2586:, Evan A. Leach, and Leigh S. Shaffer gained 60 responses from Heathens in the U.S. Of these respondents, 65% were male and 35% female, which Berger, Leach, and Shaffer noted was the "opposite" of the female majority trend within the rest of the country's Pagan community. The majority had a college education, but were generally less well educated than the wider Pagan community, and also had a lower median income. From her experience within the community, Snook concurred that the majority of American Heathens were male, adding that most were white and middle-aged, but believed that there had been a growth in the proportion of female Heathens in the U.S. since the mid-1990s. Subsequent assessments have suggested a larger support base; 10,000 to 20,000 according to McNallen in 2006, and 7,878 according to the 2014 census. In 2018, the scholar of religion Jefferson F. Calico suggested that it was likely there were between 8000 and 20,000 Heathens in the U.S.
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his experience researching Danish
Heathens, Amster stated that while it was possible to obtain membership figures of Heathen organisations, it was "impossible to estimate" the number of unaffiliated solo practitioners. Conversely, in 2015, Gregorius estimated that there were at most a thousand Heathens in Swedenâboth affiliated and unaffiliatedâhowever observed that practitioners often perceived their numbers as being several times higher than this. Although noting that there were no clear figures available for the gender balance within the community, he cited practitioners who say that there are more men active within Swedish Heathen organisations. Schnurbein observed that most Heathens in Scandinavia were middle-class professionals aged between thirty and sixty.
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In referring to
Heathens in the U.S., Snook, Thad Horrell, and Kristen Horton noted that practitioners "almost always formulate oppositional identities" to Christianity. Through her research, Schnurbein found that during the 1980s many Heathens in Europe had been motivated to join the religion in part by their own anti-Christian ethos, but that this attitude had become less prominent among the Heathen community as the significance of the Christian churches had declined in Western nations after that point. Conversely, in 2018 Calico noted that a "deep antipathy" to Christianity was still "quite close to the surface for many American Heathens", with anti-Christian sentiment often being expressed through humor in that community. Many Heathens are also involved in
1404:, seasonal observances, oath takings, rites devoted to a specific deity, and for rites of need. These rites also serve as identity practices which mark the adherents out as Heathens. Strmiska noted that in Iceland, Heathen rituals had been deliberately constructed in an attempt to recreate or pay tribute to the ritual practices of pre-Christian Icelanders, although there was also space in which these rituals could reflect innovation, changing in order to suit the tastes and needs of contemporary practitioners. In addition to meeting for ritual practices, many Heathen kindreds also organize study sessions to meet and discuss Medieval texts pertaining to pre-Christian religion; among U.S. Heathens, it is common to refer to theirs as a "religion with homework".
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1290:. These are small groups, often family units, and usually consist of between five and fifteen members. They are often bound together by oaths of loyalty, with strict screening procedures regulating the admittance of new members. Prospective members may undergo a probationary period before they are fully accepted and welcomed into the group, while other groups remain closed to all new members. Heathen groups are largely independent and autonomous, although they typically network with other Heathen groups, particularly in their region. There are other followers of the religion who are not affiliated with such groups, operating as solitary practitioners, with these individuals often remaining in contact with other practitioners through
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revelation through dreams, which they interpret as having been provided by the gods. As with other religions, a sensation of "coming home" has also been reported by many
Heathens who have converted to the movement, however Calico thought such a narrative was "not characteristic" of most U.S. Heathens. Pizza suggested that, on the basis of her research among the Heathen community in the American Midwest, that many Euro-American practitioners were motivated to join the movement both out of a desire to "find roots" within historical European cultures and to meet "a genuine need for spiritual connections and community".
1326:. These individuals are rarely seen as intermediaries between practitioners and deities, instead having the role of facilitating and leading group ceremonies and being learned in the lore and traditions of the religion. Many kindreds believe that anyone can take on the position of priest, with members sharing organisational duties and taking turns in leading the rites. In other groups, it is considered necessary for the individual to gain formal credentials from an accredited Heathen organisation in order to be recognised as a priest. In a few groupsâparticularly those of the early 20th century which operated as
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balance between the two in northern and western Europe than in other regions. He also found that the
Heathen community contained a greater percentage of transgender individuals, at 2%, than is estimated to be present in the wider population. Similarly, Cragle's research found a greater proportion of LGBT practitioners within Heathenry (21%) than wider society, although noted that the percentage was lower than in other forms of modern Paganism. Cragle also found that in every region except Latin America, the majority of Heathens were middle-aged, and that most were of European descent.
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2326:, Australia, and Iceland, largely independently from each other. This has been partly attributed to the wider growth of the modern Pagan movement during the 1960s and 1970s, as well as the development of the New Age milieu, both of which encouraged the establishment of new religious movements intent on reviving pre-Christian belief systems. Further Heathen groups then emerged in the 1990s and 2000s, many of which distanced themselves from overtly political agendas and placed a stronger emphasis on historical authenticity than their 1960s and 1970s forebears.
1519:: the throat of the sacrificial animal is slashed with a sharp knife, and the blood is collected in a bowl before being sprinkled onto both participants of the rite and statues of the gods. Animals used for this purpose have included poultry as well as larger mammals like sheep and pigs, with the meat then being consumed by those attending the rite. Some practitioners have made alterations to this procedure: Strmiska noted two American Heathens who decided to use a rifle shot to the head to kill the animal swiftly, a decision made after they witnessed a
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320:. Heathenry has been defined as "a broad contemporary Pagan new religious movement (NRM) that is consciously inspired by the linguistically, culturally, and (in some definitions) ethnically 'Germanic' societies of Iron Age and early medieval Europe as they existed prior to Christianization", and as a "movement to revive and/or reinterpret for the present day the practices and worldviews of the pre-Christian cultures of northern Europe (or, more particularly, the Germanic speaking cultures)".
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1061:; few view it as a literal prophecy of future events. Instead, it is often treated as a symbolic warning of the danger that humanity faces if it acts unwisely in relation to both itself and the natural world. The death of the gods at Ragnarök is often viewed as a reminder of the inevitability of death and the importance of living honorably and with integrity until one dies. Alternately, ethno-nationalist Heathens have interpreted Ragnarök as a prophecy of a
1129:. Evoking a life-affirming ethos, Heathen ethics focus on the ideals of honor, courage, integrity, hospitality, and hard work, and strongly emphasize loyalty to family. It is common for practitioners to be expected to keep their word, particularly sworn oaths. There is thus a strong individualist ethos focused around personal responsibility, and a common motto within the Heathen community is that "We are our deeds". Most Heathens reject the concept of
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1851:, a tradition that they share with Wiccans and several other contemporary Pagan groups. Others celebrate only six of these festivals, as represented by a six-spoked Wheel of the Year. The use of such festivals is criticized by other practitioners, who highlight that this system is of mid-20th century origin and does not link with the original religious celebrations of the pre-Christian Germanic world.
448:". As the religious studies scholar Fredrik Gregorius states, despite the fact that "no real continuity" exists between Heathenry and the pre-Christian belief systems of Germanic Europe, Heathen practitioners often dislike being considered adherents of a "new religion" or "modern invention" and thus prefer to depict theirs as a "traditional faith". Many practitioners avoid using the scholarly,
437:. Some adherents are deeply knowledgeable as to the specifics of northern European society in the Iron Age and Early Medieval periods; however for most practitioners their main source of information about the pre-Christian past is fictional literature and popular accounts of Norse mythology. Many express a romanticized view of this past, sometimes perpetuating misconceptions about it; the
1154:. This was first developed by the founders of the UK-based Odinic Rite in the 1970s, although it has spread internationally, with 77% of respondents to a 2015 survey of Heathens reporting its use in some form. There are different forms of the NNV, with the number nine having symbolic associations in Norse mythology. Opinion is divided on the NNV; some practitioners deem them too
1036:, which refers to the actions and interrelationships of all beings throughout the cosmos. In the community, these three figures are sometimes termed "Past, Present and Future", "Being, Becoming, and Obligation" or "Initiation, Becoming, Unfolding". It is believed that an individual can navigate through the wyrd, and thus, the Heathen worldview oscillates between concepts of
1467:, which is contained within a bowl. The gods are invoked and requests expressed for their aid, as the priest uses a sprig or branch of an evergreen tree to sprinkle mead onto both statues of the deities and the assembled participants. This procedure might be scripted or largely improvised. Finally, the bowl of mead is poured onto a fire, or onto the earth, as a final
1415:, or Thor's hammer, which is worn as a pendant, featured in Heathen art, and used as a gesture in ritual. It is sometimes used to express a particular affinity with the god Thor, however is also often used as a symbol of Heathenism as a whole, in particular representing the resilience and vitality of the religion. Another commonly used Heathen symbol is the
468:. A 2015 survey of the Heathen community found equal numbers of practitioners (36%) regarding their religion as a reconstruction as those who regarded it as a direct continuation of ancient belief systems; only 22% acknowledged it to be modern but historically inspired, although this was the dominant interpretation among practitioners in Nordic countries.
2294:. Politically racialist, Mills viewed Odinism as a religion for what he considered to be the "British race", and he deemed it to be in a cosmic battle with the Judeo-Christian religion. Having formulated "his own unique blend" of Ariosophy, Mills was heavily influenced by von List's writings. Some of Heathenry's roots have also been traced back to the
1869:"Far from being a monolithic entity, in the United States is extremely diverse, with many distinct ideological variations and organizations with profoundly different opinions concerning what AsatrĂș/Odinism is all about. The key divisive issues are centered on race and for whom the Nordic path is intended."
1844:. Additional festivals are also marked by Heathen practice throughout the year. These often include days which commemorate individuals who fought against the Christianization of northern Europe, or who led armies and settlers into new lands. Some Heathen groups hold festivals dedicated to a specific deity.
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Adherents of
Heathenry can be found in Europe, North America, and Australasia, with more recent communities also establishing in Latin America. They are mostly found in those areas with a Germanic cultural inheritance, although they are present in several other regions. In 2007, the religious studies
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greatly aided the propagation of
Heathenry in various parts of the world. That decade also saw the strong growth of racist Heathenry among those incarcerated within the U.S. prison system as a result of outreach programs established by various Heathen groups, a project begun in the 1980s. During this
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In Sweden, the first
Heathen groups developed in the 1970s; early examples included the Breidablikk-Gildet (Guild of Breidablikk) founded in 1975 and the Telge Fylking founded in 1987, the latter of which diverged from the former by emphasising a non-racialist interpretation of the religion. In 1994,
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members of the U.S.-based Troth, while many of its white members have spouses from different racial groups. While sometimes retaining the idea of
Heathenry as an indigenous religion, proponents of this view have sometimes argued that Heathenry is indigenous to the land of northern Europe, rather than
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that should be followed by members of no other racial group, and the "ethnic" faction which seeks a middle-path by acknowledging the religion's roots in northern Europe and its connection with those of northern
European heritage. The religious studies scholar Stefanie von Schnurbein adopted Gardell's
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By 2003, the
Icelandic Heathen organisation ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ° had 777 members, by 2015, it reported 2,400 members, and by January 2017 it numbered 3,583 members, constituting just over 1% of the Icelandic population. In Iceland, Heathenry has an impact larger than the number of its adherents. Based on
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The United States likely contains the largest Heathen community in the world. While deeming it impossible to calculate the exact size of the Heathen community in the U.S., in the mid-1990s the sociologist Jeffrey Kaplan estimated that there were around 500 active practitioners in the country, with a
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Cragle's 2015 survey indicated that 45% of Heathens had been raised as Christians, although 21% had previously had no religious affiliation or been atheists or agnostics. Practitioners typically live within Christian majority societies, however often state that Christianity has little to offer them.
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In Germany, various groups were established that explicitly rejected their religion's völkisch and right-wing past, most notably Rabenclan (Raven's Clan) in 1994 and Nornirs Ătt (Kin of the Norns) in 2005. Several foreign Heathen organisations also established a presence in the German Heathen scene;
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had been re-established. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, there was a social stigma surrounding völkisch ideas and groups, along with a common perception that the mythologies of the pre-Christian Germanic societies had been tainted through their usage by the Nazi administration, an attitude that to
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focused increasing attention on the pre-Christian belief systems of Germanic Europe, with various Romanticist intellectuals expressing the opinion that these ancient religions were "more natural, organic and positive" than Christianity. Such an attitude was promoted by the scholarship of Romanticist
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is simpler and less ritualized; in this case, it can involve a practitioner setting some food aside, sometimes without words, for either gods or wights. Some Heathens perform such rituals on a daily basis, although for others it is a more occasional performance. Aside from honoring deities, communal
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The sociologist Jennifer Snook noted that as with all religions, Heathenry is "intimately connected" to politics, with practitioners' political and religious beliefs influencing one another. As a result of the religion's emphasis on honoring the land and its wights, many Heathens take an interest in
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on another, and the divinities on two further realms. Most practitioners believe that this is a poetic or symbolic description of the cosmos, with the different levels representing higher realms beyond the material plane of existence. The world tree is also interpreted by some in the community as an
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and live within the home, where they can be propitiated with offerings of food. Some Heathens interact with these entities and provide offerings to them more often than they do with the gods and goddesses. Wights are often identified with various creatures from northwestern European folklore such as
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No central religious authority exists to impose a particular terminological designation on all practitioners. Hence, different Heathen groups have used different words to describe both their religion and themselves, with these terms often conveying meaning about their socio-political beliefs as well
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Many Heathens cite a childhood interest in German folk tales or Norse myths as having led them to take an interest in Heathenry; others have instead attributed their introduction to depictions of Norse religion in popular culture. Others involved themselves in the religion after experiencing direct
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Heathen festivals can be held on the same day each year, however are often celebrated by Heathen communities on the nearest available weekend, so that those practitioners who work during the week can attend. During these ceremonies, Heathens often recite poetry to honor the deities, which typically
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from later periods in European history. Among many Heathens, this material is referred to as the "Lore" and studying it is an important part of their religion. Some textual sources nevertheless remain problematic as a means of "reconstructing" pre-Christian belief systems, because they were written
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in Norse mythology. Heathens view their connection with their deities not as being that of a master and servant but rather as an interdependent relationship akin to that of a family. For them, these deities serve as both examples and role models whose behavior is to be imitated. Many practitioners
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stated that it was impossible to develop a precise figure for the number of Heathens across the world. A self-selected census in 2013 found 16,700 members in 98 countries, the bulk of whom lived in the United States. In 2016, Schnurbein stated that there were probably no more than 20,000 Heathens
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developing this into a concept which he termed "metagenetics". McNallen and many others in the "ethnic" faction of Heathenry explicitly deny that they are racist, although Gardell noted that their views would be deemed racist under certain definitions of the word. Gardell considered many "ethnic"
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remain a source of tension within the community. Some right-wing Heathen groups view homosexuality as being incompatible with a family-oriented ethos and thus censure same-sex sexual activity. Other groups legitimize openness toward LGBT practitioners by reference to the gender-bending actions of
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in Southeastern England. Many Germanic Neopagans are also concerned with the preservation of heritage sites, and some practitioners have expressed concern regarding archaeological excavation of prehistoric and Early Medieval burials, believing that it is disrespectful to the individuals interred,
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from continental sources. Some practitioners adopt the belief, taken from Norse mythology, that there are two sets of deities, the Ăsir and the Vanir. Certain practitioners blend the different regions and times together, for instance using a mix of Old English and Old Norse names for the deities,
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were thwarted. The Heathen movement probably never had more than a few thousand followers during its 1920s heyday, however it held the allegiance of many middle-class intellectuals, including journalists, artists, illustrators, scholars, and teachers, and thus exerted a wider influence on German
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performed to thank the deities and gain their favor. Such sacrifices have generally proved impractical for most modern practitioners or altogether rejected, due in part to the fact that skills in animal slaughter are not widely taught, while the slaughter of animals is regulated by government in
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of gods and goddesses, with adherents offering their allegiance and worship to some or all of them. Most practitioners are polytheistic realists, referring to themselves as "hard" or "true polytheists" and believing in the literal existence of the deities as individual entities. Others express a
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There are a small number of Heathens in Poland, where they have established a presence on social media. The majority of these Polish Heathens belong to the non-racist wing of the movement. There are also a few Heathens in the Slovenian Pagan scene, where they are outnumbered by practitioners of
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Contrasting with this binary division, Gardell divides Heathenry in the United States into three groups according to their stances on race: the "anti-racist" group which denounces any association between the religion and racial identity, the "radical racist" faction which sees it as the natural
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The ways in which Heathens use this historical and archaeological material differ; some seek to reconstruct past beliefs and practices as accurately as possible, while others openly experiment with this material and embrace new innovations. Some, for instance, adapt their practices according to
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Schnurbein noted that, while there were some exceptions, most Heathen groups were 60â70% male in their composition. On the basis of his sociological research, Joshua Marcus Cragle agreed that the religion contained a greater proportion of men than women, but observed that there was a more even
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have emphasized the fact that ancient northern Europeans were known to marry and have children with members of other ethnic groups, and that in Norse mythology the Ăsir also did the same with Vanir, Jötun, and humans, thus using such points to critique the racialist view. Universalists welcome
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Some practitioners do not emphasize belief in an afterlife, instead stressing the importance of behaviour and reputation in this world. In Icelandic Heathenry, there is no singular dogmatic belief about the afterlife. A common Heathen belief is that a human being has multiple souls, which are
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believe that they can communicate with these deities, as well as negotiate, bargain, and argue with them, and hope that through venerating them, practitioners will gain wisdom, understanding, power, or visionary insights. In Heathen ritual practices, the deities are typically represented as
1907:" and "nonracialist" campsâoften clash. The universalist and folkish division has also spread to other countries, although has had less impact in the more ethnically homogeneous Iceland. A 2015 survey revealed a greater number of Heathens subscribed to universalist ideas than folkish ones.
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Some Heathens seek out common elements found throughout Germanic Europe during the Iron Age and Early Middle Ages, using those as the basis for their contemporary beliefs and practices. Conversely, others draw inspiration from the beliefs and practices of a specific geographical area and
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ceremony. According to Snook, the sumbel has a strong social role, representing "a game of politicking, of socializing, cementing bonds of peace and friendship and forming new relationships" within the Heathen community. During her ethnographic research, Pizza observed an example of a
2455:, which declared its independence in 2000. The first organised Heathen groups in the Czech Republic emerged in the late 1990s. From 2000 to 2008, a Czech Heathen group that adopted a Pan-Germanic approach to the religion was active under the name of Heathen Hearts from Biohaemum.
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using runes; as part of this, items with runic markings on them might be pulled out of a bag or bundle, and read accordingly. In some cases, different runes are associated with different deities, one of the nine realms, or aspects of life. It is common for Heathens to utilize the
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Exponents of the universalist, anti-racist approach believe that the deities of Germanic Europe can call anyone to their worship, regardless of ethnic background. This group rejects the folkish emphasis on race, believing that even if unintended, it can lead to the adoption of
1990:. This group's discourse contains much talk of "ancestors" and "homelands", concepts that may be very vaguely defined. Ethno-centrist Heathens are heavily critical of their universalist counterparts, often declaring that the latter have been misled by New Age literature and
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Ethical debates within the community also arise when some practitioners believe that the religious practices of certain co-religionists conflict with the religion's "conservative ideas of proper decorum". For instance, while many Heathens eschew worship of the Norse god
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supported his call, resulting in the formation of both the Bund fĂŒr Persönlichkeitskultur (League for the Culture of the Personality) and the Deutscher Orden in 1911 and then the Germanische-Deutsche Religionsgemeinschaft (Germanic-German Religious Community) in 1912.
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being filled with mead and passed among the assembled participants, who either drink from it directly, or pour some into their own drinking vessels to consume. During this process, toasts are made, as are verbal tributes to gods, heroes, and ancestors. Then, oaths and
2536:, focusing on the early medieval societies of Germanic Europe; others are critical of this practice, believing that it blurs the boundary between real life and fantasy. Some adherents also practice Heathenry in tandem with other Pagan religions, such as Wicca or
763:âwho is adopted from Norse mythologyâis central to these groups' theology, which is often not the case. Moreover, the term is also used by at least one non-racialist group, the British Odinshof, who utilise it in reference to their particular dedication to Odin.
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Within the Heathen community of the United States, gender roles are based upon perceived ideals and norms found in Early Medieval northwestern Europe, in particular as they are presented in Old Norse sources. Among male American Heathens there is a trend toward
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draw upon or imitate the Early Medieval poems written in Old Norse or Old English. Mead or ale is also typically drunk, with offerings being given to deities, while fires, torches, or candles are often lit. There are also regional meetings of Heathens known as
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Jenny Blain characterises Heathenry as "a religion constructed from partial material", while the religious studies scholar Michael Strmiska describes its beliefs as being "riddled with uncertainty and historical confusion", thereby characterising it as a
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further thousand individuals on the periphery of the movement. He noted that the overwhelming majority of individuals in the American Heathen community were white, male, and young. Most had at least an undergraduate degree, and worked in a mix of
1682:; given its associations with both the ambiguity of sexuality and gender and the gods Odin and Loki in their unreliable trickster forms, many on the Heathen movement's right wing disapprove of it. While there are heterosexual male practitioners,
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Heathen rites often take place in non-public spaces, particularly in a practitioner's home. In other cases, Heathen places of worship have been established on plots of land specifically purchased for the purpose; these can represent either a
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while others keep them separate and only venerate deities from a particular region. Some groups focus their veneration on a particular deity; for instance, the Brotherhood of Wolves, a Czech Heathen group, center their worship on the deity
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indigenous to any specific race. Universalist Heathens often express frustration that some journalists depict Heathenry as an intrinsically racist movement, and use their online presence to stress their opposition to far-right politics.
1758:. These poems were originally written in a Christian context, although practitioners believe that they reflect themes present in pre-Christian, shamanistic religion, and thus re-appropriate and "Heathanise" them for contemporary usage.
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of Norse mythologyâare deemed to be baleful spirits; within the community it is often deemed taboo to provide offerings to them, however some practitioners still do so. Many Heathens also believe in and respect ancestral spirits, with
1515:. Such Heathens conceive of the slaughtered animal as a gift to the gods, and sometimes also as a "traveller" who is taking a message to the deities. Groups who perform such sacrifices typically follow the procedure outlined in the
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the Sveriges Asatrosamfund (Swedish Asatru Assembly) was founded, growing to become the largest Heathen organisation in the country. The first Norwegian Heathen group, Blindern Ă
satrulag, was established as a student group at the
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of laborâin which men are viewed as providers and women seen as being responsible for home and childrenâis also widespread among Heathens in the U.S. Due to its focus on traditional attitudes to sex and genderâvalues perceived as
198:. In the 1970s, new Heathen groups established in Europe and North America, developing into formalized organizations. A central division within the Heathen movement emerged surrounding the issue of race. Older groups adopted a
1184:. A 2015 survey of the Heathen community nevertheless found that a greater percentage of Heathens were opposed to traditional gender rules than in favor of them, with this being particularly the case in northern Europe.
1994:. Those adopting the "ethnic" folkish position have been criticized by both universalist and ethno-centrist factions, the former deeming "ethnic" Heathenry a front for racism and the latter deeming its adherents
1419:, used to represent the god Odin or Woden. Practitioners also commonly decorate their materialâand sometimes themselves, in the form of tattoosâwith runes, the alphabet used by Early Medieval Germanic languages.
1294:. A 2015 survey found that the majority of Heathens identified as solitary practitioners, with northern Europe constituting an exception to this; here, the majority of Heathens reported involvement in groups.
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in which the animal's throat was cut incorrectly and it slowly died in agony; they felt that such practices would have displeased the gods and accordingly brought harm upon those carrying out the sacrifice.
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in Western nationsâit has been argued that American Heathenry's ethical system is far closer to traditional Christian morals than the ethical systems espoused in many other Western Pagan religions such as
1305:, the two larger wooden idols Odin (left) and Frey (right). In front of them there are the three Norns, and in the front row a red Thor and other idols. In front of the cult images are two ritual hammers.
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first founded the Viking Brotherhood in the early 1970s, before creating the Asatru Free Assembly in 1976, which broke up in 1986 amid widespread political disagreements after McNallen's repudiation of
403:. Some practitioners who emphasize an approach that relies exclusively on historical and archaeological sources criticize such attitudes, denigrating those who practice them using the pejorative term "
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representing an important part of their religious practice. For Heathens, relationships with the ancestors are seen as grounding their own sense of identity and giving them strength from the past.
623:. This term is favored by practitioners who focus on the Nordic deities of Scandinavia, however is problematic as many self-identified Asatruar worship entities other than the Ăsir, such as the
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In Heathenry, moral and ethical views are based on the perceived ethics of Iron Age and Early Medieval northwestern Europe, in particular the actions of heroic figures who appear in Old Norse
818:. Since the 1970s, such negative attitudes towards polytheism have changed. Today Heathenry is usually characterised as being polytheistic, exhibiting a theological structure which includes a
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are also sometimes chanted, in order to create a communal mood and allow participants to enter into altered states of consciousness and request communication with deities. Some contemporary
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as an overarching scholarly term for the movement; Strmiska noted that this would also encompass those practitioners inspired by the belief systems of northeastern Europe's linguistically
1859:. At these, religious rites are performed, while workshops, stalls, feasts, and competitive games are also present. In the U.S., there are two national gatherings, Althing and Trothmoot.
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represents a major source of division among Heathens, particularly in the United States. Within the Heathen community, one viewpoint holds that race is entirely a matter of biological
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were also practicing Heathens, with many metal bands embracing the heroic masculinity embodied in Norse mythological figures like Odin and Thor. Heathen themes also appeared in the
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is used widely to describe the religion as a whole, many groups prefer different designations, influenced by their regional focus and ideological preferences. Heathens focusing on
2644:. Exponents of Heathenry are also found on websites in Serbia. In Russia, several far-right groups merge elements from Heathenry with aspects adopted from Slavic Native Faith and
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Snook, Jennifer; Horrell, Thad; Horton, Kristen (2017). "Heathens in the United States: The Return to 'Tribes' in the Construction of a Peoplehood". In Rountree, Kathryn (ed.).
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perspectives. A larger proportion of Heathens instead adopt a "universalist" perspective, holding that the religion is open to all, irrespective of ethnic or racial background.
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Pizza, Murphy (2015). "Fire and Ice in Midvestjard: American Religion and Norse Identity in Minnesota's Heathen Community". In Lewis, James R.; TĂžllefsen, Inga BĂ„rdsen (eds.).
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in 2003, by which time ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ° had accumulated 777 members and played a visible role in Icelandic society. In England, the British Committee for the Restoration of the
670:("the old way"); this is also a term reappropriated from Christian usage, having previously been used in a derogatory sense to describe pre-Christian religion in the Old Norse
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from the 1990s, where lyrics and themes often expressed a longing for a pre-Christian "Northern past"; the mass media typically associated this music genre with Satanism. The
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Witulski, Vladimir (2013). "'Imported' Paganisms in Poland in the Twenty-First Century: A Sketch of the Developing Landscape". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.).
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For example, the ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°'s website state that "We particularly reject the use of ĂsatrĂș as a justification for supremacy ideology, militarism and animal sacrifice."
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1786:, but this is not regarded as an intrinsic part of Heathenry because it was not a common feature of pre-Christian rituals in Iron Age and Early Medieval Germanic Europe.
175:, to perform their rites outdoors or in specially constructed buildings. Heathen ethical systems emphasize honor, personal integrity, and loyalty, while beliefs about an
1101:, the hall of Freyja. Beliefs regarding reincarnation vary widely among Heathens, although one common belief is that individuals are reborn within their family or clan.
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in which the white race will overthrow who these Heathens perceive as their oppressors and establish a future society based on Heathen religion. The political scientist
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is largely associated with women and gay men, and a 2015 survey of Heathens found that women were more likely to have engaged in it than men. One member of the Troth,
1002:. Different types of being are believed to inhabit these different realms; for instance, humans live on Midgard, while dwarfs live on another realm, elves on another,
1212:. Heathen groups have participated in tree planting, raising money to purchase woodland, and campaigning against the construction of a railway between London and the
576:, but accepted that this term excluded those Heathens who are particularly inspired by the pre-Christian belief systems of non-Nordic Germanic societies, such as the
273:. Scholarly estimates put the number of Heathens at no more than 20,000 worldwide, with communities of practitioners active in Europe, the Americas, and Australasia.
2291:
910:, and are instead viewed as having their own strengths and weaknesses. Many practitioners believe that these deities will one day die, as did, for instance, the god
529:â"of a (foreign) people". The word was used by Early Medieval Christian writers in Germanic Europe to describe non-Christians; by using it, practitioners seek to
190:
groups actively venerating the deities of these societies appeared in Germany and Austria during the 1900s and 1910s, although they largely dissolved following
8496:
Gregorius, Fredrik (2006). "The 'Allgermanische Heidnische Front' and Old Norse Religion". In Andrén, Anders; Jennbert, Kristina; Raudvere, Catharina (eds.).
2218:, who wanted to unite these disparate Heathen groups. While active throughout the Nazi era, his hopes that his "German Faith" would be declared the official
560:, although the latter is an "artificial term" developed by scholars with little use within the Heathen community. Alternately, Blain suggested the use of
1350:. The Heathen community has made various attempts to construct hofs in different parts of the world. In 2014 the Ăsaheimur Temple was opened in Efri Ăs,
2167:, who established a religion that he termed "Wotanism", with an inner core that he referred to as "Armanism". List's Wotanism was based heavily on the
1816:
Different Heathen groups celebrate different festivals according to their cultural and religious focus. The most widely observed Heathen festivals are
834:
Heathenry's deities are adopted from the pre-Christian belief systems found in the various societies of Germanic Europe; they include divinities like
2270:
The völkisch movement also manifested itself in 1930s Norway within the milieu surrounding such groups as the Ragnarok Circle and Hans S. Jacobsen's
1471:
to the gods. Sometimes, a communal meal is held afterward; in some groups this is incorporated as part of the ritual itself. In other instances, the
460:. In identifying with indigeneity, some Heathensâparticularly in the United Statesâattempt to frame themselves as the victims of Medieval Christian
10350:
7810:
1710:-worker has genuinely received divine communication, and the fear that it will be used by some practitioners merely to bolster their own prestige.
129:
view of the cosmos in which the natural world is imbued with spirits. The religion's deities and spirits are honored in sacrificial rites known as
5939:
2397:. As the group expanded in size, Hansen's leadership caused schisms, and to retain the unity of the movement, he stepped down and was replaced by
2038:
1511:
In 2007 Strmiska noted that a "small but growing" number of Heathen practitioners in the U.S. had begun performing animal sacrifice as a part of
1366:
9921:
8866:
Smith, Kate (2022). "Blood, Blots and Belonging: English Heathens and Their (Ab)uses of Folklore". In Cheeseman, Matthew; Hart, Carina (eds.).
2230:â"contributed importantly to the mood of the Nazi era". Few had a direct influence on the Nazi Party leadership, with one prominent exception:
2017:. These individuals inhabit "the most distant reaches" of modern Paganism, according to Kaplan. The borders between this form of Heathenry and
1158:, while others eschew them for not having authentic roots in historical Germanic culture, negatively viewing them as an attempt to imitate the
654:, meaning "those who honor the goddesses", depending on their particular theological emphasis. A small group of practitioners who venerate the
8515:
Gregorius, Fredrik (2015). "Modern Heathenism in Sweden: A Case Study in the Creation of a Traditional Religion". In Rountree, Kathryn (ed.).
2385:
In Iceland, the influence of pre-Christian belief systems still pervaded the country's cultural heritage into the 20th century. There, farmer
1362:. Heathens have also adopted archaeological sites as places of worship. For instance, British practitioners have assembled for rituals at the
500:
to describe it, for the reason that these words are inclusive of all varieties of the movement. This term is the most commonly used option by
8026:
Amster, Matthew H. (2015). "It's Not Easy Being Apolitical: Reconstructionism and Eclecticism in Danish Asatro". In Rountree, Kathryn (ed.).
2470:
scene in northern Europe during the early 1990sâcame to play an important role in the North European Pagan scene. Many musicians involved in
2175:'s teachings. List's ideas were transmitted in Germany by prominent right-wingers, and adherents to his ideas were among the founders of the
2045:, a white supremacist militia active in the U.S. during the 1980s, called themselves Odinists, and various racist Heathens have espoused the
1411:, sometimes termed "garb". They also often wear symbols indicating their religious allegiance. The most commonly used sign among Heathens is
323:
Practitioners seek to revive these past belief systems by using surviving historical source materials. Among the historical sources used are
8828:
Shnirelman, Victor A. (2013). "Russian Neopaganism: From Ethnic Religion to Racial Violence". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.).
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Trafford, Simon; Pluskowski, Aleks (2007). "Antichrist Superstars: The Vikings in Hard Rock and Heavy Metal". In Marshall, David W. (ed.).
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During religious ceremonies, many adherents choose to wear clothing that imitates the styles of dress worn in Iron Age and Early Medieval
8323:
Doyle White, Ethan (2017). "Northern Gods for Northern Folk: Racial Identity and Right-wing Ideology among Britain's Folkish Heathens".
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separate yet linked together. It is common to find a belief in four or five souls, two of which survive bodily death: one of these, the
10121:
9466:
Exploring the Northern Tradition: A Guide to the Gods, Lore, Rites, and Celebrations from the Norse, German, and Anglo-Saxon Traditions
9040:
VelkoborskĂĄ, Kamila (2015). "The Brotherhood of Wolves in the Czech Republic: From ĂsatrĂș to Primitivism". In Rountree, Kathryn (ed.).
8998:
Strmiska, Michael F.; Sigurvinsson, Baldur A. (2005). "Asatru: Nordic Paganism in Iceland and America". In Strmiska, Michael F. (ed.).
2354:
within the group. In the 1990s, McNallen founded the Asatru Folk Assembly (AFA), an ethnically oriented Heathen group headquartered in
1651:-worker sitting on a high seat while songs and chants are performed to invoke gods and wights. Drumming is then performed to induce an
948:) and inhabit different aspects of the landscape, living alongside humans, whom they can both help and hinder. Others are deemed to be
1961:
Folkish practitioners deem Heathenry to be the indigenous religion of a biologically distinct race, which is conceptualised as being "
206:. They believe it should be reserved for white people, particularly of northern European descent, and often combine the religion with
10040:
8556:
7811:"Society >> Culture >> Religious organisations >> Populations by religious and life stance organizations 1998â2017"
2516:
1354:, Iceland, while in 2014 a British Heathen group called the Odinist Fellowship opened a temple in a converted 16th-century chapel in
798:. The three figures are interpreted as Odin, Thor, and Freyr, deities which have seen their veneration revived among modern Heathens.
4014:
2418:
American Heathens Stephen McNallen (left) and Michael "Valgard" Murray (center), with Eric "Hnikar" Wood (right) at the 2000 Althing
145:, the act of ceremonially toasting the gods with an alcoholic beverage. Some adherents also engage in rituals designed to induce an
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Blain, Jenny; Wallis, Robert J. (2006). "Representing Spirit: Heathenry, New-Indigenes and the Imaged Past". In Ian Russell (ed.).
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1916:
tripartite division, although referred to the groups as the "a-racist", "racial-religious", and "ethnicist" factions respectively.
755:
is used by more moderate Heathen groups, but no such clear division of these terms' usage exists in practice. Gregorius noted that
202:
attitudeâoften termed "folkish" within the communityâby viewing Heathenry as an ethnic or racial religion with inherent links to a
4886:
2447:
in 1994 the Odinic Rite Deutschland (Odinic Rite Germany) was founded, although it later declared its independence and became the
2005:
Some folkish Heathens are white supremacists and explicit racists, representing a "radical racist" faction that favours the terms
1560:(promises of future actions) might be made, both of which are considered binding on the speakers due to the sacred context of the
400:
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Jennifer Snook noted that many practitioners "hearken back to a more epic, anachronistic, and pure age of ancestors and heroes".
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Strmiska, Michael F. (2007). "Putting the Blood Back into BlĂłt: The Revival of Animal Sacrifice in Modern Nordic Paganism".
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Feraro, Shai (2016). "The Return of Baal to the Holy Land: Canaanite Reconstructionism among Contemporary Israeli Pagans".
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Heathens. Those who adopt the former perspective have thus criticized Lokeans as effeminate and sexually deviant. Views on
942:) that inhabit the world, each of whom is believed to have its own personality. Some of these are known as "land spirits" (
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techniques, something which generated controversy in the community. Part of the discomfort that some Heathens feel toward
10290:
2250:", which was devoted to a messianic Germanic figure known as Krist, who was later wrongly transformed into the figure of
2042:
1054:, with Heathens in North America often believing that luck can be earned, passed down through the generations, or lost.
930:
conception of the natural world as being sacred and imbued with a divine energy force permeating all life. Heathenry is
10141:
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165:. Many solitary adherents follow the religion by themselves. Other Heathens assemble in small groups, usually known as
9485:
Northern Tradition for the Solitary Practitioner: A Book of Prayer, Devotional Practice, and the Nine Worlds of Spirit
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6713:
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2628:(PF) and simply described themselves as "Pagan", while other Heathens did not specify their religious beliefs. In the
10498:
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Snook, Jennifer (2013). "Reconsidering Heathenry: The Construction of an Ethnic Folkway as Religio-ethnic Identity".
2558:
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Germanisches (Neu-)Heidentum in Deutschland: Entstehung, Struktur und Symbolsystem eines alternativreligiösen Feldes
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DostĂĄlovĂĄ, Anna-Marie (2013). "Czech Neopagan Movements and Leaders". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.).
1613:, which has been described as "a particular shamanic trance ritual complex", although the appropriateness of using "
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313:
98:. In an attempt to reconstruct these past belief systems, Heathenry uses surviving historical, archaeological, and
35:
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Bernauer, Lauren (2006). "Modern Germanic Heathenry and the Radical Traditionalists". In Di Lauro, Frances (ed.).
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developed from the Germanenorden, and it displayed a Theosophically influenced interpretation of Norse mythology.
1026:
According to a common Heathen belief based on references in Old Norse sources, three female entities known as the
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2691:
2595:
2411:, in which he wrote of the existence of a secret society of Odinists; most British Heathens doubt its existence.
2254:. Many Heathen groups disbanded during the Nazi period, and they were only able to re-establish themselves after
2198:
1162:. Their use is particularly unpopular in Nordic countries, and has been observed declining in the United States.
1109:
1073:
overtones" of Ragnarök which helped convert white American racialists to the right wing of the Heathen movement.
501:
399:, believing that doing so helps to construct spiritual world-views akin to those that existed in Europe prior to
8095:
Blain, Jenny (2005). "Heathenry, the Past, and Sacred Sites in Today's Britain". In Strmiska, Michael F. (ed.).
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memories of ancient German society, proclaiming that "Wotanism" was in conflict with another ancient religion, "
1969:", or "Aryan". Some practitioners explain this by asserting that the religion is intrinsically connected to the
1577:, and the toasting accompanied the children taping pictures of apples to a poster of a tree that symbolized the
806:
noted that there is "no unanimously accepted theology" within the Heathen movement. Several early Heathens like
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Doyle White, Ethan (2016). "Old Stones, New Rites: Contemporary Pagan Interactions with the Medway Megaliths".
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Kaplan, Jeffrey (1996). "The Reconstruction of the ĂsatrĂș and Odinist Traditions". In Lewis, James R. (ed.).
8473:
Granholm, Kennet (2011). "'Sons of Northern Darkness': Heathen Influences in Black Metal and Neofolk Music".
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published a pamphlet calling for the revival of a racialized ancient German religion Other writers such as
787:
7213:
2428:
2282:, although it left no successors in post-war Norway. A variant of "Odinism" was developed by the Australian
1927:, VÀstergötland, Sweden. The big wooden idol represents the god Frey, the smaller one next to it represents
662:. Although restricted especially to Scandinavia, since the mid-2000s a term that has grown in popularity is
387:(UPG) that they have gained through spiritual experiences. Others adopt concepts from the world's surviving
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period, many Heathen groups also began to interact increasingly with other ethnic-oriented Pagan groups in
2058:
1086:
281:
8344:
Doyle White, Ethan (2021). "In Woden's Shadow: Anglo-Saxonism, Paganism, and Politics in Modern England".
2389:
founded the Heathen group ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ° in 1972, which initially had 12 members. Beinteinsson served as
10218:
9901:
9739:
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Davy, Barbara Jane (2023). "Inclusive Heathens Practice Ancestor Veneration, But Not Pride in Ancestry".
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in 1986, however a wider Heathen movement would not appear until the 1990s, when a group calling itself
2227:
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2629:
2617:
1008:
384:
9309:(2004). "White Racist Religions in the United States: From Christian Identity to Wolf Age Pagans". In
8559:(1995). "Heathenism: A North European Pagan Tradition". In Harvey, Graham; Hardman, Charlotte (eds.).
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5007:"Visit the only heathen temple in Iceland in Skagafjörður fjord for a pagan grill party this Saturday"
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1778:. Some non-Heathens also use runes for divinatory purposes, with books on the subject being common in
1573:
in 2006 with the purpose of involving Heathen children; rather than mead, the drinking horn contained
1322:, adopting Old Norse terms meaning "god-man" and "god-woman" respectively, with the plural term being
19:
This article is about the modern Pagan new religious movement. For the ancient Germanic religion, see
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1667:-worker, with the latter offering replies based on information obtained in their trance-state. Some
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Asprem, Egil (2008). "Heathens Up North: Politics, Polemics, and Contemporary Paganism in Norway".
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118:
27:
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Poewe, Karla; Hexham, Irving (2005). "Jakob Wilhelm Hauer's New Religion and National Socialism".
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substances as part of this practice; others explicitly oppose the use of any mind-altering drugs.
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can enter, based in part on the worth of the individual's earthly life; these include the hall of
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7986:"'SkeggĂžld, SkĂĄlmöld; Vindöld, Vergöld': Alexander Rud Mills and the ĂsatrĂș Faith in the New Age"
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A Heathen altar for the Yule feast in Gothenburg, Sweden. The painted tablet at the back depicts
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Blain, Jenny; Wallis, Robert J. (2009). "Heathenry". In Lewis, James R.; Pizza, Murphy (eds.).
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1970:
1888:
639:. Although initially a popular term of designation among practitioners and academics, usage of
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79:
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Voices from the Pagan Census: A National Survey of Witches and Neo-Pagans in the United States
1949:
practitioners of Heathenry who are not of northern European ancestry; for instance, there are
1430:
879:
adopt a particular patron deity for themselves, taking an oath of dedication to them known as
751:
adopt an explicitly political, right-wing and racialist interpretation of the religion, while
370:
by Christians and only discuss pre-Christian religion in a fragmentary and biased manner. The
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Contemporary Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Europe: Colonialist and Nationalist Impulses
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Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah
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Contemporary Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Europe: Colonialist and Nationalist Impulses
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8204:ÄrniÄ, AleĆĄ (2013). "Neopaganism in Slovenia". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.).
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Cragle, Joshua Marcus (2017). "Contemporary Germanic/Norse Paganism and Recent Survey Data".
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Contemporary Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Europe: Colonialist and Nationalist Impulses
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attitudes toward those of non-northern European ancestry. Universalist practitioners such as
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438:
434:
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Radulovic, Nemanja (2017). "From Folklore to Esotericism and Back: Neo-Paganism in Serbia".
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2382:. Taking an inclusive, non-racialist view, it soon grew into an international organisation.
2366:(AA) in the late 1980s, which shared the AFA's perspectives on race and which published the
2322:
In the early 1970s, Heathen organisations emerged in the United Kingdom, the United States,
489:
as the particular Germanic region of pre-Christian Europe from which they draw inspiration.
257:; and those Heathens who espouse folkish and far-right perspectives tend to favor the terms
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7355:
6151:
3227:
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2172:
2054:
1783:
1743:
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term "reconstructionism" to describe their practices, preferring to characterize it as an "
238:
166:
9256:
Davy, Barbara Jane (2023). "Negotiating Ecological Relations Amongst Inclusive Heathens".
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Images of the deities Frey and Freyja constructed by the RĂșnatĂœr Kindred in Canada in 2011
187:
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2345:, which placed greater emphasis on right-wing and racialist ideas than theological ones.
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114:
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Strmiska, Michael F. (2002). "Asatru in Iceland". In Rabinovitch, S.; Lewis, J. (eds.).
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1250:, a prominent U.S. Heathen organisation. Many Heathen groups in northern Europe perform
1015:, thereby interpreting the nine worlds and their inhabitants as maps of the human mind.
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it from the Christians as a form of self-designation. Many practitioners favor the term
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A 2010 Heathen rite at the Storbuckasten boulder in Sörby parish, VÀstergötland, Sweden
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824:
504:, with growing usage in North America and elsewhere. These terms are based on the word
457:
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350:
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222:
82:. Developed in Europe during the early 20th century, its practitioners model it on the
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Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshipers and Other Pagans in America
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Another development of Heathenry emerged within the occult völkisch movement known as
823:
psychological interpretation of the divinities, viewing them for instance as symbols,
814:
nature of pre-Christian religion embarrassing, and argued that in reality it had been
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Sacred Sites, Contested Rites/Rights: Pagan Engagements with Archaeological Monuments
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1999:
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Images, Representations and Heritage: Moving Beyond Modern Approaches to Archaeology
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2451:(VfgH; Society for Germanic Paganism), while the Troth also created a German group,
2431:
was established in 1996; after a schism in that group, the Foreningen Forn Sed, now
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Heathenry emerged in the United States during the 1960s. In 1969 the Danish Heathen
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surrounds the lack of any criteria by which the community can determine whether the
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The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Influence on Nazi Ideology
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Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson, leader of the Icelandic ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°, at a blĂłt in 1991
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2033:. Rejecting Christianity as a Jewish creation, they believe that the white race is
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icon for ecological and social engagement. Some Heathens, such as the psychologist
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to describe their religion. The England-based racialist group Woden's Folk favored
87:
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Strmiska, Michael F. (2000). "ĂsatrĂș in Iceland: The Rebirth of Nordic Paganism".
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923:, although in other instances resin statues of the divinities are sometimes used.
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Doyle White, Ethan (2014). "The Goddess Frig: Reassessing an Anglo-Saxon Deity".
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Heathen cemetery in GufuneskirkjugarĂ°ur, ReykjavĂk, which was established in 1999
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or racial archetypes, with some who adopt this position deeming themselves to be
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The anthropologist Murphy Pizza suggests that Heathenry can be understood as an "
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Weinstein, Deena (2013). "Pagan Metal". In Weston, Donna; Bennett, Andy (eds.).
8622:
Hunt-Anschutz, Arlea (2002). "Heathenry". In Rabinovitch, S.; Lewis, J. (eds.).
8498:
Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions
8074:
Nine Worlds of Seidr-Magic: Ecstasy and Neo-Shamanism in North European Paganism
4914:
2608:
1046:
10416:
10286:
10136:
10081:
9688:
9559:
9411:
8228:
8031:
5777:
4795:
4046:
3043:
2484:
2432:
2164:
2087:
2046:
1945:
1699:
1660:
1327:
1213:
1140:
Some Heathen communities have formalized such values into an ethical code, the
807:
356:
9340:
Shamanic Performances on the Urban Scene: Neo-Shamanism in Contemporary Sweden
8789:
8357:
8336:
6534:
5717:
5264:
4336:
3686:
2540:, but many others look unfavorably on such religions for being too syncretic.
2139:
one of the earliest forerunners of the phenomenon with his popular 1877 novel
700:. Within the United States, groups emphasising a German-orientation have used
449:
10567:
10357:
10346:
10234:
10131:
9975:
8713:(2002). "Asatru in the United States". In Rabinovitch, S.; Lewis, J. (eds.).
8627:
8488:
7966:
5091:
2467:
2275:
2247:
2235:
2188:
2184:
2148:
2114:
1950:
1817:
1767:
1552:
1536:
1390:
1234:
1226:
1192:
1070:
934:, with practitioners believing in nonhuman spirit persons commonly known as "
740:
732:
376:
102:
evidence as a basis, although approaches to this material vary considerably.
9814:
9298:
9207:
8990:
8969:
8900:
8396:
5308:
3115:
1809:
1394:
1098:
944:
10540:
10443:
10172:
9877:
9869:
9645:
8956:
8887:
8455:
6314:
5701:
5649:
5014:
2537:
2471:
2405:
was established by John Yeowell in 1972. In 1992, Mark Mirabello published
2279:
2259:
2255:
2243:
2026:
2022:
2021:(Nazism) are "exceedingly thin", with its adherents having paid tribute to
1995:
1895:
heritage. In U.S. Heathen discourse, these viewpoints are described as the
1626:
1378:
1291:
1146:
907:
676:. Other terms used within the community to describe their religion are the
672:
577:
371:
195:
191:
8018:
5292:
2341:. Heavily influenced by Mills' writings, she began publishing a magazine,
1932:
1800:
1659:
in which they visualise travelling through the world tree to the realm of
1595:
1302:
1242:
Thor and Odin in Norse mythology. There are, for instance, homosexual and
894:
506:
419:
10167:
9247:
9226:
8910:
American Heathens: The Politics of Identity in a Pagan Religious Movement
6247:
5425:
2463:
2459:
2402:
2118:
2110:
1966:
1574:
1363:
1331:
1243:
1238:
1171:
1062:
991:
903:
744:
688:, while in the first third of the 20th century, commonly used terms were
611:
belief", or "loyalty to the Ăsir"âthe Ăsir being a sub-set of deities in
591:
Heathen ritual space marked out by an engraved wooden pillar, located on
465:
461:
340:
335:
203:
183:
9269:
9147:
9099:
The Emerging Network: A Sociology of the New Age and Neo-Pagan Movements
7597:
7021:
6969:
6913:
6637:
6414:
6027:
5876:
3538:
2226:
The völkisch occultistsâamong them Pagans like List and Christians like
1825:
1726:
is another Heathen practice involving chanting or singing. As part of a
1439:
1342:, which is a sanctified place within nature like a grove of trees, or a
1058:
10091:
9985:
9829:
9418:
Teutonic Religion: Folk Beliefs and Practices of the Northern Tradition
8820:
8196:
7237:
7005:
5832:
5749:
4650:
4433:
4431:
4156:
3970:
3954:
2894:
2436:
2355:
2351:
2299:
2136:
2066:
1987:
1962:
1912:
1762:
1735:
1463:
typically takes place outdoors, and usually consists of an offering of
1370:
995:
883:, and describe themselves as that entity's devotee using terms such as
867:
815:
811:
596:
592:
431:
329:
294:
162:
110:
40:
9134:
Berger, Helen (2023). "The Environmentalism of the Far-Right Pagans".
7762:
2011 Census, Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales
4678:
4622:
4247:
4146:
4144:
3357:
3262:
3099:
1832:
and are thus of ancient origin. The first of these marks the start of
1748:
1713:
1412:
1118:
1089:
into a new body. In Heathen belief, there are various realms that the
587:
410:
44:
10187:
10157:
10050:
9849:
9791:
9080:
Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe
8830:
Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe
8429:
Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity
8248:
Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe
8206:
Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe
8077:
7470:
7077:
7049:
6741:
5860:
5553:
4471:
2488:
2375:
2202:
Jakob Wilhelm Hauer, leader of the German Faith Movement in the 1930s
2183:
in 1912, and they included individuals who held key positions in the
2160:
2083:
1904:
1903:
positions, respectively. These two factionsâwhich Kaplan termed the "
1695:
1672:
1614:
1570:
1456:
1247:
1037:
999:
979:
927:
795:
784:
541:
because the former term originated among Germanic languages, whereas
324:
207:
199:
176:
122:
7828:
7768:
7666:
7664:
6522:
6195:
6135:
5991:
5888:
5143:
4811:
4428:
4275:
4263:
4216:
4094:
2435:, was formed in 1998. In Denmark, a small group was founded near to
1254:, and a group of self-described "Homo-Heathens" marched in the 2008
1003:
962:
863:
776:
655:
10246:
9943:
9882:
9803:
8734:
Paganistan: Contemporary Pagan Community in Minnesota's Twin Cities
8564:
8100:
7277:
6813:
6577:
6051:
5537:
4141:
3345:
2971:
2862:
2479:
2452:
2274:
journal. Prominent figures involved in this milieu were the writer
2069:'s Ron McVan, reject the integration of these differing religions.
2062:
1884:
1770:
as a runic alphabet, although some practitioners instead adopt the
1468:
1094:
1041:
628:
518:
392:
136:
106:
9585:
9019:
Mass Market Medieval: Essays on the Middle Ages in Popular Culture
8267:
Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural
6829:
6567:
6565:
3797:
3522:
3477:
3461:
2771:
1609:
492:
Academics studying the religion have typically favoured the terms
456:" with parallels to the traditional belief systems of the world's
151:
10182:
10020:
9936:
7726:
7661:
7534:
7329:
7177:
5389:
4455:
3986:
2475:
2393:(chief priest) until his death in 1993, when he was succeeded by
2359:
2338:
2180:
1892:
1779:
1630:
1416:
1205:
1196:
987:
931:
828:
781:
345:
126:
10203:
5473:
4838:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4110:
3385:
3063:
2632:, 1,958 people self-identified as Heathen in England and Wales.
2163:. One of these völkisch Ariosophists was the Austrian occultist
1986:
and the mixture of different races in modern Europe, advocating
1451:
926:
Many practitioners combine their polytheistic world-view with a
608:
186:
which glorified the pre-Christian societies of Germanic Europe.
131:
9287:
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
8957:
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
8888:
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
8385:
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
7792:
6562:
6510:
6402:
6302:
6123:
3914:
3433:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
1941:
1928:
1841:
1833:
1443:
1347:
1309:
872:
851:
141:
6498:
6486:
5335:
4950:
4722:
3131:
2648:. There are also several Heathens in the Israeli Pagan scene.
1081:, travels to the realm of the ancestors, while the other, the
835:
10071:
9992:
7129:
5525:
5057:
5055:
4315:
2379:
2251:
1731:
1722:
1314:
1270:
In Anglophone countries, Heathen groups are typically called
1259:
1181:
1155:
1027:
958:
954:
935:
919:- wooden shafts with anthropomorphic faces carved into them,
911:
847:
624:
581:
569:
546:
157:
9390:
Icelandic Magic: Practical Secrets of the Northern Grimoires
8649:. New York: State University of New York. pp. 193â236.
8049:
Berger, Helen A.; Leagh, Evan A.; Shaffer, Leigh S. (2003).
7876:
7551:
7549:
7265:
7141:
7105:
7093:
6601:
6550:
6442:
6378:
2922:
1044:. Heathens also believe in a personal form of wyrd known as
1030:
sit at the end of the world tree's root. These figures spin
704:, while those focusing on an Anglo-Saxon approach have used
182:
Heathenry's origins lie in the 19th- and early 20th-century
8979:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
8808:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
8185:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
8006:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
7852:
7153:
7037:
6801:
6366:
6354:
6330:
6290:
6219:
6111:
5079:
5067:
4404:
3566:
3512:
3510:
3508:
2171:, although over time it was increasingly influenced by the
2123:
1821:
1464:
1386:
1230:
1222:
1126:
1057:
Various Heathen groups adopt the Norse apocalyptic myth of
1051:
1032:
859:
855:
843:
839:
760:
286:
48:
7786:
7585:
7385:
6689:
6677:
6015:
5979:
5905:
5903:
5353:
5324:
5208:
5052:
4986:
4734:
4591:
4168:
3721:
3493:
3307:
3305:
2983:
2414:
9002:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 127â179.
8406:
Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism
7924:
7546:
7373:
7165:
7117:
6757:
6613:
6589:
6454:
6430:
6390:
4511:
4237:
4235:
3866:
3075:
2959:
2747:
1847:
Some Heathens celebrate the eight festivals found in the
1483:
In Iron Age and Early Medieval northern Europe, the term
1449:
The most important religious rite for Heathens is called
1130:
759:
was "highly problematic" because it implies that the god
632:
7912:
7888:
7864:
7840:
7613:
7510:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7305:
7293:
7189:
7065:
6280:
6278:
6263:
5822:
5820:
5689:
5665:
5377:
5365:
5341:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5119:
4874:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4694:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4547:
4416:
3930:
3578:
3505:
3278:
2077:
1982:, and many folkish practitioners express disapproval of
1663:. The assembled audience then provide questions for the
9342:. Stockholm: Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology.
8584:
Listening People, Speaking Earth: Contemporary Paganism
7359:"Worldwide Heathen Census 2013: Results & Analysis"
6207:
6183:
6171:
5900:
5501:
5004:
4974:
4828:
4826:
4559:
4287:
4204:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3711:
3709:
3449:
3373:
3302:
3252:
3250:
3019:
2850:
2096:
Guido von List, who promoted an early form of Heathenry
1643:. While such practices differ between groups, oracular
1607:
One religious practice sometimes found in Heathenry is
1011:, have adopted an approach to this cosmology rooted in
986:. As part of this framework, humanity's worldâknown as
521:
missionaries as the equivalent of both the Greek words
484:
ritual held at Getsjön in VÀstergötland, Sweden in 2009
9359:
The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism
8849:
Norse Revival: Transformations of Germanic Neopaganism
8715:
The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism
8689:
Witching Culture: Folklore and Neo-Paganism in America
8624:
The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism
7649:
7637:
5637:
4232:
4131:
4129:
3878:
3554:
2816:
2814:
747:. There is thus a general view that all those who use
9258:
Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture
9136:
Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture
7936:
7900:
7738:
7688:
7625:
7573:
7561:
7522:
7498:
7486:
7414:
7397:
7317:
7253:
7201:
6769:
6701:
6625:
6342:
6275:
6099:
6087:
6039:
6003:
5967:
5848:
5817:
5765:
5737:
5677:
5605:
5513:
5489:
5280:
5183:
5131:
5107:
4778:
4666:
4603:
4523:
4499:
4487:
4364:
4002:
3401:
3195:
1603:
held on Iceland in 2009 by members of ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°
1400:
Heathen groups assemble for rituals in order to mark
426:
chronological period within Germanic Europe, such as
9542:
Essential Asatru: Walking the Path of Norse Paganism
8997:
8870:. New York and London: Routledge. pp. 262â278.
7834:
7774:
7676:
7460:
7436:
7223:
6975:
6959:
6939:
6859:
6719:
6237:
6201:
6081:
6033:
5997:
5945:
5929:
5894:
5882:
5569:
5461:
5447:
5415:
5254:
5030:"World's first modern-day pagan temple is in Newark"
4962:
4920:
4900:
4864:
4823:
4817:
4801:
4764:
4716:
4638:
4535:
4443:
4437:
4386:
4352:
4309:
4281:
4269:
4180:
4162:
4150:
4082:
4052:
4024:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3787:
3706:
3674:
3664:
3351:
3327:
3247:
3237:
3087:
3031:
3007:
2977:
2949:
2868:
2793:
2777:
2729:
2053:. Some white supremacist organisations, such as the
619:
in North America, with practitioners being known as
139:
are offered to them. These are often accompanied by
4192:
4126:
3942:
3813:
2995:
2910:
2838:
2811:
2759:
2117:. This development went in tandem with a growth in
1633:, first. A prominent form is high-seat or oracular
1535:, a ritual drinking ceremony in which the gods are
9415:
9044:. New York and Oxford: Berghahn. pp. 86â109.
9016:
8930:
8665:
8048:
7732:
7670:
7540:
7183:
5961:
3290:
3069:
2826:
2466:genreâwhich emerged from the fragmentation of the
1496:for instance explicitly rejects animal sacrifice.
1208:issues, with many considering their faith to be a
994:, all of which are associated with a cosmological
715:Many racialist-oriented Heathens prefer the terms
391:as well as modern polytheistic traditions such as
9165:Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on the Sacred
8933:Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Modern Paganism
8519:. New York and Oxford: Berghahn. pp. 64â85.
8500:. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. pp. 389â392.
7789:"Iceland building first Norse temple in 1K years"
7354:
1503:An apple and a slice of home-made pizza given as
552:Further terms used in some academic contexts are
10565:
10351:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
9482:
8166:Being Viking: Heathenism in Contemporary America
7710:. Associated Press. 24 July 2006. Archived from
7708:"Viking Mythology Grows As Religion for Inmates"
1887:, while the opposing position is that race is a
8611:The Journal of Religion, Identity, and Politics
8449:
8426:
6667:
6583:
6571:
6528:
6516:
6504:
6492:
6472:
6408:
6308:
2358:. Meanwhile, Valgard Murray and his kindred in
2214:) was founded by the religious studies scholar
1804:Members of the ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ° preparing for a
603:Another name for the religion is the Icelandic
414:A 2009 rite performed on the Icelandic hill of
7787:Moore, Elizabeth Armstrong (3 February 2015).
1973:of this race, with prominent American Heathen
1637:, which is based on the account of GuĂ°riĂ°r in
866:from Anglo-Saxon sources, and figures such as
125:views from these past societies, including an
26:"Odinism" redirects here. For other uses, see
10219:
9601:
8621:
7350:
7348:
5799:
5783:
5431:
5407:
5314:
5270:
5250:
5226:
5027:
4936:
4892:
4752:
4342:
4330:
4305:
3960:
3896:
3596:
2937:
2458:Heathen influences were apparent in forms of
2267:some extent persisted into the 21st century.
2234:was both a friend and a key influence on the
1217:whom Heathens widely see as their ancestors.
1137:is a destructive rather than useful concept.
1625:developed during the 1990s out of the wider
354:
9361:. New York: Citadel Press. pp. 15â17.
9235:Relegere: Studies in Religion and Reception
9185:
9039:
8773:
8717:. New York: Citadel Press. pp. 17â18.
8343:
8322:
8293:
8264:
8140:
8117:
7983:
7603:
7015:
6999:
6695:
6683:
6663:
6540:
6324:
6296:
6257:
6129:
6117:
5953:
5842:
5811:
5787:
5759:
5711:
5563:
5101:
5097:
5085:
5073:
4410:
4390:
3727:
3548:
3499:
3165:
3125:
3109:
2989:
2880:
2753:
2713:
2709:
2624:. Many Heathens followed the advice of the
2127:, contributing to the establishment of the
1874:â Religious studies scholar Mattias Gardell
1836:in northern Europe, while the second marks
51:; such pendants are often worn by Heathens.
10226:
10212:
9608:
9594:
9483:Krasskova, Galina; Kaldera, Raven (2009).
9410:
8868:Folklore and Nation in Britain and Ireland
8846:
8827:
7930:
7591:
7555:
7480:
7444:
7391:
7379:
7345:
7271:
7247:
7231:
7111:
7099:
7087:
7059:
7031:
6995:
6963:
6947:
6923:
6907:
6887:
6867:
6795:
6763:
6751:
6735:
6647:
6619:
6607:
6595:
6556:
6544:
6460:
6448:
6436:
6424:
6396:
6241:
6165:
6021:
5985:
5957:
5659:
5631:
5599:
5302:
5274:
5238:
5061:
4992:
4956:
4944:
4908:
4740:
4728:
4688:
4660:
4632:
4597:
4585:
4346:
4257:
4104:
4076:
4040:
3767:
3743:
3668:
3640:
3584:
3572:
3455:
3427:
3284:
3272:
3221:
2965:
2953:
2801:
2298:of the early 20th century, among them the
2065:, although other racist Heathens, such as
1434:The Swedish Asatru Society holding a 2008
1393:, and Icelandic practitioners have met at
1191:A 2010 outdoor altar at the SpringblĂłt at
973:
650:, meaning "those who honor the Vanir", or
361:. Some Heathens also adopt ideas from the
327:texts associated with Iceland such as the
119:deities from pre-Christian Germanic Europe
10041:Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans
9501:
9463:
9337:
9246:
9058:
8804:
8686:
8514:
8495:
8245:
7918:
7870:
7858:
7195:
7171:
7159:
7135:
7123:
7043:
7027:
6476:
5531:
5005:Helgason, MagnĂșs Sveinn (7 August 2015).
4700:
4477:
3516:
3423:
3379:
3121:
3057:
3025:
2904:
2705:
2100:During the late 18th and 19th centuries,
1389:. Swedish Heathens have done the same at
902:Heathen deities are not seen as perfect,
9558:
9520:
9440:
9356:
9162:
9077:
8976:
8953:
8472:
7894:
7882:
7780:
7311:
7283:
7147:
6935:
6919:
6480:
6420:
6384:
5671:
5395:
5383:
5371:
5347:
5318:
5125:
4210:
3976:
3467:
3363:
3311:
3268:
2856:
2607:
2557:
2505:
2413:
2313:
2197:
2091:
1918:
1799:
1712:
1594:
1498:
1429:
1296:
1186:
1108:
1017:
893:
775:
646:Other practitioners term their religion
586:
475:
409:
280:
34:
9443:The Norse Tradition: A Beginner's Guide
9384:
9305:
8604:
8533:
8403:
7243:
6819:
6807:
6787:
6372:
6360:
6336:
6253:
6225:
6213:
6189:
6177:
6161:
6077:
6061:
5925:
5909:
5411:
5165:
4980:
4896:
4860:
4756:
4382:
4293:
4253:
4241:
4222:
4174:
4020:
3884:
3807:
3783:
3759:
3692:
3660:
3624:
3600:
3560:
3544:
3528:
3483:
3213:
3201:
3181:
3049:
2765:
2733:
2701:
2612:A 2009 blĂłt held by Heathens in Iceland
1492:Western countries. The Icelandic group
1480:also serve as a form of group bonding.
1229:nature has made him attractive to many
982:based on that found in Norse mythologyâ
643:has declined as the religion has aged.
10566:
9539:
9523:Asatru: A Native European Spirituality
9224:
9133:
9061:Pop Pagans: Paganism and Popular Music
8709:
8663:
8647:Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft
8644:
8607:"Heathenry as a Postcolonial Movement"
8581:
8555:
8382:
8182:
8163:
8025:
8002:
7942:
7846:
7744:
7655:
7643:
7631:
7619:
7607:
7579:
7567:
7528:
7516:
7492:
7476:
7464:
7456:
7440:
7432:
7420:
7408:
7339:
7335:
7323:
7299:
7259:
7227:
7207:
7083:
7071:
7055:
7011:
6991:
6987:
6943:
6903:
6899:
6883:
6879:
6855:
6851:
6835:
6823:
6791:
6775:
6747:
6727:
6707:
6671:
6659:
6643:
6348:
6320:
6284:
6269:
6157:
6145:
6141:
6105:
6073:
6057:
6045:
6009:
5973:
5921:
5866:
5838:
5826:
5803:
5771:
5743:
5731:
5727:
5695:
5655:
5643:
5595:
5495:
5455:
5359:
5214:
5202:
5169:
5153:
5149:
5137:
4924:
4880:
4712:
4616:
4581:
4553:
4493:
4481:
4465:
4422:
4398:
4186:
4120:
4100:
4088:
4072:
4056:
4032:
4008:
3996:
3920:
3904:
3872:
3860:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3747:
3700:
3680:
3656:
3644:
3632:
3608:
3532:
3487:
3407:
3395:
3391:
3367:
3335:
3256:
3241:
3233:
3153:
3141:
3093:
3081:
2888:
2820:
2805:
2697:
2620:, 300 people registered as Heathen in
2061:, combine elements of Heathenism with
1840:, and the last marks the beginning of
1527:Another common ritual in Heathenry is
1455:, which constitutes a ritual in which
1265:
1104:
1050:. This is connected to an emphasis on
921:as were used prior to Christianisation
792:Swedish Museum of National Antiquities
10207:
10001:European Congress of Ethnic Religions
9589:
9504:A Practical Heathen's Guide to Asatru
8907:
8884:
8865:
8754:
8731:
8672:. Syracuse: Syracuse Academic Press.
8203:
8118:Blain, Jenny; Wallis, Robert (2007).
8094:
8071:
7958:
7906:
7694:
7682:
7504:
7219:
6863:
6839:
6731:
6723:
6631:
6093:
5949:
5933:
5870:
5854:
5755:
5723:
5707:
5683:
5627:
5623:
5611:
5591:
5587:
5575:
5559:
5547:
5543:
5519:
5507:
5483:
5479:
5467:
5451:
5435:
5419:
5298:
5286:
5258:
5234:
5230:
5177:
5113:
4968:
4940:
4904:
4868:
4848:
4844:
4832:
4805:
4789:
4772:
4760:
4684:
4672:
4656:
4644:
4628:
4577:
4565:
4541:
4529:
4517:
4505:
4461:
4449:
4394:
4370:
4358:
4226:
4198:
4135:
4116:
4068:
4028:
3992:
3980:
3964:
3948:
3936:
3924:
3900:
3843:
3831:
3763:
3739:
3715:
3696:
3628:
3604:
3471:
3439:
3419:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3296:
3217:
3189:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3137:
3105:
3053:
3037:
3013:
3001:
2916:
2900:
2884:
2844:
2832:
2797:
2789:
2741:
2737:
2725:
2604:Neopaganism in German-speaking Europe
2309:
2078:Romanticist and Völkisch predecessors
2049:slogan developed by the Order member
1144:(NNV), which is based largely on the
961:. Some of these entitiesâsuch as the
731:, while another racialist group, the
365:of pre-Christian northern Europe and
10318:Magic, Witchcraft and the Otherworld
10309:Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia
10005:Foundation for Traditional Religions
9284:
9255:
9096:
9082:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 298â314.
8250:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 164â181.
8222:
8208:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 182â194.
7287:
5807:
5173:
4768:
4036:
3908:
3819:
3636:
3612:
3443:
3185:
2674:Roman Polytheistic Reconstructionism
615:. This is more commonly rendered as
9615:
9506:. St Paul: Llewellyn Publications.
9313:; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (eds.).
9126:
8759:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 495â502.
8541:(in German). Berlin: Logos Verlag.
8450:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2004) .
2427:in the mid-1980s, while the larger
1998:for their failure to fully embrace
1782:bookstores. Some Heathens practice
1742:chants and songs are influenced by
1655:in the practitioner, who goes on a
1225:, deeming him a baleful wight, his
1069:believed that it was the "strongly
771:
502:practitioners in the United Kingdom
13:
9377:
9121:
9063:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 58â75.
8832:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 62â71.
8427:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2003).
8143:Handbook of Contemporary Paganisms
8055:University of South Carolina Press
7991:Australian Religion Studies Review
2562:A Heathen baby naming ceremony in
2496:World Congress of Ethnic Religions
1828:, all of which were listed in his
1584:
1487:was at times applied to a form of
1422:
163:wisdom and advice from the deities
105:Heathenry does not have a unified
14:
10595:
10499:Modern Paganism in World Cultures
10233:
9000:Modern Paganism in World Cultures
8847:Schnurbein, Stefanie von (2016).
8097:Modern Paganism in World Cultures
2510:An Odinist wedding in Spain, 2010
2449:Verein fĂŒr germanisches Heidentum
2337:at her home in the U.S. state of
10291:Persuasions of the Witch's Craft
9525:. Nevada City: Runestone Press.
9487:. Pompton Plains: Career Press.
8777:Journal of Contemporary Religion
8757:Handbook of Nordic New Religions
8693:University of Pennsylvania Press
7835:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
7803:
7775:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
7750:
7733:Snook, Horrell & Horton 2017
7700:
7671:Berger, Leagh & Shaffer 2003
7541:Snook, Horrell & Horton 2017
7461:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
7437:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
7224:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6976:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6960:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6940:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6860:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6720:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6238:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6202:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6082:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6034:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5998:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5962:Snook, Horrell & Horton 2017
5946:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5930:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5895:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5883:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5448:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5416:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5255:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5021:
4998:
4921:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4901:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4865:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4818:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4802:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4765:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4717:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4438:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4387:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4310:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4282:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4270:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4163:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4151:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4053:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4025:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3788:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3665:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3352:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3328:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3238:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3070:Snook, Horrell & Horton 2017
2978:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2950:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2869:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2794:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2778:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2730:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2582:The Pagan Census project led by
2543:
1862:
1761:Some Heathens practice forms of
179:vary and are rarely emphasized.
10454:Scarboro, Campbell and Stave's
9564:Futhark: Handbook of Rune Magic
9502:Lafayllve, Patricia M. (2013).
2596:Heathenry in the United Kingdom
2501:
2478:genre. From the mid-1990s, the
2029:, and absorbed influences from
1507:offerings in Gothenburg, Sweden
10487:Pearson, Roberts and Samuel's
9566:. Newburyport, Massachusetts:
7757:Office for National Statistics
7184:Trafford & Pluskowski 2007
5028:Millard, Lucy (18 June 2015).
2669:Polytheistic reconstructionism
2600:Modern paganism in Scandinavia
2550:Heathenry in the United States
2242:. Wiligut professed ancestral-
2041:. Many in the inner circle of
1935:, and the small red idol Thor.
1653:altered state of consciousness
1543:often takes place following a
1278:, or alternately sometimes as
658:, refer to their tradition as
554:contemporary Germanic Paganism
517:, which was adopted by Gothic
471:
147:altered state of consciousness
64:contemporary Germanic Paganism
1:
10534:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft
10426:Introduction to Pagan Studies
10300:Never Again the Burning Times
10061:Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism
8325:Journal of Religion in Europe
8308:10.1080/17432200.2016.1192152
8287:10.5325/preternature.3.2.0284
8279:10.5325/preternature.3.2.0284
8225:Introduction to Pagan Studies
8164:Calico, Jefferson F. (2018).
8099:. Santa Barbara, California:
2680:
2646:Russian Orthodox Christianity
1931:, the picture in front of it
1746:folk magical charms, such as
1258:carrying a statue of the god
312:, and more specifically as a
276:
161:, with the intent of gaining
10178:Platonism in the Renaissance
8053:. Columbia, South Carolina:
7965:(revised ed.). London:
7765:. Accessed 12 December 2012.
2685:
2498:upon its formation in 1998.
2378:, which was incorporated in
2145:Jewish roots of Christianity
1789:
990:âis regarded as just one of
237:; practitioners focusing on
7:
9544:. New York: Citadel Press.
9316:Controversial New Religions
8586:(second ed.). London:
8223:Davy, Barbara Jane (2007).
2651:
2374:and James Chisholm founded
2304:Order of Woodcraft Chivalry
2290:(1930) and established the
2131:in German-speaking Europe.
1671:-practitioners make use of
1621:is debatable. Contemporary
854:from Scandinavian sources,
10:
10600:
10386:and theological approaches
10142:Writers on modern paganism
9521:McNallen, Stephen (2015).
9464:Krasskova, Galina (2005).
9338:Lindquist, Galina (1997).
9319:(1st ed.). New York:
9231:: Medieval, Pagan, Modern"
9225:Cusack, Carole M. (2013).
8687:Magliocco, Sabina (2004).
8404:Gardell, Matthias (2003).
7951:
7361:. The Norse Mythology Blog
2618:United Kingdom Census 2001
2593:
2547:
2429:Ă
satrufellesskapet Bifrost
2081:
2072:
1793:
1678:Not all Heathens practice
1071:millenarian and chiliastic
978:Heathens commonly adopt a
802:The historian of religion
766:
385:unverified personal gnosis
149:and visions, most notably
25:
18:
10550:
10509:
10478:
10436:
10383:
10339:
10277:
10241:
10150:
10104:
10013:
9776:
9765:
9702:
9676:
9623:
9540:Paxson, Diana L. (2007).
9468:. Wayne: New Page Books.
8790:10.1080/13537900500067752
8605:Horrell, Thad N. (2012).
8433:New York University Press
8358:10.1017/9781800101012.009
8337:10.1163/18748929-01003001
2792:, pp. 182, 185â186;
2589:
2296:"back to nature" movement
2212:Deutsche Glaubensbewegung
2135:considered the historian
1097:, ruled over by Odin, or
1085:, undergoes a process of
877:practitioners in the U.S.
291:Swedish Forn Sed Assembly
10451:(1979, 1986, 1996, 2006)
9878:Daco-Thracian (Romanian)
9103:Rowman & Littlefield
8908:Snook, Jennifer (2015).
8664:Kaplan, Jeffrey (1997).
8489:10.1163/156852711x577069
7984:AsbjĂžrn JĂžn, A. (1999).
5398:, pp. 169â170, 183.
2228:Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels
2147:, in 1900 the Germanist
2133:Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
1318:, while priestesses are
308:classify Heathenry as a
47:, the hammer of the god
28:Odinism (disambiguation)
10579:Modern pagan traditions
10510:Academic, peer-reviewed
10437:Sociological approaches
10362:The Triumph of the Moon
10280:folkloristic approaches
9441:Jennings, Pete (1998).
9321:Oxford University Press
9299:10.1525/nr.2023.26.3.30
9229:Der Ring des Nibelungen
9208:10.1007/0-387-32216-7_4
9169:Sydney University Press
9023:McFarland & Company
8991:10.1558/pome.v9.i2.3921
8970:10.1525/nr.2000.4.1.106
8914:Temple University Press
8901:10.1525/nr.2013.16.3.52
8582:Harvey, Graham (2007).
8397:10.1525/nr.2016.20.2.59
8030:. New York and Oxford:
7959:Adler, Margot (2006) .
7604:Blain & Wallis 2009
6541:Poewe & Hexham 2005
5954:Blain & Wallis 2009
5843:Blain & Wallis 2009
5812:Blain & Wallis 2009
5788:Blain & Wallis 2009
5760:Blain & Wallis 2009
5712:Blain & Wallis 2009
5086:Blain & Wallis 2007
5074:Blain & Wallis 2007
4391:Blain & Wallis 2009
3166:Blain & Wallis 2009
2881:Blain & Wallis 2009
2664:Common Germanic deities
2387:Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson
2292:Anglecyn Church of Odin
2193:Rudolf von Sebottendorf
2107:Johann Gottfried Herder
2039:Jewish world conspiracy
1923:Altar for HaustblĂłt in
1768:Common Germanic Futhark
1113:A 2011 Heathen blĂłt in
974:Cosmology and afterlife
607:, which translates as "
562:North European Paganism
439:sociologist of religion
397:Afro-American religions
363:archaeological evidence
84:pre-Christian religions
10468:A Community of Witches
9715:German-speaking Europe
9447:Hodder & Stoughton
9424:Llewellyn Publications
9392:. Rochester, Vermont:
9097:York, Michael (1995).
8732:Pizza, Murphy (2014).
8346:Studies in Medievalism
8168:. Sheffield: Equinox.
2613:
2567:
2534:historical reenactment
2511:
2494:, and many joined the
2419:
2319:
2206:In 1933, the eclectic
2203:
2097:
1971:collective unconscious
1936:
1871:
1813:
1718:
1604:
1581:from Norse mythology.
1508:
1457:offerings are provided
1446:
1306:
1200:
1122:
1023:
899:
799:
743:, in reference to the
600:
574:Modern Nordic Paganism
572:societies. He favored
485:
422:
355:
310:new religious movement
301:
285:Outdoor altar to mark
239:Anglo-Saxon traditions
80:new religious movement
74:religion. Scholars of
52:
39:A modern replica of a
10490:Nature Religion Today
10448:Drawing Down the Moon
10340:Historical approaches
10254:Contemporary paganism
10193:Traditionalist School
10163:Witch-cult hypothesis
9677:Arts and institutions
8410:Duke University Press
8408:. Durham and London:
8124:Sussex Academic Press
8072:Blain, Jenny (2002).
8019:10.1558/pome.v10i1.41
7356:Seigfried, Karl E. H.
4389:, pp. 143, 145;
3663:, pp. 156, 267;
3627:, pp. 156, 267;
2611:
2594:Further information:
2561:
2548:Further information:
2509:
2417:
2399:Hilmar Ărn Hilmarsson
2395:Jormundur Ingi Hansen
2370:newsletter. In 1987,
2317:
2272:Tidsskriftet Ragnarok
2220:faith of Nazi Germany
2208:German Faith Movement
2201:
2095:
1992:political correctness
1922:
1867:
1803:
1716:
1690:, developed forms of
1647:typically involves a
1627:Neo-Shamanic movement
1598:
1502:
1433:
1300:
1190:
1177:socially conservative
1112:
1021:
1013:analytical psychology
897:
779:
590:
525:(Hellene, Greek) and
479:
413:
284:
43:pendant representing
38:
16:Modern Pagan religion
10574:Germanic neopaganism
10031:Church of All Worlds
9703:By country or region
9684:Festivals and events
9412:Gundarsson, Kveldulf
9248:10.11157/rsrr3-2-584
9171:. pp. 265â274.
8630:. pp. 126â127.
8149:. pp. 413â432.
8103:. pp. 181â208.
7759:, 11 December 2012,
7463:, pp. 155â156;
7435:, pp. 197â198;
6990:, pp. 199â200;
6962:, pp. 166â168;
6942:, pp. 166â168;
6902:, pp. 213â215;
6882:, pp. 206â213;
6854:, pp. 200â205;
6668:Goodrick-Clarke 2003
6662:, pp. 194â195;
6584:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6572:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6531:, pp. 134, 145.
6529:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6517:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6505:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6493:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6473:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6409:Goodrick-Clarke 2003
6309:Goodrick-Clarke 2003
6164:, pp. 269â273;
5948:, pp. 134â135;
5658:, pp. 221â222;
5602:, pp. 113, 121.
5418:, pp. 129â130;
5414:, pp. 159â160;
5301:, pp. 194â195;
5253:, pp. 126â127;
3979:, pp. 174â175;
2796:, pp. 138â141;
2728:, pp. 183â184;
2288:The Odinist Religion
2173:Theosophical Society
2121:and the idea of the
2055:Order of Nine Angles
1551:commonly involves a
1346:, which is a wooden
968:ancestral veneration
558:Germanic Neopaganism
289:2010, set up by the
249:; those emphasising
223:Scandinavian sources
68:Germanic Neopaganism
10554:Pagan studies books
10373:Her Hidden Children
10278:Anthropological and
10268:Western esotericism
10127:LGBTQ+ and paganism
10068:Neopagan witchcraft
10036:Church of Aphrodite
9932:Peterburgian Vedism
9663:Western esotericism
9386:Flowers, Stephen E.
9270:10.1558/jsrnc.24148
9148:10.1558/jsrnc.24203
8588:Hurst & Company
7885:, pp. 304â305.
7799:on 8 December 2015.
7150:, pp. 528â229.
7138:, pp. 168â169.
7002:, pp. 250â252.
6978:, pp. 166â168.
6810:, pp. 167â168.
6586:, pp. 180â181.
6483:, pp. 521â522.
6387:, pp. 520â521.
6375:, pp. 320â321.
6363:, pp. 292â293.
6339:, pp. 196â197.
6327:, pp. 138â139.
6228:, pp. 273â274.
6132:, pp. 242â243.
6036:, pp. 134â135.
5952:, pp. 29â294;
5885:, pp. 131â132.
5873:, pp. 267â268.
5714:, pp. 426â427.
5534:, pp. 226â227.
5362:, pp. 316â317.
5217:, pp. 391â392.
4959:, pp. 112â113.
4731:, pp. 246â247.
4520:, pp. 116â117.
4177:, pp. 279â280.
4165:, pp. 142â143.
3939:, pp. 187â188.
3875:, pp. 288â289.
3426:, pp. 65, 75;
3084:, pp. 101â103.
2642:Slavic Native Faith
2554:Heathenry in Canada
2284:Alexander Rud Mills
2264:freedom of religion
2216:Jakob Wilhelm Hauer
2105:intellectuals like
1980:ethnic nationalists
1772:Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
1579:apple tree of IĂ°unn
1569:that took place in
1547:. In the U.S., the
1266:Rites and practices
1170:behaviour, while a
1105:Morality and ethics
735:, favored the term
729:Woden Folk-Religion
545:has its origins in
454:indigenous religion
428:Anglo-Saxon England
10395:Enchanted Feminism
9668:Western philosophy
9227:"Richard Wagner's
9025:. pp. 57â73.
8939:. pp. 43â64.
8937:Palgrave Macmillan
8821:10.1558/pome.30374
8567:. pp. 49â64.
8197:10.1558/pome.30714
8034:. pp. 43â63.
7815:Statistics Iceland
6998:, pp. 57â58;
6994:, pp. 46â47;
6858:, pp. 16â17;
6666:, pp. 77â78;
6646:, pp. 48â49;
6160:, pp. 80â82;
5800:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5784:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5546:, pp. 32â33;
5432:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5408:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5315:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5271:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5251:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5227:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5017:on 8 October 2015.
4937:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4893:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4775:, pp. 22, 85.
4753:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4659:, pp. 73â74;
4397:, pp. 70â71;
4343:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4331:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4306:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4075:, pp. 55â56;
3961:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
3897:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
3746:, pp. 95â96;
3643:, pp. 94â95;
3597:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
3124:, pp. 65â66;
2938:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
2907:, pp. 74, 75.
2659:Celtic neopaganism
2614:
2568:
2512:
2425:University of Oslo
2420:
2335:Odinist Fellowship
2320:
2310:Modern development
2232:Karl Maria Wiligut
2204:
2143:. Criticising the
2102:German Romanticism
2098:
2037:at the hands of a
2019:National Socialism
1937:
1814:
1719:
1657:meditative journey
1605:
1509:
1447:
1307:
1252:same-sex marriages
1201:
1142:Nine Noble Virtues
1123:
1024:
900:
875:. Similarly, many
825:Jungian archetypes
800:
678:Northern Tradition
601:
510:, attested as the
486:
458:indigenous peoples
446:invented tradition
423:
353:texts such as the
351:Middle High German
302:
135:in which food and
86:adhered to by the
53:
10561:
10560:
10479:Interdisciplinary
10457:Living Witchcraft
10406:Gods of the Blood
10384:Religious studies
10201:
10200:
10100:
10099:
9889:Kemetic Orthodoxy
9850:Ossetian-Scythian
9835:Canarian (Berber)
9653:Reconstructionism
9577:978-0-87728-548-9
9551:978-0-8065-2708-6
9532:978-0-9720292-5-4
9513:978-0-7387-3387-6
9494:978-1-60163-034-6
9475:978-1-56414-791-2
9456:978-0-340-72082-0
9433:978-0-87542-260-2
9403:978-1-62055-405-0
9368:978-0-8065-2406-1
9349:978-91-7153-691-4
9330:978-0-19-515682-9
9217:978-0-387-32216-2
9178:978-1-920898-54-0
9112:978-0-8476-8001-6
9089:978-1-84465-662-2
9070:978-1-84465-646-2
9051:978-1-78238-646-9
9032:978-0-7864-2922-6
9009:978-1-85109-608-4
8946:978-1-137-57040-6
8923:978-1-4399-1097-9
8858:978-1-60846-737-2
8851:. Leiden: Brill.
8839:978-1-84465-662-2
8766:978-90-04-29244-4
8747:978-1-4094-4283-7
8724:978-0-8065-2406-1
8702:978-0-8122-1879-4
8679:978-0-8156-0396-2
8656:978-0-7914-2890-0
8637:978-0-8065-2406-1
8597:978-1-85065-272-4
8574:978-0-7225-3233-1
8548:978-3-8325-2106-6
8526:978-1-78238-646-9
8507:978-91-89116-81-8
8465:978-1-86064-973-8
8442:978-0-8147-3155-0
8419:978-0-8223-3071-4
8367:978-1-80010-101-2
8296:Material Religion
8257:978-1-84465-662-2
8238:978-0-7591-0819-6
8215:978-1-84465-662-2
8175:978-1-78179-223-0
8156:978-90-04-16373-7
8133:978-1-84519-130-6
8110:978-1-85109-608-4
8087:978-0-415-25651-3
8064:978-1-57003-488-6
8041:978-1-78238-646-9
7976:978-0-14-303819-1
7861:, pp. 72â73.
7849:, pp. 47â48.
7622:, pp. 37â38.
7519:, pp. 94â95.
7302:, pp. 80â81.
7274:, pp. 78â79.
7162:, pp. 59â60.
7114:, pp. 75â76.
7102:, pp. 74â75.
7074:, pp. 49â50.
7046:, pp. 70â71.
6950:, pp. 59â61.
6910:, pp. 72â73.
6870:, pp. 58â59.
6674:, pp. 45â46.
6610:, pp. 48â49.
6559:, pp. 46â47.
6547:, pp. 45â46.
6451:, pp. 38â40.
6272:, pp. 69â70.
6148:, pp. 66â67.
5698:, pp. 61â62.
5510:, pp. 47â50.
5156:, pp. 22â23.
5040:on 3 October 2015
5034:Newark Advertiser
4883:, pp. 96â97.
4568:, pp. 18â19.
4556:, pp. 83â84.
4425:, pp. 98â99.
4229:, pp. 58â59.
3575:, pp. 93â94.
3370:, pp. 44â45.
2622:England and Wales
2278:and the composer
2153:Ludwig Fahrenkrog
2129:Völkisch movement
2035:facing extinction
2000:white supremacism
1988:racial separatism
1849:Wheel of the Year
1383:White Horse Stone
1312:are often termed
1172:gendered division
1168:hypermasculinized
1133:and believe that
1063:coming apocalypse
950:household deities
314:reconstructionist
306:religious studies
251:German traditions
212:white supremacist
113:, centering on a
109:but is typically
96:Early Middle Ages
78:classify it as a
76:religious studies
21:Germanic paganism
10591:
10329:Witching Culture
10228:
10221:
10214:
10205:
10204:
10151:Related articles
10056:Pagan Federation
10046:Goddess movement
10026:Christo-Paganism
9922:Rodnovery (list)
9774:
9773:
9610:
9603:
9596:
9587:
9586:
9581:
9568:Red Wheel/Weiser
9555:
9536:
9517:
9498:
9479:
9460:
9437:
9421:
9407:
9394:Inner Traditions
9372:
9353:
9334:
9307:Gardell, Mattias
9302:
9281:
9252:
9250:
9221:
9193:
9182:
9159:
9127:Academic studies
9116:
9093:
9074:
9055:
9036:
9013:
8994:
8973:
8950:
8927:
8912:. Philadelphia:
8904:
8881:
8862:
8843:
8824:
8801:
8770:
8751:
8728:
8706:
8691:. Philadelphia:
8683:
8671:
8660:
8641:
8618:
8601:
8578:
8552:
8530:
8511:
8492:
8469:
8446:
8423:
8400:
8379:
8340:
8319:
8290:
8261:
8242:
8219:
8200:
8179:
8160:
8137:
8114:
8091:
8068:
8045:
8022:
7999:
7980:
7946:
7940:
7934:
7928:
7922:
7916:
7910:
7904:
7898:
7892:
7886:
7880:
7874:
7868:
7862:
7856:
7850:
7844:
7838:
7832:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7795:. Archived from
7784:
7778:
7772:
7766:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7736:
7730:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7704:
7698:
7692:
7686:
7680:
7674:
7668:
7659:
7653:
7647:
7641:
7635:
7629:
7623:
7617:
7611:
7601:
7595:
7589:
7583:
7577:
7571:
7565:
7559:
7553:
7544:
7538:
7532:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7508:
7502:
7496:
7490:
7484:
7474:
7468:
7454:
7448:
7430:
7424:
7418:
7412:
7406:
7395:
7389:
7383:
7377:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7352:
7343:
7333:
7327:
7321:
7315:
7309:
7303:
7297:
7291:
7281:
7275:
7269:
7263:
7257:
7251:
7241:
7235:
7217:
7211:
7205:
7199:
7193:
7187:
7181:
7175:
7169:
7163:
7157:
7151:
7145:
7139:
7133:
7127:
7121:
7115:
7109:
7103:
7097:
7091:
7081:
7075:
7069:
7063:
7053:
7047:
7041:
7035:
7025:
7019:
7016:Doyle White 2017
7009:
7003:
7000:Doyle White 2017
6985:
6979:
6973:
6967:
6957:
6951:
6933:
6927:
6917:
6911:
6897:
6891:
6877:
6871:
6849:
6843:
6833:
6827:
6817:
6811:
6805:
6799:
6785:
6779:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6755:
6745:
6739:
6717:
6711:
6705:
6699:
6696:AsbjĂžrn JĂžn 1999
6693:
6687:
6684:AsbjĂžrn JĂžn 1999
6681:
6675:
6664:AsbjĂžrn JĂžn 1999
6657:
6651:
6641:
6635:
6629:
6623:
6617:
6611:
6605:
6599:
6593:
6587:
6581:
6575:
6569:
6560:
6554:
6548:
6538:
6532:
6526:
6520:
6514:
6508:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6470:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6446:
6440:
6434:
6428:
6418:
6412:
6406:
6400:
6394:
6388:
6382:
6376:
6370:
6364:
6358:
6352:
6346:
6340:
6334:
6328:
6325:Doyle White 2021
6318:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6297:Doyle White 2021
6294:
6288:
6282:
6273:
6267:
6261:
6258:Doyle White 2017
6251:
6245:
6235:
6229:
6223:
6217:
6211:
6205:
6199:
6193:
6187:
6181:
6175:
6169:
6155:
6149:
6139:
6133:
6130:Doyle White 2017
6127:
6121:
6118:Doyle White 2017
6115:
6109:
6103:
6097:
6091:
6085:
6071:
6065:
6055:
6049:
6043:
6037:
6031:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5943:
5937:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5880:
5874:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5815:
5797:
5791:
5781:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5721:
5715:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5635:
5621:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5564:VelkoborskĂĄ 2015
5557:
5551:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5445:
5439:
5429:
5423:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5328:
5322:
5312:
5306:
5296:
5290:
5284:
5278:
5268:
5262:
5248:
5242:
5224:
5218:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5181:
5180:, pp. 9â10.
5163:
5157:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5123:
5117:
5111:
5105:
5102:Doyle White 2017
5098:Doyle White 2016
5095:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5071:
5065:
5059:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5036:. Archived from
5025:
5019:
5018:
5013:. Archived from
5011:Iceland Magazine
5002:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4934:
4928:
4923:, pp. 132;
4918:
4912:
4903:, pp. 132;
4890:
4884:
4878:
4872:
4858:
4852:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4776:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4710:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4654:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4575:
4569:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4533:
4527:
4521:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4475:
4469:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4411:Doyle White 2017
4408:
4402:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4356:
4350:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4313:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4230:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4139:
4133:
4124:
4114:
4108:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4066:
4060:
4050:
4044:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3990:
3984:
3974:
3968:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3918:
3912:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3801:
3795:
3777:
3771:
3757:
3751:
3737:
3731:
3728:VelkoborskĂĄ 2015
3725:
3719:
3713:
3704:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3654:
3648:
3622:
3616:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3549:Doyle White 2017
3542:
3536:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3503:
3500:Doyle White 2017
3497:
3491:
3481:
3475:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3437:
3431:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3245:
3231:
3225:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3175:
3169:
3151:
3145:
3135:
3129:
3126:Doyle White 2017
3119:
3113:
3110:Doyle White 2017
3108:, pp. 8â9;
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2990:Doyle White 2014
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2898:
2892:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2809:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2754:Doyle White 2017
2751:
2745:
2723:
2717:
2714:Doyle White 2017
2710:VelkoborskĂĄ 2015
2695:
2626:Pagan Federation
2577:blue collar jobs
2566:, Canada in 2010
2564:British Columbia
2408:Odin Brotherhood
2347:Stephen McNallen
2333:established the
2331:Else Christensen
2286:, who published
2240:Heinrich Himmler
2177:Reichshammerbund
2141:Ein Kampf un Rom
1984:multiculturalism
1975:Stephen McNallen
1955:African American
1911:religion of the
1889:social construct
1879:The question of
1875:
1796:Heathen holidays
1755:Nine Herbs Charm
1700:sado-masochistic
1489:animal sacrifice
1402:rites of passage
1375:Rollright Stones
1328:secret societies
1160:Ten Commandments
953:elves, dwarves,
772:Gods and spirits
401:Christianization
389:ethnic religions
360:
88:Germanic peoples
10599:
10598:
10594:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10589:
10588:
10564:
10563:
10562:
10557:
10546:
10527:The Pomegranate
10511:
10505:
10480:
10474:
10432:
10385:
10379:
10335:
10279:
10273:
10261:Nature religion
10237:
10232:
10202:
10197:
10146:
10117:Crypto-paganism
10096:
10009:
9761:
9698:
9672:
9636:Nature religion
9619:
9617:Modern paganism
9614:
9584:
9578:
9560:Thorsson, Edred
9552:
9533:
9514:
9495:
9476:
9457:
9434:
9404:
9380:
9378:Primary sources
9375:
9369:
9350:
9331:
9311:Lewis, James R.
9218:
9179:
9129:
9124:
9122:Further reading
9119:
9113:
9090:
9071:
9052:
9033:
9010:
8947:
8924:
8878:
8859:
8840:
8767:
8748:
8725:
8703:
8680:
8657:
8638:
8598:
8575:
8549:
8527:
8508:
8466:
8443:
8420:
8368:
8258:
8239:
8216:
8176:
8157:
8134:
8111:
8088:
8065:
8042:
7977:
7954:
7949:
7941:
7937:
7931:Shnirelman 2013
7929:
7925:
7917:
7913:
7905:
7901:
7893:
7889:
7881:
7877:
7869:
7865:
7857:
7853:
7845:
7841:
7833:
7829:
7819:
7817:
7809:
7808:
7804:
7785:
7781:
7773:
7769:
7755:
7751:
7743:
7739:
7731:
7727:
7717:
7715:
7706:
7705:
7701:
7693:
7689:
7681:
7677:
7669:
7662:
7654:
7650:
7642:
7638:
7630:
7626:
7618:
7614:
7606:, p. 416;
7602:
7598:
7592:Schnurbein 2016
7590:
7586:
7578:
7574:
7566:
7562:
7556:Schnurbein 2016
7554:
7547:
7539:
7535:
7527:
7523:
7515:
7511:
7503:
7499:
7491:
7487:
7481:Schnurbein 2016
7475:
7471:
7459:, p. 198;
7455:
7451:
7445:Schnurbein 2016
7439:, p. 147;
7431:
7427:
7419:
7415:
7407:
7398:
7392:Schnurbein 2016
7390:
7386:
7380:Schnurbein 2016
7378:
7374:
7364:
7362:
7353:
7346:
7334:
7330:
7322:
7318:
7310:
7306:
7298:
7294:
7286:, p. 155;
7282:
7278:
7272:Schnurbein 2016
7270:
7266:
7258:
7254:
7248:Schnurbein 2016
7246:, p. 324;
7242:
7238:
7232:Schnurbein 2016
7226:, p. 133;
7222:, p. 191;
7218:
7214:
7206:
7202:
7194:
7190:
7182:
7178:
7170:
7166:
7158:
7154:
7146:
7142:
7134:
7130:
7122:
7118:
7112:Schnurbein 2016
7110:
7106:
7100:Schnurbein 2016
7098:
7094:
7088:Schnurbein 2016
7082:
7078:
7070:
7066:
7060:Schnurbein 2016
7054:
7050:
7042:
7038:
7032:Schnurbein 2016
7026:
7022:
7010:
7006:
6996:Schnurbein 2016
6986:
6982:
6974:
6970:
6964:Schnurbein 2016
6958:
6954:
6948:Schnurbein 2016
6938:, p. 112;
6934:
6930:
6924:Schnurbein 2016
6922:, p. 108;
6918:
6914:
6908:Schnurbein 2016
6898:
6894:
6888:Schnurbein 2016
6878:
6874:
6868:Schnurbein 2016
6866:, p. 286;
6862:, p. 128;
6850:
6846:
6838:, p. 226;
6834:
6830:
6822:, p. 171;
6818:
6814:
6806:
6802:
6796:Schnurbein 2016
6790:, p. 165;
6786:
6782:
6774:
6770:
6764:Schnurbein 2016
6762:
6758:
6752:Schnurbein 2016
6746:
6742:
6736:Schnurbein 2016
6726:, p. 286;
6722:, p. 127;
6718:
6714:
6706:
6702:
6694:
6690:
6682:
6678:
6670:, p. 259;
6658:
6654:
6648:Schnurbein 2016
6642:
6638:
6630:
6626:
6620:Schnurbein 2016
6618:
6614:
6608:Schnurbein 2016
6606:
6602:
6596:Schnurbein 2016
6594:
6590:
6582:
6578:
6570:
6563:
6557:Schnurbein 2016
6555:
6551:
6545:Schnurbein 2016
6543:, p. 195;
6539:
6535:
6527:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6503:
6499:
6491:
6487:
6479:, p. 390;
6471:
6467:
6461:Schnurbein 2016
6459:
6455:
6449:Schnurbein 2016
6447:
6443:
6437:Schnurbein 2016
6435:
6431:
6425:Schnurbein 2016
6423:, p. 521;
6419:
6415:
6411:, pp. 265.
6407:
6403:
6397:Schnurbein 2016
6395:
6391:
6383:
6379:
6371:
6367:
6359:
6355:
6347:
6343:
6335:
6331:
6319:
6315:
6307:
6303:
6295:
6291:
6283:
6276:
6268:
6264:
6256:, p. 165;
6252:
6248:
6242:Schnurbein 2016
6240:, p. 136;
6236:
6232:
6224:
6220:
6212:
6208:
6200:
6196:
6188:
6184:
6176:
6172:
6166:Schnurbein 2016
6156:
6152:
6140:
6136:
6128:
6124:
6116:
6112:
6104:
6100:
6092:
6088:
6080:, p. 164;
6076:, p. 224;
6072:
6068:
6056:
6052:
6044:
6040:
6032:
6028:
6024:, pp. 6â7.
6022:Schnurbein 2016
6020:
6016:
6008:
6004:
5996:
5992:
5986:Schnurbein 2016
5984:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5960:, p. 128;
5958:Schnurbein 2016
5956:, p. 422;
5944:
5940:
5932:, p. 134;
5928:, p. 153;
5924:, p. 202;
5920:
5916:
5908:
5901:
5893:
5889:
5881:
5877:
5865:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5837:
5833:
5825:
5818:
5810:, p. 159;
5802:, p. 127;
5798:
5794:
5786:, p. 127;
5782:
5778:
5770:
5766:
5758:, p. 196;
5754:
5750:
5742:
5738:
5726:, p. 196;
5722:
5718:
5710:, p. 196;
5706:
5702:
5694:
5690:
5682:
5678:
5670:
5666:
5660:Schnurbein 2016
5654:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5632:Schnurbein 2016
5630:, p. 137;
5622:
5618:
5610:
5606:
5600:Schnurbein 2016
5594:, p. 206;
5586:
5582:
5574:
5570:
5558:
5554:
5542:
5538:
5530:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5506:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5478:
5474:
5466:
5462:
5454:, p. 291;
5450:, p. 129;
5446:
5442:
5434:, p. 127;
5430:
5426:
5410:, p. 127;
5406:
5402:
5394:
5390:
5382:
5378:
5370:
5366:
5358:
5354:
5346:
5342:
5332:ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°
5329:
5325:
5317:, p. 126;
5313:
5309:
5303:Schnurbein 2016
5297:
5293:
5285:
5281:
5275:Schnurbein 2016
5273:, p. 126;
5269:
5265:
5257:, p. 130;
5249:
5245:
5239:Schnurbein 2016
5237:, p. 294;
5233:, p. 194;
5229:, p. 126;
5225:
5221:
5213:
5209:
5201:
5184:
5176:, p. 159;
5164:
5160:
5148:
5144:
5136:
5132:
5124:
5120:
5112:
5108:
5100:, p. 352;
5096:
5092:
5084:
5080:
5072:
5068:
5062:Schnurbein 2016
5060:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5026:
5022:
5003:
4999:
4993:Schnurbein 2016
4991:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4967:
4963:
4957:Schnurbein 2016
4955:
4951:
4945:Schnurbein 2016
4939:, p. 127;
4935:
4931:
4919:
4915:
4909:Schnurbein 2016
4899:, p. 158;
4895:, p. 127;
4891:
4887:
4879:
4875:
4867:, p. 131;
4863:, p. 157;
4859:
4855:
4847:, p. 193;
4843:
4839:
4831:
4824:
4816:
4812:
4804:, p. 131;
4800:
4796:
4788:
4779:
4771:, p. 159;
4767:, p. 131;
4763:, p. 191;
4759:, p. 157;
4755:, p. 127;
4751:
4747:
4741:Schnurbein 2016
4739:
4735:
4729:Schnurbein 2016
4727:
4723:
4715:, p. 224;
4711:
4707:
4699:
4695:
4689:Schnurbein 2016
4687:, p. 204;
4683:
4679:
4671:
4667:
4661:Schnurbein 2016
4655:
4651:
4643:
4639:
4633:Schnurbein 2016
4631:, p. 205;
4627:
4623:
4615:
4604:
4598:Schnurbein 2016
4596:
4592:
4586:Schnurbein 2016
4580:, p. 205;
4576:
4572:
4564:
4560:
4552:
4548:
4540:
4536:
4528:
4524:
4516:
4512:
4504:
4500:
4492:
4488:
4476:
4472:
4460:
4456:
4448:
4444:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4409:
4405:
4393:, p. 424;
4385:, p. 157;
4381:
4377:
4369:
4365:
4357:
4353:
4347:Schnurbein 2016
4345:, p. 127;
4341:
4337:
4329:
4316:
4308:, p. 127;
4304:
4300:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4268:
4264:
4258:Schnurbein 2016
4256:, p. 161;
4252:
4248:
4240:
4233:
4225:, p. 161;
4221:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4197:
4193:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4161:
4157:
4149:
4142:
4134:
4127:
4115:
4111:
4105:Schnurbein 2016
4099:
4095:
4087:
4083:
4077:Schnurbein 2016
4071:, p. 190;
4067:
4063:
4055:, p. 143;
4051:
4047:
4041:Schnurbein 2016
4039:, p. 159;
4031:, p. 190;
4027:, p. 142;
4023:, p. 154;
4019:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3995:, p. 187;
3991:
3987:
3975:
3971:
3963:, p. 126;
3959:
3955:
3947:
3943:
3935:
3931:
3919:
3915:
3903:, p. 187;
3899:, p. 126;
3895:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3867:
3859:
3850:
3842:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3818:
3814:
3802:
3798:
3790:, p. 142;
3786:, p. 268;
3778:
3774:
3768:Schnurbein 2016
3762:, p. 268;
3758:
3754:
3744:Schnurbein 2016
3738:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3714:
3707:
3699:, p. 187;
3695:, p. 155;
3691:
3687:
3679:
3675:
3669:Schnurbein 2016
3667:, p. 143;
3655:
3651:
3641:Schnurbein 2016
3639:, p. 159;
3631:, p. 186;
3623:
3619:
3607:, p. 186;
3603:, p. 154;
3599:, p. 126;
3595:
3591:
3585:Schnurbein 2016
3583:
3579:
3573:Schnurbein 2016
3571:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3547:, p. 152;
3543:
3539:
3531:, p. 152;
3527:
3523:
3515:
3506:
3498:
3494:
3486:, p. 165;
3482:
3478:
3470:, p. 167;
3466:
3462:
3456:Schnurbein 2016
3454:
3450:
3442:, p. 182;
3438:
3434:
3428:Schnurbein 2016
3418:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3366:, p. 113;
3362:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3334:, p. 286;
3330:, p. 128;
3322:
3318:
3310:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3285:Schnurbein 2016
3283:
3279:
3273:Schnurbein 2016
3271:, p. 519;
3267:
3263:
3255:
3248:
3240:, p. 128;
3232:
3228:
3222:Schnurbein 2016
3220:, p. 181;
3212:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3188:, p. 158;
3176:
3172:
3164:, p. 181;
3152:
3148:
3136:
3132:
3120:
3116:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:, p. 145;
3048:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2966:Schnurbein 2016
2964:
2960:
2954:Schnurbein 2016
2952:, p. 137;
2948:
2944:
2936:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:, p. 185;
2899:
2895:
2883:, p. 414;
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2804:, p. 252;
2802:Schnurbein 2016
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2732:, p. 138;
2724:
2720:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2654:
2606:
2592:
2584:Helen A. Berger
2556:
2546:
2504:
2372:Stephen Flowers
2364:ĂsatrĂș Alliance
2312:
2090:
2082:Main articles:
2080:
2075:
2031:Esoteric Nazism
1978:Heathens to be
1877:
1873:
1865:
1798:
1792:
1776:Younger Futhark
1694:which involved
1593:
1531:, also spelled
1494:ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°
1428:
1409:northern Europe
1360:Nottinghamshire
1268:
1256:Stockholm Pride
1210:nature religion
1121:in Lund, Sweden
1107:
984:Norse cosmology
976:
804:Mattias Gardell
774:
769:
613:Norse mythology
474:
318:modern Paganism
279:
217:While the term
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10597:
10587:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10559:
10558:
10551:
10548:
10547:
10545:
10544:
10537:
10530:
10523:
10515:
10513:
10507:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10494:
10484:
10482:
10481:edited volumes
10476:
10475:
10473:
10472:
10461:
10452:
10440:
10438:
10434:
10433:
10431:
10430:
10421:
10417:Pagan Theology
10410:
10399:
10389:
10387:
10381:
10380:
10378:
10377:
10366:
10355:
10343:
10341:
10337:
10336:
10334:
10333:
10322:
10313:
10304:
10295:
10283:
10281:
10275:
10274:
10272:
10271:
10264:
10257:
10250:
10242:
10239:
10238:
10231:
10230:
10223:
10216:
10208:
10199:
10198:
10196:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10154:
10152:
10148:
10147:
10145:
10144:
10139:
10137:Technopaganism
10134:
10129:
10124:
10122:Discrimination
10119:
10114:
10108:
10106:
10102:
10101:
10098:
10097:
10095:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10064:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10017:
10015:
10011:
10010:
10008:
10007:
9996:
9995:
9990:
9989:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9963:
9953:
9952:
9951:
9944:Turko-Mongolic
9941:
9940:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9893:
9892:
9880:
9875:
9874:
9873:
9866:
9854:
9853:
9852:
9847:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9826:
9825:
9818:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9795:
9794:
9789:
9780:
9778:
9771:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9759:
9758:
9757:
9747:
9745:United Kingdom
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9706:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9680:
9678:
9674:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9649:
9648:
9638:
9633:
9627:
9625:
9621:
9620:
9613:
9612:
9605:
9598:
9590:
9583:
9582:
9576:
9556:
9550:
9537:
9531:
9518:
9512:
9499:
9493:
9480:
9474:
9461:
9455:
9438:
9432:
9408:
9402:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9373:
9367:
9354:
9348:
9335:
9329:
9303:
9282:
9264:(4): 453â475.
9253:
9241:(1): 329â352.
9222:
9216:
9183:
9177:
9160:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9117:
9111:
9094:
9088:
9075:
9069:
9056:
9050:
9037:
9031:
9014:
9008:
8995:
8985:(2): 154â189.
8974:
8964:(1): 106â132.
8951:
8945:
8928:
8922:
8905:
8882:
8877:978-0367440961
8876:
8863:
8857:
8844:
8838:
8825:
8802:
8784:(2): 195â215.
8771:
8765:
8752:
8746:
8729:
8723:
8707:
8701:
8684:
8678:
8661:
8655:
8642:
8636:
8619:
8602:
8596:
8579:
8573:
8561:Paganism Today
8557:Harvey, Graham
8553:
8547:
8531:
8525:
8512:
8506:
8493:
8483:(4): 514â544.
8470:
8464:
8447:
8441:
8424:
8418:
8401:
8380:
8366:
8341:
8331:(3): 241â273.
8320:
8302:(3): 346â372.
8291:
8273:(2): 284â310.
8262:
8256:
8243:
8237:
8220:
8214:
8201:
8180:
8174:
8161:
8155:
8138:
8132:
8122:. Eastbourne:
8115:
8109:
8092:
8086:
8069:
8063:
8046:
8040:
8023:
8000:
7981:
7975:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7947:
7935:
7923:
7919:Radulovic 2017
7911:
7909:, p. 188.
7899:
7897:, p. 305.
7887:
7875:
7871:Gregorius 2015
7863:
7859:Gregorius 2015
7851:
7839:
7837:, p. 174.
7827:
7802:
7779:
7777:, p. 168.
7767:
7749:
7737:
7725:
7714:on 29 May 2010
7699:
7697:, p. 108.
7687:
7675:
7660:
7658:, p. 199.
7648:
7646:, p. 198.
7636:
7624:
7612:
7610:, p. 235.
7596:
7594:, p. 296.
7584:
7572:
7560:
7545:
7533:
7521:
7509:
7507:, p. 498.
7497:
7485:
7479:, p. 49;
7469:
7449:
7443:, p. 49;
7425:
7413:
7396:
7394:, p. 216.
7384:
7372:
7344:
7338:, p. 78;
7328:
7326:, pp. 53.
7316:
7314:, p. 304.
7304:
7292:
7290:, p. 158.
7276:
7264:
7252:
7236:
7230:, p. 45;
7212:
7200:
7196:Weinstein 2013
7188:
7176:
7174:, p. 168.
7172:DostĂĄlovĂĄ 2013
7164:
7160:Weinstein 2013
7152:
7140:
7136:DostĂĄlovĂĄ 2013
7128:
7126:, p. 167.
7124:DostĂĄlovĂĄ 2013
7116:
7104:
7092:
7086:, p. 43;
7076:
7064:
7058:, p. 49;
7048:
7044:Gregorius 2015
7036:
7030:, p. 68;
7028:Gregorius 2015
7020:
7018:, p. 256.
7014:, p. 61;
7004:
6980:
6968:
6952:
6946:, p. 46;
6928:
6912:
6906:, p. 18;
6892:
6886:, p. 18;
6872:
6844:
6842:, p. 289.
6828:
6812:
6800:
6794:, p. 46;
6780:
6768:
6756:
6750:, p. 47;
6740:
6730:, p. 46;
6712:
6700:
6688:
6676:
6652:
6636:
6634:, p. 192.
6624:
6612:
6600:
6588:
6576:
6574:, p. 177.
6561:
6549:
6533:
6521:
6519:, p. 123.
6509:
6497:
6485:
6477:Gregorius 2006
6475:, p. 52;
6465:
6453:
6441:
6429:
6413:
6401:
6389:
6377:
6365:
6353:
6341:
6329:
6323:, p. 86;
6313:
6311:, p. 257.
6301:
6299:, p. 139.
6289:
6274:
6262:
6260:, p. 254.
6246:
6244:, p. 129.
6230:
6218:
6216:, p. 165.
6206:
6204:, p. 137.
6194:
6192:, p. 278.
6182:
6180:, p. 271.
6170:
6168:, p. 130.
6150:
6144:, p. 81;
6134:
6122:
6120:, p. 257.
6110:
6098:
6096:, p. 193.
6086:
6084:, p. 128.
6066:
6064:, p. 163.
6060:, p. 77;
6050:
6038:
6026:
6014:
6002:
6000:, p. 165.
5990:
5988:, p. 128.
5978:
5966:
5938:
5936:, p. 193.
5914:
5912:, p. 153.
5899:
5897:, p. 132.
5887:
5875:
5869:, p. 58;
5859:
5857:, p. 287.
5847:
5845:, p. 420.
5841:, p. 58;
5831:
5816:
5814:, p. 420.
5806:, p. 58;
5792:
5790:, p. 425.
5776:
5764:
5762:, p. 425.
5748:
5736:
5734:, p. 118.
5730:, p. 61;
5716:
5700:
5688:
5686:, p. 196.
5676:
5674:, p. 171.
5664:
5662:, p. 246.
5648:
5646:, p. 104.
5636:
5634:, p. 243.
5626:, p. 18;
5616:
5614:, p. 137.
5604:
5598:, p. 62;
5590:, p. 15;
5580:
5568:
5562:, p. 57;
5552:
5550:, p. 296.
5536:
5532:Magliocco 2004
5524:
5522:, p. 396.
5512:
5500:
5488:
5486:, p. 495.
5482:, p. 47;
5472:
5460:
5458:, p. 347.
5440:
5438:, p. 195.
5424:
5422:, p. 194.
5400:
5388:
5386:, p. 168.
5376:
5374:, p. 166.
5364:
5352:
5350:, p. 156.
5340:
5323:
5321:, p. 165.
5307:
5305:, p. 107.
5291:
5289:, p. 194.
5279:
5277:, p. 107.
5263:
5261:, p. 195.
5243:
5241:, p. 106.
5219:
5207:
5182:
5172:, p. 59;
5168:, p. 55;
5158:
5152:, p. 59;
5142:
5130:
5128:, p. 118.
5118:
5116:, p. 195.
5106:
5104:, p. 253.
5090:
5088:, p. 178.
5078:
5076:, p. 140.
5066:
5064:, p. 108.
5051:
5020:
4997:
4995:, p. 109.
4985:
4983:, p. 159.
4973:
4961:
4949:
4947:, p. 113.
4943:, p. 91;
4929:
4913:
4911:, p. 113.
4907:, p. 90;
4885:
4873:
4853:
4837:
4822:
4820:, p. 133.
4810:
4794:
4792:, p. 191.
4777:
4745:
4743:, p. 247.
4733:
4721:
4719:, p. 128.
4705:
4701:Gregorius 2015
4693:
4691:, p. 244.
4677:
4675:, p. 204.
4665:
4649:
4637:
4635:, p. 184.
4621:
4602:
4600:, p. 183.
4590:
4588:, p. 184.
4584:, p. 65;
4570:
4558:
4546:
4534:
4532:, p. 113.
4522:
4510:
4508:, p. 110.
4498:
4486:
4484:, p. 100.
4480:, p. 78;
4478:Gregorius 2015
4470:
4468:, p. 100.
4464:, p. 72;
4454:
4442:
4440:, p. 145.
4427:
4415:
4413:, p. 252.
4403:
4375:
4373:, p. 291.
4363:
4351:
4349:, p. 104.
4335:
4333:, p. 127.
4314:
4312:, p. 139.
4298:
4296:, p. 157.
4286:
4284:, p. 139.
4274:
4272:, p. 146.
4262:
4246:
4244:, p. 161.
4231:
4215:
4213:, p. 121.
4203:
4191:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4153:, p. 142.
4140:
4125:
4123:, p. 231.
4119:, p. 15;
4109:
4103:, p. 56;
4093:
4081:
4079:, p. 100.
4061:
4045:
4035:, p. 54;
4013:
4011:, p. 262.
4001:
3999:, p. 254.
3985:
3983:, p. 187.
3969:
3953:
3941:
3929:
3923:, p. 56;
3913:
3911:, p. 159.
3907:, p. 56;
3889:
3887:, p. 268.
3877:
3865:
3848:
3846:, p. 189.
3836:
3834:, p. 186.
3824:
3822:, p. 125.
3812:
3810:, p. 268.
3806:, p. 72;
3796:
3782:, p. 51;
3772:
3766:, p. 57;
3752:
3750:, p. 271.
3742:, p. 76;
3732:
3730:, p. 103.
3720:
3718:, p. 188.
3705:
3685:
3673:
3659:, p. 71;
3649:
3647:, p. 287.
3635:, p. 57;
3617:
3615:, p. 159.
3611:, p. 55;
3589:
3577:
3565:
3563:, p. 156.
3553:
3551:, p. 242.
3537:
3521:
3519:, p. 390.
3517:Gregorius 2006
3504:
3502:, p. 254.
3492:
3476:
3460:
3448:
3446:, p. 158.
3432:
3424:Gregorius 2015
3412:
3410:, p. 295.
3400:
3394:, p. 53;
3384:
3380:Gregorius 2015
3372:
3356:
3354:, p. 128.
3344:
3338:, p. 53;
3316:
3314:, p. 155.
3301:
3289:
3277:
3261:
3246:
3236:, p. 49;
3226:
3216:, p. 31;
3206:
3194:
3184:, p. 31;
3170:
3168:, p. 415.
3156:, p. 52;
3146:
3130:
3128:, p. 242.
3122:Gregorius 2015
3114:
3112:, p. 242.
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3058:Gregorius 2015
3042:
3040:, p. 184.
3030:
3026:Gregorius 2015
3018:
3016:, p. 497.
3006:
2994:
2992:, p. 303.
2982:
2980:, p. 141.
2970:
2968:, p. 251.
2958:
2956:, p. 251.
2942:
2940:, p. 126.
2921:
2909:
2905:Gregorius 2015
2893:
2887:, p. 50;
2873:
2871:, p. 159.
2861:
2859:, p. 106.
2849:
2847:, p. 182.
2837:
2825:
2810:
2800:, p. 12;
2782:
2780:, p. 138.
2770:
2758:
2756:, p. 242.
2746:
2740:, p. 48;
2718:
2716:, p. 242.
2712:, p. 89;
2708:, p. 64;
2706:Gregorius 2015
2700:, p. 70;
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2591:
2588:
2545:
2542:
2503:
2500:
2485:Eastern Europe
2433:Forn Sed Norge
2391:Allsherjargodi
2311:
2308:
2165:Guido von List
2088:Viking revival
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2047:Fourteen Words
1946:Stephan Grundy
1866:
1864:
1861:
1794:Main article:
1791:
1788:
1688:Edred Thorsson
1617:" to describe
1592:
1583:
1427:
1421:
1267:
1264:
1227:gender-bending
1214:Channel Tunnel
1106:
1103:
1067:Jeffrey Kaplan
975:
972:
808:Guido von List
780:A detail from
773:
770:
768:
765:
698:Germanic Faith
686:Saxon Paganism
682:Norse Paganism
473:
470:
372:anthropologist
357:Nibelungenlied
343:texts such as
278:
275:
225:sometimes use
208:far right-wing
58:, also termed
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10596:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10569:
10556:
10555:
10549:
10543:
10542:
10538:
10536:
10535:
10531:
10529:
10528:
10524:
10522:
10521:
10517:
10516:
10514:
10508:
10501:
10500:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10486:
10485:
10483:
10477:
10470:
10469:
10465:
10462:
10459:
10458:
10453:
10450:
10449:
10445:
10442:
10441:
10439:
10435:
10428:
10427:
10422:
10419:
10418:
10414:
10411:
10408:
10407:
10403:
10400:
10397:
10396:
10392:Salomonsen's
10391:
10390:
10388:
10382:
10375:
10374:
10370:
10367:
10364:
10363:
10359:
10356:
10353:
10352:
10348:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10338:
10331:
10330:
10326:
10323:
10320:
10319:
10314:
10311:
10310:
10305:
10302:
10301:
10296:
10293:
10292:
10288:
10285:
10284:
10282:
10276:
10270:
10269:
10265:
10263:
10262:
10258:
10256:
10255:
10251:
10249:
10248:
10244:
10243:
10240:
10236:
10235:Pagan studies
10229:
10224:
10222:
10217:
10215:
10210:
10209:
10206:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10155:
10153:
10149:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10132:Pagan studies
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10109:
10107:
10103:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10077:Cochranianism
10075:
10073:
10069:
10066:
10065:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10018:
10016:
10012:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9997:
9994:
9991:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9946:
9945:
9942:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9919:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9891:
9890:
9886:
9885:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9872:
9871:
9867:
9865:
9864:
9860:
9859:
9858:
9855:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9842:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9824:
9823:
9819:
9817:
9816:
9812:
9811:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9781:
9779:
9775:
9772:
9769:
9764:
9756:
9753:
9752:
9751:
9750:United States
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9707:
9705:
9701:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9675:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9647:
9644:
9643:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9622:
9618:
9611:
9606:
9604:
9599:
9597:
9592:
9591:
9588:
9579:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9553:
9547:
9543:
9538:
9534:
9528:
9524:
9519:
9515:
9509:
9505:
9500:
9496:
9490:
9486:
9481:
9477:
9471:
9467:
9462:
9458:
9452:
9448:
9444:
9439:
9435:
9429:
9425:
9420:
9419:
9413:
9409:
9405:
9399:
9395:
9391:
9387:
9383:
9382:
9370:
9364:
9360:
9355:
9351:
9345:
9341:
9336:
9332:
9326:
9322:
9318:
9317:
9312:
9308:
9304:
9300:
9296:
9292:
9288:
9283:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9267:
9263:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9230:
9223:
9219:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9201:
9197:
9192:
9191:
9184:
9180:
9174:
9170:
9166:
9161:
9157:
9153:
9149:
9145:
9141:
9137:
9132:
9131:
9114:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9095:
9091:
9085:
9081:
9076:
9072:
9066:
9062:
9057:
9053:
9047:
9043:
9038:
9034:
9028:
9024:
9021:. Jefferson:
9020:
9015:
9011:
9005:
9001:
8996:
8992:
8988:
8984:
8980:
8975:
8971:
8967:
8963:
8959:
8958:
8952:
8948:
8942:
8938:
8934:
8929:
8925:
8919:
8915:
8911:
8906:
8902:
8898:
8894:
8890:
8889:
8883:
8879:
8873:
8869:
8864:
8860:
8854:
8850:
8845:
8841:
8835:
8831:
8826:
8822:
8818:
8814:
8810:
8809:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8779:
8778:
8772:
8768:
8762:
8758:
8753:
8749:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8730:
8726:
8720:
8716:
8712:
8711:Paxson, Diana
8708:
8704:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8685:
8681:
8675:
8670:
8669:
8662:
8658:
8652:
8648:
8643:
8639:
8633:
8629:
8628:Citadel Press
8625:
8620:
8616:
8612:
8608:
8603:
8599:
8593:
8589:
8585:
8580:
8576:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8558:
8554:
8550:
8544:
8540:
8536:
8535:GrĂŒnder, RenĂ©
8532:
8528:
8522:
8518:
8513:
8509:
8503:
8499:
8494:
8490:
8486:
8482:
8478:
8477:
8471:
8467:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8448:
8444:
8438:
8434:
8430:
8425:
8421:
8415:
8411:
8407:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8363:
8359:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8297:
8292:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8263:
8259:
8253:
8249:
8244:
8240:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8221:
8217:
8211:
8207:
8202:
8198:
8194:
8191:(1): 77â116.
8190:
8186:
8181:
8177:
8171:
8167:
8162:
8158:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8139:
8135:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8116:
8112:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8093:
8089:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8070:
8066:
8060:
8056:
8052:
8047:
8043:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8008:
8007:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7978:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7957:
7956:
7945:, p. 60.
7944:
7939:
7933:, p. 68.
7932:
7927:
7921:, p. 63.
7920:
7915:
7908:
7903:
7896:
7895:Witulski 2013
7891:
7884:
7883:Witulski 2013
7879:
7873:, p. 72.
7872:
7867:
7860:
7855:
7848:
7843:
7836:
7831:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7783:
7776:
7771:
7764:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7747:, p. 16.
7746:
7741:
7735:, p. 43.
7734:
7729:
7713:
7709:
7703:
7696:
7691:
7685:, p. 24.
7684:
7679:
7673:, p. 16.
7672:
7667:
7665:
7657:
7652:
7645:
7640:
7634:, p. 79.
7633:
7628:
7621:
7616:
7609:
7605:
7600:
7593:
7588:
7582:, p. 34.
7581:
7576:
7570:, p. 32.
7569:
7564:
7558:, p. 89.
7557:
7552:
7550:
7543:, p. 44.
7542:
7537:
7531:, p. 47.
7530:
7525:
7518:
7513:
7506:
7501:
7495:, p. 30.
7494:
7489:
7483:, p. 90.
7482:
7478:
7473:
7467:, p. 28.
7466:
7462:
7458:
7453:
7447:, p. 89.
7446:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7429:
7423:, p. 88.
7422:
7417:
7411:, p. 81.
7410:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7393:
7388:
7382:, p. 88.
7381:
7376:
7360:
7357:
7351:
7349:
7342:, p. 16.
7341:
7337:
7332:
7325:
7320:
7313:
7312:Witulski 2013
7308:
7301:
7296:
7289:
7285:
7284:Strmiska 2007
7280:
7273:
7268:
7262:, p. 92.
7261:
7256:
7250:, p. 73.
7249:
7245:
7240:
7234:, p. 63.
7233:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7216:
7210:, p. 24.
7209:
7204:
7198:, p. 60.
7197:
7192:
7186:, p. 63.
7185:
7180:
7173:
7168:
7161:
7156:
7149:
7148:Granholm 2011
7144:
7137:
7132:
7125:
7120:
7113:
7108:
7101:
7096:
7090:, p. 67.
7089:
7085:
7080:
7073:
7068:
7062:, p. 62.
7061:
7057:
7052:
7045:
7040:
7034:, p. 61.
7033:
7029:
7024:
7017:
7013:
7008:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6984:
6977:
6972:
6966:, p. 69.
6965:
6961:
6956:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6936:Strmiska 2000
6932:
6926:, p. 70.
6925:
6921:
6920:Strmiska 2000
6916:
6909:
6905:
6901:
6896:
6890:, p. 72.
6889:
6885:
6881:
6876:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6848:
6841:
6837:
6832:
6826:, p. 46.
6825:
6821:
6816:
6809:
6804:
6798:, p. 58.
6797:
6793:
6789:
6784:
6778:, p. 17.
6777:
6772:
6766:, p. 63.
6765:
6760:
6754:, p. 54.
6753:
6749:
6744:
6738:, p. 54.
6737:
6734:, p. 8;
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6716:
6710:, p. 60.
6709:
6704:
6698:, p. 78.
6697:
6692:
6686:, p. 77.
6685:
6680:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6656:
6650:, p. 47.
6649:
6645:
6640:
6633:
6628:
6622:, p. 51.
6621:
6616:
6609:
6604:
6598:, p. 48.
6597:
6592:
6585:
6580:
6573:
6568:
6566:
6558:
6553:
6546:
6542:
6537:
6530:
6525:
6518:
6513:
6507:, p. 52.
6506:
6501:
6495:, p. 49.
6494:
6489:
6482:
6481:Granholm 2011
6478:
6474:
6469:
6463:, p. 40.
6462:
6457:
6450:
6445:
6439:, p. 38.
6438:
6433:
6427:, p. 17.
6426:
6422:
6421:Granholm 2011
6417:
6410:
6405:
6399:, p. 17.
6398:
6393:
6386:
6385:Granholm 2011
6381:
6374:
6369:
6362:
6357:
6351:, p. 94.
6350:
6345:
6338:
6333:
6326:
6322:
6317:
6310:
6305:
6298:
6293:
6287:, p. 85.
6286:
6281:
6279:
6271:
6266:
6259:
6255:
6250:
6243:
6239:
6234:
6227:
6222:
6215:
6210:
6203:
6198:
6191:
6186:
6179:
6174:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6154:
6147:
6143:
6138:
6131:
6126:
6119:
6114:
6108:, p. 89.
6107:
6102:
6095:
6090:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6070:
6063:
6059:
6054:
6048:, p. 67.
6047:
6042:
6035:
6030:
6023:
6018:
6012:, p. 90.
6011:
6006:
5999:
5994:
5987:
5982:
5976:, p. 78.
5975:
5970:
5964:, p. 52.
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5942:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5918:
5911:
5906:
5904:
5896:
5891:
5884:
5879:
5872:
5868:
5863:
5856:
5851:
5844:
5840:
5835:
5829:, p. 58.
5828:
5823:
5821:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5774:, p. 49.
5773:
5768:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5746:, p. 61.
5745:
5740:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5697:
5692:
5685:
5680:
5673:
5672:Strmiska 2007
5668:
5661:
5657:
5652:
5645:
5640:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5620:
5613:
5608:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5578:, p. 57.
5577:
5572:
5566:, p. 93.
5565:
5561:
5556:
5549:
5545:
5540:
5533:
5528:
5521:
5516:
5509:
5504:
5498:, p. 62.
5497:
5492:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5470:, p. 11.
5469:
5464:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5433:
5428:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5397:
5396:Strmiska 2007
5392:
5385:
5384:Strmiska 2007
5380:
5373:
5372:Strmiska 2007
5368:
5361:
5356:
5349:
5348:Strmiska 2007
5344:
5337:
5333:
5327:
5320:
5319:Strmiska 2007
5316:
5311:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5288:
5283:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5247:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5216:
5211:
5205:, p. 59.
5204:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5155:
5151:
5146:
5140:, p. 69.
5139:
5134:
5127:
5126:Strmiska 2000
5122:
5115:
5110:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5075:
5070:
5063:
5058:
5056:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5024:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4989:
4982:
4977:
4971:, p. 22.
4970:
4965:
4958:
4953:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4933:
4927:, p. 61.
4926:
4922:
4917:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4882:
4877:
4871:, p. 85.
4870:
4866:
4862:
4857:
4851:, p. 93.
4850:
4846:
4841:
4835:, p. 92.
4834:
4829:
4827:
4819:
4814:
4808:, p. 92.
4807:
4803:
4798:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4742:
4737:
4730:
4725:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4703:, p. 79.
4702:
4697:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4674:
4669:
4663:, p. 97.
4662:
4658:
4653:
4647:, p. 74.
4646:
4641:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4619:, p. 66.
4618:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4599:
4594:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4562:
4555:
4550:
4544:, p. 45.
4543:
4538:
4531:
4526:
4519:
4514:
4507:
4502:
4496:, p. 90.
4495:
4490:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4467:
4463:
4458:
4452:, p. 72.
4451:
4446:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4412:
4407:
4401:, p. 98.
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4379:
4372:
4367:
4361:, p. 70.
4360:
4355:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4295:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4271:
4266:
4260:, p. 99.
4259:
4255:
4250:
4243:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4212:
4211:Strmiska 2000
4207:
4201:, p. 57.
4200:
4195:
4189:, p. 69.
4188:
4183:
4176:
4171:
4164:
4159:
4152:
4147:
4145:
4138:, p. 64.
4137:
4132:
4130:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4107:, p. 99.
4106:
4102:
4097:
4091:, p. 55.
4090:
4085:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4059:, p. 57.
4058:
4054:
4049:
4043:, p. 98.
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3982:
3978:
3977:Strmiska 2007
3973:
3967:, p. 64.
3966:
3962:
3957:
3951:, p. 13.
3950:
3945:
3938:
3933:
3927:, p. 13.
3926:
3922:
3917:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3886:
3881:
3874:
3869:
3863:, p. 57.
3862:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3845:
3840:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3794:, p. 55.
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3770:, p. 95.
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3729:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3703:, p. 55.
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3683:, p. 48.
3682:
3677:
3671:, p. 94.
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3587:, p. 94.
3586:
3581:
3574:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3535:, p. 45.
3534:
3530:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3496:
3490:, p. 53.
3489:
3485:
3480:
3474:, p. 53.
3473:
3469:
3468:Strmiska 2007
3464:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3430:, p. 10.
3429:
3425:
3422:, p. 5;
3421:
3416:
3409:
3404:
3398:, p. 53.
3397:
3393:
3388:
3382:, p. 65.
3381:
3376:
3369:
3365:
3364:Strmiska 2000
3360:
3353:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3326:, p. 5;
3325:
3320:
3313:
3312:Strmiska 2007
3308:
3306:
3298:
3293:
3287:, p. 11.
3286:
3281:
3274:
3270:
3269:Granholm 2011
3265:
3259:, p. 85.
3258:
3253:
3251:
3244:, p. 53.
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3224:, p. 10.
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3204:, p. 16.
3203:
3198:
3192:, p. 52.
3191:
3187:
3183:
3180:, p. 6;
3179:
3174:
3167:
3163:
3160:, p. 6;
3159:
3155:
3150:
3144:, p. 79.
3143:
3140:, p. 9;
3139:
3134:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3096:, p. 52.
3095:
3090:
3083:
3078:
3072:, p. 58.
3071:
3066:
3060:, p. 74.
3059:
3055:
3052:, p. 5;
3051:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3028:, p. 64.
3027:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3004:, p. 60.
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2919:, p. 49.
2918:
2913:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2891:, p. 40.
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2858:
2857:Strmiska 2000
2853:
2846:
2841:
2835:, p. 53.
2834:
2829:
2823:, p. 66.
2822:
2817:
2815:
2808:, p. 39.
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2779:
2774:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2736:, p. 1;
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:, p. 2;
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2544:North America
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:Graham Harvey
2508:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2468:extreme metal
2465:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2276:Per Imerslund
2273:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:Irminenschaft
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:Schutzstaffel
2233:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:Thule Society
2186:
2185:Germanenorden
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2149:Ernst Wachler
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2115:Wilhelm Grimm
2112:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:race traitors
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1863:Racial issues
1860:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:Winter Nights
1811:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1553:drinking horn
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:to the gods.
1458:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:Gamla Uppsala
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:homosexuality
1232:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1193:Gamla Uppsala
1189:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:reincarnation
1084:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
971:
969:
964:
960:
956:
951:
947:
946:
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
918:
913:
909:
905:
896:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
797:
793:
789:
786:
783:
778:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:Varg Vikernes
738:
734:
733:Heathen Front
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
598:
594:
589:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:reappropriate
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:
509:
508:
503:
499:
495:
490:
483:
478:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
436:
433:
429:
421:
417:
412:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
380:
378:
373:
368:
364:
359:
358:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
337:
332:
331:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
300:
299:VÀstergötland
296:
292:
288:
283:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
204:Germanic race
201:
197:
194:'s defeat in
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
29:
22:
10552:
10541:Nova Religio
10539:
10532:
10525:
10518:
10497:
10488:
10466:
10455:
10446:
10424:
10415:
10404:
10393:
10371:
10360:
10349:
10327:
10316:
10315:Greenwood's
10307:
10298:
10289:
10266:
10259:
10252:
10245:
10173:Neotribalism
9999:Interfaith:
9896:
9887:
9868:
9861:
9820:
9813:
9798:
9740:South Africa
9646:Neoshamanism
9563:
9541:
9522:
9503:
9484:
9465:
9442:
9417:
9389:
9358:
9339:
9315:
9293:(3): 30â51.
9290:
9286:
9261:
9257:
9238:
9234:
9228:
9189:
9164:
9139:
9135:
9098:
9079:
9060:
9041:
9018:
8999:
8982:
8978:
8961:
8955:
8935:. New York:
8932:
8909:
8895:(3): 52â76.
8892:
8886:
8867:
8848:
8829:
8815:(1): 47â76.
8812:
8806:
8781:
8775:
8756:
8733:
8714:
8688:
8667:
8646:
8626:. New York:
8623:
8614:
8610:
8583:
8560:
8538:
8516:
8497:
8480:
8474:
8456:Tauris Parke
8454:. New York:
8451:
8431:. New York:
8428:
8405:
8391:(2): 59â81.
8388:
8384:
8349:
8345:
8328:
8324:
8299:
8295:
8270:
8266:
8247:
8224:
8205:
8188:
8184:
8165:
8142:
8119:
8096:
8073:
8050:
8027:
8013:(1): 42â69.
8010:
8004:
7995:
7989:
7961:
7938:
7926:
7914:
7902:
7890:
7878:
7866:
7854:
7842:
7830:
7818:. Retrieved
7814:
7805:
7797:the original
7782:
7770:
7760:
7752:
7740:
7728:
7716:. Retrieved
7712:the original
7702:
7690:
7678:
7651:
7639:
7627:
7615:
7599:
7587:
7575:
7563:
7536:
7524:
7512:
7500:
7488:
7472:
7452:
7428:
7416:
7387:
7375:
7363:. Retrieved
7331:
7319:
7307:
7295:
7279:
7267:
7255:
7244:Gardell 2003
7239:
7215:
7203:
7191:
7179:
7167:
7155:
7143:
7131:
7119:
7107:
7095:
7079:
7067:
7051:
7039:
7023:
7007:
6983:
6971:
6955:
6931:
6915:
6895:
6875:
6847:
6831:
6820:Gardell 2003
6815:
6808:Gardell 2003
6803:
6788:Gardell 2003
6783:
6771:
6759:
6743:
6715:
6703:
6691:
6679:
6655:
6639:
6627:
6615:
6603:
6591:
6579:
6552:
6536:
6524:
6512:
6500:
6488:
6468:
6456:
6444:
6432:
6416:
6404:
6392:
6380:
6373:Gardell 2003
6368:
6361:Gardell 2003
6356:
6344:
6337:Gardell 2003
6332:
6316:
6304:
6292:
6265:
6254:Gardell 2003
6249:
6233:
6226:Gardell 2003
6221:
6214:Gardell 2003
6209:
6197:
6190:Gardell 2003
6185:
6178:Gardell 2003
6173:
6162:Gardell 2003
6153:
6137:
6125:
6113:
6101:
6089:
6078:Gardell 2003
6069:
6062:Gardell 2003
6053:
6041:
6029:
6017:
6005:
5993:
5981:
5969:
5941:
5926:Gardell 2003
5917:
5910:Gardell 2003
5890:
5878:
5862:
5850:
5834:
5795:
5779:
5767:
5751:
5739:
5719:
5703:
5691:
5679:
5667:
5651:
5639:
5619:
5607:
5583:
5571:
5555:
5539:
5527:
5515:
5503:
5491:
5475:
5463:
5443:
5427:
5412:Gardell 2003
5403:
5391:
5379:
5367:
5355:
5343:
5331:
5326:
5310:
5294:
5282:
5266:
5246:
5222:
5210:
5166:Gardell 2003
5161:
5145:
5133:
5121:
5109:
5093:
5081:
5069:
5042:. Retrieved
5038:the original
5033:
5023:
5015:the original
5010:
5000:
4988:
4981:Gardell 2003
4976:
4964:
4952:
4932:
4916:
4897:Gardell 2003
4888:
4876:
4861:Gardell 2003
4856:
4840:
4813:
4797:
4757:Gardell 2003
4748:
4736:
4724:
4708:
4696:
4680:
4668:
4652:
4640:
4624:
4593:
4573:
4561:
4549:
4537:
4525:
4513:
4501:
4489:
4473:
4457:
4445:
4418:
4406:
4383:Gardell 2003
4378:
4366:
4354:
4338:
4301:
4294:Gardell 2003
4289:
4277:
4265:
4254:Gardell 2003
4249:
4242:Gardell 2003
4223:Gardell 2003
4218:
4206:
4194:
4182:
4175:Gardell 2003
4170:
4158:
4112:
4096:
4084:
4064:
4048:
4021:Gardell 2003
4016:
4004:
3988:
3972:
3956:
3944:
3932:
3916:
3892:
3885:Gardell 2003
3880:
3868:
3839:
3827:
3815:
3808:Gardell 2003
3799:
3784:Gardell 2003
3775:
3760:Gardell 2003
3755:
3735:
3723:
3693:Gardell 2003
3688:
3676:
3661:Gardell 2003
3652:
3625:Gardell 2003
3620:
3601:Gardell 2003
3592:
3580:
3568:
3561:Gardell 2003
3556:
3545:Gardell 2003
3540:
3529:Gardell 2003
3524:
3495:
3484:Gardell 2003
3479:
3463:
3458:, p. 9.
3451:
3435:
3415:
3403:
3387:
3375:
3359:
3347:
3342:, p. 9.
3319:
3299:, p. 5.
3292:
3280:
3275:, p. 9.
3264:
3229:
3214:Gardell 2003
3209:
3202:GrĂŒnder 2008
3197:
3182:Gardell 2003
3173:
3149:
3133:
3117:
3101:
3089:
3077:
3065:
3050:Horrell 2012
3045:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2945:
2912:
2896:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2785:
2773:
2768:, p. 1.
2766:Horrell 2012
2761:
2749:
2744:, p. 9.
2734:Horrell 2012
2721:
2702:Gardell 2003
2693:
2638:
2634:
2615:
2581:
2573:white collar
2569:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2513:
2502:Demographics
2472:Viking metal
2457:
2445:
2421:
2406:
2390:
2384:
2367:
2362:founded the
2342:
2328:
2321:
2287:
2280:Geirr Tveitt
2271:
2269:
2260:West Germany
2256:World War II
2238:(SS) leader
2225:
2211:
2205:
2168:
2158:
2140:
2122:
2099:
2027:Nazi Germany
2023:Adolf Hitler
2014:
2010:
2006:
2004:
1960:
1938:
1925:Bohus-Björkö
1909:
1901:universalist
1900:
1896:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1856:
1853:
1846:
1830:Heimskringla
1829:
1815:
1805:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1739:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1707:
1703:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1520:
1517:Heimskringla
1516:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1435:
1423:
1406:
1399:
1379:Warwickshire
1367:stone circle
1352:Skagafjörður
1343:
1339:
1336:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1292:social media
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1219:
1202:
1164:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1124:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1056:
1045:
1031:
1025:
977:
943:
939:
925:
916:
901:
888:
884:
880:
833:
816:monotheistic
812:polytheistic
801:
756:
752:
748:
739:, coined by
736:
728:
724:
720:
716:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:Heimskringla
671:
667:
663:
659:
651:
647:
645:
640:
620:
616:
604:
602:
578:Anglo-Saxons
573:
561:
557:
553:
551:
542:
538:
534:
526:
522:
514:
505:
497:
493:
491:
487:
481:
443:
424:
404:
381:
344:
334:
328:
322:
304:Scholars of
303:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
246:
242:
234:
230:
226:
218:
216:
196:World War II
192:Nazi Germany
181:
172:
167:
156:
150:
140:
130:
123:cosmological
121:. It adopts
111:polytheistic
104:
72:modern Pagan
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:
32:
10496:Strmiska's
10325:Magliocco's
10168:Hermeticism
9787:Ausar Auset
9766:Movements (
9735:Scandinavia
9422:. St Paul:
9198:. pp.
8736:. Farnham:
8352:: 129â156.
7998:(1): 77â83.
7943:Feraro 2016
7847:Amster 2015
7745:Calico 2018
7656:Kaplan 1996
7644:Kaplan 1996
7632:Cragle 2017
7620:Calico 2018
7608:Calico 2018
7580:Calico 2018
7568:Calico 2018
7529:Amster 2015
7517:Cragle 2017
7493:Calico 2018
7477:Amster 2015
7465:Calico 2018
7457:Kaplan 1996
7441:Amster 2015
7433:Kaplan 1996
7421:Cragle 2017
7409:Cragle 2017
7340:Calico 2018
7336:Cragle 2017
7324:Harvey 2007
7300:Cragle 2017
7260:Kaplan 1997
7228:Amster 2015
7208:Calico 2018
7084:Amster 2015
7072:Asprem 2008
7056:Asprem 2008
7012:Harvey 1995
6992:Asprem 2008
6988:Kaplan 1996
6944:Asprem 2008
6904:Paxson 2002
6900:Kaplan 1996
6884:Paxson 2002
6880:Kaplan 1996
6856:Paxson 2002
6852:Kaplan 1996
6836:Kaplan 1996
6824:Asprem 2008
6792:Asprem 2008
6776:Paxson 2002
6748:Asprem 2008
6728:Asprem 2008
6708:Harvey 2007
6672:Asprem 2008
6660:Kaplan 1996
6644:Asprem 2008
6349:Kaplan 1997
6321:Kaplan 1997
6285:Kaplan 1997
6270:Kaplan 1997
6158:Kaplan 1997
6146:Harvey 2007
6142:Kaplan 1997
6106:Cragle 2017
6074:Kaplan 1996
6058:Kaplan 1997
6046:Harvey 2007
6010:Cragle 2017
5974:Kaplan 1997
5922:Kaplan 1996
5867:Harvey 2007
5839:Harvey 2007
5827:Harvey 2007
5804:Harvey 2007
5772:Harvey 1995
5744:Harvey 2007
5732:Calico 2018
5728:Harvey 2007
5696:Harvey 2007
5656:Kaplan 1996
5644:Cragle 2017
5596:Harvey 2007
5496:Harvey 2007
5456:Calico 2018
5360:Calico 2018
5215:Calico 2018
5203:Harvey 2007
5170:Harvey 2007
5154:Calico 2018
5150:Harvey 2007
5138:Calico 2018
4925:Harvey 2007
4881:Cragle 2017
4713:Kaplan 1996
4617:Harvey 2007
4582:Harvey 2007
4554:Cragle 2017
4494:Calico 2018
4482:Cragle 2017
4466:Cragle 2017
4423:Cragle 2017
4399:Cragle 2017
4187:Kaplan 1997
4121:Calico 2018
4101:Harvey 2007
4089:Harvey 2007
4073:Harvey 2007
4057:Harvey 2007
4033:Harvey 2007
4009:Calico 2018
3997:Calico 2018
3921:Harvey 2007
3905:Harvey 2007
3873:Calico 2018
3861:Harvey 2007
3804:Kaplan 1997
3792:Harvey 2007
3780:Harvey 1995
3748:Calico 2018
3701:Harvey 2007
3681:Amster 2015
3657:Kaplan 1997
3645:Calico 2018
3633:Harvey 2007
3609:Harvey 2007
3533:Asprem 2008
3488:Harvey 2007
3408:Calico 2018
3396:Harvey 2007
3392:Harvey 1995
3368:Amster 2015
3336:Harvey 2007
3257:Cragle 2017
3242:Harvey 2007
3234:Harvey 1995
3154:Harvey 1995
3142:Cragle 2017
3094:Harvey 1995
3082:Cragle 2017
2889:Calico 2018
2821:Calico 2018
2806:Calico 2018
2698:Kaplan 1997
2630:2011 census
2464:Pagan metal
2460:black metal
2443:developed.
2403:Odinic Rite
2343:The Odinist
2244:clairvoyant
2191:founded by
2119:nationalism
2111:Jacob Grimm
2059:Black Order
1744:Anglo-Saxon
1673:entheogenic
1640:EirĂks saga
1575:apple juice
1364:Nine Ladies
1332:Freemasonry
1280:fellowships
1246:members of
1244:transgender
1239:LGBT rights
1152:Poetic Edda
1009:Brian Bates
992:Nine Worlds
928:pantheistic
908:omnipresent
472:Terminology
466:imperialism
462:colonialism
405:Neo-Heathen
341:Old English
336:Poetic Edda
184:Romanticism
10584:Polytheism
10568:Categories
10287:Luhrmann's
10105:In society
10092:Stregheria
10087:Reclaiming
9830:Burkhanism
9624:Approaches
9445:. London:
9194:. Berlin:
9167:. Sydney:
9101:. Lanham:
8617:(1): 1â14.
8563:. London:
8227:. Lanham:
8145:. Leiden:
8076:. London:
7907:ÄrniÄ 2013
7695:Snook 2015
7683:Snook 2015
7505:Pizza 2015
7365:6 December
7220:Blain 2005
6864:Adler 2006
6840:Adler 2006
6732:Snook 2015
6724:Adler 2006
6632:Blain 2005
6094:Blain 2005
5950:Adler 2006
5934:Blain 2005
5871:Smith 2022
5855:Adler 2006
5756:Blain 2005
5724:Blain 2005
5708:Blain 2005
5684:Blain 2005
5628:Snook 2015
5624:Blain 2002
5612:Snook 2015
5592:Blain 2005
5588:Blain 2002
5576:Blain 2002
5560:Blain 2002
5548:Adler 2006
5544:Blain 2002
5520:Adler 2006
5508:Blain 2002
5484:Pizza 2015
5480:Pizza 2014
5468:Snook 2015
5452:Adler 2006
5436:Blain 2005
5420:Blain 2005
5299:Blain 2005
5287:Blain 2005
5259:Blain 2005
5235:Adler 2006
5231:Blain 2005
5178:Snook 2015
5114:Blain 2005
5044:26 October
4969:Snook 2015
4941:Snook 2015
4905:Snook 2015
4869:Snook 2015
4849:Snook 2015
4845:Blain 2005
4833:Snook 2015
4806:Snook 2015
4790:Blain 2005
4773:Snook 2015
4761:Blain 2005
4685:Blain 2005
4673:Blain 2005
4657:Snook 2015
4645:Snook 2015
4629:Blain 2005
4578:Blain 2005
4566:Snook 2015
4542:Snook 2015
4530:Snook 2015
4518:Snook 2015
4506:Snook 2015
4462:Snook 2015
4450:Snook 2015
4395:Snook 2015
4371:Adler 2006
4359:Snook 2015
4227:Snook 2015
4199:Snook 2015
4136:Snook 2015
4117:Blain 2002
4069:Blain 2005
4029:Blain 2005
3993:Blain 2005
3981:Blain 2005
3965:Snook 2015
3949:Snook 2015
3937:Blain 2005
3925:Snook 2015
3901:Blain 2005
3844:Blain 2005
3832:Blain 2005
3764:Snook 2015
3740:Snook 2015
3716:Blain 2005
3697:Blain 2005
3629:Blain 2005
3605:Blain 2005
3472:Snook 2013
3440:Blain 2005
3420:Blain 2002
3340:Snook 2015
3332:Adler 2006
3324:Blain 2002
3297:Blain 2002
3218:Blain 2005
3190:Snook 2013
3178:Blain 2002
3162:Blain 2005
3158:Blain 2002
3138:Snook 2015
3106:Snook 2015
3054:Snook 2015
3038:Blain 2005
3014:Pizza 2015
3002:Snook 2015
2917:Snook 2015
2901:Blain 2005
2885:Snook 2015
2845:Blain 2005
2833:Snook 2015
2798:Snook 2015
2790:Blain 2005
2742:Snook 2015
2738:Pizza 2014
2726:Blain 2005
2681:References
2520:globally.
2489:Lithuanian
2487:, such as
2437:Copenhagen
2356:California
2300:Kibbo Kift
2137:Felix Dahn
2067:Wotansvolk
2051:David Lane
1913:Aryan race
1891:rooted in
1810:Ăingvellir
1763:divination
1736:rune poems
1730:ceremony,
1698:utilizing
1426:and sumbel
1395:Ăingvellir
1381:, and the
1371:Derbyshire
1206:ecological
1115:Humlamaden
1099:SessrĂșmnir
996:world tree
945:landvĂŠttir
904:omnipotent
868:Nehalennia
810:found the
597:Shropshire
593:The Wrekin
498:Heathenism
432:Viking Age
379:movement.
377:postmodern
330:Prose Edda
295:Gothenburg
277:Definition
60:Heathenism
41:Viking Age
10402:Gardell's
10369:Clifton's
10188:Theosophy
10158:Ariosophy
10112:Criticism
10051:Ivanovism
10014:Syncretic
9971:Hungarian
9799:Heathenry
9792:Godianism
9755:Minnesota
9710:Australia
9278:264390551
9156:264394549
8798:144202664
8376:233585102
8316:218836456
8078:Routledge
7820:1 January
7288:Davy 2007
5808:Davy 2007
5174:Davy 2007
4769:Davy 2007
4037:Davy 2007
3909:Davy 2007
3820:York 1995
3637:Davy 2007
3613:Davy 2007
3444:Davy 2007
3186:Davy 2007
2686:Citations
2441:Forn SiĂ°r
2376:The Troth
2352:neo-Nazis
2223:society.
2161:Ariosophy
2084:Ariosophy
2043:The Order
1905:racialist
1838:Midwinter
1812:, Iceland
1790:Festivals
1696:sex magic
1615:shamanism
1571:Minnesota
1248:The Troth
1150:from the
1038:free will
1000:Yggdrasil
980:cosmology
932:animistic
796:Stockholm
790:, in the
785:runestone
745:odal rune
664:Forn SiĂ°r
629:valkyries
599:, England
494:Heathenry
420:ReykjavĂk
416:ĂskjuhlĂĂ°
325:Old Norse
219:Heathenry
200:racialist
177:afterlife
137:libations
127:animistic
100:folkloric
56:Heathenry
10512:journals
10464:Berger's
10358:Hutton's
10347:Hutton's
10297:Orion's
10247:Paganism
9961:Estonian
9902:Hellenic
9897:Germanic
9883:Egyptian
9840:Caucasic
9815:Dievturi
9804:Armenian
9783:African
9631:Eclectic
9562:(1984).
9414:(1993).
9388:(2015).
9196:Springer
8565:Thorsons
8537:(2008).
8229:Altamira
8101:ABC-CLIO
8032:Berghahn
2652:See also
2515:scholar
2480:Internet
2453:Eldaring
2302:and the
2262:, where
2063:Satanism
2057:and the
2015:Wodenism
2011:Wotanism
1899:and the
1893:cultural
1885:heredity
1826:SigrblĂłt
1806:ĂingblĂłt
1752:and the
1601:JĂłlablĂłt
1469:libation
1440:Ăsterlen
1438:near to
1272:kindreds
1199:, Sweden
1156:dogmatic
1095:Valhalla
1059:Ragnarök
1042:fatalism
917:godpoles
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