3232:
4369:
1359:
3333:
739:
2217:
2400:
1265:
2913:
1410:
835:
1496:
2629:
1977:
3497:
4728:
4047:
3764:
4667:
4145:
14623:
13264:
4707:, including the perspectives of black women musicians and fans, in the heavy metal scene in North America and the United Kingdom. She also grounded her doctorial thesis "'Freedom Ain't Free': Race and Representation(s) in Extreme Heavy Metal" on her own experiences, laying out some the nuances of a community that can be both a site of exclusionism and at the same time also a place for greater freedom of expression compared to mainstream genres. The band
4407:
favorably embraced in
Scandinavia and Northern Europe than other regions due to social and political openness in these regions; Finland in particular has been often called the "Promised Land of Heavy Metal", as there are more than 50 metal bands for every 100,000 inhabitants â more than any other nation in the world. Established continental metal bands that placed multiple albums in the top 20 of the German charts between 2003 and 2008 include Finland's
487:
14635:
5109:... A sloppy performanceâbut never flaccid. Some bad detail, but lots of tension. It's a mechanical conception and realization (like all metal songs)âwith the instruments and Mick's voice densely organized into hard, sharp-edged planes of sound: a construction of aural surfaces and regular surfaced planes, a planar conception, the product of a mechanistic discipline, with an emphasis upon the geometrical organization of percussive sounds."
1327:". A lawsuit against Osbourne was filed by the parents of John McCollum, a depressed teenager who committed suicide allegedly after listening to Osbourne's song. Osbourne was not found to be responsible for the teen's death. In 1990, Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier, allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement "do it" in the band's cover of the song "
5318:
Loose the Swans. American noise band Today is the Day used synthesizers on their 1996 self titled album to powerfully add to their din. Voivod even put synthesizers to use for the first time on 1991's Angel Rat and 1993's The Outer Limits, played by both guitarist Piggy and drummer Away. The 1990s were a gold era for the use of synthesizers in heavy metal, and only paved the way for the further explorations of the new millennia.
1131:
1588:(1964), develops the theme, using "heavy metal" as a metaphor for addictive drugs: "With their diseases and orgasm drugs and their sexless parasite life formsâHeavy Metal People of Uranus wrapped in cool blue mist of vaporized bank notesâAnd The Insect People of Minraud with metal music." Inspired by Burroughs' novels, the term was used in the title of the 1967 album
1528:
base who follow its codes of dress, appearance, and behavior". Identification with the subculture is strengthened not only by the group experience of concert-going and shared elements of fashion, but also by contributing to metal magazines and, more recently, websites. Attending live concerts in particular has been called the "holiest of heavy metal communions".
1153:'" has been a major influence on heavy metal since the genre's earliest days, and that metal's "most influential musicians have been guitar players who have also studied classical music. Their appropriation and adaptation of classical models sparked the development of a new kind of guitar virtuosity changes in the harmonic and melodic language of heavy metal."
823:, which consists of striking a cymbal and then immediately silencing it by grabbing it with the other hand (or, in some cases, the same striking hand), producing a burst of sound. The metal drum setup is generally much larger than those employed in other forms of rock music. Black metal, death metal and some "mainstream metal" bands "all depend upon
6859:. 22 January 1970. "Led Zeppelin, popularly looked on as an English version of Blue Cheer, given to Vanilla Fudgeish heavy-handedness in all that it does, has come out with a good album, 'Led Zeppelin II' (Atlantic SD 8236). Sure, it's 'heavy.' Sure, it's volume-rock at a time when the trend seems to be toward acoustical niceties of country music".
2854:... were a rock 'n' roll band that just happened to be heavy enough for metal." The issue is not only one of shifting definitions, but also a persistent distinction between musical style and audience identification; Ian Christe describes how the band "became the stepping-stone that led huge numbers of hard rock fans into heavy metal perdition".
1279:, "Heavy metal's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal. With grunts, moans and subliterary lyrics, it celebrates ... a party without limits ... he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic." Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal, and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of
754:. For classic heavy metal guitar tone, guitarists maintain gain at moderate levels, without excessive preamp or pedal distortion, to retain open spaces and air in the music; the guitar amplifier is turned up loud to produce the "punch and grind" characteristic. Thrash metal guitar tone has scooped mid-frequencies and
1836:". "Acid rock" generally describes heavy, hard or raw psychedelic rock. Musicologist Steve Waksman stated that "the distinction between acid rock, hard rock, and heavy metal can at some point never be more than tenuous", while percussionist John Beck defined "acid rock" as synonymous with hard rock and heavy metal.
928:
4272:
noted that there were more than 500 specialty metal radio shows in the U.S., nearly three times as many as 10 years before. While nu metal was widely popular, traditional metal fans did not fully embrace the style. By early 2003, the movement's popularity was on the wane, though several nu metal acts
1547:
observed, "Most of the kids who come to my shows seem like really imaginative kids with a lot of creative energy they don't know what to do with" and that metal is "outsider music for outsiders. Nobody wants to be the weird kid; you just somehow end up being the weird kid. It's kind of like that, but
1338:
In some predominantly Muslim countries, heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values, and in countries such as
Morocco, Egypt, Lebanon and Malaysia, there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated. In 1997, the Egyptian police
708:
wrote, "In the taxonomy of popular music, heavy metal is a major subspecies of hard-rockâthe breed with less syncopation, less blues, more showmanship and more brute force." The typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist and a singer, who may or may not be
5058:
In response to such claims, debates in the metal press have centered on defining and contextualizing sexism. Hill claims that "understanding what counts as sexism is complex and requires critical work by fans when sexism is normalised." Citing her own research, including interviews of
British female
4220:
went down a similar route, while also employing shock effects of the sort popularized by Alice Cooper. Alternative metal artists, though they did not represent a cohesive scene, were united by their willingness to experiment with the metal genre and their rejection of glam metal aesthetics (with the
3775:
During the late 1980s, the power metal scene came together largely in reaction to the harshness of death and black metal. Though a relatively underground style in North
America, it enjoys wide popularity in Europe, Japan and South America. Power metal focuses on upbeat, epic melodies and themes that
1758:
their first
American release, proved that Humble Pie could be boring in lots of different ways. Here they were a noisy, unmelodic, heavy metal-leaden shit-rock band with the loud and noisy parts beyond doubt. There were a couple of nice songs ... and one monumental pile of refuse." He described
774:
The lead role of the guitar in heavy metal often collides with the traditional "frontman" or bandleader role of the vocalist, creating a musical tension as the two "contend for dominance" in a spirit of "affectionate rivalry". Heavy metal "demands the subordination of the voice" to the overall sound
7111:
Black country bluesmen made raw, heavily amplified boogie records of their own, especially in
Memphis, where guitarists like Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson (with the early Howlin' Wolf band) and Pat Hare (with Little Junior Parker) played driving rhythms and scorching, distorted solos that might be
2055:
formed much of the original basis for heavy metal. The variant or subgenre of psychedelic rock often known as "acid rock" was particularly influential on heavy metal and its development; acid rock is often defined as a heavier, louder, or harder variant of psychedelic rock, or the more extreme side
1460:
Attendees of metal concerts do not dance in the usual sense. It has been argued that this is due to the music's largely male audience and "extreme heterosexualist ideology". Two primary body movements used are headbanging and an arm thrust that is both a sign of appreciation and a rhythmic gesture.
1343:
from performing in their country, on the grounds that the "band's lyrics could be interpreted as being religiously insensitive" and blasphemous. Some people consider heavy metal music to be a leading factor for mental health disorders, and that heavy metal fans are more likely to suffer poor mental
5317:
In almost every subgenre of heavy metal, synthesizers held sway. Look at Cynic, who on their progressive death metal opus Focus (1993) had keyboards appear on the album and during live performances, or
British gothic doom band My Dying Bride, who relied heavily on synths for their 1993 album, Turn
2056:
of the psychedelic rock genre, frequently containing a loud, improvised, and heavily distorted, guitar-centered sound. Acid rock has been described as psychedelic rock at its "rawest and most intense", emphasizing the heavier qualities associated with both the positive and negative extremes of the
1287:
petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics, particularly those in heavy metal songs. Andrew Cope stated that claims that heavy metal lyrics are misogynistic are "clearly misguided" as these critics have "overlook the
1238:
According to David Hatch and
Stephen Millward, Black Sabbath and the numerous heavy metal bands that they inspired have concentrated lyrically "on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented in any form of pop music." They take as an example Black Sabbath's second album,
1121:
as a harmonic basis. A pedal point is a sustained tone, typically in the bass range, during which at least one foreign (i.e., dissonant) harmony is sounded in the other parts. According to Robert Walser, heavy metal harmonic relationships are "often quite complex" and the harmonic analysis done by
1091:. Harmonically speaking, this means the genre typically incorporates modal chord progressions such as the Aeolian progressions I-âVI-âVII, I-âVII-(âVI), or I-âVI-IV-âVII and Phrygian progressions implying the relation between I and âII (I-âII-I, I-âII-III, or I-âII-VII for example). Tense-sounding
818:
The essence of heavy metal drumming is creating a loud, constant beat for the band using the "trifecta of speed, power, and precision". Heavy metal drumming "requires an exceptional amount of endurance", and drummers have to develop "considerable speed, coordination, and dexterity ... to play
782:
The prominent role of the bass âis also key to the metal sound, and the interplay of bass and guitar is a central element. The bass provides the low-end sound crucial to making the music "heavy". The bass plays a "more important role in heavy metal than in any other genre of rock". Metal basslines
4406:
Heavy metal remained popular in the 2000s, particularly in continental Europe. By the new millennium, Scandinavia had emerged as one of the areas producing innovative and successful bands, while
Belgium, the Netherlands and especially Germany were the most significant markets. Metal music is more
1531:
The metal scene has been characterized as a "subculture of alienation" with its own code of authenticity. This code puts several demands on performers: they must appear both completely devoted to their music and loyal to the subculture that supports it; they must appear uninterested in mainstream
1527:
It has been argued that heavy metal has outlasted many other rock genres largely due to the emergence of an intense, exclusionary and strongly masculine subculture. While the metal fan base is largely young, white, male and blue-collar, the group is "tolerant of those outside its core demographic
1392:
Fashion and personal style was especially important for glam metal bands of the era. Performers typically wore long, dyed, hairspray-teased hair (hence the nickname "hair metal"); makeup such as lipstick and eyeliner; gaudy clothing, including leopard-skin-printed shirts or vests and tight denim,
1377:
Down-the-back long hair is the "most crucial distinguishing feature of metal fashion". Originally adopted from the hippie subculture, by the 1980s and 1990s, heavy metal hair "symbolised the hate, angst and disenchantment of a generation that seemingly never felt at home", according to journalist
758:
sound with multiple bass frequencies. Guitar solos are "an essential element of the heavy metal code ... that underscores the significance of the guitar" to the genre. Most heavy metal songs "feature at least one guitar solo", which is "a primary means through which the heavy metal performer
5068:
editor
Eleanor Goodman published an article titled "Does Metal Have a Sexism Problem?" interviewing veteran industry people and artists about the plight of women in metal. Some talked about a history of difficulty receiving professional respect from male counterparts. Among those interviewed was
3511:
Thrash metal soon began to evolve and split into more extreme metal genres. "Slayer's music was directly responsible for the rise of death metal," according to MTV News. The NWOBHM band Venom was also an important progenitor. The death metal movement in both North America and Europe adopted and
2895:
Though Judas Priest did not have a top 40 album in the United States until 1980, for many it was the definitive post-Sabbath heavy metal band; its twin-guitar attack, featuring rapid tempos and a non-bluesy, more cleanly metallic sound, was a major influence on later acts. While heavy metal was
3709:
brought blast beats to the fore. Some bands in the Scandinavian black metal scene became associated with considerable violence in the early 1990s, with Mayhem and Burzum linked to church burnings. Growing commercial hype around death metal generated a backlash; beginning in Norway, much of the
2896:
growing in popularity, most critics were not enamored of the music. Objections were raised to metal's adoption of visual spectacle and other trappings of commercial artifice, but the main offense was its perceived musical and lyrical vacuity: reviewing a Black Sabbath album in the early 1970s,
2239:, the third band in what is sometimes considered the "unholy trinity" of heavy metal along with Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, fluctuated between many rock styles until late 1969 when they took a heavy metal direction. A few commentators â mainly American â argue for other groups, including
2039:
were experimenting with feedback. Where the blues rock drumming style started out largely as simple shuffle beats on small kits, drummers began using a more muscular, complex and amplified approach to match and be heard against the increasingly loud guitar. Vocalists similarly modified their
966:
The rhythm in metal songs is emphatic, with deliberate stresses. Weinstein observes that the wide array of sonic effects available to metal drummers enables the "rhythmic pattern to take on a complexity within its elemental drive and insistency". In many heavy metal songs, the main groove is
2146:
also came out in 1967, has been called "one of the few American links between psychedelia and what soon became heavy metal," and the band has been cited as an early American heavy metal group. On their self-titled debut album, Vanilla Fudge created "loud, heavy, slowed-down arrangements" of
2072:
guitar riffs, amplified feedback, and guitar distortion, while the 13th Floor Elevators' sound in particular featured yelping vocals and "occasionally demented" lyrics. Frank Hoffman noted that " was sometimes referred to as 'acid rock'. The latter label was applied to a pounding,
2929:
emerged in the mid-1970s as a reaction against contemporary social conditions as well as what was perceived as the overindulgent, overproduced rock music of the time, including heavy metal. Sales of heavy metal records declined sharply in the late 1970s in the face of punk,
2610:
brought the new metal sound into a power trio context, creating some of the heaviest music of the time. The occult lyrics and imagery employed by Black Sabbath and Uriah Heep would prove particularly influential; Led Zeppelin also began foregrounding such elements with its
902:. However, by the 2010s, women were making more of an impact, and PopMatters' Craig Hayes argues that metal "clearly empowers women". In the power metal and symphonic metal subgenres, there has been a sizable number of bands that have had women as the lead singers, such as
2655:, who was described as "the most commercially successful American heavy-metal band from 1970 until they disbanded in 1976, established the Seventies success formula: continuous touring." Other influential bands identified with metal emerged in the U.S. such as
954:
1218:
Nicolas Cook and Nicola Dibben note: "Analyses of popular music also sometimes reveal the influence of 'art traditions.' An example is Walser's linkage of heavy metal music with the ideologies and even some of the performance practices of nineteenth-century
3420:, also had a significant impact. Although thrash metal began as an underground movement, and remained largely that for almost a decade, the leading bands of the scene began to reach a wider audience. Metallica brought the sound into the top 40 of the
1006:. The tempos in early heavy metal music tended to be "slow, even ponderous". By the late 1970s, however, metal bands were employing a wide variety of tempos, and as recently as the 2000s, metal tempos range from slow ballad tempos (quarter note = 60
4128:
chart in 1994 â but, "In the dull eyes of the mainstream, metal was dead." Some bands tried to adapt to the new musical landscape. Metallica revamped its image: the band members cut their hair and, in 1996, headlined the alternative music festival
3184:, a show devoted exclusively to heavy metal videos. However, the metal audience had begun to factionalize, with those in many underground metal scenes favoring more extreme sounds and disparaging the popular style as "light metal" or "hair metal".
4221:
stagecraft of Marilyn Manson and White Zombie â also identified with alt metal â significant, if partial, exceptions). Alternative metal's mix of styles and sounds represented "the colorful results of metal opening up to face the outside world".
697:
Heavy metal is traditionally characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound and vigorous vocals. Heavy metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter or omit one or more of these attributes. In a 1988 article,
5873:
note, namely as the 4th degree of the hexachordal on F. From then until the end of Renaissance the tritone, nicknamed the 'diabolus in musica', was regarded as an unstable interval and rejected as a consonance" (Sadie, Stanley . "Tritone", in
1042:
are created, which add to the "weight of the sound" and create an effect of "overwhelming power". Although the perfect fifth interval is the most common basis for the power chord, power chords are also based on different intervals such as the
2835:
There are arguments about whether these and other early bands truly qualify as "heavy metal" or simply as "hard rock". Those closer to the music's blues roots or placing greater emphasis on melody are now commonly ascribed the latter label.
3784:
albums, combined the power riffs, melodic approach and a high-pitched, "clean" singing style of bands like Judas Priest and Iron Maiden with thrash's speed and energy, "crystalliz the sonic ingredients of what is now known as power metal".
9941:
Shai Hulud, a name that is synonymous (in heavy music circles at least) with intelligent, provocative and most importantly unique metallic hardcore. The band's earliest release is widely credited with influencing an entire generation of
1839:
Apart from "acid rock", the terms "heavy metal" and "hard rock" have often been used interchangeably, particularly in discussing bands of the 1970s, a period when the terms were largely synonymous. For example, the 1983 edition of the
1122:
metal players and teachers is "often very sophisticated". In the study of heavy metal chord structures, it has been concluded that "heavy metal music has proved to be far more complicated" than other music researchers had realized.
1481:". Weinstein states that moshing participants bump and jostle each other as they move in a circle in an area called the "pit" near the stage. Stage divers climb onto the stage with the band and then jump "back into the audience".
1369:
For many artists and bands, visual imagery plays a large role in heavy metal. In addition to its sound and lyrics, a heavy metal band's image is expressed in album cover art, logos, stage sets, clothing, design of instruments and
1790:
is credited with popularizing the term via his early 1970s essays on bands such as Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath. Through the decade, "heavy metal" was used by certain critics as a virtually automatic putdown. In 1979, lead
953:
2012:. As they experimented with the music, the U.K. blues-based bands â and in turn the U.S. acts they influenced â developed what would become the hallmarks of heavy metal (in particular, the loud, distorted guitar sound).
1799:
described what he called "heavy-metal rock" as "brutally aggressive music played mostly for minds clouded by drugs" and, in a different article, as "a crude exaggeration of rock basics that appeals to white teenagers".
3356:
being the leading scene. The sound developed by thrash groups was faster and more aggressive than that of the original metal bands and their glam metal successors. Low-register guitar riffs are typically overlaid with
3297:
suggested retiring the term "heavy metal" as the genre was "ridiculously vague". The article stated that the term only fueled "misperceptions of rock & roll bigots who still assume that five bands as different as
749:
The electric guitar and the sonic power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a combined use of high volumes and heavy
882:
put it, "All we knew was we wanted more power." A 1977 review of a Motörhead concert noted how "excessive volume in particular figured into the band's impact". Weinstein makes the case that in the same way that
554:â were founded. Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics. Several American bands modified heavy metal into more accessible forms during the 1970s: the raw, sleazy sound and
1680:(1966), albeit as a description of the sound rather than as a genre: "On this album the Stones go metal. Technology is in the saddleâas an ideal and as a method." Another appears in the 11 May 1968 issue of
3666:
were heading a second wave. Black metal varies considerably in style and production quality, although most bands emphasize shrieked and growled vocals, highly distorted guitars frequently played with rapid
1261:.'" Deriving from the genre's roots in blues music, sex is another important topic â a thread running from Led Zeppelin's suggestive lyrics to the more explicit references of glam metal and nu metal bands.
3587:
Death metal, like thrash metal, generally rejects the theatrics of earlier metal styles, opting instead for an everyday look of ripped jeans and plain leather jackets. One major exception to this rule was
3130:
declared: "Metal has broadened its audience base. Metal music is no longer the exclusive domain of male teenagers. The metal audience has become older (college-aged), younger (pre-teen), and more female."
3901:, the doom metal movement rejected other metal styles' emphasis on speed, slowing its music to a crawl. Doom metal traces its roots to the lyrical themes and musical approach of early Black Sabbath. The
1202:
has stated that "if done correctly, metal and classical fit quite well together. Classical and metal are probably the two genres that have the most in common when it comes to feel, texture, creativity."
1621:": "heavy" is roughly synonymous with "potent" or "profound", and "metal" designates a certain type of mood, grinding and weighted as with metal. The word "heavy" in this sense was a basic element of
9501:
3678:, promoting a return to supposed pre-Christian values. Numerous black metal bands also "experiment with sounds from all possible forms of metal, folk, classical music, electronica and avant-garde".
3905:
have also been a significant influence on doom metal and a number of its subgenres. Doom metal emphasizes melody, melancholy tempos and a sepulchral mood relative to many other varieties of metal.
2531:
lost the ends of two fingers. Unable to play normally, Iommi had to tune his guitar down for easier fretting and rely on power chords with their relatively simple fingering. The bleak, industrial,
2993:
By 1980, the NWOBHM had broken into the mainstream, as albums by Iron Maiden and Saxon, as well as Motörhead, reached the British top 10. Though less commercially successful, NWOBHM bands such as
1292:
called metal "an expressive mode it sometimes seems will be with us for as long as ordinary white boys fear girls, pity themselves, and are permitted to rage against a world they'll never beat".
4953:. Although their later albums have not had a similar impact, Evanescence are still one of the most commercially successful metal groups of the 21st century, having sold over 20 million records.
1704:âeither talking or playingâin the last few years could have expected this. This is the new soul music, the synthesis of white blues and heavy metal rock." In the 7 September 1968 edition of the
895:, powerful sound, timbre and volume are the key elements of metal. She argues that the loudness is designed to "sweep the listener into the sound" and to provide a "shot of youthful vitality".
1560:
The origin of the term "heavy metal" in a musical context is uncertain. The phrase has been used for centuries in chemistry and metallurgy, where the periodic table organizes elements of both
951:
2040:
technique and increased their reliance on amplification, often becoming more stylized and dramatic. In terms of sheer volume, especially in live performance, The Who's "bigger-louder-wall-of-
1344:
health, but a study from 2009 suggests that this is not true and that fans of heavy metal music suffer from poor mental health at a similar or lower rate compared to the general population.
14673:
2204:, which would later become an important gesture in heavy metal culture. Coven's lyrical and thematic influences on heavy metal were quickly overshadowed by the darker and heavier sounds of
2850:
encyclopedia entry begins, "Australian heavy-metal band AC/DC ..." Rock historian Clinton Walker wrote, "Calling AC/DC a heavy metal band in the seventies was as inaccurate as it is today.
3114:
Between 1983 and 1984, heavy metal's share of all recordings sold in the U.S. increased from 8% to 20%. Several major professional magazines devoted to the genre were launched, including
2976:
re-energized the heavy metal genre. Following the lead set by Judas Priest and Motörhead, they toughened up the sound, reduced its blues elements and emphasized increasingly fast tempos.
2460:
is especially credited with paving the way for heavy metal and was one of the first heavy guitar songs to receive regular play on radio. In September 1969, the Beatles released the album
8279:
6780:
4160:
Like Jane's Addiction, many of the most popular early 1990s groups with roots in heavy metal fall under the umbrella term "alternative metal". Bands in Seattle's grunge scene such as
3073:
and Kiss. Glam metal bands were often visually distinguished by long, overworked hairstyles accompanied by wardrobes which were sometimes considered cross-gender. The lyrics of these
10485:
8324:
5073:. She said that after marrying Dio, her professional reputation became reduced to her marital role as his wife, and her competency was questioned. Gloria Cavalera, former manager of
4084:
Glam metal fell out of favor due not only to the success of grunge, but also because of the growing popularity of the more aggressive sound typified by Metallica and the post-thrash
4077:. Grunge acts were influenced by the heavy metal sound, but rejected the excesses of the more popular metal bands, such as their "flashy and virtuosic solos" and "appearance-driven"
3081:
and wild behavior, including lyrics that involved sexual expletives and the use of narcotics. In the wake of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal and Judas Priest's breakthrough with
8745:
7807:
7803:
2875:... left to scavenge for sounds with similar impact. By the mid-1970s, heavy metal aesthetic could be spotted, like a mythical beast, in the moody bass and complex dual guitars of
4264:-style vocals. The mix demonstrated that "pancultural metal could pay off". Nu metal gained mainstream success through heavy MTV rotation and Ozzy Osbourne's 1996 introduction of
1389:
to horror films â influenced metal fashion. Many metal performers of the 1970s and 1980s used radically shaped and brightly colored instruments to enhance their stage appearance.
3111:
in California, where the "heavy metal day" featuring Ozzy Osbourne, Van Halen, Scorpions, Mötley CrĂŒe, Judas Priest and others drew the largest audiences of the three-day event.
1339:
jailed many young metal fans, and they were accused of "devil worship" and blasphemy after police found metal recordings during searches of their homes. In 2013, Malaysia banned
952:
2360:, who began as part of the Detroit garage rock scene, developed a raw, distorted style that has been seen as a major influence on the future sound of both heavy metal and later
8828:
6873:
1206:
Although a number of metal musicians cite classical composers as inspiration, classical and metal are rooted in different cultural traditions and practices â classical in the
9343:
9339:
2298:, which featured some of the "most molten, barbed, downright funny noises of all time", breaking ground for generations of metal ax-slingers. In September, Page's new band,
2948:, founded in 1975, was the first important band to straddle the punk/metal divide. With the explosion of punk in 1977, others followed. British music magazines such as the
3001:
would have a significant influence on metal's development. In 1981, Motörhead became the first of this new breed of metal bands to top the U.K. charts with the live album
2491:'s dramatic, wailing vocals. Other bands, with a more consistently heavy, "purely" metal sound, would prove equally important in codifying the genre. The 1970 releases by
10892:
1162:, Walser stated that the "1980s brought on ... the widespread adaptation of chord progressions and virtuosic practices from 18th-century European models, especially
2934:
and more mainstream rock. With the major labels fixated on punk, many newer British heavy metal bands were inspired by the movement's aggressive, high-energy sound and "
1548:
with metal you have all the weird kids in one place." Scholars of metal have noted the tendency of fans to classify and reject some performers (and some other fans) as "
1385:
wrote, "T-shirts are generally emblazoned with the logos or other visual representations of favorite metal bands." In the 1980s, a range of sources â from punk rock and
1331:". While the case attracted a great deal of media attention, it was ultimately dismissed. In 1991, U.K. police seized death metal records from the British record label
2891:... Judas Priest arrived to unify and amplify these diverse highlights from hard rock's sonic palette. For the first time, heavy metal became a true genre unto itself.
3010:
The first generation of metal bands was ceding the limelight. Deep Purple broke up soon after Blackmore's departure in 1975, and Led Zeppelin split following drummer
14666:
11918:
10213:
6638:
1635:, and references to "heavy music" â typically slower, more amplified variations of standard pop fare â were already common by the mid-1960s, such as in reference to
6844:
10191:
9608:
8608:
8544:
3532:
are recognized as seminal bands in the style. All three have been credited with inspiring the subgenre's name. Possessed in particular did so via their 1984 demo,
5101:
Pearlman goes on to say, "A mechanically hysterical audience is matched to a mechanically hysterical sound. Side two of the album is a metal side. Most mechanical
5059:
fans, she found that metal offers them an opportunity to feel liberated and genderless, albeit if assimilated into a culture that is largely neglectful of women.
4224:
In the mid- and late 1990s came a new wave of U.S. metal groups inspired by the alternative metal bands and their mix of genres. Dubbed "nu metal", bands such as
3686:
explained: "It had something to do with production, lyrics, the way they dressed and a commitment to making ugly, raw, grim stuff. There wasn't a generic sound."
775:
of the band. Reflecting metal's roots in the 1960s counterculture, an "explicit display of emotion" is required from the vocals as a sign of authenticity. Critic
10235:
1381:
The classic uniform of heavy metal fans consists of light-colored, ripped, frayed or torn blue jeans, black T-shirts, boots, and black leather or denim jackets.
8619:
6907:
11206:
10940:
10822:
5843:
4697:
Metal has been recognized as a global music genre, being listened to and performed around the world. Laina Dawes explored the multidimensional components of
2235:, with American commentators tending to favour Led Zeppelin and British commentators tending to favour Black Sabbath, though many give equal credit to both.
990:
are joined into rhythmic phrases with a distinctive, often jerky texture. These phrases are used to create rhythmic accompaniment and melodic figures called
11077:
7478:
4803:, made her debut, achieving great success in Japan from the 1980s until well into the 21st century. Debuting as the female lead singer of the American band
14659:
11180:
6433:
5269:
3211:
declared, "As much as any band in existence, Jane's Addiction is the true heir to Led Zeppelin." The group was one of the first to be identified with the "
11316:
10082:
Pazhoohi, F.; Luna, K. (2018). "Ecology of Musical Preference: the Relationship Between Pathogen Prevalence and the Number and Intensity of Metal Bands".
5372:
6370:
1934:
4321:, emerged as a commercial force in the mid-2000s, having mostly been an underground phenomenon throughout the 1980s and 1990s; pioneering bands include
3721:
provoked intensive media coverage. Around 1996, when many in the scene felt the genre was stagnating, several key bands, including Burzum and Finland's
9795:
9083:
4751:
Women's involvement in heavy metal began in the 1960s since its very conception, given the role played by Esther "Jinx" Dawson, vocalist and leader of
3468:
In the early 1990s, bands that got their start in thrash metal achieved breakout success, challenging and redefining the metal mainstream. Metallica's
3191:. In contrast to their glam metal contemporaries in L.A., they were seen as much more raw and dangerous. With the release of their chart-topping album
1223:. However, it would be clearly wrong to claim that traditions such as blues, rock, heavy metal, rap or dance music derive primarily from "art music.'"
11529:
11397:
10679:
10283:"This is deathcore. This is what happens when death metal and hardcore, along with healthy doses of other heavy music styles, are so smoothly blended
6402:
4168:
were at the center of the alternative metal movement. The label was applied to a wide spectrum of other acts that fused metal with different styles:
9924:
5449:
The death of the guitar solo In its efforts to tune down and simplify riffs, nu-metal effectively drove a stake through the heart of the guitar solo
9885:
no. 171, June 2008, p. 78, "here the term (metalcore) is used in its original context, referencing the likes of Strife, Earth Crisis, and Integrity
8594:"Van Halen â Van Halen." Encyclopedia of Popular Music, 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 4 October 2015
11478:
8785:
4141:. While this prompted a backlash among some longtime fans, Metallica remained one of the most successful bands in the world into the new century.
3482:(1992) debuted at No. 2, Anthrax and Slayer cracked the top 10, and albums by regional bands such as Testament and Sepultura entered the top 100.
1022:
One of the signatures of the genre is the guitar power chord. In technical terms, the power chord is relatively simple: it involves just one main
12284:
4518:
By the early 2010s, metalcore was evolving to more frequently incorporate synthesizers and elements from genres beyond rock and metal. The album
3828:, sometimes employing orchestras and opera singers. Power metal has built a strong fanbase in Japan and South America, where bands like Brazil's
10169:
9559:
8289:
6074:
3713:
By 1992, black metal scenes had begun to emerge in areas outside Scandinavia, including Germany, France and Poland. The 1993 murder of Mayhem's
3461:
themes have dogged the band. Even though Slayer did not receive substantial media exposure, their music played a key role in the development of
2088:
One of the most influential bands in forging the merger of psychedelic rock and acid rock with the blues rock genre was the British power trio
9360:
10532:
10323:
5069:
Wendy Dio, who had worked in label, booking and legal capacities in the music industry before her marriage to and management of metal artist
3776:"appeal to the listener's sense of valor and loveliness". The prototype for the sound was established in the mid- to late 1980s by Germany's
1875:
is metal, or Kiss is metal. It just doesn't deal with the ground opening up and little dwarves coming out riding dragons! You know, like bad
11231:
10582:
8321:
6790:
4511:, which plays a progressive/sludge style of metal, has inspired claims of a metal revival in the United States, dubbed by some critics the "
3453:
and including explicit depictions of death, suffering, violence and occult into thrash metal's lyricism. Slayer attracted a following among
8757:
5630:
5460:
5081:, said that since 1996, she had received misogynistic hate mail and death threats from fans and that "women take a lot of crap. This whole
3045:
Inspired by Van Halen's success, a metal scene began to develop in Southern California during the late 1970s. Based on the clubs of L.A.'s
771:" the strings with the picking hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more precise sound and it emphasizes the low end.
10968:
10445:
9641:
1910:
Heavy metal's quintessential guitar style, which is built around distortion-heavy riffs and power chords, traces its roots to early 1950s
1099:
relationships are used in a number of metal chord progressions. In addition to using modal harmonic relationships, heavy metal also uses "
12642:
10468:
10399:
10144:
6333:
5530:
2349:
have been described as laying the foundation of heavy metal and greatly influential in the transformation of acid rock into heavy metal.
1540:
stated that for the fans themselves, the code promotes "opposition to established authority, and separateness from the rest of society".
11401:
6107:
1657:", also released that year: "I like smoke and lightning / Heavy metal thunder / Racin' with the wind / And the feelin' that I'm under".
10612:
7288:
2788:â though lesser known outside of their respective scenes, proved to be greatly influential on the emerging metal movement. In Germany,
2619:", whose iconic riff is usually considered as the most recognizable one in "heavy rock" history, as a single of the classic live album
2551:, has itself been credited with influencing Black Sabbath's heavy, chugging, metallic sound â and the sound of heavy metal in general.
2184:
1253:' (which described the unsavoury side effects of drug-taking)âas well as those confronting wider issues, such as the self-explanatory '
8838:
7822:, p. 477, "Opening with the cataclysmic heavy-metal of '21st Century Schizoid Man', and closing with the cathedral-sized title track,"
5436:
3034:, is considered a milestone. Eddie Van Halen's sound even crossed over into pop music when his guitar solo was featured on the track "
6881:
4925:
and featuring a musical style usually described as gothic alternative metal and hard rock with classical elements. Their first album
4115:
3710:
Scandinavian metal underground shifted to support a black metal scene that resisted being co-opted by the commercial metal industry.
3197:
in 1987, they "recharged and almost single-handedly sustained the Sunset Strip sleaze system for several years". The following year,
2429:
2060:
rather than only the idyllic side of psychedelia. In contrast to more idyllic or whimsical pop psychedelic rock, American acid rock
8254:
7686:
5380:
5105:... the to-date definitive metal song: 'Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?,' as hysterical and tense as can be
3087:(1980), heavy metal became increasingly popular in the early 1980s. Many metal artists benefited from the exposure they received on
2562:
had led the band toward the developing heavy metal style. In 1970, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple scored major U.K. chart hits with "
14166:
7940:
3236:
3150:
became major draws, while Mötley CrĂŒe and Ratt remained very popular. Bridging the stylistic gap between hard rock and glam metal,
2450:, exposing the crowd of 300,000 people to the emerging sound of heavy metal. Mountain's proto-metal or early heavy metal hit song "
4399:. Mathcore's main defining quality is the use of odd time signatures, and has been described to possess rhythmic comparability to
11046:
7836:
7019:
4895:
2661:
2162:, who opened for early heavy metal influencers such as Vanilla Fudge and the Yardbirds, portrayed themselves as practitioners of
2068:
epitomized the frenetic, heavier, darker, and more psychotic psychedelic rock sound known as acid rock, a sound characterized by
1772:
2085:... When rock began turning back to softer, roots-oriented sounds in late 1968, acid-rock bands mutated into heavy metal acts."
11370:
6665:
1811:, "downer rock" was one of the earliest terms used to describe this style of music and was applied to acts such as Sabbath and
8127:
7380:
12501:
12404:
12353:
12323:
12241:
12134:
12089:
12060:
12045:
12030:
11971:
11606:
10491:
9444:
9204:
7753:
7097:
7029:
6132:
Elovaara, Mika (2014). "Chapter 3: Am I Evil? The Meaning of Metal Lyrics to its Fans". In Abbey, James; Helb, Colin (eds.).
6022:
5194:
10560:
10420:
9965:
leanings, the influential Shai Hulud have maintained a strong band identity since their original formation in the mid-'90s".
4791:, dubbed "the Metal Queen", reached success across Europe (making other woman-fronted metal bands to spawn, such as Spain's
3369:
using visceral, gory language. Thrash has been described as a form of "urban blight music" and "a palefaced cousin of rap".
1859:. "When I think of heavy metal, I've always thought of elves and evil dwarves and evil princes and princesses. A lot of the
14525:
13982:
13300:
10746:
5234:"As much as Sabbath started it, Priest were the ones who took it out of the blues and straight into metal." Bowe, Brian J.
944:
862:, psychologist Jeffrey Arnett refers to heavy metal concerts as "the sensory equivalent of war". Following the lead set by
10221:
7504:
4636:
saw a popular and critical revival of the former genre in the late 2010s and 2020s, particular on their respective albums
3608:, were leaders of the major death metal scene that emerged in Florida in the mid-1980s. In the U.K., the related style of
3443:
Though less commercially successful than the rest of the Big Four, Slayer released one of the genre's definitive records:
400:
12021:
Guibert, GĂ©rĂŽme, and Fabien Hein (ed.) (2007). "Les ScĂšnes Metal. Sciences sociales et pratiques culturelles radicales".
11426:
7254:
6841:
4357:
3564:, the "death rasp" and other uncommon techniques. Complementing the deep, aggressive vocal style are down-tuned, heavily
3065:
were influenced by traditional heavy metal of the 1970s. These acts incorporated the theatrics (and sometimes makeup) of
3015:
1378:
Nader Rahman. Long hair gave members of the metal community "the power they needed to rebel against nothing in general".
14178:
10199:
10031:
versions of the genre incorporating frequent time signature changes and complex sounds that at times recall free jazz."
14171:
11638:
6675:
5085:
thing, do they think it just started? That has gone on since the pictures of the cavemen pulling girls by their hair."
4065:
The era of heavy metal's mainstream dominance in North America came to an end in the early 1990s with the emergence of
3542:. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Swedish death metal became notable and melodic forms of death metal were created.
3014:'s death in 1980. Black Sabbath were plagued with infighting and substance abuse, while facing fierce competition from
2594:
2576:
2200:
worship, and both the album artwork and the band's live performances marked the first appearances in rock music of the
1149:
Robert Walser stated that, alongside blues and R&B, the "assemblage of disparate musical styles known ... as '
898:
Heavy metal performers tended to be almost exclusively male until at least the mid-1980s, with some exceptions such as
10243:
5003:
stated that Hoffmann still had some influence in songwriting on their later albums. Osbourne, the wife and manager of
3091:, which began airing in 1981; sales often soared if a band's videos screened on the channel. Def Leppard's videos for
2942:
ethos. Underground metal bands began putting out cheaply recorded releases independently to small, devoted audiences.
15048:
13171:
12518:
12482:
12467:
12455:
12422:
12383:
12368:
12338:
12308:
12293:
12267:
12226:
12211:
12197:
12179:
12164:
12149:
12119:
12104:
12074:
12015:
12000:
11985:
11957:
11942:
11927:
11901:
11883:
11868:
11853:
11838:
11823:
11808:
11793:
11778:
11763:
11748:
11717:
10867:
10069:
10048:
9911:
9866:
9842:
9618:
9526:
8616:
7923:
7913:
7846:
7790:
7630:
7514:
7461:
7440:
7390:
7298:
7264:
7142:
6997:
6917:
6648:
6184:
5899:
5883:
5356:
5245:
2621:
2147:
contemporary hit songs, blowing these songs up to "epic proportions" and "bathing them in a trippy, distorted haze".
1258:
366:
10117:
3697:, by 1990, Mayhem was regularly wearing it; many other black metal acts also adopted the look. Bathory inspired the
795:
along with the lead or rhythm guitars. Some bands feature the bass as a lead instrument, an approach popularized by
15063:
15058:
14230:
14188:
13161:
6620:
5047:(PTA) co-opted feminist views on anti-woman violence to form attacks on metal's rhetoric and imagery. According to
4512:
2389:
2339:
and heavy metal or the turning point in which acid rock became "heavy metal", and both Iron Butterfly's 1968 album
1676:
767:
bands, which tend to omit guitar solos. With rhythm guitar parts, the "heavy crunch sound in heavy metal ...
386:
17:
14161:
14443:
13214:
13166:
12635:
12565:
11103:
8054:
7126:
6240:
Weber, Katherine. "Malaysia Bans 'Lamb of God', Grammy-Nominated Heavy Metal Band, Says Lyrics are Blasphemous".
5649:
Brake, Mike (1990). "Heavy Metal Culture, Masculinity and Iconography". In Frith, Simon; Goodwin, Andrew (eds.).
4772:
2920:
2842:
2487:
Led Zeppelin defined central aspects of the emerging genre, with Page's highly distorted guitar style and singer
2281:
1063:. Most power chords are also played with a consistent finger arrangement that can be slid easily up and down the
591:
511:
that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and United States. With roots in
381:
11289:
11261:
7486:
3258:. Several attempts have been made to map the complex world of underground metal, most notably by the editors of
1782:, Saunders wrote, "Sir Lord Baltimore seems to have down pat most all the best heavy metal tricks in the book."
15078:
15053:
15043:
12694:
12437:
7329:
6553:"Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation", Jeffrey Arnett. In
3432:
2480:
2467:
1593:
361:
14098:
8480:
6363:
5158:
4118:. A few new, unambiguously metal bands had commercial success during the first half of the decade â Pantera's
3545:
Death metal utilizes the speed and aggression of both thrash and hardcore, fused with lyrics preoccupied with
2258:
In 1968, the sound that would become known as heavy metal began to coalesce. That January, San Francisco band
2041:
14699:
14021:
13224:
12584:
12185:
11739:
10354:
9270:
8343:
5040:
3097:(1983) made them superstars in America, and Quiet Riot became the first domestic heavy metal band to top the
2563:
1328:
1284:
1246:
461:
14226:
9799:
9080:
7965:
6198:
5236:
2442:, an album filled with heavy blues rock guitar and roaring vocals. In August, the group â now itself dubbed
2134:'s virtuosic technique would be emulated by many metal guitarists, and the album's most successful single, "
14505:
14183:
12410:
3003:
2964:
writer Geoff Barton christening the movement the "New Wave of British Heavy Metal". NWOBHM bands including
2438:
1645:
42:
6410:
2606:, a collection of heavy guitar riffs, gruff style vocals and sadistic and macabre lyrics. The influential
1425:
When performing live, many metal musicians â as well as the audience for whom they're playing â engage in
1393:
leather or spandex pants; and accessories such as headbands and jewelry. Pioneered by the heavy metal act
14473:
9928:
8022:
3231:
3170:
2998:
2632:
2353:
2227:
Critics disagree over who can be thought of as the first heavy metal band. Most credit the British bands
2126:
2121:
1709:
1606:
1075:
Heavy metal is usually based on riffs created with three main harmonic traits: modal scale progressions,
11666:
11555:
5300:
4678:
3638:
The first wave of black metal emerged in Europe in the early and mid-1980s, led by the United Kingdom's
3400:, played a central role in bringing the style to Europe. Others, including the San Francisco Bay Area's
2672:
1552:" "who pretended to be part of the subculture, but who were deemed to lack authenticity and sincerity".
673:
phenomena. Since the mid-1990s, popular styles have expanded the definition of the genre. These include
15038:
15033:
14578:
13267:
12628:
12550:
Not All Killed by John Wayne: The Long History of Indigenous Rock, Metal, and Punk 1940s to the Present
11341:
8782:
8153:
7560:
6537:
Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers. "Grunting Alone? Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music" in
6255:
5044:
4926:
4898:. In 2013, Halestorm won the Grammy in the combined category of Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance for "
4376:
3966:
3251:
3175:
2340:
1922:
1295:
Heavy metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in court. In 1985,
850:
live in 2009. The ties that bind the two bands started in the 1980s and were still strong in the 2010s.
722:
410:
5825:
3671:, a dark atmosphere and intentionally lo-fi production, often with ambient noise and background hiss.
3266:. Sharpe-Young's multivolume metal encyclopedia separates the underground into five major categories:
2990:, I could be involved in something that was paving the way for those who are going to come after me."
2798:
in 1972. Blackmore, who had emerged as a virtuoso soloist with Deep Purple's highly influential album
2570:", respectively. That same year, two other British bands released debut albums in a heavy metal mode:
2178:â imagery in their lyrics, album art and live performances, which consisted of elaborate, theatrical "
15012:
15007:
15002:
14997:
14992:
14987:
14982:
14977:
14972:
14967:
14962:
14957:
14952:
14947:
14942:
14937:
14932:
14927:
14922:
14917:
14912:
14907:
14902:
14897:
14892:
14876:
14871:
14866:
14861:
14856:
14851:
14846:
14841:
14836:
14831:
14826:
14821:
14816:
14811:
14806:
14801:
14796:
14791:
14786:
14781:
14776:
14771:
14766:
14761:
14756:
14751:
14746:
14741:
14736:
14731:
14726:
14721:
14716:
14500:
14393:
14258:
14148:
13660:
13209:
10177:
9556:
9100:
6084:
5348:
4703:
4388:
3800:
have a sound clearly indebted to the classic NWOBHM style. Many power metal bands such as the U.S.'s
2393:
1596:, which has been claimed to be its first use in the context of music. The phrase was later lifted by
803:
with his heavy emphasis on bass âsolos and use of chords while playing the âbass in the early 1980s.
755:
491:
456:
35:
13851:
12508:
9326:
2424:
album chart. In July, Led Zeppelin and a power trio with a Cream-inspired, but cruder sound, called
2327:, released in December, featured "proto heavy metal" songs such as "Old Man Going" and "I See You".
14478:
13293:
11021:
9903:
8833:
5020:
4999:
in 1981 and wrote songs under the pseudonym of "Deaffy" for many of band's studio albums. Vocalist
4520:
3821:
3781:
3220:
3193:
2857:
In certain cases, there is little debate. After Black Sabbath, the next major example is Britain's
341:
10661:
10331:
3215:" trend that would come to the fore in the next decade. Meanwhile, new bands like New York City's
709:
an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are sometimes used to enhance the fullness of the sound.
15083:
14418:
14388:
14193:
14143:
14093:
13111:
13101:
11239:
11129:
10797:
10596:
9410:
8862:
8104:
5891:
4984:
4552:
and at No. 1 in Australia. The album sold 27,522 copies in the U.S. and charted at No. 11 on the
3478:
3377:
3307:
3139:
3027:
2785:
2710:
2701:
2294:
2151:
1954:
1817:
1753:
1565:
1106:
The tritone, an interval spanning three whole tones â such as C to F# â was considered extremely
654:
306:
10437:
9689:
9459:
8362:
6562:
4368:
2832:. These bands also built audiences via constant touring and increasingly elaborate stage shows.
1499:
A heavy metal fan wearing a denim jacket with band patches and artwork of the heavy metal bands
15073:
14510:
14133:
14113:
13909:
13234:
13201:
13146:
13121:
13106:
5711:
3538:
3143:
2757:
2057:
1490:
1304:
751:
630:
603:
471:
346:
331:
311:
301:
14651:
12889:
10460:
10391:
9418:
6330:
6010:
5777:"Shaping Up and Riffing Out: Using Major and Minor Power Chords to Add Colour to Your Parts",
5527:
5184:
3851:. This style emerged in the United States in the early and mid-1980s, with innovators such as
2368:
also began to establish and influence a heavy metal and later punk sound, with songs such as "
1929:, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as
819:
the intricate patterns" used in heavy metal. A characteristic metal drumming technique is the
15068:
14532:
14153:
14118:
14078:
14073:
14068:
14058:
14048:
14043:
14016:
13992:
13977:
13972:
13967:
13406:
13186:
13116:
13096:
12877:
12741:
12711:
12699:
12614:
12529:
12391:
10915:
7745:
7739:
7354:
7241:
7189:
7134:
6159:
6108:"Twisted Sister's Dee Snider Blasts Irresponsible Parents On PMRC Hearings' 30th Anniversary"
5694:
Kelly, Kim (17 January 2013). "Queens of noise: heavy metal encourages heavy-hitting women".
5301:"Instigate Sonic Violence: A Not-so-Brief History of the Synthesizer's Impact on Heavy Metal"
5210:
5016:
4217:
3982:
3910:
3825:
3730:
3353:
3203:
3083:
2497:
2311:
2143:
1942:
1692:
1429:, which involves rhythmically beating time with the head, often emphasized by long hair. The
420:
371:
296:
13156:
9052:
9044:
8901:
8463:
8181:
Black Night', a UK #2 hit in November 1970, stole its riff from Ricky Nelson's 'Summertime'.
8128:"Midlands rocks! How Birmingham's industrial heritage made it the birthplace of heavy metal"
7407:
3348:
and the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, particularly songs in the revved-up style known as
1465:
is popular among metal fans both at concerts and listening to records at home. According to
326:
14362:
14331:
14128:
14123:
14108:
14103:
14088:
14063:
14053:
13883:
13871:
13846:
13655:
13126:
13004:
12748:
9715:
9645:
9314:
9019:
8993:
8958:
8905:
8645:
Freeborn, Robert (June 2010). "A SELECTIVE DISCOGRAPHY OF SCANDINAVIAN HEAVY METAL MUSIC".
8612:
8255:"SEE IT: From 'Kashmir' to 'Layla,' a look at the most iconic guitar riffs in rock history"
6613:
4899:
4558:
4539:
4347:
3923:
3617:
3454:
2912:
2800:
2721:
2420:
2415:
2065:
1808:
1666:
1626:
1582:
includes a character known as "Uranian Willy, the Heavy Metal Kid". Burroughs' next novel,
1573:
824:
590:
sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the
316:
10510:
10170:"Finland's Children of Bodom Debut at #22 on Billboard Chart with New Album, 'Blooddrunk'"
9376:
8909:
8604:
8081:
4387:, a more rhythmically complicated and progressive style brought to light by bands such as
3674:
Satanic themes are common in black metal, though many bands take inspiration from ancient
1828:
Earlier on, as "heavy metal" emerged partially from heavy psychedelic rock, also known as
8:
14627:
14558:
14520:
14515:
14423:
14138:
14083:
13333:
13286:
13219:
13181:
13136:
13131:
13091:
12736:
11207:"No Guts, No Glory: How Bolt Thrower's Jo Bench Inspired a Generation of Metal Musicians"
10638:
10359:
9954:
9481:
9397:
5696:
5563:
4911:
4625:
4594:
4590:
4543:
4338:
4134:
4093:
3565:
3244:
3198:
2805:
2761:
2652:
2513:
2425:
2369:
2307:
2292:, whose leader had preceded Page as The Yardbirds' guitarist, released its debut record,
1740:
1353:
1268:
1142:
1038:. When power chords are played on the lower strings at high volumes and with distortion,
446:
425:
405:
376:
321:
291:
14011:
12579:
11181:"Holy Moses revolutionised the 80s thrash scene. Why don't more people know about them?"
10698:
8193:
7237:
6852:
5861:
The first explicit prohibition of that interval seems to occur with the "development of
4556:
Chart, making it their highest-charting release in America until their follow-up album,
2667:
2384:", the latter of which being regarded as "one of the heaviest songs the band recorded."
1649:. The first use of "heavy metal" in a song lyric is in reference to a motorcycle in the
1604:
for their supposed "aluminium style of context and effect", particularly on their album
602:
followed in a similar vein. By the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as "
13987:
13328:
13058:
13031:
13026:
13019:
12884:
12659:
11723:
11612:
11530:"ACCEPT's MARK TORNILLO Says Fans Can Expect 'A Little More Diversity' On 'Blind Rage'"
10873:
10099:
9594:
8700:
7992:
7657:
7635:
6758:
6294:
5945:
5273:
4942:
4907:
4849:
4598:
4492:
4443:
4189:
3939:
3886:
3521:
3500:
3397:
2829:
2720:
magazine. Various smaller bands from the U.S., U.K. and Continental Europe â including
2705:
2656:
2616:
2447:
2332:
2277:
2244:
2221:
1997:
1844:
includes the following passage: "Known for its aggressive blues-based hard-rock style,
1767:
1760:
1713:
1671:
1650:
1469:, thrash metal concerts have two elements that are not part of the other metal genres:
1401:, which includes many non-metal groups, emphasize elaborate costumes, hair and makeup.
1340:
1250:
1232:
1158:
700:
524:
466:
248:
164:
31:
11054:
10995:
9975:
9957:. AllMusic. Retrieved 17 February 2012. "A positively themed metalcore band with some
9241:
6458:
6215:
4755:. The next relevant milestone took place in the 1970s when Genesis, the forerunner of
4534:, which sold 32,400 in its first week, reached No. 9 and No. 10, respectively, on the
4442:, death growling, "pig squeal"-sounding vocals and screaming. Deathcore bands include
3440:
hit No. 6, while Megadeth and Anthrax also had top 40 records on the American charts.
1275:
The thematic content of heavy metal has long been a target of criticism. According to
356:
14639:
14634:
14573:
13839:
13489:
13386:
13176:
13071:
12934:
12872:
12679:
12674:
12669:
12514:
12497:
12478:
12463:
12451:
12433:
12418:
12400:
12379:
12364:
12349:
12334:
12319:
12304:
12289:
12263:
12256:
12237:
12222:
12207:
12193:
12175:
12160:
12145:
12130:
12115:
12100:
12085:
12070:
12056:
12041:
12026:
12011:
11996:
11981:
11967:
11953:
11938:
11923:
11912:
11897:
11879:
11864:
11849:
11834:
11819:
11804:
11789:
11774:
11759:
11744:
11713:
11616:
11602:
11585:
11479:"Meet Babymetal: The Japanese Band That Is Breaking Grounds For Women In Heavy Metal"
10996:"The Unsung: Jinx Dawson invented rock's devil horns â but a man took all the credit"
10863:
10368:
10103:
10065:
10044:
10032:
10028:
9907:
9862:
9838:
9614:
9522:
9440:
9200:
9188:
9068:
8215:
7919:
7891:
7842:
7786:
7769:
7749:
7510:
7457:
7436:
7386:
7325:
7294:
7260:
7138:
7093:
7082:
7025:
6993:
6762:
6671:
6644:
6558:
6286:
6278:
6180:
6079:
6018:
5895:
5879:
5352:
5241:
5190:
4873:
4644:
4570:
4528:, which sold 31,000 copies in its first week, and The Devil Wears Prada's 2011 album
4525:
4470:
4439:
4408:
4372:
4342:
4334:
4301:
4120:
4102:
4058:
4021:
3962:
3898:
3840:
3561:
3469:
3426:
3212:
3160:
3147:
3093:
3031:
2956:
2697:
2692:
2682:
2603:
2571:
2559:
2451:
2315:
2216:
2201:
2017:
1748:
1414:
1171:
1134:
1039:
911:
738:
634:
441:
415:
253:
181:
107:
13323:
11933:
Cook, Nicholas, and Nicola Dibben (2001). "Musicological Approaches to Emotion", in
6298:
5130:
3026:
established himself as one of the leading metal guitarists of the era. His solo on "
2554:
Deep Purple had fluctuated between styles in its early years, but by 1969, vocalist
14493:
14468:
14221:
14216:
13701:
13640:
13549:
13544:
12992:
12969:
12847:
12535:
12396:
11907:
11705:
11699:
11594:
10941:"'Racism is rampant': Alien Weaponry, the metal band standing up for MÄori culture"
10921:
10855:
10849:
10731:
10648:
10308:
10280:
10091:
8549:
8514:
7594:
6802:
6748:
6270:
6070:
5631:"Metal, Punk, and Motörhead: Generic Crossover in the Heart of the Punk Explosion".
5070:
5048:
4973:
4606:
4602:
4484:
4396:
4249:
4213:
4197:
4074:
4037:
3943:
3915:
3817:
3768:
3525:
3504:
3401:
3332:
3315:
3255:
3240:
3188:
3180:
3135:
3050:
2980:
2897:
2809:
2789:
2781:
2503:
2475:
2276:, and many consider it to be the first true heavy metal recording. The same month,
2272:
2267:
2120:(1967) â are regarded as essential prototypes for the future style of heavy metal.
2048:
1897:
1872:
1578:
1504:
1436:
1324:
1289:
1264:
1241:
1195:
1100:
1056:
1023:
1007:
967:
characterized by short, two- or three-note rhythmic figures â generally made up of
731:
726:
626:
516:
238:
82:
10495:
10412:
8149:
4917:
The most notable of these 1990s/2000s female-fronted groups was the American band
4727:
779:
claims that the metal singer's "tone of voice" is more important than the lyrics.
735:; by the 1990s, synthesizers were used in "almost every subgenre of heavy metal".
14433:
14270:
13951:
13936:
13630:
13484:
13338:
13191:
13141:
12959:
12721:
12443:
11154:
10424:
10040:
9563:
9517:
Sharpe-Young (2007), pp. 246, 275; see also Stéphane Leguay, "Metal Gothique" in
9196:
9087:
8789:
8623:
8328:
6848:
6753:
6736:
6624:
6374:
6337:
5862:
5534:
5082:
4991:
have held important managerial roles behind the scenes. In 1981, Hoffmann helped
4988:
4965:
4885:
4804:
4788:
4610:
4508:
4455:
4447:
4392:
4326:
4225:
4209:
4205:
4165:
4114:
genre and into standard heavy metal. The album was certified 16Ă Platinum by the
4054:
3947:
3931:
3746:
3706:
3668:
3605:
3409:
3062:
3039:
3023:
2777:
2741:
2733:
2612:
2470:", which has been credited as an early example of or influence on heavy metal or
2443:
2407:
2289:
2285:
2158:
performances that influenced many metal acts. The American psychedelic rock band
1718:
1701:
1654:
1537:
1512:
1478:
1466:
1382:
1332:
1199:
1187:
1167:
1150:
879:
855:
336:
159:
12430:
Instruments of Desire: The Electric Guitar and the Shaping of Musical Experience
11598:
11452:
9989:
4799:
before starting her solo career. In 1983 another pioneering heavy metal singer,
4712:
3863:. The mix of the progressive and power metal sounds is typified by New Jersey's
2987:
of heavy metal â if that's a word! â but it was important to me that, yet again
1319:; Snider stated that the song was about his bandmate's throat surgery. In 1986,
14603:
14568:
14346:
14336:
14319:
14302:
13946:
13931:
13904:
13899:
13861:
13635:
13625:
13469:
13434:
13348:
13151:
12805:
11801:
The Land Without Music: Music, Culture and Society in Twentieth-century Britain
11235:
9485:
7941:"Hard rock band Mountain is riding the Mississippi Queen into the 21st century"
7879:
6776:
4903:
4869:
4864:'s vocals. This was followed by more women fronting heavy metal bands, such as
4823:
4796:
4708:
4549:
4479:
4412:
4066:
4006:
3927:
3894:
3813:
3722:
3655:
3589:
3577:
3445:
3303:
2939:
2769:
2749:
2328:
2240:
2193:
2116:
2032:
1918:
1661:
1640:
1597:
1569:
1549:
1409:
1296:
1175:
1110:
and unstable by medieval and Renaissance music theorists. It was nicknamed the
1052:
972:
351:
11504:
10893:"'Scream for Me, Africa!': How the continent is reinventing heavy metal music"
10771:
10095:
9171:
7804:"King Crimson: The Power To Believe : Music Reviews : Rolling Stone"
6274:
5808:
Marshall, Wolf. "Power LordâClimbing Chords, Evil Tritones, Giant Callouses",
4937:
and briefly catapulted Lee to a level of fame similar to that of contemporary
3852:
3201:
emerged from the same L.A. hard-rock club scene with their major-label debut,
1358:
834:
15027:
14608:
14588:
14537:
14483:
14314:
14285:
14211:
14036:
13941:
13834:
13761:
13721:
13574:
13494:
13401:
12790:
12785:
12704:
12279:
11643:
10537:
10372:
9958:
9834:
8518:; broadcast on 21 August 1987; transcribed by editor Peter Scott for Sabbath
8284:
7868:
Though often identified now as "hard rock", the band's official debut album,
7838:
Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists
7088:
6856:
6282:
5035:
The popular media and academia have long charged heavy metal with sexism and
5004:
5000:
4996:
4946:
4934:
4930:
4861:
4808:
4633:
4451:
4427:
4318:
4181:
4177:
4169:
4138:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3763:
3738:
3734:
3718:
3659:
3643:
3462:
3405:
3366:
3345:
3311:
3216:
3165:
3107:(1983). One of the seminal events in metal's growing popularity was the 1983
2935:
2794:
2716:
2607:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2492:
2381:
2263:
2252:
2232:
2205:
2139:
2069:
2001:
1911:
1825:
and the drinking of wine. The term would later be replaced by "heavy metal".
1804:
1796:
1733:
1724:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1636:
1320:
1312:
1215:
1211:
1088:
1027:
987:
935:
718:
686:
658:
547:
112:
13919:
12548:
12510:
What are You Doing Here?: A Black Woman's Life and Liberation in Heavy Metal
12080:
Kahn-Harris, Keith and Fabien Hein (2007), "Metal studies: a bibliography",
11727:
10877:
10680:"Here's Why Everyone Needs To Stop Complaining About Extended Range Guitars"
10613:"Interview: Meshuggah Guitarist Fredrik Thordendal Answers Reader Questions"
4281:"New metal" redirects here. For the genre of music with a similar name, see
2708:
were among the first albums to be described in print as "heavy metal", with
14593:
14583:
14428:
14367:
14280:
14275:
14236:
14002:
13926:
13876:
13866:
13756:
13479:
13244:
13051:
13014:
12976:
12964:
12954:
12944:
12909:
12894:
12852:
12842:
12827:
12800:
12763:
12006:
Fast, Susan (2005). "Led Zeppelin and the Construction of Masculinity", in
11786:
The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco
11734:
11698:
Wallach, Jeremy; Berger, Harris M.; Greene, Paul D., eds. (December 2011).
11671:
11346:
10848:
Wallach, Jeremy; Berger, Harris M.; Greene, Paul D., eds. (December 2011).
10703:
10617:
10587:
9962:
7883:
6691:
6398:
6290:
5765:
5078:
5064:
5051:
in 2001, metal, along with hip-hop, have made "reflexive and violent sexism
5024:
5012:
4890:
4881:
4845:
4841:
4827:
4792:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4732:
4466:
4461:
The term "retro-metal" has been used to describe bands such as Texas-based
4352:
4322:
4201:
4185:
4164:
are credited for making a "place for heavy metal in alternative rock", and
4149:
4130:
4111:
4085:
4050:
4041:
3998:
3978:
3974:
3954:
3935:
3890:
3848:
3829:
3809:
3742:
3726:
3698:
3651:
3639:
3621:
3613:
3597:
3549:
3393:
3358:
3327:
3287:
3267:
3263:
3122:
3103:
3070:
3046:
2994:
2969:
2884:
2880:
2858:
2640:
2548:
2523:'s Black Sabbath had developed a particularly heavy sound in part due to a
2488:
2403:
2385:
2299:
2288:" refers to "heavy metal thunder" in describing a motorcycle. In July, the
2228:
2159:
2131:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2061:
1993:
1962:
1930:
1864:
1856:
1787:
1584:
1568:(e.g., uranium). An early use of the term in modern popular culture was by
1520:
1474:
1444:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1084:
1035:
1003:
995:
931:
An example of a rhythmic pattern used in heavy metal. The upper stave is a
867:
863:
820:
800:
792:
742:
674:
638:
599:
575:
559:
543:
532:
476:
275:
265:
218:
149:
137:
9153:
8611:. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 3 April 2007; Barry Weber & Greg Prato.
4780:
3989:
subgenre. The late 1990s saw new bands form such as the Los Angelesâbased
3690:
3417:
2945:
2314:", then one of the heaviest-sounding songs ever released by a major band.
2044:" approach was seminal to the development of the later heavy metal sound.
1418:
1083:. Traditional heavy metal tends to employ modal scales, in particular the
847:
808:
583:
14438:
14413:
14297:
14253:
13807:
13797:
13716:
13539:
13524:
13504:
13474:
13464:
13459:
13444:
13343:
13229:
13066:
13046:
13036:
12949:
12929:
12904:
12857:
12780:
12731:
12689:
12684:
11889:
11709:
11130:"Mari Hamada's Outlook on Life, Death Reflected in New Heavy Metal Album"
10859:
10256:
8509:
8505:
7895:
7874:
6406:
6006:
5841:
Lilja, Esa (2009). "Theory and Analysis of Classic Heavy Metal Harmony".
4918:
4853:
4812:
4800:
4716:
4573:. Djent music uses rhythmic and technical complexity, heavily distorted,
4530:
4496:
4423:
4253:
4233:
4229:
4193:
4161:
4153:
3986:
3938:. with its signature dual-vocalist arrangements, exemplified by Norway's
3844:
3833:
3793:
3758:
3694:
3633:
3601:
3596:, who branded an inverted cross on his forehead and wore armor on stage.
3593:
3581:
3573:
3557:
3529:
3491:
3349:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3254:
developed outside of the commercial mainstream during the 1980s, such as
3134:
By the mid-1980s, glam metal was a dominant presence on the U.S. charts,
3108:
3011:
2973:
2965:
2916:
2863:
2825:
2824:-based lyrics and themes sometimes found in heavy metal, pioneering both
2773:
2753:
2745:
2687:
2636:
2628:
2567:
2508:
2433:
2399:
2365:
2323:
2303:
2302:, made its live debut in Denmark (but were billed as The New Yardbirds).
2236:
2167:
2135:
2110:
2078:
2024:
1989:
1970:
1966:
1937:" (1954). Other early influences include the late 1950s instrumentals of
1905:
1860:
1852:
1747:, he commented on an album put out the previous year by the British band
1614:
1561:
1533:
1508:
1448:
1426:
1371:
1362:
1276:
1220:
1138:
1130:
1118:
1080:
1064:
1060:
1048:
1044:
968:
927:
892:
828:
812:
784:
776:
768:
710:
705:
666:
662:
610:". The lyrics of some metal genres became associated with aggression and
607:
595:
563:
551:
528:
523:, heavy metal bands developed a thick, monumental sound characterized by
270:
208:
154:
132:
122:
117:
10298:
6828:
Schwartz, Susan (September 7, 1968). "Blues Show Goes On With Hendrix",
6617:
4666:
4144:
3536:, and their song "Death Metal", which came from their 1985 debut album,
1976:
854:
In live performance, loudness â an "onslaught of sound", in sociologist
14598:
14553:
14307:
14290:
14241:
13914:
13856:
13746:
13736:
13731:
13685:
13680:
13670:
13610:
13600:
13584:
13579:
13564:
13559:
13534:
13454:
13449:
13418:
13413:
13391:
13309:
13009:
12919:
12914:
12817:
12812:
12795:
12775:
12758:
12726:
12531:"Freedom Ain't Free:" Race and Representation(s) in Extreme Heavy Metal
12415:
Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music
10917:"Freedom Ain't Free:" Race and Representation(s) in Extreme Heavy Metal
5922:
Running With the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music
5752:
Running With the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music
5345:
Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music
4992:
4877:
4816:
4776:
4638:
4621:
4582:
4500:
4474:
4268:, which led the media to talk of a resurgence of heavy metal. In 1999,
4237:
3958:
3957:, which mixes doom metal and hardcore punk, emerged in the late 1980s;
3919:
3880:
3864:
3797:
3789:
3714:
3702:
3679:
3647:
3430:, the genre's first Platinum record. Two years later, the band's album
3283:
3151:
3074:
3066:
3054:
2876:
2817:
2813:
2737:
2729:
2644:
2589:
2555:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2471:
2462:
2373:
2319:
2259:
2248:
2189:
2179:
2163:
2101:
2005:
1946:
1893:
1876:
1821:
magazine described the downer rock culture revolving around the use of
1729:
1544:
1516:
1462:
1440:
1398:
1386:
1300:
1163:
1011:
999:
899:
875:
839:
670:
618:
555:
512:
508:
233:
213:
186:
144:
127:
72:
12539:
11317:"Here Are The Nominees For Best Metal Performance at the 2021 GRAMMYs"
11078:"Forget Santa Claus! Bang Your Head to 80s Spanish Metal Demons SANTA"
10969:"The Forgotten Mother of Metal Music and Birth of the "Devil's Horns""
10925:
7872:(1970), placed 85th on the list of "Top 100 Metal Albums" compiled by
6134:
Hardcore, Punk and Other Junk: Aggressive Sounds in Contemporary Music
4950:
3476:
chart, as the band established an international following. Megadeth's
1988:
However, the genre's direct lineage begins in the mid-1960s. American
14687:
14341:
14324:
14263:
14031:
13802:
13792:
13787:
13711:
13706:
13675:
13665:
13650:
13645:
13620:
13615:
13605:
13569:
13554:
13529:
13509:
13499:
13257:
13041:
12997:
12939:
12924:
12867:
12832:
12822:
12753:
12716:
12248:
Damage Incorporated: Metallica and the Production of Musical Identity
12142:
The Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s
11266:
10798:"Poppy may be the future of heavy metal with new song "Play Destroy""
10708:
10622:
10592:
10364:
10327:
8565:
Black Sabbath FAQ: All That's Left to Know on the First Name in Metal
7595:"Led Zeppelin Teen-Clubs, Box 45, Egegaard Skole â September 7, 1968"
7479:"The Overwhelming (and Overlooked) Darkness of Jinx Dawson and Coven"
6785:
5866:
5727:"Master of Rhythm: The Importance of Tone and Right-hand Technique",
5666:
Running with the Devil:Power, Gender and Madness in Heavy Metal Music
5473:
Damage Incorporated: Metallica and the Production of Musical Identity
5074:
4977:
4865:
4857:
4768:
4764:
4740:
4589:
soloing. Another typical characteristic is the use of extended range
4574:
4488:
4462:
4431:
4419:
4400:
4330:
4314:
4297:
4289:
4276:
4097:
4025:
3994:
3990:
3918:, helped spark a new wave of doom metal. During the same period, the
3805:
3777:
3609:
3569:
3517:
3513:
3413:
3373:
3019:
2926:
2765:
2677:
2599:
2544:
2456:
2377:
2361:
2336:
2074:
2052:
2036:
2013:
1950:
1938:
1914:
1901:
1868:
1845:
1833:
1832:, "acid rock" was often used interchangeably with "heavy metal" and "
1829:
1822:
1812:
1739:
Other early documented uses of the phrase are from reviews by critic
1601:
1500:
1335:, in an "unsuccessful attempt to prosecute the label for obscenity".
1207:
1107:
1092:
980:
932:
903:
888:
796:
764:
642:
587:
571:
567:
520:
451:
243:
223:
203:
191:
77:
12376:
Entertaining the Citizen: When Politics and Popular Culture Converge
5256:
Fast (2005), pp. 89â91; Weinstein (2000), pp. 7, 8, 23, 36, 103, 104
4956:
In Japan, the 2010s saw a boom of all-female metal bands, including
3977:, inspired by the earlier doom metal bands, spearheaded the rise of
2983:, who joined Black Sabbath in 1979. "I've never thought there was a
2372:", featuring pounding and distorted heavy guitar power chord riffs.
2016:
played a major role in popularising this sound with their 1964 hit "
1457:
album cover, there is speculation as to who started the phenomenon.
14026:
13751:
13741:
13519:
13439:
13396:
13353:
12899:
12862:
12493:
11993:
In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music
11894:
Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal
10643:
10303:
9900:
Straight Edge: Clean-living Youth, Hardcore Punk, and Social Change
9859:
Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore
9831:
Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal
9175:
8201:
7193:
7065:
5870:
5135:
5036:
4957:
4938:
4834:
4820:
4784:
4771:
later had successful solo careers. In 1978, during the rise of the
4650:
4617:
4586:
4504:
4384:
4305:
4282:
4029:
3675:
3553:
3496:
3381:
3362:
3259:
3226:
3155:
3116:
3078:
2171:
1958:
1926:
1453:
1280:
1254:
976:
760:
714:
678:
650:
622:
611:
542:
In 1968, three of the genre's most famous pioneers â British bands
536:
196:
12595:
7129:. "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13â38. In: DeCurtis, Anthony:
2501:, which is generally accepted as the first heavy metal album, and
2008:
by recording covers of classic blues songs, often speeding up the
14563:
14372:
14246:
13997:
13777:
11831:
Imagine Nation: the American Counterculture of the 1960s and '70s
10533:"Lady Antebellum 'Own' the Billboard 200 with Second No. 1 Album"
9167:
9165:
8519:
6737:"Just So Stories: How Heavy Metal Got Its NameâA Cautionary Tale"
6703:
5008:
4961:
4922:
4831:
4759:, formed in 1973. A hard rock band featuring all-female members,
4265:
4261:
4089:
3902:
3801:
3546:
3389:
3035:
2821:
2820:. Rainbow with Ronnie James Dio would expand on the mystical and
2725:
2335:" is sometimes described as an example of the transition between
2155:
2028:
1622:
1495:
1470:
1394:
1145:, known for the neoclassical approach in his guitar performances.
1096:
1076:
871:
11022:"Where Did Metal's 'Devil Horns' Hand Gesture Really Come From?"
8783:"Heavy Metal, Rap, and the Rise of Alternative Rock (1982â1992)"
6974:
Sleazegrinder (March 2007). "The Lost Pioneers of Heavy Metal".
4995:
acquire his first record deal, as well as became the manager of
4852:, providing "angelic" female clean vocals to contrast with male
3843:, which adopts the complex compositional approach of bands like
14681:
13726:
13239:
12837:
11375:
11128:
Writer, Yusuke Tsuruta / Yomiuri Shimbun Staff (22 June 2023).
10145:"Finland stage world's first heavy metal knitting championship"
10023:"Contemporary grindcore bands such as The Dillinger Escape Plan
9566:. Splendid Magazine, September 2005. Retrieved on 21 March 2007
8461:
7561:"An Answer to the Immortal Question: Who Invented Heavy Metal?"
5011:
music festival and managed several bands, including Motörhead,
4969:
4698:
4629:
4309:
4241:
4070:
4033:
3683:
3663:
3458:
3450:
3385:
3344:
Thrash metal emerged in the early 1980s under the influence of
3337:
2175:
2093:
1629:
1618:
1031:
907:
884:
682:
646:
228:
12620:
9162:
5437:"Final Six: The Six Best/Worst Things to Come out of Nu-Metal"
4884:
among others. Liv Kristine was featured on the title track of
4015:
3556:. Death metal vocals are typically bleak, involving guttural "
2651:
On the other side of the Atlantic, the trendsetting group was
1451:
claims to have been the first to make the gesture on the 1977
13278:
12770:
7454:
The God of Hellfire, the Crazy Life and Times of Arthur Brown
7433:
The God of Hellfire, the Crazy Life and Times of Arthur Brown
6912:
4933:
scene and was a worldwide phenomenon; it earned the band two
4578:
4566:
4293:
4273:
such as Korn or Limp Bizkit retained substantial followings.
3970:
2931:
2837:
2197:
2009:
1848:
was the top American heavy-metal band of the mid-Seventies".
1778:
1643:'s debut album, which was released in early 1968, was titled
1632:
1435:, or "devil horns", hand gesture was popularized by vocalist
1430:
1288:
overwhelming evidence that suggests otherwise". Music critic
998:. Heavy metal songs also use longer rhythmic figures such as
843:
804:
614:, an issue that has at times led to accusations of misogyny.
579:
258:
12607:
11773:. Rough Guides. Foreword by Bruce Dickinson of Iron Maiden.
6403:"American Hair Metal â Excerpts: Selected Images and Quotes"
2615:, released in 1971. In 1973, Deep Purple released the song "
1867:
records were real metal records. I sure as hell don't think
1245:(1970), which "included songs dealing with personal traumaâ'
578:
helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its
14488:
12608:"The International Society for Metal Music Studies (ISMMS)"
9925:"Kill Your Stereo â Reviews: Shai Hulud â Misanthropy Pure"
8280:"Read Lars Ulrich's Deep Purple Rock Hall Induction Speech"
4914:
were all nominated in the Best Metal Performance category.
4719:
promotes heavy metal music as one way of combating racism.
4435:
4245:
4173:
4046:
4009:
3299:
3058:
2816:
and future vocalist for Black Sabbath and heavy metal band
2647:
performing during the Bad Reputation Tour, 24 November 1977
2376:
released two of their heaviest and loudest songs to date, "
1728:, described the sound as "heavy" and made comparisons with
1397:
in the late 1980s, bands in the Japanese movement known as
1316:
1308:
991:
788:
10851:
Metal Rules the Global: Heavy Metal Music around the World
10772:"Poppy Makes a Case for a New Kind of Artificial Pop Star"
9453:
8794:
What's That Sound? An Introduction to Rock and its History
7687:"The Warning: The 10 Heaviest Albums Before Black Sabbath"
7083:"The Rolling Stone illustrated history of rock & roll"
7063:
Gitter, Mike (6 March 1993). "Talkin' 'bout revolutions".
6384:
6382:
5528:"Cliff Burton's Legendary Career: The King of Metal Bass".
3885:
Emerging in the mid-1980s with such bands as California's
3372:
The subgenre was popularized by the "Big Four of Thrash":
2714:
referred to by the term "heavy metal" in a 1970 review in
1271:, known for writing conceptual lyrics about horror stories
13782:
11701:
Metal Rules the Globe: Heavy Metal Music around the World
10747:"Grimes details "nu-metal" fifth album Miss_Anthrop0cene"
10561:"The Devil Wears Prada Post A Video Update For New Album"
9439:. London: Cherry Red Books Ltd. pp. 19â20, 354â356.
7783:
Turn On Your Mind: Four Decades of Great Psychedelic Rock
7528:
7526:
6699:
6491:
6489:
4548:, to critical acclaim. The album debuted at No. 3 on the
4434:. Deathcore features characteristics such as death metal
4078:
3088:
2979:"This seemed to be the resurgence of heavy metal," noted
2950:
2357:
2150:
During the late 1960s, many psychedelic singers, such as
11290:"usatoday.com â Grammy Award Nominees in Top Categories"
11262:"usatoday.com â Grammy Award Nominees in Top Categories"
8930:
Moynihan, SĂžderlind (1998), p. 30; O'Neil (2001), p. 164
6253:
4837:
since 1987 has inspired female musicians to play metal.
3568:
guitars and extremely fast percussion, often with rapid
3138:
and the arena concert circuit. New bands such as L.A.'s
2696:, 1974). Sir Lord Baltimore's 1970 debut album and both
2396:", which was considered heavy metal by several critics.
30:
This article is about the genre. For its subgenres, see
12392:
Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal
12274:
but its influence is apparent in the heavy-metal sound.
12234:
Death Metal and Music Criticism: Analysis at the Limits
11756:
Metalheads: Heavy Metal Music and Adolescent Alienation
8615:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 3 April 2007; Dolas, Yiannis.
7498:
7496:
6603:
Metalheads: Heavy Metal Music and Adolescent Alienation
6592:
Dunn, "Metal: A Headbanger's Journey" B000EGEJIY (2006)
6379:
5712:
A Very Dirty Lens: How Can We Listen to Offensive Metal
4257:
3340:
performing in 2007 in front of a wall of speaker stacks
2138:", is identified by some as the first heavy metal hit.
2047:
The combination of this loud and heavy blues rock with
12490:
Louder Than Hell: The Definitive Oral History of Metal
12067:
From Blues to Rock: An Analytical History of Pop Music
11104:"DORO â The Queen Of Metal Documentary 2021 Streaming"
10346:
8039:
di Perna, Alan. "The History of Hard Rock: The 70's".
7631:"The Pop Life: The First Rock Opera (No, Not 'Tommy')"
7523:
7290:
All Music Guide: The Definitive Guide to Popular Music
6486:
6043:
6041:
5039:. In the 1980s, American conservative groups like the
3871:
is among the most recognized of latter-day shredders.
2887:, and in the thundering medieval questions of Rainbow.
2211:
975:. These rhythmic figures are usually performed with a
12282:(1980). "Consecutive Fifth, Consecutive Octaves", in
12217:
Pareles, Jon, and Patricia Romanowski (eds.) (1983).
11976:
Ewing, Charles Patrick, and Joseph T. McCann (2006).
6234:
5768:. Mel Bay Publications. Retrieved on 15 November 2007
4483:(2006) drew heavily on the work of Black Sabbath and
4418:
In the 2000s, an extreme metal fusion genre known as
3449:(1986) was credited for incorporating heavier guitar
3126:
in 1984, as well as a host of fan journals. In 1985,
1851:"The term 'heavy metal' is self-defeating," remarked
1002:- or dotted quarter note-length chords in slow-tempo
681:, the latter of which often incorporates elements of
12534:(Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Columbia University.
10920:(Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Columbia University.
10696:
10494:. Lamentations of the Flame Princess. Archived from
9713:
9684:
9682:
9370:
8082:"Black Sabbath: 'We hated being a heavy metal band'"
7966:"The 50 Heaviest Songs Before Black Sabbath: #40-31"
7493:
5828:
Warner Home Video (2006). Retrieved on 19 March 2007
5564:"Lamb of God's Chris Adler: More than Meets the Eye"
3042:, which reached No. 1 in the U.S. in February 1983.
2432:. That same month, another Cream-rooted trio led by
2154:, began to create outlandish, theatrical, and often
1125:
11697:
10847:
9575:
Christe (2003), pp. 304â6; Weinstein (1991), p. 278
9428:
8607:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 25 March 2007; Neely, Kim
6160:"Revisiting Judas Priest's Subliminal Lyrics Trial"
6038:
5644:
5642:
5221:
5219:
4361:debuted at No. 21 and No. 20, respectively, on the
3158:became enormously successful with its third album,
2907:
1887:
1712:"has a heavy-metals blues sound". In January 1970,
1617:
describes what the components of the term mean in "
858:'s description â is considered vital. In his book,
783:vary widely in complexity, from holding down a low
12553:(Master of Arts thesis). University of California.
12255:
12127:Theory and Analysis of Classic Heavy Metal Harmony
11584:
10385:
10383:
10118:"Finnish metropolises vie to win Capital of Metal"
9317:. Burzum.org, July 2005; retrieved on 4 April 2007
9101:"Necrophagia â Biography & History â AllMusic"
8647:Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association
8354:
7663:
7081:
6565:. Volume 16, Number 4 / December 1993. pp. 423â443
4277:Recent styles: mid- to late 2000s, 2010s and 2020s
3507:, "widely recognized as the father of death metal"
3223:sustained the popularity of the glam metal style.
1763:as "more of the same 27th-rate heavy metal crap".
12346:Death Metal Epic (Book I: The Inverted Katabasis)
12219:The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll
11978:Minds on Trial: Great Cases in Law and Psychology
10823:"The female pop stars channeling nu-metal's rage"
9679:
9350:, 7 November 2003. Retrieved on 10 September 2007
9277:(UK), 20 February 2005. Retrieved on 4 April 2007
9159:, March/April 2000. Retrieved on 15 November 2007
8142:
7252:
5159:"Heavy Metal Thunder: The Origins of Heavy Metal"
4172:combined their alternative rock sound with punk,
3178:hit No. 1 in 25 countries. In 1987, MTV launched
1980:Cream performing on the Dutch television program
1590:Featuring the Human Host and the Heavy Metal Kids
1439:during his time with the bands Black Sabbath and
15025:
10010:Kevin Stewart-Panko, "The Decade in Noisecore",
9820:Weinstein (2000), p. 288; Christe (2003), p. 372
8023:"The Horrific Accident That Created Heavy Metal"
7680:
7678:
7405:
7348:
7346:
7073:
5888:The New Oxford Companion to Music, Volume 1: AâJ
5639:
5216:
3352:. The movement began in the United States, with
3227:Other heavy metal genres: 1980s, 1990s and 2000s
1307:" at a U.S. Senate hearing. At the hearing, the
570:; and the flashy guitar leads and party rock of
12285:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
12170:Moynihan, Michael, and Dirik SĂžderlind (1998).
10796:Magazine, Alternative Press (2 November 2018).
10630:
10380:
10352:
7153:Strong (2004), p. 1693; Buckley (2003), p. 1187
6369:, January 2001. Retrieved on 20 November 2007.
6196:
6058:Black Sabbath and the Rise of Heavy Metal Music
6047:See, e.g., Ewing and McCann (2006), pp. 104â113
5876:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
5594:Black Sabbath and the Rise of Heavy Metal Music
4057:, one of the most popular acts identified with
3604:imagery. These two bands, along with Death and
2108:'s double bass drumming. Their first two LPs â
878:set new benchmarks for volume. As Blue Cheer's
12110:Leguay, Stéphane (2006). "Metal Gothique", in
10214:"Chartverfolgung / Blind Guardian / Long play"
9425:. AllMusic. Both retrieved on 11 November 2007
7890:, featuring a pounding, aggressive version of
6908:"Sir Lord Baltimore's 'Kingdom Come' (review)"
6905:
6871:
6465:, 9 September 2004. Retrieved on 31 March 2007
6254:Recours, R; Aussaguel, F; Trujillo, N (2009).
6171:
6169:
5636:6.2 (Fall 2004). Retrieved on 15 November 2007
5540:, February 2005. Retrieved on 13 November 2007
5123:
3997:, which crosses lines between doom, drone and
3749:brought black metal closer to the mainstream.
3741:. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Norway's
1117:Heavy metal songs often make extensive use of
1070:
1014:tempos (quarter note = 350 beats per minute).
14667:
13294:
12636:
11179:updated, Dom Lawsonlast (25 September 2020).
10419:, 18 April 2006. Retrieved on 31 March 2007.
9304:Moynihan, SĂžderlind (1998), pp. 271, 321, 326
8796:(W. W. Norton). Retrieved on 16 November 2007
7834:
7675:
7628:
7343:
7112:counted the distant ancestors of heavy metal.
6973:
6901:
6899:
6431:
5836:
5834:
5679:Eddy, Chuck (1 July 2011). "Women of Metal".
5277:, 10 July 1988. Retrieved on 14 November 2007
4337:. By 2004, melodic metalcore â influenced by
4073:bands, signaling the popular breakthrough of
3658:. By the late 1980s, Norwegian bands such as
2883:, in the sizzling guitar and showy vocals of
1842:Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll
641:broke into the mainstream with bands such as
637:produced an array of more aggressive styles:
12084:, n°5-2, Bordeaux: Ăditions MĂ©lanie Seteun.
10583:"Meshuggah Share the Secrets of Their Sound"
10429:
10267:... Drawing on both death metal and hardcore
10192:"Chartverfolgung / Dimmu Borgir / Long play"
10081:
10062:Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge
9793:
9434:
9193:Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge
9090:. MTVNews.com. Retrieved on 27 February 2008
8725:Walser (1993), p. 14; Christe (2003), p. 170
7737:
7584:Gene Santoro, quoted in Carson (2001), p. 86
7378:
7280:
7171:Weinstein (1991), p. 18; Walser (1993), p. 9
6781:"Live! The Four Tops and The Rolling Stones"
6434:"The Pop Life: End of a Life, End of an Era"
6177:Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge
6005:
4779:was founded and, in 1980, collaborated with
4422:emerged. Deathcore incorporates elements of
3788:Traditional power metal bands like Sweden's
3457:, and accusations of promoting violence and
3187:One band that reached diverse audiences was
1532:appeal and radio hits; and they must never "
95:Late 1960s, United Kingdom and United States
12475:Amazing Journey: The Life of Pete Townshend
12065:Hatch, David, and Stephen Millward (1989).
10576:
10574:
10508:
10236:"Chartverfolgung / Hammer Fall / Long play"
9367:, June 2007. Retrieved on 10 September 2007
9265:
9263:
9187:
9081:The Greatest Metal Bands of All TimeâSlayer
8822:
8820:
8638:
8213:
8119:
8059:... the unlikely birthplace of heavy metal"
7286:
6166:
4016:1990s and early 2000s subgenres and fusions
2185:Witchcraft Destroys Minds & Reaps Souls
1079:and chromatic progressions, and the use of
759:expresses virtuosity". Some exceptions are
14674:
14660:
13301:
13287:
12643:
12629:
11743:, Volume 1: A-J. Oxford University Press.
10435:
10290:
9053:Billboard 200 Chart Position: Sepultura â
9045:Billboard 200 Chart Position: Testament â
8777:
8775:
8743:
8421:
8419:
8341:
8096:
7785:(Milwaukee, Michigan: Hal Leonard, 2003),
7472:
7470:
7382:The Guide to United States Popular Culture
7206:
7204:
7202:
7122:
7120:
6896:
6867:
6865:
6636:
6344:, 28 July 2006. Retrieved 20 November 2007
6017:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 227â233.
5943:
5831:
5366:
5364:
5182:
5176:
4383:Evolving even further from metalcore came
4110:, which moved the band's sound out of the
3950:introduced an American take on the style.
3164:(1986). The similarly styled Swedish band
2478:debuted with the heavy, proto-metal album
2092:, who derived a massive, heavy sound from
2077:variant that evolved out of the mid-1960s
1664:appears in Sandy Pearlman's February 1967
11402:"Evanescence's Amy Lee Gets Back to Life"
11371:"Evanescence Thank Fans With New Box Set"
10655:
10489:
9917:
9557:"Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method"
9508:, 28 May 2006. Retrieved on 21 March 2007
9248:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 15 November 2007
9134:
9132:
9130:
9071:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 23 November 2007
7985:
7905:
7830:
7828:
7502:
7379:Browne, Ray Broadus; Browne, Pat (2001).
7253:Bisbort, Alan; Puterbaugh, Parke (2000).
6874:"Humble Pie: 'Town and Country' (review)"
6752:
6734:
6495:
6256:"Metal music and mental health in France"
6069:
5886:. See also Arnold, Denis . "Tritone", in
5651:On Record: Rock, Pop and the Written Word
5629:Paul Sutcliffe quoted in Waksman, Steve.
5616:
5614:
5612:
5419:
4565:Also in the 2010s, a metal style called "
3969:. Early in the next decade, California's
2812:, singer and bassist for blues rock band
1660:An early documented use of the phrase in
12546:
12082:Volume! La revue des musiques populaires
12023:Volume! La revue des musiques populaires
11578:
11576:
11453:"æ”ç°éș»éăăLOVEBITESăŸă§ăŒăŒăŹăŒă«ășHR/HMăæłąäč±äžäžăź30ćčŽćČ"
11427:"The DESTROSE Connection ~The Prologue~"
10795:
10571:
10458:
10389:
9642:"Gold & Platinum â January 17, 2010"
9496:
9494:
9482:"Blood and Thunder: The Profits of Doom"
9260:
9218:
9216:
8817:
8644:
8543:
7911:
7246:
7231:
6775:
6769:
6667:Syd Barrett & Pink Floyd: Dark Globe
6663:
6586:
6131:
5924:. Wesleyan University Press. p. 47.
5754:. Wesleyan University Press. p. 43.
5668:. Wesleyan University Press. p. 76.
5578:
5576:
4815:vocals. In 1986, the German thrash band
4726:
4367:
4143:
4045:
3993:, with a classic stoner/doom sound, and
3762:
3495:
3331:
3230:
2911:
2627:
2398:
2215:
1975:
1494:
1408:
1357:
1263:
1129:
926:
833:
737:
12204:The First Amendment and Civil Liability
12190:The Cambridge History of American Music
11664:
11314:
11178:
8912:. Billboard.com. Retrieved 7 April 2007
8858:
8856:
8772:
8481:"GenreâNew Wave of British Heavy Metal"
8462:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas; Prato, Greg.
8416:
8125:
8102:
8046:
7467:
7372:
7352:
7199:
7117:
6862:
6541:. Vol. 4, no. 1 (2014) p. 105
6105:
6060:. Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2010. p. 141
5370:
5361:
5077:and wife of the band's former frontman
4976:, as well as the mainstream success of
4896:Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance
4722:
4491:and psychedelic rock, and Wolfmother's
2418:was released and reached No. 10 on the
938:part. The lower stave is the drum part.
14:
15026:
12460:Heavy Metal: The Music and its Culture
11636:
11396:
11127:
11101:
10993:
10890:
9877:
9875:
9853:
9851:
9606:
9597:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 19 March 2007
9462:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 20 March 2007
9379:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 20 March 2007
9148:
9146:
9144:
9127:
8626:. Rockpages. Retrieved on 3 April 2007
8052:
7825:
7079:
7062:
6549:
6547:
6356:
5919:
5749:
5663:
5609:
5596:. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 130.
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5373:"METAL 101: Face-melting guitar tones"
5330:
5328:
5326:
5298:
5189:. Kendall/Hunt Pub. pp. 183â187.
5156:
2904:... dim-witted, amoral exploitation."
2846:in 1975, is a prime example. The 1983
2804:(1972), left the band in 1975 to form
1323:was sued over the lyrics of his song "
1283:and the occult. During the 1980s, the
14655:
13282:
12624:
12527:
12506:
11950:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music
11784:Berry, Mick and Jason Gianni (2003).
11665:Goodman, Eleanor (12 February 2018).
11573:
11204:
11019:
10938:
10913:
10636:
10402:from the original on 29 December 2010
10324:"Rose Funeral â 'The Resting Sonata'"
10321:
10142:
9521:, Ă©ditions E-dite, 3e Ă©dition, 2006,
9491:
9400:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 8 April 2007
9329:. AllMusic. Retrieved on 9 April 2007
9295:Moynihan, SĂžderlind (1998), pp. 31â32
9213:
8826:
8360:
8310:Pareles and Romanowski (1983), p. 225
8252:
8073:
8029:. Townsquare Media. 25 February 2022.
7982:Classic Rock Magazine, September 2014
7918:. Library Professional Publications.
7806:. web.archive.org. Archived from the
7772:. AllMusic. Retrieved 17 October 2012
7684:
7660:. AllMusic. Retrieved 17 October 2012
6735:Weinstein, Deena (12 November 2013).
6627:. New York: Grove Press, 1964. p. 112
6498:Heavy Metal:The Music and its Culture
6397:
6391:
6106:Ostroff, Joshua (18 September 2015).
5910:Kennedy (1985), "Pedal Point", p. 540
5840:
5820:
5818:
5693:
5648:
5573:
5475:. By Glenn Pillsbury. Routledge, 2013
5285:
5283:
5213:". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 January 2022
4569:" developed as a spinoff of standard
4212:began incorporating metal into their
3207:. Reviewing the album, Steve Pond of
2130:(1967), was also highly influential.
1708:, reviewer Susan Schwartz wrote that
14526:Rock music and the fall of communism
12253:
12221:. Rolling Stone Press/Summit Books.
11737:(1983). "Consecutive Intervals", in
11583:Hill, Rosemary Lucy (January 2016).
11582:
11315:Pasbani, Robert (24 November 2020).
11075:
10677:
10662:"Djent, the metal geek's microgenre"
10406:
8853:
8537:
8079:
7932:
7902:(1971) placed 72nd (Walser , p. 174)
7744:. New York: Broadway Books. p.
7669:
7017:
6684:
5678:
5591:
5434:
5264:
5262:
4661:
4542:released their fourth studio album,
3077:bands characteristically emphasized
2255:, as the first to play heavy metal.
1413:Fans raise their fists and make the
1404:
1347:
1170:, by influential guitarists such as
787:as a foundation to doubling complex
12547:Martinez, Kristen Le Amber (2019).
12258:American culture after World War II
12025:. N°5-2. Bordeaux: Mélanie Seteun.
12008:Music Cultures in the United States
11667:"Does Metal Have a Sexism Problem?"
11637:Dansby, Andrew (16 February 2001).
10994:Cooper, Leonie (22 February 2021).
10815:
10732:"Textures â Dualism (Album Review)"
10580:
10259:Alex Henderson: "What is deathcore?
9892:
9872:
9848:
9607:Popoff, Martin (15 November 2013).
9315:"A Burzum Story: Part VIâThe Music"
9141:
8690:Walser (1993), pp. 12â13, 182 n. 35
8386:Pareles and Romanowski (1983), p. 1
8173:
7819:
7728:Braunstein and Doyle (2002), p. 133
7053:Pareles and Romanowski (1983), p. 4
6872:Saunders, Mike (12 November 1970).
6544:
6147:VH1: Behind The MusicâOzzy Osbourne
5496:
5323:
5250:
4929:, released in 2003, broke into the
4894:, which was nominated for the 2004
4411:, Norway's Dimmu Borgir, Germany's
4252:incorporated elements ranging from
3572:drumming and "wall of sound"âstyle
2867:in 1974. In Christe's description,
2212:Origins: late 1960s and early 1970s
1992:was a major influence on the early
1743:. In the 12 November 1970 issue of
994:, which help to establish thematic
922:
917:
621:became popular with groups such as
24:
12040:. ChĂąteau-Gontier: Aedam musicae.
11368:
10353:Wiederhorn, Jon (September 2008).
10084:Evolutionary Psychological Science
9257:Moynihan, SĂžderlind (1998), p. 212
8344:"Label of love: Immediate Records"
8253:Parco, Nicholas (10 August 2016).
7938:
7835:Prown, Pete; Newquist, HP (1997).
7685:Smith, Nathan (13 February 2012).
7629:Strauss, Neil (3 September 1998).
7506:Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult
6557:; Publisher Springer Netherlands.
6500:. Da Capo Press. pp. 228â229.
6216:"Malaysia Curbs Heavy Metal Music"
5878:, 1st ed. MacMillan, pp. 154â155.
5815:
5280:
4795:in 1983), leading the German band
4562:, which debuted at No. 2 in 2015.
4341:as well â was popular enough that
3839:Closely related to power metal is
3771:performing in Buenos Aires in 2010
3142:and acts from the East Coast like
2919:, one of the central bands in the
2900:described it as "dull and decadent
2310:, released in November, included "
2270:" as a part of their debut album,
1700:: "Nobody who's been listening to
1365:performing in 2004, wearing makeup
1034:may be added as a doubling of the
692:
34:. For the 2013 Newsted album, see
25:
15095:
12559:
12448:Heavy Metal: A Cultural Sociology
12301:The Everything Guitar Chords Book
11829:Braunstein, P. and Doyle, M. W.,
11740:The New Oxford Companion to Music
11639:"Critic Christgau Wraps the '90s"
11342:"The story of Evanescence so far"
11076:Bomb, Cherry (16 December 2019).
10939:Mills, Matt (28 September 2021).
10729:
10610:
10511:"Blood and Thunder: Regeneration"
10471:from the original on 8 March 2011
9794:D'angelo, Joe (24 January 2003).
9222:Moynihan, SĂžderlind (1998), p. 28
9138:Moynihan, SĂžderlind (1998), p. 27
8874:Moynihan, SĂžderlind (1998), p. 26
8865:. AllMusic. Retrieved 3 March 007
8701:"Rock Group Europe Plan Comeback"
8080:Wood, Rebecca (4 February 2017).
7476:
6149:, VH1. Paramount Television, 1998
5987:Hatch and Millward (1989), p. 167
5978:See Cook and Dibben (2001), p. 56
5299:Hannum, Terence (18 March 2016).
5259:
5157:Havers, Richard (29 March 2022).
4538:200 chart. In 2013, British band
4012:in the middle of an earthquake".
3520:employed by such acts. Florida's
2446:â played an hour-long set at the
1484:
1231:For a more descriptive list, see
1226:
1126:Relationship with classical music
874:, early heavy metal acts such as
14633:
14622:
14621:
13263:
13262:
13162:New wave of American heavy metal
12507:Dawes, Laina (7 November 2012).
12114:, Ă©ditions E-dite, 3rd edition,
12010:, ed. Ellen Koskoff. Routledge.
11658:
11630:
11548:
11522:
11497:
11471:
11445:
11419:
11390:
11362:
11334:
11308:
11282:
11254:
11224:
11205:Kelly, Kim (22 September 2016).
11198:
11172:
11147:
11121:
11095:
11069:
11039:
11013:
10987:
10961:
10932:
10907:
10891:Gharib, Malaka (7 August 2022).
10884:
10841:
10789:
10764:
10739:
10723:
10690:
10671:
10604:
10553:
10525:
10483:New Wave of American Heavy Metal
10475:
10452:
10448:from the original on 13 May 2011
10315:
10274:
10250:
10228:
10206:
10184:
10162:
10136:
10110:
10075:
10054:
10017:
10004:
9968:
9947:
9823:
9814:
9787:
9778:
9769:
9760:
9751:
9742:
9733:
9707:
9670:
9661:
9652:
9634:
9600:
9587:
9578:
9569:
9549:
9540:
9531:
9511:
9474:
9465:
9403:
9391:
9382:
9353:
9332:
9320:
9307:
9298:
9289:
9280:
9251:
9234:
9225:
9181:
9118:
9093:
9074:
9061:
9038:
9012:
8986:
8977:
8951:
8942:
8933:
8924:
8915:
8902:"MetallicaâArtist Chart History"
8895:
8886:
8877:
8868:
8808:
8799:
8737:
8728:
8719:
8693:
8684:
8675:
8666:
8657:
8629:
8597:
8588:
8579:
8570:
8557:
8528:
8504:Ronnie James Dio interview with
8498:
8455:
8446:
8437:
8428:
8407:
8398:
8389:
8380:
8335:
8313:
8304:
8272:
8246:
8237:
8207:
8186:
8167:
8033:
8015:
8006:
7997:
7976:
7958:
7862:
7813:
7796:
7775:
7762:
7731:
7722:
7713:
7704:
7650:
7622:
7613:
7587:
7578:
7553:
7544:
7535:
7446:
7425:
7399:
7334:
7314:
7222:
7213:
7183:
7174:
7165:
7156:
7147:
7056:
7047:
7038:
7011:
7002:
6982:
6967:
6954:
6941:
6932:
6835:
6263:Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry
5826:"Metal: A Headbanger's Journey".
5493:Cited in Weinstein (2000), p. 26
5424:. Psychology Press. p. 158.
5211:Heavy Metal Music Genre Overview
4665:
4513:New Wave of American Heavy Metal
4317:, a hybrid of extreme metal and
4005:has compared their sound to an "
3168:became international stars with
2908:Mainstream: late 1970s and 1980s
2474:. In October 1969, British band
2414:In January 1969, Led Zeppelin's
1888:Antecedents: 1950s to late 1960s
1600:, who used the term to describe
1477:, which "were imported from the
1311:alleged that the song was about
983:technique on the rhythm guitar.
949:
891:and rhythm is the main focus of
485:
14444:Progressive rock (radio format)
13167:New wave of British heavy metal
12650:
12140:McCleary, John Bassett (2004).
12069:. Manchester University Press.
11846:The Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal
11803:. Manchester University Press.
11754:Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen (1996).
11690:
11020:Trapp, Philip (21 April 2021).
10492:"The Ghosts of Glam Metal Past"
10436:A. Begrand (20 February 2006),
10296:
9992:. Metal CallOut. 17 August 2010
9178:. Retrieved on 27 February 2007
9172:"GenreâDeath Metal/Black Metal"
8906:"MegadethâArtist Chart History"
7599:Led Zeppelin â Official Website
6822:
6809:
6728:
6719:
6710:
6657:
6630:
6607:
6601:Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen (1996).
6595:
6577:
6574:Weinstein, pp. 46, 60, 154, 273
6568:
6531:
6522:
6513:
6504:
6477:
6468:
6451:
6425:
6347:
6323:
6314:
6305:
6247:
6197:Whitaker, Brian (2 June 2003).
6190:
6152:
6140:
6125:
6099:
6063:
6050:
5999:
5990:
5981:
5972:
5963:
5937:
5928:
5913:
5904:
5855:
5802:
5793:
5784:
5771:
5758:
5743:
5734:
5721:
5704:
5687:
5672:
5657:
5623:
5600:
5585:
5570:. Retrieved on 13 November 2007
5556:
5551:Lemmy: The Definitive Biography
5543:
5521:
5512:
5487:
5478:
5466:
5454:
5435:Grow, Kory (26 February 2010).
5428:
5413:
5404:
5395:
5371:Hodgson, Peter (9 April 2011).
5337:
5292:
5095:
4773:New Wave of British Heavy Metal
4657:
4487:, Witchcraft added elements of
4184:joined elements of funk, punk,
3914:, the debut album by U.K. band
3321:
2921:new wave of British heavy metal
2517:) were crucial in this regard.
1040:additional low-frequency sounds
592:new wave of British heavy metal
13308:
12363:. Edinburgh University Press.
12192:. Cambridge University Press.
12097:The Oxford Dictionary of Music
11459:(in Japanese). 7 November 2017
10895:. culture. Goats and Soda. NPR
10263:... it's essentially metalcore
8910:"AnthraxâArtist Chart History"
8829:"Anthrax: Persistence of Time"
8744:Steve Pond (20 October 1988).
8288:. 9 April 2016. Archived from
8126:Bentley, David (4 June 2013).
8103:Michaud, Jon (4 August 2013).
7443:, SAF Publishing, 2005, p. 175
7322:Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound
7320:Hoffmann, Frank (ed.) (2004).
6432:Strauss, Neil (18 June 1998).
6136:. Lexington Books. p. 38.
5634:Echo: A Music-Centered Journal
5582:Berry and Gianni (2003), p. 85
5553:. Orion Publishing Group, 2016
5228:
5203:
5150:
3922:fusion style of British bands
3780:, who, in their 1987 and 1988
3752:
3627:
3485:
3069:or "hair metal" bands such as
2188:, featured imagery of skulls,
1594:Hapshash and the Coloured Coat
1303:was asked to defend his song "
13:
1:
14700:Heavy metal music before 1970
12417:. Wesleyan University Press.
12361:American Culture in the 1980s
11948:Du Noyer, Paul (ed.) (2003).
11505:"Michael Wagener's Biography"
9978:. Metal CallOut. 7 April 2011
9417:. AllMusic; Henderson, Alex.
9340:"Dimmu Borgir's 'Death Cult'"
9327:"GenreâSymphonic Black Metal"
9057:, chart date: 6 November 1993
8827:Neely, Kim (4 October 1990).
8053:Allsop, Laura (1 July 2011).
7915:Popular Culture and Libraries
7464:, SAF Publishing, 200, p. 103
6990:Progressive Rock Reconsidered
6510:Weinstein, pp. 103, 7, 8, 104
5116:
5041:Parents Music Resource Center
3874:
3282:and the related subgenres of
2182:". Coven's 1969 debut album,
1329:Better by You, Better than Me
1285:Parents Music Resource Center
1103:and blues-derived features".
12585:Resources in other libraries
12473:Wilkerson, Mark Ian (2006).
12432:. Harvard University Press.
12378:. Rowman & Littlefield.
12374:Van Zoonen, Liesbet (2005).
12314:Sharpe-Young, Garry (2007).
12246:Pillsbury, Glenn T. (2006).
12232:Phillipov, Michelle (2012).
12206:. Indiana University Press.
11876:Rock Music Styles: A History
11874:Charlton, Katherine (2003).
11556:"Interview: Sharon Osbourne"
10699:"TesseracT Unveil New Video"
9435:Sharpe-Young, Garry (2003).
7770:"Relics, Pink Floyd: Review"
7550:McCleary (2004), pp. 240, 50
7287:Unterberger, Richie (2001).
6789:. No. 8. Archived from
6754:10.1080/19401159.2013.846655
6528:Weinstein, pp. 181, 207, 294
6459:"Odyssey of the Devil Horns"
6013:. In Cateforis, Theo (ed.).
5653:. Routledge. pp. 87â91.
5461:"Lesson four- Power chords".
5422:Movie Music, the Film Reader
5270:"Heavy Metal, Weighty Words"
4826:, issued their first album.
4493:self-titled 2005 debut album
4256:to hip-hop, often including
3967:major Louisiana sludge scene
3361:leads. Lyrics often express
2871:Black Sabbath's audience was
2345:and Blue Cheer's 1968 album
1555:
43:Heavy metal (disambiguation)
7:
14474:List of years in rock music
13172:Early Norwegian black metal
12458:. Revised edition: (2000).
12316:Metal: The Definitive Guide
12099:. Oxford University Press.
11995:. Oxford University Press.
11980:. Oxford University Press.
11937:. Oxford University Press.
11833:(London: Routledge, 2002),
11599:10.1057/978-1-137-55441-3_6
11591:Gender, Metal and the Media
10438:"The Sword: Age of Winters"
10392:"The Sword: Age of Winters"
10014:no. 75, Feb 2000, pp. 22â23
9537:Sharpe-Young (2007), p. 275
9488:. Retrieved on 8 April 2007
9460:"Genre â Progressive Metal"
9409:See, e.g., Reesman, Bryan.
8921:Phillipov (2012), p. 15, 16
8617:"Blackie Lawless Interview"
8547:(April 1991). "Motörhead".
8204:. Retrieved 5 February 2012
7912:Hoffmann, Frank W. (1984).
7841:. Hal Leonard Corporation.
7741:Iggy Pop: open up and bleed
7541:Weinstein (2000), pp. 14â15
7355:"Vanilla Fudge (Biography)"
7340:Charlton (2003), pp. 232â33
7259:. Hal Leonard Corporation.
7092:. New York: Rolling Stone.
7069:. No. 433. p. 39.
7044:Du Noyer (2003), pp. 96, 78
6906:Saunders, Mike (May 1971).
6698:. 4:06 â 4:21 minutes in.
5869:system which made B flat a
5055:... current in the music".
3524:, San Francisco Bay Area's
3512:emphasized the elements of
2468:I Want You (She's So Heavy)
2122:The Jimi Hendrix Experience
2027:, other guitarists such as
1776:in the May 1971 edition of
1710:the Jimi Hendrix Experience
1607:The Notorious Byrd Brothers
1071:Typical harmonic structures
986:Brief, abrupt and detached
566:; the blues-rooted rock of
10:
15100:
14579:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
12331:The Great Rock Discography
12329:Strong, Martin C. (2004).
12202:O'Neil, Robert M. (2001).
12129:. Helsinki: IAML Finland.
12036:Hainaut, BĂ©renger (2017).
11771:Rough Guide to Heavy Metal
10697:GuitarWorld Staff Member.
9748:Christe (2003), pp. 324â25
9714:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas.
8443:Christe (2003), pp. 30, 33
8342:Owen Adams (11 May 2009).
8154:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
7408:"Arthur Brown (Biography)"
7196:. Retrieved 30 August 2011
7024:. Routledge. p. 335.
7021:Encyclopedia of Percussion
6694:. "Arena: 'Heavy Metal'".
6637:Thorgerson, Storm (1999).
6331:"Hair Today Gone Tomorrow"
6083:. New York. Archived from
5045:Parent Teacher Association
4739:) and Federica Lanna from
4577:guitar chords, syncopated
4287:
4280:
4019:
3878:
3756:
3631:
3489:
3325:
2096:riffing between guitarist
2023:In addition to The Kinks'
1945:" (1958); the early 1960s
1891:
1882:
1488:
1351:
1230:
1156:In an article written for
1017:
979:attack created by using a
29:
14885:
14708:
14695:
14617:
14546:
14501:Electronics in rock music
14452:
14406:
14381:
14355:
14204:
14167:Hard rock and heavy metal
13960:
13892:
13827:
13820:
13770:
13694:
13661:Pub rock (United Kingdom)
13593:
13427:
13379:
13364:
13316:
13253:
13200:
13082:
12985:
12658:
12580:Resources in your library
12359:Thompson, Graham (2007).
12254:Rood, Karen Lane (1994).
12095:Kennedy, Michael (1985).
12051:Harrison, Thomas (2011).
11704:. Duke University Press.
10854:. Duke University Press.
10096:10.1007/s40806-018-0139-7
9798:. MTV.com. Archived from
9716:"Soundgarden (Biography)"
9690:"GenreâAlternative Metal"
9562:27 September 2008 at the
9049:, chart date: 30 May 1992
8814:Sharpe-Young (2007), p. 2
8635:Christe (2003), pp. 55â57
8413:Christe (2003), pp. 19â20
7898:". Grand Funk Railroad's
7503:Patterson, Dayal (2013).
7137:, 1992., pp. 24â27.
6951:, 4 February 1979, p. D22
6664:Palacios, Julian (2010).
6496:Weinstein, Deena (2009).
6275:10.1007/s11013-009-9138-2
5349:Wesleyan University Press
5030:
4860:was founded and featured
4747:) during a joint concert.
4521:Reckless & Relentless
4415:and Sweden's HammerFall.
4389:The Dillinger Escape Plan
4375:, performing at the 2007
3824:feature a keyboard-based
3733:was explored by Sweden's
3424:album chart in 1986 with
3004:No Sleep 'til Hammersmith
2394:21st Century Schizoid Man
1969:" (1963), which became a
492:2024 in heavy metal music
484:
438:
433:
399:
394:
288:
283:
178:
173:
104:
99:
91:
65:
57:
52:
15049:American styles of music
14479:Origins of rock and roll
12299:Schonbrun, Marc (2006).
12174:(2nd ed.). Feral House.
11962:Ekeroth, Daniel (2011),
11922:. Ticknor & Fields.
11919:Christgau's Record Guide
11861:Jeff Beck: Crazy Fingers
11859:Carson, Annette (2001).
11232:"Artists â LIv Kristine"
9904:Rutgers University Press
9857:Mudrian, Albert (2000).
9154:"Extreme Metal Drumming"
8707:. London. 3 October 2003
7256:Rhino's Psychedelic Trip
7219:McMichael (2004), p. 112
6964:, 13 August 1979, p. C16
6353:Weinstein (2000), p. 127
6320:Weinstein (2000), p. 129
5766:Glossary of Guitar Terms
5592:Cope, Andrew L. (2010).
5237:Judas Priest: Metal Gods
5186:History of Rock and Roll
5088:
5021:Electric Light Orchestra
4856:. In 1996, Finnish band
4704:What Are You Doing Here?
3782:Keeper of the Seven Keys
3252:subgenres of heavy metal
3194:Appetite for Destruction
2308:self-titled double album
1479:punk/hardcore subculture
1210:tradition, metal in the
811:often played overdriven
574:. During the mid-1970s,
15064:English styles of music
15059:British styles of music
14419:Adult album alternative
13112:Bangladeshi heavy metal
13102:Australian thrash metal
12428:Waksman, Steve (2001).
12344:Swinford, Dean (2013).
12155:McMichael, Joe (2004).
11816:The Rough Guide to Rock
11814:Buckley, Peter (2003).
11769:Berelian, Essi (2005).
11134:japannews.yomiuri.co.jp
10355:"Dawn of the Deathcore"
9398:"Helloween â Biography"
8892:Nicholls (1997), p. 378
8805:Weinstein (1991), p. 21
8672:Weinstein (1991), p. 45
8534:Weinstein (1991), p. 44
8434:Christgau (1981), p. 49
8327:12 January 2010 at the
8003:Charlton (2003), p. 239
7719:Bukszpan (2003), p. 141
7710:Bukszpan (2003), p. 288
7532:Charlton (2003), p. 241
7228:Weinstein (1991), p. 16
7180:Wilkerson (2006), p. 19
6938:Weinstein (1991), p. 19
6670:. Plexus. p. 170.
6519:Weinstein, pp. 102, 112
6388:Thompson (2007), p. 135
6336:6 December 2007 at the
6311:Weinstein (2000), p. 27
6222:. London. 4 August 2001
6015:The Rock History Reader
5996:Weinstein (1991), p. 36
5959:(subscription required)
5920:Walser, Robert (2014).
5892:Oxford University Press
5790:Schonbrun (2006), p. 22
5750:Walser, Robert (2014).
5664:Walser, Robert (1993).
5533:6 November 2015 at the
5518:Weinstein (2009), p. 24
5509:Weinstein (2000), p. 24
5484:Weinstein (2000), p. 26
5420:Dickinson, Kay (2003).
5343:Walser, Robert (1993).
5334:Weinstein (2000), p. 23
5289:Weinstein (2000), p. 25
4763:, was founded in 1975;
4133:, which was founded by
3689:Although bands such as
3612:, led by bands such as
3479:Countdown to Extinction
2879:, in the stagecraft of
2711:As Safe As Yesterday Is
2706:self-titled third album
2604:self-titled debut album
2416:self-titled debut album
2282:self-titled debut album
1996:of the era. Bands like
1677:Got Live If You Want It
1543:Musician and filmmaker
887:is the main element of
14511:Rock Against Communism
13910:Brazilian thrash metal
13235:Heavy metal subculture
13147:Indigenous metal music
13122:Brazilian thrash metal
13107:Australian heavy metal
12288:(1st ed.). MacMillan.
11848:. Barnes & Noble.
11799:Blake, Andrew (1997).
11509:www.michaelwagener.com
11238:. 2012. Archived from
10064:(Oxford: Berg, 2007),
9784:Christe (2003), p. 328
9775:Christe (2003), p. 344
9766:Christe (2003), p. 324
9757:Christe (2003), p. 329
9739:Christe (2003), p. 224
9676:Christe (2003), p. 322
9667:Christe (2003), p. 312
9658:Christe (2003), p. 305
9644:. RIAA. Archived from
9584:Christe (2003), p. 231
9546:Christe (2003), p. 347
9471:Christe (2003), p. 345
9388:Christe (2003), p. 372
9286:Christe (2003), p. 276
9271:"In the Face of Death"
9231:Christe (2003), p. 270
9124:Ekeroth, Daniel (2011)
8983:Harrison (2011), p. 60
8939:Harrison (2011), p. 61
8734:Christe (2003), p. 165
8525:#11, October 1996, p27
8243:Fast (2001), pp. 70â71
7878:in 1989. In November,
7406:Unterberger, Ritchie.
7192:. Richie Unterberger.
7162:Buckley (2003) p. 1144
7018:Beck, John H. (2013).
7008:Waksman (2001), p. 262
6179:, Oxford: Berg, 2007,
6011:"The Cult of Violence"
5969:Wagner, Wilson, p. 156
4748:
4624:by singer-songwriters
4601:. Djent bands include
4380:
4216:(and vice versa); and
4157:
4062:
3953:In the United States,
3934:gave rise to European
3772:
3508:
3470:self-titled 1991 album
3388:. Three German bands,
3341:
3247:
3032:self-titled 1978 album
2923:
2893:
2648:
2466:containing the track "
2411:
2284:, on which the track "
2224:
2058:psychedelic experience
1985:
1690:wrote about the album
1524:
1491:Heavy metal subculture
1422:
1366:
1272:
1146:
1114:"the devil in music".
963:
945:Rhythmic Pattern Audio
851:
746:
669:became â and remain â
633:. Meanwhile, however,
421:San Francisco Bay Area
41:. For other uses, see
15079:1970s fads and trends
15054:European music genres
15044:History of rock music
14533:Rockism and poptimism
13993:British rock and roll
13187:Teutonic thrash metal
13117:Bay Area thrash metal
13097:Argentine heavy metal
12712:Blackened death metal
12600:Encyclopedia Metallum
12528:Dawes, Laina (2022).
12389:Wagner, Jeff (2010).
11844:Bukszpan, D. (2003),
10914:Dawes, Laina (2022).
10481:Sharpe-Young, Garry,
9377:"Genre â Power Metal"
9346:on 31 October 2007).
8663:Christe (2003), p. 79
8622:25 April 2011 at the
8585:Christe (2003), p. 51
8576:Christe (2003), p. 25
8452:Christe (2003), p. 33
8404:Christe (2003), p. 54
8395:Walker (2001), p. 297
8105:"Keeping the Sabbath"
7738:Trynka, Paul (2007).
7324:, Routledge, p. 1725
7135:Duke University Press
6992:, (Routledge, 2002),
6853:Lucian K. Truscott IV
6716:Christe (2003), p. 10
6640:100 Best Album Covers
6623:14 April 2007 at the
6555:Qualitative Sociology
6342:Star Weekend Magazine
5568:Modern Drummer Online
5017:the Smashing Pumpkins
4921:, headed by vocalist
4819:, fronted by pioneer
4730:
4371:
4288:Further information:
4147:
4100:released their album
4049:
4020:Further information:
3911:Forest of Equilibrium
3766:
3731:symphonic black metal
3576:. Frequent tempo and
3499:
3354:Bay Area thrash metal
3335:
3293:In 1990, a review in
3234:
2915:
2869:
2861:, which debuted with
2840:, which debuted with
2631:
2402:
2219:
1979:
1795:popular music critic
1714:Lucian K. Truscott IV
1498:
1412:
1361:
1267:
1133:
930:
837:
741:
717:played an overdriven
14368:Sahara desert region
13656:Pub rock (Australia)
13127:Canadian heavy metal
12596:"The Metal Archives"
12513:. Bazillion Points.
12157:The Who Concert File
12038:Le Style black metal
11991:Fast, Susan (2001).
11966:. Bazillion Points.
11710:10.2307/j.ctv1220q3v
11593:. pp. 133â158.
11400:(16 November 2020).
10860:10.2307/j.ctv1220q3v
10637:Rivadavia, Eduardo.
10423:8 March 2007 at the
9484:. 15 February 2006.
9086:18 July 2006 at the
9067:Rivadavia, Eduardo.
8948:Walser (1993), p. 15
8863:"GenreâThrash Metal"
8681:Walser (1993), p. 12
8603:Rivadavia, Eduardo.
8425:Walser (1993), p. 11
8361:Rivadavia, Eduardo.
8192:Guarisco, Donald A.
8055:"Birmingham, England
8012:Wagner (2010), p. 10
7619:Blake (1997), p. 143
7210:Walser (1993), p. 10
7080:Miller, Jim (1980).
6819:, 11 May 1968. p. 20
6643:. DK. p. 1969.
6614:Burroughs, William S
6401:(11 November 2007).
6175:Kahn-Harris, Keith,
6087:on 12 September 2010
6075:"Nothing's Shocking"
5948:. Grove Music Online
5934:Walser (1993), p. 58
5799:Walser (1993), p. 46
5606:Arnett (1996), p. 14
4900:Love Bites (So Do I)
4787:. Starting in 1982,
4783:under the pseudonym
4723:Women in heavy metal
4540:Bring Me the Horizon
4348:The End of Heartache
4061:, performing in 1992
3908:The 1991 release of
3618:Extreme Noise Terror
3262:, as well as critic
2786:Yesterday's Children
2430:Atlanta Pop Festival
2262:released a cover of
2066:13th Floor Elevators
1754:Safe as Yesterday Is
1574:William S. Burroughs
1198:." Kurt Bachmann of
1112:diabolus in musica â
1010:) to extremely fast
14559:List of rock genres
14521:Rock Against Sexism
14516:Rock Against Racism
14424:Album-oriented rock
13182:Swedish death metal
13137:Florida death metal
13132:Chinese heavy metal
13092:African heavy metal
12890:Neue Deutsche HĂ€rte
12144:. Ten Speed Press.
12125:Lilja, Esa (2009).
11964:Swedish Death Metal
11788:. See Sharp Press.
10541:. 14 September 2009
10149:famouscampaigns.com
10143:Campaigns, Famous.
10027:... have developed
9976:"Killswitch Engage"
9796:"Nu Metal Meltdown"
9593:Birchmeier, Jason.
8883:Walser (1993), p.14
8788:4 June 2012 at the
8746:"Jane's Addiction:
7658:"I See You: Review"
7601:. 20 September 2007
7293:. Hal Corporation.
6988:Kevin Holm-Hudson,
6884:on 30 November 2007
6847:30 May 2020 at the
6830:Seattle Daily Times
6725:Walser (1993), p. 8
6413:on 11 November 2007
6373:3 June 2008 at the
6073:(13 October 1998).
5844:Advanced Musicology
5812:, April 1997, p. 29
5781:, April 1997, p. 97
5740:Walser (1993), p. 2
5731:, April 1997, p. 99
5718:. 20 September 2013
5620:Walser (1993), p. 9
5439:. Revolver magazine
5225:Walser (1993), p. 6
5183:Tom Larson (2004).
4599:nine-string guitars
4339:melodic death metal
3985:helped develop the
3620:, emerged from the
3455:far-right skinheads
3437:And Justice for All
3365:views or deal with
3245:Suicidal Tendencies
3171:The Final Countdown
3030:", from the band's
2653:Grand Funk Railroad
2543:city full of noisy
2527:in which guitarist
2514:Deep Purple in Rock
2426:Grand Funk Railroad
2370:I Wanna Be Your Dog
2127:Are You Experienced
2035:and The Yardbirds'
1761:self-titled release
1759:the band's latest,
1741:Metal Mike Saunders
1706:Seattle Daily Times
1461:The performance of
1354:Heavy metal fashion
838:Enid Williams from
815:in his bass lines.
426:Florida death metal
27:Genre of rock music
13157:Les LĂ©gions Noires
12885:Neoclassical metal
12695:National Socialist
12477:. Bad News Press.
12053:Music of the 1980s
11863:. Backbeat Books.
11758:. Westview Press.
11586:"Metal and Sexism"
11350:. 17 November 2017
10829:. 13 December 2019
10734:. Stereoboard.com.
9802:on 8 February 2007
9613:. Voyageur Press.
9555:Jackowiak, Jason.
9437:A-Z of Power Metal
9413:Glory to the Brave
9189:Kahn-Harris, Keith
9152:Van Schaik, Mark.
8748:Nothing's Shocking
7888:Forms and Feelings
7636:The New York Times
6741:Rock Music Studies
6457:Appleford, Steve.
6438:The New York Times
6362:Pospiszyl, TomĂĄĆĄ.
6244:. 5 September 2013
6242:The Christian Post
5824:Dunn, Sam (2005).
5683:. SpinMedia Group.
5566:, 17 August 2006.
5274:The New York Times
4943:Christina Aguilera
4850:Theatre of Tragedy
4749:
4677:. You can help by
4499:-ish organs" and "
4381:
4190:experimental music
4158:
4156:performing in 2010
4063:
3981:, while Seattle's
3965:were leaders in a
3940:Theatre of Tragedy
3867:, whose guitarist
3773:
3737:and Switzerland's
3725:, moved toward an
3584:are also typical.
3509:
3342:
3336:Thrash metal band
3318:" sound the same.
3264:Garry Sharpe-Young
3248:
3204:Nothing's Shocking
3016:their opening band
2960:took notice, with
2924:
2830:neoclassical metal
2657:Sir Lord Baltimore
2649:
2617:Smoke on the Water
2448:Woodstock Festival
2412:
2342:In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida
2333:In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida
2225:
1998:The Rolling Stones
1986:
1768:Sir Lord Baltimore
1693:A Long Time Comin'
1672:the Rolling Stones
1525:
1423:
1367:
1273:
1251:Fairies Wear Boots
1233:Heavy metal lyrics
1159:Grove Music Online
1147:
964:
852:
756:tightly compressed
747:
745:performing in 2005
701:The New York Times
635:underground scenes
617:During the 1980s,
527:guitars, extended
249:neoclassical metal
32:heavy metal genres
15039:Rock music genres
15034:Heavy metal music
15021:
15020:
14649:
14648:
14574:Progressive music
14402:
14401:
13840:Palm Desert Scene
13816:
13815:
13490:Experimental rock
13387:Instrumental rock
13276:
13275:
12935:Progressive metal
12680:Beatdown hardcore
12675:Avant-garde metal
12670:Alternative metal
12571:Heavy metal music
12566:Library resources
12540:10.7916/msfp-xx60
12502:978-0-06-195828-1
12488:Wiederhorn, Jon.
12405:978-0-9796163-3-4
12354:978-0-9883484-3-1
12324:978-1-906002-01-5
12318:. Jawbone Press.
12262:. Gale Research.
12242:978-0-7391-6459-4
12236:Lexington Books.
12159:. Omnibus Press.
12135:978-952-5363-35-7
12090:978-2-913169-24-1
12061:978-0-313-36599-7
12046:978-2-919046-21-8
12031:978-2-913169-24-1
11972:978-0-9796163-1-0
11935:Music and Emotion
11913:Master of Reality
11908:Christgau, Robert
11896:. HarperCollins.
11608:978-1-137-55440-6
11483:www.hercampus.com
10926:10.7916/msfp-xx60
10802:Alternative Press
10639:"Concealing Fate"
10509:Begrand, Adrien.
10498:on 8 January 2011
10033:Keith Kahn-Harris
9869:. p. 222â223
9480:Begrand, Adrien.
9446:978-1-901447-13-2
9338:Tepedelen, Adem.
9206:978-1-84520-399-3
9069:"DeathâBiography"
9026:. 22 January 2015
9000:. 22 January 2015
8965:. 22 January 2015
8841:on 8 January 2008
8760:on 2 October 2007
8214:Henderson, Alex.
8130:. Birmingham Post
7892:Aram Khachaturian
7882:, with guitarist
7870:Mountain Climbing
7755:978-0-7679-2319-4
7489:on 8 August 2020.
7385:. Popular Press.
7238:Heavy metal music
7099:978-0-394-51322-5
7031:978-1-317-74768-0
6803:pastemagazine.com
6779:(February 1967).
6583:Weinstein, p. 166
6474:Weinstein, p. 130
6199:"Highway to Hell"
6162:. 24 August 2015.
6080:The Village Voice
6071:Christgau, Robert
6024:978-0-415-97501-8
5562:Dawson, Michael.
5196:978-0-7872-9969-9
4874:Within Temptation
4844:joined Norwegian
4811:was a pioneer in
4695:
4694:
4645:Miss Anthropocene
4571:progressive metal
4559:That's the Spirit
4526:Asking Alexandria
4409:Children of Bodom
4373:Children of Bodom
4343:Killswitch Engage
4302:Melodic metalcore
4121:Far Beyond Driven
4059:alternative metal
4022:Alternative metal
3841:progressive metal
3826:"symphonic" sound
3693:had been donning
3427:Master of Puppets
3219:and New Jersey's
3213:alternative metal
3161:Slippery When Wet
2560:Ritchie Blackmore
2454:" from the album
2452:Mississippi Queen
2316:The Pretty Things
2202:sign of the horns
2018:You Really Got Me
1955:Let's Go Trippin'
1935:Cotton Crop Blues
1925:and particularly
1576:. His 1961 novel
1405:Physical gestures
1348:Image and fashion
1172:Ritchie Blackmore
1135:Ritchie Blackmore
955:
912:Within Temptation
659:extreme subgenres
582:influence, while
498:
497:
462:list of festivals
416:Palm Desert Scene
254:progressive metal
182:Alternative metal
108:Avant-garde metal
66:Stylistic origins
37:Heavy Metal Music
16:(Redirected from
15091:
14676:
14669:
14662:
14653:
14652:
14637:
14625:
14624:
14494:Rhythm and blues
14469:British Invasion
13825:
13824:
13702:Alternative rock
13641:Post-progressive
13550:Psychedelic rock
13545:Progressive rock
13377:
13376:
13373:
13367:decade of origin
13303:
13296:
13289:
13280:
13279:
13266:
13265:
13215:Environmentalism
12986:Musical elements
12970:Crossover thrash
12848:Industrial metal
12645:
12638:
12631:
12622:
12621:
12611:
12603:
12554:
12543:
12524:
12444:Weinstein, Deena
12397:Bazillion Points
12348:. Atlatl Press.
12276:
12261:
11818:. Rough Guides.
11731:
11684:
11683:
11681:
11679:
11662:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11651:
11634:
11628:
11627:
11625:
11623:
11588:
11580:
11571:
11570:
11568:
11566:
11552:
11546:
11545:
11543:
11541:
11534:BLABBERMOUTH.NET
11526:
11520:
11519:
11517:
11515:
11501:
11495:
11494:
11492:
11490:
11475:
11469:
11468:
11466:
11464:
11449:
11443:
11442:
11440:
11438:
11423:
11417:
11416:
11414:
11412:
11398:Spanos, Brittany
11394:
11388:
11387:
11385:
11383:
11366:
11360:
11359:
11357:
11355:
11338:
11332:
11331:
11329:
11327:
11312:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11301:
11286:
11280:
11279:
11277:
11275:
11258:
11252:
11251:
11249:
11247:
11242:on 16 April 2014
11228:
11222:
11221:
11219:
11217:
11202:
11196:
11195:
11193:
11191:
11176:
11170:
11169:
11167:
11165:
11151:
11145:
11144:
11142:
11140:
11125:
11119:
11118:
11116:
11114:
11099:
11093:
11092:
11090:
11088:
11073:
11067:
11066:
11064:
11062:
11057:on 23 March 2018
11053:. Archived from
11043:
11037:
11036:
11034:
11032:
11017:
11011:
11010:
11008:
11006:
10991:
10985:
10984:
10982:
10980:
10975:. 18 August 2021
10965:
10959:
10958:
10956:
10954:
10945:
10936:
10930:
10929:
10911:
10905:
10904:
10902:
10900:
10888:
10882:
10881:
10845:
10839:
10838:
10836:
10834:
10819:
10813:
10812:
10810:
10808:
10793:
10787:
10786:
10784:
10782:
10768:
10762:
10761:
10759:
10757:
10743:
10737:
10736:(3 October 2011)
10735:
10727:
10721:
10719:
10717:
10715:
10694:
10688:
10687:
10678:Kennelty, Greg.
10675:
10669:
10659:
10653:
10652:
10649:Rovi Corporation
10634:
10628:
10626:
10608:
10602:
10600:
10595:. Archived from
10578:
10569:
10568:
10557:
10551:
10550:
10548:
10546:
10529:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10518:
10513:. PopMatters.com
10507:
10505:
10503:
10479:
10473:
10472:
10456:
10450:
10449:
10433:
10427:
10410:
10404:
10403:
10387:
10378:
10376:
10350:
10344:
10343:
10341:
10339:
10334:on 14 March 2012
10330:. Archived from
10322:Marsicano, Dan.
10319:
10313:
10312:
10309:Rovi Corporation
10294:
10288:
10286:
10278:
10272:
10270:
10266:
10262:
10254:
10248:
10247:
10242:, archived from
10232:
10226:
10225:
10220:, archived from
10210:
10204:
10203:
10198:, archived from
10188:
10182:
10181:
10176:, archived from
10166:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10155:
10140:
10134:
10133:
10131:
10129:
10114:
10108:
10107:
10079:
10073:
10060:K. Kahn-Harris,
10058:
10052:
10026:
10021:
10015:
10008:
10002:
10001:
9999:
9997:
9987:
9985:
9983:
9972:
9966:
9953:Mason, Stewart.
9951:
9945:
9944:
9938:
9936:
9931:on 27 March 2012
9927:. Archived from
9921:
9915:
9896:
9890:
9888:
9879:
9870:
9855:
9846:
9827:
9821:
9818:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9807:
9791:
9785:
9782:
9776:
9773:
9767:
9764:
9758:
9755:
9749:
9746:
9740:
9737:
9731:
9730:
9728:
9726:
9711:
9705:
9704:
9702:
9700:
9686:
9677:
9674:
9668:
9665:
9659:
9656:
9650:
9649:
9638:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9627:
9604:
9598:
9591:
9585:
9582:
9576:
9573:
9567:
9553:
9547:
9544:
9538:
9535:
9529:
9515:
9509:
9498:
9489:
9478:
9472:
9469:
9463:
9457:
9451:
9450:
9432:
9426:
9407:
9401:
9395:
9389:
9386:
9380:
9374:
9368:
9357:
9351:
9336:
9330:
9324:
9318:
9313:Vikernes, Varg.
9311:
9305:
9302:
9296:
9293:
9287:
9284:
9278:
9269:Campion, Chris.
9267:
9258:
9255:
9249:
9238:
9232:
9229:
9223:
9220:
9211:
9210:
9185:
9179:
9169:
9160:
9150:
9139:
9136:
9125:
9122:
9116:
9115:
9113:
9111:
9097:
9091:
9078:
9072:
9065:
9059:
9042:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9031:
9020:"Top 200 Albums"
9016:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9005:
8994:"Top 200 Albums"
8990:
8984:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8959:"Top 200 Albums"
8955:
8949:
8946:
8940:
8937:
8931:
8928:
8922:
8919:
8913:
8899:
8893:
8890:
8884:
8881:
8875:
8872:
8866:
8860:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8837:. Archived from
8824:
8815:
8812:
8806:
8803:
8797:
8779:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8765:
8756:. Archived from
8741:
8735:
8732:
8726:
8723:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8712:
8697:
8691:
8688:
8682:
8679:
8673:
8670:
8664:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8642:
8636:
8633:
8627:
8601:
8595:
8592:
8586:
8583:
8577:
8574:
8568:
8561:
8555:
8554:
8550:Record Collector
8541:
8535:
8532:
8526:
8515:Friday Rock Show
8502:
8496:
8495:
8493:
8491:
8478:
8476:
8474:
8459:
8453:
8450:
8444:
8441:
8435:
8432:
8426:
8423:
8414:
8411:
8405:
8402:
8396:
8393:
8387:
8384:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8373:
8358:
8352:
8351:
8339:
8333:
8332:12 November 1970
8319:Saunders, Mike.
8317:
8311:
8308:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8297:
8292:on 30 April 2016
8276:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8265:
8250:
8244:
8241:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8230:
8211:
8205:
8190:
8184:
8180:
8171:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8146:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8123:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8112:
8107:. The New Yorker
8100:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8089:
8077:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8058:
8050:
8044:
8037:
8031:
8030:
8019:
8013:
8010:
8004:
8001:
7995:
7989:
7983:
7980:
7974:
7973:
7962:
7956:
7955:
7953:
7951:
7939:Ulibas, Joseph.
7936:
7930:
7929:
7909:
7903:
7866:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7832:
7823:
7817:
7811:
7800:
7794:
7779:
7773:
7766:
7760:
7759:
7735:
7729:
7726:
7720:
7717:
7711:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7682:
7673:
7667:
7661:
7656:Mason, Stewart.
7654:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7643:
7626:
7620:
7617:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7606:
7591:
7585:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7557:
7551:
7548:
7542:
7539:
7533:
7530:
7521:
7520:
7500:
7491:
7490:
7485:. Archived from
7474:
7465:
7452:Polly Marshall,
7450:
7444:
7431:Polly Marshall,
7429:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7403:
7397:
7396:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7350:
7341:
7338:
7332:
7318:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7250:
7244:
7235:
7229:
7226:
7220:
7217:
7211:
7208:
7197:
7187:
7181:
7178:
7172:
7169:
7163:
7160:
7154:
7151:
7145:
7124:
7115:
7114:
7108:
7106:
7085:
7077:
7071:
7070:
7060:
7054:
7051:
7045:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7015:
7009:
7006:
7000:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6971:
6965:
6960:Rockwell, John.
6958:
6952:
6947:Rockwell, John.
6945:
6939:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6916:. Archived from
6903:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6880:. Archived from
6869:
6860:
6839:
6833:
6826:
6820:
6815:Gifford, Barry.
6813:
6807:
6806:
6800:
6798:
6793:on 28 March 2020
6773:
6767:
6766:
6756:
6732:
6726:
6723:
6717:
6714:
6708:
6707:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6661:
6655:
6654:
6634:
6628:
6611:
6605:
6599:
6593:
6590:
6584:
6581:
6575:
6572:
6566:
6551:
6542:
6535:
6529:
6526:
6520:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6493:
6484:
6483:Weinstein, p. 95
6481:
6475:
6472:
6466:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6409:. Archived from
6395:
6389:
6386:
6377:
6360:
6354:
6351:
6345:
6327:
6321:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6260:
6251:
6245:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6194:
6188:
6173:
6164:
6163:
6156:
6150:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6129:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6067:
6061:
6056:Cope, Andrew L.
6054:
6048:
6045:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6003:
5997:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5979:
5976:
5970:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5944:Walser, Robert.
5941:
5935:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5902:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5838:
5829:
5822:
5813:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5791:
5788:
5782:
5775:
5769:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5732:
5725:
5719:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5646:
5637:
5627:
5621:
5618:
5607:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5571:
5560:
5554:
5547:
5541:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5510:
5507:
5494:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5444:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5402:
5401:Weinstein, p. 24
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5383:on 13 April 2011
5379:. Archived from
5368:
5359:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5321:
5320:
5314:
5312:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5278:
5266:
5257:
5254:
5248:
5232:
5226:
5223:
5214:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5127:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5099:
5071:Ronnie James Dio
5054:
5049:Robert Christgau
5023:, Lita Ford and
4731:Giada Etro from
4690:
4687:
4669:
4662:
4550:U.K. Album Chart
4524:by British band
4503:-worthy chordal
4473:and Australia's
4438:, hardcore punk
4397:Protest the Hero
4214:industrial sound
4200:; bands such as
4198:progressive rock
4196:mixed metal and
4135:Jane's Addiction
4106:, also known as
4075:alternative rock
4038:Industrial metal
3832:and Argentina's
3818:Rhapsody of Fire
3769:Rhapsody of Fire
3646:, Switzerland's
3560:", high-pitched
3505:Chuck Schuldiner
3436:
3316:Mother Love Bone
3256:crossover thrash
3241:crossover thrash
3199:Jane's Addiction
3181:Headbangers Ball
3136:music television
3049:, bands such as
2981:Ronnie James Dio
2903:
2898:Robert Christgau
2890:
2874:
2853:
2810:Ronnie James Dio
2673:Blue Ăyster Cult
2668:Blue Ăyster Cult
2584:
2580:
2347:Vincebus Eruptum
2273:Vincebus Eruptum
2268:Summertime Blues
2194:inverted crosses
2124:'s debut album,
2084:
2049:psychedelic rock
1941:, particularly "
1898:Psychedelic rock
1613:Metal historian
1579:The Soft Machine
1437:Ronnie James Dio
1325:Suicide Solution
1290:Robert Christgau
1196:Yngwie Malmsteen
1057:diminished fifth
1026:, generally the
1008:beats per minute
957:
956:
923:Rhythm and tempo
918:Musical language
732:Led Zeppelin III
727:Moog synthesizer
517:psychedelic rock
507:) is a genre of
489:
488:
239:industrial metal
92:Cultural origins
83:psychedelic rock
50:
49:
21:
18:Heavy metal band
15099:
15098:
15094:
15093:
15092:
15090:
15089:
15088:
15024:
15023:
15022:
15017:
14881:
14704:
14691:
14680:
14650:
14645:
14613:
14542:
14462:
14448:
14434:Mainstream rock
14398:
14377:
14351:
14200:
13956:
13888:
13821:Regional scenes
13812:
13766:
13690:
13631:Industrial rock
13589:
13485:Electronic rock
13423:
13371:
13370:(sub-subgenres
13369:
13368:
13366:
13360:
13339:Electric guitar
13312:
13307:
13277:
13272:
13249:
13196:
13192:Ukrainian metal
13142:Hungarian metal
13084:
13078:
13020:Gallop drumbeat
12981:
12960:Symphonic metal
12722:Christian metal
12661:
12654:
12649:
12617:for heavy metal
12606:
12594:
12591:
12590:
12589:
12574:
12573:
12569:
12562:
12557:
12521:
12303:. Adams Media.
12270:
12186:Nicholls, David
11878:. McGraw Hill.
11720:
11693:
11688:
11687:
11677:
11675:
11663:
11659:
11649:
11647:
11635:
11631:
11621:
11619:
11609:
11581:
11574:
11564:
11562:
11554:
11553:
11549:
11539:
11537:
11528:
11527:
11523:
11513:
11511:
11503:
11502:
11498:
11488:
11486:
11477:
11476:
11472:
11462:
11460:
11451:
11450:
11446:
11436:
11434:
11433:. 17 March 2016
11425:
11424:
11420:
11410:
11408:
11395:
11391:
11381:
11379:
11369:Baltin, Steve.
11367:
11363:
11353:
11351:
11340:
11339:
11335:
11325:
11323:
11321:Metal Injection
11313:
11309:
11299:
11297:
11288:
11287:
11283:
11273:
11271:
11260:
11259:
11255:
11245:
11243:
11230:
11229:
11225:
11215:
11213:
11203:
11199:
11189:
11187:
11177:
11173:
11163:
11161:
11153:
11152:
11148:
11138:
11136:
11126:
11122:
11112:
11110:
11100:
11096:
11086:
11084:
11082:Metal Injection
11074:
11070:
11060:
11058:
11045:
11044:
11040:
11030:
11028:
11018:
11014:
11004:
11002:
10992:
10988:
10978:
10976:
10967:
10966:
10962:
10952:
10950:
10943:
10937:
10933:
10912:
10908:
10898:
10896:
10889:
10885:
10870:
10846:
10842:
10832:
10830:
10821:
10820:
10816:
10806:
10804:
10794:
10790:
10780:
10778:
10770:
10769:
10765:
10755:
10753:
10745:
10744:
10740:
10728:
10724:
10720:(16 March 2011)
10713:
10711:
10695:
10691:
10684:Metal Injection
10676:
10672:
10660:
10656:
10635:
10631:
10609:
10605:
10599:on 17 May 2016.
10581:Bowcott, Nick.
10579:
10572:
10559:
10558:
10554:
10544:
10542:
10531:
10530:
10526:
10516:
10514:
10501:
10499:
10490:Edward, James.
10480:
10476:
10457:
10453:
10434:
10430:
10425:Wayback Machine
10411:
10407:
10388:
10381:
10351:
10347:
10337:
10335:
10320:
10316:
10295:
10291:
10284:
10279:
10275:
10268:
10264:
10260:
10255:
10251:
10234:
10233:
10229:
10212:
10211:
10207:
10190:
10189:
10185:
10168:
10167:
10163:
10153:
10151:
10141:
10137:
10127:
10125:
10116:
10115:
10111:
10080:
10076:
10059:
10055:
10041:Berg Publishers
10024:
10022:
10018:
10009:
10005:
9995:
9993:
9988:
9981:
9979:
9974:
9973:
9969:
9952:
9948:
9934:
9932:
9923:
9922:
9918:
9898:Ross Haenfler,
9897:
9893:
9886:
9880:
9873:
9861:. Feral House.
9856:
9849:
9828:
9824:
9819:
9815:
9805:
9803:
9792:
9788:
9783:
9779:
9774:
9770:
9765:
9761:
9756:
9752:
9747:
9743:
9738:
9734:
9724:
9722:
9712:
9708:
9698:
9696:
9688:
9687:
9680:
9675:
9671:
9666:
9662:
9657:
9653:
9648:on 1 July 2007.
9640:
9639:
9635:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9605:
9601:
9592:
9588:
9583:
9579:
9574:
9570:
9564:Wayback Machine
9554:
9550:
9545:
9541:
9536:
9532:
9516:
9512:
9499:
9492:
9479:
9475:
9470:
9466:
9458:
9454:
9447:
9433:
9429:
9421:Sonic Firestorm
9408:
9404:
9396:
9392:
9387:
9383:
9375:
9371:
9358:
9354:
9337:
9333:
9325:
9321:
9312:
9308:
9303:
9299:
9294:
9290:
9285:
9281:
9268:
9261:
9256:
9252:
9239:
9235:
9230:
9226:
9221:
9214:
9207:
9197:Berg Publishers
9186:
9182:
9170:
9163:
9151:
9142:
9137:
9128:
9123:
9119:
9109:
9107:
9099:
9098:
9094:
9088:Wayback Machine
9079:
9075:
9066:
9062:
9043:
9039:
9029:
9027:
9018:
9017:
9013:
9003:
9001:
8992:
8991:
8987:
8982:
8978:
8968:
8966:
8957:
8956:
8952:
8947:
8943:
8938:
8934:
8929:
8925:
8920:
8916:
8900:
8896:
8891:
8887:
8882:
8878:
8873:
8869:
8861:
8854:
8844:
8842:
8825:
8818:
8813:
8809:
8804:
8800:
8790:Wayback Machine
8780:
8773:
8763:
8761:
8742:
8738:
8733:
8729:
8724:
8720:
8710:
8708:
8699:
8698:
8694:
8689:
8685:
8680:
8676:
8671:
8667:
8662:
8658:
8643:
8639:
8634:
8630:
8624:Wayback Machine
8602:
8598:
8593:
8589:
8584:
8580:
8575:
8571:
8563:Popoff (2011),
8562:
8558:
8542:
8538:
8533:
8529:
8503:
8499:
8489:
8487:
8479:
8472:
8470:
8460:
8456:
8451:
8447:
8442:
8438:
8433:
8429:
8424:
8417:
8412:
8408:
8403:
8399:
8394:
8390:
8385:
8381:
8371:
8369:
8359:
8355:
8348:theguardian.com
8340:
8336:
8329:Wayback Machine
8318:
8314:
8309:
8305:
8295:
8293:
8278:
8277:
8273:
8263:
8261:
8259:Nydailynews.com
8251:
8247:
8242:
8238:
8228:
8226:
8212:
8208:
8191:
8187:
8178:
8172:
8168:
8158:
8156:
8150:"Black Sabbath"
8148:
8147:
8143:
8133:
8131:
8124:
8120:
8110:
8108:
8101:
8097:
8087:
8085:
8078:
8074:
8064:
8062:
8056:
8051:
8047:
8038:
8034:
8021:
8020:
8016:
8011:
8007:
8002:
7998:
7993:AllMusic Review
7990:
7986:
7981:
7977:
7964:
7963:
7959:
7949:
7947:
7937:
7933:
7926:
7910:
7906:
7867:
7863:
7853:
7851:
7849:
7833:
7826:
7818:
7814:
7802:Fricke, David.
7801:
7797:
7780:
7776:
7768:Kellman, Andy.
7767:
7763:
7756:
7736:
7732:
7727:
7723:
7718:
7714:
7709:
7705:
7695:
7693:
7683:
7676:
7668:
7664:
7655:
7651:
7641:
7639:
7627:
7623:
7618:
7614:
7604:
7602:
7593:
7592:
7588:
7583:
7579:
7569:
7567:
7559:
7558:
7554:
7549:
7545:
7540:
7536:
7531:
7524:
7517:
7509:. Feral House.
7501:
7494:
7475:
7468:
7451:
7447:
7430:
7426:
7416:
7414:
7404:
7400:
7393:
7377:
7373:
7363:
7361:
7351:
7344:
7339:
7335:
7319:
7315:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7285:
7281:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7251:
7247:
7236:
7232:
7227:
7223:
7218:
7214:
7209:
7200:
7190:"The Yardbirds"
7188:
7184:
7179:
7175:
7170:
7166:
7161:
7157:
7152:
7148:
7125:
7118:
7104:
7102:
7100:
7078:
7074:
7061:
7057:
7052:
7048:
7043:
7039:
7032:
7016:
7012:
7007:
7003:
6987:
6983:
6972:
6968:
6959:
6955:
6946:
6942:
6937:
6933:
6923:
6921:
6920:on 8 March 2007
6904:
6897:
6887:
6885:
6870:
6863:
6849:Wayback Machine
6840:
6836:
6827:
6823:
6814:
6810:
6796:
6794:
6777:Pearlman, Sandy
6774:
6770:
6733:
6729:
6724:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6696:Arena (Tv show)
6690:
6689:
6685:
6678:
6662:
6658:
6651:
6635:
6631:
6625:Wayback Machine
6612:
6608:
6600:
6596:
6591:
6587:
6582:
6578:
6573:
6569:
6552:
6545:
6536:
6532:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6514:
6509:
6505:
6494:
6487:
6482:
6478:
6473:
6469:
6456:
6452:
6442:
6440:
6430:
6426:
6416:
6414:
6396:
6392:
6387:
6380:
6375:Wayback Machine
6361:
6357:
6352:
6348:
6338:Wayback Machine
6329:Rahman, Nader.
6328:
6324:
6319:
6315:
6310:
6306:
6258:
6252:
6248:
6239:
6235:
6225:
6223:
6214:
6207:
6205:
6195:
6191:
6174:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6145:
6141:
6130:
6126:
6116:
6114:
6112:Huffington Post
6104:
6100:
6090:
6088:
6068:
6064:
6055:
6051:
6046:
6039:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6004:
6000:
5995:
5991:
5986:
5982:
5977:
5973:
5968:
5964:
5958:
5951:
5949:
5942:
5938:
5933:
5929:
5918:
5914:
5909:
5905:
5863:Guido of Arezzo
5860:
5856:
5851:. IAML Finland.
5839:
5832:
5823:
5816:
5807:
5803:
5798:
5794:
5789:
5785:
5776:
5772:
5763:
5759:
5748:
5744:
5739:
5735:
5726:
5722:
5710:Hayes, Craig. "
5709:
5705:
5692:
5688:
5677:
5673:
5662:
5658:
5647:
5640:
5628:
5624:
5619:
5610:
5605:
5601:
5590:
5586:
5581:
5574:
5561:
5557:
5548:
5544:
5535:Wayback Machine
5526:
5522:
5517:
5513:
5508:
5497:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5479:
5471:
5467:
5459:
5455:
5442:
5440:
5433:
5429:
5418:
5414:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5386:
5384:
5369:
5362:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5324:
5310:
5308:
5305:noisey.vice.com
5297:
5293:
5288:
5281:
5267:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5233:
5229:
5224:
5217:
5208:
5204:
5197:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5106:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5052:
5043:(PMRC) and the
5033:
4989:Sharon Osbourne
4888:'s 2004 album,
4886:Cradle of Filth
4725:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4675:needs expansion
4660:
4465:, California's
4448:Suicide Silence
4377:Masters of Rock
4312:
4286:
4279:
4210:Nine Inch Nails
4166:Alice in Chains
4108:The Black Album
4055:Alice in Chains
4044:
4018:
3948:Type O Negative
3883:
3877:
3796:and the U.S.'s
3761:
3755:
3747:Cradle of Filth
3705:movements, and
3669:tremolo picking
3654:, and Sweden's
3636:
3630:
3494:
3488:
3434:
3412:, and Brazil's
3408:, New Jersey's
3330:
3324:
3229:
3040:Michael Jackson
3024:Eddie Van Halen
2910:
2901:
2888:
2872:
2851:
2742:Truth and Janey
2633:Brian Robertson
2602:released their
2585:... Very 'Umble
2582:
2578:
2535:environment of
2410:in January 1975
2408:Chicago Stadium
2290:Jeff Beck Group
2286:Born to Be Wild
2280:released their
2214:
2170:, using dark â
2082:
1994:British rockers
1965:'s version of "
1908:
1890:
1885:
1766:In a review of
1719:Led Zeppelin II
1702:Mike Bloomfield
1655:Born to Be Wild
1627:countercultural
1570:countercultural
1558:
1538:Deena Weinstein
1493:
1487:
1467:Deena Weinstein
1407:
1383:Deena Weinstein
1356:
1350:
1333:Earache Records
1305:Under the Blade
1236:
1229:
1188:Eddie Van Halen
1168:Antonio Vivaldi
1151:classical music
1128:
1073:
1020:
962:
961:
960:
959:
958:
950:
947:
925:
920:
856:Deena Weinstein
723:John Paul Jones
695:
693:Characteristics
486:
284:Regional scenes
162:
160:symphonic metal
87:
46:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15097:
15087:
15086:
15084:1970s in music
15081:
15076:
15071:
15066:
15061:
15056:
15051:
15046:
15041:
15036:
15019:
15018:
15016:
15015:
15010:
15005:
15000:
14995:
14990:
14985:
14980:
14975:
14970:
14965:
14960:
14955:
14950:
14945:
14940:
14935:
14930:
14925:
14920:
14915:
14910:
14905:
14900:
14895:
14889:
14887:
14883:
14882:
14880:
14879:
14874:
14869:
14864:
14859:
14854:
14849:
14844:
14839:
14834:
14829:
14824:
14819:
14814:
14809:
14804:
14799:
14794:
14789:
14784:
14779:
14774:
14769:
14764:
14759:
14754:
14749:
14744:
14739:
14734:
14729:
14724:
14719:
14712:
14710:
14706:
14705:
14703:
14702:
14696:
14693:
14692:
14679:
14678:
14671:
14664:
14656:
14647:
14646:
14644:
14643:
14631:
14618:
14615:
14614:
14612:
14611:
14606:
14604:Wagnerian rock
14601:
14596:
14591:
14586:
14581:
14576:
14571:
14569:Outlaw country
14566:
14561:
14556:
14550:
14548:
14544:
14543:
14541:
14540:
14535:
14530:
14529:
14528:
14523:
14518:
14513:
14506:Social effects
14503:
14498:
14497:
14496:
14491:
14486:
14476:
14471:
14465:
14463:
14461:
14460:
14457:
14453:
14450:
14449:
14447:
14446:
14441:
14436:
14431:
14426:
14421:
14416:
14410:
14408:
14404:
14403:
14400:
14399:
14397:
14396:
14391:
14385:
14383:
14379:
14378:
14376:
14375:
14370:
14365:
14359:
14357:
14353:
14352:
14350:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14328:
14327:
14317:
14312:
14311:
14310:
14300:
14295:
14294:
14293:
14283:
14278:
14273:
14268:
14267:
14266:
14261:
14251:
14250:
14249:
14239:
14234:
14224:
14219:
14214:
14208:
14206:
14202:
14201:
14199:
14198:
14197:
14196:
14191:
14186:
14181:
14179:Neo-rockabilly
14176:
14175:
14174:
14164:
14156:
14151:
14146:
14141:
14136:
14131:
14126:
14121:
14116:
14111:
14106:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14040:
14039:
14034:
14029:
14019:
14014:
14009:
14008:
14007:
14006:
14005:
13995:
13985:
13980:
13975:
13970:
13964:
13962:
13958:
13957:
13955:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13929:
13924:
13923:
13922:
13917:
13912:
13902:
13896:
13894:
13890:
13889:
13887:
13886:
13881:
13880:
13879:
13869:
13864:
13859:
13854:
13849:
13844:
13843:
13842:
13831:
13829:
13822:
13818:
13817:
13814:
13813:
13811:
13810:
13805:
13800:
13795:
13790:
13785:
13780:
13774:
13772:
13768:
13767:
13765:
13764:
13759:
13754:
13749:
13744:
13739:
13734:
13729:
13724:
13719:
13714:
13709:
13704:
13698:
13696:
13692:
13691:
13689:
13688:
13683:
13678:
13673:
13668:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13643:
13638:
13633:
13628:
13626:Heartland rock
13623:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13597:
13595:
13591:
13590:
13588:
13587:
13582:
13577:
13572:
13567:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13542:
13537:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13492:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
13470:Christian rock
13467:
13462:
13457:
13452:
13447:
13442:
13437:
13435:Anatolian rock
13431:
13429:
13425:
13424:
13422:
13421:
13416:
13411:
13410:
13409:
13399:
13394:
13389:
13383:
13381:
13374:
13362:
13361:
13359:
13358:
13357:
13356:
13351:
13349:Rhythm section
13346:
13341:
13331:
13326:
13320:
13318:
13314:
13313:
13306:
13305:
13298:
13291:
13283:
13274:
13273:
13271:
13270:
13260:
13254:
13251:
13250:
13248:
13247:
13242:
13237:
13232:
13227:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13206:
13204:
13198:
13197:
13195:
13194:
13189:
13184:
13179:
13174:
13169:
13164:
13159:
13154:
13152:Japanese metal
13149:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13119:
13114:
13109:
13104:
13099:
13094:
13088:
13086:
13083:Notable scenes
13080:
13079:
13077:
13076:
13075:
13074:
13069:
13061:
13056:
13055:
13054:
13049:
13044:
13039:
13034:
13024:
13023:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13002:
13001:
13000:
12989:
12987:
12983:
12982:
12980:
12979:
12974:
12973:
12972:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12947:
12942:
12937:
12932:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12912:
12907:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12881:
12880:
12875:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12830:
12825:
12820:
12815:
12810:
12809:
12808:
12806:Medieval metal
12803:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12767:
12766:
12756:
12751:
12749:Death 'n' roll
12746:
12745:
12744:
12739:
12729:
12724:
12719:
12714:
12709:
12708:
12707:
12702:
12697:
12687:
12682:
12677:
12672:
12666:
12664:
12656:
12655:
12648:
12647:
12640:
12633:
12625:
12619:
12618:
12615:AllMusic entry
12612:
12604:
12588:
12587:
12582:
12576:
12575:
12564:
12563:
12561:
12560:External links
12558:
12556:
12555:
12544:
12525:
12519:
12504:
12496:, 14 May 2013
12486:
12471:
12441:
12426:
12411:Walser, Robert
12408:
12387:
12372:
12357:
12342:
12327:
12312:
12297:
12280:Sadie, Stanley
12277:
12268:
12251:
12244:
12230:
12215:
12200:
12183:
12172:Lords of Chaos
12168:
12153:
12138:
12123:
12108:
12093:
12078:
12063:
12049:
12034:
12019:
12004:
11989:
11974:
11960:
11952:. Flame Tree.
11946:
11931:
11905:
11887:
11872:
11857:
11842:
11827:
11812:
11797:
11782:
11767:
11752:
11732:
11718:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11686:
11685:
11657:
11629:
11607:
11572:
11547:
11536:. 4 April 2014
11521:
11496:
11470:
11444:
11418:
11389:
11361:
11333:
11307:
11296:. 12 July 2004
11281:
11270:. 12 July 2004
11253:
11236:Napalm Records
11223:
11197:
11171:
11146:
11120:
11108:bravewords.com
11094:
11068:
11038:
11012:
11000:The Forty-Five
10986:
10973:Atomic Redhead
10960:
10931:
10906:
10883:
10868:
10840:
10814:
10788:
10763:
10738:
10722:
10689:
10670:
10668:. 3 March 2011
10654:
10629:
10627:(23 July 2011)
10603:
10601:(26 June 2011)
10570:
10567:. 31 May 2013.
10552:
10524:
10474:
10459:E. Rivadavia,
10451:
10442:PopMatters.com
10428:
10405:
10390:E. Rivadavia,
10379:
10345:
10314:
10289:
10273:
10249:
10227:
10205:
10183:
10161:
10135:
10109:
10090:(3): 294â300.
10074:
10053:
10016:
10003:
9990:"Shadows Fall"
9967:
9946:
9916:
9891:
9871:
9847:
9822:
9813:
9786:
9777:
9768:
9759:
9750:
9741:
9732:
9706:
9678:
9669:
9660:
9651:
9633:
9619:
9599:
9586:
9577:
9568:
9548:
9539:
9530:
9510:
9506:New York Times
9490:
9486:popmatters.com
9473:
9464:
9452:
9445:
9427:
9419:"DragonForce:
9402:
9390:
9381:
9369:
9361:"Dimmu Borgir"
9352:
9331:
9319:
9306:
9297:
9288:
9279:
9259:
9250:
9233:
9224:
9212:
9205:
9180:
9161:
9140:
9126:
9117:
9092:
9073:
9060:
9037:
9011:
8985:
8976:
8950:
8941:
8932:
8923:
8914:
8894:
8885:
8876:
8867:
8852:
8816:
8807:
8798:
8781:Covach, John.
8771:
8736:
8727:
8718:
8692:
8683:
8674:
8665:
8656:
8637:
8628:
8596:
8587:
8578:
8569:
8556:
8545:Burridge, Alan
8536:
8527:
8523:Southern Cross
8497:
8464:"Judas Priest"
8454:
8445:
8436:
8427:
8415:
8406:
8397:
8388:
8379:
8353:
8334:
8312:
8303:
8271:
8245:
8236:
8206:
8185:
8166:
8141:
8118:
8095:
8072:
8045:
8032:
8014:
8005:
7996:
7991:Neate, Wilson
7984:
7975:
7957:
7931:
7924:
7904:
7880:Love Sculpture
7861:
7847:
7824:
7812:
7795:
7781:J. DeRogatis,
7774:
7761:
7754:
7730:
7721:
7712:
7703:
7674:
7662:
7649:
7621:
7612:
7586:
7577:
7552:
7543:
7534:
7522:
7515:
7492:
7466:
7445:
7424:
7398:
7391:
7371:
7342:
7333:
7313:
7299:
7279:
7265:
7245:
7230:
7221:
7212:
7198:
7182:
7173:
7164:
7155:
7146:
7127:Palmer, Robert
7116:
7098:
7072:
7055:
7046:
7037:
7030:
7010:
7001:
6981:
6966:
6962:New York Times
6953:
6949:New York Times
6940:
6931:
6895:
6861:
6834:
6821:
6808:
6768:
6727:
6718:
6709:
6683:
6677:978-0859654319
6676:
6656:
6649:
6629:
6618:"Nova Express"
6606:
6594:
6585:
6576:
6567:
6543:
6530:
6521:
6512:
6503:
6485:
6476:
6467:
6450:
6424:
6390:
6378:
6364:"Heavy Metal".
6355:
6346:
6322:
6313:
6304:
6269:(3): 473â488.
6246:
6233:
6189:
6165:
6151:
6139:
6124:
6098:
6062:
6049:
6037:
6023:
5998:
5989:
5980:
5971:
5962:
5936:
5927:
5912:
5903:
5854:
5830:
5814:
5810:Guitar Legends
5801:
5792:
5783:
5779:Guitar Legends
5770:
5757:
5742:
5733:
5729:Guitar Legends
5720:
5703:
5686:
5671:
5656:
5638:
5622:
5608:
5599:
5584:
5572:
5555:
5542:
5520:
5511:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5465:
5453:
5427:
5412:
5403:
5394:
5377:I Heart Guitar
5360:
5336:
5322:
5291:
5279:
5268:Pareles, Jon.
5258:
5249:
5227:
5215:
5202:
5195:
5175:
5163:udiscovermusic
5149:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5032:
5029:
5007:, founded the
4983:Women such as
4904:In This Moment
4870:In This Moment
4824:Sabina Classen
4724:
4721:
4709:Alien Weaponry
4693:
4692:
4686:September 2023
4672:
4670:
4659:
4656:
4480:Age of Winters
4477:. The Sword's
4413:Blind Guardian
4358:The War Within
4278:
4275:
4218:Marilyn Manson
4017:
4014:
4003:New York Times
3928:My Dying Bride
3879:Main article:
3876:
3873:
3814:Sonata Arctica
3757:Main article:
3754:
3751:
3745:and England's
3632:Main article:
3629:
3626:
3578:time signature
3539:Seven Churches
3490:Main article:
3487:
3484:
3446:Reign in Blood
3326:Main article:
3323:
3320:
3228:
3225:
3174:(1986), whose
2940:do it yourself
2909:
2906:
2770:Captain Beyond
2750:JPT Scare Band
2558:and guitarist
2406:performing at
2392:started with "
2354:counterculture
2331:'s 1968 song "
2329:Iron Butterfly
2312:Helter Skelter
2241:Iron Butterfly
2213:
2210:
2117:Disraeli Gears
2033:Pete Townshend
1961:" (1962); and
1957:" (1961) and "
1923:Willie Johnson
1919:Joe Hill Louis
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1793:New York Times
1662:rock criticism
1641:Iron Butterfly
1598:Sandy Pearlman
1557:
1554:
1489:Main article:
1486:
1485:Fan subculture
1483:
1406:
1403:
1352:Main article:
1349:
1346:
1297:Twisted Sister
1228:
1227:Lyrical themes
1225:
1214:tradition. As
1176:Marty Friedman
1127:
1124:
1089:Phrygian modes
1072:
1069:
1053:perfect fourth
1019:
1016:
988:rhythmic cells
948:
943:
942:
941:
940:
939:
924:
921:
919:
916:
694:
691:
657:, while other
496:
495:
482:
481:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
436:
435:
431:
430:
429:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
397:
396:
392:
391:
390:
389:
384:
382:United Kingdom
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
286:
285:
281:
280:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
262:
261:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
200:
199:
194:
189:
176:
175:
171:
170:
169:
168:
157:
152:
147:
142:
141:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
110:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
86:
85:
80:
75:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15096:
15085:
15082:
15080:
15077:
15075:
15074:Popular music
15072:
15070:
15067:
15065:
15062:
15060:
15057:
15055:
15052:
15050:
15047:
15045:
15042:
15040:
15037:
15035:
15032:
15031:
15029:
15014:
15011:
15009:
15006:
15004:
15001:
14999:
14996:
14994:
14991:
14989:
14986:
14984:
14981:
14979:
14976:
14974:
14971:
14969:
14966:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14949:
14946:
14944:
14941:
14939:
14936:
14934:
14931:
14929:
14926:
14924:
14921:
14919:
14916:
14914:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14904:
14901:
14899:
14896:
14894:
14891:
14890:
14888:
14884:
14878:
14875:
14873:
14870:
14868:
14865:
14863:
14860:
14858:
14855:
14853:
14850:
14848:
14845:
14843:
14840:
14838:
14835:
14833:
14830:
14828:
14825:
14823:
14820:
14818:
14815:
14813:
14810:
14808:
14805:
14803:
14800:
14798:
14795:
14793:
14790:
14788:
14785:
14783:
14780:
14778:
14775:
14773:
14770:
14768:
14765:
14763:
14760:
14758:
14755:
14753:
14750:
14748:
14745:
14743:
14740:
14738:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14728:
14725:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14714:
14713:
14711:
14707:
14701:
14698:
14697:
14694:
14689:
14685:
14677:
14672:
14670:
14665:
14663:
14658:
14657:
14654:
14642:
14641:
14636:
14632:
14630:
14629:
14620:
14619:
14616:
14610:
14609:Wall of Sound
14607:
14605:
14602:
14600:
14597:
14595:
14592:
14590:
14589:Rock festival
14587:
14585:
14582:
14580:
14577:
14575:
14572:
14570:
14567:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14557:
14555:
14552:
14551:
14549:
14545:
14539:
14538:Women in rock
14536:
14534:
14531:
14527:
14524:
14522:
14519:
14517:
14514:
14512:
14509:
14508:
14507:
14504:
14502:
14499:
14495:
14492:
14490:
14487:
14485:
14484:Country music
14482:
14481:
14480:
14477:
14475:
14472:
14470:
14467:
14466:
14464:
14458:
14455:
14454:
14451:
14445:
14442:
14440:
14437:
14435:
14432:
14430:
14427:
14425:
14422:
14420:
14417:
14415:
14412:
14411:
14409:
14407:Radio formats
14405:
14395:
14392:
14390:
14387:
14386:
14384:
14380:
14374:
14371:
14369:
14366:
14364:
14361:
14360:
14358:
14354:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14326:
14323:
14322:
14321:
14318:
14316:
14313:
14309:
14306:
14305:
14304:
14301:
14299:
14296:
14292:
14289:
14288:
14287:
14284:
14282:
14279:
14277:
14274:
14272:
14269:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14257:
14256:
14255:
14252:
14248:
14245:
14244:
14243:
14240:
14238:
14235:
14232:
14228:
14225:
14223:
14220:
14218:
14215:
14213:
14210:
14209:
14207:
14203:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14173:
14172:Extreme metal
14170:
14169:
14168:
14165:
14163:
14160:
14159:
14157:
14155:
14152:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14115:
14112:
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14038:
14035:
14033:
14030:
14028:
14025:
14024:
14023:
14020:
14018:
14015:
14013:
14010:
14004:
14001:
14000:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13990:
13989:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13979:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13969:
13966:
13965:
13963:
13959:
13953:
13950:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13928:
13925:
13921:
13918:
13916:
13913:
13911:
13908:
13907:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13898:
13897:
13895:
13893:South America
13891:
13885:
13882:
13878:
13875:
13874:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13860:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13850:
13848:
13845:
13841:
13838:
13837:
13836:
13833:
13832:
13830:
13828:North America
13826:
13823:
13819:
13809:
13806:
13804:
13801:
13799:
13796:
13794:
13791:
13789:
13786:
13784:
13781:
13779:
13776:
13775:
13773:
13769:
13763:
13760:
13758:
13755:
13753:
13750:
13748:
13745:
13743:
13740:
13738:
13735:
13733:
13730:
13728:
13725:
13723:
13720:
13718:
13715:
13713:
13710:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13699:
13697:
13693:
13687:
13684:
13682:
13679:
13677:
13674:
13672:
13669:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13654:
13652:
13649:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13634:
13632:
13629:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13598:
13596:
13592:
13586:
13583:
13581:
13578:
13576:
13575:Southern rock
13573:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13553:
13551:
13548:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13495:Flamenco rock
13493:
13491:
13488:
13486:
13483:
13481:
13478:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
13451:
13448:
13446:
13443:
13441:
13438:
13436:
13433:
13432:
13430:
13426:
13420:
13417:
13415:
13412:
13408:
13405:
13404:
13403:
13402:Rock and roll
13400:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13384:
13382:
13378:
13375:
13372:not included)
13363:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13344:Electric bass
13342:
13340:
13337:
13336:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13325:
13322:
13321:
13319:
13315:
13311:
13304:
13299:
13297:
13292:
13290:
13285:
13284:
13281:
13269:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13255:
13252:
13246:
13243:
13241:
13238:
13236:
13233:
13231:
13228:
13226:
13223:
13221:
13218:
13216:
13213:
13211:
13208:
13207:
13205:
13203:
13199:
13193:
13190:
13188:
13185:
13183:
13180:
13178:
13175:
13173:
13170:
13168:
13165:
13163:
13160:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13150:
13148:
13145:
13143:
13140:
13138:
13135:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13120:
13118:
13115:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13100:
13098:
13095:
13093:
13090:
13089:
13087:
13085:and movements
13081:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13064:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13053:
13050:
13048:
13045:
13043:
13040:
13038:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13029:
13028:
13025:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13007:
13006:
13003:
12999:
12996:
12995:
12994:
12991:
12990:
12988:
12984:
12978:
12975:
12971:
12968:
12967:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12870:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12811:
12807:
12804:
12802:
12799:
12798:
12797:
12794:
12792:
12791:Extreme metal
12789:
12787:
12786:Electronicore
12784:
12782:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12769:
12765:
12762:
12761:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12734:
12733:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12723:
12720:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12710:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12696:
12693:
12692:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12667:
12665:
12663:
12662:fusion genres
12660:Subgenres and
12657:
12653:
12646:
12641:
12639:
12634:
12632:
12627:
12626:
12623:
12616:
12613:
12609:
12605:
12601:
12597:
12593:
12592:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12577:
12572:
12567:
12552:
12551:
12545:
12541:
12537:
12533:
12532:
12526:
12522:
12520:9781935950059
12516:
12512:
12511:
12505:
12503:
12499:
12495:
12491:
12487:
12484:
12483:1-4116-7700-5
12480:
12476:
12472:
12469:
12468:0-306-80970-2
12465:
12461:
12457:
12456:0-669-21837-5
12453:
12450:. Lexington.
12449:
12445:
12442:
12439:
12435:
12431:
12427:
12424:
12423:0-8195-6260-2
12420:
12416:
12412:
12409:
12406:
12402:
12398:
12394:
12393:
12388:
12385:
12384:0-7425-2906-1
12381:
12377:
12373:
12370:
12369:0-7486-1910-0
12366:
12362:
12358:
12355:
12351:
12347:
12343:
12340:
12339:1-84195-615-5
12336:
12333:. Canongate.
12332:
12328:
12325:
12321:
12317:
12313:
12310:
12309:1-59337-529-8
12306:
12302:
12298:
12295:
12294:0-333-23111-2
12291:
12287:
12286:
12281:
12278:
12275:
12271:
12269:9780810384811
12265:
12260:
12259:
12252:
12249:
12245:
12243:
12239:
12235:
12231:
12228:
12227:0-671-44071-3
12224:
12220:
12216:
12213:
12212:0-253-34033-0
12209:
12205:
12201:
12199:
12198:0-521-45429-8
12195:
12191:
12187:
12184:
12181:
12180:0-922915-94-6
12177:
12173:
12169:
12166:
12165:1-84449-009-2
12162:
12158:
12154:
12151:
12150:1-58008-547-4
12147:
12143:
12139:
12136:
12132:
12128:
12124:
12121:
12120:2-84608-176-X
12117:
12113:
12112:Carnets Noirs
12109:
12106:
12105:0-19-311333-3
12102:
12098:
12094:
12091:
12087:
12083:
12079:
12076:
12075:0-7190-2349-1
12072:
12068:
12064:
12062:
12058:
12054:
12050:
12047:
12043:
12039:
12035:
12032:
12028:
12024:
12020:
12017:
12016:0-415-96588-8
12013:
12009:
12005:
12002:
12001:0-19-511756-5
11998:
11994:
11990:
11987:
11986:0-19-518176-X
11983:
11979:
11975:
11973:
11969:
11965:
11961:
11959:
11958:1-904041-70-1
11955:
11951:
11947:
11944:
11943:0-19-263188-8
11940:
11936:
11932:
11929:
11928:0-89919-026-X
11925:
11921:
11920:
11916:(1971) ", in
11915:
11914:
11909:
11906:
11903:
11902:0-380-81127-8
11899:
11895:
11891:
11888:
11885:
11884:0-07-249555-3
11881:
11877:
11873:
11870:
11869:0-87930-632-7
11866:
11862:
11858:
11855:
11854:0-7607-4218-9
11851:
11847:
11843:
11840:
11839:0-415-93040-5
11836:
11832:
11828:
11825:
11824:1-84353-105-4
11821:
11817:
11813:
11810:
11809:0-7190-4299-2
11806:
11802:
11798:
11795:
11794:1-884365-32-9
11791:
11787:
11783:
11780:
11779:1-84353-415-0
11776:
11772:
11768:
11765:
11764:0-8133-2813-6
11761:
11757:
11753:
11750:
11749:0-19-311316-3
11746:
11742:
11741:
11736:
11735:Arnold, Denis
11733:
11729:
11725:
11721:
11719:9780822347163
11715:
11711:
11707:
11703:
11702:
11696:
11695:
11674:
11673:
11668:
11661:
11646:
11645:
11644:Rolling Stone
11640:
11633:
11618:
11614:
11610:
11604:
11600:
11596:
11592:
11587:
11579:
11577:
11561:
11557:
11551:
11535:
11531:
11525:
11510:
11506:
11500:
11485:. 23 May 2021
11484:
11480:
11474:
11458:
11454:
11448:
11432:
11428:
11422:
11407:
11406:Rolling Stone
11403:
11399:
11393:
11378:
11377:
11372:
11365:
11349:
11348:
11343:
11337:
11322:
11318:
11311:
11295:
11291:
11285:
11269:
11268:
11263:
11257:
11241:
11237:
11233:
11227:
11212:
11208:
11201:
11186:
11182:
11175:
11160:
11156:
11150:
11135:
11131:
11124:
11109:
11105:
11098:
11083:
11079:
11072:
11056:
11052:
11048:
11042:
11027:
11023:
11016:
11001:
10997:
10990:
10974:
10970:
10964:
10949:
10942:
10935:
10927:
10923:
10919:
10918:
10910:
10894:
10887:
10879:
10875:
10871:
10869:9780822347163
10865:
10861:
10857:
10853:
10852:
10844:
10828:
10824:
10818:
10803:
10799:
10792:
10777:
10773:
10767:
10752:
10748:
10742:
10733:
10726:
10710:
10706:
10705:
10700:
10693:
10685:
10681:
10674:
10667:
10663:
10658:
10650:
10646:
10645:
10640:
10633:
10624:
10620:
10619:
10614:
10611:Angle, Brad.
10607:
10598:
10594:
10590:
10589:
10584:
10577:
10575:
10566:
10565:Metal Insider
10562:
10556:
10540:
10539:
10538:Billboard.com
10534:
10528:
10512:
10497:
10493:
10487:
10484:
10478:
10470:
10466:
10462:
10455:
10447:
10443:
10439:
10432:
10426:
10422:
10418:
10417:Rolling Stone
10414:
10409:
10401:
10397:
10393:
10386:
10384:
10374:
10370:
10366:
10362:
10361:
10356:
10349:
10333:
10329:
10325:
10318:
10310:
10306:
10305:
10300:
10293:
10282:
10277:
10258:
10253:
10246:on 1 May 2011
10245:
10241:
10240:Music Line.de
10237:
10231:
10224:on 1 May 2011
10223:
10219:
10218:Music Line.de
10215:
10209:
10202:on 1 May 2011
10201:
10197:
10196:Music Line.de
10193:
10187:
10180:on 3 May 2011
10179:
10175:
10174:Guitar Player
10171:
10165:
10150:
10146:
10139:
10123:
10122:thisisFINLAND
10119:
10113:
10105:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10089:
10085:
10078:
10072:, pp. 86, 116
10071:
10070:1-84520-399-2
10067:
10063:
10057:
10050:
10049:1-84520-399-2
10046:
10042:
10038:
10037:Extreme Metal
10034:
10030:
10020:
10013:
10007:
9991:
9977:
9971:
9964:
9960:
9959:straight-edge
9956:
9950:
9943:
9930:
9926:
9920:
9913:
9912:0-8135-3852-1
9909:
9905:
9901:
9895:
9884:
9881:Ian Glasper,
9878:
9876:
9868:
9867:1-932595-04-X
9864:
9860:
9854:
9852:
9844:
9843:0-380-81127-8
9840:
9836:
9835:HarperCollins
9832:
9826:
9817:
9801:
9797:
9790:
9781:
9772:
9763:
9754:
9745:
9736:
9721:
9717:
9710:
9695:
9691:
9685:
9683:
9673:
9664:
9655:
9647:
9643:
9637:
9622:
9620:9780760344828
9616:
9612:
9611:
9603:
9596:
9590:
9581:
9572:
9565:
9561:
9558:
9552:
9543:
9534:
9528:
9527:2-84608-176-X
9524:
9520:
9519:Carnets Noirs
9514:
9507:
9503:
9502:"Heady Metal"
9497:
9495:
9487:
9483:
9477:
9468:
9461:
9456:
9448:
9442:
9438:
9431:
9424:
9422:
9416:
9414:
9411:"HammerFall:
9406:
9399:
9394:
9385:
9378:
9373:
9366:
9362:
9356:
9349:
9348:Rolling Stone
9345:
9342:(Archived at
9341:
9335:
9328:
9323:
9316:
9310:
9301:
9292:
9283:
9276:
9272:
9266:
9264:
9254:
9247:
9245:
9240:Jurek, Thom.
9237:
9228:
9219:
9217:
9208:
9202:
9198:
9194:
9190:
9184:
9177:
9173:
9168:
9166:
9158:
9157:Slagwerkkrant
9155:
9149:
9147:
9145:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9121:
9106:
9102:
9096:
9089:
9085:
9082:
9077:
9070:
9064:
9058:
9056:
9050:
9048:
9041:
9025:
9021:
9015:
8999:
8995:
8989:
8980:
8964:
8960:
8954:
8945:
8936:
8927:
8918:
8911:
8907:
8903:
8898:
8889:
8880:
8871:
8864:
8859:
8857:
8840:
8836:
8835:
8834:Rolling Stone
8830:
8823:
8821:
8811:
8802:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8784:
8778:
8776:
8759:
8755:
8754:Rolling Stone
8751:
8749:
8740:
8731:
8722:
8706:
8702:
8696:
8687:
8678:
8669:
8660:
8653:(4): 840â850.
8652:
8648:
8641:
8632:
8625:
8621:
8618:
8614:
8613:"Mötley CrĂŒe"
8610:
8606:
8600:
8591:
8582:
8573:
8566:
8560:
8553:(140): 18â19.
8552:
8551:
8546:
8540:
8531:
8524:
8521:
8517:
8516:
8511:
8507:
8501:
8486:
8482:
8469:
8465:
8458:
8449:
8440:
8431:
8422:
8420:
8410:
8401:
8392:
8383:
8368:
8364:
8357:
8349:
8345:
8338:
8331:
8330:
8326:
8323:
8322:Rolling Stone
8316:
8307:
8291:
8287:
8286:
8285:Rolling Stone
8281:
8275:
8260:
8256:
8249:
8240:
8225:
8221:
8219:
8210:
8203:
8199:
8197:
8189:
8182:
8175:
8170:
8155:
8151:
8145:
8129:
8122:
8106:
8099:
8083:
8076:
8060:
8049:
8042:
8036:
8028:
8024:
8018:
8009:
8000:
7994:
7988:
7979:
7971:
7967:
7961:
7946:
7942:
7935:
7927:
7925:9780208019813
7921:
7917:
7916:
7908:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7871:
7865:
7850:
7848:9780793540426
7844:
7840:
7839:
7831:
7829:
7821:
7816:
7809:
7805:
7799:
7792:
7791:0-634-05548-8
7788:
7784:
7778:
7771:
7765:
7757:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7742:
7734:
7725:
7716:
7707:
7692:
7691:Houston Press
7688:
7681:
7679:
7671:
7666:
7659:
7653:
7638:
7637:
7632:
7625:
7616:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7581:
7566:
7562:
7556:
7547:
7538:
7529:
7527:
7518:
7516:9781936239764
7512:
7508:
7507:
7499:
7497:
7488:
7484:
7480:
7477:Heigl, Alex.
7473:
7471:
7463:
7462:0-946719-77-2
7459:
7455:
7449:
7442:
7441:0-946719-77-2
7438:
7434:
7428:
7413:
7409:
7402:
7394:
7392:9780879728212
7388:
7384:
7383:
7375:
7360:
7356:
7353:Huey, Steve.
7349:
7347:
7337:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7317:
7302:
7300:9780879306274
7296:
7292:
7291:
7283:
7268:
7266:9780879306267
7262:
7258:
7257:
7249:
7243:
7239:
7234:
7225:
7216:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7195:
7191:
7186:
7177:
7168:
7159:
7150:
7144:
7143:0-8223-1265-4
7140:
7136:
7132:
7131:Present Tense
7128:
7123:
7121:
7113:
7101:
7095:
7091:
7090:
7089:Rolling Stone
7084:
7076:
7068:
7067:
7059:
7050:
7041:
7033:
7027:
7023:
7022:
7014:
7005:
6999:
6998:0-8153-3715-9
6995:
6991:
6985:
6977:
6970:
6963:
6957:
6950:
6944:
6935:
6919:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6902:
6900:
6883:
6879:
6878:Rolling Stone
6875:
6868:
6866:
6858:
6857:Village Voice
6854:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6838:
6831:
6825:
6818:
6817:Rolling Stone
6812:
6804:
6792:
6788:
6787:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6764:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6738:
6731:
6722:
6713:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6687:
6679:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6660:
6652:
6650:9780789449511
6646:
6642:
6641:
6633:
6626:
6622:
6619:
6615:
6610:
6604:
6598:
6589:
6580:
6571:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6550:
6548:
6540:
6539:IASPM Journal
6534:
6525:
6516:
6507:
6499:
6492:
6490:
6480:
6471:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6439:
6435:
6428:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6399:Blush, Steven
6394:
6385:
6383:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6365:
6359:
6350:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6326:
6317:
6308:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6237:
6221:
6217:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6185:1-84520-399-2
6182:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6161:
6155:
6148:
6143:
6135:
6128:
6113:
6109:
6102:
6086:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6059:
6053:
6044:
6042:
6026:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6002:
5993:
5984:
5975:
5966:
5947:
5946:"Heavy metal"
5940:
5931:
5923:
5916:
5907:
5901:
5900:0-19-311316-3
5897:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5884:0-333-23111-2
5881:
5877:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5858:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5837:
5835:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5811:
5805:
5796:
5787:
5780:
5774:
5767:
5761:
5753:
5746:
5737:
5730:
5724:
5717:
5713:
5707:
5699:
5698:
5697:The Telegraph
5690:
5682:
5675:
5667:
5660:
5652:
5645:
5643:
5635:
5632:
5626:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5603:
5595:
5588:
5579:
5577:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5552:
5546:
5539:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5524:
5515:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5490:
5481:
5474:
5469:
5463:Marshall Amps
5462:
5457:
5450:
5438:
5431:
5423:
5416:
5410:Walser, p. 50
5407:
5398:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5365:
5358:
5357:0-8195-6260-2
5354:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5319:
5306:
5302:
5295:
5286:
5284:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5253:
5247:
5246:0-7660-3621-9
5243:
5239:
5238:
5231:
5222:
5220:
5212:
5206:
5198:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5179:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5122:
5098:
5094:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5005:Ozzy Osbourne
5002:
5001:Mark Tornillo
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4985:Gaby Hoffmann
4981:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:Avril Lavigne
4944:
4940:
4936:
4935:Grammy Awards
4932:
4931:popular music
4928:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4862:Tarja Turunen
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4809:Leather Leone
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4729:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4689:
4680:
4676:
4673:This section
4671:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4635:
4634:Rina Sawayama
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4452:Despised Icon
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:hardcore punk
4425:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4365:album chart.
4364:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4319:hardcore punk
4316:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4170:Faith No More
4167:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4139:Perry Farrell
4136:
4132:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4081:orientation.
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3949:
3946:. New York's
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3924:Paradise Lost
3921:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3897:and Sweden's
3896:
3892:
3889:, Maryland's
3888:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3869:Michael Romeo
3866:
3862:
3861:Dream Theater
3858:
3857:Fates Warning
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3836:are popular.
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3820:and Russia's
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3770:
3767:Italian band
3765:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:style, while
3728:
3724:
3720:
3719:Varg Vikernes
3716:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3644:Mercyful Fate
3641:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3552:violence and
3551:
3550:slasher movie
3548:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3463:extreme metal
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3367:social issues
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3346:hardcore punk
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3295:Rolling Stone
3291:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3209:Rolling Stone
3206:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3189:Guns N' Roses
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3084:British Steel
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2905:
2899:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2848:Rolling Stone
2845:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:Lonesome Crow
2792:debuted with
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2717:Rolling Stone
2713:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2622:Made in Japan
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2541:manufacturing
2538:
2534:
2533:working-class
2530:
2526:
2525:work accident
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:Black Sabbath
2494:
2493:Black Sabbath
2490:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2382:The Nile Song
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2264:Eddie Cochran
2261:
2256:
2254:
2253:Vanilla Fudge
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:Black Sabbath
2230:
2223:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2206:Black Sabbath
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:Satanic rites
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2140:Vanilla Fudge
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2104:, as well as
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:The Yardbirds
1999:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:, including "
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:Memphis blues
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1873:Guns N' Roses
1871:'s metal, or
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:Black Sabbath
1801:
1798:
1797:John Rockwell
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1745:Rolling Stone
1742:
1737:
1735:
1734:Vanilla Fudge
1731:
1727:
1726:
1725:Village Voice
1721:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:Electric Flag
1696:by U.S. band
1695:
1694:
1689:
1688:Barry Gifford
1685:
1684:
1683:Rolling Stone
1679:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1637:Vanilla Fudge
1634:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:Guns N' Roses
1502:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1417:gesture at a
1416:
1415:"devil horns"
1411:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:Ozzy Osbourne
1318:
1314:
1313:sadomasochism
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1216:musicologists
1213:
1212:popular music
1209:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1137:, founder of
1136:
1132:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:perfect fifth
1025:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:power ballads
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
946:
937:
936:rhythm guitar
934:
929:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
881:
880:Dick Peterson
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
849:
845:
841:
836:
832:
830:
826:
822:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
780:
778:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
753:
744:
740:
736:
734:
733:
728:
724:
720:
719:Hammond organ
716:
712:
707:
703:
702:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
586:introduced a
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:Black Sabbath
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
493:
483:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:list of bands
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
437:
432:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
398:
393:
388:
387:United States
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
287:
282:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
260:
257:
256:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
183:
180:
179:
177:
174:Fusion genres
172:
166:
165:complete list
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
114:
113:extreme metal
111:
109:
106:
105:
103:
98:
94:
90:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
38:
33:
19:
15069:Music genres
14886:21st century
14709:20th century
14683:
14682:Timeline of
14638:
14626:
14594:Rock musical
14584:Rock concert
14429:Classic rock
14158:Yugoslavian
14003:Post-Britpop
13884:Puerto Rican
13877:Chicano rock
13757:Slacker rock
13514:
13480:Country rock
13445:Baroque rock
13052:Shred guitar
13015:Cymbal choke
12977:Viking metal
12965:Thrash metal
12955:Stoner metal
12945:Sludge metal
12910:Pirate metal
12895:Nintendocore
12853:Kawaii metal
12843:Groove metal
12828:Gothic metal
12801:Celtic metal
12764:Funeral doom
12651:
12599:
12570:
12549:
12530:
12509:
12489:
12474:
12459:
12447:
12429:
12414:
12390:
12375:
12360:
12345:
12330:
12315:
12300:
12283:
12273:
12257:
12250:. Routledge.
12247:
12233:
12218:
12203:
12189:
12171:
12156:
12141:
12126:
12111:
12096:
12081:
12066:
12055:. ABC-CLIO.
12052:
12037:
12022:
12007:
11992:
11977:
11963:
11949:
11934:
11917:
11911:
11893:
11890:Christe, Ian
11875:
11860:
11845:
11830:
11815:
11800:
11785:
11770:
11755:
11738:
11728:j.ctv1220q3v
11700:
11691:Bibliography
11676:. Retrieved
11672:Metal Hammer
11670:
11660:
11648:. Retrieved
11642:
11632:
11620:. Retrieved
11590:
11563:. Retrieved
11560:The Guardian
11559:
11550:
11538:. Retrieved
11533:
11524:
11512:. Retrieved
11508:
11499:
11487:. Retrieved
11482:
11473:
11461:. Retrieved
11456:
11447:
11435:. Retrieved
11430:
11421:
11409:. Retrieved
11405:
11392:
11380:. Retrieved
11374:
11364:
11352:. Retrieved
11347:Metal Hammer
11345:
11336:
11324:. Retrieved
11320:
11310:
11298:. Retrieved
11293:
11284:
11272:. Retrieved
11265:
11256:
11244:. Retrieved
11240:the original
11226:
11214:. Retrieved
11210:
11200:
11188:. Retrieved
11184:
11174:
11162:. Retrieved
11159:www.metal.it
11158:
11149:
11137:. Retrieved
11133:
11123:
11111:. Retrieved
11107:
11102:BraveWords.
11097:
11085:. Retrieved
11081:
11071:
11059:. Retrieved
11055:the original
11050:
11041:
11029:. Retrieved
11025:
11015:
11003:. Retrieved
10999:
10989:
10977:. Retrieved
10972:
10963:
10953:17 September
10951:. Retrieved
10948:The Guardian
10947:
10934:
10916:
10909:
10899:17 September
10897:. Retrieved
10886:
10878:j.ctv1220q3v
10850:
10843:
10831:. Retrieved
10827:the Guardian
10826:
10817:
10805:. Retrieved
10801:
10791:
10779:. Retrieved
10775:
10766:
10754:. Retrieved
10750:
10741:
10730:Bland, Ben.
10725:
10712:. Retrieved
10704:Guitar World
10702:
10692:
10683:
10673:
10666:The Guardian
10665:
10657:
10642:
10632:
10618:Guitar World
10616:
10606:
10597:the original
10588:Guitar World
10586:
10564:
10555:
10543:. Retrieved
10536:
10527:
10515:. Retrieved
10500:. Retrieved
10496:the original
10482:
10477:
10464:
10461:"Witchcraft"
10454:
10441:
10431:
10416:
10408:
10395:
10358:
10348:
10338:10 September
10336:. Retrieved
10332:the original
10317:
10302:
10297:Lee, Cosmo.
10292:
10281:lambgoat.com
10276:
10257:allmusic.com
10252:
10244:the original
10239:
10230:
10222:the original
10217:
10208:
10200:the original
10195:
10186:
10178:the original
10173:
10164:
10152:. Retrieved
10148:
10138:
10126:. Retrieved
10124:. 8 May 2018
10121:
10112:
10087:
10083:
10077:
10061:
10056:
10036:
10019:
10011:
10006:
9994:. Retrieved
9980:. Retrieved
9970:
9955:"Shai Hulud"
9949:
9940:
9933:. Retrieved
9929:the original
9919:
9899:
9894:
9882:
9858:
9830:
9829:I. Christe,
9825:
9816:
9804:. Retrieved
9800:the original
9789:
9780:
9771:
9762:
9753:
9744:
9735:
9723:. Retrieved
9719:
9709:
9697:. Retrieved
9693:
9672:
9663:
9654:
9646:the original
9636:
9624:. Retrieved
9609:
9602:
9589:
9580:
9571:
9551:
9542:
9533:
9518:
9513:
9505:
9500:Wray, John.
9476:
9467:
9455:
9436:
9430:
9420:
9412:
9405:
9393:
9384:
9372:
9364:
9359:Bennett, J.
9355:
9347:
9334:
9322:
9309:
9300:
9291:
9282:
9275:The Observer
9274:
9253:
9243:
9236:
9227:
9192:
9183:
9156:
9120:
9108:. Retrieved
9104:
9095:
9076:
9063:
9054:
9046:
9040:
9028:. Retrieved
9023:
9014:
9002:. Retrieved
8997:
8988:
8979:
8967:. Retrieved
8962:
8953:
8944:
8935:
8926:
8917:
8897:
8888:
8879:
8870:
8843:. Retrieved
8839:the original
8832:
8810:
8801:
8793:
8762:. Retrieved
8758:the original
8753:
8747:
8739:
8730:
8721:
8709:. Retrieved
8704:
8695:
8686:
8677:
8668:
8659:
8650:
8646:
8640:
8631:
8605:"Quiet Riot"
8599:
8590:
8581:
8572:
8564:
8559:
8548:
8539:
8530:
8522:
8513:
8500:
8488:. Retrieved
8484:
8471:. Retrieved
8467:
8457:
8448:
8439:
8430:
8409:
8400:
8391:
8382:
8370:. Retrieved
8366:
8356:
8347:
8337:
8320:
8315:
8306:
8294:. Retrieved
8290:the original
8283:
8274:
8262:. Retrieved
8258:
8248:
8239:
8229:15 September
8227:. Retrieved
8223:
8217:
8209:
8195:
8188:
8177:
8174:Buckley 2003
8169:
8157:. Retrieved
8144:
8132:. Retrieved
8121:
8109:. Retrieved
8098:
8086:. Retrieved
8075:
8063:. Retrieved
8048:
8043:. March 2001
8041:Guitar World
8040:
8035:
8027:loudwire.com
8026:
8017:
8008:
7999:
7987:
7978:
7970:Guitar World
7969:
7960:
7948:. Retrieved
7944:
7934:
7914:
7907:
7899:
7887:
7884:Dave Edmunds
7873:
7869:
7864:
7852:. Retrieved
7837:
7820:Buckley 2003
7815:
7798:
7782:
7777:
7764:
7740:
7733:
7724:
7715:
7706:
7694:. Retrieved
7690:
7672:, p. 6.
7665:
7652:
7640:. Retrieved
7634:
7624:
7615:
7603:. Retrieved
7598:
7589:
7580:
7568:. Retrieved
7564:
7555:
7546:
7537:
7505:
7487:the original
7482:
7453:
7448:
7432:
7427:
7415:. Retrieved
7411:
7401:
7381:
7374:
7362:. Retrieved
7358:
7336:
7321:
7316:
7304:. Retrieved
7289:
7282:
7270:. Retrieved
7255:
7248:
7233:
7224:
7215:
7185:
7176:
7167:
7158:
7149:
7130:
7110:
7103:. Retrieved
7087:
7075:
7064:
7058:
7049:
7040:
7020:
7013:
7004:
6989:
6984:
6976:Classic Rock
6975:
6969:
6961:
6956:
6948:
6943:
6934:
6922:. Retrieved
6918:the original
6911:
6886:. Retrieved
6882:the original
6877:
6837:
6829:
6824:
6816:
6811:
6801:– via
6795:. Retrieved
6791:the original
6784:
6771:
6744:
6740:
6730:
6721:
6712:
6695:
6692:Malcolm Dome
6686:
6666:
6659:
6639:
6632:
6609:
6602:
6597:
6588:
6579:
6570:
6554:
6538:
6533:
6524:
6515:
6506:
6497:
6479:
6470:
6462:
6453:
6441:. Retrieved
6437:
6427:
6415:. Retrieved
6411:the original
6393:
6366:
6358:
6349:
6341:
6325:
6316:
6307:
6266:
6262:
6249:
6241:
6236:
6224:. Retrieved
6219:
6206:. Retrieved
6202:
6192:
6176:
6154:
6146:
6142:
6133:
6127:
6115:. Retrieved
6111:
6101:
6089:. Retrieved
6085:the original
6078:
6065:
6057:
6052:
6028:. Retrieved
6014:
6007:Gore, Tipper
6001:
5992:
5983:
5974:
5965:
5950:. Retrieved
5939:
5930:
5921:
5915:
5906:
5887:
5875:
5857:
5848:
5842:
5809:
5804:
5795:
5786:
5778:
5773:
5760:
5751:
5745:
5736:
5728:
5723:
5715:
5706:
5695:
5689:
5680:
5674:
5665:
5659:
5650:
5633:
5625:
5602:
5593:
5587:
5567:
5558:
5550:
5549:Wall, Mick.
5545:
5537:
5523:
5514:
5489:
5480:
5472:
5468:
5456:
5448:
5443:21 September
5441:. Retrieved
5430:
5421:
5415:
5406:
5397:
5385:. Retrieved
5381:the original
5376:
5344:
5339:
5316:
5309:. Retrieved
5304:
5294:
5272:
5252:
5235:
5230:
5205:
5185:
5178:
5166:. Retrieved
5162:
5152:
5140:. Retrieved
5134:
5125:
5097:
5079:Max Cavalera
5065:Metal Hammer
5063:
5061:
5057:
5034:
5013:Coal Chamber
4982:
4966:Mary's Blood
4955:
4916:
4902:". In 2021,
4891:Nymphetamine
4889:
4854:death growls
4846:gothic metal
4842:Liv Kristine
4839:
4828:Bolt Thrower
4761:The Runaways
4750:
4744:
4736:
4733:Frozen Crown
4713:MÄori people
4702:
4701:in her book
4696:
4683:
4679:adding to it
4674:
4658:Global reach
4649:
4643:
4637:
4615:
4564:
4557:
4553:
4544:
4535:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4478:
4467:High on Fire
4460:
4417:
4405:
4382:
4362:
4356:
4353:Shadows Fall
4346:
4323:Earth Crisis
4313:
4269:
4223:
4202:Fear Factory
4186:thrash metal
4176:, metal and
4159:
4150:gothic metal
4131:Lollapalooza
4125:
4119:
4112:thrash metal
4107:
4101:
4094:White Zombie
4086:groove metal
4083:
4064:
4051:Layne Staley
4042:Groove metal
4002:
3999:dark ambient
3979:stoner metal
3955:sludge metal
3952:
3936:gothic metal
3909:
3907:
3893:, Chicago's
3891:The Obsessed
3884:
3849:King Crimson
3838:
3810:Stratovarius
3804:, Finland's
3792:, England's
3787:
3774:
3743:Dimmu Borgir
3717:by Burzum's
3712:
3699:Viking metal
3688:
3673:
3652:Celtic Frost
3642:, Denmark's
3637:
3622:anarcho-punk
3614:Napalm Death
3598:Morbid Angel
3586:
3580:changes and
3558:death growls
3544:
3537:
3533:
3510:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3444:
3442:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3371:
3343:
3328:Thrash metal
3322:Thrash metal
3294:
3292:
3288:gothic metal
3268:thrash metal
3249:
3208:
3202:
3192:
3186:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3133:
3127:
3123:Metal Hammer
3121:
3120:in 1981 and
3115:
3113:
3104:Metal Health
3102:
3098:
3092:
3082:
3071:Alice Cooper
3047:Sunset Strip
3044:
3009:
3002:
2999:Diamond Head
2992:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2944:
2925:
2894:
2881:Alice Cooper
2870:
2862:
2859:Judas Priest
2856:
2847:
2843:High Voltage
2841:
2834:
2801:Machine Head
2799:
2793:
2762:Irish Coffee
2715:
2709:
2691:
2686:, 1973) and
2681:
2671:
2662:Kingdom Come
2660:
2650:
2641:Scott Gorham
2620:
2613:fourth album
2593:
2575:
2553:
2549:metalworking
2519:
2512:
2502:
2496:
2489:Robert Plant
2486:
2481:Sea Shanties
2479:
2461:
2455:
2437:
2419:
2413:
2404:Led Zeppelin
2386:King Crimson
2351:
2346:
2341:
2322:
2300:Led Zeppelin
2293:
2271:
2266:'s classic "
2257:
2229:Led Zeppelin
2226:
2220:John Kay of
2190:black masses
2183:
2152:Arthur Brown
2149:
2125:
2115:
2109:
2106:Ginger Baker
2100:and bassist
2098:Eric Clapton
2087:
2064:such as the
2062:garage bands
2046:
2022:
1987:
1981:
1963:The Kingsmen
1931:James Cotton
1909:
1857:Gene Simmons
1850:
1841:
1838:
1827:
1818:Classic Rock
1816:
1802:
1792:
1788:Lester Bangs
1783:
1777:
1773:Kingdom Come
1771:
1765:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1716:, reviewing
1705:
1691:
1681:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1644:
1612:
1605:
1589:
1585:Nova Express
1583:
1577:
1566:heavy metals
1559:
1542:
1530:
1526:
1521:Led Zeppelin
1475:stage diving
1459:
1452:
1445:Gene Simmons
1431:
1424:
1391:
1380:
1376:
1372:music videos
1368:
1337:
1294:
1274:
1269:King Diamond
1259:Hand of Doom
1240:
1237:
1205:
1192:Randy Rhoads
1184:Uli Jon Roth
1180:Jason Becker
1157:
1155:
1148:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1081:pedal points
1074:
1030:, though an
1021:
985:
965:
897:
864:Jimi Hendrix
859:
853:
825:double-kicks
821:cymbal choke
817:
813:power chords
801:Cliff Burton
781:
773:
748:
743:Judas Priest
730:
699:
696:
675:groove metal
639:thrash metal
616:
576:Judas Priest
560:Alice Cooper
544:Led Zeppelin
541:
529:guitar solos
504:
500:
499:
490:
434:Other topics
395:Local scenes
276:Viking metal
266:sludge metal
219:gothic metal
150:groove metal
138:thrash metal
47:
36:
14684:heavy metal
14439:Modern rock
14414:Active rock
14394:New Zealand
14222:Bangladeshi
14217:Azerbaijani
13852:Costa Rican
13808:Viking rock
13798:Stoner rock
13717:Gothic rock
13540:Occult rock
13515:Heavy metal
13505:Garage rock
13475:Comedy rock
13465:Chamber pop
13460:Boogie rock
13230:Headbanging
13177:Palm Desert
13067:Death growl
13047:Power chord
13042:Palm muting
13037:Guitar solo
12950:Speed metal
12930:Power metal
12905:Pagan metal
12878:Progressive
12858:Latin metal
12781:Drone metal
12732:Death metal
12690:Black metal
12685:Biker metal
12652:Heavy metal
12462:. Da Capo.
11678:15 February
11650:11 February
11622:15 February
11300:7 September
11274:7 September
11047:"Lita Ford"
10029:avant-garde
9935:17 February
9725:1 September
9242:"Striborg:
8711:28 November
8510:BBC Radio 1
8506:Tommy Vance
8176:, p. 232, "
7896:Sabre Dance
7875:Hit Parader
7565:Rockarchive
7364:1 September
6888:17 December
6463:MK Magazine
6417:25 November
6407:Feral House
5867:hexachordal
5764:See, e.g.,
5538:Bass Player
4919:Evanescence
4908:Code Orange
4813:power metal
4801:Mari Hamada
4775:, the band
4717:New Zealand
4583:polyrhythms
4545:Sempiternal
4531:Dead Throne
4497:Deep Purple
4469:, Sweden's
4444:Whitechapel
4424:death metal
4254:death metal
4234:Limp Bizkit
4230:Linkin Park
4162:Soundgarden
4154:Lacuna Coil
4124:topped the
4096:. In 1991,
4001:metal; the
3987:drone metal
3887:Saint Vitus
3853:QueensrĂżche
3834:Rata Blanca
3794:DragonForce
3759:Power metal
3753:Power metal
3695:corpsepaint
3634:Black metal
3628:Black metal
3602:neo-fascist
3594:Glen Benton
3582:syncopation
3574:blast beats
3570:double bass
3534:Death Metal
3530:Necrophagia
3528:and Ohio's
3492:Death metal
3486:Death metal
3472:topped the
3398:Destruction
3350:speed metal
3280:power metal
3276:black metal
3272:death metal
3176:title track
3109:US Festival
3101:chart with
3051:Mötley CrĂŒe
3012:John Bonham
2974:Def Leppard
2966:Iron Maiden
2917:Iron Maiden
2864:Rocka Rolla
2826:power metal
2754:Frijid Pink
2637:Phil Lynott
2568:Black Night
2509:Deep Purple
2434:Leslie West
2428:played the
2390:debut album
2366:The Stooges
2324:S.F. Sorrow
2304:The Beatles
2278:Steppenwolf
2245:Steppenwolf
2237:Deep Purple
2222:Steppenwolf
2168:black magic
2144:first album
2136:Purple Haze
2114:(1966) and
2111:Fresh Cream
2079:garage-punk
2025:Dave Davies
1990:blues music
1971:garage rock
1967:Louie Louie
1906:Garage rock
1686:, in which
1651:Steppenwolf
1619:hippiespeak
1615:Ian Christe
1509:Iron Maiden
1443:. Although
1427:headbanging
1341:Lamb of God
1277:Jon Pareles
1221:Romanticism
1139:Deep Purple
1119:pedal point
1061:minor sixth
1049:major third
1045:minor third
893:house music
829:blast beats
785:pedal point
777:Simon Frith
769:palm muting
721:. In 1970,
711:Deep Purple
706:Jon Pareles
671:subcultural
667:black metal
663:death metal
627:Mötley CrĂŒe
608:headbangers
596:Iron Maiden
552:Deep Purple
531:, emphatic
503:(or simply
501:Heavy metal
442:Underground
411:New Orleans
362:Netherlands
357:Middle East
271:stoner rock
209:drone metal
155:power metal
133:speed metal
123:death metal
118:black metal
58:Other names
53:Heavy metal
15028:Categories
14599:Rock opera
14554:Beatlesque
14389:Australian
14308:Rock kapak
14291:Visual kei
14271:Indonesian
14114:Portuguese
14099:Macedonian
14094:Lithuanian
13973:Belarusian
13952:Venezuelan
13937:Ecuadorian
13920:TropicĂĄlia
13915:Samba rock
13747:Rock kapak
13737:Jangle pop
13732:Indie rock
13686:Yacht rock
13681:Visual kei
13671:Shock rock
13611:Dance-rock
13601:Arena rock
13585:Swamp rock
13580:Space rock
13565:Samba rock
13560:Roots rock
13535:Noise rock
13455:Blues rock
13450:Beat music
13419:Surf music
13414:Rockabilly
13392:Latin rock
13329:Distortion
13317:Components
13310:Rock music
13032:Distortion
13010:Blast beat
12920:Post-metal
12915:Pornogrind
12818:Glam metal
12813:Funk metal
12796:Folk metal
12776:Doom metal
12759:Death-doom
12727:Crust punk
12438:0674005473
11457:Real Sound
11326:15 January
11139:19 January
10833:15 January
10807:13 January
10781:13 January
10756:13 January
10714:17 October
10545:20 October
10413:Wolfmother
10012:Terrorizer
9883:Terrorizer
9626:4 December
9055:Chaos A.D.
7886:, put out
7570:11 October
7483:People.com
7330:1135949506
6117:3 February
5716:PopMatters
5387:24 January
5117:References
4993:Don Dokken
4878:Arch Enemy
4817:Holy Moses
4789:Doro Pesch
4777:Girlschool
4639:I Disagree
4622:electropop
4616:Fusion of
4585:alongside
4575:palm-muted
4501:Jimmy Page
4475:Wolfmother
4471:Witchcraft
4440:breakdowns
4335:Shai Hulud
4238:Papa Roach
4069:and other
3959:Eyehategod
3920:doom-death
3899:Candlemass
3881:Doom metal
3875:Doom metal
3865:Symphony X
3816:, Italy's
3798:Iced Earth
3790:HammerFall
3715:Euronymous
3703:folk metal
3680:Darkthrone
3648:Hellhammer
3624:movement.
3363:nihilistic
3237:Eric Moore
3152:New Jersey
3148:Cinderella
3075:glam metal
3067:glam metal
3055:Quiet Riot
2985:desurgence
2877:Thin Lizzy
2738:Hard Stuff
2730:Leaf Hound
2698:Humble Pie
2645:Thin Lizzy
2581:Very 'Eavy
2572:Uriah Heep
2556:Ian Gillan
2537:Birmingham
2529:Tony Iommi
2521:Birmingham
2472:doom metal
2463:Abbey Road
2374:Pink Floyd
2362:punk music
2320:rock opera
2260:Blue Cheer
2249:Blue Cheer
2164:witchcraft
2102:Jack Bruce
2006:blues rock
2004:developed
1973:standard.
1915:guitarists
1894:Blues rock
1892:See also:
1879:records."
1803:Coined by
1749:Humble Pie
1730:Blue Cheer
1670:review of
1625:and later
1545:Rob Zombie
1463:air guitar
1432:il cornuto
1399:visual kei
1387:goth music
1301:Dee Snider
1101:pentatonic
1012:blast beat
1000:whole note
981:palm-muted
973:16th notes
933:palm-muted
900:Girlschool
876:Blue Cheer
860:Metalheads
840:Girlschool
619:glam metal
604:metalheads
556:shock rock
513:blues rock
509:rock music
472:subculture
406:Gothenburg
401:Birmingham
307:Bangladesh
234:post-metal
214:folk metal
187:funk metal
145:glam metal
128:doom metal
73:Blues rock
14688:hard rock
14337:Taiwanese
14320:Pakistani
14303:Malaysian
14231:1959â1975
14227:Cambodian
14189:Post-punk
14154:Ukrainian
14134:Slovenian
14104:Norwegian
14074:Icelandic
14069:Hungarian
14032:Nederbeat
13947:Uruguayan
13932:Colombian
13905:Brazilian
13900:Argentine
13862:Dominican
13803:Sufi rock
13793:Post-rock
13788:Math rock
13762:Trop rock
13712:Dream pop
13707:Deathrock
13676:Soft rock
13666:Punk rock
13651:Power pop
13646:Post-punk
13621:Glam rock
13616:Funk rock
13606:Cock rock
13570:Soft rock
13555:Raga rock
13530:Krautrock
13525:Jazz rock
13510:Hard rock
13500:Folk rock
13365:Genres by
13334:Rock band
13258:Hard rock
13225:Festivals
13072:Screaming
12998:Fuzz bass
12940:Rap metal
12925:Pop metal
12868:Metalcore
12833:Grindcore
12823:Goregrind
12754:Deathcore
12742:Technical
12717:Blackgaze
12700:Symphonic
11910:(1981). "
11617:152177363
11463:31 August
11437:31 August
11294:USA Today
11267:USA Today
11155:"Leather"
11051:Biography
10751:The FADER
10709:Future US
10623:Future US
10593:Future US
10373:1527-408X
10367:: 63â66.
10365:Future US
10328:About.com
10104:148970777
9996:17 August
9963:Christian
9942:musicians
9914:pp. 87â88
9837:, 2003),
9833:(London:
9610:Metallica
9595:"Pantera"
9030:9 January
9024:Billboard
9004:9 January
8998:Billboard
8969:9 January
8963:Billboard
8363:"Rainbow"
8220:(review)"
8196:Bloodrock
7670:Rood 1994
6786:Crawdaddy
6763:191362285
6747:: 36â51.
6563:0162-0436
6283:0165-005X
6030:30 August
5351:. p. 10.
5311:7 January
5168:2 October
5142:9 January
5075:Sepultura
5062:In 2018,
4978:Babymetal
4974:Lovebites
4866:Halestorm
4858:Nightwish
4840:In 1994,
4807:in 1985,
4781:Motörhead
4769:Lita Ford
4765:Joan Jett
4741:Volturian
4711:from the
4607:Tesseract
4603:Periphery
4554:Billboard
4536:Billboard
4489:folk rock
4485:Pentagram
4463:The Sword
4432:metalcore
4420:deathcore
4401:free jazz
4363:Billboard
4331:Hatebreed
4315:Metalcore
4298:Deathcore
4290:Metalcore
4270:Billboard
4250:Disturbed
4126:Billboard
4103:Metallica
4098:Metallica
4026:Rap metal
3995:Sunn O)))
3991:Goatsnake
3944:Tristania
3916:Cathedral
3822:Catharsis
3806:Nightwish
3778:Helloween
3691:SarcĂłfago
3610:grindcore
3566:distorted
3562:screaming
3526:Possessed
3518:diabolism
3514:blasphemy
3474:Billboard
3422:Billboard
3418:SarcĂłfago
3414:Sepultura
3402:Testament
3374:Metallica
3359:shredding
3128:Billboard
3099:Billboard
3094:Pyromania
3020:Van Halen
2946:Motörhead
2927:Punk rock
2790:Scorpions
2782:Iron Claw
2766:May Blitz
2683:Aerosmith
2678:Aerosmith
2676:, 1972),
2600:Bloodrock
2545:factories
2476:High Tide
2457:Climbing!
2436:released
2421:Billboard
2378:Ibiza Bar
2337:acid rock
2081:movement.
2075:hard rock
2053:acid rock
2042:Marshalls
2037:Jeff Beck
2014:The Kinks
1951:Dick Dale
1947:surf rock
1939:Link Wray
1902:Acid rock
1869:Metallica
1846:Aerosmith
1834:hard rock
1830:acid rock
1823:Quaaludes
1813:Bloodrock
1809:Bill Ward
1667:Crawdaddy
1602:the Byrds
1556:Etymology
1501:Metallica
1419:Metsatöll
1299:frontman
1208:art music
1108:dissonant
1093:chromatic
1065:fretboard
904:Nightwish
848:Motörhead
809:Motörhead
797:Metallica
765:grindcore
643:Metallica
588:punk rock
584:Motörhead
572:Van Halen
568:Aerosmith
525:distorted
521:acid rock
452:hard rock
347:Indonesia
302:Australia
297:Argentina
244:metalcore
224:grindcore
204:deathcore
192:rap metal
100:Subgenres
78:acid rock
14628:Category
14315:Nepalese
14286:Japanese
14242:Filipino
14212:Armenian
14184:New wave
14162:Art rock
14119:Romanian
14044:Estonian
14027:Indorock
14012:Croatian
13968:Albanian
13942:Peruvian
13847:Canadian
13835:American
13752:Shoegaze
13742:Rap rock
13636:New wave
13440:Art rock
13397:Pop rock
13354:Drum kit
13324:Backbeat
13268:Category
13005:Drumming
12900:Nu metal
12863:Mathcore
12494:It Books
12446:(1991).
12413:(1993).
12188:(1998).
11892:(2003).
11565:21 March
11540:23 March
11514:21 March
11246:16 April
11061:26 March
11026:Loudwire
10944:(online)
10644:AllMusic
10502:27 April
10469:archived
10465:AllMusic
10446:archived
10421:Archived
10400:archived
10396:AllMusic
10360:Revolver
10304:AllMusic
9845:, p. 184
9806:28 March
9720:AllMusic
9699:26 March
9694:AllMusic
9560:Archived
9191:(2007).
9176:AllMusic
9105:AllMusic
9084:Archived
8786:Archived
8705:BBC News
8620:Archived
8490:17 March
8485:AllMusic
8473:30 April
8468:AllMusic
8367:AllMusic
8325:Archived
8224:AllMusic
8202:AllMusic
8134:3 August
8111:3 August
8088:3 August
8065:3 August
7900:Survival
7808:original
7793:, p. 132
7696:26 April
7605:2 August
7412:AllMusic
7359:AllMusic
7306:5 August
7272:5 August
7242:AllMusic
7194:AllMusic
7066:Kerrang!
6924:17 March
6855:for the
6845:Archived
6797:28 March
6621:Archived
6371:Archived
6334:Archived
6299:20685241
6291:19521752
6220:BBC News
6203:Guardian
6009:(2007).
5871:diatonic
5531:Archived
5136:AllMusic
5131:"Grunge"
5037:misogyny
4958:Destrose
4941:such as
4939:popstars
4835:Jo Bench
4805:Chastain
4785:Headgirl
4651:Sawayama
4618:nu metal
4611:Textures
4587:virtuoso
4509:Mastodon
4456:Carnifex
4393:Converge
4385:mathcore
4379:festival
4327:Converge
4306:Mathcore
4283:nu metal
4226:Slipknot
4206:Ministry
4148:Italian
4030:Nu metal
3932:Anathema
3707:Immortal
3682:drummer
3676:paganism
3606:Obituary
3600:adopted
3554:Satanism
3410:Overkill
3382:Megadeth
3260:AllMusic
3235:Drummer
3221:Skid Row
3156:Bon Jovi
3117:Kerrang!
3079:hedonism
3063:W.A.S.P.
3028:Eruption
2778:Granicus
2734:Primeval
2564:Paranoid
2504:Paranoid
2444:Mountain
2439:Mountain
2356:period,
2352:In this
2142:, whose
1959:Misirlou
1927:Pat Hare
1917:such as
1855:bassist
1807:drummer
1722:for the
1610:(1968).
1534:sell out
1513:Slipknot
1454:Love Gun
1281:misogyny
1255:War Pigs
1247:Paranoid
1242:Paranoid
1200:Believer
1024:interval
977:staccato
761:nu metal
715:Jon Lord
679:nu metal
661:such as
651:Megadeth
623:Bon Jovi
612:machismo
594:such as
537:loudness
197:nu metal
14564:Motorik
14547:Related
14459:Culture
14456:History
14382:Oceania
14373:Zambian
14363:Angolan
14347:Turkish
14332:Russian
14281:Israeli
14276:Iranian
14259:Bengali
14247:Bisrock
14237:Chinese
14144:Swedish
14139:Spanish
14129:Serbian
14124:Russian
14089:Latvian
14084:Italian
14049:Finnish
13998:Britpop
13988:British
13983:Bosnian
13978:Belgian
13927:Chilean
13872:Mexican
13867:Haitian
13778:Britpop
13407:British
13220:Fashion
13202:Culture
13063:Vocals
12873:Melodic
12737:Melodic
12705:Unblack
11489:23 June
11411:23 June
11382:23 June
11354:23 June
11190:4 April
11113:4 April
11087:4 April
11031:15 June
11005:15 June
10979:15 June
10154:15 June
10128:15 June
10035:(2007)
9982:7 April
9365:Decibel
9344:Wayback
9244:Nefaria
9110:29 June
8845:17 July
8520:fanzine
8372:10 July
8198:Review"
8159:8 March
7642:26 June
7417:20 July
6842:"Riffs"
6832:, p. 12
6704:BBC Two
6226:3 March
6208:3 March
6187:. p. 28
6091:22 June
5952:6 March
5009:Ozzfest
4962:Aldious
4951:Beyoncé
4923:Amy Lee
4832:bassist
4821:growler
4797:Warlock
4505:riffing
4266:Ozzfest
4178:hip-hop
4137:singer
4090:Pantera
4067:Nirvana
3963:Crowbar
3903:Melvins
3895:Trouble
3802:Kamelot
3727:ambient
3723:Beherit
3656:Bathory
3590:Deicide
3547:Z-grade
3451:timbres
3390:Kreator
3378:Anthrax
3308:Anthrax
3304:Extreme
3140:Warrant
3036:Beat It
2822:fantasy
2806:Rainbow
2726:Josefus
2666:1970),
2566:" and "
2380:" and "
2172:Satanic
2156:macabre
2132:Hendrix
2070:droning
2029:The Who
1984:in 1968
1982:Fanclub
1883:History
1786:critic
1623:beatnik
1572:writer
1550:poseurs
1471:moshing
1421:concert
1395:X Japan
1257:' and '
1249:' and '
1143:Rainbow
1097:tritone
1085:Aeolian
1077:tritone
1018:Harmony
872:the Who
725:used a
704:critic
687:hip-hop
655:Anthrax
447:Fashion
337:Hungary
332:Germany
322:Finland
39:(album)
14640:Portal
14356:Africa
14298:Korean
14254:Indian
14109:Polish
14059:German
14054:French
14017:Danish
13961:Europe
13727:Grunge
13245:Umlaut
13240:Poseur
13059:Lyrics
13027:Guitar
12838:Grunge
12568:about
12517:
12500:
12481:
12466:
12454:
12436:
12421:
12403:
12382:
12367:
12352:
12337:
12322:
12307:
12292:
12266:
12240:
12225:
12210:
12196:
12178:
12163:
12148:
12133:
12118:
12103:
12088:
12073:
12059:
12044:
12029:
12014:
11999:
11984:
11970:
11956:
11941:
11926:
11900:
11882:
11867:
11852:
11837:
11822:
11807:
11792:
11777:
11762:
11747:
11726:
11716:
11615:
11605:
11376:Forbes
11216:16 May
11185:louder
11164:16 May
10876:
10866:
10517:14 May
10486:(link)
10371:
10363:(72).
10299:"Doom"
10285:
10269:
10265:
10261:
10102:
10068:
10051:, p. 4
10047:
10025:
9910:
9887:
9865:
9841:
9617:
9525:
9443:
9203:
9047:Ritual
8609:"Ratt"
8567:P. 130
8296:7 June
8264:7 June
8218:Budgie
8057:
7950:29 May
7922:
7854:29 May
7845:
7789:
7752:
7513:
7460:
7439:
7389:
7328:
7297:
7263:
7141:
7105:5 July
7096:
7028:
6996:
6761:
6674:
6647:
6561:
6367:Umelec
6297:
6289:
6281:
6183:
6021:
5898:
5882:
5355:
5307:. Vice
5244:
5193:
5107:
5103:
5083:#MeToo
5053:
5031:Sexism
4997:Accept
4970:Cyntia
4949:, and
4927:Fallen
4699:racism
4630:Grimes
4597:- and
4310:NWOAHM
4308:, and
4242:P.O.D.
4182:Primus
4071:grunge
4040:, and
4034:NWOAHM
4007:Indian
3739:Samael
3735:Tiamat
3684:Fenriz
3664:Burzum
3660:Mayhem
3435:
3406:Exodus
3386:Slayer
3338:Slayer
3312:Danzig
3217:Winger
3166:Europe
3144:Poison
2962:Sounds
2957:Sounds
2902:
2889:
2873:
2852:
2784:, and
2758:Cactus
2608:Budgie
2583:
2579:
2507:) and
2196:, and
2176:occult
2094:unison
2083:
2010:tempos
1943:Rumble
1904:, and
1865:Priest
1861:Maiden
1653:song "
1630:hippie
1032:octave
969:eighth
908:Delain
885:melody
683:grunge
647:Slayer
631:Poison
606:" or "
477:umlaut
467:lyrics
377:Sweden
372:Poland
367:Norway
327:France
317:Canada
312:Brazil
292:Africa
229:grunge
14690:music
14149:Swiss
14079:Irish
14064:Greek
14037:Ultra
14022:Dutch
13857:Cuban
13771:1990s
13722:Grebo
13695:1980s
13594:1970s
13428:1960s
13380:1950s
13210:Bands
12771:Djent
11724:JSTOR
11613:S2CID
10874:JSTOR
10100:S2CID
8764:1 May
8179:'
8084:. BBC
8061:. CNN
6913:Creem
6759:S2CID
6443:9 May
6295:S2CID
6259:(PDF)
5089:Notes
5025:Queen
4912:Poppy
4882:Epica
4848:band
4793:Santa
4757:Vixen
4753:Coven
4745:right
4626:Poppy
4620:with
4595:eight
4591:seven
4579:riffs
4567:djent
4495:had "
4436:riffs
4294:Djent
4152:band
3983:Earth
3975:Sleep
3971:Kyuss
3830:Angra
3640:Venom
3522:Death
3501:Death
3394:Sodom
3250:Many
3243:band
3239:from
3038:" by
2995:Venom
2970:Saxon
2936:lo-fi
2932:disco
2885:Queen
2838:AC/DC
2808:with
2702:debut
2595:UFO 1
2592:with
2574:with
2295:Truth
2251:, or
2198:Satan
2160:Coven
2090:Cream
1784:Creem
1779:Creem
1646:Heavy
1633:slang
1562:light
996:hooks
992:riffs
868:Cream
846:from
844:Lemmy
805:Lemmy
793:licks
789:riffs
600:Saxon
580:blues
533:beats
505:metal
352:Japan
342:India
259:djent
61:Metal
15013:2025
15008:2024
15003:2023
14998:2022
14993:2021
14988:2020
14983:2019
14978:2018
14973:2017
14968:2016
14963:2015
14958:2014
14953:2013
14948:2012
14943:2011
14938:2010
14933:2009
14928:2008
14923:2007
14918:2006
14913:2005
14908:2004
14903:2003
14898:2002
14893:2001
14877:2000
14872:1999
14867:1998
14862:1997
14857:1996
14852:1995
14847:1994
14842:1993
14837:1992
14832:1991
14827:1990
14822:1989
14817:1988
14812:1987
14807:1986
14802:1985
14797:1984
14792:1983
14787:1982
14782:1981
14777:1980
14772:1979
14767:1978
14762:1977
14757:1976
14752:1975
14747:1974
14742:1973
14737:1972
14732:1971
14727:1970
14722:1969
14717:1968
14715:...
14686:and
14489:Jazz
14342:Thai
14325:Sufi
14264:Raga
14205:Asia
14194:Punk
12993:Bass
12515:ISBN
12498:ISBN
12479:ISBN
12464:ISBN
12452:ISBN
12434:ISBN
12419:ISBN
12401:ISBN
12380:ISBN
12365:ISBN
12350:ISBN
12335:ISBN
12320:ISBN
12305:ISBN
12290:ISBN
12264:ISBN
12238:ISBN
12223:ISBN
12208:ISBN
12194:ISBN
12176:ISBN
12161:ISBN
12146:ISBN
12131:ISBN
12116:ISBN
12101:ISBN
12086:ISBN
12071:ISBN
12057:ISBN
12042:ISBN
12027:ISBN
12012:ISBN
11997:ISBN
11982:ISBN
11968:ISBN
11954:ISBN
11939:ISBN
11924:ISBN
11898:ISBN
11880:ISBN
11865:ISBN
11850:ISBN
11835:ISBN
11820:ISBN
11805:ISBN
11790:ISBN
11775:ISBN
11760:ISBN
11745:ISBN
11714:ISBN
11680:2020
11652:2020
11624:2020
11603:ISBN
11567:2018
11542:2018
11516:2018
11491:2023
11465:2019
11439:2019
11431:JaME
11413:2023
11384:2023
11356:2023
11328:2021
11302:2012
11276:2012
11248:2014
11218:2024
11211:Vice
11192:2023
11166:2024
11141:2024
11115:2023
11089:2023
11063:2018
11033:2023
11007:2023
10981:2023
10955:2023
10901:2023
10864:ISBN
10835:2021
10809:2021
10783:2021
10776:Time
10758:2021
10716:2011
10547:2011
10519:2008
10504:2008
10369:ISSN
10340:2015
10287:..."
10271:..."
10156:2021
10130:2021
10066:ISBN
10045:ISBN
9998:2010
9984:2011
9961:and
9937:2012
9908:ISBN
9889:..."
9863:ISBN
9839:ISBN
9808:2007
9727:2009
9701:2007
9628:2015
9615:ISBN
9523:ISBN
9441:ISBN
9201:ISBN
9112:2018
9032:2022
9006:2022
8971:2022
8847:2015
8766:2007
8713:2008
8508:for
8492:2007
8475:2007
8374:2010
8298:2018
8266:2018
8231:2009
8161:2010
8136:2017
8113:2017
8090:2017
8067:2017
7952:2017
7920:ISBN
7894:'s "
7856:2017
7843:ISBN
7787:ISBN
7750:ISBN
7698:2016
7644:2008
7607:2017
7572:2022
7511:ISBN
7458:ISBN
7437:ISBN
7419:2011
7387:ISBN
7366:2009
7326:ISBN
7308:2017
7295:ISBN
7274:2017
7261:ISBN
7139:ISBN
7107:2012
7094:ISBN
7026:ISBN
6994:ISBN
6926:2007
6890:2007
6799:2020
6672:ISBN
6645:ISBN
6559:ISSN
6445:2008
6419:2007
6287:PMID
6279:ISSN
6228:2009
6210:2009
6181:ISBN
6119:2016
6093:2013
6032:2015
6019:ISBN
5954:2010
5896:ISBN
5880:ISBN
5681:Spin
5445:2015
5389:2022
5353:ISBN
5313:2017
5242:ISBN
5191:ISBN
5170:2022
5144:2022
4987:and
4972:and
4910:and
4880:and
4767:and
4737:left
4648:and
4632:and
4609:and
4581:and
4454:and
4430:and
4395:and
4351:and
4333:and
4260:and
4248:and
4246:Korn
4208:and
4194:Tool
4188:and
4174:funk
4116:RIAA
4092:and
4010:raga
3973:and
3961:and
3942:and
3930:and
3859:and
3847:and
3845:Rush
3812:and
3701:and
3662:and
3650:and
3616:and
3516:and
3459:Nazi
3416:and
3404:and
3396:and
3384:and
3314:and
3300:Ratt
3286:and
3284:doom
3146:and
3061:and
3059:Ratt
2997:and
2972:and
2954:and
2828:and
2774:Toad
2746:Dust
2722:Bang
2704:and
2693:Kiss
2688:Kiss
2639:and
2588:and
2547:and
2539:, a
2231:and
2051:and
2000:and
1933:'s "
1863:and
1853:Kiss
1732:and
1564:and
1519:and
1473:and
1449:Kiss
1363:Kiss
1317:rape
1315:and
1309:PMRC
1194:and
1166:and
1164:Bach
1141:and
1087:and
1036:root
910:and
870:and
842:and
827:and
791:and
763:and
752:fuzz
685:and
677:and
665:and
653:and
629:and
598:and
564:Kiss
562:and
550:and
535:and
519:and
13783:Emo
13520:Jam
12536:doi
11706:doi
11595:doi
10922:doi
10856:doi
10092:doi
8512:'s
7945:AXS
7240:at
6749:doi
6700:BBC
6271:doi
5865:'s
5714:".
4830:'s
4715:of
4681:.
4593:-,
4507:".
4355:'s
4345:'s
4262:rap
4258:DJs
4088:of
4079:MTV
4053:of
3592:'s
3503:'s
3433:...
3154:'s
3089:MTV
2951:NME
2938:",
2818:Dio
2814:Elf
2700:'s
2643:of
2590:UFO
2577:...
2388:'s
2358:MC5
2174:or
2166:or
2031:'s
2020:".
1949:of
1877:Dio
1770:'s
1751:: "
1592:by
1536:".
1517:Dio
1447:of
1441:Dio
1095:or
1059:or
971:or
889:pop
831:".
807:of
799:'s
729:on
713:'s
558:of
15030::
12598:.
12492:.
12399:.
12395:.
12272:.
11722:.
11712:.
11669:.
11641:.
11611:.
11601:.
11589:.
11575:^
11558:.
11532:.
11507:.
11481:.
11455:.
11429:.
11404:.
11373:.
11344:.
11319:.
11292:.
11264:.
11234:.
11209:.
11183:.
11157:.
11132:.
11106:.
11080:.
11049:.
11024:.
10998:.
10971:.
10946:.
10872:.
10862:.
10825:.
10800:.
10774:.
10749:.
10707:.
10701:.
10682:.
10664:.
10647:.
10641:.
10621:.
10615:.
10591:.
10585:.
10573:^
10563:.
10535:.
10488:.
10467:,
10463:,
10444:,
10440:,
10415:.
10398:,
10394:,
10382:^
10357:.
10326:.
10307:.
10301:.
10238:,
10216:,
10194:,
10172:,
10147:.
10120:.
10098:.
10086:.
10043:,
10039:,
9939:.
9906:.
9902:,
9874:^
9850:^
9718:.
9692:.
9681:^
9504:.
9493:^
9363:.
9273:.
9262:^
9215:^
9199:.
9195:.
9174:.
9164:^
9143:^
9129:^
9103:.
9051:;
9022:.
8996:.
8961:.
8908:;
8904:;
8855:^
8831:.
8819:^
8792:.
8774:^
8752:.
8703:.
8651:66
8649:.
8483:.
8466:.
8418:^
8365:.
8346:.
8282:.
8257:.
8222:.
8200:.
8152:.
8025:.
7968:.
7943:.
7827:^
7748:.
7746:95
7689:.
7677:^
7633:.
7597:.
7563:.
7525:^
7495:^
7481:.
7469:^
7456:,
7435:,
7410:.
7357:.
7345:^
7201:^
7133:,
7119:^
7109:.
7086:.
6910:.
6898:^
6876:.
6864:^
6851:.
6783:.
6757:.
6743:.
6739:.
6702:.
6616:.
6546:^
6488:^
6461:.
6436:.
6405:.
6381:^
6340:.
6293:.
6285:.
6277:.
6267:33
6265:.
6261:.
6218:.
6201:.
6168:^
6110:.
6077:.
6040:^
5894:.
5890:.
5847:.
5833:^
5817:^
5641:^
5611:^
5575:^
5498:^
5447:.
5375:.
5363:^
5347:.
5325:^
5315:.
5303:.
5282:^
5261:^
5240:.
5218:^
5161:.
5133:.
5027:.
5019:,
5015:,
4980:.
4968:,
4964:,
4960:,
4945:,
4906:,
4876:,
4872:,
4868:,
4654:.
4628:,
4613:.
4605:,
4515:".
4458:.
4450:,
4446:,
4426:,
4403:.
4391:,
4329:,
4325:,
4304:,
4300:,
4296:,
4292:,
4244:,
4240:,
4236:,
4232:,
4228:,
4204:,
4192:;
4180:;
4036:,
4032:,
4028:,
4024:,
3926:,
3855:,
3808:,
3465:.
3392:,
3380:,
3376:,
3310:,
3306:,
3302:,
3290:.
3278:,
3274:,
3270:,
3057:,
3053:,
3022:.
3018:,
3007:.
2968:,
2780:,
2776:,
2772:,
2768:,
2764:,
2760:,
2756:,
2752:,
2748:,
2744:,
2740:,
2736:,
2732:,
2728:,
2724:,
2635:,
2625:.
2598:.
2484:.
2364:.
2318:'
2306:'
2247:,
2243:,
2208:.
2192:,
1921:,
1900:,
1896:,
1815:.
1736:.
1674:'
1639:.
1515:,
1511:,
1507:,
1503:,
1374:.
1190:,
1186:,
1182:,
1178:,
1174:,
1067:.
1055:,
1051:,
1047:,
914:.
906:,
866:,
689:.
649:,
645:,
625:,
546:,
539:.
515:,
14675:e
14668:t
14661:v
14233:)
14229:(
13302:e
13295:t
13288:v
12644:e
12637:t
12630:v
12610:.
12602:.
12542:.
12538::
12523:.
12485:.
12470:.
12440:.
12425:.
12407:.
12386:.
12371:.
12356:.
12341:.
12326:.
12311:.
12296:.
12229:.
12214:.
12182:.
12167:.
12152:.
12137:.
12122:.
12107:.
12092:.
12077:.
12048:.
12033:.
12018:.
12003:.
11988:.
11945:.
11930:.
11904:.
11886:.
11871:.
11856:.
11841:.
11826:.
11811:.
11796:.
11781:.
11766:.
11751:.
11730:.
11708::
11682:.
11654:.
11626:.
11597::
11569:.
11544:.
11518:.
11493:.
11467:.
11441:.
11415:.
11386:.
11358:.
11330:.
11304:.
11278:.
11250:.
11220:.
11194:.
11168:.
11143:.
11117:.
11091:.
11065:.
11035:.
11009:.
10983:.
10957:.
10928:.
10924::
10903:.
10880:.
10858::
10837:.
10811:.
10785:.
10760:.
10718:.
10686:.
10651:.
10625:.
10549:.
10521:.
10506:.
10377:)
10375:.
10342:.
10311:.
10158:.
10132:.
10106:.
10094::
10088:4
10000:.
9986:.
9810:.
9729:.
9703:.
9630:.
9449:.
9423:"
9415:"
9246:"
9209:.
9114:.
9034:.
9008:.
8973:.
8849:.
8768:.
8750:"
8715:.
8494:.
8477:.
8376:.
8350:.
8300:.
8268:.
8233:.
8216:"
8194:"
8183:"
8163:.
8138:.
8115:.
8092:.
8069:.
7972:.
7954:.
7928:.
7858:.
7810:.
7758:.
7700:.
7646:.
7609:.
7574:.
7519:.
7421:.
7395:.
7368:.
7310:.
7276:.
7034:.
6978:.
6928:.
6892:.
6805:.
6765:.
6751::
6745:1
6706:.
6680:.
6653:.
6447:.
6421:.
6301:.
6273::
6230:.
6212:.
6121:.
6095:.
6034:.
5956:.
5849:1
5700:.
5391:.
5209:"
5199:.
5172:.
5146:.
4743:(
4735:(
4688:)
4684:(
4641:,
4285:.
2690:(
2680:(
2670:(
2664:,
2659:(
2511:(
2495:(
1756:,
1523:.
1235:.
167:)
163:(
45:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.