker at the

843:. At the centre of its approach was Hay's view that homosexuals were "a social minority" or "cultural minority" who were being oppressed; in this he was influenced by Soviet leader 4370: 733:, and in 1941 he was appointed interim head of the New Theatre League, responsible for organising trade union theatre groups and teaching acting classes, for which he adopted the 1915:

He was, at times, a serious political embarrassment, as when he consistently advocated the inclusion of the North American Man/Boy Love Association (NAMBLA) in gay-pride parades.

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through the first decade of the post-Stonewall gay movement, Hay opposed what he believed were efforts to move other groups to the margins as the gay rights movement progressed.

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He nevertheless remained highly critical of the mainstream gay rights movement, and took controversial and, at times, divisive positions, including his consistent support of the

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Around 220 men turned up to the event, despite the fact that the Ashram could only accommodate around 75. Hay gave a welcoming speech in which he outlined his ideas regarding

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advocated by the majority of gay rights campaigners. Organizing to subvert the social and political marginalization of gay people, he cofounded the Los Angeles chapter of the

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evaded the subject in their works. Although his writing style was widely deemed difficult to read, he published articles on many of his findings in the gay press, namely

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accident. And with lots of restrictions. Tiresome bitchiness and boasting predominated. To find someone whose sensibility was more wide-ranging was relatively rare.

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into their practices. At that gathering, Dennis Melba'son presented a shawl that he had created with a crocheted depiction of the Northwest European Iron Age deity

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through stories passed around by ranch hands, telling him of violent assaults on miners who attempted to touch men with whom they shared quarters. Hay often told a

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Hay died of lung cancer on October 24, 2002, at age 90. His ashes, mingled with those of his partner John Burnside, were scattered in Nomenus Faerie Sanctuary,

4930: 4284: 4960: 1271:, and the death penalty, while also joining the nuclear disarmament and pro-choice movements, becoming a vocal critic of the administrations of Presidents 969: 4416: 1181:

their time to serious discussion and the other half to recreation, in particular English circle dancing. As more joined the circle, they began meeting in

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and President of the school's debating and dramatic society, and competed in the Southern California Oratorical Society's Contest, as well as joining the

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minister. Their honeymoon however was cut short as a result of the sudden death of Hay, Sr. Settling into married life, Hay gained employment with the

210:, a loosely affiliated gay spiritual movement. Hay has been described as "the Founder of the Modern Gay Movement" and "the father of gay liberation". 4325: 1204:. Twice as long and almost twice as large as the first, it became known as Faerie Woodstock. It also exhibited an increasing influence from the U.S. 460:

in San Francisco, convinced the union officials he was 21, and got a job on a cargo ship to work his way back to Los Angeles. After an unloading at

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The Mattachine Steps in Silver Lake, Los Angeles. The sign reads, "Harry Hay founded the Mattachine Society on this hillside on November 11, 1950."

947:, also giving lectures on the subject at ONE's Mid-Winter Institute. Meanwhile, in May 1955 Hay was called to testify before a subcommittee of the 765: 579: 1575:

All of this makes the meeting and events Hay describes highly unlikely. As no one else ever confirmed the tale, it is probable it never happened.

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pursuits; he also got along well with her family. Their marriage took place in September 1938, in a non-religious wedding ceremony overseen by a

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he was able to get work screen-writing as a ghost-writer. Immersing himself in the Hollywood gay scene, he claimed to have had brief flings with

566:. They were impressed with his talent, and gave him a job as a permanent understudy. He supplemented this income as a screen extra, usually as a 225:, becoming a committed labor activist. He ended his 1938 marriage to a Party activist after recognizing he remained homosexual, establishing the 5495: 4844: 4839: 4339: 1831:

Lesbian and Gay Academic Union Records, Coll2011-041, ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives, USC Libraries, University of Southern California

831:, Hay conceived the idea of a homosexual activist group in August 1948 which later became the Mattachine Society. After signing a petition for 722: 5530: 1174: 599: 4261: 4880: 1845: 5545: 5520: 5500: 5460: 4362: 4214: 544:

Relocating to Los Angeles, Hay moved back in with his parents. He associated with artistic and theatrical circles, befriending composer

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only members of it. As the Circle they participated in early homophile demonstrations throughout the 1960s and helped establish the

5475: 4970: 2663: 1428:, a biography based on three years of research. Timmons described Hay as "the father of gay liberation". The 2002 documentary film 1130: 717:, New York City, where Hay went through a series of unsteady and low-paid jobs, including as a scriptwriter, a service manager in 4873: 4431: 1310: 832: 626: 268:(NAMBLA), speaking on panels and sessions at several of the group's annual meetings. Hay protested the group being expelled from 265: 1099:

to co-host a workshop on "New Breakthroughs in the Nature of How We Perceive Gay Consciousness" at the annual conference of the

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connection to Wovoka and the Ghost Dance movement. In 1890, a misinterpretation of the Ghost Dance ritual as a war dance by

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After this, he involved himself in the foundation of a local LGBT rights group, the Lambdas de Santa Fe, designed to fight

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jury deadlocked (eleven to one in favor of acquittal), with the judge dismissing the charges; Mattachine declared victory.

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readership. In 1975, he took a leading role in a water rights campaign to prevent the federal government from damming the

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over the course of their independent research projects into the nation's LGBT history. He and Burnside also appeared in

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Feeling that he was being restrained by the relationship, Hay left Kamgren, in 1963 beginning a brief relationship with

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American family, he was named after his father, Harry Hay, Sr. (1869-1938), a mining engineer who had been working for

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city council awarded him an honor for his years of activism while that year he was invited to give a lecture at the

680:. In early 1937, Hay Sr. was partly paralysed following a stroke, leaving Hay to take on many of his family duties. 5540: 5373: 4276: 1536: 963:, who became his life partner. Burnside left his wife for Hay, with the latter becoming the manager for Burnside's 4985: 4393: 2522: 1501: 886:

Mattachine's structure was based partly on that of the Communist Party and partly on fraternal brotherhoods like

769: 642: 417: 379:. Becoming a voracious reader, in 1923 he began to volunteer at a public library, where he discovered a copy of 4737: 4729: 4408: 1505: 1291: 574:, and also worked as a freelance dialogue coach for expat aristocrats in Hollywood. Through a friendship with 5535: 5470: 5341: 5213: 4955: 1158: 1150:

alongside Hay; these fliers were sent out to gay and leftist bookstores as well as gay community centres and

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in June 2019, Hay was one of the inaugural fifty American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" named to the

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Hittman,"Wovoka And The Ghost Dance:Expanded Edition" (Lincoln, Nebraska:University of Nebraska:Press 1997)

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discarded in their favor. He went so far as to condemn the group while at a June 1989 rally in New York's

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on a play that they were both working on, he agreed to play the organ for the public performances of the

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Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940-1970

293:

in Sussex, south-east England (at 1 Bath Road, then known as "Colwell"), on April 7, 1912. Raised in an

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trip – without the acid!". On the final night of the gathering, they put together a performance of the

874:

of masked men who (through their anonymity) were empowered to criticize ruling monarchs with impunity.

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from an early age, Hay eventually worked as a professional actor in Los Angeles, where he joined the

4347: 1066:. Hay's fame had begun to grow across the U.S., and at this time he was contacted by the historians 5550: 5206: 5023: 4975: 1486: 1108: 960: 856: 737: 591: 502: 245: 170: 2313: 5199: 5076: 5033: 4980: 4935: 4915: 4253: 4152: 1905: 1059: 744:, almost leaving his wife for him. During this period he took part in the research of sexologist 734: 517: 468:

definition of nationalist identity, to argue that homosexuals constituted a "cultural minority".

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Neighborhood Council voted unanimously to rename the Cove Avenue Stairway in Silver Lake to the

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The Trouble with Harry Hay: Founder of the Modern Gay Movement - Stuart Timmons - Google Books

721:

toy department, and a marketing strategy planner. Briefly returning to acting, he appeared in

5263: 5234: 5220: 5107: 4576:. Vol. 20 no. 3. Northeastern University (Boston, Massachusetts). p. 16. ISSN 0147-0728. 1729: 1448: 1010:

and "funky dances" at Troupers Hall to challenge the legal restrictions on same-sex dancing.

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that, in 1925, he was invited to a local gathering of Natives, where he claimed to have met

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During the 1980s, Hay involved himself in an array of activist causes, campaigning against

1197: 1003: 840: 611: 554: 409: 385: 237: 1279:. Hoping for a left-ward turn in U.S. politics, he was involved in the Lavender Caucus of 408:

During the summer holidays, Hay's father sent him to work on his cousin's cattle ranch in

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of Native American communities. In doing so, Hay was annoyed that Marxist scholars like

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The Other Side of Silence – Men's Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History

4485: 1497: 1462: 1409: 1392: 1314: 1256: 1100: 1096: 753: 575: 345: 294: 257: 226: 203: 4487:

Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshipers and Other Pagans in America

4853: 4794: 4773: 4753: 4733: 4725: 4710: 4692: 4673: 4658: 4640: 4625: 4613: 4603: 4588: 4559: 4530: 4522: 4512: 4504: 4491: 4204: 4183: 2317: 2028: 1809: 1767: 1739: 1704: 1662: 1592:

psychological make-up, and thus qualified as a cultural minority (Hay/Roscoe, p. 43).

1322: 1276: 1201: 1151: 1067: 782: 453:. Hay's great-uncle, Francis Hardie, carried the Third Cavalry flag at Wounded Knee. 393:

for the first time and came to recognize that he was gay. Aged twelve he enrolled at

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Thompson, Mark. "Harry Hay: A Voice from the Past, a Vision for the Future" , in

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organisation, becoming the group's theoretician, through which he came to know

5157: 2664:"Ever the Warrior: Gay rights icon Harry Hay has no patience for assimilation" 1349: 1240: 5444: 5363: 5309: 5152: 5102: 5061: 4940: 1795: 1743: 1584: 1280: 1272: 1251: 1166: 1122:; the Sri Ram Ashram was a gay-friendly spiritual retreat in the desert near 1007: 998: 844: 786: 745: 521: 302: 253: 4572:

Hay, Harry (Fall 1994). "Our Beloved Gay/Lesbian Movement at a Crossroads".

1801:

Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context

1435: 471: 206:, the first sustained gay rights group in the United States, as well as the 5424: 5333: 5177: 5172: 5132: 5122: 5117: 5028: 5013: 4481: 1479: 1475: 1371: 1343: 1284: 964: 864: 798: 699: 653:

group that entertained at strikes and demonstrations; their performance of

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After Hay had become increasingly politicized, Geer introduced him to the

5167: 5147: 5097: 5066: 4797:. "The Founding of the Mattachine Society: An Interview with Henry Hay," 4748:

Timmons, Stuart (2011), "The Making of a Tribe", in Mark Thompson (ed.),

4580: 4454: 1379: 1087: 1075: 887: 790: 607: 457: 441: 310: 4707:

Gay by the Bay: A History of Queer Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area

1361:, arguing that their confrontational tactics were rooted in the typical 5142: 4849: 4432:"National LGBTQ Wall of Honor to be unveiled at historic Stonewall Inn" 4148:"Henry 'Harry' Hay – gay rights pioneer; He started Mattachine Society" 1763:

City of Friends: A Portrait of the Gay and Lesbian Community in America

1467: 1405: 1367: 1185:'s First Presbyterian Church and then the olive grove atop the hill at 1143: 1112: 1044: 1028: 956: 895: 677: 583: 537: 241: 191: 4750:

The Fire in the Moonlight: Stories from the Radical Faeries, 1975–2010

4551:

Moral Panic: Changing Concepts of the Child Molester in Modern America

4385: 4363:"Second LGBT Honorees Selected for San Francisco's Rainbow Honor Walk" 2514: 1601:

Hay and others switched to the older spelling, "faeries", after 1979.

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The National Museum & Archive of Lesbian and Gay History (1996).

1460:

Hay, along with Gernreich, is one of the main characters of the play

1451:

television show. Hay also appeared in other documentaries, including

1264: 1223: 943: 937: 879: 774: 718: 714: 618: 545: 465: 433: 425: 421: 195: 161: 3783: 3767: 3290: 1313:(NAMBLA) being included in Pride parades. When speaking at the 1983 760:, and as a production engineer at a manufacturing plant. He was not 313:, had been raised in a wealthy family among American expatriates in 5051: 5003: 4834: 1444: 1362: 1213: 1205: 1018: 981: 904: 847:'s Marxist–Leninist concepts of what constituted a minority group. 673: 571: 290: 75: 1654: 1512:

people who have "made significant contributions in their fields."

1478:

as Gernreich; after workshop performances in 2009 the play opened

975:

Fascinated by spirituality, they regularly attended events of the

4655:

Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present

1268: 1139: 1040: 757: 595: 505:, although Hay would later deny having any knowledge of previous 413: 248:, Native American religions influenced the couple to cofound the 218: 1177:, an invention of Burnside's, while Hay gave a farewell speech. 1129:

Their conference, set for Labor Day 1979, was to be called the "

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In 1926, at the end of the summer, Hay took his union card to a

4200:

Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices

2477: 1358: 1162: 437: 306: 4769:

The Trouble with Harry Hay: Founder of the Modern Gay Movement

4299:"Silver Lake stairway may be renamed in honor of gay activist" 1700:

Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures, Vol. 2

4344:

SFist – San Francisco News, Restaurants, Events, & Sports

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following the outbreak of World War II due to his work with

4858: 4318:"The Rainbow Honor Walk: San Francisco's LGBT Walk of Fame" 4118: 4082: 3974: 3938: 3926: 3914: 3890: 3866: 3811: 3692: 3644: 3620: 3608: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3470: 3458: 3422: 3368: 3344: 3323: 3302: 3231: 3189: 3159: 3039: 2946: 2898: 2642: 2640: 2134: 1697:

Haggerty, George E.; Beynon, John; Eisner, Douglas (2000).

1634:"The Communist movement and gay rights: The hidden history" 683: 645:. Hay and Geer spent a weekend in San Francisco during the 629:. Other groups whose activities he joined in with included 622: 506: 420:("Wobblies"). They gave him books and pamphlets written by 372: 4010: 3998: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3745: 3743: 3656: 3140: 3138: 2985: 2973: 2910: 2886: 2859: 1759: 1091:

A Faerie gathering in 1986, with Hay in bottom left corner

4585:

Radically Gay: Gay Liberation in the Words of its Founder

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Radically Gay: Gay Liberation in the Words of its Founder

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The second Faerie gathering took place in August 1980 in

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in Los Angeles. This event convinced Hay and his partner

472:

Stanford University and the Communist Party: 1929 to 1938

214: 4409:"National LGBTQ Wall of Honor unveiled at Stonewall Inn" 4233: 2813: 2811: 2796: 2784: 2772: 2751: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2637: 2625: 2613: 2565: 2553: 2489: 2441: 2429: 2393: 2381: 2348: 2278: 2254: 2242: 2230: 2218: 2206: 2098: 2074: 1680: 1678: 1658:

Sexual Borderlands: Constructing an American Sexual Past

4106: 4094: 4070: 4058: 4046: 4034: 4022: 3986: 3962: 3950: 3902: 3878: 3854: 3842: 3823: 3799: 3740: 3716: 3704: 3680: 3668: 3632: 3587: 3527: 3506: 3482: 3446: 3434: 3398: 3356: 3255: 3243: 3210: 3135: 3084: 3063: 3051: 2309:

The ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890

1976: 1974: 1208:

movement, as Faeries incorporated elements from Evans'

4540:

Hay, Harry, "Focusing on NAMBLA Obscures the Issues",

4221: 3018: 2997: 2958: 2934: 2922: 2871: 2844: 1932: 1496:

In 2014, Hay was one of the inaugural honorees in the

1443:

In 1967, Hay and Burnside had appeared as a couple on

3755: 2808: 2691: 2601: 2577: 2541: 2529: 2465: 2453: 2369: 2266: 2194: 2182: 2170: 2146: 2122: 2110: 2086: 2048: 1920: 1675: 1432:, directed by Eric Slade, garnered critical acclaim. 4803:, vol. 11, no. 4 (July–August 1977), pp. 27–40. 4340:"Castro's Rainbow Honor Walk Dedicated Today: SFist" 2688:, November 26, 2002; pp. 15; No. 877; ISSN 0001-8996 2008:"Interview of Harry Hay,"We Are a Separate People,"" 1994:"Interview of Harry Hay,"We Are a Separate People,"" 1971: 1696: 1357:

He was also critical of the HIV/AIDS activist group

970:

North American Conference of Homophile Organizations

4689:

Outstanding Lives: Profiles of Lesbians and Gay Men

1002:catching up." The riot led to the emergence of the 809: 489:Graduating from school in 1929, Hay hoped to study 190:(April 7, 1912 – October 24, 2002) was an American 4600:Completely Queer: The Gay and Lesbian Encyclopedia 1457:(1978), also appearing with his partner Burnside. 1342:Hay continued to protest NAMBLA being banned from 484:—Harry Hay on Los Angeles' gay scene in the 1930s. 911: 541:recuperate; he would never return to university. 309:, Ghana. His mother, Margaret Hay (née Neall), a 5442: 2684:John Gallagher, "Harry Hay's Legacy" (obituary) 1827: 1825: 1794: 1661:. Ohio State University Press. pp. 289–90. 1631: 1019:New Mexico and the Radical Faeries: 1971 to 1979 4897:Early LGBT rights advocacy in the United States 4455:"Groups seek names for Stonewall 50 honor wall" 1869: 1867: 1325:he wore two signs; on his front one that read " 1135:immortal animistic spirits of European folklore 2508: 2506: 2504: 2410: 2408: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1095:In 1978, Hay teamed up with Don Kilhefner and 1054:in northern New Mexico. The group sponsored a 731:Theater Arts Committee for Peace and Democracy 440:, the Paiute religious leader who revived the 416:by fellow ranch hands who were members of the 4881: 4724:ed. Mark Thompson, St. Martin's Press, 1987, 4406: 4196: 1822: 1655:Kathleen Kennedy; Sharon Rena Ullman (2003). 4683:Shively, Charley. "Harry Hay". Collected in 4622:Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence 4511:. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press. 4277:"The Churning Insides of a Quiet Revolution" 1864: 1755: 1753: 1553:RFD – Journal of The Radical Faerie Movement 1246: 2501: 2405: 1944: 1839: 1837: 1721: 1023:In May 1971, Hay and Burnside moved to the 4888: 4874: 4860:Hope Along the Wind: The Life of Harry Hay 4546:, Fall 1994, pp. 16, 18. As cited in 4251: 3108: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1430:Hope Along the Wind: The Life of Harry Hay 355:Los Angeles High School, where Hay studied 42: 4360: 4146:Heredia, Christopher (October 25, 2002). 2594: 2592: 2067: 2065: 2063: 1750: 4529:. New York, William Morrow and Company. 4305:from the original on September 13, 2014. 4274: 3286:from the original on September 30, 2007. 3273: 3267: 2360: 1834: 1717:from the original on September 13, 2017. 1434: 1348: 1306:in Paris, France, which he turned down. 1250: 1131:Spiritual Conference for Radical Fairies 1086: 684:Marriage and Marxist class: 1938 to 1948 657:in 1935 led to attacks from the fascist 350: 21:For the Australian Olympic swimmer, see 16:American gay rights activist (1912–2002) 5511:Industrial Workers of the World members 5410:ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives 4765: 4747: 4547: 4315: 4264:from the original on September 4, 2010. 4239: 4227: 4145: 4124: 4112: 4100: 4088: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4040: 4028: 4016: 4004: 3992: 3980: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3920: 3908: 3896: 3884: 3872: 3860: 3848: 3836: 3817: 3805: 3793: 3789: 3777: 3773: 3749: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3614: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3533: 3512: 3500: 3488: 3476: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3374: 3362: 3350: 3329: 3308: 3296: 3261: 3249: 3237: 3216: 3195: 3165: 3144: 3102: 3090: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3024: 3003: 2991: 2979: 2967: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2880: 2865: 2853: 2829: 2817: 2802: 2790: 2778: 2757: 2736: 2724: 2712: 2700: 2657: 2655: 2646: 2631: 2619: 2607: 2583: 2571: 2559: 2547: 2535: 2495: 2483: 2471: 2459: 2447: 2435: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2354: 2330: 2284: 2272: 2260: 2248: 2236: 2224: 2212: 2200: 2188: 2176: 2164: 2152: 2140: 2128: 2116: 2104: 2092: 2080: 2054: 2020: 1980: 1938: 1926: 1895: 1873: 1783: 1684: 1311:North American Man/Boy Love Association 797:dance. In 1945, Hay was diagnosed with 672:, featuring Hay, Barlow, and filmmaker 627:American League Against War and Fascism 617:While working on a play, Hay met actor 562:'s International Group Players for the 266:North American Man/Boy Love Association 5443: 4921:Council on Religion and the Homosexual 4429: 4423: 4407:Glasses-Baker, Becca (June 27, 2019). 4383: 4252:Highleyman, Liz (September 18, 2008). 2589: 2305: 2299: 2060: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1640:. PA Political Affairs. Archived from 977:Council on Religion and the Homosexual 949:House Un-American Activities Committee 804: 779:House Un-American Activities Committee 284: 5496:Deaths from lung cancer in California 4869: 4527:Open Secret (Gay Hollywood 1928–1998) 4490:(Revised ed.). London: Penguin. 4480: 4373:from the original on August 12, 2019. 4309: 3761: 2512: 1760:Simon LeVay; Elisabeth Nonas (1997). 1210:Witchcraft and the Gay Counterculture 1111:that they should leave their home in 890:. Operating on the Leninist basis of 827:Influenced by the publication of the 389:. Reading it, he discovered the word 319:First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles 5531:People from Silver Lake, Los Angeles 5228:The Phoenix: Midwest Homophile Voice 4639:. New York, Henry Holt and Company. 4602:. New York, Henry Holt and Company. 4598:Hogan, Steve and Lee Hudson (1998). 4400: 4287:from the original on March 29, 2012. 2661: 2652: 2513:Cusac, Anne-Marie (September 1999). 1913:from the original on March 2, 2012. 1843: 1727: 781:. From 1945, he was involved in the 412:, Nevada. Here he was introduced to 289:Hay was born in the coastal town of 272:, including his boycott of the 1994 25:. For the Australian cricketer, see 4442:from the original on June 21, 2019. 4419:from the original on June 28, 2019. 4354: 4346:. September 2, 2014. Archived from 4328:from the original on July 28, 2019. 2674:from the original on June 18, 2013. 1878: 1632:NORMAN MARKOWITZ (August 6, 2013). 777:and the subsequent creation of the 232:Hay increasingly stood against the 13: 5546:20th-century American LGBTQ people 5521:Members of the Communist Party USA 5501:Founders of modern pagan movements 5461:20th-century American male writers 4828:, originally broadcast in 1991 on 4788: 4709:. San Francisco, Chronicle Books. 4465:from the original on May 24, 2019. 4459:The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc 4396:from the original on May 25, 2019. 4217:from the original on July 1, 2014. 4182:. October 25, 2002. Archived from 3274:Feinberg, Leslie (June 28, 2005). 2525:from the original on May 19, 2009. 1294:in 1982, and Grand Marshal of the 693:to marry a woman, adhering to the 244:in 1970 with his longtime partner 14: 5562: 5430:LGBTQ rights in the United States 4807: 4732:, rept. White Crane Books, 2005, 4554:. Yale University Press. p. 4452: 4430:Rawles, Timothy (June 19, 2019). 4316:Shelter, Scott (March 14, 2016). 4301:. Theeastsiderla.com. June 2011. 1844:Lord, Jeffrey (October 5, 2006). 1625: 1589:Marxism and the National Question 1105:University of Southern California 762:conscripted into the armed forces 399:California Scholarship Federation 4845:Harry Hay Wolf Creek Photos 1996 4446: 4377: 4361:Carnivele, Gary (July 2, 2016). 4332: 4291: 4268: 4245: 4190: 4168: 4139: 4130: 3599: 3518: 3389: 3380: 3335: 3314: 3222: 3201: 3180: 3171: 3156:Hay, quoted in Hay/Roscoe, p. 65 3150: 3132:Hay, quoted in Hay/Roscoe, p. 63 3126: 3117: 3075: 3030: 2021:Timmons, Stuart (May 30, 2008). 1703:. New York: Garland Publishing. 1595: 810:Mattachine Society: 1948 to 1953 403:Reserve Officers' Training Corps 147: 5476:American LGBTQ rights activists 4986:Veterans Benevolent Association 4772:. Boston: Alyson Publications. 4691:. New York, Visible Ink Press. 4384:Sachet, Donna (April 3, 2019). 4275:Brantley, Ben (March 1, 2010). 3009: 2835: 2763: 2742: 2678: 2417: 2339: 2290: 2014: 2000: 1986: 1962: 1578: 1569: 1374:where he shared the stage with 770:Federal Bureau of Investigation 706:supervising the cataloguing of 418:Industrial Workers of the World 143: 94:San Francisco, California, U.S. 4436:San Diego Gay and Lesbian News 1728:Weir, John (August 23, 1994). 1690: 1648: 1292:San Francisco Gay Pride Parade 912:After Mattachine: 1953 to 1969 1: 5214:Focus: A Journal for Lesbians 4956:Metropolitan Community Church 4742:VoiceFromPast – Tangent Group 3524:Shively, from Bronski, p. 175 3276:"Harry Hay: Painful partings" 2296:Shively, from Bronski, p. 173 1968:Shively, from Bronski, p. 171 1613: 1159:Subject-SUBJECT consciousness 1058:, and in June 1977 they held 1013: 993:, in 1967. In June 1969, the 704:Works Progress Administration 625:to hand out leaflets for the 430:men having sex with other men 424:, leading to his adoption of 340:In Chile, Hay Jr. contracted 279: 5506:Gay Liberation Front members 4722:Gay Spirit. Myth and Meaning 4705:and Jim Van Buskirk (1996). 4687:(consulting editor) (1997). 4672:. New York, Berkeley Books. 4258:The Bay Area Reporter Online 4203:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 241. 4176:"Gay pioneer Harry Hay dies" 3299:, pp. 169–170, 181–183. 1804:. Psychology Press. p. 1558:List of civil rights leaders 1525:National LGBTQ Wall of Honor 1323:Los Angeles Gay Pride Parade 643:Workers' Alliance of America 588:Hans Heinrich von Twardowski 305:, South Africa, and then in 7: 5072:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon 4657:. New York, Vintage Books. 2662:Levy, Dan (June 23, 2000). 1546: 1529:Stonewall National Monument 1353:Harry Hay in September 2000 1296:Long Beach Gay Pride Parade 530:Prince George, Duke of Kent 166:Rudi Gernreich (1950–1952) 10: 5567: 5491:Communists from California 5486:American political writers 5466:Activists from Los Angeles 4254:"John Burnside dies at 91" 3228:Johansson and Percy, p. 92 1766:. MIT Press. p. 181. 1426:The Trouble with Harry Hay 1285:National Rainbow Coalition 647:city's 1934 General Strike 639:Mobilization for Democracy 635:Hollywood Anti-Nazi League 610:, the Hollywood branch of 532:, and a brief affair with 361:Cahuenga Elementary School 215:same-sex sexual attraction 20: 5404:Minorities Research Group 5384:Garden of Allah (cabaret) 5351: 5325: 5291:MANual Enterprises v. Day 5244: 5191: 5090: 5042: 4994: 4908: 3665:Hogan, et al., pp. 273–74 1415: 1398: 1247:Later years: 1980 to 2002 631:End Poverty in California 512:In 1930, Hay enrolled at 365:Virgil Junior High School 240:in 1969. After moving to 177: 168:Jorn Kamgren (1952–1962) 157: 127: 107: 99: 83: 57: 52:, Radical Faeries Campout 41: 34: 5316:Compton's Cafeteria riot 4981:Student Homophile League 4976:Society for Human Rights 4766:Timmons, Stuart (1990). 4587:. Boston: Beacon Press. 4548:Jenkins, Philip (2004). 3207:Hogan, et al., pp. 382–3 2486:, pp. 47–48, 50–52. 1607:, edited by Will Roscoe. 1563: 1487:Silver Lake, Los Angeles 676:, in which they spoofed 503:Society for Human Rights 369:Native American Cultures 5541:Radical Faeries members 4936:Homophile Action League 4916:Columbia Queer Alliance 4840:Harry Hay Photo gallery 4744:, retrieved 2014-09-01. 4635:Loughery, John (1998). 4390:San Francisco Bay Times 4153:San Francisco Chronicle 2668:San Francisco Chronicle 1265:South African apartheid 938:ONE Institute Quarterly 835:presidential candidate 735:Konstantin Stanislavski 518:international relations 395:Los Angeles High School 213:Acknowledging both his 48:Harry Hay, April 1996, 5298:Fun Lounge police raid 4814:Interview of Harry Hay 4197:Roger Chapman (2010). 2306:Mooney, James (1896). 1850:The American Spectator 1846:"When Nancy Met Harry" 1533:U.S. national monument 1440: 1354: 1260: 1092: 933:George Derwent Thomson 819: 659:Friends of New Germany 481: 356: 5264:Pullman porter affair 4752:, White Crane Books, 3395:Hogan, et al., p. 383 2841:Hogan, et al., p. 273 2727:, pp. 67, 72–74. 2515:"Harry Hay Interview" 2366:Hogan, et al., p. 275 2167:, pp. 19, 21–22. 1527:, located within the 1485:On June 1, 2011, the 1438: 1352: 1254: 1090: 1078:'s documentary film, 892:democratic centralism 814: 725:'s off-Broadway play 476: 451:Wounded Knee Massacre 354: 27:Harry Hay (cricketer) 5536:People from Worthing 5471:American gay writers 5415:Oscar Wilde Bookshop 5359:Athletic Model Guild 5258:Harvard Secret Court 5044:Daughters of Bilitis 4946:Knights of the Clock 4926:Daughters of Bilitis 4624:. Psychology Press. 3737:, pp. 261, 264. 3503:, pp. 208, 224. 3419:, pp. 181, 191. 3386:Loughery, pp. 228–29 2955:, pp. 116, 118. 2907:, pp. 107, 113. 2143:, pp. 8, 19–20. 1901:"The real Harry Hay" 1899:(November 7, 2002). 1730:"Mad About the Boys" 1638:politicalaffairs.net 1515:Coinciding with the 1039:), which aimed at a 1004:Gay Liberation Front 841:Alcoholics Anonymous 713:The couple moved to 612:Ordo Templi Orientis 555:A Tale of Two Cities 386:The Intermediate Sex 359:Hay was enrolled at 274:New York Pride March 238:Gay Liberation Front 146: 1938; 5284:Cooper Do-nuts Riot 5277:One, Inc. v. Olesen 5252:Newport sex scandal 5163:Richard L. Schlegel 4821:Harry Hay interview 4350:on August 10, 2019. 4127:, pp. 293–294. 4091:, pp. 294–295. 3983:, pp. 273–275. 3947:, pp. 272–273. 3935:, pp. 270–271. 3923:, pp. 269–270. 3899:, pp. 268–269. 3875:, pp. 266–267. 3820:, pp. 264–265. 3701:, pp. 238–239. 3653:, pp. 239–244. 3629:, pp. 237–238. 3617:, pp. 230–235. 3584:, pp. 228–229. 3572:, pp. 225–227. 3560:, pp. 222–223. 3548:, pp. 220–221. 3479:, pp. 203–207. 3467:, pp. 183–190. 3431:, pp. 193–197. 3377:, pp. 175–178. 3353:, pp. 170–171. 3341:D'Emilio, pp. 69–70 3332:, pp. 164–167. 3311:, pp. 151–152. 3240:, pp. 157–158. 3198:, pp. 143–145. 3168:, pp. 139–142. 3105:, p. =132–134. 3048:, pp. 123–124. 2994:, pp. 127–129. 2982:, pp. 119–121. 2919:, pp. 111–112. 2895:, pp. 106–107. 2868:, pp. 104–105. 2769:Timmons, pp. 120—21 1856:on March 29, 2009. 1644:on August 16, 2013. 1506:Castro neighborhood 1504:in San Francisco's 1319:New York University 1052:homophobic violence 805:Gay rights activism 666:Communist Party USA 564:Hollywood Playhouse 514:Stanford University 371:, specifically the 342:bronchial pneumonia 285:Youth: 1912 to 1929 223:Communist Party USA 217:and an interest in 202:. He cofounded the 50:Anza-Borrego Desert 23:Harry Hay (swimmer) 5526:Pedophile advocacy 5516:Mattachine Society 5394:Henry Gerber House 5379:Homophile movement 5113:Charles Henri Ford 4996:Mattachine Society 4951:Mattachine Society 4574:Gay Community News 4543:Gay Community News 4281:The New York Times 4019:, pp. 282–83. 4007:, pp. 277–78. 3605:Hay/Roscoe, p. 361 3081:Hay/Roscoe, p. 359 3036:Hay/Roscoe, p. 358 3015:Hay/Roscoe, p. 357 2832:, pp. 98–101. 2739:, pp. 67, 69. 2598:Hay/Roscoe, p. 356 2071:Hay/Roscoe, p. 355 1498:Rainbow Honor Walk 1463:The Temperamentals 1441: 1410:leather subculture 1393:Wolf Creek, Oregon 1355: 1315:Gay Academic Union 1298:in 1986. In 1989, 1261: 1257:Occidental College 1152:health food stores 1101:Gay Academic Union 1097:Mitchell L. Walker 1093: 754:Russian War Relief 576:George Oppenheimer 357: 295:upper middle class 258:Mitchell L. Walker 227:Mattachine Society 204:Mattachine Society 5481:American Marxists 5438: 5437: 4614:Johansson, Warren 4579:Hay, Harry, with 4523:Ehrenstein, David 4322:Quirky Travel Guy 4210:978-0-7656-2250-1 4186:on June 24, 2008. 3177:Ehrenstein, p. 47 3123:Hay/Roscoe, p. 61 2805:, pp. 97–98. 2793:, pp. 87–89. 2781:, pp. 86–87. 2760:, pp. 92–93. 2715:, pp. 68–69. 2649:, pp. 64–65. 2634:, pp. 75–76. 2622:, pp. 71–72. 2574:, pp. 60–61. 2562:, pp. 56–59. 2498:, pp. 49–50. 2450:, pp. 45–46. 2438:, pp. 43–45. 2402:, pp. 41–43. 2390:, pp. 40–41. 2357:, pp. 35–36. 2312:. G.P.O. p. 2287:, pp. 33–35. 2263:, pp. 31–32. 2251:, pp. 38–40. 2239:, pp. 36–37. 2227:, pp. 30–31. 2215:, pp. 27–28. 2107:, pp. 15–16. 2083:, pp. 14–15. 1668:978-0-8142-0927-1 1603:Harry Hay (1996) 1493:in honor of Hay. 1243:in the movement. 1202:Boulder, Colorado 1068:Jonathan Ned Katz 982:The Joe Pyne Show 972:(NACHO) in 1966. 833:Progressive Party 742:William Alexander 670:Even As You and I 655:Waiting for Lefty 594:. Having met the 331:Guggenheim family 185: 184: 78:, Sussex, England 5558: 5389:Julius (NYC bar) 5369:Black Cat Tavern 5270:Hazel's Inn raid 5128:Aristide Laurent 5057:Barbara Gittings 4890: 4883: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4822: 4783: 4762: 4740:. Reproduced at 4685:Bronski, Michael 4618:William A. Percy 4569: 4501: 4467: 4466: 4453:Laird, Cynthia. 4450: 4444: 4443: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4143: 4137: 4136:Loughery, p. 441 4134: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3787: 3781: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2842: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2689: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2670:. p. DD–8. 2659: 2650: 2644: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2510: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2414:Loughery, p. 225 2412: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2303: 2297: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1959:Loughery, p. 224 1957: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1897:Bronski, Michael 1893: 1876: 1871: 1862: 1861: 1852:. Archived from 1841: 1832: 1829: 1820: 1819: 1796:Vern L. Bullough 1792: 1781: 1780: 1757: 1748: 1747: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1673: 1672: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1629: 1608: 1599: 1593: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1517:50th anniversary 1491:Mattachine Steps 1474:playing Hay and 1336:Vern L. Bullough 1332:Before Stonewall 1327:Valerie Terrigno 1255:Hay speaking at 1237:ceremonial magic 1219:The Spiral Dance 1148:Aleister Crowley 1064:Gay Pride Parade 944:ONE Confidential 929:V. Gordon Childe 872:secret societies 837:Henry A. Wallace 823: 651:agitprop theatre 592:Richard Cromwell 560:George K. Arthur 485: 428:. He learned of 381:Edward Carpenter 335:Anaconda Company 151: 149: 145: 90: 87:October 24, 2002 71: 69: 46: 32: 31: 5566: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5551:LGBTQ socialism 5441: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5399:LGBTQ movements 5347: 5342:The Homosexuals 5321: 5304:Annual Reminder 5240: 5187: 5086: 5038: 4990: 4904: 4901:Stonewall riots 4894: 4820: 4810: 4800:Radical America 4791: 4789:Further reading 4786: 4780: 4760: 4670:The Gay Almanac 4566: 4498: 4471: 4470: 4451: 4447: 4428: 4424: 4405: 4401: 4382: 4378: 4359: 4355: 4338: 4337: 4333: 4314: 4310: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4273: 4269: 4250: 4246: 4242:, p. xiii. 4238: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4211: 4195: 4191: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3907: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3800: 3792:, p. 250; 3788: 3784: 3776:, p. 250; 3772: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3748: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3709: 3705: 3697: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3320:D'Emilio, p. 64 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3272: 3268: 3260: 3256: 3248: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3186:D'Emilio, p. 62 3185: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3143: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3002: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2966: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2748:D'Emilio, p. 59 2747: 2743: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2699: 2692: 2683: 2679: 2660: 2653: 2645: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2542: 2534: 2530: 2519:The Progressive 2511: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2406: 2398: 2394: 2386: 2382: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2345:(Timmons, p. 7) 2344: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2324: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2271: 2267: 2259: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2231: 2223: 2219: 2211: 2207: 2199: 2195: 2187: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2163: 2159: 2151: 2147: 2139: 2135: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2019: 2015: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1945: 1941:, pp. 6–8. 1937: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1894: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1842: 1835: 1830: 1823: 1816: 1793: 1784: 1774: 1758: 1751: 1726: 1722: 1711: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1653: 1649: 1630: 1626: 1616: 1611: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1549: 1521:Stonewall riots 1472:Thomas Jay Ryan 1418: 1401: 1384:Stonewall riots 1249: 1241:elder statesman 1124:Benson, Arizona 1025:San Juan Pueblo 1021: 1016: 995:Stonewall riots 919:petty bourgeois 914: 869:Medieval French 825: 821: 812: 807: 686: 598:high priestess 550:Charles Dickens 534:James Broughton 526:one-night stand 499:Pershing Square 487: 483: 474: 287: 282: 250:Radical Faeries 234:assimilationism 208:Radical Faeries 169: 167: 165: 153: 150: 1951) 141: 137: 134: 123: 95: 92: 88: 79: 73: 67: 65: 64: 63: 53: 37: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5564: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5338: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5287: 5281: 5273: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5183:H. Lynn Womack 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5048: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5009:Rudi Gernreich 5006: 5000: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4893: 4892: 4885: 4878: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4856: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4817: 4809: 4808:External links 4806: 4805: 4804: 4795:Katz, Jonathan 4790: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4779:978-1555831752 4778: 4763: 4759:978-1590213384 4758: 4745: 4718: 4703:Stryker, Susan 4700: 4681: 4666: 4648: 4633: 4611: 4596: 4583:(ed.) (1996). 4577: 4570: 4565:978-0300109634 4564: 4538: 4520: 4505:D'Emilio, John 4502: 4496: 4477: 4469: 4468: 4445: 4422: 4399: 4386:"Stonewall 50" 4376: 4353: 4331: 4308: 4290: 4267: 4244: 4232: 4220: 4209: 4189: 4167: 4156:. p. A–21 4138: 4129: 4117: 4115:, p. 310. 4105: 4103:, p. 293. 4093: 4081: 4079:, p. 290. 4069: 4067:, p. 291. 4057: 4055:, p. 288. 4045: 4043:, p. 285. 4033: 4031:, p. 284. 4021: 4009: 3997: 3995:, p. 275. 3985: 3973: 3971:, p. 273. 3961: 3959:, p. 272. 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3911:, p. 269. 3901: 3889: 3887:, p. 268. 3877: 3865: 3863:, p. 266. 3853: 3851:, p. 267. 3841: 3839:, p. 265. 3822: 3810: 3808:, p. 264. 3798: 3782: 3766: 3764:, p. 357. 3754: 3752:, p. 262. 3739: 3727: 3725:, p. 261. 3715: 3713:, p. 247. 3703: 3691: 3689:, p. 245. 3679: 3677:, p. 243. 3667: 3655: 3643: 3641:, p. 235. 3631: 3619: 3607: 3598: 3596:, p. 230. 3586: 3574: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3536:, p. 223. 3526: 3517: 3515:, p. 214. 3505: 3493: 3491:, p. 208. 3481: 3469: 3457: 3455:, p. 196. 3445: 3443:, p. 197. 3433: 3421: 3409: 3407:, p. 180. 3397: 3388: 3379: 3367: 3365:, p. 174. 3355: 3343: 3334: 3322: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3266: 3264:, p. 159. 3254: 3252:, p. 161. 3242: 3230: 3221: 3219:, p. 150. 3209: 3200: 3188: 3179: 3170: 3158: 3149: 3147:, p. 136. 3134: 3125: 3116: 3114:Miller, p. 333 3107: 3095: 3093:, p. 135. 3083: 3074: 3072:, p. 127. 3062: 3060:, p. 122. 3050: 3038: 3029: 3027:, p. 123. 3017: 3008: 3006:, p. 118. 2996: 2984: 2972: 2970:, p. 131. 2957: 2945: 2943:, p. 115. 2933: 2931:, p. 111. 2921: 2909: 2897: 2885: 2883:, p. 105. 2870: 2858: 2856:, p. 104. 2843: 2834: 2822: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2771: 2762: 2750: 2741: 2729: 2717: 2705: 2690: 2677: 2651: 2636: 2624: 2612: 2600: 2588: 2576: 2564: 2552: 2540: 2528: 2500: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2452: 2440: 2428: 2416: 2404: 2392: 2380: 2368: 2359: 2347: 2338: 2329: 2322: 2298: 2289: 2277: 2265: 2253: 2241: 2229: 2217: 2205: 2193: 2181: 2169: 2157: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2073: 2059: 2047: 2033: 2013: 1999: 1985: 1970: 1961: 1943: 1931: 1919: 1877: 1863: 1833: 1821: 1815:978-1560231936 1814: 1782: 1773:978-0262621137 1772: 1749: 1738:. p. 37. 1720: 1709: 1689: 1687:, p. 295. 1674: 1667: 1647: 1623: 1622: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1594: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1548: 1545: 1422:Stuart Timmons 1417: 1414: 1400: 1397: 1376:Allen Ginsberg 1300:West Hollywood 1267:, Nicaragua's 1248: 1245: 1187:Barnsdall Park 1183:West Hollywood 1103:, held at the 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 991:New York state 913: 910: 852:Rudi Gernreich 829:Kinsey Reports 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 783:People's Songs 766:Avion Aircraft 685: 682: 580:Willy Wakewell 536:. In 1931, he 475: 473: 470: 286: 283: 281: 278: 200:labor advocate 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 159: 155: 154: 139: 135: 132: 131: 129: 125: 124: 122: 121: 118: 115: 111: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 91:(aged 90) 85: 81: 80: 74: 61: 59: 55: 54: 47: 39: 38: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5563: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5374:DOB Australia 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5364:Black Cat Bar 5362: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5343: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5310:Julius sip-in 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5153:Craig Rodwell 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5103:Reed Erickson 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5062:Barbara Grier 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5024:Dale Jennings 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4941:Janus Society 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4909:Organizations 4907: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4886: 4884: 4879: 4877: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4781: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4715:0-8118-1187-5 4712: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4697:1-57859-008-6 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4678:0-425-15300-2 4675: 4671: 4667: 4664: 4663:0-09-957691-0 4660: 4656: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4645:0-8050-3896-5 4642: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4630:1-56024-419-4 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4608:0-8050-3629-6 4605: 4601: 4597: 4594: 4593:0-8070-7080-7 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4536: 4535:0-688-15317-8 4532: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4517:0-226-14265-5 4514: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4497:0-14-303819-2 4493: 4489: 4488: 4483: 4482:Adler, Margot 4479: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4367:We The People 4364: 4357: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4241: 4236: 4230:, p. xv. 4229: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4142: 4133: 4126: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4097: 4090: 4085: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4054: 4049: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4001: 3994: 3989: 3982: 3977: 3970: 3965: 3958: 3953: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3917: 3910: 3905: 3898: 3893: 3886: 3881: 3874: 3869: 3862: 3857: 3850: 3845: 3838: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3796:, p. 32. 3795: 3791: 3786: 3780:, p. 33. 3779: 3775: 3770: 3763: 3758: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3736: 3731: 3724: 3719: 3712: 3707: 3700: 3695: 3688: 3683: 3676: 3671: 3662: 3660: 3652: 3647: 3640: 3635: 3628: 3623: 3616: 3611: 3602: 3595: 3590: 3583: 3578: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3521: 3514: 3509: 3502: 3497: 3490: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3466: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3430: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3401: 3392: 3383: 3376: 3371: 3364: 3359: 3352: 3347: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3317: 3310: 3305: 3298: 3293: 3285: 3281: 3280:Workers World 3277: 3270: 3263: 3258: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3234: 3225: 3218: 3213: 3204: 3197: 3192: 3183: 3174: 3167: 3162: 3153: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3104: 3099: 3092: 3087: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3059: 3054: 3047: 3042: 3033: 3026: 3021: 3012: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2988: 2981: 2976: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2954: 2949: 2942: 2937: 2930: 2925: 2918: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2894: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2875: 2867: 2862: 2855: 2850: 2848: 2838: 2831: 2826: 2820:, p. 96. 2819: 2814: 2812: 2804: 2799: 2792: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2766: 2759: 2754: 2745: 2738: 2733: 2726: 2721: 2714: 2709: 2703:, p. 78. 2702: 2697: 2695: 2687: 2681: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2656: 2648: 2643: 2641: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2616: 2610:, p. 70. 2609: 2604: 2595: 2593: 2586:, p. 61. 2585: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2561: 2556: 2550:, p. 63. 2549: 2544: 2538:, p. 53. 2537: 2532: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2497: 2492: 2485: 2480: 2474:, p. 46. 2473: 2468: 2462:, p. 52. 2461: 2456: 2449: 2444: 2437: 2432: 2425: 2420: 2411: 2409: 2401: 2396: 2389: 2384: 2378:, p. 83. 2377: 2372: 2363: 2356: 2351: 2342: 2333: 2325: 2323:9780585345642 2319: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2302: 2293: 2286: 2281: 2275:, p. 33. 2274: 2269: 2262: 2257: 2250: 2245: 2238: 2233: 2226: 2221: 2214: 2209: 2203:, p. 25. 2202: 2197: 2191:, p. 24. 2190: 2185: 2179:, p. 22. 2178: 2173: 2166: 2161: 2155:, p. 23. 2154: 2149: 2142: 2137: 2131:, p. 19. 2130: 2125: 2119:, p. 18. 2118: 2113: 2106: 2101: 2095:, p. 15. 2094: 2089: 2082: 2077: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2057:, p. 11. 2056: 2051: 2040:September 14, 2036: 2034:9781555831752 2030: 2026: 2025: 2017: 2009: 2003: 1995: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1965: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1940: 1935: 1929:, p. 10. 1928: 1923: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1817: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1779: 1775: 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1145: 1142:, and quoted 1141: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1114: 1110: 1109:John Burnside 1106: 1102: 1098: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1073: 1072:John D'Emilio 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1011: 1009: 1008:Griffith Park 1005: 1000: 999:New York City 996: 992: 988: 984: 983: 978: 973: 971: 966: 962: 961:John Burnside 958: 953: 950: 946: 945: 940: 939: 934: 930: 926: 925: 920: 909: 906: 900: 897: 893: 889: 884: 881: 875: 873: 870: 866: 862: 858: 857:Dale Jennings 853: 848: 846: 845:Joseph Stalin 842: 838: 834: 830: 824: 818: 802: 800: 794: 792: 788: 787:Woody Guthrie 784: 780: 776: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 749: 747: 746:Alfred Kinsey 743: 739: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 708:Orange County 705: 701: 696: 691: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 558:performed by 557: 556: 551: 547: 542: 539: 535: 531: 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Dorr Legg 5123:Morris Kight 5118:Henry Gerber 5108:Arthur Evans 5077:Ruth Simpson 5034:Jack Nichols 5029:Frank Kameny 5018: 5014:James Gruber 4859: 4829: 4798: 4768: 4749: 4721: 4706: 4688: 4669: 4654: 4651:Miller, Neil 4636: 4621: 4599: 4584: 4550: 4541: 4526: 4508: 4486: 4474:Bibliography 4473: 4472: 4458: 4448: 4435: 4425: 4413:www.metro.us 4412: 4402: 4389: 4379: 4366: 4356: 4348:the original 4343: 4334: 4321: 4311: 4293: 4280: 4270: 4257: 4247: 4240:Timmons 1990 4235: 4228:Timmons 1990 4223: 4199: 4192: 4184:the original 4180:The Advocate 4179: 4170: 4158:. 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