244:
197:, with the denomination repeated in words at the bottom. The top line read "Hawaiian / Postage" for the 2- and 5-cent values, but "H.I. & U.S. / Postage" for the 13-cent value, reflecting its unusual role of paying two different countries' postage. A thin line surrounded by a thicker line framed the stamp as a whole. All stamps were printed in the same shade of blue on
189:
The stamps went on sale
October 1, 1851, in three denominations covering three rates: the 2-cent stamp was for newspapers going to the US, the 5-cent value was for regular mail to the US, and the 13-cent value was for mail to the US East Coast, combining the 5 cents of Hawaiian postage, a 2-cent ship
255:
sent to New York City bearing the only known use of the 2-cent value on cover, as well as a 5-cent value and two 3-cent US stamps. This is known as the Dawson Cover. It was in a bundle of correspondence shoved into a factory furnace around 1870, but packed so tightly that the fire went out (though
260:
in 1905, then bought by Alfred H. Caspary in
December 1917 for $ 6,100. It has changed hands several more times: the Weill brothers bought it for $ 25,000 in 1957 for Benjamin Dwight Phillips and eleven years later disposed of it from the Phillips collection for $ 90,000, in the 1995 Siegel auction
276:
So soon as Steam or other mail packets under the flag of either of the contracting parties, shall have commenced running between their respective ports of entry, the contracting parties agree to receive at the post offices of those ports all mailable matter, and to forward it as directed, the
277:
destination being to regular post office of either country, charging thereupon the regular postal rate as established by law in the territories of either party receiving said mailable matter, in addition to the original postage of the office whence the mail sent.
36:
289:
J. B. Moore to implement the treaty's mail exchange provision quickly, to support Hawaii's sovereignty against any potential French ambitions in the
Hawaiian Islands. Moore agreed by early December, and the Honolulu Post Office opened on December 21, 1850.
235:, Charles Lampert placed three valuable stamps on an envelope to hide $ 250,000 he had stolen, with accomplices, during WWII but kept for himself. One of these stamps is a 3 cent Hawaiian Missionary intended to represent the rarer 2 cent value.
256:
one side of the cover bears a scorch mark). The factory was abandoned; 35 years later, a workman cleaning the factory for reuse discovered the stuffed furnace, and knew enough about stamps to save the unusual covers. This cover was acquired by
302:, matriarch of a missionary family in Hawaii, were acquired by George H. Grinnell and then sold to dealer John Klemann for $ 65,000. But in 1922, the stamps' authenticity became the subject of a court case, and they were adjudged
204:
Although the stamps were in regular use until as late as 1856, of the four values issued only about 200 have survived (Scott Trepel's census in the Siegel catalog lists 197, but see below), of which 28 are unused, and 32 are on
317:
agreed. Further analysis showed that the ink and paper were consistent with 1850s types. Even so, the Royal
Philatelic Society declared the stamps to be counterfeit. A book detailing their findings was published in 2006 titled
261:
it realized a price of US$ 2.09 million ($ 1.9 million plus 10% buyer's premium), and in 2013 it sold for $ 2.24 million to an
American collector making it one of the highest-priced of all philatelic items.
626:
298:
In 1920, 43 additional
Missionaries appeared on the philatelic market. They came from a Charles Shattuck, whose mother had apparently corresponded with her childhood friend
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rarities). An astonishing lore surrounds this stamp: in 1892, one of its earlier owners, Gaston Leroux, was murdered for it by an envious fellow philatelist, Hector Giroux.
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830:
446:
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520:
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635:
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They have been studied on a number of occasions since then, but opinion remains divided. In 1922, experts testified that the
Grinnells had been produced by
329:
announced that they had acquired 36 of the
Grinnells from the descendants of George Grinnell, and were selling the group "as is" for US$ 1.5 million.
1288:
619:
1109:
35:
1485:
1022:
548:
How to look after your
Collection – A Basic Guide. Based on a paper given at the 87th Philatelic Congress of Great Britain, Derby on 8 July 2005
143:
working in the
Hawaiian Islands. Only a handful of these stamps have survived to the present day, and so they are amongst the great rarities of
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sold the same stamp in 1963 the price was $ 41,000, the highest value ever paid for any stamp at that time (even more than the
175:, the first postmaster, was authorized to print stamps for those rates in June 1851, which he did using the printing press of
1178:
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139:, issued in 1851. They came to be known as the "Missionaries" because they were primarily found on the correspondence of
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320:
The Investigation of the Grinnell Hawaiian Missionaries by the Expert Committee of the Royal Philatelic Society London
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and not by handset moveable type, but in the 1980s Keith Cordrey contended that they were probably typeset, and the
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The 2-cent is the rarest of the Hawaiian Missionaries, with 15 copies recorded, only one of which is unused. When
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had increased greatly. In response, the Hawaiian government established a post office and set postal rates.
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The Dawson cover, shown on the 2002 Souvenir Sheet (Scott 3694) may be evidence of the validity of the 1850
1264:
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201:, an extremely thin tissue-like paper prone to tearing; 90% of known Missionaries are damaged in some way.
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The design was very simple, consisting only of a central numeral of the denomination framed by a standard
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In the early 19th century, mail to and from Hawaii was carried by ship captains on an
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has commented that they probably would not have survived had they not been.
1249:
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440:"The Dawson Cover: The Celebrated and Unique Hawaiian 2¢ Missionary Cover"
1218:
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554:, Barnet & District Philatelic Society, 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
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sold this unique unused example in 1921 the price was US$ 15,000; when
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On September 9, 1850, Hawaii's Minister of Foreign Affairs,
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Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States
1038:
List of people on the postage stamps of the United States
1028:
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
226:"Post Office" Mauritius blue two pence and red one penny
190:
fee, and 6 cents to cover the transcontinental US rate.
1048:
Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps
332:
Many of the surviving Missionaries are repaired, and
492:
US Treaty with the Hawaiian Islands, Dec. 20, 1849.
1289:Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog
634:
434:
432:
430:
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19:For people who were missionaries to Hawaii, see
427:
251:The most valuable of all Missionary items is a
159:basis. By 1849, partly as a side effect of the
679:Alexandria "Blue Boy" Postmaster's Provisional
266:Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation
1063:U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps
620:
519:Paul K. McCutcheon and Herbert A. Trenchard,
16:First postage stamps of the Kingdom of Hawaii
684:United States postmasters provisional stamps
293:
356:Postage stamps and postal history of Hawaii
1058:Territories of the United States on stamps
627:
613:
469:"The year in review: top stories for 2013"
268:between the United States and Hawaii as a
361:
761:All Aboard! 20th Century American Trains
242:
1023:Artworks on stamps of the United States
584:. New York: Philatelic Foundation, 1948
1486:Postage stamps of the Hawaiian Kingdom
1478:
1189:History of United States postage rates
886:Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932
408:
608:
521:"Grinnell Hawaiian Missionary Stamps"
1389:American Philatelic Research Library
1260:United States Post Office Department
1199:Pneumatic tube mail in New York City
967:List of United States airmail stamps
582:Hawaii, its stamp and postal history
523:, Smithsonian Institution Libraries.
466:
1450:Revenue stamps of the United States
1123:Cardinal Spellman Philatelic Museum
238:
13:
1179:Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee
871:U.S. Parcel Post stamps of 1912–13
411:"The 10 Most Valuable U.S. Stamps"
14:
1502:
1399:Rocky Mountain Philatelic Library
1184:Express mail in the United States
952:1918 Curtiss Jenny airmail stamps
689:New York Postmaster's Provisional
600:Missionary stamps - Forgery Study
588:
181:, a weekly government newspaper.
1460:United States Postmaster General
1409:U.S. Philatelic Classics Society
1404:United Postal Stationery Society
1359:Bureau of Engraving and Printing
1164:Apollo 15 postage stamp incident
34:
1255:San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line
929:Statue of Liberty Forever stamp
923:Raising the Flag at Ground Zero
573:Siegel auction catalog for the
541:
315:Royal Philatelic Society London
934:2017 Total Solar Eclipse stamp
907:Distinguished Americans series
876:US Regular Issues of 1922–1931
636:Philately of the United States
526:
513:
499:
485:
460:
409:Ortved, John (June 14, 2018).
402:
387:
372:
351:List of notable postage stamps
90:
21:List of Missionaries to Hawaii
1:
1033:History of Virginia on stamps
150:
1265:United States Postal Service
1240:American Letter Mail Company
781:Breast cancer research stamp
467:Snee, Charles (2013-01-10).
7:
1414:United States Stamp Society
1394:American Philatelic Society
1364:Homer Lee Bank Note Company
912:Elvis Presley Forever stamp
346:Hawaiian Philatelic Society
339:
184:
10:
1507:
1465:United States Post Offices
1455:United States postal notes
1354:American Bank Note Company
1133:National Philatelic Museum
1118:Benjamin Miller Collection
1094:Earliest reported postmark
891:Washington–Franklin Issues
851:Prominent Americans series
394:"More Than Child's Play",
18:
1445:Postal Reorganization Act
1422:
1384:American Air Mail Society
1376:
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1321:
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1245:Butterfield Overland Mail
1232:
1146:
1107:
1084:
1080:
1013:
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957:1930 Graf Zeppelin stamps
942:
899:
836:Oklahoma Statehood Stamps
831:Norse-American Centennial
753:
702:
667:
663:
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595:Missionary stamps history
577:collection, November 1995
379:Post Office in Paradise:
294:The Grinnell Missionaries
222:British Guiana 1c magenta
108:
100:
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81:
66:
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33:
28:
1338:American stamp designers
1282:The American Philatelist
1204:Postal history of Oregon
1174:Boat Railway Post Office
841:Overrun Countries series
568:Linn's Philatelic Gems 1
447:Siegel Auction Galleries
285:, asked San Francisco's
990:Dag Hammarskjöld invert
861:Special handling stamps
806:Five cents John Kennedy
740:Western Cattle in Storm
735:Trans-Mississippi Issue
508:Post Office in Paradise
29:Hawaiian "Missionaries"
1138:National Postal Museum
816:Great Americans series
771:Antarctic Treaty issue
384:(retrieved 1 May 2007)
362:References and sources
283:Robert Crichton Wyllie
279:
248:
163:and the settlement of
53:Location of production
1430:American philatelists
1224:U.S. Special Delivery
1128:Florida Postal Museum
1053:Puerto Rico on stamps
786:Celebrate the Century
725:Hawaiian Missionaries
300:Ursula Newell Emerson
274:
272:. Under Article XV,
258:George H. Worthington
246:
129:Hawaiian Missionaries
43:Country of production
1435:American postmasters
1209:Railway Mail Service
1154:Air Mail Act of 1925
866:Transportation coils
796:Elvis Presley single
791:Comic Strip Classics
710:1869 Pictorial Issue
655:Henry Thomas Windsor
327:Mystic Stamp Company
322:by Patrick Pearson.
173:Henry Martyn Whitney
161:California Gold Rush
1214:Rural Free Delivery
1005:Pan-American invert
811:Fourth Bureau issue
776:Bicentennial Series
575:Honolulu Advertiser
167:, mail to and from
115:~ÂŁ450,000.00 unused
1440:Postal Service Act
1068:Women on US stamps
881:War savings stamps
846:Presidential Issue
801:Federal Duck Stamp
570:(Amos Press, 1989)
249:
231:In the 1963 movie
195:printer's ornament
67:Date of production
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1371:
1317:
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1296:Linn's Stamp News
1076:
1075:
917:Nature of America
506:"Treaty Period",
473:Linn's Stamp News
381:Missionary Stamps
218:Alfred H. Caspary
137:Kingdom of Hawaii
125:
124:
118:~ÂŁ225,000.00 used
47:Kingdom of Hawaii
1498:
1328:
1327:
1302:Minkus catalogue
1169:Barefoot mailman
1159:Air Mail scandal
1108:Collections and
1082:
1081:
766:Americana series
730:Lost Continental
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580:Henry A. Meyer.
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239:The Dawson cover
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82:Nature of rarity
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1274:Publications
1250:Pony Express
1194:Mail jumping
1099:Fancy cancel
1000:Nixon invert
921:
900:21st century
754:20th century
724:
703:19th century
650:Thomas Neale
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494:Aloha Quest.
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476:. Retrieved
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451:. Retrieved
449:. 2013-06-25
418:. Retrieved
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398:June 7, 1963
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141:missionaries
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93:in existence
56:
1219:Star routes
669:Provisional
552:David Beech
334:David Beech
1480:Categories
1324:production
985:CIA invert
715:Black Jack
478:2014-01-18
453:2013-01-18
420:2019-01-20
367:References
287:postmaster
165:California
151:Background
101:Face value
1347:Companies
1331:Designers
1086:Postmarks
643:Pre-stamp
304:forgeries
145:philately
104:Two cents
85:Few exist
1015:Topicals
944:Airmails
340:See also
185:Issuance
61:Honolulu
1423:Related
1110:museums
745:Z Grill
561:Sources
415:HISTORY
233:Charade
135:of the
72: (
671:stamps
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157:ad hoc
1322:Stamp
443:(PDF)
396:Time,
253:cover
207:cover
977:EFOs
533:ISBN
224:and
127:The
74:1851
70:1851
550:by
91:No.
1482::
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445:.
429:^
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209:.
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96:15
628:e
621:t
614:v
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423:.
76:)
23:.
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