780:
1231:
663:
707:
439:
458:
625:
737:
1205:
419:
985:
282:) offers his heart to a damsel. The heart here resembles a pine cone (held "upside down", the point facing upward), in accord with medieval anatomical descriptions. However, in this miniature, what suggests a heart shape is only the result of a lover's finger superimposed on an object; the full shape outline of the object is partly hidden, and, therefore unknown. Moreover, the French title of the manuscript that features the miniature translates into "Novel Of The Pear" in English. Thus the heart-shaped object would be a pear; the conclusion that a pear represents a heart is dubious. Opinions, therefore, differ over this being the first depiction of a heart as a symbol of romantic love.
593:
569:
764:
941:
1028:
1001:
925:
969:
613:
1528:
88:
489:
1500:
913:
804:
679:
691:
1189:
957:
1516:
1248:
481:
48:
1316:
1055:
1344:
1330:
62:
1942:; "For example, the shape we call a heart—whose symmetry resembles the vulva far more than the asymmetry of the organ that shares its name—is probably a residual female genital symbol. It was reduced from power to romance by centuries of male dominance.", based on an earlier suggestion by Tanzer (1969) that the shape was used as a symbol indicating brothels in ancient Pompeii. Tanzer (1969).
779:
2146:"the heart-check mark that began to appear on a wide array of food packaging in 1995. The symbol consists of a heart branded with a bold, efficient check mark. It is copyrighted by the American Heart Association (AHA), which licenses it for a nominal fee to companies whose products meet the organization's criteria for saturated fat and cholesterol content." Stephen Amidon, Thomas Amidon,
624:
568:
1230:
561:
remains visible, as a protrusion at the top centered between the two "chambers" indicated in the symbol, in some depictions of the Sacred Heart well into the 18th century, and is partly still shown today (although mostly obscured by elements such as a crown, flames, rays, or a cross) but the "hearts"
387:
with instances of the geometric shape in antiquity. Such theories are modern, proposed from the 1960s onward, and they remain speculative, as no continuity between the supposed ancient predecessors and the late medieval tradition can be shown. Specific suggestions include: the shape of the seed of
897:
franchise being a notable exception, where the hearts are ammunition for the secondary weapons instead of representing health). Since the 1990s, the heart symbol has also been used as an ideogram indicating health outside of the video gaming context, e.g., its use by restaurants to indicate
249:, although the shape has been used in many ancient epigraphy monuments and texts. With possible early examples or direct predecessors in the 13th to 14th century, the familiar symbol of the heart representing love developed in the 15th century, and became popular in Europe during the 16th.
1488:
592:
706:
418:
252:
Before the 14th century, the heart shape was not associated with the meaning of the heart metaphor. The geometric shape itself is found in much earlier sources, but in such instances does not depict a heart, but typically foliage: in examples from antiquity
2133:"Subsequently the heart symbol became a shorthand for enthusiasm for everything from software to Yorkshire terriers. It was a stamp that validated lifestyles. People could ♥ their grandchildren or line dancing or Buddha." Stephen Amidon, Thomas Amidon,
1474:
307:. This heart is also depicted in the pine cone shape based on anatomical descriptions of the day (still held "upside down"). Giotto's painting exerted considerable influence on later painters, and the motive of Caritas offering a heart is shown by
1204:
1073:, in turn based on a seal used as early as the 1190s. However, while the charges are clearly heart-shaped, they did not depict hearts in origin, or symbolize any idea related to love. Instead, they are assumed to have depicted the leaves of the
1161:
activity, linking the plant to sexuality and love). Silver coins from the ancient Libya of the 6th to 5th centuries BC bear images strongly reminiscent of the heart symbol, sometimes accompanied by images of the silphium plant. The related
736:
1855:
Vinken (2001): "The change from the spherical to the scalloped form of the heart base happened more or less in train with the differing way in which the heart was held, and has dominated visual representations of the heart ever
375:
monastery in
Brussels. The convention of showing a dent at the base of the heart thus spread at about the same time as the convention of showing the heart with its point downward. The modern indented red heart has been used on
866:
in
Scandinavia traditionally had a heart shaped peephole. In homes a heart symbol made from red painted plywood, or a stuffed fabric one, is often used to assist visitors in finding the modern facility. For image see:
763:
656:
depositing his heart in a marguerite flower (symbolizing his mistress, who was called
Marguerite). Also worth mentioning is the miniature on fol. 13r, showing two women catching winged hearts in a net.
438:
662:
940:
550:: "a black cross in a heart, which retains its natural color, so that I myself would be reminded that faith in the Crucified saves us. 'For one who believes from the heart will be justified' (
457:
2242:
T. V. Buttrey, "The Coins and the Cult", Expedition magazine vol. 34, Nos. 1–2 "Special Issue: Gifts to the
Goddesses—Cyrene's Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone", Spring–Summer 1992.
924:
1188:
1354:
1000:
1241:: a species of giant fennel belonging to the same genus as the ancient silphium and regarded as having similar properties, while being an inferior substitute for the plant.
968:
586:. This is one of two dedicatory pieces placed at the beginning of the older (late 14th century) corpus, probably to replace the original first fascicle, which is missing.
359:
The "scalloped" shape of the now-familiar heart symbol, with a dent in its base, arises in the early 14th century, at first only lightly dented, as in the miniatures in
984:
366:
268:
The first known depiction of a heart as a symbol of romantic love dates to the 1250s. It occurs in a miniature decorating a capital 'S' in a manuscript of the French
2059:
1077:. Early heraldic heart-shaped charges depicting the leaves of water-lilies are found in various other designs related to territories close to rivers or a coastline (
690:
1143:
There has been some conjecture regarding the link between the traditional heart symbol and images of the fruit of silphium, a (probably) extinct plant known to
1683:
956:
803:
1527:
1786:
356:). The convention of showing the heart point upward switches in the late 14th century and becomes rare in the first half of the 15th century.
646:
192:
of the 5th–6th century BC bear a similar design, sometimes accompanied by a silphium plant and is understood to represent its seed or fruit.
912:
2020:
1129:, and hearts representing love appearing in bourgeois coats of arms. Hearts also later became popular elements in municipal coats of arms.
2096:
424:
The earliest known possible visual depiction of a heart symbol, as a lover hands his heart to the beloved lady, in a manuscript of the
1036:
2043:"Wall panel with a guinea fowl (32.150.13)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–.
2031:
Fragments of stucco roundels in situ, Taq-i Kisra, south building, Ctesiphon, Iraq, 1931–32. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2015, from
2295:
1867:
678:
1247:
1114:. The authenticity of this seal is "very questionable", i.e. it could possibly date to the late 14th or even the 15th century.
2056:
1766:
2371:
2071:
612:
2439:
535:
1515:
144:. It is sometimes accompanied or superseded by the "wounded heart" symbol, depicted as a heart symbol pierced with an
2252:
Koerper, H.; Kolls, A. L. (1999). "The silphium motif adorning ancient libyan coinage: Marketing a medicinal plant".
2189:
1810:
1746:
1722:
176:
of India. In the 5th–6th century BC, the heart shape was used in the Roman world to represent the seeds of the plant
1912:
1698:
2032:
1664:
1469:{\displaystyle \textstyle {\binom {16\sin ^{\scriptscriptstyle 3}t}{13\cos {}t-5\cos 2t-2\cos 3t-\cos 4t}}}
2181:
1602:
1107:
245:
The combination of the heart shape and its use within the heart metaphor was developed in the end of the
2021:
http://metmuseum.org/exhibitions/view?exhibitionId={60853040-AE7E-4162-8FA7-525505D6B633}&oid=322631
1032:
1280:
903:
173:
28:
2101:
371:(before 1320). A slightly later example with a more pronounced dent is found in a manuscript from the
2454:
2449:
1792:
786:
169:
1299:; though as the cardioid lacks the point, it may be seen as a stylized water-lily leaf, a so-called
276:. In the miniature, a kneeling lover (or more precisely, an allegory of the lover's "sweet gaze" or
1844:
1544:
221:
2122:
20:
This article is about the graphical symbol. For the symbolic or metaphorical use of the word, see
1126:
1066:
97:(often shown with other attributes, e.g. surmounted by a cross, pierced by nails or swords, etc.)
1805:
Martin Kemp. (2011). "Christ to Coke: How Image
Becomes Icon", 1st ed. Oxford University Press,
172:: a heart-shaped pendant originating from there has been discovered and is now exhibited in the
2444:
1027:
720:
633:
360:
2213:
2164:
1939:
2355:
1216:
1044:
743:
551:
312:
219:, and weapons. The oldest examples of this pattern are seen in some of the Japanese original
1065:
The earliest heart-shaped charges in heraldry appear in the 12th century; the hearts in the
902:"). A copyrighted "heart-check" symbol to indicate heart-healthy food was introduced by the
1138:
393:
389:
207:, and it has the meaning of warding off evil spirits. The decorations are used to decorate
177:
2233:
Favorito, E. N.; Baty, K. (February 1995). "The
Silphium Connection". Celator. 9 (2): 6–8.
1955:
1871:
789:(d. 1690). The heart is both "heart-shaped" and drawn anatomically correct, with both the
8:
2459:
1988:
1237:
1144:
1118:
883:
346:
331:
320:
2414:
2277:
2269:
2044:
1296:
1284:
1006:
Wedding rings of a groom and bride with shadow in the form of heart - symbolic of love.
931:
891:, but in 1990s remakes of these games, the hexagons were replaced by heart shapes (the
868:
831:
712:
2401:
715:
holding a heart in his hand which is set alight by a ray emanating from divine Truth (
2406:
2367:
2328:
2308:
2193:
2185:
2090:
1935:
1806:
1650:
1571:
1269:
1170:– which was actually used as an inferior substitute for silphium – is regarded as an
1040:
947:
817:
603:
488:
427:
396:, and stylized depictions of features of the human female body, such as the female's
342:
271:
2418:
2281:
233:) that were attached to swords from the sixth to seventh centuries, and part of the
2469:
2464:
2396:
2261:
1944:
The Common People of
Pompeii. A study of the graffiti. With illustrations and a map
1898:
1772:
1254:
1111:
1070:
794:
547:
543:
384:
297:
289:
212:
117:
87:
2075:
1644:
773:
chapel (funerary casket containing the heart of
Christoph Otto von Velen, d. 1733)
2063:
1865:
A Brief
History of Playing Cardes, by Charles Knutson, Renaissance Magazine 2001
1081:
874:
842:
583:
509:
216:
1499:
2332:
2033:
http://www.metmuseum.org/met-around-the-world/images/wb_large/wb_Ctesiphon2.jpg
1930:
1048:
651:
383:
Various hypotheses attempted to connect the "heart shape" as it evolved in the
304:
208:
2006:
484:
A heart symbol from the
Achaemenid period, in the Louvre Museum, made of ivory
2474:
2433:
2312:
1895:
The Shape of My Heart: Where did the ubiquitous Valentine's symbol come from?
1566:
1195:
1158:
1154:
846:
834:
579:
531:
527:
493:
316:
189:
181:
141:
68:
1894:
1552:
128:
inaccurate shape, the heart symbol is often used to represent the center of
2410:
1122:
1096:
1074:
1017:
377:
308:
262:
149:
94:
76:
1752:
1732:
480:
257:
leaves, and in medieval iconography and heraldry, typically the leaves of
1171:
1047:, and therefore adopted the "Danish tincture" to the arms of his father,
899:
893:
669:
599:
523:
372:
246:
185:
35:
2019:
Roundel with radiating palmettes. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2015, from
1153:, used as a condiment and medicine, (the medicinal properties including
1117:
Heraldic charges actually representing hearts became more common in the
2273:
2265:
2067:
1561:
1292:
1211:
1167:
878:
857:
697:
405:
254:
72:
21:
1626:
Favorito, E. N.; Baty, K. (February 1995). "The Silphium Connection".
27:"Love symbol" and "Love heart" redirect here. For the 1992 album, see
2336:
2316:
1989:"Plate with youths and winged horses | Sasanian | Sasanian"
1728:
1304:
962:
The traditional "heart shape" appears on a 1910 Valentine's Day card.
950:" card from the 1870s, with a red heart symbol pierced by six arrows.
853:
505:
204:
133:
109:
47:
2364:
The Shape of the Heart: A Contribution to the Iconology of the Heart
2197:
1970:
1505:
Simple form made from two perpendicular lines and two circular arcs.
1315:
1307:(x+y−1)−xy=0, may produce better approximations of the heart shape.
1220:) belonging, like the unidentified silphium, to the parsley family,
1577:
1548:
1300:
1288:
1221:
1182:, suggesting yet a third amatory association relating to silphium.
1100:
1088:
930:
Two burning hearts, coloured pink, illustration on a Victorian-era
863:
770:
401:
602:(the wounded heart here depicting Christ's wound inflicted by the
148:
or as a heart symbol "broken" into two or more pieces, indicating
2161:
Archiv für Diplomatik: Schriftgeschichte, Siegel, und Wappenkunde
1054:
888:
397:
129:
125:
2184:. Originally published 1892, Edinburgh: W. & A. B. Johnson.
444:
Giotto's allegory of charity handing her heart to Jesus Christ (
1533:
Parametric equation of heart curve on TI-89 graphing calculator
1343:
1198:
depicting the heart-shaped 'seed' (actually fruit) of silphium.
1149:
1059:
539:
501:
285:
258:
165:
121:
1087:
Inverted heart symbols have been used in heraldry as stylized
785:
18th-century depiction of the Sacred Heart from the vision of
492:
A sasanian-style textile from first century AH that shows two
1329:
1179:
1175:
838:
790:
747:
558:
409:
301:
293:
196:
145:
113:
61:
2387:
Vinken, P (2001), "How the heart was held in medieval art",
1646:
Did the ancient Romans use a natural herb for birth control?
700:", a heart-shaped manuscript of love ballads from the 1550s.
598:
Early depiction of the Heart of Jesus in the context of the
137:
1487:
1110:(of 1333) shows a heart shape, identified as the heart of
974:
Sheet music cover of "Look in His Eyes", from the musical
830:
Since the 19th century, the symbol has often been used on
856:
for the English verb "to love" derives from the use in "
562:
suit did not have this element since the 15th century.
463:
Charity on the south doors of the Florence Baptistery (
2178:
Woodward's a treatise on heraldry, British and foreign
1580:, a symbol of a water lily leaf that resembles a heart
1376:
1358:
809:
Another anatomically correct Sacred Heart, painted in
1357:
2045:
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/32.150.13
1287:
have been described. The best-known of these is the
898:
heart-healthy nutrient content claim (e.g., "low in
504:
reliefs and wall panels excavated from the ruins of
797:
visible, with the crucifix placed inside the aorta.
746:. The central heart radiates hearts gathered up by
684:
Hearts suit in a 1540s German deck of playing cards
2366:(illustrated ed.), Elsevier Health Sciences,
2148:The Sublime Engine: A Biography of the Human Heart
2135:The Sublime Engine: A Biography of the Human Heart
1468:
67:A heart symbol pierced with an arrow, symbolizing
1303:, rather than a heart. Other curves, such as the
1016:"Heart field" or "heart shield" are terms for an
237:was hollowed out in the shape of a heart symbol.
2431:
1751:(in Japanese). Fukagawa Fudoudou. Archived from
160:
2296:"Aphrodisiac - Asafoetida (Ferula asa foetida)"
873:Heart symbols are frequently used to symbolize
546:. Luther wrote an explanation of the symbol to
475:
168:leaves were used in artistic depictions of the
1830:
1828:
1662:
1459:
1362:
918:A heart-shaped "Map of Woman's Heart" (1830s)
364:
319:on the bronze door of the south porch of the
2361:
2251:
1638:
1625:
1058:A heart pictured in the coat of arms of the
631:
425:
277:
269:
1890:
1888:
1825:
990:Magazine advertisement for the silent film
538:, in 1530, while Luther was staying at the
2176:Woodward, John and George Burnett (1969).
1910:
887:(1987, 1988) had a "life bar" composed of
582:, written in the shape of a heart, in the
2400:
2386:
2104:, obviously more research is needed here.
2170:
1885:
1822:(National Library FR MS. 2086, plate 12)
1521:Heart curve on TI-89 graphing calculator
1321:A cardioid generated by a rolling circle
1053:
1026:
487:
479:
1968:
1868:"Gamester article renaissance magazine"
1681:
1037:William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg
2432:
2352:Christ to Coke: How Image Becomes Icon
2095:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1656:
1132:
2380:
1911:Benedictus, Luke (12 February 2006).
1791:(in Japanese). weblio. Archived from
1771:(in Japanese). weblio. Archived from
1682:Buttrey, T. V. (Spring–Summer 1992).
1665:"The mystery of the lost Roman herb"
500:Heart shapes can be seen on various
1589:
1258:: a possible identity for silphium.
1069:go back to the royal banner of the
672:, 1706 print after the 1530 design.
392:plant, used in ancient times as an
199:, the heart symbol has been called
13:
1366:
1274:
496:with one heart symbol top of them.
225:(sword guard) of the style called
14:
2486:
2425:
2354:, Oxford University Press, 2011,
852:The use of the heart symbol as a
618:1486 depiction of the Five Wounds
334:in the Palazzo Publico in Siena (
112:used to express the idea of the "
1969:Daryaee, Touraj (January 2022).
1933:in the 1998 introduction to the
1526:
1514:
1498:
1486:
1342:
1328:
1314:
1246:
1229:
1203:
1187:
999:
983:
967:
955:
939:
923:
911:
802:
778:
762:
735:
705:
689:
677:
661:
623:
611:
591:
567:
456:
437:
417:
86:
60:
46:
2322:
2302:
2288:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2202:
2153:
2140:
2127:
2116:
2107:
2050:
2037:
2025:
2013:
1999:
1981:
1962:
1948:
1923:
1904:
1859:
1849:
1837:
1816:
1799:
606:) in a 15th-century manuscript.
300:(caritas) handing her heart to
240:
2344:
2113:Cologne Mn Kn 28-1181 fol. 116
1993:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1779:
1759:
1739:
1715:
1675:
1619:
1595:
1283:of approximately heart-shaped
1:
2402:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07224-5
2159:C. Weyers in: Stengel (ed.),
2007:"Textile Gallery | IAMM"
1584:
810:
751:
724:
639:
513:
464:
445:
380:since the late 15th century.
350:
335:
324:
180:, a plant possibly used as a
161:Similar shapes from antiquity
16:Symbol representing the heart
2350:Martin Kemp, "The Heart" in
2210:Scotland's Historic Heraldry
1697:(1–2): 59–66. Archived from
1349:Parametric plot of the curve
742:Allegorical painting of the
476:Renaissance and early modern
288:in his 1305 painting in the
7:
1555:, Latin adjectives meaning
1538:
1263:
1147:and belonging to the genus
1011:
229:(lit., inverted egg shaped
203:(猪目), meaning the eye of a
93:A typical depiction of the
10:
2491:
2440:15th-century introductions
1913:"Sowing the seeds of love"
1267:
1210:Example of a heart-shaped
1136:
1015:
904:American Heart Association
155:
18:
1901:, Tuesday, Feb. 13, 2007.
1607:Google Arts & Culture
1194:Ancient silver coin from
845:artifacts as a symbol of
825:
787:Marguerite Marie Alacoque
170:Indus Valley civilisation
124:sense. Represented by an
53:Conventional heart symbol
2102:antiquemapsandprints.com
2057:gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca
1956:"Incrustation de meuble"
1845:Royal Library of Belgium
1787:
1767:
1747:
1723:
1684:"The Coins and the Cult"
1108:William, Lord of Douglas
1033:Principality of Lüneburg
534:at the behest of Prince
1127:ecclesiastical heraldry
1067:coat of arms of Denmark
860:," introduced in 1977.
195:Since ancient times in
2224:McAndrew 2006, p. 213.
1843:MS 4459–70, fol 192v.
1663:Zaria Gorvett (2017).
1493:Implicit heart surface
1470:
1095:in Italian) as in the
1062:
1051:
1039:(d. 1213) who married
750:. By Robert la Longe,
721:Philippe de Champaigne
645:), showing the author
632:
530:that was designed for
497:
485:
426:
365:
361:Francesco da Barberino
278:
270:
22:Heart § Symbolism
2362:P. J. Vinken (2000),
1471:
1217:Heracleum sphondylium
1106:A seal attributed to
1057:
1045:Valdemar I of Denmark
1030:
744:Sacred Heart of Jesus
517: 90 BC – 637 AD
491:
483:
34:. For the candy, see
1897:by Keelin McDonell,
1574:, or passionate love
1355:
1337:(x + y − 1) − xy = 0
1335:Implicit heart curve
1139:Silphium (antiquity)
1031:Coat of arms of the
542:Fortress during the
394:herbal contraceptive
188:. Silver coins from
2395:(9299): 2155–2157,
2163:, Volume 54, 2008,
1795:on 26 October 2017.
1735:on 30 January 2021.
1603:"Pendant - unknown"
1238:Ferula assa-foetida
1145:classical antiquity
1133:Botanical symbolism
1119:early modern period
1060:Laukaa municipality
1035:, originating with
884:Super Mario Bros. 2
875:"health" or "lives"
841:boxes, and similar
634:Petit Livre d'Amour
630:Miniature from the
347:Santa Maria Novella
332:Ambrogio Lorenzetti
321:Florence Baptistery
298:allegory of charity
2381:General references
2309:Weisstein, Eric W.
2266:10.1007/BF02866492
2062:2006-10-10 at the
1813:, pp.368, p.96–99.
1653:, October 13, 2006
1466:
1465:
1380:
1214:fruit in a plant (
1063:
1052:
713:Augustine of Hippo
576:Belle, Bonne, Sage
498:
486:
2373:978-0-444-82987-0
2329:Eric W. Weisstein
1936:Vagina Monologues
1755:on 30 April 2022.
1651:The Straight Dope
1572:Passion (emotion)
1457:
1270:hearts in Unicode
1103:family of Milan.
948:Vinegar Valentine
604:Lance of Longinus
428:Roman de la poire
367:Documenti d'amore
343:Andrea da Firenze
272:Roman de la poire
75:, or the pain of
2482:
2455:Late Middle Ages
2450:Heraldic charges
2421:
2404:
2376:
2339:
2326:
2320:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2206:
2200:
2174:
2168:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2138:
2131:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2074:. Archived from
2054:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1971:"اسب های بالدار"
1966:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1902:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1870:. Archived from
1863:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1731:. Archived from
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1654:
1642:
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1599:
1590:Inline citations
1530:
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1456:
1401:
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1346:
1332:
1318:
1281:parametrisations
1255:Ferula tingitana
1250:
1233:
1207:
1191:
1112:Robert the Bruce
1071:kings of Denmark
1003:
987:
971:
959:
943:
927:
915:
815:
812:
806:
795:pulmonary artery
782:
769:Leaden heart of
766:
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739:
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709:
693:
681:
665:
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637:
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571:
548:Lazarus Spengler
544:Diet of Augsburg
518:
515:
469:
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450:
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441:
431:
421:
385:Late Middle Ages
370:
355:
352:
340:
337:
329:
326:
290:Scrovegni Chapel
281:
275:
227:toran gata tsuba
213:Buddhist temples
90:
64:
50:
39:
25:
2490:
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2289:
2254:Economic Botany
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2207:
2203:
2175:
2171:
2158:
2154:
2150:(2011), p. 193.
2145:
2141:
2137:(2011), p. 193.
2132:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2072:"Archived copy"
2070:
2064:Wayback Machine
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1928:
1924:
1909:
1905:
1893:
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1877:
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1866:
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1789:
1785:
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1760:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1727:(in Japanese).
1725:
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1339:
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1277:
1275:Parametrisation
1272:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1242:
1234:
1225:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1141:
1135:
1082:Flags of Frisia
1025:
1014:
1007:
1004:
995:
988:
979:
972:
963:
960:
951:
944:
935:
932:Valentine's Day
928:
919:
916:
869:Hjerte (symbol)
864:Outdoor toilets
843:popular culture
832:Valentine's Day
828:
821:
813:
807:
798:
783:
774:
767:
758:
754:
740:
731:
727:
719:), painting by
710:
701:
694:
685:
682:
673:
666:
657:
649:
642:
628:
619:
616:
607:
596:
587:
584:Chantilly Codex
572:
516:
478:
471:
467:
461:
452:
448:
442:
433:
432:, 13th century.
422:
353:
338:
327:
243:
174:National Museum
163:
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102:
101:
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91:
82:
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65:
56:
55:
54:
51:
40:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2488:
2478:
2477:
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2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2427:
2426:External links
2424:
2423:
2422:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2359:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2333:"Heart Curve."
2321:
2301:
2287:
2260:(2): 133–143.
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2201:
2169:
2152:
2139:
2126:
2115:
2106:
2049:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1998:
1980:
1961:
1947:
1931:Gloria Steinem
1922:
1903:
1884:
1858:
1848:
1836:
1834:Vinken (2001).
1824:
1815:
1798:
1788:倒卵形鐔（とうらんがたつば）
1778:
1775:on 8 May 2021.
1758:
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1310:
1309:
1305:implicit curve
1291:, which is an
1276:
1273:
1268:Main article:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1209:
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1200:
1193:
1186:
1137:Main article:
1134:
1131:
1049:Henry the Lion
1043:, daughter of
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32:(Prince album)
15:
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2445:Heart symbols
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2190:0-7153-4464-1
2187:
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2103:
2098:
2092:
2078:on 2013-09-27
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1874:on 2010-12-20
1873:
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1819:
1812:
1811:9780199581115
1808:
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1704:on 2023-02-17
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1567:Heart in hand
1565:
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1196:Cyrene, Libya
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1181:
1177:
1173:
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1160:
1159:abortifacient
1156:
1155:contraceptive
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1140:
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1128:
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895:
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871:
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861:
859:
855:
850:
848:
847:romantic love
844:
840:
836:
833:
819:
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621:
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594:
589:
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581:
580:Baude Cordier
577:
570:
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564:
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560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:Martin Luther
529:
525:
520:
511:
507:
503:
495:
494:winged horses
490:
482:
459:
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440:
435:
430:
429:
420:
415:
414:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
381:
379:
378:playing cards
374:
369:
368:
362:
357:
349:in Florence (
348:
344:
333:
322:
318:
317:Andrea Pisano
314:
310:
306:
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295:
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198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
182:contraceptive
179:
175:
171:
167:
153:
151:
147:
143:
142:romantic love
140:, especially
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
96:
89:
78:
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70:
69:romantic love
63:
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2257:
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2204:
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2155:
2147:
2142:
2134:
2129:
2118:
2109:
2080:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2052:
2047:(March 2012)
2039:
2027:
2015:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1964:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1929:Proposed by
1925:
1916:
1906:
1876:. Retrieved
1872:the original
1861:
1851:
1839:
1818:
1801:
1793:the original
1781:
1773:the original
1761:
1753:the original
1741:
1733:the original
1717:
1706:. Retrieved
1699:the original
1694:
1690:
1677:
1668:
1658:
1645:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1557:heart-shaped
1556:
1279:A number of
1278:
1253:
1236:
1215:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1125:depicted in
1123:Sacred Heart
1116:
1105:
1097:canting arms
1092:
1086:
1078:
1064:
1021:
1018:inescutcheon
991:
976:Have a Heart
975:
892:
882:
872:
862:
851:
829:
818:José de Páez
716:
696:The Danish "
575:
574:The chanson
556:
521:
499:
408:, or spread
382:
358:
309:Taddeo Gaddi
284:
267:
251:
244:
241:Earliest use
234:
230:
226:
220:
200:
194:
164:
150:lovesickness
132:, including
126:anatomically
118:metaphorical
106:heart symbol
105:
103:
95:Sacred Heart
77:lovesickness
29:
2345:Works cited
2068:i-p-c-s.org
1975:Bukhara 147
1940:online copy
1172:aphrodisiac
1121:, with the
992:The Orderly
900:cholesterol
894:Castlevania
879:video games
814: 1770
755: 1705
728: 1650
670:Luther rose
650: [
647:Pierre Sala
643: 1500
600:Five Wounds
524:Luther rose
468: 1336
449: 1305
406:pubic mound
354: 1365
339: 1340
328: 1337
313:Santa Croce
296:) shows an
279:doux regard
261:and of the
247:Middle Ages
186:aphrodisiac
36:Love Hearts
30:Love Symbol
2460:Pictograms
2434:Categories
2389:The Lancet
2208:McAndrew,
2082:2013-03-17
1878:2013-05-27
1724:幸せの猪目（いのめ）
1708:2018-01-14
1691:Expedition
1612:2020-10-21
1585:References
1562:Hand heart
1323:(animated)
1293:epicycloid
1168:asafoetida
1075:water-lily
1022:en surtout
698:Heart Book
373:Cistercian
263:water-lily
73:lovestruck
2337:MathWorld
2317:MathWorld
1899:Slate.com
1748:お寺にハートマーク
1729:Hase-dera
1634:(2): 6–8.
1448:
1442:−
1433:
1424:−
1415:
1406:−
1398:
1384:
1295:with one
1089:testicles
906:in 1995.
854:logograph
554:10:10)."
512:capital (
506:Ctesiphon
341:) and by
205:wild boar
134:affection
116:" in its
110:ideograph
2419:37917232
2411:11784647
2313:Cardioid
2282:32144481
2212:, 2006,
2198:02-20303
2182:page 203
2123:fol. 13r
2091:cite web
2060:Archived
1578:Seeblatt
1553:Cordatus
1549:Cordatum
1539:See also
1301:seeblatt
1289:cardioid
1264:Encoding
1222:Apiaceae
1212:mericarp
1166:species
1101:Colleoni
1093:coglioni
1012:Heraldry
889:hexagons
793:and the
771:Raesfeld
526:was the
402:buttocks
390:silphium
178:silphium
122:symbolic
2470:Symbols
2465:Romance
2315:" from
2274:4256173
1917:The Age
1856:since."
1768:猪目(いのめ)
1628:Celator
1545:Cordata
1099:of the
1020:placed
994:(1921).
978:(1913).
717:Veritas
510:Persian
398:breasts
217:castles
184:and an
156:History
130:emotion
71:(being
2417:
2409:
2370:
2356:81–113
2280:
2272:
2214:p. 141
2196:
2188:
2165:p. 100
1958:. 539.
1809:
1285:curves
1164:Ferula
1150:Ferula
1041:Helena
858:I ♥ NY
826:Modern
552:Romans
540:Coburg
508:, the
502:stucco
330:), by
305:Christ
286:Giotto
190:Cyrene
166:Peepal
108:is an
2415:S2CID
2335:From
2278:S2CID
2270:JSTOR
1702:(PDF)
1687:(PDF)
1180:India
1176:Tibet
934:card.
839:candy
835:cards
791:aorta
748:Putti
654:]
559:aorta
410:vulva
315:, by
302:Jesus
294:Padua
235:tsuba
231:tsuba
222:tsuba
201:Inome
197:Japan
146:arrow
114:heart
2475:Love
2407:PMID
2368:ISBN
2194:LCCN
2186:ISBN
2097:link
1807:ISBN
1551:and
1297:cusp
1178:and
1157:and
1079:e.g.
668:The
557:The
528:seal
522:The
388:the
138:love
136:and
104:The
2397:doi
2393:358
2311:, "
2262:doi
1669:BBC
1445:cos
1430:cos
1412:cos
1395:cos
1373:sin
1174:in
1084:).
946:A "
877:in
816:by
578:by
519:).
363:'s
345:in
311:in
259:ivy
255:fig
120:or
2436::
2413:,
2405:,
2391:,
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2276:.
2268:.
2258:53
2256:.
2192:.
2180:,
2093:}}
2089:{{
2066:,
1991:.
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