3352:
coexisting. The first three reflect the three diasporas that have terminated in Hawaii: the great marine diaspora of the
Pacific Islanders that probably reached the Hawaiian Islands sometime in the third century A.D..; the European voyages of discovery that finally came upon the Islands in the late eighteenth century; and the long migration of the Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Koreans, Filipinos, and lately, Southeast Asians, most of whom came to work on the plantations. From these diverse traditions, a fourth, an East-West-Pacific food, is now being created, known in the Islands as Local Food. But there is another cuisine in the Islands that attracts attention, Hawaii Regional Cuisine... was created by forces quite different from those that drive Local Food...although the forces creating Hawaii Regional Cuisine and Local Food were different, their current cross-fertilization can be nothing but mutually beneficial, creating a firm regional base for the cuisine of the restaurants and increasing sophistication for the cuisine of the home and the street."
1476:
2589:
1294:
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1183:
8434:
3301:
919:
325:
2241:
8445:
5697:
1839:
3073:
2002:
49:
8485:
3265:
2097:
265:
8465:
2406:
167:
3108:
3094:
1658:
8475:
8455:
5120:
8422:
3277:
933:
2837:
2600:
2162:. Its popularity is also reaching Europe, with the restaurant POND Dalston opening in 2014 as first New Hawaiian Cuisine in the United Kingdom. There are also many Hawaiian-made specialties such as Lilikoi açaí bowls from places like Ono Yo on the North Shore of Oahu. There are also branded items such as
2068:
The development of Hawaii regional cuisine was a coordinated effort to move away from ingredients shipped over long distances and preparations that copied continental recipes even when they were not well suited to conditions in Hawaii. Rather, the group hoped to promote locally sourced ingredients in
3364:
The early settlement history of Hawaiʻi is not completely resolved. One theory is that the first
Polynesians arrived in Hawaiʻi in the third century from the Marquesas and were followed by Tahitian settlers in 1300 AD who conquered the original inhabitants. Another is that there was an extended
1382:
Prior to cooking, pigs and dogs were killed by strangulation or by holding their nostrils shut, in order to conserve the animal's blood. Meat was prepared by flattening out the whole eviscerated animal and broiling it over hot coals, or it was spitted on sticks. Large pieces of meat, such as fowl,
3351:
type known as "Hawaiian
Regional Cuisine" (HRC) that began in 1992. Because HRC was so new at the time of Laudan's book, she only briefly touches upon it: "I came to understand that what people in Hawaii eat is a mixture of four distinct kinds of food, introduced at distinct periods, but now all
1865:
opened on Hotel Street, and as one of the most refined hotels in the
Pacific, catering to wealthy clients. The Royal Hawaiian dining room served dishes on par with the best restaurants in Europe, with an 1874 menu offering dishes such as mullet, spring lamb, chicken with tomatoes, and
1857:
was opened in 1849 by a
Portuguese man named Peter Fernandez. Situated behind the Bishop & Co. bank, the establishment was known as the "eating house" and was followed by other restaurants, such as Leon Dejean's "Parisian Restaurant" at the corner of Hotel and Fort Streets.
4706:
1435:
The intense heat from the hot rocks cooked food thoroughly—the quantity of food for several days could be cooked at once, taken out and eaten as needed, and the cover replaced to keep the remainder warm. Sweet potatoes, taro, breadfruit and other vegetables were cooked in the
1542:
variety. Marin also brewed the first beer in 1812, and planted the first coffee crop in 1817, but his plantings failed. Marin, called "Manini" by the
Hawaiians, experimented with planting oranges, limes, beans, cabbages, potatoes, peaches, melons,
1981:, came up with a recipe for the Hawaiian version of sweet Portuguese bread in the 1950s. Taira began to commercially produce the bread in Hawaii, and it became successful in Honolulu bakeries and coffee shops, with plant production expanding to
2180:
ceased production in 2009. Some of its assets and employees are involved in the Haliʻimaile
Pineapple Company startup and Kapalua Farms organic pineapple operation was taken over by Ulupono Sustainable Agriculture Development with backing from
4726:
1900:, promoted increasing local agricultural production, saying that "there was a time when Hawaii supplied California with flour, also potatoes and other vegetables. Now California produces her own and sends part of the surplus here."
1211:
whose uncoiled fronds are eaten boiled) and fruits that grew at higher elevations. Botanists and archaeologists believe that the
Polynesian voyagers introduced anywhere between 27 and more than 30 plants to the islands, known as
1930:
From 1978 to 1988, chefs who came to Hawaii would avoid
Hawaiian-grown ingredients like their European counterparts, preferring to ship everything in from the U.S. mainland, or as far away as Australia, New Zealand, and Europe.
1911:
was planting non-native pineapples in Hawaii. These concerns were not addressed until almost a century later, when the regional cuisine movement began encouraging the food industry to "grow local, buy local, and eat local."
1550:
By the late 19th century, pineapple and sugarcane plantations owned and run by
American settlers took over much of Hawaii's land, and these two crops became the most important sources of revenue for the Hawaiian economy.
2648:
in particular has a long history, since ancient Hawaiians used it on long ocean voyages because it is well preserved when salted and dried. A large portion of the local tuna fishery goes to Japan to be sold for
2072:
The goal of the group was to link local ranchers, fishermen and farmers with chefs and business in the hospitality and restaurant industry to develop Hawaii regional cuisine as a reflection of the community.
2157:
The continued popularity of Hawaii in the 21st century as a tourist destination has helped spawn Hawaiian-themed and Hawaiian cuisine restaurants in the contiguous United States such as Ono Hawaiian BBQ and
1520:, the new cattle multiplied out of control; the king hired an American man named John Parker to capture and domesticate cattle. Many of the cattle were butchered and beef was introduced to Hawaiian cuisine.
1290:
The early Hawaiian diet was diverse, and may have included as many as 130 different types of seafood and 230 types of sweet potatoes. Some species of land and sea birds were consumed into extinction.
2076:
They took uninspired international and continental hotel cuisine based on imported products and recipes from the mainland and replaced them with dishes and a cuisine based on locally grown foods.
2541:
Cattle ranching grew rapidly for the next 100 years. In 1960, half of the land in Hawaii was devoted to ranching for beef export, but by 1990 the number had shrunk to 25 percent. The
3383:, which was thought to be blurred by both sexes handling the same food. In addition, some foods were forbidden to women, such as pork, certain kinds of fish and most types of bananas.
1067:
As pineapple and sugarcane plantations grew, so did the demand for labor, bringing many immigrant groups to the Islands between 1850 and 1930. Immigrant workers brought cuisines from
2450:
Spam is used in local dishes in a variety of ways, most commonly fried and served with rice. For breakfast, fried eggs are often served with spam. Spam can also be wrapped in
5913:
2570:
When beef is dried in the sun, a screened box is traditionally used to keep the meat from dust and flies. Dried meat could often be found as a relish or appetizer at a
5868:
5903:
4033:
3475:
5524:
5840:
5152:
3216:. From 1901 to 1998, "Primo" was one of the most popular Hawaiian beers, and as of 2008, has returned to production, though it is now brewed in California.
5893:
5878:
2283:, as well as taro starch or flour. The dry-land variety has a crispy texture and is used for making taro chips. The smaller American variety is used for
1942:
served local ethnic foods in addition to the American fare such as Rainbow Drive-in, L&L, Liliha Bakery and Zippy's. Smaller mom-n-pop shops such as
1610:
with rice, adding their herbs and spices. Chinese rice growers imported familiar fish varieties from Asia to stock local streams and irrigation ditches.
5772:
1781:
style of vinegar and garlic dishes, choosing to boil, stew, broil, and fry food instead of baking, and eating sweet potatoes as a staple besides rice.
5057:
5208:
3402:
1153:" in 1992, a style of cooking that makes use of locally grown ingredients to blend all of Hawaii's historical influences together to form a new
5580:
3243:
2030:
style. The cuisine draws from local ingredients (including seafood, beef and tropical foods), and is a fusion of ethnic culinary influences.
5203:
2945:
8148:
5860:
5595:
4466:
Paul, Robert E.; Chen, Ching-Cheng (2003), "Postharvest Physiology, Handling and Storage of Pineapple", in Bartholomew, Robert E. (ed.),
3225:(microbrews) have been slow to take off in Hawaii due to a restrictive state law on brewpub sales. However, the law changed in 2003, and
2435:
has been highly popular in Hawaii for decades. Per capita, Hawaiians are the second largest consumers of Spam in the world, right behind
2026:
Hawaii regional cuisine refers to a style of cooking and the group of chefs who developed it and advocated for it as a distinct Hawaiian
439:
295:
1149:
several well-known local restaurants opened their doors to serve "Hawaiian Food". Chefs further refined the local style by labeling it "
8274:
5145:
1475:
1126:, combined with the existing indigenous, European and American foods in the plantation working environments and the local communities.
964:
6210:
5426:
2676:
or grilled at high temperatures, but for a relatively short period of time to avoid overcooking due to its very low fat content. The
537:
2227:
and various cookbooks promoting Hawaiian regional cuisine have also helped popularize Hawaiian cuisine and Hawaiian fusion cuisine.
5732:
892:
7410:
6411:
6180:
5341:
3945:
1428:, ginger or banana leaves are put into the pit, covered with wet leaves, mats and a layer of earth. Water may be added through a
368:
4292:
8228:
6205:
5271:
5138:
4866:
1749:
By the early 20th century, the Japanese were the largest ethnic group and rice became the third-largest crop in the islands.
435:
3971:
8478:
5406:
501:
4898:
3926:
2423:. Spam was brought to Hawaii during World War II and popularized on the islands, with spam musubi appearing in the 1980s
1934:
While eating out was not as prevalent as it is now, local eateries began to establish themselves starting in the 1960s.
8514:
7846:
5961:
5247:
5224:
5124:
4037:
3472:
2118:
1897:
1752:
414:
2217:
1287:, and the meat was offered at altars, some of which was consumed by priests and the rest eaten in a mass celebration.
7948:
5534:
5101:
5077:
5042:
5021:
4967:
4887:
4847:
4828:
4809:
4772:
4753:
4720:
4695:
4674:
4652:
4633:
4609:
4578:
4559:
4540:
4518:
4494:
4475:
4456:
2144:
1726:, and, although many of their vegetable seeds would not grow in the climate of the islands, they succeeded in making
864:
31:
2784:, since the former is usually rough-cut and piled onto a plate, and can be made with less expensive pieces of fish.
2126:
8238:
6038:
6026:
5590:
5175:
2177:
1674:
1580:
598:
3473:"Gardening at the Edge: Documenting the Limits of Tropical Polynesian Kumara Horticulture in Southern New Zealand"
1534:
Although grape vines were introduced by Captain Vancouver around 1792, Marin is credited with the first Hawaiian
1501:, leaving a ram goat, ewes, a boar, an English sow, and seeds for melons, pumpkins, and onions. In 1793, Captain
897:
288:
4426:
3734:
6297:
3143:
have experienced some popularity in Hawaii, with commercial kava plantations on Maui, Molokai, Kauai, and Oahu.
2443:, Spam became an important source of protein for locals after fishing around the islands was prohibited during
2122:
1279:
had no meat animals except bats and lizards, so ancient Polynesians sailed the Pacific with pigs, chickens and
957:
749:
8123:
8108:
6674:
5600:
4991:
2440:
1833:
1564:
739:
603:
565:
17:
4922:
Pollock, Nancy J. (April 1986), "Food Classification in Three Pacific Societies: Fiji, Hawaii, and Tahiti",
4403:
1734:. The homes of Japanese immigrants lacked ovens, so their cooking relied on frying, steaming, broiling, and
8128:
8014:
6560:
5725:
2770:
2494:
1613:
1528:
1038:
1030:
8322:
8158:
8143:
8080:
7978:
7609:
5585:
3230:
3205:
3072:
1045:
666:
2265:)—a popular and ancient plant that has been harvested for at least 30,000 years by indigenous people in
8223:
8133:
7772:
7742:
6530:
5484:
5354:
4712:
3255:
1886:
801:
769:
764:
759:
520:
281:
5349:
2754:
is a local cuisine that originally involved preserving raw fish or other seafood such as octopus with
1563:
expanded, the demand for labor grew, so the plantation owners hired immigrant workers, which included
8509:
8138:
8098:
7824:
7782:
7777:
7752:
7298:
6195:
6085:
5928:
5888:
5797:
5701:
5575:
5504:
5438:
4982:
3379:
1990:
950:
824:
525:
249:
2316:—roasted kernels traditionally used as candles, main ingredient in the ancient Hawaiian condiment, '
8458:
8218:
8173:
8088:
7923:
7901:
7886:
7876:
7861:
7829:
7762:
7757:
7737:
6669:
6080:
6075:
5999:
5918:
5873:
5749:
5623:
5570:
5519:
5514:
5489:
5302:
5237:
2583:
2163:
2159:
2107:
854:
839:
819:
774:
469:
356:
4667:
On the Road of the Winds: an Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands Before European Contact
8332:
8036:
7896:
7881:
7871:
7747:
7695:
7649:
6686:
6342:
6322:
6006:
5807:
5718:
5565:
5494:
5359:
5252:
4434:
2831:
2111:
2046:
1506:
1171:
1150:
1026:, planted coconuts, sugarcane, sweet potatoes and yams, and cooked meat and fish in earth ovens.
859:
844:
387:
361:
181:
3229:
are now available. The Maui Brewing Co. is the largest Hawaiian packaged beer brewer. (see also
1919:, so Hawaiian agriculture has taken a diverse approach, producing a variety of crops, including
1338:, was held. When a woman was to have her first child, her husband started raising a pig for the
423:
8153:
8004:
7891:
7804:
7435:
6617:
6337:
6185:
6115:
6105:
6058:
6021:
6016:
5954:
5908:
5669:
5560:
5509:
5307:
5261:
3024:
2167:
1694:
1105:
1049:
994:
829:
754:
651:
530:
484:
346:
244:
4602:
The New Cuisine of Hawaii: Recipes from the Twelve Celebrated Chefs of Hawaii Regional Cuisine
8103:
8093:
8009:
7906:
7794:
7460:
7415:
7131:
7121:
6985:
6851:
6786:
6746:
6540:
6110:
6043:
5883:
5414:
5229:
5032:
3377:
Men and women ate their meals separately to preserve the distinction between male and female
1233:
of their diet, and it is still much loved today. In addition to taro the Polynesians brought
1009:
834:
510:
428:
351:
7208:
6612:
1264:(known in Hawaiian as kukui nuts), and sugarcane. They found plenty of fish, shellfish, and
8291:
8286:
8269:
8188:
8031:
7958:
7839:
7834:
7819:
7767:
7505:
7395:
7069:
7064:
6856:
6332:
6200:
5994:
5684:
5459:
5396:
5391:
5369:
4662:
3213:
2983:
2563:
before serving. With the influence of Asian cooking, beef strips are commonly marinated in
2332:
2186:
2079:
This founding group of chefs worked to publish the 1994 cookbook by Janice Wald Henderson,
2069:
the hospitality industry while simultaneously informing the world about cuisine in Hawaii.
1862:
1842:
1084:
923:
796:
570:
407:
402:
216:
70:
1632:
or meat with bones and moderately sweet garlic sauce as well, and another Korean favorite
1463:; afterwards men and women ate meals separately. The ancient practice of cooking with the
8:
8488:
7537:
7440:
7430:
7405:
7288:
7248:
7218:
7188:
7183:
7005:
6995:
6590:
6513:
6389:
6257:
6247:
6190:
6053:
5855:
5787:
5777:
5762:
5529:
5431:
5364:
5289:
5279:
5180:
3161:
2894:
2512:, is a popular snack in Hawaii which found its way onto island sushi menus in the 1980s.
2482:
2357:
2042:
1681:
in the late 19th century, introducing their foods with an emphasis on pork, tomatoes and
1576:
1424:
1188:
1053:
902:
744:
613:
546:
464:
382:
188:
8464:
2520:
In the 19th century, John Parker brought over Mexican cowboys to train the Hawaiians in
2204:
is a grocery chain. There are also distinctive and historic business operations such as
1293:
1041:
arrived along with missionaries and whalers, who introduced their foods and built large
8301:
8168:
8048:
7664:
7644:
7639:
7527:
7495:
7470:
7420:
7400:
7348:
7318:
7303:
7293:
7253:
7228:
7161:
7136:
7126:
7106:
6990:
6975:
6965:
6863:
6821:
6796:
6771:
6726:
6681:
6607:
6545:
6520:
6317:
6267:
6237:
6175:
6165:
6160:
5757:
5419:
5314:
5284:
4955:
4939:
4623:
4445:
2709:
2701:
2249:
1821:
1664:, believed to have been introduced to Hawaii from Japan by Japanese immigrants who ate
1661:
1572:
1206:
1088:
1080:
998:
990:
515:
479:
474:
459:
449:
377:
202:
2967:
2588:
1422:, and when the rocks are glowing hot, the embers are removed and the foods wrapped in
8380:
8254:
8118:
8019:
7983:
7953:
7702:
7634:
7624:
7619:
7572:
7567:
7557:
7520:
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7363:
7283:
7273:
7213:
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7168:
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7044:
7015:
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6893:
6841:
6826:
6776:
6711:
6706:
6691:
6575:
6478:
6473:
6441:
6436:
6404:
6384:
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6369:
6364:
6307:
6287:
6262:
6227:
6048:
6011:
5947:
5923:
5822:
5324:
5097:
5073:
5051:
5038:
5017:
4996:
4963:
4951:
4883:
4862:
4843:
4824:
4805:
4768:
4749:
4716:
4691:
4685:
4670:
4648:
4629:
4605:
4574:
4555:
4536:
4514:
4490:
4471:
4452:
3107:
3006:
2860:
2800:
2745:
2173:
1591:
1560:
779:
174:
157:
4743:
8448:
8404:
8387:
8317:
8296:
8203:
8163:
8065:
8026:
7999:
7933:
7918:
7809:
7707:
7604:
7589:
7584:
7532:
7515:
7510:
7490:
7480:
7475:
7328:
7308:
7263:
7258:
7243:
7233:
7223:
7203:
7146:
7141:
7111:
7101:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7010:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6873:
6868:
6791:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6731:
6701:
6664:
6649:
6639:
6629:
6585:
6570:
6565:
6550:
6525:
6483:
6451:
6446:
6394:
6359:
6347:
6302:
6292:
6277:
6252:
6242:
6232:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6132:
6092:
6065:
5989:
5898:
5832:
5817:
5741:
5386:
5379:
5161:
4931:
4821:
Some Fruits of Hawaii: Their Composition, Nutritive Value and Use in Tested Recipes
2684:), popular and shipped all over the mainland United States, is high in fat and its
2343:
plant—cooked arrowroot is mixed with papaya, banana, or pumpkin in baked desserts;
2209:
2205:
1893:
1787:
arrived in 1919, building their earth ovens above ground instead of below like the
1776:
1517:
1502:
1284:
1201:
1076:
1034:
986:
575:
397:
316:
81:
5091:
3093:
2899:
leaf, but variations may include other proteins such as fish, chicken, and/or beef
1091:
after arriving in Hawaii, introducing their new foods and influencing the region.
8208:
8198:
8178:
8070:
7943:
7913:
7732:
7712:
7659:
7614:
7599:
7594:
7542:
7500:
7465:
7425:
7390:
7353:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7238:
7198:
7178:
7156:
7096:
7081:
7076:
7022:
6980:
6970:
6960:
6955:
6940:
6846:
6816:
6736:
6696:
6634:
6622:
6597:
6555:
6508:
6493:
6461:
6456:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6399:
6374:
6327:
6312:
6272:
6222:
5984:
5792:
5782:
5544:
5374:
4783:
4589:
4405:
The Island Plate: 150 Years of Recipes and Food Lore from the Honolulu Advertiser
4296:
4059:
3984:
3479:
3248:
3199:
2989:
2521:
2201:
1867:
1539:
1376:
1276:
1269:
1068:
1013:
874:
392:
223:
148:
8468:
7968:
4794:, Baltimore, MD: Plant World Association, Wild Flower Preservation Society: 1–12
4487:
Tradewinds & Coconuts: A Reminiscence & Recipes from the Pacific Islands
4034:"London's first New Hawaiian restaurant is opening in Dalston | dalstonist"
2889:—traditional preparation include pieces of salted black cod and pork wrapped in
8327:
8264:
8233:
8193:
7963:
7866:
7814:
7799:
7722:
7717:
7654:
7552:
7485:
7455:
7445:
7378:
7323:
7313:
7268:
7173:
7116:
7086:
7059:
7054:
7049:
6923:
6888:
6878:
6831:
6781:
6741:
6721:
6716:
6659:
6644:
6602:
6580:
6503:
6466:
6140:
6100:
6070:
5845:
5812:
5802:
5767:
5130:
5067:
4906:
4619:
4254:
3226:
3169:
3135:) is a traditional soporific beverage of Oceania thought to have originated in
2863:—chicken stewed with ginger, green onions, and rice vermicelli/mung bean thread
2852:
2762:) with seasonings or cutting it into small pieces. Seasonings made of seaweed,
2737:
2627:
2190:
2182:
2054:
2050:
2027:
2006:
1986:
1920:
1916:
1599:
1587:
wanted its food in workplaces, and farms and grocery markets were established.
1328:
1280:
1253:
1182:
1177:
1154:
1116:
1072:
1005:
849:
791:
706:
676:
580:
239:
131:
1237:. These are believed to have come from Polynesian contact with the New World.
8503:
8360:
8281:
8213:
8113:
7938:
7928:
7856:
7727:
7629:
7562:
7547:
7383:
7373:
7368:
7278:
7000:
6950:
6945:
6883:
6836:
6654:
6535:
6498:
6488:
6352:
6282:
6215:
6127:
6033:
5499:
5319:
5297:
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1873:
The massive pineapple industry of Hawaii was born when the "Pineapple King",
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1441:
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and other rocks that do not split when heated to a high temperature, such as
1411:
633:
489:
454:
269:
209:
119:
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2720:) has a higher fat, and is steamed or baked, served with a light sauce. The
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in 300–500 AD, few edible plants existed in the new land, aside from ferns (
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2018:
1978:
1908:
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foliage, flowers, and nut (candlenut) was brought to Hawaii by Polynesians.
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2447:. In 2005, Hawaiians consumed more than five million cans of Spam.
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Men did all of the cooking, and food for women was cooked in a separate
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1982:
1971:
1951:
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houses, convenience stores were common in neighborhood serving pre-set
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618:
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99:
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is the most important fish in Hawaiian cuisine. Varieties include the
2001:
1346:, shrimp, crab, seaweeds and taro leaves were required for the feast.
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7680:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
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5628:
5479:
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2653:. Tuna is eaten as sashimi in Hawaii as well, but is also grilled or
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2062:
1772:
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feast that was celebrated for the birth of a child. Besides the pig,
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2777:, chili peppers, and soy sauce have become common additions to it.
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2673:
2506:, a slice of fried Spam upon a bed of rice wrapped with a strip of
2405:
2224:
2034:
1939:
1903:
Newspaper editorials of the time also questioned why locally-grown
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1812:
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1535:
1449:
1401:
1397:
1343:
1324:
1306:
1110:
4508:
4060:"Helena's Hawaiian Food | Serving great Hawaiian food since 1946!"
4008:
2799:
Showing the island's Asian influence, common Asian spices include
2477:
1960:(Japanese "deli"). Some were even mobile, affectionately known as
1406:
981:
incorporates five distinct styles of food, reflecting the diverse
92:
8355:
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2534:
2525:
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2416:
2322:
2274:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1924:
1784:
1755:
began in 1900, contributing spicy, Spanish-seasoned thick soups,
1739:
1722:
1657:
1622:
1603:
1568:
1415:
1257:
1133:" style unique to Hawaii, resulting in plantation foods like the
721:
701:
494:
166:
136:
67:
2176:
is based in Hawaii and still has a pineapple operation on Oahu.
2170:
continues to operate and has diversified into other businesses.
2083:. These chefs also sponsored a cookbook to be sold for charity.
1802:
ended in 1975, immigrants from Southeast Asia arrived, bringing
1094:
The introduction of new ethnic foods, such as Chinese Cantonese
5119:
3946:"A Eulogy For Kalihi's Manapua Man: Thank You For Your Service"
3365:
period of contact but not necessarily for a Tahitian invasion.
3181:
3030:
2848:
2805:
2665:
2467:
2439:. Originally brought to Hawaii by American servicemen in their
2428:
2394:
2377:
2345:
2013:
1943:
1935:
1704:
1678:
1617:
1498:
1429:
1314:
1272:
were easy to catch and nests were full of eggs for the taking.
1249:
711:
696:
124:
112:
76:
4588:
HRHAS, (Honolulu Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society) (1850),
4408:, Waipahu, Hawaiʻi: Island Heritage Publishing, archived from
2766:, and sea salt were traditionally used for the Hawaiian poke.
1620:
and built barbecue pits to cook marinated meats. Korean-style
8365:
7787:
5679:
4819:
Miller, Cary D.; Bazore, Katherine; Robbins, Ruth C. (2002),
4594:, vol. 1, Honolulu, HI: Henry M. Whitney, pp. 45–46
4336:
3044:
2951:
2912:
2867:
2721:
2685:
2560:
1947:
1904:
1882:
1716:
1640:
1628:
1544:
1419:
1319:
1298:
1122:
691:
681:
656:
623:
8421:
4877:
4838:
Miller, Sally M.; Latham, A.J.H; Flynn, Dennis Owen (1998),
3276:
2905:—hamburger steak over rice, topped with brown gravy and eggs
2836:
2599:
2033:
The cuisine style was developed by a group of twelve chefs:
1915:
Since the 1970s, pineapples have been grown more cheaply in
932:
8399:
8370:
8043:
5939:
4571:
We Are What We Eat: Ethnic Food and the Making of Americans
3195:
3124:
2890:
2615:
2508:
2436:
2349:, a Hawaiian coconut cream pudding, uses it as a thickener.
2284:
2270:
2258:
1878:
1727:
1480:
1217:
1017:
686:
661:
4708:
The Food of Paradise: Exploring Hawaii's Culinary Heritage
2369:. The leaves are used as a wrapper for food cooked in the
1654:
topping also became an integral part of Hawaiian cuisine.
8392:
3962:
Hawaii Regional Cuisine 2009 Lonely Planet Kauai page 247
3807:
Poet Paul Lee's commentary for this article, May 14, 2008
3165:
2371:
1392:
1626:
or boneless meat with moderately sweet garlic sauce and
1355:, was not used until 1856, replacing the Hawaiian words
4591:
Transactions of the Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society
3927:"The Search for the Mysterious and Beloved Manapua Man"
2736:) is usually cut into steaks and fried or grilled. The
1531:, a Spanish botanist and advisor to King Kamehameha I.
53:
Some modern Hawaiian dishes. From top left, clockwise:
4684:
Kulick, Don; Meneley, Anne (2005), "Spam in History",
2551:("beef rope"), a salted and dried beef that resembles
1845:
was one of the first hotels built along the shores of
4109:
3972:
Oahu Restaurants and Dining with Honolulu and Waikiki
3890:
3888:
3253:
2361:)—after distillation came to Hawaii, the root of the
1885:
for a large-scale pineapple production. By 1950, his
1775:
reached Hawaii in 1909, bringing peas and beans, the
2911:—cubed salt-cured salmon combined with tomatoes and
4818:
4782:MacCaughey, Vaughan (1918), Shreve, Forrest (ed.),
3745:
3715:
3172:
juices and served with a decorative piece of fruit.
2269:. There are hundreds of varieties of taro, and the
1456:with hot rocks inserted in the abdominal cavities.
1387:, or spitted over a fire during ceremonial feasts.
5011:
4840:Studies in the Economic History of the Pacific Rim
4444:
4323:
3885:
2962:-rice balls often topped with cured meats such as
1216:, mainly for food. The most important of them was
4837:
4180:
1827:
8501:
5160:
4765:Rough Riders: Hawaii's Paniolo and Their Stories
4533:Sam Choy & the Makaha Sons' A Hawaiian Lū'au
2944:2-3x larger, but other popular fillings include
1707:brought in salted fish, which ultimately became
1367:came from the name of a food always served at a
5209:List of regional beverages of the United States
4857:Nenes, Michael F. (2007), "Cuisine of Hawaii",
4319:
4317:
4222:
4220:
4218:
3756:
3754:
3622:
3620:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3403:"About Hawaiian Foods and Ancient Food Customs"
2611:, soy sauce, sesame oil, sea salt, chili pepper
2208:, Helena's Hawaiian Food, Common Ground Kauai,
2037:, Philippe Padovani, Roger Dikon, Gary Strehl,
1881:in 1901. In 1922, Dole purchased the island of
1444:was salted and dried before being put into the
3985:https://books.google.com/books?isbn=193175232X
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3564:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
2235:
1974:culture became the trend in the 21st century.
1467:continues to this day, for special occasions.
1309:was a common condiment in ancient Hawaii, and
1012:brought plants and animals to the Islands. As
5955:
5726:
5146:
4683:
4232:
4168:
3989:
3726:
3724:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3244:List of American regional and fusion cuisines
1993:, was grossing US$ 20 million annually.
1410:. A pit is dug into the earth and lined with
1334:At important occasions, a traditional feast,
1256:. These settlers from Polynesia also brought
1244:, the first settlers from Polynesia, brought
958:
289:
5204:List of regional dishes of the United States
5056:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4784:"The Native Bananas of the Hawaiian Islands"
4314:
4259:
4215:
3974:by Robert Carpenter, Cindy Carpenter page 35
3815:
3813:
3751:
3617:
3543:
3509:
3507:
3429:
3427:
3425:
1489:. Taro plants can be seen growing behind him
1383:pigs and dogs, would be typically cooked in
4950:
4193:
4191:
4189:
3789:
3766:
3588:
3582:
3485:
3439:
2125:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5962:
5948:
5733:
5719:
5153:
5139:
5012:Schindler, Roana; Schindler, Gene (1981),
4781:
4468:The Pineapple: Botany, Production and Uses
4302:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4127:
3721:
3680:
3632:
2922:–taro leaves stewed in coconut milk/cream.
2791:to have with beer or to bring to a party.
1996:
1689:, their traditional beehive oven, to make
1192:, was brought to Hawaii by the Polynesians
965:
951:
296:
282:
47:
4962:, Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press,
4875:
4599:
4447:A Concise History of the Hawaiian Islands
4378:
4174:
3894:
3810:
3783:
3656:
3605:
3531:
3504:
3422:
3184:distilled from the fermented root of the
2930:—chewy deep fried donut coated with sugar
2145:Learn how and when to remove this message
1505:brought the first cattle to the islands;
5065:
4930:(2), University of Pittsburgh: 107–117,
4896:
4568:
4527:
4465:
4366:
4354:
4250:
4209:
4186:
3795:
3739:
3709:
3703:
3626:
3570:
2948:, Okinawan sweet potatoes, chicken curry
2835:
2598:
2587:
2475:, mashed with tofu, or served with cold
2404:
2239:
2000:
1837:
1656:
1638:or mixed rice with seasoned vegetables,
1474:
1292:
1181:
5030:
4976:
4921:
4882:, Honolulu, Hawaii: Mutual Publishing,
4618:
4513:, Honolulu, Hawaii: Mutual Publishing,
4484:
4308:
4271:
4244:
4139:
4133:
3983:Hawaii Restaurant Guide 2005 - Page 33
3867:
3855:
3825:
3697:
3668:
3638:
3611:
3599:
3537:
3513:
3168:. The rum is blended with a variety of
2787:During the early 1970s, poke became an
1509:from California were presented to King
14:
8502:
5086:
4989:
4762:
4704:
4442:
4372:
4360:
4238:
4162:
3995:
3831:
3819:
3691:
3674:
3519:
3433:
3343:(1996) on four distinct types of food
3147:
2954:—various glutinous rice desserts/candy
1877:, planted pineapples on the island of
1470:
1016:settled the area, they fished, raised
8149:Historical North Indian and Pakistani
5943:
5714:
5581:American regional and fusion cuisines
5134:
4899:"Poke: Hawai'i's "Numbah One" Choice"
4856:
4804:, Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum Press,
4687:Fat: the Anthropology of an Obsession
4661:
4628:, Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum Press,
4587:
4549:
4424:
4401:
4384:
4265:
4226:
4197:
4156:
4013:Ono Hawaiian BBQ: Aloha in Every Bite
3924:
3879:
3843:
3760:
3730:
3662:
3650:
3525:
3498:
3460:
2216:and Waiʻoli Tea Room & Bakery at
2086:
1165:
985:of settlement and immigration in the
8454:
5740:
5530:New Mexican (Neomexicano and Pueblo)
4799:
4741:
4642:
4510:Sam Choy's Poke: Hawaiʻi's Soul Food
4503:
4425:Adams, Wanda A. (28 November 2007),
4277:
3944:Aki, Jacob Bryan (31 October 2019).
3558:
3194:is produced mostly on the island of
2688:may be grilled, broiled, or used in
2123:adding citations to reliable sources
2090:
1606:dishes in the islands, and replaced
1527:was first cultivated in Honolulu by
8474:
5596:Foods of the Southern United States
4823:, University Press of the Pacific,
3943:
2577:
1738:, leading to the popularization of
24:
4897:Piianaia, Nancy (September 2007),
4669:, University of California Press,
3371:
3358:
3333:
1753:Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii
1538:in 1815 and planting the now rare
1390:Hawaiian earth ovens, known as an
1060:which eventually transformed into
25:
8526:
5112:
4979:A Hundred Years of Island Cooking
3746:Miller, Bazore & Robbins 2002
3716:Miller, Bazore & Robbins 2002
2773:with Western and Asian cultures,
2728:) is grilled or sautéed, and the
2178:Maui Land & Pineapple Company
1989:. By the 1980s, Taira's company,
1907:were rotting on the ground while
1349:The modern name for such feasts,
1129:This blend of cuisines formed a "
32:Hawaiian cuisine (disambiguation)
8483:
8473:
8463:
8453:
8444:
8443:
8432:
8420:
5696:
5695:
5176:Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies
5118:
5037:, University Press of Virginia,
4990:Salama, Toni (2 December 2007),
4748:, University Press of Kentucky,
4470:, CABI Publishing, p. 253,
3311:
3299:
3287:
3275:
3263:
3106:
3092:
3071:
2095:
931:
917:
323:
263:
165:
8484:
4977:Rea, Pat; Ting, Regina (1991),
4600:Henderson, Janice Wald (1994),
4394:
4329:
4283:
4203:
4181:Miller, Latham & Flynn 1998
4102:
4077:
4052:
4026:
4001:
3977:
3965:
3956:
3937:
3925:Allen, Kevin (2 October 2018).
3918:
3900:
3873:
3861:
3849:
3837:
3801:
3644:
3576:
3400:
2881:—Chinese-style preserved fruits
2875:, popularly cooked with cabbage
2218:Salvation Army Waiʻoli Tea Room
1898:Territorial Governor of Hawai'i
1590:The Chinese immigrants brought
1554:
1331:, often accompanied the meals.
1283:as cargo. Pigs were raised for
8139:Historical Indian subcontinent
5763:Federated States of Micronesia
5096:, W. W. Norton & Company,
4767:, Island Heritage Publishing,
4625:The Works of the People of Old
4324:Schindler & Schindler 1981
3466:
3413:
3394:
3372:
3359:
3334:
3208:is represented by the largest
2700:) are most often steamed. The
2431:company's canned meat product
2365:was turned into liquor called
2230:
1923:, tomatoes, chili peppers and
1889:was the largest in the world.
1828:Territorial period – statehood
13:
1:
4427:"Cheers to cooking with beer"
3908:"All About Okazuya In Hawaii"
3387:
2502:, or baked with guava jelly.
1834:List of restaurants in Hawaii
1004:In the pre-contact period of
989:, primarily originating from
740:Barbecue in the United States
5969:
5162:Cuisine of the United States
5031:Schwabe, Calvin, W. (1979),
4643:Kane, Herb Kawainui (1998),
4573:, Harvard University Press,
2607:with tomatoes, green onion,
1795:from fruit instead of taro.
1614:Korean immigration to Hawaii
1529:Don Francisco de Paula Marin
1223:For centuries taro, and the
7:
8323:List of historical cuisines
8159:History of alcoholic drinks
6176:Lowcountry (South Carolina)
4713:University of Hawaiʻi Press
4604:, New York: Villard Books,
4569:Gabaccia, Donna R. (2000),
4290:Top 10 Hawaiian food to try
4064:www.helenashawaiianfood.com
3237:
3231:List of breweries in Hawaii
2389:Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
2236:Vegetables, fruits and nuts
2196:Local eateries include the
1371:young taro tops baked with
1229:made from it, was the main
27:Food and drinks from Hawaii
10:
8531:
7610:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
5702:Category: American cuisine
5355:Kansas City-style barbecue
4485:Brennan, Jennifer (2000),
3482:, University of Canterbury
2829:
2581:
2524:. The Hawaiian cowboys of
2454:and roasted, skewered and
1887:Hawaiian Pineapple Company
1831:
1559:As the plantations of the
1175:
1169:
1160:
802:Pizza in the United States
29:
8515:American cuisine by state
8415:
8343:
8310:
8247:
8079:
7992:
7673:
6126:
5977:
5854:
5831:
5748:
5693:
5637:
5611:
5553:
5472:
5452:
5405:
5340:
5270:
5217:
5196:
5189:
5168:
4983:Hawaiian Electric Company
4859:American Regional Cuisine
4550:Corum, Ann Kondo (2000),
4169:Kulick & Meneley 2005
3419:Laudan 1996, pp. 173-175,
3118:
2825:
2794:
2160:L&L Hawaiian Barbecue
2081:The New Cuisine of Hawaii
1970:-like treats long before
1497:arrived at the island of
1327:and sometimes mixed with
1200:seafarers arrived on the
1056:while whalers introduced
825:Filipino-American cuisine
130:
118:
108:
46:
8229:Scottish royal household
8174:History of vegetarianism
6412:Central African Republic
5914:Northern Mariana Islands
5591:American breakfast foods
5066:Shintani, Terry (1999),
4876:Philpotts, Kaui (2004),
4402:Adams, Wanda A. (2006),
3324:
2744:) is used for broiling,
2584:List of Hawaiian seafood
2212:, Nisshodo Candy Store,
2164:Mauna Loa macadamia nuts
1977:Japanese-American baker
1853:The first restaurant in
1677:came to Hawaii from the
1317:made of roasted, mashed
924:United States portal
5879:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4992:"A little Hilo history"
4705:Laudan, Rachel (1996),
4552:Ethnic Foods of Hawaiʻi
4435:The Honolulu Advertiser
3735:The Honolulu Advertiser
3583:Pukui & Elbert 1986
3010:
2832:List of Hawaiian dishes
2780:Poke is different from
2515:
2415:, a fusion of Japanese
2400:
2277:variety makes the best
2168:Alexander & Baldwin
2047:George Mavrothalassitis
1997:Hawaii regional cuisine
1418:. A fire is built with
1172:Native Hawaiian cuisine
1151:Hawaii regional cuisine
8154:History of agriculture
5576:American desserts
5016:, Dover Publications,
4879:Great Chefs of Hawaiʻi
4763:Loomis, Ilima (2006),
4742:Long, Lucy M. (2003),
4337:"Maui Brewing Company"
4110:"Nisshodo Candy Store"
3025:Portuguese sweet bread
2855:
2822:from the Philippines.
2748:, or making sashimi.
2612:
2596:
2424:
2337:Tacca leontopetaloides
2254:
2023:
1991:King's Hawaiian Bakery
1850:
1695:Portuguese sweet bread
1670:
1490:
1479:Hawaiian man pounding
1432:tube to create steam.
1303:
1193:
1141:, and dishes like the
1106:Portuguese sweet bread
1050:Christian missionaries
887:Holidays and festivals
652:List of American foods
8124:Early modern European
7852:Indigenous Australian
7411:São Tomé and Príncipe
6298:Bosnian-Herzegovinian
5601:Soul foods and dishes
5034:Unmentionable Cuisine
4663:Kirch, Patrick Vinton
4535:, Mutual Publishing,
4531:; Cook, Lynn (2003),
4443:Barnes, Phil (1999),
4089:commongroundkauai.com
2839:
2602:
2591:
2498:, in sandwiches with
2408:
2243:
2166:. Sugarcane producer
2004:
1841:
1714:The Japanese brought
1675:Portuguese immigrants
1660:
1478:
1448:. Chickens, pigs and
1296:
1252:later introduced the
1185:
646:Ingredients and foods
8287:Molecular gastronomy
8219:Pre-contact Hawaiian
8129:Historical Argentine
8015:Mangalorean Catholic
6196:Pacific Northwestern
5685:American tea culture
5439:Pacific Northwestern
5127:at Wikimedia Commons
4802:Hawaiian Antiquities
4800:Malo, David (2005),
4451:, Petroglyph Press,
4341:Maui Brewing Company
4210:Choy & Cook 2003
3704:Paul & Chen 2003
3627:Choy & Cook 2003
3571:Choy & Cook 2003
3214:Kona Brewing Company
2984:Cellana sandwicensis
2375:earth oven, such as
2333:Polynesian arrowroot
2187:Kona Brewing Company
2119:improve this section
2041:, Amy Ferguson Ota,
1863:Royal Hawaiian Hotel
1843:Royal Hawaiian Hotel
1594:, cooking the first
30:For other uses, see
8144:Historical Japanese
7979:Transylvanian Saxon
7847:Indigenous American
5586:American sandwiches
5181:Thanksgiving dinner
4960:Hawaiian Dictionary
4412:on 23 February 2020
4311:, pp. 230–231.
4241:, pp. 265–276.
4136:, pp. 252–267.
3950:Honolulu Civil Beat
3914:. 3 September 2020.
3868:Rea & Ting 1991
3856:Rea & Ting 1991
3641:, pp. 271–273.
3516:, pp. 135–138.
3180:is an old Hawaiian
3148:Alcoholic beverages
3139:. In modern times,
2678:broadbill swordfish
2666:Pacific blue marlin
2488:It is also used in
2483:macaroni and cheese
2358:Cordyline fruticosa
2310:Aleurites moluccana
2263:Colocasia esculenta
2247:, the fruit of the
2043:Jean-Marie Josselin
1471:Post-contact period
1440:, as well as fish.
1404:in a method called
1285:religious sacrifice
1189:Colocasia esculenta
1120:, and the Japanese
1054:New England cuisine
1010:Polynesian voyagers
814:Ethnic and cultural
614:Culinary Revolution
311:Part of a series on
43:
8224:Korean royal court
8169:History of seafood
8134:Historical Chinese
8109:Antebellum America
7949:Pennsylvania Dutch
6561:Equatorial Guinean
6531:Dominican Republic
5535:Pennsylvania Dutch
5485:American Cambodian
5420:California cuisine
4952:Pukui, Mary Kawena
4647:, Kawainui Press,
4620:Kamakau, Samuel M.
4554:, The Bess Press,
4295:2022-10-31 at the
3912:Onolicious Hawaiʻi
3478:2011-07-24 at the
3198:and the island of
3153:Hawaiian tropical
2856:
2613:
2597:
2595:bowl, Maui, Hawaii
2532:came to be called
2425:
2295:Artocarpus altilis
2255:
2250:Pandanus tectorius
2087:Contemporary times
2024:
1851:
1822:Vietnamese cuisine
1671:
1662:Hawaiian shave ice
1644:, sweet and spicy
1491:
1452:were put into the
1340:‘Aha‘aina Mawaewae
1304:
1194:
1166:Pre-contact period
865:Pennsylvania Dutch
604:Antebellum America
39:
8497:
8496:
8239:Thirteen Colonies
8099:Ancient Israelite
7299:Papua New Guinean
6097:Intercontinental
5937:
5936:
5929:Wallis and Futuna
5861:other territories
5833:Associated states
5708:
5707:
5505:Filipino-American
5468:
5467:
5325:Barbecue in Texas
5125:Cuisine of Hawaii
5123:Media related to
5093:Hawaii: A History
5014:Hawaiian Cookbook
4997:The Seattle Times
4956:Elbert, Samuel H.
4868:978-0-471-68294-3
4729:on 22 August 2016
4159:, pp. 58–59.
4040:on 26 August 2014
3694:, pp. 27–28.
3665:, pp. 45–46.
3573:, pp. 12–13.
3528:, pp. 90–92.
3129:Piper methysticum
3021:—pureed taro corm
2861:Chicken long rice
2801:five-spice powder
2559:would usually be
2174:Dole Food Company
2155:
2154:
2147:
1592:Cantonese cuisine
1518:natural predators
1493:In 1778, Captain
1268:in the new land.
979:cuisine of Hawaii
975:
974:
599:Thirteen Colonies
526:Pacific Northwest
516:California fusion
334:Regional cuisines
306:
305:
270:Hawaii portal
158:Culture of Hawaii
142:
141:
109:Country or region
97:(kālua pig), and
41:Cuisine of Hawaii
16:(Redirected from
8522:
8510:Hawaiian cuisine
8487:
8486:
8477:
8476:
8467:
8457:
8456:
8447:
8446:
8439:Drink portal
8437:
8436:
8435:
8425:
8424:
8405:Meal preparation
8318:List of cuisines
8164:History of bread
8089:Ancient Egyptian
8066:Ritual slaughter
7924:Louisiana Creole
7862:Italian American
7681:African American
6670:Greek Macedonian
5964:
5957:
5950:
5941:
5940:
5919:Pitcairn Islands
5889:French Polynesia
5874:Christmas Island
5798:Papua New Guinea
5778:Marshall Islands
5750:Sovereign states
5742:Oceanian cuisine
5735:
5728:
5721:
5712:
5711:
5699:
5698:
5571:American cheeses
5520:Mexican-American
5515:Italian-American
5490:American Chinese
5480:African American
5380:Cincinnati chili
5194:
5193:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5132:
5131:
5122:
5106:
5082:
5061:
5055:
5047:
5026:
5007:
5006:
5004:
4985:
4972:
4946:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4905:, archived from
4892:
4871:
4852:
4833:
4814:
4795:
4777:
4758:
4745:Culinary Tourism
4737:
4736:
4734:
4725:, archived from
4700:
4679:
4657:
4638:
4614:
4595:
4583:
4564:
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4095:
4081:
4075:
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4072:
4070:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4036:. Archived from
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
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3823:
3817:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3764:
3758:
3749:
3748:, pp. 25–26
3743:
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3304:
3303:
3292:
3291:
3280:
3279:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3110:
3096:
3075:
3042:served in a hot
2968:Göteborg sausage
2816:from Japan, and
2758:and rubbing it (
2712:, or baked. The
2578:Fish and seafood
2223:Roy Yamaguchi's
2206:Kanemitsu Bakery
2185:. Beer producer
2150:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2130:
2099:
2091:
1894:George R. Carter
1503:George Vancouver
1270:Flightless birds
1202:Hawaiian Islands
1145:. Shortly after
1039:American cuisine
1014:Native Hawaiians
987:Hawaiian Islands
967:
960:
953:
940:
936:
935:
926:
922:
921:
920:
855:Mexican-American
840:Italian-American
820:American Chinese
566:Military rations
470:Louisiana Creole
327:
317:American cuisine
308:
307:
298:
291:
284:
268:
267:
266:
169:
160:
144:
143:
51:
44:
42:
38:
21:
8530:
8529:
8525:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8520:
8519:
8500:
8499:
8498:
8493:
8433:
8431:
8427:Food portal
8419:
8411:
8339:
8306:
8243:
8075:
7988:
7696:Arab-Indonesian
7669:
7650:Western Saharan
7122:Liechtensteiner
6687:Guinea-Bissauan
6323:Channel Islands
6211:Southwestern US
6131:
6122:
5973:
5968:
5938:
5933:
5859:
5850:
5827:
5808:Solomon Islands
5744:
5739:
5709:
5704:
5689:
5633:
5607:
5566:American breads
5549:
5525:Native American
5495:American Jewish
5464:
5448:
5401:
5336:
5266:
5213:
5185:
5164:
5159:
5115:
5110:
5104:
5088:Tabrah, Ruth M.
5080:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5024:
5002:
5000:
4970:
4936:10.2307/3773663
4912:
4910:
4909:on 3 March 2016
4890:
4869:
4850:
4831:
4812:
4788:The Plant World
4775:
4756:
4732:
4730:
4723:
4698:
4677:
4655:
4636:
4612:
4581:
4562:
4543:
4521:
4497:
4478:
4459:
4415:
4413:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4383:
4379:
4375:, pp. 7–8.
4371:
4367:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4322:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4297:Wayback Machine
4288:
4284:
4280:, pp. 116.
4276:
4272:
4264:
4260:
4249:
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4237:
4233:
4225:
4216:
4208:
4204:
4196:
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4027:
4017:
4015:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3994:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3970:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3942:
3938:
3931:Hawaii Magazine
3923:
3919:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3886:
3878:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3854:
3850:
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3830:
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3802:
3794:
3790:
3782:
3767:
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3690:
3681:
3673:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3618:
3614:, pp. 3–5.
3610:
3606:
3598:
3589:
3585:, pp. 214.
3581:
3577:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3544:
3536:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3486:
3480:Wayback Machine
3471:
3467:
3459:
3440:
3432:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3339:Food historian
3327:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3254:
3249:Oceanic cuisine
3240:
3150:
3121:
3114:
3111:
3102:
3097:
3088:
3076:
3067:
3048:garnished with
2990:Cellana exarata
2966:, hot dogs, or
2834:
2828:
2797:
2657:, or made into
2603:Tako (octopus)
2586:
2580:
2522:cattle ranching
2518:
2465:It is added to
2403:
2238:
2233:
2202:Foodland Hawaii
2151:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2116:
2100:
2089:
1999:
1868:cabinet pudding
1836:
1830:
1557:
1473:
1375:and chicken or
1277:Pacific islands
1180:
1174:
1168:
1163:
1114:, Puerto Rican
1062:lomilomi salmon
1008:(300 AD–1778),
971:
938:Food portal
930:
929:
918:
916:
915:
908:
907:
888:
880:
879:
860:Native American
815:
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806:
735:
727:
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647:
639:
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586:
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335:
302:
264:
262:
255:
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250:National anthem
235:
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104:
40:
35:
28:
23:
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15:
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8337:
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8328:Lists of foods
8325:
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7807:
7805:Greek-American
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7436:Sierra Leonean
7433:
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7408:
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6618:French Guianan
6615:
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6356:
6355:
6350:
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6338:Northern Irish
6335:
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6116:Middle Eastern
6113:
6108:
6106:Latin American
6103:
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5909:Norfolk Island
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
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5869:American Samoa
5865:
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5737:
5730:
5723:
5715:
5706:
5705:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5670:Shirley Temple
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5624:Christmas food
5621:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5561:American foods
5557:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5510:Greek-American
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5447:
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5441:
5436:
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5424:
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5411:
5409:
5403:
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5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5317:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5258:
5257:
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5232:
5221:
5219:
5215:
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5212:
5211:
5206:
5200:
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5191:
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5183:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5114:
5113:External links
5111:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5084:
5078:
5063:
5043:
5028:
5022:
5009:
4987:
4974:
4968:
4948:
4919:
4903:Waimea Gazette
4894:
4888:
4873:
4867:
4854:
4848:
4835:
4829:
4816:
4810:
4797:
4779:
4773:
4760:
4754:
4739:
4721:
4702:
4696:
4681:
4675:
4659:
4653:
4645:Ancient Hawaii
4640:
4634:
4616:
4610:
4597:
4585:
4579:
4566:
4560:
4547:
4541:
4525:
4519:
4501:
4495:
4482:
4476:
4463:
4457:
4440:
4422:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4377:
4365:
4353:
4328:
4313:
4301:
4282:
4270:
4268:, p. 485.
4258:
4255:Waimea Gazette
4243:
4231:
4229:, p. 480.
4214:
4202:
4185:
4173:
4171:, p. 187.
4161:
4138:
4126:
4101:
4076:
4051:
4025:
4000:
3988:
3976:
3964:
3955:
3936:
3917:
3899:
3895:Henderson 1994
3884:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3846:, p. 194,
3836:
3824:
3822:, p. 134.
3809:
3800:
3788:
3784:Henderson 1994
3765:
3763:, p. 477.
3750:
3738:
3720:
3708:
3706:, p. 253.
3696:
3679:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3616:
3604:
3602:, p. 171.
3587:
3575:
3563:
3542:
3540:, p. 139.
3530:
3518:
3503:
3501:, p. 479.
3484:
3465:
3463:, p. 478.
3438:
3436:, p. 216.
3421:
3412:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3328:
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3321:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3221:Historically,
3218:
3217:
3212:in the state,
3203:
3189:
3173:
3170:tropical fruit
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3089:
3077:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3038:of soft wheat
3027:
3022:
3014:
3000:
2993:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2906:
2900:
2882:
2876:
2864:
2857:
2853:macaroni salad
2830:Main article:
2827:
2824:
2796:
2793:
2708:) is steamed,
2628:yellowfin tuna
2579:
2576:
2517:
2514:
2462:with cabbage.
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2382:
2350:
2330:
2327:Cocos nucifera
2320:
2303:
2301:Sweet potatoes
2298:
2288:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2191:Volcano Winery
2183:Pierre Omidyar
2153:
2152:
2103:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2055:Peter Merriman
2051:Beverly Gannon
1998:
1995:
1987:South Carolina
1966:selling small
1917:Southeast Asia
1829:
1826:
1767:meat turnovers
1600:sweet and sour
1556:
1553:
1472:
1469:
1412:volcanic rocks
1235:sweet potatoes
1178:Ancient Hawaii
1170:Main article:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:fusion cuisine
1137:, snacks like
1006:Ancient Hawaii
995:North American
973:
972:
970:
969:
962:
955:
947:
944:
943:
942:
941:
927:
910:
909:
906:
905:
900:
895:
893:Fourth of July
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
830:Greek-American
827:
822:
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813:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
765:South Carolina
762:
760:North Carolina
757:
752:
747:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
707:Sunflower seed
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
677:Collard greens
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
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611:
606:
601:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
581:Tailgate party
578:
573:
568:
563:
557:
556:
554:
550:
549:
543:
542:
540:
534:
533:
531:Rocky Mountain
528:
523:
518:
513:
507:
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498:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
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257:
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236:
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230:
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206:
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199:
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192:
191:
185:
184:
178:
177:
171:
170:
162:
161:
153:
152:
140:
139:
134:
132:National drink
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
103:in the center.
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8527:
8516:
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8511:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8490:
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8386:
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8364:
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8361:Culinary arts
8359:
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8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8104:Ancient Roman
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8094:Ancient Greek
8092:
8090:
8087:
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8082:
8078:
8072:
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8035:
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8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8010:Goan Catholic
8008:
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7997:
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7991:
7985:
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7808:
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7798:
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7795:Crimean Tatar
7793:
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7509:
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7497:
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7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7461:South African
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7416:Saudi Arabian
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7335:
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7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
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7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
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7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
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7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7132:Luxembourgish
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
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7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
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7068:
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7063:
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7061:
7058:
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7053:
7051:
7048:
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7043:
7039:
7036:
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7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
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6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6865:
6862:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6852:Uttar Pradesh
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
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6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6787:Maharashtrian
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6747:Chhattisgarhi
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6719:
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6710:
6708:
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6703:
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6698:
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6666:
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6651:
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6641:
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6611:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
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6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6541:East Timorese
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
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6492:
6490:
6487:
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6468:
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6406:
6403:
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6398:
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6388:
6386:
6383:
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6378:
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6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
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6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
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6311:
6309:
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6301:
6299:
6296:
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6286:
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6279:
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6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
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6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
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6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6181:Midwestern US
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6129:
6125:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6111:Mediterranean
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5965:
5960:
5958:
5953:
5951:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5904:New Caledonia
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5884:Easter Island
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5857:
5853:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5736:
5731:
5729:
5724:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5703:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:Miscellaneous
5610:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:List articles
5552:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:Pennsylvania
5243:
5239:
5238:New York City
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5142:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5126:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5105:
5103:0-393-30220-2
5099:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5079:0-671-02666-6
5075:
5071:
5070:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5046:
5044:0-8139-1162-1
5040:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5025:
5023:0-486-24185-8
5019:
5015:
5010:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4971:
4969:0-8248-0703-0
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4889:1-56647-595-3
4885:
4881:
4880:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4849:0-415-14819-7
4845:
4842:, Routledge,
4841:
4836:
4832:
4830:1-4102-0347-6
4826:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4811:0-910240-15-9
4807:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4774:1-59700-017-5
4770:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4755:0-8131-2292-9
4751:
4747:
4746:
4740:
4728:
4724:
4722:0-8248-1778-8
4718:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4703:
4699:
4697:1-58542-386-6
4693:
4689:
4688:
4682:
4678:
4676:0-520-23461-8
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4654:0-943357-03-9
4650:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4635:0-910240-18-3
4631:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4611:0-679-42529-2
4607:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4586:
4582:
4580:0-674-00190-7
4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4561:1-57306-117-4
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4542:1-56647-573-2
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4520:1-56647-253-9
4516:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4496:962-593-819-2
4492:
4488:
4483:
4479:
4477:0-85199-503-9
4473:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4458:0-912180-56-0
4454:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4437:, pp. 3E
4436:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4387:, p. 80.
4386:
4381:
4374:
4369:
4362:
4357:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4326:, p. 14.
4325:
4320:
4318:
4310:
4305:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4286:
4279:
4274:
4267:
4262:
4256:
4252:
4251:Piianaia 2007
4247:
4240:
4235:
4228:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4212:, p. 63.
4211:
4206:
4200:, p. 98.
4199:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4183:, p. 83.
4182:
4177:
4170:
4165:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4135:
4130:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4014:
4010:
4004:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3973:
3968:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3897:, p. xvi
3896:
3891:
3889:
3881:
3876:
3870:, p. 48.
3869:
3864:
3858:, p. 30.
3857:
3852:
3845:
3840:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3804:
3798:, p. 66.
3797:
3796:Gabaccia 2000
3792:
3786:, p. 18.
3785:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3718:, p. 30.
3717:
3712:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3629:, p. 16.
3628:
3623:
3621:
3613:
3608:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3584:
3579:
3572:
3567:
3561:, p. 53.
3560:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3393:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:Rachel Laudan
3337:
3336:
3332:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3206:Hawaiian beer
3204:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3192:Hawaiian wine
3190:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3113:Wonton saimin
3109:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:leaves and a
2892:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:, with fried
2846:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:first contact
2767:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:albacore tuna
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:skipjack tuna
2617:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2285:stewed dishes
2282:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:Anna Miller's
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2149:
2146:
2138:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2104:This section
2102:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:Roy Yamaguchi
2036:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1861:In 1872, the
1859:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1816:, popular in
1815:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:chili peppers
1680:
1676:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1548:
1547:and lettuce.
1546:
1541:
1540:Mission grape
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Saltwater eel
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:baking banana
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:first contact
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
968:
963:
961:
956:
954:
949:
948:
946:
945:
939:
934:
928:
925:
914:
913:
912:
911:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
884:
883:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
811:
810:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
738:
737:
731:
730:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
643:
642:
635:
634:Ice cream van
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
590:
589:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
555:
552:
551:
548:
545:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
444:
441:
437:
434:
433:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
358:
357:New York City
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
341:
338:
337:
331:
330:
326:
322:
321:
318:
315:
314:
310:
309:
299:
294:
292:
287:
285:
280:
279:
277:
276:
271:
261:
260:
259:
258:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
229:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
172:
168:
164:
163:
159:
155:
154:
150:
146:
145:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
120:National dish
117:
114:
111:
107:
102:
101:
96:
94:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
72:
69:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
37:
33:
19:
18:Hawaiian food
8292:Note by Note
8270:New American
7959:Pontic Greek
7840:South Indian
7835:North Indian
7506:Extremaduran
7396:Saint Lucian
7070:South Korean
7065:North Korean
6929:Palembangese
6857:Uttarakhandi
6343:Saint Helena
6333:Gibraltarian
6201:Puerto Rican
6170:
5856:Dependencies
5841:Cook Islands
5675:Italian soda
5443:
5427:Southwestern
5360:North Dakota
5253:Philadelphia
5225:Mid-Atlantic
5092:
5068:
5033:
5013:
5001:, retrieved
4995:
4978:
4959:
4927:
4923:
4911:, retrieved
4907:the original
4902:
4878:
4858:
4839:
4820:
4801:
4791:
4787:
4764:
4744:
4731:, retrieved
4727:the original
4707:
4686:
4666:
4644:
4624:
4601:
4590:
4570:
4551:
4532:
4509:
4489:, Periplus,
4486:
4467:
4446:
4430:
4414:, retrieved
4410:the original
4404:
4395:Bibliography
4380:
4368:
4363:, p. 3.
4356:
4344:. Retrieved
4340:
4331:
4309:Brennan 2000
4304:
4285:
4273:
4261:
4246:
4234:
4205:
4176:
4164:
4134:Brennan 2000
4129:
4117:. Retrieved
4113:
4104:
4092:. Retrieved
4088:
4079:
4067:. Retrieved
4063:
4054:
4042:. Retrieved
4038:the original
4028:
4016:. Retrieved
4012:
4003:
3998:, p. 7.
3991:
3979:
3967:
3958:
3949:
3939:
3930:
3920:
3911:
3902:
3882:, p. 10
3875:
3863:
3851:
3839:
3834:, p. 5.
3827:
3803:
3791:
3741:
3711:
3699:
3677:, p. 8.
3670:
3658:
3653:, p. 3.
3646:
3639:Brennan 2000
3634:
3612:Brennan 2000
3607:
3600:Schwabe 1979
3578:
3566:
3538:Brennan 2000
3533:
3521:
3514:Brennan 2000
3468:
3415:
3406:
3401:Orr, Kathy.
3396:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3185:
3175:
3164:make use of
3132:
3128:
3059:
3053:
3050:green onions
3043:
3029:
3017:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2972:
2958:
2939:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2895:
2884:
2866:
2817:
2811:
2804:
2803:from China,
2798:
2786:
2779:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2733:
2730:dolphin fish
2725:
2717:
2714:pink snapper
2705:
2697:
2681:
2669:
2663:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2614:
2571:
2569:
2556:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2533:
2519:
2507:
2493:
2487:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2451:
2449:
2445:World War II
2426:
2419:using fried
2411:
2388:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2294:
2278:
2262:
2248:
2244:
2222:
2195:
2193:are active.
2172:
2156:
2141:
2132:
2117:Please help
2105:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2032:
2025:
2019:beurre blanc
2017:
2012:
2007:
1979:Robert Taira
1976:
1963:manapua vans
1961:
1955:
1954:items at an
1933:
1929:
1914:
1909:agribusiness
1902:
1891:
1872:
1860:
1852:
1811:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1760:
1751:
1748:
1744:noodle soups
1721:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1685:, and built
1672:
1665:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1612:
1607:
1589:
1585:ethnic group
1558:
1555:Ethnic foods
1549:
1533:
1522:
1515:
1511:Kamehameha I
1492:
1485:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1434:
1423:
1405:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1373:coconut milk
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1274:
1239:
1224:
1222:
1214:canoe plants
1205:
1195:
1187:
1147:World War II
1128:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1097:char siu bao
1095:
1093:
1066:
1028:
1021:
1003:
983:food history
978:
976:
903:Thanksgiving
797:New American
629:Hot dog cart
571:Puerto Rican
560:
538:Southwestern
415:Mid-Atlantic
388:North Dakota
362:Philadelphia
339:Northeastern
245:Coat of arms
195:
98:
91:
85:
75:
66:
62:
58:
36:
8479:WikiProject
8059:Kosher food
7441:Singaporean
7431:Seychellois
7406:Sammarinese
7289:Palestinian
7249:New Zealand
7219:Montenegrin
7189:Mauritanian
7184:Marshallese
6996:Piedmontese
6924:Minangkabau
6894:Gorontalese
6675:Heptanesean
6591:Kapampangan
6514:Greenlandic
6390:Cameroonian
6258:Bangladeshi
6248:Azerbaijani
6206:Southern US
6191:New Mexican
6186:New English
6161:Californian
5978:Continental
5788:New Zealand
5460:Puerto Rico
5453:Territories
5432:New Mexican
5308:New Orleans
5262:New England
5069:Hawaii Diet
5003:13 November
4913:13 November
4711:, Seattle:
4690:, Tarcher,
4416:17 November
4373:Laudan 1996
4361:Laudan 1996
4239:Laudan 1996
3996:Laudan 1996
3832:Laudan 1996
3820:Laudan 1996
3692:Barnes 1999
3675:Loomis 2006
3434:Laudan 1996
3223:craft beers
3162:Blue Hawaii
3100:Spam musubi
3040:egg noodles
3036:noodle soup
3003:Plate lunch
2941:cha siu bao
2909:Lomi salmon
2873:pulled pork
2845:plate lunch
2814:(soy sauce)
2702:red snapper
2634:), and the
2504:Spam musubi
2385:Winged bean
2231:Ingredients
2059:Mark Ellman
1800:Vietnam War
1791:, and made
1746:in Hawaii.
1385:earth ovens
1363:. The name
1207:hāpuʻu ʻiʻi
1139:Spam musubi
1135:plate lunch
1085:Puerto Rico
1081:Philippines
1058:salted fish
1046:plantations
770:Santa Maria
750:Kansas City
547:New Mexican
521:Los Angeles
485:New Orleans
347:New England
90:shortribs,
82:squid lūʻau
8504:Categories
8302:Vegetarian
8081:Historical
7825:Indonesian
7773:Indonesian
7743:Australian
7665:Zimbabwean
7645:Vietnamese
7640:Venezuelan
7528:Sri Lankan
7496:Cantabrian
7471:Andalusian
7421:Senegalese
7401:Salvadoran
7349:Circassian
7319:Portuguese
7304:Paraguayan
7294:Panamanian
7254:Nicaraguan
7229:Mozambican
7209:Monégasque
7162:Sarawakian
7137:Macedonian
7127:Lithuanian
6991:Neapolitan
6864:Indonesian
6822:Rajasthani
6797:Meghalayan
6772:Jharkhandi
6727:Arunachali
6682:Guatemalan
6613:La Réunion
6546:Ecuadorian
6521:Djiboutian
6268:Belarusian
6238:Australian
6166:Floribbean
5415:California
5315:Lowcountry
5294:Louisiana
5285:Floribbean
5280:Appalachia
5230:New Jersey
5169:Historical
4385:Kirch 2001
4266:Nenes 2007
4227:Nenes 2007
4198:Adams 2006
4157:Adams 2006
4114:index.html
3880:Adams 2006
3844:Corum 2000
3761:Nenes 2007
3731:Adams 2007
3663:HRHAS 1850
3651:Corum 2000
3526:Adams 2006
3499:Nenes 2007
3461:Nenes 2007
3407:Hawaii.edu
3388:References
3084:(seaweed)
3011:pā mea ʻai
2946:lup cheong
2879:Crack seed
2690:stir-fries
2609:maui onion
2582:See also:
2553:beef jerky
2500:mayonnaise
2473:fried rice
2460:stir fried
2456:deep fried
2306:Candle nut
2291:Breadfruit
2267:New Guinea
2214:Maui Tacos
1983:California
1972:food truck
1952:a la carte
1875:James Dole
1832:See also:
1808:fish sauce
1804:lemongrass
1798:After the
1757:casseroles
1581:Portuguese
1495:James Cook
1396:, combine
1369:‘aha‘aina,
1323:nutmeats,
1262:candlenuts
1246:breadfruit
1242:Marquesans
1198:Polynesian
1176:See also:
1131:local food
1001:cuisines.
999:East Asian
991:Polynesian
619:Food truck
609:Chuckwagon
511:California
475:Lowcountry
460:Floribbean
429:Pittsburgh
369:Midwestern
352:New Jersey
217:Literature
55:tripe stew
8381:sociology
8260:Fast food
8255:Classique
8119:Byzantine
8020:Mennonite
8005:Christian
7993:Religious
7954:Peranakan
7902:Sephardic
7887:Ethiopian
7877:Ashkenazi
7830:Malaysian
7783:Pakistani
7778:Malaysian
7753:Cambodian
7703:Aromanian
7635:Vanuatuan
7625:Uruguayan
7620:Ukrainian
7573:Zanzibari
7568:Tanzanian
7558:Taiwanese
7521:Valencian
7516:Manchegan
7451:Slovenian
7364:Mordovian
7284:Pakistani
7274:Norwegian
7214:Mongolian
7194:Mauritian
7169:Maldivian
7152:Malaysian
7045:Jordanian
7006:Sardinian
6966:Abruzzese
6934:Sundanese
6919:Minahasan
6842:Telangana
6827:Sikkimese
6777:Karnataka
6712:Icelandic
6707:Hungarian
6576:Ethiopian
6526:Dominican
6479:Congolese
6474:Colombian
6442:Hong Kong
6437:Cantonese
6405:Québécois
6385:Cambodian
6380:Burundian
6370:Burkinabé
6365:Bulgarian
6318:Anguillia
6308:Brazilian
6288:Bhutanese
6263:Barbadian
6228:Argentine
6049:Levantine
6039:Caucasian
6012:Caribbean
5758:Australia
5665:Milkshake
5660:Egg cream
5655:Coca-Cola
5650:Root beer
5645:Sweet tea
5629:Fast food
5397:Wisconsin
5392:St. Louis
5370:Minnesota
5248:Allentown
5234:New York
5218:Northeast
5072:, Atria,
4924:Ethnology
4861:, Wiley,
4529:Choy, Sam
4505:Choy, Sam
4278:Long 2003
4044:23 August
3559:Kane 1998
3160:like the
3158:cocktails
3141:kava bars
2903:Loco moco
2842:loco moco
2789:appetizer
2775:scallions
2764:kukui nut
2718:opakapaka
2674:barbecued
2565:soy sauce
2557:Pipikaula
2548:pipikaula
2481:or baked
2106:does not
2063:Alan Wong
1940:drive ins
1892:In 1905,
1773:Filipinos
1736:simmering
1732:soy sauce
1709:lomi-lomi
1647:gochujang
1577:Filipinos
1525:pineapple
1523:In 1813,
1507:longhorns
1357:‘aha‘aina
1336:‘aha‘aina
1250:Tahitians
1143:loco moco
1111:malasadas
1043:sugarcane
1033:in 1778,
898:Christmas
870:Soul food
787:Fast food
775:St. Louis
672:Chocolate
667:Blueberry
424:Baltimore
408:Wisconsin
403:St. Louis
189:Languages
87:pipikaula
61:), rice (
8469:Cookbook
8449:Category
8351:Cookbook
8333:Prepared
8297:Nouvelle
8275:Eurasian
8204:Medieval
8000:Buddhist
7934:Ossetian
7919:Livonian
7897:Moroccan
7882:Bukharan
7872:American
7810:Hazaragi
7788:Peruvian
7763:Filipino
7758:Canadian
7738:American
7708:Assyrian
7605:Tuvaluan
7590:Tunisian
7585:Togolese
7533:Sudanese
7511:Galician
7491:Canarian
7481:Balearic
7476:Asturian
7329:Romanian
7309:Peruvian
7264:Nigerian
7244:Nepalese
7234:Namibian
7224:Moroccan
7204:Moldovan
7147:Malawian
7142:Malagasy
7112:Liberian
7102:Lebanese
7038:Okinawan
7033:Japanese
7028:Jamaican
7016:Venetian
7011:Sicilian
6986:Lucanian
6976:Ligurian
6914:Makassar
6909:Madurese
6904:Javanese
6874:Balinese
6869:Acehnese
6792:Manipuri
6767:Kashmiri
6762:Haryanvi
6757:Gujarati
6732:Assamese
6702:Honduran
6665:Epirotic
6650:Ghanaian
6640:Georgian
6630:Gabonese
6608:Corsican
6586:Filipino
6571:Estonian
6566:Eritrean
6551:Egyptian
6484:Croatian
6467:Xinjiang
6452:Shandong
6447:Macanese
6395:Canadian
6360:Bruneian
6348:Scottish
6303:Botswana
6293:Bolivian
6283:Beninese
6278:Belizean
6253:Bahraini
6243:Austrian
6233:Armenian
6171:Hawaiian
6156:American
6151:Algerian
6146:Albanian
6133:regional
6128:National
6093:Oceanian
6066:European
6007:Americas
5971:Cuisines
5773:Kiribati
5619:Barbecue
5365:Michigan
5290:Kentucky
5190:Regional
5090:(1984),
5052:citation
4958:(1986),
4665:(2001),
4622:(1992),
4507:(1999),
4346:24 March
4293:Archived
4119:24 March
4094:24 March
4069:24 March
4018:24 March
3476:Archived
3238:See also
3227:growlers
3177:Okolehao
3086:ahi poke
3079:Ahi tuna
3061:char siu
3055:kamaboko
3007:Hawaiian
2997:Pasteles
2977:—edible
2927:Malasada
2756:sea salt
2738:moonfish
2734:mahimahi
2694:groupers
2543:paniolos
2535:paniolos
2367:okolehao
2189:and the
2135:May 2014
2035:Sam Choy
1855:Honolulu
1813:galangal
1762:pasteles
1711:salmon.
1700:malasada
1691:pão doce
1667:kakigōri
1635:bibimbab
1616:brought
1596:stir fry
1573:Japanese
1561:Big Five
1536:vineyard
1516:With no
1483:to make
1402:steaming
1398:roasting
1329:seaweeds
1325:sea salt
1307:Sea salt
1258:coconuts
1248:and the
1117:pasteles
1089:Portugal
1052:brought
1035:European
845:Japanese
576:Roadkill
561:Hawaiian
465:Kentucky
436:Southern
383:Michigan
203:Religion
149:a series
147:Part of
8489:Outline
8459:Commons
8376:history
8356:Cooking
8344:Related
8214:Peasant
8209:Ottoman
8179:Hittite
8054:Kashrut
8037:Chinese
8032:Islamic
7944:Pashtun
7914:Kurdish
7892:Mizrahi
7820:English
7748:British
7733:Chinese
7713:Balochi
7660:Zambian
7615:Ugandan
7600:Turkmen
7595:Turkish
7543:Swedish
7501:Catalan
7466:Spanish
7426:Serbian
7391:Rwandan
7354:Cossack
7344:Chechen
7339:Bashkir
7334:Russian
7239:Nauruan
7199:Mexican
7179:Maltese
7157:Sabahan
7107:Lesotho
7097:Latvian
7082:Kuwaiti
7077:Kosovan
7023:Ivorian
6981:Lombard
6971:Apulian
6961:Italian
6956:Israeli
6941:Iranian
6847:Tripuri
6817:Punjabi
6737:Bengali
6697:Haitian
6692:Guinean
6635:Gambian
6623:Occitan
6598:Finnish
6556:Emirati
6509:Faroese
6494:Cypriot
6462:Tibetan
6457:Sichuan
6432:Beijing
6427:Chinese
6422:Chilean
6417:Chadian
6400:Acadian
6375:Burmese
6328:English
6313:British
6273:Belgian
6223:Angolan
6081:Eastern
6076:Central
6044:Central
5985:African
5924:Tokelau
5823:Vanuatu
5545:Tlingit
5350:Chicago
5342:Midwest
5330:Tex-Mex
5197:General
4944:3773663
4733:12 July
4299:Fodor's
3347:a new,
3256:Portals
3210:brewpub
3137:Vanuatu
2979:limpets
2935:Manapua
2886:Lau lau
2819:bagoong
2782:sashimi
2746:smoking
2710:poached
2682:shutome
2655:sautéed
2651:sashimi
2626:), the
2561:broiled
2545:chewed
2526:Kamuela
2490:chutney
2441:rations
2417:onigiri
2323:Coconut
2318:inamona
2275:wetland
2273:of the
2200:chain.
2198:Zippy's
2127:removed
2112:sources
2005:Seared
1968:dim sum
1957:okazuya
1925:lettuce
1847:Waikīkī
1785:Samoans
1740:tempura
1723:sashimi
1705:Whalers
1652:bulgogi
1623:bulgogi
1604:dim sum
1583:. Each
1569:Koreans
1565:Chinese
1416:granite
1377:octopus
1311:Inamona
1161:History
1102:manapua
875:Tlingit
755:Memphis
745:Alabama
722:Vanilla
702:Pumpkin
593:History
502:Western
495:Tex-Mex
480:Houston
450:Atlanta
378:Chicago
233:Symbols
196:Cuisine
175:History
137:Mai tai
59:ʻōpū kū
8265:Fusion
8248:Styles
8234:Soviet
8199:Mughal
8194:Muisca
7984:Yup'ik
7974:Tejano
7964:Romani
7907:Syrian
7867:Jewish
7815:Indian
7800:Gagauz
7768:Indian
7723:Buryat
7718:Berber
7674:Ethnic
7655:Yemeni
7553:Syrian
7486:Basque
7456:Somali
7446:Slovak
7379:Udmurt
7324:Qatari
7314:Polish
7269:Niuean
7174:Malian
7117:Libyan
7087:Kyrgyz
7060:Korean
7055:Kenyan
7050:Kazakh
6889:Betawi
6879:Banjar
6832:Sindhi
6782:Kerala
6742:Bihari
6722:Andhra
6717:Indian
6660:Cretan
6645:German
6603:French
6581:Fijian
6504:Danish
6141:Afghan
6101:Global
6071:Balkan
5899:Hawaii
5818:Tuvalu
5700:
5638:Drinks
5540:Tejano
5473:Ethnic
5444:Hawaii
5303:Creole
5100:
5076:
5041:
5020:
4966:
4942:
4886:
4865:
4846:
4827:
4808:
4771:
4752:
4719:
4694:
4673:
4651:
4632:
4608:
4577:
4558:
4539:
4517:
4493:
4474:
4455:
4085:"Home"
4009:"Home"
3270:Hawaii
3200:Hawaii
3188:plant.
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