1733:
931:
educational status or income are associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Policies that have resulted in increased socio-economic inequalities have been associated with greater subsequent socio-economic differences in cardiovascular disease implying a cause and effect relationship. Psychosocial factors, environmental exposures, health behaviours, and health-care access and quality contribute to socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease. The
Commission on Social Determinants of Health recommended that more equal distributions of power, wealth, education, housing, environmental factors, nutrition, and health care were needed to address inequalities in cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases.
1489:, and although the role of dietary fat in cardiovascular disease is complex and controversial there is a long-standing consensus that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat in the diet is sound medical advice. Total fat intake has not been found to be associated with cardiovascular risk. A 2020 systematic review found moderate quality evidence that reducing saturated fat intake for at least 2 years caused a reduction in cardiovascular events. A 2015 meta-analysis of observational studies however did not find a convincing association between saturated fat intake and cardiovascular disease. Variation in what is used as a substitute for saturated fat may explain some differences in findings. The benefit from replacement with
418:
1234:
1803:
1306:
from the medication (higher risk). The number and variety of risk scores available for use has multiplied, but their efficacy according to a 2016 review was unclear due to lack of external validation or impact analysis. Risk stratification models often lack sensitivity for population groups and do not account for the large number of negative events among the intermediate and low risk groups. As a result, future preventative screening appears to shift toward applying prevention according to randomized trial results of each intervention rather than large-scale risk assessment.
52:
4833:
4726:
10434:"ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (writing committee to develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society"
720:. While the individual contribution of each risk factor varies between different communities or ethnic groups the overall contribution of these risk factors is very consistent. Some of these risk factors, such as age, sex or family history/genetic predisposition, are immutable; however, many important cardiovascular risk factors are modifiable by lifestyle change, social change, drug treatment (for example prevention of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes). People with obesity are at increased risk of
1543:
differences between drugs in their ability to prevent specific outcomes. Larger reductions in blood pressure produce larger reductions in risk, and most people with high blood pressure require more than one drug to achieve adequate reduction in blood pressure. Adherence to medications is often poor, and while mobile phone text messaging has been tried to improve adherence, there is insufficient evidence that it alters secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
850:
fruit and vegetable consumption. Frequent consumption of high-energy foods, such as processed foods that are high in fats and sugars, promotes obesity and may increase cardiovascular risk. The amount of dietary salt consumed may also be an important determinant of blood pressure levels and overall cardiovascular risk. There is moderate quality evidence that reducing saturated fat intake for at least two years reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. High
979:
not known to have cardiovascular disease. These measures, and sometimes others, may be combined into composite risk scores to estimate an individual's future risk of cardiovascular disease. Numerous risk scores exist although their respective merits are debated. Other diagnostic tests and biomarkers remain under evaluation but currently these lack clear-cut evidence to support their routine use. They include family history, coronary artery
780:, it has been argued that a woman's risk is similar to a man's although more recent data from the WHO and UN disputes this. If a female has diabetes, she is more likely to develop heart disease than a male with diabetes. Women who have high blood pressure and had complications in their pregnancy have three times the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to women with normal blood pressure who had no complications in pregnancy.
827:
were insufficiently physically active. The risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus is reduced by almost a third in adults who participate in 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week (or equivalent). In addition, physical activity assists weight loss and improves blood glucose control, blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity. These effects may, at least in part, explain its cardiovascular benefits.
746:
7146:
787:, sex contributes to approximately 40% of the variation in sex ratios of coronary heart disease mortality. Another study reports similar results finding that sex differences explains nearly half the risk associated with cardiovascular diseases One of the proposed explanations for sex differences in cardiovascular diseases is hormonal difference. Among women, estrogen is the predominant sex hormone.
899:
Americans get less than the recommended seven hours of sleep per night, and in a study of teenagers, just 2.2 percent of those studied got enough sleep, many of whom did not get good quality sleep. Studies have shown that short sleepers getting less than seven hours sleep per night have a 10 percent to 30 percent higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
737:
cardiovascular disease that can be traced to a single disease-causing DNA variant, although these conditions are rare. Most common cardiovascular diseases are non-Mendelian and are thought to be due to hundreds or thousands of genetic variants (known as single nucleotide polymorphisms), each associated with a small effect.
1700:
Proper CVD management necessitates a focus on MI and stroke cases due to their combined high mortality rate, keeping in mind the cost-effectiveness of any intervention, especially in developing countries with low or middle-income levels. Regarding MI, strategies using aspirin, atenolol, streptokinase
854:
intake has adverse effects on blood lipids and circulating inflammatory markers, and elimination of trans-fat from diets has been widely advocated. In 2018 the World Health
Organization estimated that trans fats were the cause of more than half a million deaths per year. There is evidence that higher
753:
Age is the most important risk factor in developing cardiovascular or heart diseases, with approximately a tripling of risk with each decade of life. Coronary fatty streaks can begin to form in adolescence. It is estimated that 82 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 and older.
5637:
DECODE, European
Diabetes Epidemiology Group (August 1999). "Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. The DECODE study group. European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in
1542:
Blood pressure medication reduces cardiovascular disease in people at risk, irrespective of age, the baseline level of cardiovascular risk, or baseline blood pressure. The commonly-used drug regimens have similar efficacy in reducing the risk of all major cardiovascular events, although there may be
1121:
production of aluminium or the production of paper when the sulphate pulping process is used is associated with heart disease. An association was also found between heart disease and exposure to compounds which are no longer permitted in certain work environments, such
921:
In addition, sleep research displays differences in race and class. Short sleep and poor sleep tend to be more frequently reported in ethnic minorities than in whites. African-Americans report experiencing short durations of sleep five times more often than whites, possibly as a result of social and
849:
High dietary intakes of saturated fat, trans-fats and salt, and low intake of fruits, vegetables and fish are linked to cardiovascular risk, although whether all these associations indicate causes is disputed. The World Health
Organization attributes approximately 1.7 million deaths worldwide to low
757:
Multiple explanations are proposed to explain why age increases the risk of cardiovascular/heart diseases. One of them relates to serum cholesterol level. In most populations, the serum total cholesterol level increases as age increases. In men, this increase levels off around age 45 to 50 years. In
736:
Cardiovascular disease in a person's parents increases their risk by ~3 fold, and genetics is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Genetic cardiovascular disease can occur either as a consequence of single variant (Mendelian) or polygenic influences. There are more than 40 inherited
1890:
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and in all regions except Africa. In 2008, 30% of all global death was attributed to cardiovascular diseases. Death caused by cardiovascular diseases are also higher in low- and middle-income countries as over 80% of all global deaths
1620:
A systematic review estimated that inactivity is responsible for 6% of the burden of disease from coronary heart disease worldwide. The authors estimated that 121,000 deaths from coronary heart disease could have been averted in Europe in 2008 if people had not been physically inactive. Low-quality
1305:
Screening and selection for primary prevention interventions has traditionally been done through absolute risk using a variety of scores (ex. Framingham or
Reynolds risk scores). This stratification has separated people who receive the lifestyle interventions (generally lower and intermediate risk)
978:
Existing cardiovascular disease or a previous cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack or stroke, is the strongest predictor of a future cardiovascular event. Age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes are important predictors of future cardiovascular disease in people who are
408:
since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80,
873:
The relationship between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease is complex, and may depend on the amount of alcohol consumed. There is a direct relationship between high levels of drinking alcohol and cardiovascular disease. Drinking at low levels without episodes of heavy drinking may be
1607:
Antibiotics may help patients with coronary disease to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes. However, evidence in 2021 suggests that antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease are harmful, with increased mortality and occurrence of stroke; the use of antibiotics is not
1549:
are effective in preventing further cardiovascular disease in people with a history of cardiovascular disease. As the event rate is higher in men than in women, the decrease in events is more easily seen in men than women. In those at risk, but without a history of cardiovascular disease (primary
1501:
is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease, and in 2015 the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) determined that there was 'no longer a consensus among qualified experts that partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs), which are the primary dietary source of industrially produced trans fatty
1400:
Most guidelines recommend combining preventive strategies. There is some evidence that interventions aiming to reduce more than one cardiovascular risk factor may have beneficial effects on blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference; however, evidence was limited and the authors were
930:
Cardiovascular disease has a greater impact on low- and middle-income countries compared to those with higher income. Although data on the social patterns of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries is limited, reports from high-income countries consistently demonstrate that low
898:
A lack of good sleep, in amount or quality, is documented as increasing cardiovascular risk in both adults and teens. Recommendations suggest that
Infants typically need 12 or more hours of sleep per day, adolescent at least eight or nine hours, and adults seven or eight. About one-third of adult
826:
Insufficient physical activity (defined as less than 5 x 30 minutes of moderate activity per week, or less than 3 x 20 minutes of vigorous activity per week) is currently the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. In 2008, 31.3% of adults aged 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4% women)
802:
Among men and women, there are differences in body weight, height, body fat distribution, heart rate, stroke volume, and arterial compliance. In the very elderly, age-related large artery pulsatility and stiffness are more pronounced among women than men. This may be caused by the women's smaller
1513:
in people with high or normal blood pressure are not clear. In those with heart failure, after one study was left out, the rest of the trials show a trend to benefit. Another review of dietary salt concluded that there is strong evidence that high dietary salt intake increases blood pressure and
1443:
can provide a risk reduction for CVD if a healthy plant-based diet is consumed. Unhealthy plant-based diets do not provide benefits over diets including meat. A similar meta-analysis and systematic review also looked into dietary patterns and found "that diets lower in animal foods and unhealthy
1404:
There is additional evidence to suggest that providing people with a cardiovascular disease risk score may reduce risk factors by a small amount compared to usual care. However, there was some uncertainty as to whether providing these scores had any effect on cardiovascular disease events. It is
1353:
Limit alcohol consumption to the recommended daily limits. People who moderately consume alcoholic drinks have a 25β30% lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, people who are genetically predisposed to consume less alcohol have lower rates of cardiovascular disease suggesting that alcohol
1011:
There is evidence that mental health problems, in particular depression and traumatic stress, is linked to cardiovascular diseases. Whereas mental health problems are known to be associated with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as smoking, poor diet, and a sedentary lifestyle, these
811:
Cigarettes are the major form of smoked tobacco. Risks to health from tobacco use result not only from direct consumption of tobacco, but also from exposure to second-hand smoke. Approximately 10% of cardiovascular disease is attributed to smoking; however, people who quit smoking by age 30 have
9017:
Czernichow S, Zanchetti A, Turnbull F, Barzi F, Ninomiya T, Kengne AP, et al. (January 2011). "The effects of blood pressure reduction and of different blood pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events according to baseline blood pressure: meta-analysis of randomized trials".
1345:
with healthier choices: Clinical trials show that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated vegetable oil reduced CVD by 30%. Prospective observational studies show that in many populations lower intake of saturated fat coupled with higher intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat is
1616:
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation following a heart attack reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease and leads to less hospitalizations. There have been few high-quality studies of the benefits of exercise training in people with increased cardiovascular risk but no history of
1349:
Decrease body fat if overweight or obese. The effect of weight loss is often difficult to distinguish from dietary change, and evidence on weight reducing diets is limited. In observational studies of people with severe obesity, weight loss following bariatric surgery is associated with a 46%
1242:
Population-based studies show that atherosclerosis, the major precursor of cardiovascular disease, begins in childhood. The
Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study demonstrated that intimal lesions appear in all the aortas and more than half of the right coronary
1181:
can increase the risk of heart disease and death, as observed in breast cancer therapy. Therapeutic radiation increases the risk of a subsequent heart attack or stroke by 1.5 to 4 times; the increase depends on the dose strength, volume, and location. Use of concomitant chemotherapy, e.g.
1894:
It is estimated that 60% of the world's cardiovascular disease burden will occur in the South Asian subcontinent despite only accounting for 20% of the world's population. This may be secondary to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Organizations such as the
1550:
prevention), statins decrease the risk of death and combined fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease. The benefit, however, is small. A United States guideline recommends statins in those who have a 12% or greater risk of cardiovascular disease over the next ten years.
1587:
has been found to be of only modest benefit in those at low risk of heart disease, as the risk of serious bleeding is almost equal to the protection against cardiovascular problems. In those at very low risk, including those over the age of 70, it is not recommended. The
874:
associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, but there is evidence that associations between moderate alcohol consumption and protection from stroke are non-causal. At the population level, the health risks of drinking alcohol exceed any potential benefits.
7678:"Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000β2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury"
5724:"Assessment of the 12-lead ECG as a screening test for detection of cardiovascular disease in healthy general populations of young people (12-25 Years of Age): a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology"
1921:
There is evidence that cardiovascular disease existed in pre-history, and research into cardiovascular disease dates from at least the 18th century. The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of
7083:
3711:
Jackson R, Chambles L, Higgins M, Kuulasmaa K, Wijnberg L, Williams D (WHO MONICA Project, and ARIC Study.) Sex difference in ischaemic heart disease mortality and risk factors in 46 communities: an ecologic analysis. Cardiovasc Risk
Factors. 1999;
409:
and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80, while it is around 68 in the developing world. CVD is typically diagnosed seven to ten years earlier in men than in women.
1270:(either at rest or with exercise) are not recommended in those without symptoms who are at low risk. This includes those who are young without risk factors. In those at higher risk the evidence for screening with ECGs is inconclusive. Additionally
1030:
Little is known about the relationship between work and cardiovascular disease, but links have been established between certain toxins, extreme heat and cold, exposure to tobacco smoke, and mental health concerns such as stress and depression.
1301:
The NIH recommends lipid testing in children beginning at the age of 2 if there is a family history of heart disease or lipid problems. It is hoped that early testing will improve lifestyle factors in those at risk such as diet and exercise.
9611:
1395:
Not enough sleep also raises the risk of high blood pressure. Adults need about 7β9 hours of sleep. Sleep apnea is also a major risk as it causes breathing to stop briefly, which can put stress on the body which can raise the risk of heart
1060:
was also increased by exposure to ionizing radiation. Hypertension develops more often in those who experience job strain and who have shift-work. Differences between women and men in risk are small, however men risk having and dying of
761:
Aging is also associated with changes in the mechanical and structural properties of the vascular wall, which leads to the loss of arterial elasticity and reduced arterial compliance and may subsequently lead to coronary artery disease.
1621:
evidence from a limited number of studies suggest that yoga has beneficial effects on blood pressure and cholesterol. Tentative evidence suggests that home-based exercise programs may be more efficient at improving exercise adherence.
370:, among other things. High blood pressure is estimated to account for approximately 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco accounts for 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6%, and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated
1237:
Density-Dependent Colour
Scanning Electron Micrograph SEM (DDC-SEM) of cardiovascular calcification, showing in orange calcium phosphate spherical particles (denser material) and, in green, the extracellular matrix (less dense
624:, the muscular part of the heart, caused most often by viral infection and less often by bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. It is characterized in part by infiltration of the heart by
1409:
affects their risk of cardiovascular disease. According to a 2021 WHO study, working 55+ hours a week raises the risk of stroke by 35% and the risk of dying from heart conditions by 17%, when compared to a 35-40 hours week.
1566:
do not affect the risk of cardiovascular disease in those who are already on statins. Fibrates lower the risk of cardiovascular and coronary events, but there is no evidence to suggest that they reduce all-cause mortality.
2988:
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. (2004). "Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study".
950:) are the major focus, in which gradients are used to determine CVD risk. Overall, long-term PM exposure increased rate of atherosclerosis and inflammation. In regards to short-term exposure (2 hours), every 25 ΞΌg/m of PM
1354:
itself may not be protective. Excessive alcohol intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and consumption of alcohol is associated with increased risk of a cardiovascular event in the day following consumption.
10475:"Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials"
8410:
Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S, Crowe F, Ward HA, Johnson L, et al. (March 2014). "Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
12995:
1165:
may also lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Several large-scale research projects looking at human genetic data have found a robust link between the presence of these mutations, a condition known as
5065:
5023:
11049:
11034:
1141:. There is evidence that workplace exposure to lead, carbon disulphide, phenoxyacids containing TCDD, as well as working in an environment where aluminum is being electrolytically produced, is associated with
7397:
Dickinson HO, Mason JM, Nicolson DJ, Campbell F, Beyer FR, Cook JV, et al. (February 2006). "Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials".
6794:
McMahan CA, Gidding SS, Malcom GT, Tracy RE, Strong JP, McGill HC (October 2006). "Pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis in youth risk scores are associated with early and advanced atherosclerosis".
6175:
McNeal CJ, Dajani T, Wilson D, Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Dickerson JB, Ory M (January 2010). "Hypercholesterolemia in youth: opportunities and obstacles to prevent premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease".
381:, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating risk factors, such as high blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with
333:
The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease. It is estimated that dietary risk factors are associated with 53% of CVD deaths. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve
1705:
25, streptokinase was about $ 680, and t-PA was $ 16,000. Aspirin, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and statins used together for secondary CVD prevention in the same regions showed single QALY costs of $ 350.
7084:"expert reaction to study looking at pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure | Science Media Centre"
6553:
Kwok CS, Pradhan A, Khan MA, Anderson SG, Keavney BD, Myint PK, et al. (April 2014). "Bariatric surgery and its impact on cardiovascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
3991:"Sugar and cardiovascular disease: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Nutrition of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism of the American Heart Association"
2167:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
1258:. In fact, cardiovascular disease is the most life-threatening of the diabetic complications and diabetics are two- to four-fold more likely to die of cardiovascular-related causes than nondiabetics.
10759:
Thompson RC, Allam AH, Lombardi GP, Wann LS, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, et al. (April 2013). "Atherosclerosis across 4000 years of human history: the Horus study of four ancient populations".
5535:
1518:
probably through other mechanisms. Moderate evidence was found that high salt intake increases cardiovascular mortality; and some evidence was found for an increase in overall mortality, strokes, and
1573:
may reduce cardiovascular risk in people with Type 2 diabetes, although evidence is not conclusive. A meta-analysis in 2009 including 27,049 participants and 2,370 major vascular events showed a 15%
9113:"An effective approach to high blood pressure control: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"
7106:"Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis"
954:
resulted in a 48% increase of CVD mortality risk. In addition, after only 5 days of exposure, a rise in systolic (2.8 mmHg) and diastolic (2.7 mmHg) blood pressure occurred for every 10.5 ΞΌg/m of PM
9607:
9747:
9388:"Effect on cardiovascular risk of high density lipoprotein targeted drug treatments niacin, fibrates, and CETP inhibitors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials including 117,411 patients"
5561:
Kvan E, Pettersen KI, Sandvik L, Reikvam A (October 2007). "High mortality in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: cardiovascular co-morbidities contribute most to the high risk".
9635:"2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines"
8311:"Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies"
1701:
or tissue plasminogen activator have been compared for quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) in regions of low and middle income. The costs for a single QALY for aspirin and atenolol were less than
5804:
Chou R (March 2015). "Cardiac screening with electrocardiography, stress echocardiography, or myocardial perfusion imaging: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians".
3615:
12988:
1709:
There are also surgical or procedural interventions that can save someone's life or prolong it. For heart valve problems, a person could have surgery to replace the valve. For arrhythmias, a
855:
consumption of sugar is associated with higher blood pressure and unfavorable blood lipids, and sugar intake also increases the risk of diabetes mellitus. High consumption of processed meats
2115:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
1377:
Lower blood pressure, if elevated. A 10 mmHg reduction in blood pressure reduces risk by about 20%. Lowering blood pressure appears to be effective even at normal blood pressure ranges.
9347:"Management of dyslipidemia for cardiovascular disease risk reduction: synopsis of the 2014 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense clinical practice guideline"
1645:, etc.) or vitamins has not been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease and in some cases may possibly result in harm. Mineral supplements have also not been found to be useful.
1474:(high in nuts, fish, fruits and vegetables, and low in sweets, red meat and fat) has been shown to reduce blood pressure, lower total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and improve
6840:"Endothelial function in healthy 11-year-old children after dietary intervention with onset in infancy: the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for children (STRIP)"
8974:
Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration (August 2014). "Blood pressure-lowering treatment based on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of individual patient data".
7443:"Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness based cognitive therapy in vascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"
903:
13693:
7305:
Pelliccia F, Greco C, Vitale C, Rosano G, Gaudio C, Kaski JC (August 2014). "Takotsubo syndrome (stress cardiomyopathy): an intriguing clinical condition in search of its identity".
12981:
1724:
There is probably no additional benefit in terms of mortality and serious adverse events when blood pressure targets were lowered to β€ 135/85 mmHg from β€ 140 to 160/90 to 100 mmHg.
8069:"Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis"
7745:"Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies"
10276:"Vitamin and mineral supplements in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: An updated systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force"
3429:
1929:
Recent areas of research include the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis the potential for novel therapeutic interventions, and the genetics of coronary heart disease.
5598:"Diabetes mellitus: the major risk factor in unstable coronary artery disease even after consideration of the extent of coronary artery disease and benefits of revascularization"
8169:
1388:
is associated with an increased risk of heart problems in those with previous heart disease. Severe emotional and physical stress leads to a form of heart dysfunction known as
14359:
5069:
5035:
4040:"Association between clinically recorded alcohol consumption and initial presentation of 12 cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study using linked health records"
1534:
could prevent cardiovascular disease. Intermittent fasting may help people lose more weight than regular eating patterns, but was not different from energy restriction diets.
3589:
3886:
Remig V, Franklin B, Margolis S, Kostas G, Nece T, Street JC (April 2010). "Trans fats in America: a review of their use, consumption, health implications, and regulation".
3637:
1046:
who experience low social support at work; who experience injustice or experience insufficient opportunities for personal development; or those who experience job insecurity
1891:
caused by cardiovascular diseases occurred in those countries. It is also estimated that by 2030, over 23 million people will die from cardiovascular diseases each year.
3934:
1314:
Up to 90% of cardiovascular disease may be preventable if established risk factors are avoided. Currently practised measures to prevent cardiovascular disease include:
14681:
10315:
Bruckert E, Labreuche J, Amarenco P (June 2010). "Meta-analysis of the effect of nicotinic acid alone or in combination on cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis".
8028:"Cereal Fibre Intake and Risk of Mortality From All Causes, CVD, Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies"
795:
cell function. The production of estrogen decreases after menopause, and this may change the female lipid metabolism toward a more atherogenic form by decreasing the
4326:
Di Cesare M, Khang YH, Asaria P, Blakely T, Cowan MJ, Farzadfar F, et al. (February 2013). "Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses".
1286:
may add to conventional cardiovascular risk factors in predicting the risk of future cardiovascular disease; however, the value of some biomarkers is questionable.
8454:
Food Drug Administration H (May 2018). "Final Determination Regarding Partially Hydrogenated Oils. Notification; declaratory order; extension of compliance date".
7000:
4474:
Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health : Commission on Social Determinants of Health Final Report
2723:
14711:
13686:
10178:"Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"
9572:(July 2011). "Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients without clinical cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials".
7848:
11783:
5539:
1502:
acids (IP-TFA), are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for any use in human food'. There is conflicting evidence concerning whether dietary supplements of
8826:"Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP)"
7864:"Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group"
6305:"Association between Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies"
3950:"Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids"
3075:
Eckel RH (November 1997). "Obesity and heart disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association".
9733:
5896:
Spence JD (November 2006). "Technology Insight: ultrasound measurement of carotid plaque--patient management, genetic research, and therapy evaluation".
4428:
Clark AM, DesMeules M, Luo W, Duncan AS, Wielgosz A (November 2009). "Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease: risks and implications for care".
1592:
recommends against use of aspirin for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, it is recommended for some older people.
9066:"Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials"
7519:
5448:
Vanhecke TE, Miller WM, Franklin BA, Weber JE, McCullough PA (October 2006). "Awareness, knowledge, and perception of heart disease among adolescents".
8629:
3607:
10738:
8927:"Effects of different regimens to lower blood pressure on major cardiovascular events in older and younger adults: meta-analysis of randomised trials"
2527:"Aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review of the balance of evidence from reviews of randomized trials"
13679:
2423:"Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case-control study"
2974:
2091:
4274:"Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association"
6243:"The Association of Plant-Based Diet With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Prospect Cohort Studies"
3491:"Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease: a prospective follow-up study of 14 786 middle-aged men and women in Finland"
3673:"Association Between Chronic Hypertension and the Risk of 12 Cardiovascular Diseases Among Parous Women: The Role of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes"
3430:
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/UnderstandYourRiskofHeartAttack/Understand-Your-Risk-of-Heart-Attack_UCM_002040_Article.jsp
14674:
6108:
2165:
Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016).
1448:
concluded that "In most countries, a vegan diet is associated with a more favourable cardio-metabolic profile compared to an omnivorous diet."
1016:
is independently associated with increased risk for incident coronary heart disease, even after adjusting for depression and other covariates.
8532:"Associations of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplement Use With Cardiovascular Disease Risks: Meta-analysis of 10 Trials Involving 77 917 Individuals"
6881:"Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force"
1577:
in cardiovascular disease with more-intensive glucose lowering over an average follow-up period of 4.4 years, but an increased risk of major
13369:
1589:
4846:
Bai W, Li J, Liu J (October 2016). "Serum phosphorus, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population: A meta-analysis".
2586:"Aspirin for prophylactic use in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review and overview of reviews"
2113:
Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, et al. (GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (January 2015).
1514:
worsens hypertension, and that it increases the number of cardiovascular disease events; both as a result of the increased blood pressure
1182:
anthracyclines, is an aggravating risk factor. The occurrence rate of RT induced cardiovascular disease is estimated between 10% and 30%.
14875:
13384:
13374:
12209:
5941:"Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease With Nontraditional Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement"
4675:"Prediction of cardiovascular risk using Framingham, ASSIGN and QRISK2: how well do they predict individual rather than population risk?"
2382:"Preventing heart disease in the 21st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study"
1599:
agents for people with pulmonary hypertension with left heart disease or hypoxemic lung diseases may cause harm and unnecessary expense.
575:β a clinical syndrome caused by the inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood to the tissues to meet their metabolic requirements
9484:
Holman RR, Sourij H, Califf RM (June 2014). "Cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in type 2 diabetes".
7504:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Cardiovascular Disease. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.
5491:
Highlander P, Shaw GP (February 2010). "Current pharmacotherapeutic concepts for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in diabetics".
4488:
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3788:
8193:
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Linden W, Stossel C, Maurice J (April 1996). "Psychosocial interventions for patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis".
6978:
6920:
Critchley J, Capewell S (2004-01-01). Critchley JA (ed.). "Smoking cessation for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease".
5979:
14667:
1392:
in some people. Stress, however, plays a relatively minor role in hypertension. Specific relaxation therapies are of unclear benefit.
5295:"Out of the frying pan and into the fire: damage-associated molecular patterns and cardiovascular toxicity following cancer therapy"
5077:
5027:
4138:"Conventional and genetic evidence on alcohol and vascular disease aetiology: a prospective study of 500 000 men and women in China"
1653:
supplementation lowers high blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Magnesium therapy is recommended for people with ventricular
14882:
14366:
11114:
10227:"Association of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
8694:"Normal-sodium diet compared with low-sodium diet in compensated congestive heart failure: is sodium an old enemy or a new friend?"
7258:"Meta-analysis of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia and subsequent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease"
1423:
9930:"Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy"
3593:
3331:"Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations"
696:
consumption, unhealthy diet, obesity, genetic predisposition and family history of cardiovascular disease, raised blood pressure (
922:
environmental factors. Black children and children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods have much higher rates of sleep apnea.
7058:
5982:"Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report"
5683:"Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Electrocardiography: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement"
2824:"Unprocessed red and processed meats and risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes--an updated review of the evidence"
2673:"Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study"
1713:
can be put in place to help reduce abnormal heart rhythms and for a heart attack, there are multiple options two of these are a
1384:. This measure may be complicated by imprecise definitions of what constitute psychosocial interventions. Mental stressβinduced
14808:
14731:
13364:
11841:
11158:
6704:"Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data"
2590:
2080:. World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. pp. 3β18.
1649:, a type of vitamin B3, may be an exception with a modest decrease in the risk of cardiovascular events in those at high risk.
1012:
factors alone do not explain the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases seen in depression, stress, and anxiety. Moreover,
12554:
10642:
8179:
6084:
5765:"Screening for coronary heart disease with electrocardiography: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement"
4741:"Criteria for evaluation of novel markers of cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association"
4653:
4482:
4196:
3782:
3460:
3059:
2754:
2651:
2085:
396:
worldwide except Africa. Together CVD resulted in 17.9 million deaths (32.1%) in 2015, up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990.
10658:
4659:
4202:
1946:
890:
and intestinal healing. However, delays in recognition and diagnosis of celiac disease can cause irreversible heart damage.
14899:
13267:
12559:
11645:
11482:
9725:
4599:
Tunstall-Pedoe H (March 2011). "Cardiovascular Risk and Risk Scores: ASSIGN, Framingham, QRISK and others: how to choose".
7820:
2657:
11836:
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9435:
Jakob T, Nordmann AJ, Schandelmaier S, Ferreira-GonzΓ‘lez I, Briel M, et al. (Cochrane Heart Group) (November 2016).
8810:
7520:"Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries"
6601:"Association of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
5149:
Taylor CW, Nisbet A, McGale P, Darby SC (December 2007). "Cardiac exposures in breast cancer radiotherapy: 1950s-1990s".
1291:
1025:
984:
10941:
Swerdlow DI, Humphries SE (February 2017). "Genetics of CHD in 2016: Common and rare genetic variants and risk of CHD".
6992:
5980:
Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health Risk Reduction in Children Adolescents (December 2011).
14965:
14865:
13272:
11947:
11778:
11392:
5022:
2731:
1732:
868:
2927:"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association"
14892:
14825:
14820:
14761:
14756:
13050:
11818:
8876:
Allaf M, Elghazaly H, Mohamed OG, Fareen MF, Zaman S, Salmasi AM, et al. (Cochrane Heart Group) (January 2021).
7905:"Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial"
4987:
988:
962:
in irregular heart rhythm, reduced heart rate variability (decreased vagal tone), and most notably heart failure. PM
689:
377:
It is estimated that up to 90% of CVD may be preventable. Prevention of CVD involves improving risk factors through:
9686:"Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement"
14970:
13593:
13568:
13359:
12709:
12326:
11813:
9771:
Sethi NJ, Safi S, Korang SK, HrΓ³bjartsson A, Skoog M, Gluud C, et al. (Cochrane Heart Group) (February 2021).
7946:"Beneficial effects of a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension eating plan on features of the metabolic syndrome"
7019:"Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
6437:
Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association, 15 Jun 2017,
5064:
1455:
may improve cardiovascular outcomes. There is also evidence that a Mediterranean diet may be more effective than a
1127:
33:
10987:
1689:
Cardiovascular disease is treatable with initial treatment primarily focused on diet and lifestyle interventions.
1043:
with mentally stressful work with a lack of control over their working situation β with an effort-reward imbalance
14939:
14776:
14751:
13660:
13610:
13178:
12973:
12341:
12202:
11682:
11463:
10992:
8067:
Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Leelarthaepin B, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Faurot KR, Suchindran CM, et al. (February 2013).
5393:"Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification"
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3851:
Booker CS, Mann JI (July 2008). "Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular health: translation of the evidence base".
1427:
910:, are also associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk. An estimated 50 to 70 million Americans have insomnia,
840:
791:
may have protective effects on glucose metabolism and hemostatic system, and may have direct effect in improving
771:
676:
393:
7621:"Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis"
14870:
14840:
14791:
14786:
14741:
14726:
12660:
11758:
11753:
11677:
10997:
8766:
8758:
8693:
7207:
6435:, Michael Miller, Eric B. Rimm, Lawrence L. Rudel, Jennifer G. Robinson, Neil J. Stone, and Linda V. Van Horn:
1718:
783:
Coronary heart diseases are 2 to 5 times more common among middle-aged men than women. In a study done by the
14914:
14746:
13352:
12472:
12104:
11980:
11909:
11741:
11477:
4980:"NIOSH Program Portfolio : Cancer, Reproductive, and Cardiovascular Diseases : Program Description"
1013:
421:
17:
9608:"Final Recommendation Statement Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication"
8668:
2644:
Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world : a critical challenge to achieve global health
886:
can cause the development of many types of cardiovascular diseases, most of which improve or resolve with a
14944:
14855:
14766:
14579:
14116:
13588:
13511:
13329:
13277:
12777:
12697:
12402:
12099:
11892:
11875:
11808:
11728:
11107:
11006:
10734:
10352:"The current state of niacin in cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic review and meta-regression"
1710:
1665:, and for the treatment of people with digoxin intoxication-induced arrhythmias. There is no evidence that
1519:
1444:
plant foods, and higher in healthy plant foods are beneficial for CVD prevention". A 2018 meta-analysis of
1275:
14909:
13088:
10393:"The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials"
9527:
Turnbull FM, Abraira C, Anderson RJ, Byington RP, Chalmers JP, Duckworth WC, et al. (November 2009).
6655:"Alcohol and Immediate Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis"
14835:
14798:
14781:
14321:
14280:
13578:
13483:
13420:
12792:
12787:
12514:
12504:
11942:
11387:
3638:"Pregnancy complications increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke in women with high blood pressure"
3166:"Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease: Genetics and Impact on Phenotypes: JACC Focus Seminar 1/5"
522:
417:
13671:
9164:"Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease"
7821:"Meta-analysis comparing Mediterranean to low-fat diets for modification of cardiovascular risk factors"
7819:
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6838:
Raitakari OT, RΓΆnnemaa T, JΓ€rvisalo MJ, Kaitosaari T, Volanen I, Kallio K, et al. (December 2005).
2072:
14919:
14815:
14574:
13425:
13415:
13306:
13301:
12893:
12544:
12519:
12336:
12265:
12195:
11924:
11412:
11397:
7792:
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Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition: report of an expert consultation, 10-14 November 2008, Geneva
3223:"A comprehensive 1,000 Genomes-based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease"
2747:
Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World: A Critical Challenge to Achieve Global Health
943:
14904:
14620:
14088:
13455:
13164:
13160:
13120:
12918:
12861:
12509:
12462:
12312:
12275:
12002:
11699:
11667:
11594:
11321:
9729:
5596:
Norhammar A, Malmberg K, Diderholm E, Lagerqvist B, Lindahl B, RydΓ©n L, et al. (February 2004).
4645:
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Risk
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1214:
784:
371:
319:
10078:
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6443:
4832:
4725:
836:
14934:
14845:
14803:
14771:
14721:
14610:
14533:
13844:
13521:
13442:
12903:
12716:
12670:
12665:
12489:
12467:
12126:
11952:
11882:
11672:
11569:
11550:
11380:
11153:
11064:
9633:
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8361:
Sacks FM, Lichtenstein AH, Wu JH, Appel LJ, Creager MA, Kris-Etherton PM, et al. (July 2017).
3222:
2216:"Diet quality assessment and the relationship between diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk"
1896:
1570:
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6031:"Universal lipid screening in children and adolescents: a baby step toward primordial prevention?"
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14924:
14887:
14860:
14850:
14352:
13944:
13806:
13617:
13583:
13188:
13108:
13098:
13045:
12958:
12940:
12422:
12417:
12381:
12351:
12159:
12133:
12121:
12109:
12094:
11828:
11770:
11574:
11555:
11207:
11147:
11100:
10678:"Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease"
4272:
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4217:
1574:
1295:
1233:
1218:
1206:
1138:
991:, lipoprotein subclasses and particle concentration, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins A-I and B,
662:
578:
528:
516:
397:
291:
271:
156:
140:
119:
9264:
9224:"Statin therapy in the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events: a sex-based meta-analysis"
8824:
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7350:"Lay perspectives on hypertension and drug adherence: systematic review of qualitative research"
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124:
Heart failure, heart attack, stroke, aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, sudden cardiac arrest.
14929:
14736:
14716:
14706:
14551:
14528:
14169:
13801:
13498:
13225:
13208:
12930:
12913:
12908:
12898:
12739:
12675:
12317:
11748:
11714:
11657:
11635:
11457:
11439:
11375:
11242:
11195:
10432:
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9263:
Taylor F, Huffman MD, Macedo AF, Moore TH, Burke M, Davey Smith G, et al. (January 2013).
6432:
1900:
1381:
1202:
671:
651:
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1963:
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. (January 2013).
1806:
Disability-adjusted life year for cardiovascular diseases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004
14474:
14274:
13784:
13432:
13140:
12935:
12680:
12539:
12531:
12499:
12386:
11512:
11507:
11402:
11317:
11212:
10632:
10292:
10275:
9978:
9724:
8735:
8530:
Aung T, Halsey J, Kromhout D, Gerstein HC, Marchioli R, Tavazzi L, et al. (March 2018).
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2671:
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2293:
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1000:
538:
359:
279:
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9685:
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U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021, March 24). Heart Disease Prevention. MedlinePlus.
5781:
5764:
3772:
1506:(a type of polyunsaturated essential fatty acid) added to diet improve cardiovascular risk.
688:
There are many risk factors for heart diseases: age, sex, tobacco use, physical inactivity,
14615:
14561:
14300:
14207:
14111:
14016:
13829:
13811:
13470:
13460:
13262:
13218:
12849:
12844:
12648:
12440:
12008:
11536:
11517:
11417:
11328:
11271:
7862:
Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, et al. (January 2001).
7689:
6970:
6378:
5847:
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5404:
4932:"Posttraumatic stress disorder and risk for coronary heart disease: a meta-analytic review"
4686:
2538:
1714:
1531:
1287:
1283:
1167:
584:
10328:
7505:
6457:"Obesity in older adults: a systematic review of the evidence for diagnosis and treatment"
6438:
6431:
Frank M. Sacks, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Jason H.Y. Wu, Lawrence J. Appel, Mark A. Creager,
5939:
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2421:
O'Donnell MJ, Chin SL, Rangarajan S, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, et al. (August 2016).
999:, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and markers of kidney function.
51:
8:
14643:
14584:
14515:
14448:
14327:
14156:
14044:
14029:
13968:
13823:
13655:
13638:
13488:
13344:
13254:
12925:
12692:
12013:
11870:
11865:
11788:
11692:
11662:
11621:
11247:
11164:
11053:
8309:
de Souza RJ, Mente A, Maroleanu A, Cozma AI, Ha V, Kishibe T, et al. (August 2015).
7176:
6224:
1923:
1697:
may decrease the chance of cardiovascular events and death in people with heart disease.
1658:
1490:
1445:
1385:
1279:
1198:
821:
211:
104:
14039:
10006:
9196:
9139:
9112:
8483:"Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease"
7903:
Obarzanek E, Sacks FM, Vollmer WM, Bray GA, Miller ER, Lin PH, et al. (July 2001).
7693:
7570:
Karmali KN, Persell SD, Perel P, Lloyd-Jones DM, Berendsen MA, Huffman MD (March 2017).
7492:
7104:
Adler A, Agodoa L, Algra A, Asselbergs FW, Beckett NS, Berge E, et al. (May 2021).
6382:
5408:
4690:
4381:"Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease mortality; an international study"
2542:
14430:
14315:
14310:
14248:
14226:
14220:
14034:
13991:
13835:
13818:
13767:
13706:
13702:
13573:
13529:
13506:
13396:
13173:
12839:
12749:
12331:
12116:
11914:
11736:
11687:
11312:
11259:
11169:
10966:
10918:
10893:
10869:
10844:
10784:
10710:
10677:
10610:
10597:
10572:
10553:
10256:
10202:
10177:
10153:
10128:
10104:
10079:
10055:
10030:
9954:
9929:
9905:
9880:
9856:
9821:
9797:
9772:
9661:
9634:
9509:
9461:
9436:
9412:
9387:
9292:
9093:
9043:
8999:
8951:
8926:
8902:
8877:
8850:
8825:
8724:
8660:
8605:
8580:
8556:
8531:
8507:
8482:
8436:
8392:
8335:
8310:
8286:
8251:
8232:
8167:
8145:
8120:
8093:
8068:
7769:
7744:
7720:
7677:
7653:
7620:
7596:
7571:
7547:
7423:
7411:
7374:
7349:
7282:
7257:
7238:
7188:
7130:
7105:
6820:
6776:
6728:
6703:
6679:
6654:
6625:
6600:
6530:
6505:
6504:
Semlitsch T, Krenn C, Jeitler K, Berghold A, Horvath K, Siebenhofer A (February 2021).
6486:
6409:
6366:
6339:
6304:
6277:
6242:
6201:
6152:
6127:
6102:
6006:
5981:
5921:
5878:
5849:"Multiple biomarkers for the prediction of first major cardiovascular events and death"
5829:
5663:
5516:
5473:
5461:
5425:
5392:
5368:
5343:
5319:
5294:
5265:
5237:
5210:
5185:
5126:
5116:
5099:
4956:
4931:
4907:
4882:
4816:
4789:
4765:
4740:
4709:
4674:
4624:
4573:
4548:
4453:
4410:
4361:
4298:
4273:
4242:
4162:
4137:
4113:
4088:
4064:
4039:
4020:
4007:
3990:
3935:"WHO plan to eliminate industrially-produced trans-fatty acids from global food supply"
3828:
3803:
3653:
3563:
3538:
3406:
3379:
3355:
3330:
3301:
3274:
3250:
3221:
Nikpay M, Goel A, Won HH, Hall LM, Willenborg C, Kanoni S, et al. (October 2015).
3203:
3138:
3111:
3024:
2956:
2902:
2875:
2848:
2823:
2801:
2697:
2672:
2612:
2561:
2526:
2502:
2469:
2450:
2354:
2329:
2302:
2277:
2250:
2215:
2191:
2166:
2139:
2114:
1989:
1964:
1674:
1666:
1503:
1475:
1452:
1401:
unable to draw firm conclusions on the effects on cardiovascular events and mortality.
1389:
1323:
939:
646:
white blood cells. This disorder differs from myocarditis in its causes and treatments.
363:
95:
14830:
11058:
10772:
10450:
10433:
10409:
10392:
9945:
9497:
9081:
8987:
8648:
7121:
7035:
7018:
6856:
6839:
6670:
5651:
4756:
4564:
4339:
4153:
3748:
3723:
3689:
3672:
3644:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 2023-11-21.
3291:
3275:"The Future of Genetics and Genomics: Closing the Phenotype Gap in Precision Medicine"
3002:
2688:
2438:
2398:
2381:
2278:"Sleep as a potential fundamental contributor to disparities in cardiovascular health"
2182:
2130:
1432:
A diet high in fruits and vegetables decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease and
508:
There are many cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels. They are known as
14502:
14420:
14389:
14107:
13981:
13976:
13899:
13794:
13789:
13762:
13406:
13324:
13294:
13235:
13213:
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12630:
12579:
12479:
12176:
12027:
11985:
11900:
11718:
11616:
11333:
11276:
11174:
11075:
10958:
10923:
10874:
10825:
10820:
10803:
10776:
10715:
10697:
10638:
10614:
10602:
10557:
10545:
10537:
10496:
10455:
10414:
10373:
10332:
10297:
10248:
10225:
Kim J, Choi J, Kwon SY, McEvoy JW, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, et al. (July 2018).
10207:
10158:
10109:
10060:
10011:
9959:
9910:
9861:
9843:
9802:
9707:
9666:
9589:
9550:
9501:
9466:
9417:
9368:
9297:
9245:
9201:
9183:
9144:
9085:
9065:
9035:
8991:
8956:
8907:
8855:
8747:
8716:
8652:
8610:
8561:
8512:
8463:
8428:
8384:
8340:
8291:
8273:
8224:
8220:
8185:
8175:
8150:
8098:
8049:
8008:
7967:
7926:
7885:
7840:
7801:
7774:
7725:
7707:
7658:
7640:
7601:
7552:
7474:
7459:
7442:
7415:
7379:
7330:
7287:
7256:
Wei J, Rooks C, Ramadan R, Shah AJ, Bremner JD, Quyyumi AA, et al. (July 2014).
7230:
7180:
7135:
7040:
6952:
6933:
6902:
6861:
6812:
6768:
6733:
6684:
6630:
6581:
6535:
6478:
6414:
6396:
6344:
6326:
6282:
6264:
6193:
6157:
6090:
6080:
6052:
6011:
5962:
5913:
5882:
5870:
5833:
5821:
5786:
5745:
5704:
5655:
5619:
5578:
5508:
5465:
5430:
5373:
5324:
5257:
5215:
5166:
5131:
4961:
4912:
4863:
4821:
4770:
4714:
4649:
4616:
4578:
4526:
4478:
4445:
4402:
4353:
4303:
4247:
4192:
4167:
4118:
4069:
4012:
3971:
3913:
3868:
3833:
3778:
3753:
3694:
3657:
3568:
3512:
3456:
3411:
3360:
3306:
3255:
3207:
3195:
3187:
3143:
3092:
3055:
3016:
2960:
2948:
2925:
Duell PB, Welty FK, Miller M, Chait A, Hammond G, Ahmad Z, et al. (April 2022).
2907:
2853:
2793:
2788:
2771:
2750:
2702:
2647:
2617:
2566:
2507:
2489:
2442:
2403:
2359:
2328:
Wang R, Dong Y, Weng J, Kontos EZ, Chervin RD, Rosen CL, et al. (January 2017).
2307:
2255:
2237:
2196:
2144:
2081:
1994:
1670:
1646:
1551:
1498:
1460:
1368:
1247:
1178:
725:
701:
633:
351:
347:
327:
202:, exercise, avoiding tobacco smoke, limited alcohol intake, Overall lifestyle changes
83:
10970:
10788:
10260:
10243:
10226:
9240:
9223:
9097:
9047:
9003:
8925:
Turnbull F, Neal B, Ninomiya T, Algert C, Arima H, Barzi F, et al. (May 2008).
8664:
8440:
8236:
7242:
7192:
6824:
6780:
6702:
Holmes MV, Dale CE, Zuccolo L, Silverwood RJ, Guo Y, Ye Z, et al. (July 2014).
6490:
6205:
5925:
5667:
5520:
5477:
5269:
4457:
4365:
3028:
2805:
2454:
14546:
14212:
14183:
14024:
13911:
13904:
13889:
13732:
13648:
13475:
13135:
13076:
13040:
12635:
12284:
12187:
12149:
12041:
11934:
11630:
11011:
10950:
10913:
10905:
10864:
10856:
10815:
10768:
10705:
10693:
10689:
10592:
10588:
10584:
10527:
10491:
10486:
10474:
10445:
10404:
10363:
10324:
10287:
10238:
10197:
10189:
10148:
10140:
10099:
10095:
10091:
10050:
10046:
10042:
10001:
9997:
9993:
9977:
Hartley L, Dyakova M, Holmes J, Clarke A, Lee MS, Ernst E, et al. (May 2014).
9949:
9941:
9900:
9896:
9892:
9851:
9838:
9833:
9792:
9788:
9784:
9697:
9656:
9646:
9581:
9569:
9540:
9513:
9493:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9407:
9399:
9358:
9287:
9283:
9279:
9235:
9191:
9179:
9175:
9134:
9124:
9077:
9027:
8983:
8946:
8938:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8845:
8837:
8800:
8739:
8728:
8708:
8644:
8600:
8596:
8592:
8551:
8543:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8420:
8374:
8330:
8322:
8281:
8268:
8263:
8216:
8140:
8132:
8088:
8080:
8039:
8003:
7998:
7986:
7957:
7916:
7875:
7832:
7764:
7756:
7715:
7697:
7648:
7636:
7632:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7542:
7538:
7534:
7464:
7454:
7427:
7407:
7369:
7361:
7322:
7314:
7277:
7269:
7222:
7172:
7125:
7117:
7030:
6948:
6944:
6929:
6925:
6892:
6851:
6804:
6760:
6723:
6715:
6674:
6666:
6620:
6612:
6571:
6563:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6468:
6404:
6386:
6334:
6316:
6272:
6254:
6185:
6147:
6139:
6042:
6001:
5993:
5952:
5905:
5860:
5813:
5776:
5735:
5694:
5647:
5609:
5570:
5500:
5457:
5420:
5412:
5363:
5355:
5314:
5306:
5249:
5205:
5197:
5158:
5121:
5111:
4951:
4943:
4902:
4894:
4855:
4811:
4801:
4760:
4752:
4704:
4694:
4628:
4608:
4568:
4560:
4522:
4518:
4509:
Franchini M, Mannucci PM (March 2012). "Air pollution and cardiovascular disease".
4437:
4414:
4392:
4343:
4335:
4293:
4285:
4237:
4229:
4157:
4149:
4108:
4100:
4059:
4051:
4024:
4002:
3961:
3903:
3895:
3860:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3743:
3735:
3684:
3645:
3558:
3550:
3502:
3448:
3401:
3391:
3350:
3342:
3296:
3286:
3245:
3237:
3177:
3164:
Semsarian C, Ingles J, Ross SB, Dunwoodie SL, Bagnall RD, Kovacic JC (2021-05-25).
3133:
3123:
3084:
3006:
2998:
2938:
2897:
2887:
2843:
2835:
2783:
2692:
2684:
2607:
2599:
2556:
2546:
2497:
2485:
2481:
2434:
2393:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2297:
2289:
2245:
2227:
2186:
2178:
2134:
2126:
1984:
1976:
1916:
1662:
1654:
1440:
1419:
1335:
1271:
1222:
1210:
1102:
887:
844:
509:
401:
75:
13939:
13003:
10894:"Atherosclerosis in 2016: Advances in new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis"
9162:
Redfern J, Tu Q, Hyun K, Hollings MA, Hafiz N, Zwack C, et al. (2024-03-27).
8396:
7273:
6367:"Cardiometabolic risk factors in vegans; A meta-analysis of observational studies"
5391:
Bertazzo S, Gentleman E, Cloyd KL, Chester AH, Yacoub MH, Stevens MM (June 2013).
5344:"Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Review of an Underrecognized Pathology"
4883:"State of the Art Review: Depression, Stress, Anxiety, and Cardiovascular Disease"
4089:"Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults, 1987 to 2002"
3724:"Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors"
3447:. World Health Organization and U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
2422:
1039:
A 2015 SBU-report looking at non-chemical factors found an association for those:
859:
of cardiovascular disease, possibly in part due to increased dietary salt intake.
14461:
14435:
14268:
14240:
14201:
14145:
14138:
14121:
14083:
14049:
13605:
13391:
13283:
13203:
12827:
12822:
12734:
12457:
12412:
12292:
12171:
11563:
11544:
11531:
11338:
11217:
11092:
11069:
10845:"Inflammatory processes in cardiovascular disease: a route to targeted therapies"
9742:
9738:
9129:
9031:
8547:
8379:
8362:
8121:"Dietary Fat and Cardiovascular Disease: Ebb and Flow Over the Last Half Century"
7836:
7702:
7318:
6567:
6391:
6123:
6047:
6030:
5740:
5723:
5574:
5162:
5066:
Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
5024:
Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
4699:
4643:
4289:
4218:"Objective Sleep Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adolescents"
4186:
3864:
3346:
2943:
2926:
2551:
1980:
1912:
1563:
1559:
1185:
Side-effects from radiation therapy for cardiovascular diseases have been termed
1106:
915:
721:
666:
543:
405:
343:
335:
315:
275:
112:
10080:"Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease"
8942:
8841:
8579:
Adler AJ, Taylor F, Martin N, Gottlieb S, Taylor RS, Ebrahim S (December 2014).
8250:
Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, Kirk C, Foster E, Abdelhamid AS (21 August 2020).
7880:
7863:
4136:
Millwood IY, Walters RG, Mei XW, Guo Y, Yang L, Bian Z, et al. (May 2019).
3739:
1459:
in bringing about long-term changes to cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., lower
14556:
14079:
14074:
13997:
13949:
13230:
12876:
12726:
12589:
12549:
12484:
12445:
12356:
12164:
12072:
11970:
11962:
11860:
11370:
11363:
11350:
11080:
10532:
10515:
10368:
10351:
9651:
7962:
7945:
7150:
5614:
5597:
5201:
4104:
3899:
3649:
3442:
3182:
3165:
3128:
2772:"Key articles of dietary interventions that influence cardiovascular mortality"
2639:
2637:
1464:
1371:
and avoidance of second-hand smoke. Stopping smoking reduces risk by about 35%.
1251:
1194:
1090:
1078:
967:
883:
709:
705:
693:
563:
553:
378:
295:
215:
199:
188:
180:
160:
71:
11043:
10954:
10909:
10860:
10144:
9585:
9545:
9528:
8788:
8136:
8044:
8027:
6189:
4947:
4859:
4441:
2839:
776:
Men are at greater risk of heart disease than pre-menopausal women. Once past
581:β a failure at the right side of the heart with respiratory system involvement
14959:
14648:
14305:
14261:
14234:
13859:
13772:
13722:
13169:
13009:
12744:
12407:
12154:
12065:
11200:
10993:
2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
10829:
10701:
10541:
9847:
9187:
8277:
8189:
7711:
7644:
7226:
6400:
6330:
6268:
6259:
6094:
5504:
5310:
4806:
3802:
Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, Kirk C, Foster E, Abdelhamid AS (August 2020).
3554:
3507:
3490:
3191:
3088:
2493:
2241:
1678:
1510:
1494:
1486:
1479:
1406:
1342:
1327:
1114:
1110:
1082:
980:
713:
572:
283:
239:
148:
12571:
10514:
An P, Wan S, Luo Y, Luo J, Zhang X, Zhou S, et al. (13 December 2022).
9928:
Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT (July 2012).
8743:
8692:
Paterna S, Gaspare P, Fasullo S, Sarullo FM, Di Pasquale P (February 2008).
8630:"Salt reduction lowers cardiovascular risk: meta-analysis of outcome trials"
8025:
6897:
6880:
5997:
5636:
5359:
4612:
3966:
3949:
3671:
Al Khalaf S, Chappell LC, Khashan AS, McCarthy FP, O'Reilly ΓJ (July 2023).
3380:"Atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children"
1374:
At least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate exercise per week.
14691:
14630:
14625:
14597:
14425:
14402:
14150:
14069:
13927:
13779:
13752:
13744:
13289:
13130:
12885:
12797:
12612:
12302:
12245:
12086:
12060:
11904:
11852:
11525:
11501:
11448:
11307:
10962:
10927:
10878:
10780:
10719:
10606:
10549:
10500:
10459:
10418:
10377:
10336:
10301:
10252:
10211:
10176:
Myung SK, Ju W, Cho B, Oh SW, Park SM, Koo BK, et al. (January 2013).
10162:
10129:"Coronary heart disease prevention: nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns"
10113:
10064:
10015:
9963:
9914:
9865:
9806:
9711:
9670:
9593:
9554:
9505:
9470:
9434:
9421:
9372:
9301:
9249:
9205:
9163:
9148:
9089:
9039:
8995:
8960:
8911:
8859:
8751:
8720:
8656:
8614:
8565:
8516:
8467:
8432:
8388:
8344:
8295:
8228:
8154:
8102:
8053:
8012:
7971:
7944:
Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi T, Azizi F (December 2005).
7930:
7921:
7904:
7889:
7844:
7805:
7778:
7729:
7662:
7605:
7556:
7518:
Uthman OA, Hartley L, Rees K, Taylor F, Ebrahim S, Clarke A (August 2015).
7478:
7419:
7383:
7334:
7291:
7234:
7139:
7044:
6956:
6937:
6906:
6865:
6816:
6808:
6772:
6737:
6688:
6634:
6585:
6539:
6482:
6418:
6348:
6286:
6197:
6161:
6056:
6015:
5966:
5957:
5940:
5917:
5874:
5825:
5790:
5749:
5708:
5699:
5682:
5659:
5623:
5582:
5512:
5469:
5434:
5377:
5328:
5261:
5219:
5170:
5135:
4979:
4965:
4916:
4867:
4825:
4774:
4718:
4620:
4582:
4530:
4449:
4406:
4397:
4380:
4357:
4307:
4251:
4233:
4215:
4171:
4122:
4073:
4016:
3975:
3917:
3872:
3837:
3757:
3698:
3572:
3516:
3415:
3364:
3310:
3259:
3199:
3147:
3020:
2952:
2911:
2874:
Ciaccio EJ, Lewis SK, Biviano AB, Iyer V, Garan H, Green PH (August 2017).
2857:
2797:
2706:
2621:
2570:
2511:
2446:
2407:
2363:
2311:
2259:
2200:
2148:
1998:
1630:
1578:
1456:
1319:
1123:
1118:
1062:
996:
697:
612:
597:
593:
567:
339:
267:
235:
10676:
Saiz LC, Gorricho J, GarjΓ³n J, Celaya C, Erviti J, Leache L (2022-11-18).
10029:
Ashworth NL, Chad KE, Harrison EL, Reeder BA, Marshall SC (January 2005).
8789:"Dietary Salt Intake and Cardiovascular Disease: Summarizing the Evidence"
7184:
5253:
3396:
3096:
2892:
1085:
is associated with heart disease. Associations also exist for exposure to
14484:
14479:
14098:
14060:
13986:
13884:
13879:
13849:
13701:
13633:
13535:
13401:
13103:
12950:
12346:
12021:
11919:
11709:
11626:
11608:
11434:
11407:
11358:
11299:
11000:
10391:
Jee SH, Miller ER, Guallar E, Singh VK, Appel LJ, Klag MJ (August 2002).
9529:"Intensive glucose control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes"
6473:
6456:
5909:
5865:
5848:
4898:
1926:, with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis.
1634:
1530:
Overall, the current body of scientific evidence is uncertain on whether
1074:
911:
856:
792:
643:
617:
605:
601:
171:
8066:
8026:
Hajishafiee M, Saneei P, Benisi-Kohansal S, Esmaillzadeh A (July 2016).
7743:
Wang X, Ouyang Y, Liu J, Zhu M, Zhao G, Bao W, et al. (July 2014).
7326:
7059:"Many more people could benefit from blood pressure-lowering medication"
6653:
Mostofsky E, Chahal HS, Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Mittleman MA (March 2016).
6599:
Ronksley PE, Brien SE, Turner BJ, Mukamal KJ, Ghali WA (February 2011).
6506:"Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension"
4930:
Edmondson D, Kronish IM, Shaffer JA, Falzon L, Burg MM (November 2013).
14344:
13956:
13714:
13643:
13600:
13541:
13379:
12866:
12856:
12817:
12761:
12754:
12584:
12049:
11599:
10634:
Braunwald's Heart Disease E-Book: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine
10274:
Fortmann SP, Burda BU, Senger CA, Lin JS, Whitlock EP (December 2013).
8805:
8755:. If this is an intentional citation to a such a paper, please replace
8712:
7469:
6321:
5235:
4348:
3452:
3011:
2232:
1596:
1282:
is not recommended in those at low risk who do not have symptoms. Some
1162:
992:
625:
621:
382:
323:
299:
226:
164:
100:
88:
59:
11026:
9746:, American College of Chest Physicians and American Thoracic Society,
9403:
8326:
8084:
7760:
7365:
7208:"Psychosocial interventions in cardiovascular disease--what are they?"
6764:
6719:
6241:
Quek J, Lim G, Lim WH, Ng CH, So WZ, Toh J, et al. (2021-11-05).
6143:
6077:
Braunwald's heart disease : a textbook of cardiovascular medicine
4549:"Cardiovascular effects of ambient particulate air pollution exposure"
3377:
1137:
Workplace exposure to silica dust or asbestos is also associated with
803:
body size and arterial dimensions which are independent of menopause.
754:
Simultaneously, the risk of stroke doubles every decade after age 55.
531:β a disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain (includes
14384:
13932:
13546:
13005:
12620:
12361:
12297:
12253:
12236:
12231:
10031:"Home versus center based physical activity programs in older adults"
9878:
9363:
9346:
8424:
6616:
6576:
5817:
5416:
4055:
3908:
2603:
2585:
1690:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1471:
946:. Currently, airborne particles under 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM
851:
799:
cholesterol level while increasing LDL and total cholesterol levels.
777:
10193:
7619:
Ye Z, Cao Y, Miao C, Liu W, Dong L, Lv Z, et al. (2022-10-04).
6837:
5595:
5293:
Klee NS, McCarthy CG, Martinez-Quinones P, Webb RC (November 2017).
3241:
1298:, are also of unclear benefit in those without symptoms as of 2018.
642:β inflammation of the myocardium caused by pathologically activated
549:
There are also many cardiovascular diseases that involve the heart.
424:
for inflammatory heart diseases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004
14255:
13757:
13339:
12834:
12436:
12373:
12307:
12258:
11975:
11132:
10571:
Clar C, Oseni Z, Flowers N, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, Rees K (May 2015).
10077:
9879:
Seron P, Lanas F, Pardo Hernandez H, Bonfill Cosp X (August 2014).
8878:"Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease"
8581:"Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease"
8207:
Willett WC (July 2012). "Dietary fats and coronary heart disease".
7572:"Risk scoring for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease"
3488:
3428:"Understand Your Risk of Heart Attack". American Heart Association.
1555:
1331:
1158:
1154:
1131:
1098:
907:
788:
629:
525:β a disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the arms and legs
400:, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the
311:
219:
176:
67:
9822:"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease"
9437:"Fibrates for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events"
7943:
7818:
5238:"Recognizing Radiation Therapyβrelated Complications in the Chest"
4790:"Update on the NCEP ATP-III emerging cardiometabolic risk factors"
4037:
1250:
are linked to cardiovascular disease, as are a history of chronic
745:
13062:
10133:
Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
9683:
8786:
8174:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
6444:
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510
6174:
5292:
4848:
Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
3608:"Diabetes raises women's risk of heart disease more than for men"
2470:"Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults"
2420:
1584:
1546:
1086:
386:
355:
231:
184:
108:
10570:
9773:"Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease"
9016:
8168:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010).
6879:
Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I, Daeges M, Jeanne TL (November 2016).
5450:
European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation
4378:
3670:
3489:
Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J, Puska P (March 1999).
1482:
diet is associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease.
758:
women, the increase continues sharply until age 60 to 65 years.
14407:
14192:
14162:
13727:
13066:
12227:
12055:
12035:
11190:
11038:
9526:
8409:
4738:
4379:
Mackenbach JP, Cavelaars AE, Kunst AE, Groenhof F (July 2000).
3770:
1362:
1142:
1057:
532:
144:
9265:"Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease"
8252:"Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease"
7569:
7396:
6751:
Klatsky AL (May 2009). "Alcohol and cardiovascular diseases".
4673:
van Staa TP, Gulliford M, Ng ES, Goldacre B, Smeeth L (2014).
3804:"Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease"
1603:
Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
1170:, and cardiovascular disease-related incidents and mortality.
970:
thickening and increased risk of acute myocardial infarction.
14689:
13871:
13854:
13450:
13197:
10516:"Micronutrient supplementation to reduce cardiovascular risk"
9632:
8480:
7145:
6503:
5390:
5151:
International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
4929:
2583:
2524:
2074:
Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control
1693:
may make heart attacks and strokes more likely and therefore
1433:
717:
385:
can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The use of
367:
263:
63:
10843:
Ruparelia N, Chai JT, Fisher EA, Choudhury RP (March 2017).
10842:
8691:
5721:
3163:
2718:
2716:
1736:
Cardiovascular diseases deaths per million persons in 2012
1497:
does not appear to have a beneficial effect. A diet high in
1493:
appears greatest, while replacement of saturated fats with
1073:
A 2017 SBU report found evidence that workplace exposure to
712:, psychosocial factors, poverty and low educational status,
14292:
12603:
10631:
Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF (2018).
9979:"Yoga for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease"
9770:
9221:
9110:
8875:
8308:
6701:
5560:
5447:
4672:
4325:
3947:
3885:
3440:
1702:
1608:
supported for preventing secondary coronary heart disease.
1094:
389:
in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit.
10573:"Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease"
10028:
9976:
9819:
9385:
8924:
8529:
7304:
7103:
6652:
6598:
6075:
Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E (2014).
4271:
3948:
Te Morenga LA, Howatson AJ, Jones RM, Mann J (July 2014).
3441:
Mackay J, Mensah G, Mendis S, Greenland K (January 2004).
2670:
1962:
1478:; but the long-term benefits have been questioned. A high-
1049:
those who work night schedules; or have long working weeks
10758:
10314:
8823:
8578:
7902:
7016:
6793:
4641:
4470:
4184:
3721:
2713:
1267:
27:
Class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels
10808:
The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
10675:
10431:
9386:
Keene D, Price C, Shun-Shin MJ, Francis DP (July 2014).
9262:
9222:
Gutierrez J, Ramirez G, Rundek T, Sacco RL (June 2012).
8787:
Bochud M, Marques-Vidal P, Burnier M, Paccaud F (2012).
8453:
8360:
7861:
7440:
3937:(Press release). World Health Organization. 14 May 2018.
2638:
Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2010).
1365:
treatment reduces cardiovascular mortality by about 31%.
10735:"Cardiac Disease Among South Asians: A Silent Epidemic"
7517:
7506:
https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cardiovascular-disease
6552:
6439:
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510Circulation
5148:
4427:
2873:
1485:
Worldwide, dietary guidelines recommend a reduction in
1225:
can lead to these and other late side-effect symptoms.
1065:
or stroke twice as often as women during working life.
942:
has been studied for its short- and long-term exposure
10273:
6121:
5341:
4087:
Mukamal KJ, Chen CM, Rao SR, Breslow RA (March 2010).
3941:
3764:
2821:
2769:
2164:
2112:
1681:, may reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
32:"Heart condition" redirects here. For other uses, see
10390:
9927:
9813:
9734:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
9567:
9161:
8249:
7675:
7493:
https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html
7347:
6878:
6648:
6646:
6644:
5536:"NPS Prescribing Practice Review 53: Managing lipids"
4880:
4666:
4594:
4592:
4135:
4086:
3988:
3801:
3722:
Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I (June 2004).
3328:
2987:
2924:
2467:
2213:
270:. CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes:
12217:
11016:
7162:
6122:
Damen JA, Hooft L, Schuit E, Debray TP, Collins GS,
5938:
5846:
5680:
5070:"Occupational health and safety β chemical exposure"
4542:
4540:
3329:
Finegold JA, Asaria P, Francis DP (September 2013).
3109:
2379:
2275:
2070:
10630:
9881:"Exercise for people with high cardiovascular risk"
7255:
7012:
7010:
6074:
5183:
5028:"Occupational Exposures and Cardiovascular Disease"
4881:Cohen BE, Edmondson D, Kronish IM (November 2015).
4732:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
2869:
2867:
749:
Calcified heart of an older woman with cardiomegaly
11122:
10126:
9483:
6641:
6454:
5186:"Understanding radiation-induced vascular disease"
4589:
3853:Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases
3043:
2931:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
2822:Micha R, Michas G, Mozaffarian D (December 2012).
2817:
2815:
2327:
1006:
519:(coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease)
10940:
10224:
9344:
6919:
4537:
4508:
4321:
4319:
4317:
3879:
3220:
1405:unclear whether or not dental care in those with
973:
659:β heart structure malformations existing at birth
14957:
10231:Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
9718:
9684:US Preventive Services Task Force (March 2009).
9217:
9215:
7742:
7199:
7007:
6455:McTigue KM, Hess R, Ziouras J (September 2006).
5533:
5342:Belzile-Dugas E, Eisenberg MJ (September 2021).
5288:
5286:
4781:
4635:
4178:
3982:
3523:
3266:
2864:
2468:Spinks A, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB (2021-12-09).
2380:McGill HC, McMahan CA, Gidding SS (March 2008).
812:almost as low a risk of death as never smokers.
604:. The structures most commonly involved are the
10472:
9316:"Statins in primary cardiovascular prevention?"
7348:Marshall IJ, Wolfe CD, McKevitt C (July 2012).
6303:Gan ZH, Cheong HC, Tu YK, Kuo PH (2021-11-05).
5097:
4080:
2812:
2276:Jackson CL, Redline S, Emmons KM (March 2015).
10473:Kwak SM, Myung SK, Lee YJ, Seo HG (May 2012).
8782:
8780:
8356:
8354:
6364:
6302:
5493:Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease
5490:
5299:Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease
5184:Weintraub NL, Jones WK, Manka D (March 2010).
4598:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4421:
4314:
3844:
3592:. World Heart Federation. 2012. Archived from
2876:"Cardiovascular involvement in celiac disease"
14675:
14360:
13687:
12989:
12203:
11108:
10726:
10520:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
10356:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
9639:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
9212:
6219:
6217:
6215:
5602:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
5335:
5283:
5231:
5229:
5190:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
5177:
4093:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
3170:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
925:
10349:
10175:
8685:
8118:
7618:
6240:
4787:
4265:
3888:Journal of the American Dietetic Association
3536:
2973:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2749:. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
2646:. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
2375:
2373:
2214:Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM (2021-11-28).
1590:United States Preventive Services Task Force
1034:
10682:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
10626:
10624:
10577:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
10513:
10084:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
10035:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9986:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9885:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9826:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9777:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9441:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9272:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9168:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
8882:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
8777:
8627:
8585:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
8487:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
8351:
8256:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
7987:"DASH Diet: time for a critical appraisal?"
7791:
7736:
7625:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
7576:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
7527:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
7205:
6922:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6510:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5098:Jan M, Ebert BL, Jaiswal S (January 2017).
4546:
4495:
4477:. World Health Organization. pp. 26β.
3989:Howard BV, Wylie-Rosett, J (Jul 23, 2002).
3808:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3324:
3322:
3320:
3272:
2744:
2474:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2160:
2158:
1153:As of 2017, evidence suggests that certain
837:Saturated fat Β§ Cardiovascular disease
404:, while rates have declined in most of the
14682:
14668:
14367:
14353:
13694:
13680:
12996:
12982:
12783:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
12210:
12196:
11425:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
11115:
11101:
10425:
10127:Bhupathiraju SN, Tucker KL (August 2011).
8769:|...|intentional=yes}}
7909:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
7390:
6212:
6107:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5756:
5226:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5052:
4188:Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health
3954:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
3929:
3927:
3850:
3777:. World Health Organization. pp. 3β.
3771:World Health Organization, UNAIDS (2007).
3112:"Genetics of human cardiovascular disease"
3050:. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp.
3035:
2981:
2724:"WHO Disease and injury country estimates"
2633:
2631:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
1193:. Symptoms are dose-dependent and include
562:β diseases of the heart secondary to high
50:
10988:WHO fact sheet on cardiovascular diseases
10917:
10891:
10868:
10819:
10709:
10596:
10531:
10490:
10449:
10408:
10367:
10291:
10242:
10201:
10152:
10103:
10054:
10005:
9953:
9904:
9855:
9837:
9796:
9701:
9660:
9650:
9544:
9460:
9411:
9362:
9291:
9239:
9195:
9138:
9128:
8950:
8901:
8849:
8817:
8804:
8604:
8555:
8506:
8403:
8378:
8334:
8285:
8267:
8200:
8144:
8092:
8043:
8002:
7961:
7920:
7879:
7768:
7719:
7701:
7652:
7595:
7546:
7468:
7458:
7373:
7281:
7215:European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
7129:
7034:
6993:"Physical activity guidelines for adults"
6896:
6855:
6727:
6678:
6624:
6575:
6529:
6472:
6408:
6390:
6338:
6320:
6276:
6258:
6151:
6046:
6005:
5956:
5864:
5780:
5739:
5698:
5613:
5424:
5367:
5318:
5209:
5125:
5115:
4955:
4906:
4815:
4805:
4764:
4708:
4698:
4572:
4464:
4396:
4347:
4297:
4241:
4161:
4112:
4063:
4006:
3965:
3907:
3827:
3747:
3688:
3562:
3506:
3405:
3395:
3354:
3300:
3290:
3249:
3181:
3137:
3127:
3110:Kathiresan S, Srivastava D (March 2012).
3046:Current medical diagnosis & treatment
3010:
2942:
2918:
2901:
2891:
2847:
2787:
2696:
2611:
2560:
2550:
2501:
2397:
2370:
2353:
2301:
2271:
2269:
2249:
2231:
2190:
2138:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1988:
665:β heart muscles and valves damage due to
14712:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
14374:
10637:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 15.
10621:
10384:
10293:10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00729
9568:Berger JS, Lala A, Krantz MJ, Baker GS,
9063:
8302:
8060:
5384:
4845:
4209:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3317:
2640:"Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease"
2294:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838
2155:
1958:
1956:
1801:
1731:
1424:Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
1232:
1191:radiation-induced cardiovascular disease
1068:
1019:
744:
416:
10801:
9703:10.7326/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-00008
9059:
9057:
8871:
8869:
8621:
8206:
6753:Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
6750:
6028:
5782:10.7326/0003-4819-157-7-201210020-00514
5049:
3924:
2628:
2334:Annals of the American Thoracic Society
2071:Shanthi M, Pekka P, Norrving B (2011).
1525:
1217:. Radiation-induced fibrosis, vascular
14:
14958:
11159:Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
9766:
9764:
8114:
8112:
5895:
3584:
3582:
3384:International Journal of Endocrinology
3041:
2738:
2323:
2321:
2266:
2101:
2005:
1669:supplementation is beneficial. A 2022
1624:
815:
14663:
14348:
13675:
12977:
12555:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
12191:
11096:
10350:Lavigne PM, Karas RH (January 2013).
10329:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.023
9345:Downs JR, O'Malley PG (August 2015).
7984:
7206:Thompson DR, Ski CF (December 2013).
6360:
6358:
6298:
6296:
6236:
6234:
6070:
6068:
6066:
5762:
5527:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5004:
3590:"Cardiovascular disease risk factors"
3469:
3444:The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke
3159:
3157:
3074:
1953:
1903:to raise awareness about this issue.
1003:is also linked to an increased risk.
600:of the inner layer of the heart, the
13268:Infant respiratory distress syndrome
12560:Generalized essential telangiectasia
11483:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
9750:from the original on 3 November 2013
9726:American College of Chest Physicians
9614:from the original on 10 January 2015
9054:
8866:
7177:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440070065008
6247:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
5803:
4788:Eckel RH, Cornier MA (August 2014).
4547:Sun Q, Hong X, Wold LE (June 2010).
3774:Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
1611:
1179:Radiation treatments (RT) for cancer
1173:
1148:
857:is associated with an increased risk
187:, excessive drug use, and excessive
14809:Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease
9761:
8109:
7868:The New England Journal of Medicine
6556:International Journal of Cardiology
5898:Nature Clinical Practice. Neurology
5853:The New England Journal of Medicine
5563:International Journal of Cardiology
3791:from the original on 27 April 2016.
3579:
3335:International Journal of Cardiology
2318:
1346:associated with lower rates of CVD.
1292:high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
1243:arteries of youths aged 7β9 years.
1026:Occupational cardiovascular disease
985:high sensitivity C-reactive protein
958:. Other research has implicated PM
24:
13273:Transient tachypnea of the newborn
11779:Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
10892:Tang WH, Hazen SL (January 2017).
7412:10.1097/01.hjh.0000199800.72563.26
7262:The American Journal of Cardiology
6355:
6293:
6231:
6063:
5462:10.1097/01.hjr.0000214611.91490.5e
5117:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2016.10.002
5001:
4642:World Health Organization (2007).
4471:World Health Organization (2008).
4185:World Health Organization (2011).
4008:10.1161/01.cir.0000019552.77778.04
3154:
1228:
869:Alcohol and cardiovascular disease
25:
14982:
13051:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
10981:
10659:"What is Cardiovascular Disease?"
10451:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.178233
8628:He FJ, MacGregor GA (July 2011).
8119:Lichtenstein AH (November 2019).
7447:Journal of Psychosomatic Research
6857:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583195
6671:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019743
5534:NPS Medicinewise (1 March 2011).
4757:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192278
4565:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.893461
3690:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20628
3618:from the original on May 23, 2014
3292:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022547
3273:MacRae CA, Vasan RS (June 2016).
3262:– via University of Dundee.
2745:Fuster V, Kelly BB, eds. (2010).
2689:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004042
2399:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.717033
1350:reduction in cardiovascular risk.
944:effects on cardiovascular disease
877:
690:non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
13569:Vertically transmitted infection
12710:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
10934:
10885:
10836:
10821:10.1308/003588413X13643054409261
10795:
10752:
10669:
10651:
10564:
10507:
10466:
10397:American Journal of Hypertension
10343:
10308:
10267:
10218:
10169:
10120:
10071:
10022:
9970:
9921:
9872:
9677:
9626:
9600:
9561:
9520:
9477:
9428:
9379:
9338:
9308:
9256:
9155:
9104:
9010:
8967:
8918:
8813:from the original on 2013-12-21.
8572:
8523:
8474:
8447:
8243:
8221:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02553.x
8161:
8032:The British Journal of Nutrition
8019:
7991:American Journal of Hypertension
7978:
7937:
7896:
7855:
7851:from the original on 2013-12-20.
7825:The American Journal of Medicine
7812:
7785:
7669:
7612:
7563:
7511:
7498:
7485:
7460:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.02.012
7434:
7341:
7307:The American Journal of Medicine
7298:
7249:
7156:
7144:
7097:
7076:
7051:
7003:from the original on 2017-02-19.
6985:
6981:from the original on 2017-03-13.
6963:
6913:
6872:
6831:
6787:
6744:
6695:
6592:
6546:
6497:
6448:
6425:
6079:(Tenth ed.). Philadelphia.
4887:American Journal of Hypertension
4831:
4724:
4662:from the original on 2016-05-06.
4491:from the original on 2016-05-01.
4205:from the original on 2016-05-07.
3537:Jani B, Rajkumar C (June 2006).
2789:10.1002/j.1875-9114.2011.01087.x
2660:from the original on 2017-09-08.
2642:. In Fuster V, Kelly BB (eds.).
2097:from the original on 2014-08-17.
934:
392:Cardiovascular diseases are the
34:Heart condition (disambiguation)
13661:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
13611:Group B streptococcal infection
13179:Intrauterine growth restriction
11464:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
10741:from the original on 2015-05-18
10732:
10244:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004224
9241:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2145
6365:Benatar JR, Stewart RA (2018).
6227:. NHS Direct. 28 November 2019.
6178:Current Atherosclerosis Reports
6168:
6115:
6022:
5973:
5932:
5889:
5840:
5797:
5715:
5674:
5630:
5589:
5554:
5484:
5441:
5142:
5091:
5038:from the original on 2017-06-14
4990:from the original on 2016-05-15
4972:
4923:
4874:
4839:
4372:
4129:
4031:
3795:
3715:
3705:
3664:
3630:
3600:
3434:
3422:
3371:
3214:
3103:
3068:
2828:Current Atherosclerosis Reports
2763:
2664:
2577:
2518:
2461:
2414:
1727:
1509:The benefits of recommending a
1428:Salt and cardiovascular disease
1187:radiation-induced heart disease
1007:Depression and traumatic stress
841:Salt and cardiovascular disease
772:Cardiovascular disease in women
683:
677:group A streptococcal infection
587:β abnormalities of heart rhythm
262:) is any disease involving the
13004:Conditions originating in the
12661:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
11012:Interactive CV Risk Calculator
10694:10.1002/14651858.CD010315.pub5
10589:10.1002/14651858.CD005050.pub3
10492:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.262
10096:10.1002/14651858.CD011114.pub2
10047:10.1002/14651858.cd004017.pub2
9998:10.1002/14651858.CD010072.pub2
9897:10.1002/14651858.CD009387.pub2
9839:10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub4
9789:10.1002/14651858.CD003610.pub4
9453:10.1002/14651858.CD009753.pub2
9284:10.1002/14651858.CD004816.pub5
9180:10.1002/14651858.CD011851.pub3
8894:10.1002/14651858.CD013496.pub2
8597:10.1002/14651858.CD009217.pub3
8499:10.1002/14651858.CD003177.pub5
8269:10.1002/14651858.CD011737.pub3
8004:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.10.006
7637:10.1002/14651858.CD009197.pub5
7588:10.1002/14651858.CD006887.pub4
7539:10.1002/14651858.CD011163.pub2
6949:10.1002/14651858.CD003041.pub3
6930:10.1002/14651858.CD003041.pub2
6522:10.1002/14651858.CD008274.pub4
4523:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.10.030
3820:10.1002/14651858.CD011737.pub3
2486:10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub5
2346:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201609-662OC
2282:Annual Review of Public Health
2207:
1939:
1719:coronary artery bypass surgery
1052:those who are exposed to noise
974:Cardiovascular risk assessment
13:
1:
13353:Vitamin K deficiency bleeding
12473:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
12327:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
11981:Pulseless electrical activity
11910:Multifocal atrial tachycardia
11784:Catecholaminergic polymorphic
10773:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60598-x
10479:Archives of Internal Medicine
10410:10.1016/S0895-7061(02)02964-3
9946:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
9498:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60794-7
9228:Archives of Internal Medicine
9082:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14739-3
8988:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61212-5
8734:(This paper currently has an
8649:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61174-4
7274:10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.04.022
7165:Archives of Internal Medicine
7122:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00590-0
7036:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8
5652:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)12131-1
4648:. World Health Organization.
4340:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61851-0
4191:. World Health Organization.
4154:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31772-0
3003:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9
2439:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30506-2
2183:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
2131:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
1932:
1684:
1633:is beneficial, the effect of
1537:
1309:
1113:and occupational exposure to
1014:posttraumatic stress disorder
989:ankleβbrachial pressure index
704:), raised blood cholesterol (
422:Disability-adjusted life year
14580:Obstetric labor complication
13512:Periventricular leukomalacia
13330:Persistent fetal circulation
13278:Meconium aspiration syndrome
12778:Chronic venous insufficiency
12403:Aortoiliac occlusive disease
11003:Slides, photos, descriptions
10737:. Indian Heart Association.
9326:(195): 183. JulyβAugust 2018
9130:10.1161/HYP.0000000000000003
9064:Turnbull F (November 2003).
9032:10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834000be
8548:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.5205
8380:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510
8209:Journal of Internal Medicine
7837:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.04.024
7703:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595
7319:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.04.004
6568:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.026
6392:10.1371/journal.pone.0209086
6048:10.1373/clinchem.2012.182287
5741:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000025
5575:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.003
5163:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.05.034
4700:10.1371/journal.pone.0106455
4290:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000444
3865:10.1016/j.numecd.2008.02.005
3543:Postgraduate Medical Journal
3539:"Ageing and vascular ageing"
3347:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.10.046
2944:10.1161/ATV.0000000000000153
2591:Health Technology Assessment
2552:10.1371/journal.pone.0081970
1981:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad
1520:left ventricular hypertrophy
1276:myocardial perfusion imaging
1261:
590:Inflammatory heart diseases
556:β diseases of cardiac muscle
7:
14322:superior vena cava syndrome
13421:Intraventricular hemorrhage
12793:Inferior vena cava syndrome
12788:Superior vena cava syndrome
12515:Vertebral artery dissection
12505:Intracranial berry aneurysm
10280:Annals of Internal Medicine
9690:Annals of Internal Medicine
9351:Annals of Internal Medicine
8943:10.1136/bmj.39548.738368.BE
8842:10.1136/bmj.39147.604896.55
8413:Annals of Internal Medicine
7881:10.1056/NEJM200101043440101
5806:Annals of Internal Medicine
5769:Annals of Internal Medicine
3740:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE
2880:World Journal of Cardiology
1906:
1451:Evidence suggests that the
731:
523:Peripheral arterial disease
10:
14987:
14575:Complications of pregnancy
13426:Germinal matrix hemorrhage
13416:Velamentous cord insertion
13307:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
12894:Hypertensive heart disease
12545:Arteriovenous malformation
12520:Familial aortic dissection
11925:Wandering atrial pacemaker
11472:non-infective endocarditis
11413:Endocardial fibroelastosis
10943:Nature Reviews. Cardiology
10898:Nature Reviews. Cardiology
10849:Nature Reviews. Cardiology
10533:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.048
10369:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.030
9652:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010
7963:10.2337/diacare.28.12.2823
6971:"Chapter 4: Active Adults"
6126:, et al. (May 2016).
6029:Saenger AK (August 2012).
5615:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.050
5202:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.053
4430:Nature Reviews. Cardiology
4105:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.056
3900:10.1016/j.jada.2009.12.024
3650:10.3310/nihrevidence_60660
3183:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.071
3129:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.001
1949:. Mayo Clinic. 2022-08-25.
1910:
1562:, while they may increase
1417:
1023:
995:, white blood cell count,
926:Socioeconomic disadvantage
904:sleep-disordered breathing
866:
862:
834:
819:
806:
769:
560:Hypertensive heart disease
288:hypertensive heart disease
153:hypertensive heart disease
31:
14966:Aging-associated diseases
14699:
14639:
14621:Connective tissue disease
14606:
14593:
14570:
14542:
14524:
14511:
14493:
14470:
14457:
14444:
14416:
14398:
14380:
14291:
14235:radial artery sufficiency
14191:
14182:
14130:
14097:
14058:
14015:
14006:
13967:
13920:
13870:
13743:
13713:
13626:
13561:
13520:
13497:
13469:
13456:Necrotizing enterocolitis
13441:
13338:
13315:
13253:
13246:
13187:
13165:Large for gestational age
13161:Small for gestational age
13153:
13117:
13085:
13059:
13027:
13016:
12949:
12919:Renovascular hypertension
12884:
12875:
12862:Hepatic artery thrombosis
12810:
12770:
12725:
12629:
12611:
12602:
12570:
12530:
12510:Carotid artery dissection
12463:Abdominal aortic aneurysm
12435:
12395:
12372:
12313:Intermittent claudication
12283:
12276:Peripheral artery disease
12274:
12244:
12226:
12142:
12085:
12003:hexaxial reference system
11994:
11961:
11948:Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
11933:
11891:
11850:
11827:
11801:
11769:
11727:
11708:
11607:
11593:
11493:
11478:LibmanβSacks endocarditis
11447:
11433:
11349:
11298:
11291:
11228:
11183:
11140:
11131:
11020:
10955:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.209
10910:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.216
10861:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.185
10802:Alberti FB (2013-05-01).
10145:10.1016/j.cca.2011.04.038
9730:American Thoracic Society
9586:10.1016/j.ahj.2011.04.006
9546:10.1007/s00125-009-1470-0
8045:10.1017/S0007114516001938
7794:American Family Physician
7682:Environment International
6225:"Heart AttackβPrevention"
6190:10.1007/s11883-009-0072-0
5992:(Supplement 5): S213-56.
5763:Moyer VA (October 2012).
4948:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.07.031
4860:10.1016/j.cca.2016.07.020
4442:10.1038/nrcardio.2009.163
2840:10.1007/s11883-012-0282-8
2728:World Health Organization
1439:A 2021 review found that
1413:
1215:peripheral artery disease
1056:Specifically the risk of
1035:Non-chemical risk factors
785:World Health Organization
320:peripheral artery disease
249:17.9 million / 32% (2015)
245:
225:
206:
195:
170:
136:
128:
118:
94:
82:
58:
49:
44:
14883:Motor vehicle collisions
14611:Musculoskeletal disorder
14534:Gastrointestinal disease
13845:Pericardial friction rub
12904:Hypertensive nephropathy
12717:Post-thrombotic syndrome
12698:PagetβSchroetter disease
12490:Coronary artery aneurysm
12468:Thoracic aortic aneurysm
11883:Ventricular fibrillation
11154:Coronary artery aneurysm
9072:(Submitted manuscript).
7227:10.1177/2047487313494031
6260:10.3389/fcvm.2021.756810
5505:10.1177/1753944709354305
5311:10.1177/1753944717729141
4807:10.1186/1741-7015-12-115
3555:10.1136/pgmj.2005.036053
3508:10.1161/01.cir.99.9.1165
3089:10.1161/01.CIR.96.9.3248
1897:Indian Heart Association
1617:cardiovascular disease.
1571:Anti-diabetic medication
902:Sleep disorders such as
893:
657:Congenital heart disease
640:Eosinophilic myocarditis
412:
338:. This may be caused by
304:congenital heart disease
272:coronary artery diseases
141:Coronary artery diseases
14971:Cardiovascular diseases
14281:NicoladoniβBranham sign
13945:Jugular venous pressure
13807:Pulmonary insufficiency
13618:Neonatal conjunctivitis
13109:Single umbilical artery
13099:Umbilical cord prolapse
13046:Placental insufficiency
13019:complicating pregnancy,
12959:Orthostatic hypotension
12941:White coat hypertension
12418:Fibromuscular dysplasia
12382:Carotid artery stenosis
12160:Diastolic heart failure
12134:Athletic heart syndrome
12095:Ventricular hypertrophy
11829:Pre-excitation syndrome
11683:Left posterior fascicle
11208:Acute coronary syndrome
11148:Coronary artery disease
9741:: an initiative of the
9320:Prescrire International
9020:Journal of Hypertension
8744:10.1042/CS-20070193_EOC
8137:10.1093/advances/nmz024
7985:Logan AG (March 2007).
7400:Journal of Hypertension
6898:10.1001/jama.2015.15629
5998:10.1542/peds.2009-2107C
5360:10.1161/JAHA.121.021686
4613:10.1136/hrt.2010.214858
3967:10.3945/ajcn.113.081521
1575:relative risk reduction
1296:coronary artery calcium
1207:coronary artery disease
1139:pulmonary heart disease
830:
700:), raised blood sugar (
663:Rheumatic heart disease
579:Pulmonary heart disease
529:Cerebrovascular disease
517:Coronary artery disease
366:consumption, and poor
362:, poor diet, excessive
292:rheumatic heart disease
157:rheumatic heart disease
14732:Cardiovascular disease
14552:Female genital disease
14529:Maxillofacial disorder
14498:Cardiovascular disease
14170:Gallavardin phenomenon
14008:Cardiovascular disease
13594:ureaplasma urealyticum
13302:WilsonβMikity syndrome
13226:Brachial plexus injury
12931:Pulmonary hypertension
12914:Secondary hypertension
12909:Essential hypertension
12899:Hypertensive emergency
12740:Portacaval anastomosis
12676:Portal vein thrombosis
12318:Critical limb ischemia
12219:Cardiovascular disease
11678:Left anterior fascicle
11458:infective endocarditis
11243:Hibernating myocardium
11124:Cardiovascular disease
9574:American Heart Journal
8131:(Suppl_4): S332βS339.
6809:10.1542/peds.2006-0970
6433:Penny M. Kris-Etherton
5958:10.1001/jama.2018.8359
5700:10.1001/jama.2018.6848
5104:Seminars in Hematology
5100:"Clonal hematopoiesis"
4936:American Heart Journal
4398:10.1053/euhj.1999.1990
4385:European Heart Journal
4234:10.1542/peds.2017-4085
2730:. 2009. Archived from
1901:World Heart Federation
1887:
1799:
1280:cardiac stress testing
1239:
1203:valvular heart disease
1117:. Working with the
765:
750:
740:
672:Streptococcus pyogenes
652:Valvular heart disease
620:β inflammation of the
505:
398:Deaths, at a given age
394:leading cause of death
360:high blood cholesterol
324:thromboembolic disease
308:valvular heart disease
256:Cardiovascular disease
45:Cardiovascular disease
14910:Risky sexual behavior
14694:of medical conditions
14475:Neurological disorder
14275:arteriovenous fistula
14089:BrachtβWachter bodies
13542:Congenital hypertonia
13433:Anemia of prematurity
13141:Shoulder presentation
12936:Systolic hypertension
12681:Renal vein thrombosis
12540:Arteriovenous fistula
12532:Vascular malformation
12500:Intracranial aneurysm
12387:Renal artery stenosis
11842:WolffβParkinsonβWhite
11802:Premature contraction
11700:AdamsβStokes syndrome
11403:Loeffler endocarditis
11213:Myocardial infarction
10804:"John Hunter's Heart"
8793:Public Health Reviews
8767:expression of concern
8761:|...}}
8759:expression of concern
8736:expression of concern
8125:Advances in Nutrition
6943:(Retracted, see
5254:10.1148/rg.2019180061
2893:10.4330/wjc.v9.i8.652
1899:are working with the
1805:
1735:
1695:influenza vaccination
1446:observational studies
1256:hypercholesterolaemia
1236:
1069:Chemical risk factors
1020:Occupational exposure
1001:High blood phosphorus
867:Further information:
835:Further information:
820:Further information:
748:
539:Renal artery stenosis
420:
113:loss of consciousness
14900:Periodontal diseases
14616:Soft tissue disorder
14562:Male genital disease
14375:Major Disease groups
14112:Pericardial effusion
14017:Aortic insufficiency
13830:Mitral insufficiency
13812:Graham Steell murmur
13547:Congenital hypotonia
13461:Meconium peritonitis
13263:Intrauterine hypoxia
13219:Subgaleal hemorrhage
12850:Paradoxical embolism
12845:Cholesterol embolism
12671:MayβThurner syndrome
12666:BuddβChiari syndrome
12649:Deep vein thrombosis
12644:primarily lower limb
12423:Raynaud's phenomenon
12009:Right axis deviation
11971:Sudden cardiac death
11329:Pericardial effusion
11272:Ventricular aneurysm
7922:10.1093/ajcn/74.1.80
7116:(10285): 1625β1636.
6474:10.1038/oby.2006.171
5910:10.1038/ncpneuro0324
5866:10.1056/NEJMoa055373
5026:(SBU) (2015-08-26).
4148:(10183): 1831β1842.
2177:(10053): 1459β1544.
1715:coronary angioplasty
1532:intermittent fasting
1526:Intermittent fasting
1491:polyunsaturated fats
1288:Ankle-brachial index
1168:clonal hematopoiesis
585:Cardiac dysrhythmias
14644:Congenital disorder
14585:Postpartum disorder
14516:Respiratory disease
14449:Hematologic disease
14045:Austin Flint murmur
13824:Carey Coombs murmur
13656:Neonatal withdrawal
13639:Perinatal mortality
13489:Sclerema neonatorum
13345:hematologic disease
12926:Benign hypertension
12014:Left axis deviation
11871:Atrial fibrillation
11866:Ventricular flutter
11789:Torsades de pointes
11663:Bundle branch block
11622:Sick sinus syndrome
11408:Cardiac amyloidosis
11393:Tachycardia-induced
11248:Myocardial stunning
11196:Prinzmetal's angina
11165:Coronary thrombosis
10139:(17β18): 1493β514.
7694:2021EnInt.15406595P
6383:2018PLoSO..1309086B
5409:2013NatMa..12..576B
4691:2014PLoSO...9j6455V
4511:Thrombosis Research
3397:10.1155/2015/912047
2543:2013PLoSO...881970S
1924:biomedical research
1675:dietary supplements
1659:torsades de pointes
1625:Dietary supplements
1504:omega-3 fatty acids
1386:myocardial ischemia
1382:psychosocial stress
1199:myocardial fibrosis
1111:metalworking fluids
822:Sedentary lifestyle
816:Physical inactivity
502: More than 770
340:high blood pressure
212:high blood pressure
105:shortness of breath
14866:Metabolic syndrome
14431:Metabolic disorder
14316:Trendelenburg test
14249:pseudohypertension
14227:Right heart strain
14221:pulmonary embolism
13836:Presystolic murmur
13707:circulatory system
13703:Signs and symptoms
13589:mycoplasma hominis
13574:Neonatal infection
13530:Gray baby syndrome
13507:Perinatal asphyxia
13397:Hyperbilirubinemia
13174:Postterm pregnancy
13021:labour or delivery
12840:Pulmonary embolism
12750:Esophageal varices
12688:upper limb / torso
12332:Arteriolosclerosis
12117:Atrial enlargement
11915:Pacemaker syndrome
11837:LownβGanongβLevine
11759:Junctional ectopic
11754:AV nodal reentrant
11260:Myocardial rupture
11170:Coronary vasospasm
9732:(September 2013),
8806:10.1007/BF03391649
8713:10.1042/CS20070193
7029:(10022): 957β967.
6322:10.3390/nu13113952
6035:Clinical Chemistry
4899:10.1093/ajh/hpv047
2233:10.3390/nu13124305
1888:
1800:
1667:omega-3 fatty acid
1476:metabolic syndrome
1453:Mediterranean diet
1390:Takotsubo syndrome
1324:Mediterranean diet
1240:
966:is also linked to
940:Particulate matter
914:or other chronic
751:
506:
436: Less than 70
14953:
14952:
14940:Teenage pregnancy
14826:Domestic violence
14821:Diabetes mellitus
14657:
14656:
14503:Lymphatic disease
14421:Endocrine disease
14390:Parasitic disease
14342:
14341:
14338:
14337:
14301:Friedreich's sign
14208:Cardarelli's sign
14178:
14177:
14108:Cardiac tamponade
13900:Pulsus bisferiens
13790:Functional murmur
13669:
13668:
13557:
13556:
13407:Neonatal jaundice
13325:Pneumopericardium
13295:Pneumomediastinum
13236:Klumpke paralysis
13214:Caput succedaneum
13149:
13148:
13017:Maternal factors
12971:
12970:
12967:
12966:
12811:Arteries or veins
12806:
12805:
12631:Venous thrombosis
12598:
12597:
12580:Cherry hemangioma
12480:Aortic dissection
12431:
12430:
12266:Buerger's disease
12185:
12184:
12177:Obstructive shock
12081:
12080:
12028:Short QT syndrome
11995:Other / ungrouped
11986:Sinoatrial arrest
11901:Ectopic pacemaker
11797:
11796:
11617:Sinus bradycardia
11589:
11588:
11585:
11584:
11334:Cardiac tamponade
11287:
11286:
11277:Dressler syndrome
11175:Myocardial bridge
11090:
11089:
10767:(9873): 1211β22.
10644:978-0-323-55593-7
10526:(24): 2269β2285.
9645:(10): e177βe232.
9492:(9933): 2008β17.
9404:10.1136/bmj.g4379
9076:(9395): 1527β35.
8982:(9943): 591β598.
8327:10.1136/bmj.h3978
8181:978-92-5-106733-8
8085:10.1136/bmj.e8707
7761:10.1136/bmj.g4490
7366:10.1136/bmj.e3953
7063:medicalxpress.com
6891:(19): 2008β2024.
6765:10.1586/erc.09.22
6720:10.1136/bmj.g4164
6144:10.1136/bmj.i2416
6086:978-1-4557-5133-4
5693:(22): 2308β2314.
5196:(12): 1237β1239.
4655:978-92-4-154717-8
4484:978-92-4-156370-3
4284:(18): e367βe386.
4198:978-92-4-156415-1
3784:978-92-4-154726-0
3462:978-92-4-156276-8
3236:(10): 1121β1130.
3176:(20): 2517β2530.
3061:978-0-07-176372-1
3042:McPhee S (2012).
2756:978-0-309-14774-3
2653:978-0-309-14774-3
2433:(10046): 761β75.
2087:978-92-4-156437-3
1796: 5,272β10233
1790: 3,204β5,271
1784: 2,625β3,203
1778: 2,099β2,624
1772: 1,803β2,098
1766: 1,450β1,802
1760: 1,295β1,449
1754: 1,149β1,294
1661:who present with
1637:supplementation (
1612:Physical activity
1499:trans fatty acids
1461:cholesterol level
1441:plant-based diets
1248:diabetes mellitus
1174:Radiation therapy
1149:Somatic mutations
1103:carbon disulphide
726:coronary arteries
702:diabetes mellitus
634:white blood cells
510:vascular diseases
348:diabetes mellitus
328:venous thrombosis
253:
252:
216:high blood lipids
183:, excess weight,
181:high blood lipids
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
14978:
14871:Mental disorders
14684:
14677:
14670:
14661:
14660:
14547:Urologic disease
14369:
14362:
14355:
14346:
14345:
14328:Pemberton's sign
14189:
14188:
14184:Vascular disease
14030:De Musset's sign
14025:Collapsing pulse
14013:
14012:
13912:Pulsus alternans
13905:Pulsus bigeminus
13890:Pulsus paradoxus
13705:relating to the
13696:
13689:
13682:
13673:
13672:
13649:Infant mortality
13484:Erythema toxicum
13476:thermoregulation
13443:Gastrointestinal
13251:
13250:
13247:Affected systems
13124:
13092:
13077:Chorioamnionitis
13070:
13041:Placenta praevia
13034:
13025:
13024:
12998:
12991:
12984:
12975:
12974:
12882:
12881:
12693:Mondor's disease
12636:Thrombophlebitis
12609:
12608:
12285:Arteriosclerosis
12281:
12280:
12242:
12241:
12212:
12205:
12198:
12189:
12188:
12150:Cardiac fibrosis
12042:T wave alternans
11935:Long QT syndrome
11729:Supraventricular
11725:
11724:
11658:Intraventricular
11605:
11604:
11445:
11444:
11296:
11295:
11141:Coronary disease
11138:
11137:
11117:
11110:
11103:
11094:
11093:
11018:
11017:
10975:
10974:
10938:
10932:
10931:
10921:
10889:
10883:
10882:
10872:
10840:
10834:
10833:
10823:
10799:
10793:
10792:
10756:
10750:
10749:
10747:
10746:
10730:
10724:
10723:
10713:
10688:(11): CD010315.
10673:
10667:
10666:
10655:
10649:
10648:
10628:
10619:
10618:
10600:
10568:
10562:
10561:
10535:
10511:
10505:
10504:
10494:
10470:
10464:
10463:
10453:
10444:(10): e385-484.
10429:
10423:
10422:
10412:
10388:
10382:
10381:
10371:
10347:
10341:
10340:
10312:
10306:
10305:
10295:
10271:
10265:
10264:
10246:
10222:
10216:
10215:
10205:
10173:
10167:
10166:
10156:
10124:
10118:
10117:
10107:
10075:
10069:
10068:
10058:
10026:
10020:
10019:
10009:
9983:
9974:
9968:
9967:
9957:
9940:(9838): 219β29.
9925:
9919:
9918:
9908:
9876:
9870:
9869:
9859:
9841:
9832:(11): CD001800.
9817:
9811:
9810:
9800:
9768:
9759:
9758:
9757:
9755:
9722:
9716:
9715:
9705:
9681:
9675:
9674:
9664:
9654:
9630:
9624:
9623:
9621:
9619:
9604:
9598:
9597:
9580:(1): 115β24.e2.
9565:
9559:
9558:
9548:
9524:
9518:
9517:
9481:
9475:
9474:
9464:
9432:
9426:
9425:
9415:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9366:
9364:10.7326/m15-0840
9342:
9336:
9335:
9333:
9331:
9312:
9306:
9305:
9295:
9269:
9260:
9254:
9253:
9243:
9219:
9210:
9209:
9199:
9159:
9153:
9152:
9142:
9132:
9108:
9102:
9101:
9061:
9052:
9051:
9014:
9008:
9007:
8971:
8965:
8964:
8954:
8937:(7653): 1121β3.
8922:
8916:
8915:
8905:
8873:
8864:
8863:
8853:
8821:
8815:
8814:
8808:
8784:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8770:
8762:
8732:
8701:Clinical Science
8698:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8679:
8673:
8667:. Archived from
8634:
8625:
8619:
8618:
8608:
8591:(12): CD009217.
8576:
8570:
8569:
8559:
8527:
8521:
8520:
8510:
8478:
8472:
8471:
8456:Federal Register
8451:
8445:
8444:
8425:10.7326/M13-1788
8407:
8401:
8400:
8382:
8358:
8349:
8348:
8338:
8321:(h3978): h3978.
8306:
8300:
8299:
8289:
8271:
8247:
8241:
8240:
8204:
8198:
8197:
8192:. Archived from
8165:
8159:
8158:
8148:
8116:
8107:
8106:
8096:
8064:
8058:
8057:
8047:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8006:
7982:
7976:
7975:
7965:
7941:
7935:
7934:
7924:
7900:
7894:
7893:
7883:
7859:
7853:
7852:
7831:(9): 841β51.e2.
7816:
7810:
7809:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7772:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7723:
7705:
7673:
7667:
7666:
7656:
7631:(10): CD009197.
7616:
7610:
7609:
7599:
7567:
7561:
7560:
7550:
7524:
7515:
7509:
7502:
7496:
7489:
7483:
7482:
7472:
7462:
7438:
7432:
7431:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7377:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7302:
7296:
7295:
7285:
7253:
7247:
7246:
7212:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7160:
7154:
7149:Available under
7148:
7143:
7133:
7101:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7055:
7049:
7048:
7038:
7014:
7005:
7004:
6989:
6983:
6982:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6941:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6900:
6876:
6870:
6869:
6859:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6731:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6682:
6650:
6639:
6638:
6628:
6617:10.1136/bmj.d671
6596:
6590:
6589:
6579:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6533:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6476:
6452:
6446:
6441:2017;136:e1βe23,
6429:
6423:
6422:
6412:
6394:
6377:(12): e0209086.
6362:
6353:
6352:
6342:
6324:
6300:
6291:
6290:
6280:
6262:
6238:
6229:
6228:
6221:
6210:
6209:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6155:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6106:
6098:
6072:
6061:
6060:
6050:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6009:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5960:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5868:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5818:10.7326/M14-1225
5801:
5795:
5794:
5784:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5743:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5702:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5646:(9179): 617β21.
5634:
5628:
5627:
5617:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5542:on 19 March 2011
5538:. Archived from
5531:
5525:
5524:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5428:
5417:10.1038/nmat3627
5397:Nature Materials
5388:
5382:
5381:
5371:
5348:J Am Heart Assoc
5339:
5333:
5332:
5322:
5290:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5233:
5224:
5223:
5213:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5129:
5119:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5076:. Archived from
5062:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5020:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4959:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4910:
4893:(11): 1295β302.
4878:
4872:
4871:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4829:
4819:
4809:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4768:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4712:
4702:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4596:
4587:
4586:
4576:
4544:
4535:
4534:
4506:
4493:
4492:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4400:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4351:
4334:(9866): 585β97.
4323:
4312:
4311:
4301:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4245:
4228:(1): e20174085.
4213:
4207:
4206:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4165:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4067:
4056:10.1136/bmj.j909
4035:
4029:
4028:
4010:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3969:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3911:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3831:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3751:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3692:
3683:(7): 1427β1438.
3668:
3662:
3661:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3614:. May 22, 2014.
3604:
3598:
3597:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3566:
3534:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3486:
3467:
3466:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3409:
3399:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3358:
3326:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3294:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3227:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3185:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3131:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3049:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3014:
2997:(9438): 937β52.
2985:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2964:
2946:
2937:(6): e168βe185.
2922:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2895:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2791:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2615:
2604:10.3310/hta17430
2581:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2480:(12): CD000023.
2465:
2459:
2458:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2357:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2305:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2235:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2125:(9963): 117β71.
2110:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2079:
2068:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1917:Vessel-on-a-chip
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1673:found that some
1663:long QT syndrome
1657:associated with
1420:Lipid hypothesis
1369:Stopping smoking
1336:plant-based diet
1272:echocardiography
1223:oxidative stress
1211:heart arrhythmia
888:gluten-free diet
845:Lipid hypothesis
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
465:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
429:
402:developing world
316:aortic aneurysms
54:
42:
41:
21:
14986:
14985:
14981:
14980:
14979:
14977:
14976:
14975:
14956:
14955:
14954:
14949:
14695:
14688:
14658:
14653:
14635:
14602:
14589:
14566:
14538:
14520:
14507:
14489:
14466:
14462:Mental disorder
14453:
14440:
14436:Immune disorder
14412:
14394:
14376:
14373:
14343:
14334:
14311:Kussmaul's sign
14287:
14202:aortic aneurysm
14174:
14146:Anitschkow cell
14139:rheumatic fever
14126:
14093:
14054:
14035:Duroziez's sign
14002:
13963:
13916:
13866:
13739:
13709:
13700:
13670:
13665:
13622:
13606:Neonatal sepsis
13553:
13522:Musculoskeletal
13516:
13493:
13474:
13465:
13437:
13392:Hydrops fetalis
13343:
13334:
13311:
13284:Pleural disease
13242:
13204:Cephalohematoma
13183:
13145:
13118:
13113:
13086:
13081:
13060:
13055:
13028:
13020:
13018:
13012:
13002:
12972:
12963:
12945:
12871:
12828:Microangiopathy
12823:Macroangiopathy
12802:
12766:
12735:Gastric varices
12721:
12634:
12625:
12594:
12566:
12526:
12458:Aortic aneurysm
12444:
12427:
12413:Erythromelalgia
12391:
12368:
12293:Atherosclerosis
12270:
12234:
12222:
12216:
12186:
12181:
12172:Rheumatic fever
12138:
12077:
11990:
11957:
11929:
11887:
11846:
11823:
11793:
11765:
11712:
11704:
11598:
11581:
11489:
11438:
11429:
11345:
11339:Hemopericardium
11283:
11224:
11218:Unstable angina
11191:Angina pectoris
11184:Active ischemia
11179:
11127:
11121:
11091:
11086:
11085:
11029:
11007:Risk calculator
10984:
10979:
10978:
10939:
10935:
10890:
10886:
10841:
10837:
10800:
10796:
10757:
10753:
10744:
10742:
10731:
10727:
10674:
10670:
10657:
10656:
10652:
10645:
10629:
10622:
10583:(5): CD005050.
10569:
10565:
10512:
10508:
10471:
10467:
10430:
10426:
10389:
10385:
10348:
10344:
10317:Atherosclerosis
10313:
10309:
10272:
10268:
10223:
10219:
10194:10.1136/bmj.f10
10174:
10170:
10125:
10121:
10090:(3): CD011114.
10076:
10072:
10041:(1): CD004017.
10027:
10023:
9992:(5): CD010072.
9981:
9975:
9971:
9926:
9922:
9891:(8): CD009387.
9877:
9873:
9818:
9814:
9783:(5): CD003610.
9769:
9762:
9753:
9751:
9743:ABIM Foundation
9739:Choosing Wisely
9723:
9719:
9682:
9678:
9631:
9627:
9617:
9615:
9606:
9605:
9601:
9566:
9562:
9539:(11): 2288β98.
9525:
9521:
9482:
9478:
9447:(3): CD009753.
9433:
9429:
9384:
9380:
9343:
9339:
9329:
9327:
9314:
9313:
9309:
9278:(1): CD004816.
9267:
9261:
9257:
9220:
9213:
9174:(3): CD011851.
9160:
9156:
9109:
9105:
9062:
9055:
9015:
9011:
8972:
8968:
8923:
8919:
8888:(3): CD013496.
8874:
8867:
8836:(7599): 885β8.
8822:
8818:
8785:
8778:
8764:
8756:
8754:
8733:
8696:
8690:
8686:
8677:
8675:
8671:
8643:(9789): 380β2.
8632:
8626:
8622:
8577:
8573:
8536:JAMA Cardiology
8528:
8524:
8493:(3): CD003177.
8479:
8475:
8462:(98): 23358β9.
8452:
8448:
8408:
8404:
8359:
8352:
8307:
8303:
8262:(8): CD011737.
8248:
8244:
8205:
8201:
8182:
8166:
8162:
8117:
8110:
8065:
8061:
8024:
8020:
7983:
7979:
7956:(12): 2823β31.
7942:
7938:
7901:
7897:
7860:
7856:
7817:
7813:
7790:
7786:
7741:
7737:
7674:
7670:
7617:
7613:
7582:(6): CD006887.
7568:
7564:
7533:(8): CD011163.
7522:
7516:
7512:
7503:
7499:
7490:
7486:
7439:
7435:
7395:
7391:
7346:
7342:
7303:
7299:
7254:
7250:
7210:
7204:
7200:
7161:
7157:
7102:
7098:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7081:
7077:
7067:
7065:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7015:
7008:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6969:
6968:
6964:
6942:
6924:(1): CD003041.
6918:
6914:
6877:
6873:
6850:(24): 3786β94.
6836:
6832:
6792:
6788:
6749:
6745:
6700:
6696:
6651:
6642:
6597:
6593:
6551:
6547:
6516:(2): CD008274.
6502:
6498:
6453:
6449:
6430:
6426:
6363:
6356:
6301:
6294:
6239:
6232:
6223:
6222:
6213:
6173:
6169:
6120:
6116:
6100:
6099:
6087:
6073:
6064:
6027:
6023:
5978:
5974:
5937:
5933:
5894:
5890:
5845:
5841:
5802:
5798:
5761:
5757:
5734:(15): 1303β34.
5720:
5716:
5679:
5675:
5635:
5631:
5594:
5590:
5559:
5555:
5545:
5543:
5532:
5528:
5489:
5485:
5446:
5442:
5389:
5385:
5354:(18): e021686.
5340:
5336:
5305:(11): 297β317.
5291:
5284:
5274:
5272:
5234:
5227:
5182:
5178:
5147:
5143:
5096:
5092:
5083:
5081:
5063:
5050:
5041:
5039:
5021:
5002:
4993:
4991:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4928:
4924:
4879:
4875:
4844:
4840:
4830:
4786:
4782:
4751:(17): 2408β16.
4737:
4733:
4723:
4685:(10): e106455.
4671:
4667:
4656:
4640:
4636:
4597:
4590:
4559:(25): 2755β65.
4545:
4538:
4507:
4496:
4485:
4469:
4465:
4426:
4422:
4391:(14): 1141β51.
4377:
4373:
4324:
4315:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4214:
4210:
4199:
4183:
4179:
4134:
4130:
4099:(13): 1328β35.
4085:
4081:
4036:
4032:
3987:
3983:
3946:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3925:
3884:
3880:
3849:
3845:
3814:(8): CD011737.
3800:
3796:
3785:
3769:
3765:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3706:
3669:
3665:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3549:(968): 357β62.
3535:
3524:
3487:
3470:
3463:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3423:
3376:
3372:
3327:
3318:
3271:
3267:
3242:10.1038/ng.3396
3230:Nature Genetics
3225:
3219:
3215:
3162:
3155:
3108:
3104:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3040:
3036:
2986:
2982:
2966:
2965:
2923:
2919:
2872:
2865:
2820:
2813:
2776:Pharmacotherapy
2768:
2764:
2757:
2743:
2739:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2683:(14): 1483β92.
2669:
2665:
2654:
2636:
2629:
2582:
2578:
2523:
2519:
2466:
2462:
2419:
2415:
2378:
2371:
2326:
2319:
2274:
2267:
2212:
2208:
2163:
2156:
2111:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2077:
2069:
2006:
1961:
1954:
1947:"Heart disease"
1945:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1919:
1913:Heart-on-a-chip
1909:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878: 7200β7900
1875:
1873:
1872: 6500β7200
1869:
1867:
1866: 5800β6500
1863:
1861:
1860: 5100β5800
1857:
1855:
1854: 4400β5100
1851:
1849:
1848: 3700β4400
1845:
1843:
1842: 3000β3700
1839:
1837:
1836: 2300β3000
1833:
1831:
1830: 1650β2300
1827:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748: 926β1,148
1745:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1687:
1627:
1614:
1564:HDL cholesterol
1560:CETP Inhibitors
1540:
1528:
1430:
1416:
1359:HDL cholesterol
1312:
1264:
1231:
1229:Pathophysiology
1176:
1151:
1107:carbon monoxide
1071:
1037:
1028:
1022:
1009:
976:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
937:
928:
916:sleep disorders
896:
880:
871:
865:
847:
833:
824:
818:
809:
774:
768:
743:
734:
722:atherosclerosis
708:), undiagnosed
686:
667:rheumatic fever
544:Aortic aneurysm
504:
503:
499:
497:
493:
491:
487:
485:
481:
479:
475:
473:
469:
467:
463:
461:
457:
455:
451:
449:
445:
443:
439:
437:
433:
431:
427:
415:
406:developed world
336:atherosclerosis
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14984:
14974:
14973:
14968:
14951:
14950:
14948:
14947:
14942:
14937:
14932:
14927:
14922:
14917:
14912:
14907:
14902:
14897:
14896:
14895:
14885:
14880:
14879:
14878:
14868:
14863:
14858:
14853:
14848:
14843:
14838:
14833:
14828:
14823:
14818:
14813:
14812:
14811:
14801:
14796:
14795:
14794:
14789:
14784:
14779:
14774:
14769:
14764:
14759:
14754:
14749:
14744:
14734:
14729:
14727:Binge drinking
14724:
14719:
14714:
14709:
14703:
14701:
14697:
14696:
14687:
14686:
14679:
14672:
14664:
14655:
14654:
14652:
14651:
14646:
14640:
14637:
14636:
14634:
14633:
14628:
14623:
14618:
14613:
14607:
14604:
14603:
14601:
14600:
14594:
14591:
14590:
14588:
14587:
14582:
14577:
14571:
14568:
14567:
14565:
14564:
14559:
14557:Breast disease
14554:
14549:
14543:
14540:
14539:
14537:
14536:
14531:
14525:
14522:
14521:
14519:
14518:
14512:
14509:
14508:
14506:
14505:
14500:
14494:
14491:
14490:
14488:
14487:
14482:
14477:
14471:
14468:
14467:
14465:
14464:
14458:
14455:
14454:
14452:
14451:
14445:
14442:
14441:
14439:
14438:
14433:
14428:
14423:
14417:
14414:
14413:
14411:
14410:
14405:
14399:
14396:
14395:
14393:
14392:
14387:
14381:
14378:
14377:
14372:
14371:
14364:
14357:
14349:
14340:
14339:
14336:
14335:
14333:
14332:
14331:
14330:
14318:
14313:
14308:
14303:
14297:
14295:
14289:
14288:
14286:
14285:
14284:
14283:
14271:
14266:
14265:
14264:
14252:
14245:
14244:
14243:
14231:
14230:
14229:
14217:
14216:
14215:
14210:
14197:
14195:
14186:
14180:
14179:
14176:
14175:
14173:
14172:
14167:
14166:
14165:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14134:
14132:
14128:
14127:
14125:
14124:
14119:
14103:
14101:
14095:
14094:
14092:
14091:
14086:
14080:Janeway lesion
14077:
14065:
14063:
14056:
14055:
14053:
14052:
14047:
14042:
14037:
14032:
14027:
14021:
14019:
14010:
14004:
14003:
14001:
14000:
13998:Template:Shock
13994:
13989:
13984:
13979:
13973:
13971:
13965:
13964:
13962:
13961:
13959:
13954:
13953:
13952:
13950:Cannon A waves
13942:
13937:
13936:
13935:
13924:
13922:
13918:
13917:
13915:
13914:
13909:
13908:
13907:
13902:
13892:
13887:
13882:
13876:
13874:
13868:
13867:
13865:
13864:
13863:
13862:
13852:
13847:
13842:
13841:
13840:
13839:
13838:
13826:
13821:
13816:
13815:
13814:
13809:
13799:
13798:
13797:
13795:Still's murmur
13792:
13777:
13776:
13775:
13770:
13765:
13760:
13749:
13747:
13741:
13740:
13738:
13737:
13736:
13735:
13725:
13719:
13717:
13711:
13710:
13699:
13698:
13691:
13684:
13676:
13667:
13666:
13664:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13652:
13651:
13646:
13636:
13630:
13628:
13624:
13623:
13621:
13620:
13615:
13614:
13613:
13603:
13598:
13597:
13596:
13591:
13586:
13584:herpes simplex
13581:
13571:
13565:
13563:
13559:
13558:
13555:
13554:
13552:
13551:
13550:
13549:
13544:
13532:
13526:
13524:
13518:
13517:
13515:
13514:
13509:
13503:
13501:
13499:Nervous system
13495:
13494:
13492:
13491:
13486:
13480:
13478:
13467:
13466:
13464:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13447:
13445:
13439:
13438:
13436:
13435:
13430:
13429:
13428:
13418:
13412:
13411:
13410:
13409:
13404:
13394:
13389:
13388:
13387:
13382:
13377:
13372:
13367:
13356:
13355:
13349:
13347:
13336:
13335:
13333:
13332:
13327:
13321:
13319:
13317:Cardiovascular
13313:
13312:
13310:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13298:
13297:
13292:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13265:
13259:
13257:
13248:
13244:
13243:
13241:
13240:
13239:
13238:
13233:
13223:
13222:
13221:
13216:
13211:
13206:
13193:
13191:
13185:
13184:
13182:
13181:
13176:
13167:
13157:
13155:
13151:
13150:
13147:
13146:
13144:
13143:
13138:
13133:
13127:
13125:
13115:
13114:
13112:
13111:
13106:
13101:
13095:
13093:
13089:umbilical cord
13083:
13082:
13080:
13079:
13073:
13071:
13057:
13056:
13054:
13053:
13048:
13043:
13037:
13035:
13022:
13014:
13013:
13001:
13000:
12993:
12986:
12978:
12969:
12968:
12965:
12964:
12962:
12961:
12955:
12953:
12947:
12946:
12944:
12943:
12938:
12933:
12928:
12923:
12922:
12921:
12911:
12906:
12901:
12896:
12890:
12888:
12879:
12877:Blood pressure
12873:
12872:
12870:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12853:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12832:
12831:
12830:
12825:
12814:
12812:
12808:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12774:
12772:
12768:
12767:
12765:
12764:
12759:
12758:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12737:
12731:
12729:
12727:Varicose veins
12723:
12722:
12720:
12719:
12714:
12713:
12712:
12702:
12701:
12700:
12695:
12685:
12684:
12683:
12678:
12673:
12668:
12663:
12653:
12652:
12651:
12640:
12638:
12627:
12626:
12624:
12623:
12617:
12615:
12606:
12600:
12599:
12596:
12595:
12593:
12592:
12590:Spider angioma
12587:
12582:
12576:
12574:
12572:Vascular nevus
12568:
12567:
12565:
12564:
12563:
12562:
12557:
12550:Telangiectasia
12547:
12542:
12536:
12534:
12528:
12527:
12525:
12524:
12523:
12522:
12517:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12492:
12487:
12485:Aortic rupture
12482:
12477:
12476:
12475:
12470:
12465:
12450:
12448:
12446:pseudoaneurysm
12433:
12432:
12429:
12428:
12426:
12425:
12420:
12415:
12410:
12405:
12399:
12397:
12393:
12392:
12390:
12389:
12384:
12378:
12376:
12370:
12369:
12367:
12366:
12365:
12364:
12359:
12357:Oxycholesterol
12354:
12349:
12344:
12339:
12329:
12323:
12322:
12321:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12289:
12287:
12278:
12272:
12271:
12269:
12268:
12263:
12262:
12261:
12250:
12248:
12239:
12224:
12223:
12215:
12214:
12207:
12200:
12192:
12183:
12182:
12180:
12179:
12174:
12169:
12168:
12167:
12165:Cardiac asthma
12162:
12152:
12146:
12144:
12140:
12139:
12137:
12136:
12131:
12130:
12129:
12124:
12114:
12113:
12112:
12107:
12102:
12091:
12089:
12083:
12082:
12079:
12078:
12076:
12075:
12073:Strain pattern
12070:
12069:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12046:
12045:
12044:
12032:
12031:
12030:
12018:
12017:
12016:
12011:
11998:
11996:
11992:
11991:
11989:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11967:
11965:
11963:Cardiac arrest
11959:
11958:
11956:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11943:AndersenβTawil
11939:
11937:
11931:
11930:
11928:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11912:
11907:
11897:
11895:
11889:
11888:
11886:
11885:
11880:
11879:
11878:
11868:
11863:
11861:Atrial flutter
11857:
11855:
11848:
11847:
11845:
11844:
11839:
11833:
11831:
11825:
11824:
11822:
11821:
11816:
11811:
11805:
11803:
11799:
11798:
11795:
11794:
11792:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11775:
11773:
11767:
11766:
11764:
11763:
11762:
11761:
11756:
11746:
11745:
11744:
11733:
11731:
11722:
11706:
11705:
11703:
11702:
11697:
11696:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11660:
11655:
11654:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11633:
11624:
11619:
11613:
11611:
11602:
11591:
11590:
11587:
11586:
11583:
11582:
11580:
11579:
11578:
11577:
11572:
11560:
11559:
11558:
11553:
11541:
11540:
11539:
11534:
11522:
11521:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11497:
11495:
11491:
11490:
11488:
11487:
11486:
11485:
11480:
11468:
11467:
11466:
11453:
11451:
11442:
11431:
11430:
11428:
11427:
11422:
11421:
11420:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11384:
11383:
11371:Cardiomyopathy
11368:
11367:
11366:
11364:Chagas disease
11355:
11353:
11347:
11346:
11344:
11343:
11342:
11341:
11336:
11326:
11325:
11324:
11315:
11304:
11302:
11293:
11289:
11288:
11285:
11284:
11282:
11281:
11280:
11279:
11274:
11264:
11263:
11262:
11252:
11251:
11250:
11245:
11234:
11232:
11226:
11225:
11223:
11222:
11221:
11220:
11215:
11205:
11204:
11203:
11198:
11187:
11185:
11181:
11180:
11178:
11177:
11172:
11167:
11162:
11156:
11151:
11144:
11142:
11135:
11129:
11128:
11120:
11119:
11112:
11105:
11097:
11088:
11087:
11084:
11083:
11072:
11061:
11046:
11030:
11025:
11024:
11022:
11021:Classification
11015:
11014:
11009:
11004:
10995:
10990:
10983:
10982:External links
10980:
10977:
10976:
10933:
10884:
10855:(3): 133β144.
10835:
10794:
10751:
10725:
10668:
10665:. 31 May 2017.
10650:
10643:
10620:
10563:
10506:
10465:
10424:
10383:
10362:(4): 440β446.
10342:
10307:
10286:(12): 824β34.
10266:
10237:(7): e004224.
10217:
10168:
10119:
10070:
10021:
9969:
9920:
9871:
9812:
9760:
9717:
9696:(6): 396β404.
9676:
9625:
9610:. March 2009.
9599:
9560:
9519:
9476:
9427:
9378:
9337:
9307:
9255:
9234:(12): 909β19.
9211:
9154:
9103:
9053:
9009:
8966:
8917:
8865:
8816:
8776:
8684:
8620:
8571:
8542:(3): 225β234.
8522:
8473:
8446:
8419:(6): 398β406.
8402:
8350:
8301:
8242:
8199:
8196:on 2014-12-28.
8180:
8160:
8108:
8059:
8018:
7977:
7936:
7895:
7854:
7811:
7784:
7735:
7668:
7611:
7562:
7510:
7497:
7484:
7433:
7389:
7340:
7313:(8): 699β704.
7297:
7248:
7198:
7155:
7096:
7075:
7050:
7006:
6999:. 2018-04-26.
6984:
6962:
6912:
6871:
6830:
6803:(4): 1447β55.
6786:
6759:(5): 499β506.
6743:
6694:
6665:(10): 979β87.
6640:
6591:
6545:
6496:
6467:(9): 1485β97.
6447:
6424:
6354:
6292:
6230:
6211:
6167:
6114:
6085:
6062:
6041:(8): 1179β81.
6021:
5972:
5951:(3): 272β280.
5931:
5888:
5859:(25): 2631β9.
5839:
5796:
5755:
5714:
5673:
5629:
5588:
5553:
5526:
5483:
5440:
5383:
5334:
5282:
5225:
5176:
5157:(5): 1484β95.
5141:
5090:
5048:
5000:
4971:
4922:
4873:
4838:
4780:
4731:
4665:
4654:
4634:
4588:
4536:
4494:
4483:
4463:
4436:(11): 712β22.
4420:
4371:
4313:
4264:
4208:
4197:
4177:
4128:
4079:
4030:
3981:
3940:
3923:
3878:
3843:
3794:
3783:
3763:
3734:(7455): 1519.
3714:
3704:
3663:
3629:
3599:
3596:on 2012-05-10.
3578:
3522:
3501:(9): 1165β72.
3468:
3461:
3433:
3421:
3370:
3316:
3285:(25): 2634β9.
3265:
3213:
3153:
3122:(6): 1242β57.
3102:
3083:(9): 3248β50.
3067:
3060:
3034:
2980:
2917:
2886:(8): 652β666.
2863:
2811:
2762:
2755:
2737:
2734:on 2009-11-11.
2712:
2663:
2652:
2627:
2576:
2537:(12): e81970.
2517:
2460:
2413:
2392:(9): 1216β27.
2369:
2317:
2265:
2206:
2154:
2100:
2086:
2004:
1975:(1): e6βe245.
1952:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1908:
1905:
1884: >7900
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1824: 900β1650
1820:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1726:
1686:
1683:
1679:micronutrients
1626:
1623:
1613:
1610:
1539:
1536:
1527:
1524:
1465:blood pressure
1415:
1412:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1322:, such as the
1318:Maintaining a
1311:
1308:
1263:
1260:
1252:kidney disease
1230:
1227:
1195:cardiomyopathy
1175:
1172:
1150:
1147:
1079:engine exhaust
1070:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1036:
1033:
1024:Main article:
1021:
1018:
1008:
1005:
975:
972:
968:carotid artery
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
936:
933:
927:
924:
895:
892:
884:celiac disease
879:
878:Celiac disease
876:
864:
861:
832:
829:
817:
814:
808:
805:
767:
764:
742:
739:
733:
730:
710:celiac disease
706:hyperlipidemia
685:
682:
681:
680:
660:
654:
649:
648:
647:
637:
615:
609:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:blood pressure
557:
554:Cardiomyopathy
547:
546:
541:
536:
526:
520:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
432:
426:
425:
414:
411:
379:healthy eating
296:cardiomyopathy
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
240:blood thinners
229:
223:
222:
208:
204:
203:
200:Healthy eating
197:
193:
192:
174:
168:
167:
161:cardiomyopathy
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
98:
92:
91:
86:
80:
79:
56:
55:
47:
46:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14983:
14972:
14969:
14967:
14964:
14963:
14961:
14946:
14943:
14941:
14938:
14936:
14933:
14931:
14928:
14926:
14923:
14921:
14918:
14916:
14915:Schizophrenia
14913:
14911:
14908:
14906:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14894:
14891:
14890:
14889:
14886:
14884:
14881:
14877:
14874:
14873:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14842:
14839:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14817:
14814:
14810:
14807:
14806:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14793:
14790:
14788:
14785:
14783:
14780:
14778:
14775:
14773:
14770:
14768:
14765:
14763:
14760:
14758:
14755:
14753:
14750:
14748:
14745:
14743:
14740:
14739:
14738:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14728:
14725:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14713:
14710:
14708:
14705:
14704:
14702:
14698:
14693:
14685:
14680:
14678:
14673:
14671:
14666:
14665:
14662:
14650:
14649:Fetal disease
14647:
14645:
14642:
14641:
14638:
14632:
14629:
14627:
14624:
14622:
14619:
14617:
14614:
14612:
14609:
14608:
14605:
14599:
14596:
14595:
14592:
14586:
14583:
14581:
14578:
14576:
14573:
14572:
14569:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14545:
14544:
14541:
14535:
14532:
14530:
14527:
14526:
14523:
14517:
14514:
14513:
14510:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14495:
14492:
14486:
14483:
14481:
14478:
14476:
14473:
14472:
14469:
14463:
14460:
14459:
14456:
14450:
14447:
14446:
14443:
14437:
14434:
14432:
14429:
14427:
14424:
14422:
14419:
14418:
14415:
14409:
14406:
14404:
14401:
14400:
14397:
14391:
14388:
14386:
14383:
14382:
14379:
14370:
14365:
14363:
14358:
14356:
14351:
14350:
14347:
14329:
14326:
14325:
14324:
14323:
14319:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14309:
14307:
14306:Caput medusae
14304:
14302:
14299:
14298:
14296:
14294:
14290:
14282:
14279:
14278:
14277:
14276:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14263:
14262:Lines of Zahn
14260:
14259:
14258:
14257:
14253:
14251:
14250:
14246:
14242:
14239:
14238:
14237:
14236:
14232:
14228:
14225:
14224:
14223:
14222:
14218:
14214:
14213:Oliver's sign
14211:
14209:
14206:
14205:
14204:
14203:
14199:
14198:
14196:
14194:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14181:
14171:
14168:
14164:
14161:
14160:
14159:
14158:
14154:
14152:
14149:
14147:
14144:
14142:
14140:
14136:
14135:
14133:
14129:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14109:
14105:
14104:
14102:
14100:
14096:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14067:
14066:
14064:
14062:
14057:
14051:
14048:
14046:
14043:
14041:
14040:MΓΌller's sign
14038:
14036:
14033:
14031:
14028:
14026:
14023:
14022:
14020:
14018:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14005:
13999:
13995:
13993:
13990:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13980:
13978:
13975:
13974:
13972:
13970:
13966:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13951:
13948:
13947:
13946:
13943:
13941:
13940:CΕur en sabot
13938:
13934:
13931:
13930:
13929:
13926:
13925:
13923:
13919:
13913:
13910:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13898:
13897:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13881:
13878:
13877:
13875:
13873:
13869:
13861:
13858:
13857:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13843:
13837:
13834:
13833:
13832:
13831:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13813:
13810:
13808:
13805:
13804:
13803:
13800:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13787:
13786:
13783:
13782:
13781:
13778:
13774:
13773:Gallop rhythm
13771:
13769:
13766:
13764:
13761:
13759:
13756:
13755:
13754:
13751:
13750:
13748:
13746:
13742:
13734:
13733:Levine's sign
13731:
13730:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13723:Referred pain
13721:
13720:
13718:
13716:
13712:
13708:
13704:
13697:
13692:
13690:
13685:
13683:
13678:
13677:
13674:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13654:
13650:
13647:
13645:
13642:
13641:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13631:
13629:
13625:
13619:
13616:
13612:
13609:
13608:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13595:
13592:
13590:
13587:
13585:
13582:
13580:
13577:
13576:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13566:
13564:
13560:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13539:
13538:
13537:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13527:
13525:
13523:
13519:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13504:
13502:
13500:
13496:
13490:
13487:
13485:
13482:
13481:
13479:
13477:
13472:
13468:
13462:
13459:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13448:
13446:
13444:
13440:
13434:
13431:
13427:
13424:
13423:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13413:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13400:
13399:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13386:
13383:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13366:
13363:
13362:
13361:
13358:
13357:
13354:
13351:
13350:
13348:
13346:
13341:
13337:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13322:
13320:
13318:
13314:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13287:
13286:
13285:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13260:
13258:
13256:
13252:
13249:
13245:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13229:
13228:
13227:
13224:
13220:
13217:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13201:
13200:
13199:
13195:
13194:
13192:
13190:
13186:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13171:
13170:Preterm birth
13168:
13166:
13162:
13159:
13158:
13156:
13152:
13142:
13139:
13137:
13134:
13132:
13129:
13128:
13126:
13123:
13122:
13116:
13110:
13107:
13105:
13102:
13100:
13097:
13096:
13094:
13091:
13090:
13084:
13078:
13075:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13068:
13064:
13058:
13052:
13049:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13032:
13026:
13023:
13015:
13011:
13010:fetal disease
13007:
12999:
12994:
12992:
12987:
12985:
12980:
12979:
12976:
12960:
12957:
12956:
12954:
12952:
12948:
12942:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12927:
12924:
12920:
12917:
12916:
12915:
12912:
12910:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12895:
12892:
12891:
12889:
12887:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12874:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12837:
12836:
12833:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12820:
12819:
12816:
12815:
12813:
12809:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12775:
12773:
12769:
12763:
12760:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
12746:
12745:Caput medusae
12743:
12742:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12732:
12730:
12728:
12724:
12718:
12715:
12711:
12708:
12707:
12706:
12703:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12691:
12690:
12689:
12686:
12682:
12679:
12677:
12674:
12672:
12669:
12667:
12664:
12662:
12659:
12658:
12657:
12654:
12650:
12647:
12646:
12645:
12642:
12641:
12639:
12637:
12632:
12628:
12622:
12619:
12618:
12616:
12614:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12601:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12577:
12575:
12573:
12569:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12552:
12551:
12548:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12537:
12535:
12533:
12529:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12497:
12496:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12474:
12471:
12469:
12466:
12464:
12461:
12460:
12459:
12455:
12452:
12451:
12449:
12447:
12442:
12438:
12434:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12414:
12411:
12409:
12408:Degos disease
12406:
12404:
12401:
12400:
12398:
12394:
12388:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12379:
12377:
12375:
12371:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12334:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12324:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12295:
12294:
12291:
12290:
12288:
12286:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12273:
12267:
12264:
12260:
12257:
12256:
12255:
12252:
12251:
12249:
12247:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12233:
12229:
12225:
12220:
12213:
12208:
12206:
12201:
12199:
12194:
12193:
12190:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12156:
12155:Heart failure
12153:
12151:
12148:
12147:
12145:
12141:
12135:
12132:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12119:
12118:
12115:
12111:
12108:
12106:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12097:
12096:
12093:
12092:
12090:
12088:
12084:
12074:
12071:
12067:
12066:ST depression
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12053:
12052:
12051:
12047:
12043:
12040:
12039:
12038:
12037:
12033:
12029:
12026:
12025:
12024:
12023:
12019:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12006:
12005:
12004:
12000:
11999:
11997:
11993:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11964:
11960:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11940:
11938:
11936:
11932:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11902:
11899:
11898:
11896:
11894:
11890:
11884:
11881:
11877:
11874:
11873:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11858:
11856:
11854:
11849:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11820:
11817:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11806:
11804:
11800:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11776:
11774:
11772:
11768:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11751:
11750:
11747:
11743:
11740:
11739:
11738:
11735:
11734:
11732:
11730:
11726:
11723:
11720:
11716:
11711:
11707:
11701:
11698:
11694:
11693:Trifascicular
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11665:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11638:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11614:
11612:
11610:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11596:
11592:
11576:
11575:regurgitation
11573:
11571:
11568:
11567:
11566:
11565:
11561:
11557:
11556:regurgitation
11554:
11552:
11549:
11548:
11547:
11546:
11542:
11538:
11537:regurgitation
11535:
11533:
11530:
11529:
11528:
11527:
11523:
11519:
11518:regurgitation
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11505:
11504:
11503:
11499:
11498:
11496:
11492:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11475:
11474:
11473:
11469:
11465:
11462:
11461:
11460:
11459:
11455:
11454:
11452:
11450:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11436:
11432:
11426:
11423:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11382:
11379:
11378:
11377:
11374:
11373:
11372:
11369:
11365:
11362:
11361:
11360:
11357:
11356:
11354:
11352:
11348:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11331:
11330:
11327:
11323:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11310:
11309:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11301:
11297:
11294:
11290:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11269:
11268:
11265:
11261:
11258:
11257:
11256:
11253:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11240:
11239:
11236:
11235:
11233:
11231:
11227:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11210:
11209:
11206:
11202:
11201:Stable angina
11199:
11197:
11194:
11193:
11192:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11182:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11149:
11146:
11145:
11143:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11130:
11125:
11118:
11113:
11111:
11106:
11104:
11099:
11098:
11095:
11082:
11078:
11077:
11073:
11071:
11067:
11066:
11062:
11060:
11056:
11055:
11051:
11047:
11045:
11041:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11031:
11028:
11023:
11019:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11002:
10999:
10998:Heart Disease
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10985:
10972:
10968:
10964:
10960:
10956:
10952:
10948:
10944:
10937:
10929:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10911:
10907:
10903:
10899:
10895:
10888:
10880:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10862:
10858:
10854:
10850:
10846:
10839:
10831:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10814:(5): 168β69.
10813:
10809:
10805:
10798:
10790:
10786:
10782:
10778:
10774:
10770:
10766:
10762:
10755:
10740:
10736:
10729:
10721:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10691:
10687:
10683:
10679:
10672:
10664:
10663:www.heart.org
10660:
10654:
10646:
10640:
10636:
10635:
10627:
10625:
10616:
10612:
10608:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10590:
10586:
10582:
10578:
10574:
10567:
10559:
10555:
10551:
10547:
10543:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10525:
10521:
10517:
10510:
10502:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10485:(9): 686β94.
10484:
10480:
10476:
10469:
10461:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10443:
10439:
10435:
10428:
10420:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10402:
10398:
10394:
10387:
10379:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10361:
10357:
10353:
10346:
10338:
10334:
10330:
10326:
10323:(2): 353β61.
10322:
10318:
10311:
10303:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10285:
10281:
10277:
10270:
10262:
10258:
10254:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10236:
10232:
10228:
10221:
10213:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10195:
10191:
10187:
10183:
10179:
10172:
10164:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10146:
10142:
10138:
10134:
10130:
10123:
10115:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10089:
10085:
10081:
10074:
10066:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10048:
10044:
10040:
10036:
10032:
10025:
10017:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9999:
9995:
9991:
9987:
9980:
9973:
9965:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9947:
9943:
9939:
9935:
9931:
9924:
9916:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9898:
9894:
9890:
9886:
9882:
9875:
9867:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9831:
9827:
9823:
9816:
9808:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9790:
9786:
9782:
9778:
9774:
9767:
9765:
9749:
9745:
9744:
9740:
9735:
9731:
9727:
9721:
9713:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9687:
9680:
9672:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9644:
9640:
9636:
9629:
9613:
9609:
9603:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9583:
9579:
9575:
9571:
9564:
9556:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9538:
9534:
9530:
9523:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9487:
9480:
9472:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9454:
9450:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9431:
9423:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9393:
9389:
9382:
9374:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9356:
9352:
9348:
9341:
9325:
9321:
9317:
9311:
9303:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9285:
9281:
9277:
9273:
9266:
9259:
9251:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9225:
9218:
9216:
9207:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9158:
9150:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9123:(4): 878β85.
9122:
9118:
9114:
9107:
9099:
9095:
9091:
9087:
9083:
9079:
9075:
9071:
9067:
9060:
9058:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9037:
9033:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9013:
9005:
9001:
8997:
8993:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8970:
8962:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8936:
8932:
8928:
8921:
8913:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8883:
8879:
8872:
8870:
8861:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8843:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8820:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8799:(2): 530β52.
8798:
8794:
8790:
8783:
8781:
8768:
8760:
8753:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8730:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8714:
8710:
8707:(3): 221β30.
8706:
8702:
8695:
8688:
8674:on 2013-12-20
8670:
8666:
8662:
8658:
8654:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8638:
8631:
8624:
8616:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8598:
8594:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8575:
8567:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8533:
8526:
8518:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8500:
8496:
8492:
8488:
8484:
8477:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8450:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8414:
8406:
8398:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8373:(3): e1βe23.
8372:
8368:
8364:
8357:
8355:
8346:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8305:
8297:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8279:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8253:
8246:
8238:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8203:
8195:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8177:
8173:
8172:
8164:
8156:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8138:
8134:
8130:
8126:
8122:
8115:
8113:
8104:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8086:
8082:
8078:
8074:
8070:
8063:
8055:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8038:(2): 343β52.
8037:
8033:
8029:
8022:
8014:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7981:
7973:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7950:Diabetes Care
7947:
7940:
7932:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7899:
7891:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7865:
7858:
7850:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7822:
7815:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7788:
7780:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7762:
7758:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7739:
7731:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7713:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7679:
7672:
7664:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7615:
7607:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7566:
7558:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7521:
7514:
7507:
7501:
7494:
7488:
7480:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7453:(5): 341β51.
7452:
7448:
7444:
7437:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7406:(2): 215β33.
7405:
7401:
7393:
7385:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7344:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7301:
7293:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7268:(2): 187β92.
7267:
7263:
7259:
7252:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7209:
7202:
7194:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7171:(7): 745β52.
7170:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7147:
7141:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7107:
7100:
7085:
7079:
7064:
7060:
7054:
7046:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7013:
7011:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6988:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6966:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6916:
6908:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6875:
6867:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6834:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6790:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6747:
6739:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6698:
6690:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6636:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6595:
6587:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6549:
6541:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6500:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6434:
6428:
6420:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6361:
6359:
6350:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6299:
6297:
6288:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6237:
6235:
6226:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6171:
6163:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6118:
6110:
6104:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6078:
6071:
6069:
6067:
6058:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5976:
5968:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5935:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5904:(11): 611β9.
5903:
5899:
5892:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5843:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5812:(6): 438β47.
5811:
5807:
5800:
5792:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5759:
5751:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5718:
5710:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5633:
5625:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5608:(4): 585β91.
5607:
5603:
5599:
5592:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5557:
5541:
5537:
5530:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5456:(5): 718β23.
5455:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5403:(6): 576β83.
5402:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5338:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5289:
5287:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5242:RadioGraphics
5239:
5232:
5230:
5221:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5180:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5145:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5094:
5080:on 2017-06-06
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4942:(5): 806β14.
4941:
4937:
4933:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4877:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4834:
4827:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4735:
4727:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4669:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4638:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4593:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4541:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4375:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3894:(4): 585β92.
3893:
3889:
3882:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3859:(6): 448β56.
3858:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3642:NIHR Evidence
3639:
3633:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:(2): 934β45.
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2868:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2834:(6): 515β24.
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2782:(4): e54-87.
2781:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2598:(43): 1β253.
2597:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:(1): 417β40.
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1818: <900
1812: no data
1804:
1742: 318β925
1734:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1511:low-salt diet
1507:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1495:carbohydrates
1492:
1488:
1487:saturated fat
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1408:
1407:periodontitis
1402:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:Decrease non-
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:saturated fat
1340:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1294:(hsCRP), and
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:phenoxy acids
1120:
1116:
1115:tobacco smoke
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:welding fumes
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1063:heart attacks
1059:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:calcification
971:
969:
945:
941:
935:Air pollution
932:
923:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
891:
889:
885:
875:
870:
860:
858:
853:
846:
842:
838:
828:
823:
813:
804:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
779:
773:
763:
759:
755:
747:
738:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:air pollution
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
678:
674:
673:
668:
664:
661:
658:
655:
653:
650:
645:
641:
638:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
616:
614:
611:Inflammatory
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:
591:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:Heart failure
571:
569:
565:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
550:
545:
542:
540:
537:
534:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
514:
513:
511:
496: 700β770
490: 630β700
484: 560β630
478: 490β560
472: 420β490
466: 350β420
460: 280β350
454: 210β280
448: 140β210
430: No data
423:
419:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:heart failure
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:blood vessels
265:
261:
257:
248:
244:
241:
237:
236:beta blockers
233:
230:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:heart failure
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
121:
120:Complications
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
97:
93:
90:
87:
85:
81:
77:
76:Movat's stain
73:
70:(yellow) and
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
43:
35:
30:
19:
18:Heart disease
14945:Tuberculosis
14856:Malnutrition
14700:Health topic
14692:epidemiology
14631:Chondropathy
14626:Bone disease
14598:Skin disease
14497:
14426:Malnutrition
14403:Benign tumor
14320:
14273:
14269:Adson's sign
14254:
14247:
14241:Allen's test
14233:
14219:
14200:
14155:
14151:Aschoff body
14137:
14122:Ewart's sign
14117:Beck's triad
14106:
14084:Osler's node
14070:endocarditis
14068:
14050:Mayne's sign
14007:
13996:See further
13992:Distributive
13928:Palpitations
13894:
13828:
13780:Heart murmur
13753:Heart sounds
13745:Auscultation
13534:
13316:
13290:Pneumothorax
13282:
13196:
13189:Birth trauma
13131:Breech birth
13121:presentation
13119:
13087:
13061:
13029:
12886:Hypertension
12798:Venous ulcer
12704:
12687:
12655:
12643:
12613:Inflammation
12494:
12453:
12342:Hyperplastic
12303:Fatty streak
12246:Inflammation
12218:
12087:Cardiomegaly
12061:ST elevation
12048:
12034:
12020:
12001:
11905:Ectopic beat
11853:fibrillation
11688:Bifascicular
11562:
11543:
11524:
11500:
11470:
11456:
11449:Endocarditis
11388:Hypertrophic
11322:Constrictive
11308:Pericarditis
11266:
11254:
11237:
11123:
11074:
11063:
11048:
11033:
10949:(2): 73β74.
10946:
10942:
10936:
10904:(2): 71β72.
10901:
10897:
10887:
10852:
10848:
10838:
10811:
10807:
10797:
10764:
10760:
10754:
10743:. Retrieved
10728:
10685:
10681:
10671:
10662:
10653:
10633:
10580:
10576:
10566:
10523:
10519:
10509:
10482:
10478:
10468:
10441:
10437:
10427:
10403:(8): 691β6.
10400:
10396:
10386:
10359:
10355:
10345:
10320:
10316:
10310:
10283:
10279:
10269:
10234:
10230:
10220:
10185:
10181:
10171:
10136:
10132:
10122:
10087:
10083:
10073:
10038:
10034:
10024:
9989:
9985:
9972:
9937:
9933:
9923:
9888:
9884:
9874:
9829:
9825:
9815:
9780:
9776:
9752:, retrieved
9737:
9720:
9693:
9689:
9679:
9642:
9638:
9628:
9616:. Retrieved
9602:
9577:
9573:
9563:
9536:
9533:Diabetologia
9532:
9522:
9489:
9485:
9479:
9444:
9440:
9430:
9395:
9391:
9381:
9357:(4): 291β7.
9354:
9350:
9340:
9328:. Retrieved
9323:
9319:
9310:
9275:
9271:
9258:
9231:
9227:
9171:
9167:
9157:
9120:
9117:Hypertension
9116:
9106:
9073:
9069:
9023:
9019:
9012:
8979:
8975:
8969:
8934:
8930:
8920:
8885:
8881:
8833:
8829:
8819:
8796:
8792:
8765:{{
8757:{{
8704:
8700:
8687:
8676:. Retrieved
8669:the original
8640:
8636:
8623:
8588:
8584:
8574:
8539:
8535:
8525:
8490:
8486:
8476:
8459:
8455:
8449:
8416:
8412:
8405:
8370:
8366:
8318:
8314:
8304:
8259:
8255:
8245:
8215:(1): 13β24.
8212:
8208:
8202:
8194:the original
8170:
8163:
8128:
8124:
8076:
8072:
8062:
8035:
8031:
8021:
7997:(3): 223β4.
7994:
7990:
7980:
7953:
7949:
7939:
7912:
7908:
7898:
7871:
7867:
7857:
7828:
7824:
7814:
7800:(7): 571β8.
7797:
7793:
7787:
7752:
7748:
7738:
7685:
7681:
7671:
7628:
7624:
7614:
7579:
7575:
7565:
7530:
7526:
7513:
7500:
7487:
7450:
7446:
7436:
7403:
7399:
7392:
7357:
7353:
7343:
7327:11573/562721
7310:
7306:
7300:
7265:
7261:
7251:
7221:(6): 916β7.
7218:
7214:
7201:
7168:
7164:
7158:
7113:
7109:
7099:
7087:. Retrieved
7078:
7066:. Retrieved
7062:
7053:
7026:
7022:
6996:
6987:
6974:
6965:
6921:
6915:
6888:
6884:
6874:
6847:
6843:
6833:
6800:
6796:
6789:
6756:
6752:
6746:
6711:
6707:
6697:
6662:
6658:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6559:
6555:
6548:
6513:
6509:
6499:
6464:
6460:
6450:
6436:
6427:
6374:
6370:
6315:(11): 3952.
6312:
6308:
6250:
6246:
6181:
6177:
6170:
6135:
6131:
6117:
6076:
6038:
6034:
6024:
5989:
5985:
5975:
5948:
5944:
5934:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5856:
5852:
5842:
5809:
5805:
5799:
5775:(7): 512β8.
5772:
5768:
5758:
5731:
5727:
5717:
5690:
5686:
5676:
5643:
5639:
5632:
5605:
5601:
5591:
5569:(2): 184β8.
5566:
5562:
5556:
5544:. Retrieved
5540:the original
5529:
5499:(1): 43β54.
5496:
5492:
5486:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5400:
5396:
5386:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5302:
5298:
5273:. Retrieved
5245:
5241:
5193:
5189:
5179:
5154:
5150:
5144:
5110:(1): 43β50.
5107:
5103:
5093:
5082:. Retrieved
5078:the original
5073:
5040:. Retrieved
5031:
4992:. Retrieved
4983:
4974:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4890:
4886:
4876:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4797:
4794:BMC Medicine
4793:
4783:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4682:
4678:
4668:
4644:
4637:
4607:(6): 442β4.
4604:
4600:
4556:
4552:
4517:(3): 230β4.
4514:
4510:
4473:
4466:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4388:
4384:
4374:
4331:
4327:
4281:
4277:
4267:
4255:. Retrieved
4225:
4221:
4211:
4187:
4180:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4001:(4): 523β7.
3998:
3994:
3984:
3960:(1): 65β79.
3957:
3953:
3943:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3773:
3766:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3707:
3680:
3677:Hypertension
3676:
3666:
3641:
3632:
3620:. Retrieved
3611:
3602:
3594:the original
3546:
3542:
3498:
3494:
3443:
3436:
3424:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3338:
3334:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3233:
3229:
3216:
3173:
3169:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3045:
3037:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2969:cite journal
2934:
2930:
2920:
2883:
2879:
2831:
2827:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2746:
2740:
2732:the original
2727:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2643:
2595:
2589:
2579:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2389:
2385:
2340:(1): 76β84.
2337:
2333:
2285:
2281:
2226:(12): 4305.
2223:
2219:
2209:
2174:
2170:
2122:
2118:
2073:
1972:
1968:
1941:
1928:
1920:
1893:
1889:
1728:Epidemiology
1723:
1708:
1699:
1688:
1677:, including
1631:healthy diet
1628:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1583:
1579:hypoglycemia
1569:
1545:
1541:
1529:
1515:
1508:
1484:
1469:
1457:low-fat diet
1450:
1438:
1431:
1403:
1399:
1320:healthy diet
1313:
1304:
1300:
1265:
1246:Obesity and
1245:
1241:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1157:-associated
1152:
1136:
1130:(dioxin) or
1119:electrolytic
1091:benzopyrenes
1072:
1055:
1038:
1029:
1010:
997:homocysteine
977:
938:
929:
920:
901:
897:
881:
872:
848:
825:
810:
801:
782:
775:
760:
756:
752:
735:
698:hypertension
692:, excessive
687:
684:Risk factors
670:
644:eosinophilic
613:cardiomegaly
606:heart valves
598:inflammation
594:Endocarditis
568:hypertension
548:
507:
442: 70β140
391:
376:
372:strep throat
332:
280:heart attack
259:
255:
254:
172:Risk factors
132:Older adults
29:
14836:Hepatitis D
14831:Hepatitis C
14799:Chikungunya
14485:Ear disease
14480:Eye disease
14099:Pericardium
14075:Roth's spot
14061:endocardium
13987:Hypovolemic
13982:Obstructive
13977:Cardiogenic
13885:Bradycardia
13880:Tachycardia
13850:Heart click
13634:Miscarriage
13536:muscle tone
13402:Kernicterus
13255:Respiratory
13231:Erb's palsy
13136:Asynclitism
13104:Nuchal cord
12951:Hypotension
12495:head / neck
12347:Cholesterol
12237:capillaries
11953:RomanoβWard
11920:Parasystole
11819:Ventricular
11771:Ventricular
11710:Tachycardia
11627:Heart block
11609:Bradycardia
11435:Endocardium
11398:Restrictive
11359:Myocarditis
11300:Pericardium
11001:MedicineNet
10438:Circulation
9026:(1): 4β16.
8738:, see
8367:Circulation
7915:(1): 80β9.
7874:(1): 3β10.
7470:10871/19935
6997:NHS Choices
6844:Circulation
6659:Circulation
6562:(1): 20β8.
6184:(1): 20β8.
5728:Circulation
4745:Circulation
4553:Circulation
4349:10906/80012
4278:Circulation
3995:Circulation
3495:Circulation
3453:10665/43007
3279:Circulation
3077:Circulation
3012:10983/21615
2677:Circulation
2386:Circulation
1969:Circulation
1635:antioxidant
1595:The use of
1334:or another
1219:cell damage
1163:blood cells
1126:containing
1075:silica dust
912:sleep apnea
793:endothelial
716:, and poor
669:caused by
618:Myocarditis
602:endocardium
383:antibiotics
129:Usual onset
72:amyloidosis
14960:Categories
14920:Snakebites
14816:Depression
14762:esophageal
14757:colorectal
13957:Hyperaemia
13819:Continuous
13715:Chest pain
13644:Stillbirth
13601:Omphalitis
13562:Infections
13471:Integument
12867:Vasculitis
12857:Thrombosis
12818:Angiopathy
12762:Varicocele
12755:Hemorrhoid
12585:Halo nevus
12441:dissection
12232:arterioles
11851:Flutter /
11814:Junctional
11749:Junctional
11742:Multifocal
11715:paroxysmal
11631:Sinoatrial
11600:arrhythmia
11595:Conduction
11351:Myocardium
11076:DiseasesDB
10745:2018-12-31
9618:15 January
8678:2013-08-23
7688:: 106595.
6975:health.gov
6797:Pediatrics
6253:: 756810.
6124:Tzoulaki I
5986:Pediatrics
5248:(2): 353.
5084:2017-06-01
5074:www.sbu.se
5042:2017-06-01
5032:www.sbu.se
4994:2016-06-07
4800:(1): 115.
4280:(Review).
4222:Pediatrics
3390:: 912047.
2882:(Review).
1933:References
1911:See also:
1685:Management
1655:arrhythmia
1597:vasoactive
1538:Medication
1418:See also:
1341:Replacing
1328:vegetarian
1310:Prevention
1284:biomarkers
1266:Screening
993:fibrinogen
987:(hs-CRP),
882:Untreated
770:See also:
626:lymphocyte
622:myocardium
350:, lack of
300:arrhythmia
227:Medication
196:Prevention
165:Arrhythmia
101:Chest pain
89:Cardiology
60:Micrograph
14905:Pneumonia
14893:childhood
14385:Infection
13933:Apex beat
13802:Diastolic
13370:Anti-Kell
13008:period /
13006:perinatal
12621:Phlebitis
12362:Trans fat
12298:Foam cell
12254:Arteritis
12221:(vessels)
12110:Pulmonary
11893:Pacemaker
11564:pulmonary
11545:tricuspid
11381:Alcoholic
10830:1473-6357
10702:1469-493X
10615:205176857
10558:254343574
10542:0735-1097
9848:1469-493X
9754:6 January
9398:: g4379.
9188:1469-493X
8278:1469-493X
8190:712123395
8079:: e8707.
7755:: g4490.
7712:0160-4120
7645:1469-493X
7360:: e3953.
7151:CC BY 4.0
6714:: g4164.
6577:2164/3181
6401:1932-6203
6331:2072-6643
6309:Nutrients
6269:2297-055X
6138:: i2416.
6103:cite book
6095:890409638
5883:196411135
5834:207538193
5638:Europe".
5275:24 August
4854:: 76β82.
3909:2097/6377
3658:265356623
3208:235073575
3192:0735-1097
2961:248155592
2494:1469-493X
2242:2072-6643
2220:Nutrients
1711:pacemaker
1691:Influenza
1651:Magnesium
1643:vitamin C
1639:vitamin E
1472:DASH diet
1380:Decrease
1262:Screening
1238:material)
1159:mutations
852:trans-fat
778:menopause
632:types of
210:Treating
207:Treatment
84:Specialty
74:(brown).
14935:Syphilis
14846:HIV/AIDS
14804:Dementia
14777:prostate
14772:lymphoma
14752:cervical
14722:Bed bugs
14256:thrombus
14193:Arterial
13785:Systolic
13758:Split S2
13340:Bleeding
13031:placenta
12835:Embolism
12437:Aneurysm
12374:Stenosis
12308:Atheroma
12259:Aortitis
12228:Arteries
11976:Asystole
11876:Familial
11570:stenosis
11551:stenosis
11532:stenosis
11513:stenosis
11508:prolapse
11230:Sequelae
11133:Ischemia
10971:13738641
10963:28054577
10928:28094270
10879:27905474
10789:16928278
10781:23489753
10739:Archived
10720:36398903
10607:25940444
10550:36480969
10501:22493407
10460:16935995
10419:12160191
10378:23265337
10337:20079494
10302:24217421
10261:51615818
10253:29991644
10212:23335472
10163:21575619
10114:28301692
10065:15674925
10016:24825181
10007:10075056
9964:22818936
9915:25120097
9866:34741536
9807:33704780
9748:archived
9712:19293072
9671:30894318
9612:Archived
9594:21742097
9570:Hiatt WR
9555:19655124
9506:24910232
9471:27849333
9422:25038074
9373:26099117
9330:4 August
9302:23440795
9250:22732744
9206:38533994
9197:10966941
9149:24243703
9140:10280688
9098:10730075
9090:14615107
9048:10374187
9040:20881867
9004:19951800
8996:25131978
8961:18480116
8912:33512717
8860:17449506
8811:Archived
8752:32677681
8721:17688420
8665:43795786
8657:21803192
8615:25519688
8566:29387889
8517:32114706
8468:30019869
8441:52013596
8433:24723079
8389:28620111
8345:26268692
8296:32827219
8237:43493760
8229:22583051
8155:31728492
8103:23386268
8054:27193606
8013:17324730
7972:16306540
7931:11451721
7890:11136953
7849:Archived
7845:21854893
7806:19378874
7779:25073782
7730:34011457
7663:36194420
7606:28290160
7557:26272648
7479:24745774
7420:16508562
7384:22777025
7335:24754972
7292:24856319
7243:35497445
7235:24169589
7193:45312858
7140:33933205
7045:26724178
7001:Archived
6979:Archived
6957:22336785
6938:14974003
6907:27838722
6866:16330680
6825:37741456
6817:17015535
6781:23782870
6773:19419257
6738:25011450
6689:26936862
6635:21343207
6611:: d671.
6586:24636546
6540:33555049
6491:45241607
6483:17030958
6419:30571724
6371:PLOS ONE
6349:34836208
6287:34805312
6206:37833889
6198:20425267
6162:27184143
6057:22510399
6016:22084329
5967:29998297
5926:26077254
5918:17057748
5875:17182988
5826:25775317
5791:22847227
5750:25223981
5709:29896632
5668:54227479
5660:10466661
5624:14975468
5583:17184858
5546:1 August
5521:23913203
5513:19965897
5478:36312234
5470:17001210
5435:23603848
5378:34482706
5329:28911261
5270:73477338
5262:30844346
5220:20298931
5171:18035211
5136:28088988
5036:Archived
4988:Archived
4966:24176435
4917:25911639
4868:27475981
4826:25154373
4775:19364974
4719:25271417
4679:PLOS ONE
4660:Archived
4621:21339319
4583:20585020
4531:22113148
4489:Archived
4458:21835944
4450:19770848
4407:10924297
4366:41892834
4358:23410608
4308:27647451
4252:29907703
4203:Archived
4172:30955975
4123:20338493
4074:28331015
4050:: j909.
4017:12135957
3976:24808490
3918:20338284
3873:18468872
3838:32827219
3789:Archived
3758:15213107
3712:7:43β54.
3699:37170819
3616:Archived
3573:16754702
3517:10069784
3416:25663838
3365:23218570
3311:27324359
3260:26343387
3200:34016265
3148:22424232
3029:30811593
3021:15364185
2953:35418240
2912:28932354
2858:23001745
2806:36437057
2798:22392596
2707:24573352
2658:Archived
2622:24074752
2571:24339983
2531:PLOS ONE
2512:34881426
2455:39752176
2447:27431356
2408:18316498
2364:27768852
2312:25785893
2260:34959857
2201:27733281
2149:25530442
2092:Archived
1999:23239837
1907:Research
1629:While a
1556:fibrates
1396:disease.
1155:leukemia
1132:asbestos
1099:dynamite
908:insomnia
789:Estrogen
732:Genetics
630:monocyte
352:exercise
312:carditis
220:diabetes
177:Diabetes
96:Symptoms
68:fibrosis
14925:Suicide
14888:Obesity
14861:Measles
14851:Leprosy
14792:ovarian
14787:stomach
14742:bladder
14690:Global
13895:doubled
13860:carotid
13579:rubella
13209:Chignon
13063:chorion
12656:abdomen
12337:Hyaline
11376:Dilated
11318:Chronic
11126:(heart)
11070:D002318
10919:5880294
10870:5525550
10733:Roo S.
10711:9673465
10598:8511741
10203:3548618
10188:: f10.
10154:5945285
10105:6464316
10056:6464851
9955:3645500
9906:6669260
9857:8571912
9798:8094925
9662:7685565
9514:5064731
9462:6464497
9413:4103514
9293:6481400
8952:2386598
8903:8092432
8851:1857760
8729:2248777
8606:6483405
8557:5885893
8508:7049091
8336:4532752
8287:8092457
8146:6855944
8094:4688426
7770:4115152
7721:8204267
7690:Bibcode
7654:9531722
7597:6464686
7548:6999125
7428:9125890
7375:3392078
7283:4126399
7185:8615707
7131:8102467
7089:14 June
7068:14 June
6729:4091648
6680:4783255
6626:3043109
6531:8093137
6461:Obesity
6410:6301673
6379:Bibcode
6340:8624676
6278:8604150
6153:4868251
6007:4536582
5426:5833942
5405:Bibcode
5369:8649542
5320:5933669
5211:3807611
5127:8045769
5068:(SBU).
4957:3815706
4908:4612342
4817:4283079
4766:2956982
4710:4182667
4687:Bibcode
4629:6420111
4574:2924678
4415:8747779
4299:5567876
4257:28 June
4243:6260972
4163:6497989
4114:3865979
4065:5594422
4025:1589727
3829:8092457
3622:May 23,
3612:NPR.org
3564:2563742
3407:4309297
3356:3819990
3302:6188655
3251:4589895
3139:3319439
3097:9386201
2903:5583538
2849:3483430
2698:4181359
2613:4781046
2562:3855368
2539:Bibcode
2503:8655103
2355:5291481
2303:4736723
2251:8706326
2192:5388903
2140:4340604
1990:5408511
1585:Aspirin
1547:Statins
1290:(ABI),
1087:arsenic
983:score,
863:Alcohol
807:Tobacco
724:of the
694:alcohol
387:aspirin
364:alcohol
356:obesity
344:smoking
232:Aspirin
189:alcohol
185:Smoking
109:fatigue
14930:Stroke
14841:Herpes
14747:breast
14737:Cancer
14717:Autism
14707:Asthma
14408:Cancer
14293:Venous
14163:J wave
14059:Other
13728:Angina
13154:Growth
13067:amnion
12056:J wave
11809:Atrial
11737:Atrial
11526:aortic
11502:mitral
11494:Valves
11440:valves
11292:Layers
11161:(SCAD)
10969:
10961:
10926:
10916:
10877:
10867:
10828:
10787:
10779:
10761:Lancet
10718:
10708:
10700:
10641:
10613:
10605:
10595:
10556:
10548:
10540:
10499:
10458:
10417:
10376:
10335:
10300:
10259:
10251:
10210:
10200:
10161:
10151:
10112:
10102:
10063:
10053:
10014:
10004:
9962:
9952:
9934:Lancet
9913:
9903:
9864:
9854:
9846:
9805:
9795:
9710:
9669:
9659:
9592:
9553:
9512:
9504:
9486:Lancet
9469:
9459:
9420:
9410:
9371:
9300:
9290:
9248:
9204:
9194:
9186:
9147:
9137:
9096:
9088:
9070:Lancet
9046:
9038:
9002:
8994:
8976:Lancet
8959:
8949:
8910:
8900:
8858:
8848:
8750:
8746:,
8727:
8719:
8663:
8655:
8637:Lancet
8613:
8603:
8564:
8554:
8515:
8505:
8466:
8439:
8431:
8397:367602
8395:
8387:
8343:
8333:
8294:
8284:
8276:
8235:
8227:
8188:
8178:
8153:
8143:
8101:
8091:
8052:
8011:
7970:
7929:
7888:
7843:
7804:
7777:
7767:
7728:
7718:
7710:
7661:
7651:
7643:
7604:
7594:
7555:
7545:
7477:
7426:
7418:
7382:
7372:
7333:
7290:
7280:
7241:
7233:
7191:
7183:
7138:
7128:
7110:Lancet
7043:
7023:Lancet
6955:
6951:,
6936:
6905:
6864:
6823:
6815:
6779:
6771:
6736:
6726:
6687:
6677:
6633:
6623:
6584:
6538:
6528:
6489:
6481:
6417:
6407:
6399:
6347:
6337:
6329:
6285:
6275:
6267:
6204:
6196:
6160:
6150:
6093:
6083:
6055:
6014:
6004:
5965:
5924:
5916:
5881:
5873:
5832:
5824:
5789:
5748:
5707:
5666:
5658:
5640:Lancet
5622:
5581:
5519:
5511:
5476:
5468:
5433:
5423:
5376:
5366:
5327:
5317:
5268:
5260:
5218:
5208:
5169:
5134:
5124:
4964:
4954:
4915:
4905:
4866:
4824:
4814:
4773:
4763:
4717:
4707:
4652:
4627:
4619:
4581:
4571:
4529:
4481:
4456:
4448:
4413:
4405:
4364:
4356:
4328:Lancet
4306:
4296:
4250:
4240:
4195:
4170:
4160:
4142:Lancet
4121:
4111:
4072:
4062:
4023:
4015:
3974:
3916:
3871:
3836:
3826:
3781:
3756:
3749:437139
3746:
3697:
3656:
3571:
3561:
3515:
3459:
3414:
3404:
3363:
3353:
3309:
3299:
3258:
3248:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3146:
3136:
3095:
3058:
3027:
3019:
2991:Lancet
2959:
2951:
2910:
2900:
2856:
2846:
2804:
2796:
2753:
2705:
2695:
2650:
2620:
2610:
2569:
2559:
2510:
2500:
2492:
2453:
2445:
2427:Lancet
2406:
2362:
2352:
2310:
2300:
2258:
2248:
2240:
2199:
2189:
2171:Lancet
2147:
2137:
2119:Lancet
2084:
1997:
1987:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1717:and a
1671:review
1647:Niacin
1552:Niacin
1426:, and
1363:Statin
1278:, and
1143:stroke
1058:stroke
843:, and
533:stroke
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
434:
428:
326:, and
276:angina
274:(e.g.
246:Deaths
191:intake
145:stroke
14876:child
14767:liver
14131:Other
13969:Shock
13921:Other
13872:Pulse
13855:Bruit
13627:Other
13451:Ileus
13198:scalp
12771:Other
12604:Veins
12454:torso
12396:Other
12143:Other
12127:Right
12105:Right
11719:sinus
11668:Right
11418:Viral
11313:Acute
11267:weeks
11238:hours
11150:(CAD)
11081:28808
11059:429.2
11044:I51.6
10967:S2CID
10785:S2CID
10611:S2CID
10554:S2CID
10257:S2CID
9982:(PDF)
9510:S2CID
9268:(PDF)
9094:S2CID
9044:S2CID
9000:S2CID
8763:with
8725:S2CID
8697:(PDF)
8672:(PDF)
8661:S2CID
8633:(PDF)
8437:S2CID
8393:S2CID
8233:S2CID
7523:(PDF)
7424:S2CID
7239:S2CID
7211:(PDF)
7189:S2CID
6821:S2CID
6777:S2CID
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