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1529:) studied the rhythms of Sanskrit poetry. Syllables in Sanskrit are either long or short. Long syllables have twice the length of short syllables. The question he asked is How many rhythm patterns with a given total length can be formed from short and long syllables? For example, how many patterns have the length of five short syllables (i.e. five "beats")? There are eight: SSSSS, SSSL, SSLS, SLSS, LSSS, SLL, LSL, LLS. As rhythm patterns, these are xxxxx, xxxx., xxx.x, xx.xx, x.xxx, xx.x., x.xx., x.x.x
946:
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1313:). He gave a detailed grammar of Apabhraṃśa and also illustrated it with the folk literature of the time for better understanding. It is the only known Apabhraṃśa grammar. He wrote the grammar in form of rules, with 8 Adhyayas (Chapters) and "Tattvaprakaashika prakash" with "maharnav nyaas" in one year.
1391:
and further suggests that
Draupadi was Nagasri in one of her previous lives and had poisoned a Jain monk. Therefore, she had to suffer in hell and animal incarnations for several lives before being born as woman who later became a Jain nun. After her death, she was reborn as Draupadi and was married
920:
Some years later, Hemachandra was initiated a Jain monk on Magha Sud Chauth (4th day of the bright half of Magha month) and was given a new name, Somchandra. Udayana helped
Devchandra Suri in the ceremony. He was trained in religious discourse, philosophy, logic and grammar and became well versed in
1067:
because it was prophesied that the kingdom would meet its demise at
Kumarapala's hands. Hemachandra hid Kumarapala under a pile of manuscripts to save him. However, such motifs are common in Indian folk literature, so it is unlikely it was an actual historical event. Also, many sources differ on
1373:", their asceticism and eventual liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth, as well as the legendary spread of the Jain influence. It still serves as the standard synthesis of source material for the early history of Jainism. The appendix to this work, the
917:, where Hemachandra was placed under the care of the local governor Udayana. Chachiga came to Udayana's place to take his son back, but was so overwhelmed by the kind treatment he received, that he decided to willingly leave his son with Devachandra.
912:
Devachandra Suri visited
Dhandhuka and was impressed by the young Hemachandra's intellect. His mother and maternal uncle concurred with Devachandra, in opposition to his father, that Hemachandra be a disciple of his. Devachandra took Hemachandra to
1317:
had installed the grammar work in Patan's (historically
Anhilpur) state library. Many copies were made of it, and many schemes were announced for the study of the grammar. Scholars named Kaakal and Kaayasth took great efforts to teach the grammar.
2198:
This sequence was first described by the Indian mathematicians Gopala and
Hemachandra in 1150, who were investigating the possible ways of exactly packing items of length 1 and 2 into containers. In the West it was first studied by
1034:
after himself and the king. Siddharaja was so pleased with the work that he ordered it to be placed on the back of an elephant and paraded through the streets of
Anhilwad Patan. Hemachandra also composed the
1018:. He was so impressed by it that he told the scholars in his court to produce a grammar that was as easy and lucid. Hemachandra requested Siddharaja to find the eight best grammatical treatises from
993:, the earliest biography of Hemachandra, Jayasimha spotted Hemachandra while passing through the streets of his capital. The king was impressed with an impromptu verse uttered by the young monk.
1338:
1261:
900:, on Kartika Sud Purnima (the full moon day of Kartika month). His date of birth differs according to sources but 1088 is generally accepted. His father, Chachiga-deva was a Modh Bania
1089:. Some Hindu saints who were jealous of Hemachandra's rising popularity with the Kumarapala complained that Hemachandra was a very arrogant person, that he did not respect the
884:(“Deeds of the 63 Illustrious Men”), a Sanskrit epic poem on the history of important figures of Jainism. Later in his life, he changed his name to Hemachandra.
1160:
in the name of religion was completely uprooted in
Gujarat. As a result, even almost 900 years after Hemchandra, Gujarat still continues to be a predominantly
1156:. His influence on Kumarapala resulted in Jainism becoming the official religion of Gujarat and animal slaughter was banned in the state. The tradition of
3049:
4934:
3150:
1979:. Bombay Sanskrit and Prakrit Series Book LX. P. L. Vaidya (revision) (2 ed.). Poona: The Bhandarkar Oriental Institute. pp. xxiii–xxv.
1110:
I bow down to him who has destroyed the passions like attachment and malice which are the cause of the cycle of birth and death; whether he is
1246:
and its auto-commentary is a very influential text in Jain thought. According to Olle
Quarnström it is "the most comprehensive treatise on
5152:
1071:
Hemachandra became the advisor to
Kumarapala. During Kumarapala's reign, Gujarat became a center of culture. Using the Jain approach of
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950:
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Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective: With Special Reference to Shroffs of Gujarat, 17th to 19th Centuries
2256:
Olle Quarnström (2002), The Yogaśāstra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth Century Handbook of Śvetāmbara Jainism, Harvard University Press,
5222:
5197:
2164:... before Fibonacci proposed the problem; they were given by Virahanka (between 600 and 800 AD), Gopala (prior to 1 135 AD), ...
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Olle Quarnström, The Yogasastra of Hemacandra : a twelfth century handbook of Svetambara Jainism, 2002, introduction
972:, the four monsoon months, he started living at Patan during these periods and produced the majority of his works there.
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1383:, contains his own commentary and is in itself a treatise of considerable depth It has been translated into English as
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school of Jainism in 1110 and took the name Somachandra. In 1125 he became an adviser to King Kumarapala and wrote
17:
575:
1097:. When called upon to visit the temple on the inauguration with Kumarapala, Hemachandra readily bowed before the
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and other important persons instrumental in defining the Jain philosophical position, collectively called the "
1064:
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1178:. He died at Anhilavad Patan. The year of death differs according to sources but 1173 is generally accepted.
5217:
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1077:, Hemchandra is said to have displayed a broad-minded attitude, which pleased Kumarapala. Kumarapala was a
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He announced about his death six months in advance and fasted in his last days, a Jain practice called
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Bhava Bijankaura-janana Ragadyam Kshayamupagata Yasya, Brahma va Vishnu va Haro Jino va Namastasmai.
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1976:
The Kumarapalacarita (Prakrta Dvyasraya Kavya) of Hemachandra with commentary of Purnakalashagani
1006:
1467:
Thirteen ways of arranging long and short syllables in a cadence of length six, here shown with
964:(Patan). It is not certain when Hemachandra visited Patan for the first time. As Jain monks are
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2056:'Prastaavna', Haim Sanskrit Praveshika by Pandit Shivlal Nemchand Shah, Bhadrankar Prakashan.
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Ultimately, the king became a devoted follower of Hemachandra and a champion of Jainism.
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1092–1141) and soon rose to prominence in the Chaulukya royal court. According to the
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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
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The dates of birth and death differs according to sources. He was initiated aged 21.
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A Noble Heritage: A Collection of Short Stories Based on the Folklore of Saurashtra
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from Dhar along with other things. One day Siddhraja came across the manuscript of
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in Sanskrit. The text is notable for using 1 mm miniaturized Devanagari script.
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2279:. Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications. p. 183.
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The Web's awake: an introduction to the field of Web science and the concept
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908:. Hemchandra's original given name was Changadeva. In his childhood, the
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510:
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Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts
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Starting in 1121, Hemachandra was involved in the construction of the
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2627:
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2516:
2402:
1480:
1306:
1142:
1133:
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965:
934:
893:
842:
733:
723:
698:
533:
485:
364:
106:
1672:
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4892:
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4797:
4787:
4538:
4436:
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4243:
4238:
3751:
3725:
3458:
3135:
2882:
2860:
2718:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2606:
2543:
1388:
1305:(virtually Gurjar Apabhraṃśa, prevalent in the area of Gujarat and
1278:
1207:
1191:
1078:
1063:, there was an incident where Siddharaja wanted to kill his nephew
1051:
921:
Jain and non–Jain scriptures. At the age of 21, he was ordained an
914:
850:
763:
473:
184:
27:
12th-century Jain scholar, poet, writer, mathematician and polymath
1983:
1919:
1354:. It is an important source of history of region of the time. The
1022:. He studied them and produced a new grammar work in the style of
3592:
3368:
3363:
3334:
3197:
2394:
1420:
1342:
Worship of Parshvanatha, Folio from the Siddhahemashabdanushasana
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1211:
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1187:
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216:
141:
861:. Noted as a prodigy by his contemporaries, he gained the title
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3486:
3353:
3319:
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2877:
1199:
1115:
1111:
1098:
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880:, a work on politics from a Jain perspective. He also produced
645:
304:
56:
5025:
4443:
4421:
4369:
3883:
3860:
3329:
1215:
1119:
1094:
1001:
997:
854:
3193:
1483:(1202). He was considering the number of cadences of length
5106:
5094:
2084:
830:
1326:
In 1125, he became an adviser to Kumarapala and wrote the
2460:
Acharya Hemchandra by Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy
1475:
Hemachandra, following the earlier Gopala, described the
838:
2102:
1519: − 2) is what defines the Fibonacci sequence.
1346:
To illustrate the grammar, he produced the epic poetry
2123:
2423:, ed. H. Jacobi, Calcutta, 1883; trans. Fynes (1998).
2347:
1989:
1925:
1396:
follows the model of Kashmiri rhetorician Mammata's
1055:
Idol of Hemachandra at Jain Center of New Jersey, US
2096:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1387:. In the test, Hemchandra accepts the polyandry of
1902:The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (A To Devo)
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1537:His other works are a commentary in rhetoric work
1242:His systematic exposition of the Jain path in the
1427:is a lexicon of words bearing multiple meanings.
865:, "the knower of all knowledge in his times" and
5134:
2441:Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra of Hemchandra
2430:, ed. Muni Jambūvijaya, 3 vols, Bombay, 1977–86.
1905:. Vol. 1. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 15–16.
1435:is the lexicon of local or non-Sanskrit origin.
4935:Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience
2272:
1859:
937:. At this time, he was named Hemachandra Suri.
2027:. Global Vision Pub House. 2005. p. 278.
1330:, a work on politics from a Jain perspective.
1164:state, despite having an extensive coastline.
968:for eight months and stay at one place during
4385:
3177:
2490:
2470:The Golden Mean and the Physics of Aesthetics
2447:Bibliography of Hemachandra's works, Item 687
2366:
2145:Fibonacci and Lucas numbers with applications
2090:
1834:
1832:
1491: − 1, or a long syllable to one of
1301:, the otherwise-unattested Cūlikāpaiśācī and
1093:and that he refused to bow down to Hindu God
1046:
940:
788:
1898:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
2266:
1995:
1784:
1782:
1234:A 12th-century manuscript of Hemachandra's
975:Probably around 1125, he was introduced to
872:Born as Changadeva, he was ordained in the
4392:
4378:
3184:
3170:
2497:
2483:
1899:Datta, Amaresh; various (1 January 2006).
1762:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo
1666:
1664:
1644:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo
795:
781:
55:
2283:
2067:"Hemachandra | Jaina author | Britannica"
1809:
1708:"Hemachandra | Jaina author | Britannica"
1479:in around 1150, about fifty years before
1361:or "Lives of Sixty-Three Great Men" is a
951:Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University
2011:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. xviii.
1779:
1738:. Pearson Education India. p. 241.
1495: − 2. This recursion relation
1462:
1337:
1260:
1229:
1132:
1050:
944:
32:For other people named Hemachandra, see
3191:
2504:
2456:, Karl Potter, University of Washington
2320:
2129:
2001:
1973:Pandit, Shankar Pandurang, ed. (1936).
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1661:
1186:A prodigious writer, Hemachandra wrote
14:
5135:
2242:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2175:
2169:
1972:
1845:. Psychology Press. pp. 134–135.
1838:
956:At the time, Gujarat was ruled by the
4373:
3165:
2478:
2289:
2141:
1795:. Star Publications. pp. 79–80.
1788:
1758:
1731:
1640:
1419:(IAST abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi-kośa) is a
825:saint, scholar, poet, mathematician,
169:Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana, Yogasastra
2135:
2024:Encyclopaedia of Oriental Philosophy
1931:
5122:Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas
2393:Cinnaiya, S., Nayara, H. K., &
2296:. Academic Foundation. p. 65.
2103:Hemacandra; R. C. C. Fynes (1998).
1647:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 15–16.
996:In 1135, when Siddharaja conquered
24:
5153:12th-century Indian mathematicians
2409:
2332:State University of New York Press
1670:
1616:Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs
1309:at that time and the precursor of
1225:
882:Trishashti-shalaka-purusha-charita
25:
5244:
2443:English translation of books 1-10
2434:
2290:Mehta, Makrand (1 January 1991).
5158:12th-century Indian philosophers
4452:
4354:
3192:
1789:Joshi, Dinkar (1 January 2005).
1400:. He quoted other scholars like
1137:Representative Image of Acharya
1039:, an epic on the history of the
762:
223:
2250:
2204:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2015:
1966:
1765:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 15.
1411:
867:father of the Gujarati language
61:Drawing of Hemchandra based on
5223:12th-century Indian historians
5198:12th-century Indian Jain poets
4399:
4290:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
1752:
1725:
1700:
1673:"A Short History of Jaina Law"
1634:
1575:
1532:
1458:
1081:and ordered the rebuilding of
13:
1:
2348:Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1956).
1622:
1609:Gujarat Gazetteers, Volume 18
1563:List of Indian mathematicians
1523:
1043:, to illustrate his grammar.
887:
117:
93:
2106:The Lives of the Jain Elders
1950:. Jain World. Archived from
1627:
1385:The Lives of the Jain Elders
1359:Trīṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacharitra
904:. His mother, Pahini, was a
7:
5188:Cultural history of Gujarat
4556:Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa
4487:Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa
3375:
2109:. Oxford University Press.
1556:
1321:
1265:Hemachandra's grammar text
604:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
380:Aparigraha (non-possession)
10:
5249:
2354:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
2314:
1792:Glimpses of Indian Culture
1442:
1256:
1047:Hemachandra and Kumarapala
1000:, he brought the works of
941:Hemachandra and Siddharaja
590:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
569:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
31:
5208:12th-century Indian monks
5178:Gujarati-language writers
5082:
5044:
5001:
4946:
4461:
4450:
4407:
4351:
4303:
4267:
4150:
4089:
4053:
3983:
3901:
3894:
3846:
3770:
3734:
3684:
3611:
3526:
3472:
3417:
3408:
3232:
3204:
3063:
2987:
2931:
2903:
2893:
2762:
2661:
2620:
2565:
2552:
2512:
1990:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
1926:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
1333:
1275:Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana
1267:Siddhahemashabdanushasana
1032:Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana
192:
178:
173:
165:
155:
147:
137:
113:
85:
80:
72:
54:
41:
4903:Setu Bandha Sarvangasana
2452:13 November 2021 at the
2273:Gujarat (India) (1984).
1568:
1439:is a botanical lexicon.
1363:hagiographical treatment
1277:includes six languages:
1181:
1167:
892:Hemachandra was born in
819: 1172/1173 CE
744:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
597:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
387:Anuvratas (further vows)
5203:12th-century Jain monks
4927:Yogasopana Purvacatuska
4651:Dattatreya Yoga Shastra
4547:Ancient non-meditation
4254:Jain terms and concepts
3874:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
2176:Tetlow, Philip (2007).
1759:Datta, Amaresh (1987).
1732:Singh, Upinder (2008).
1641:Datta, Amaresh (1987).
1007:Sarasvati-Kanthabharana
949:Bust of Hemachandra at
353:Mahavratas (major vows)
76:Acharya Hemchandra Suri
4851:Adho Mukha Vrikshasana
2142:Koshy, Thomas (2001).
1688:Cite journal requires
1472:
1392:to five pandavas. His
1343:
1270:
1239:
1145:
1128:
1068:Siddharaja's motives.
1056:
953:
651:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
562:Samayasāra (Digambara)
375:Brahmacarya (chastity)
5228:Scholars from Gujarat
4698:Sharngadhara-paddhati
4285:List of Jain ascetics
4090:Dynasties and empires
3879:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
2351:Chaulukyas of Gujarat
2184:John Wiley & Sons
2150:John Wiley & Sons
1839:Dundas, Paul (2002).
1471:of length 1cm and 2cm
1466:
1429:Deshi-Shabda-Sangraho
1341:
1264:
1233:
1218:and many branches of
1136:
1103:
1054:
948:
929:school of Jainism at
370:Asteya (non-stealing)
360:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
4839:Hathabhyasa-paddhati
4732:Hatha Yoga Pradipika
4280:List of Jain temples
3076:Chandrashekhar Vijay
2465:The Rhythm of Poetry
2399:Cakita kare Fibonācī
2003:Meghani, Jhaverchand
1543:Abhidhana-chintamani
1315:Jayasimha Siddharaja
1030:. He named his work
977:Jayasimha Siddharaja
810:was a 12th century (
529:Schools and Branches
5218:Indian male writers
4578:Ahirbudhnya Samhita
4550:Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā
4361:Religion portal
4295:Topics List (index)
3586:Mahamastakabhisheka
2602:Digambara Terapanth
2506:Jain monks and nuns
1455:, with commentary.
1417:Abhidhan-Chintamani
1365:of the twenty four
1287:Maharashtri Prakrit
1010:(also known as the
769:Religion portal
459:The 24 Tirthankaras
5168:History of Gujarat
4913:Urdhva Dhanurasana
4868:Akarna Dhanurasana
4481:Darshana Upanishad
4259:Sexual differences
2866:Ganeshprasad Varni
2527:Indrabhuti Gautama
2417:Sthavirāvalīcarita
2091:Upinder Singh 2016
2071:www.britannica.com
1712:www.britannica.com
1539:Alankara Chudamani
1511: − 1) +
1477:Fibonacci sequence
1473:
1381:Sthavirāvalīcarita
1350:on the history of
1344:
1271:
1240:
1146:
1057:
954:
576:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
34:Hemachandra (name)
5193:Indian Jain monks
5173:Fibonacci numbers
5130:
5129:
4966:Jalandhara Bandha
4721:Paschimottanasana
4663:Vasishtha Samhita
4367:
4366:
4049:
4048:
3828:Hampa Nagarajaiah
3721:Auspicious dreams
3649:Bhaktamara Stotra
3522:
3521:
3159:
3158:
2939:Keśiśramanācharya
2387:978-93-325-6996-6
2378:Pearson Education
2303:978-81-7188-017-1
2193:978-0-470-13794-9
2116:978-0-19-283227-6
2034:978-81-8220-113-2
1912:978-81-260-1803-1
1852:978-0-415-26606-2
1802:978-81-7650-190-3
1772:978-81-260-1803-1
1745:978-81-317-1677-9
1654:978-81-260-1803-1
1352:Chaulukya dynasty
1311:Gujarati language
1281:, the "standard"
1220:Indian philosophy
1059:According to the
1041:Chaulukya dynasty
1014:), a treatise on
958:Chaulukya dynasty
896:, in present-day
815: 1088
805:
804:
424:Micchami Dukkadam
419:Bhaktamara Stotra
348:Ethics of Jainism
202:
201:
197:Acharya (Jainism)
188:by Devchandrasuri
151:Chachinga, Pahini
16:(Redirected from
5240:
5233:Śvetāmbara monks
5117:Yoga using props
5112:Yoga as exercise
4764:Gheranda Samhita
4657:Goraksha Shataka
4595:Vimanarcanakalpa
4456:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4371:
4370:
4359:
4358:
4321:Monks & nuns
4218:Statue of Ahimsa
4175:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
3899:
3898:
3813:Champat Rai Jain
3656:Tattvartha Sutra
3415:
3414:
3378:
3196:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3163:
3162:
2944:Swayamprabhasuri
2923:Kharatara Gaccha
2499:
2492:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2405:: Pratham Books.
2390:
2363:
2344:
2308:
2307:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2264:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2217:. Archived from
2216:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2019:
2013:
2012:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1954:on 29 April 2008
1944:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1896:
1857:
1856:
1836:
1807:
1806:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1638:
1582:
1579:
1528:
1525:
1447:He composed the
1348:Dvyashraya Kavya
1162:lacto-vegetarian
1158:animal sacrifice
1037:Dvyashraya Kavya
1016:Sanskrit grammar
1012:Lakshana Prakash
986:Prabhavakacarita
863:kalikālasarvajña
820:
816:
797:
790:
783:
767:
766:
704:Shravanabelagola
611:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
583:Tattvartha Sutra
227:
204:
203:
174:Religious career
122:
119:
98:
95:
59:
39:
38:
21:
18:Hemchandracharya
5248:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5183:Gujarati people
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5078:
5040:
4997:
4983:Viparita Karani
4976:Uddiyana Bandha
4942:
4770:Hatha Ratnavali
4738:Baddha Konasana
4675:Viparita Karani
4493:Goraksha Sataka
4463:
4457:
4448:
4403:
4398:
4368:
4363:
4353:
4347:
4299:
4263:
4212:Panch Kalyanaka
4146:
4085:
4081:Non-creationism
4045:
3979:
3890:
3842:
3823:Jeffery D. Long
3818:Padmanabh Jaini
3803:Virchand Gandhi
3783:Colette Caillat
3766:
3730:
3680:
3607:
3518:
3468:
3404:
3291:Heavenly beings
3228:
3200:
3190:
3160:
3155:
3146:Daulatsagarsuri
3116:Ratnasundarsuri
3106:Ramchandra Suri
3071:Buddhisagarsuri
3059:
3050:Vidyamandansuri
3015:Kalyansagarsuri
3010:Aryarakshitsuri
3000:Bappabhattisuri
2983:
2949:Ratnaprabhasuri
2927:
2899:
2889:
2758:
2657:
2616:
2561:
2557:Digambara monks
2548:
2508:
2503:
2454:Wayback Machine
2437:
2421:Pariśiṣṭaparvan
2412:
2410:Further reading
2388:
2342:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2271:
2267:
2255:
2251:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2224:on 3 March 2019
2221:
2214:
2212:"Archived copy"
2210:
2209:
2205:
2194:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1897:
1860:
1853:
1837:
1810:
1803:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1671:Flügel, Peter.
1669:
1662:
1655:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1559:
1551:Vitaraga-Stotra
1547:Pramana-mimansa
1535:
1526:
1469:Cuisenaire rods
1461:
1449:Chandonushasana
1445:
1414:
1394:Kavyanuprakasha
1376:Pariśiṣṭaparvan
1336:
1324:
1259:
1228:
1226:Jain philosophy
1184:
1170:
1109:
1108:
1049:
943:
933:in present-day
890:
818:
814:
801:
761:
754:
753:
719:
718:
709:
708:
676:
675:
666:
665:
641:
640:
631:
630:
556:
555:
553:Jain literature
544:
543:
526:
525:
516:
515:
454:
453:
444:
443:
434:Ṇamōkāra mantra
414:
413:
404:
403:
345:
344:
335:
334:
265:
264:
187:
183:
166:Notable work(s)
133:
128:
120:
109:
104:
96:
92:
91:
68:
50:
47:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5246:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5097:
5092:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4988:Khechari mudra
4985:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4930:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4862:Sritattvanidhi
4856:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4845:Joga Pradipika
4833:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4748:Matsyendrasana
4745:
4740:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4669:Vivekamārtaṇḍa
4645:
4644:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4617:Hemachandra's
4606:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4471:
4469:
4459:
4458:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4397:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4036:Southeast Asia
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:Organisations
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3838:Jinendra Varni
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Hermann Jacobi
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:Digambara monk
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3676:Uttaradhyayana
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3644:Namokar Mantra
3638:
3633:
3631:Shatkhandagama
3628:
3626:Pravachanasara
3623:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3437:Kashtha Sangha
3434:
3432:Balatkara Gana
3423:
3421:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3276:Jain cosmology
3273:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3198:Jainism topics
3189:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:Vijayanandsuri
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3101:Vimalsagarsuri
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2871:Jinendra Varni
2868:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2805:Saubhagyasagar
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2585:Kashtha Sangha
2582:
2580:Balatkara Gana
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2444:
2436:
2435:External links
2433:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2391:
2386:
2368:Singh, Upinder
2364:
2345:
2340:
2324:, ed. (1993),
2322:Doniger, Wendy
2316:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2282:
2265:
2262:978-0674009349
2249:
2203:
2192:
2168:
2158:
2134:
2132:, p. 241.
2122:
2115:
2095:
2083:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2033:
2014:
1994:
1982:
1965:
1930:
1918:
1911:
1858:
1851:
1808:
1801:
1778:
1771:
1751:
1744:
1724:
1699:
1690:|journal=
1660:
1653:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1534:
1531:
1527: 1150 CE
1460:
1457:
1444:
1441:
1433:Desi-nama-mala
1425:Anekarth Kosha
1413:
1410:
1408:in his works.
1402:Anandavardhana
1398:Kavya-prakasha
1335:
1332:
1323:
1320:
1258:
1255:
1253:known to us".
1227:
1224:
1183:
1180:
1169:
1166:
1048:
1045:
942:
939:
889:
886:
803:
802:
800:
799:
792:
785:
777:
774:
773:
772:
771:
756:
755:
752:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
720:
716:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
677:
673:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
638:
637:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
621:
618:Silappatikaram
614:
607:
600:
593:
586:
579:
572:
565:
557:
551:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
536:
527:
523:
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
476:
471:
466:
461:
455:
451:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
415:
411:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
396:
390:
389:
383:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
356:
355:
346:
342:
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
266:
260:
259:
258:
255:
254:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
229:
228:
220:
219:
213:
212:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
180:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
131:Anhilwad Patan
129:
115:
111:
110:
105:
89:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
67:1294 palm leaf
60:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5245:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5163:Jain acharyas
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5101:Roots of Yoga
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4993:Vajroli mudra
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4782:Bahr al-Hayāt
4778:
4777:
4776:Yogacintamani
4772:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:Shiva Samhita
4688:
4687:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:Sopasrayasana
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4460:
4455:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4395:
4390:
4388:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4362:
4357:
4350:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:List of Jains
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4200:Jain calendar
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4041:United States
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3975:Uttar Pradesh
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Nalini Balbir
3776:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:Vegetarianism
3554:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3152:
3151:Hansratnasuri
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Kalapurnasuri
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:Jinadattasuri
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Upkeśa Gaccha
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:Bhadrabahu II
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Samantabhadra
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2532:Sudharmaswami
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2404:
2400:
2397:, R. (2017).
2396:
2392:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:0-7914-1381-0
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2159:9780471399698
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2093:, p. 26.
2092:
2087:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1992:, p. 83.
1991:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1928:, p. 97.
1927:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1695:
1682:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1618:, (1089–1173)
1617:
1613:
1611:, (1087–1174)
1610:
1606:
1604:, (1088–1173)
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1437:Niganthu Sesa
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1406:Abhinavagupta
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
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1141:and Maharaja
1140:
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1117:
1113:
1107:
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1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:vedic deities
1088:
1087:Prabhas Patan
1084:
1080:
1076:
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1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:Prabhachandra
1053:
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848:
847:lexicographer
844:
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540:
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501:Samantabhadra
499:
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489:
487:
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472:
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467:
465:
462:
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457:
456:
452:Major figures
448:
447:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
429:Navkar Mantra
427:
425:
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420:
417:
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365:Satya (truth)
363:
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79:
75:
73:Official name
71:
66:
65:
64:Vikram Samvat
58:
53:
40:
35:
30:
19:
5143:1080s births
5099:
4933:
4925:
4908:Tittibhasana
4873:Bhairavasana
4860:
4843:
4837:
4803:Kraunchasana
4793:Bhujangasana
4780:
4774:
4768:
4762:
4730:
4716:Gorakshasana
4710:Yogatārāvalī
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4686:Khecarīvidyā
4684:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4639:
4618:
4612:Amritasiddhi
4610:
4593:
4576:
4554:
4548:
4534:Svastikasana
4491:
4485:
4479:
4422:Five sheaths
4417:Three bodies
4216:
4195:Samavasarana
4185:Śalākāpuruṣa
3793:John E. Cort
3704:Ashtamangala
3699:Siddhachakra
3636:Kasayapahuda
3603:Pratikramana
3511:Sthānakavāsī
3269:Anekāntavāda
3265:Jaina logic
3259:Kevala Jñāna
3254:Epistemology
3111:Rajendrasuri
3004:
2969:Devardhigani
2959:Sthulabhadra
2744:Prabhācandra
2669:Amritchandra
2427:
2426:Hemacandra.
2420:
2416:
2415:Hemacandra.
2398:
2372:
2350:
2326:
2292:
2285:
2275:
2268:
2252:
2228:24 September
2226:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2206:
2197:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2144:
2137:
2130:Doniger 1993
2125:
2105:
2098:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2023:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1985:
1975:
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1952:the original
1948:"Hemacandra"
1921:
1901:
1841:
1791:
1761:
1754:
1734:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1681:cite journal
1643:
1636:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1577:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1451:, a work on
1448:
1446:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1412:Lexicography
1397:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:śalākāpuruṣa
1367:tirthankaras
1358:
1347:
1345:
1327:
1325:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1241:
1235:
1185:
1173:
1171:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1105:
1104:
1074:Anekantavada
1072:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1011:
1005:
995:
991:Prabhācandra
984:
974:
955:
919:
891:
881:
877:
871:
866:
862:
839:law theorist
807:
806:
739:Jain symbols
623:
616:
609:
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
478:
439:Jai Jinendra
412:Jain prayers
386:
352:
300:Kevala Jnana
270:Anekantavada
124:
100:
62:
29:
5148:1172 deaths
5090:Modern yoga
5021:Kapalabhati
4971:Mula Bandha
4961:Maha Bandha
4878:Durvasasana
4828:Vrikshasana
4813:Mandukasana
4743:Dhanurasana
4630:Shirshasana
4619:Yogashastra
4609:c. 11th C.
4592:c. 10th C.
4584:Kukkutasana
4499:Gomukhasana
4409:Subtle body
4137:Rashtrakuta
4054:Jainism and
3953:Maharashtra
3911:Bundelkhand
3798:Paul Dundas
3671:Kalpa Sūtra
3666:Aptamimamsa
3551:Monasticism
3482:Murtipujaka
3464:Kanji Panth
3444:Taran Panth
3427:Mula Sangha
3281:Siddhashila
3214:Tirthankara
3141:Vallabhsuri
3091:Mahashraman
3081:Jambuvijaya
3020:Yashovijaya
3005:Hemachandra
2918:Tapa Gaccha
2854:Tarun Sagar
2839:Pranamsagar
2834:Pramansagar
2829:Pragyasagar
2824:Kshamasagar
2780:Deshbhushan
2775:Shantisagar
2754:Taran Svami
2739:Yativṛṣabha
2689:Nemichandra
2643:Pushpadanta
2612:Kanji Panth
2592:Taran Panth
2575:Mula Sangha
2076:14 November
1593:, (1089–??)
1553:(prayers).
1533:Other works
1459:Mathematics
1285:(virtually
1269:in Sanskrit
1210:, texts on
1150:Jain temple
1139:Hemachandra
851:rhetorician
827:philosopher
808:Hemachandra
749:Topics list
674:Pilgrimages
625:Valayapathi
524:Major sects
511:Yashovijaya
315:Brahmacarya
121: 1173
97: 1088
46:Hemachandra
5137:Categories
5003:Shatkarmas
4883:Garudasana
4818:Matsyasana
4808:Makarasana
4753:Utkatasana
4601:Mayurasana
4575:c. 7th C.
4514:Siddhasana
4476:meditation
4401:Hatha yoga
4316:Literature
4205:Samvatsari
3970:Tamil Nadu
3895:Jainism in
3714:Nandavarta
3661:Samayasāra
3613:Literature
3581:Kshamavani
3576:Paryushana
3539:Meditation
3534:Sallekhana
3474:Śvetāmbara
3395:Ratnatraya
3315:Gunasthana
3234:Philosophy
3086:Mahāprajña
3055:Udayaratna
3040:Hiravijaya
3030:Jinaharsha
2995:Haribhadra
2974:Siddhasena
2964:Jinabhadra
2954:Bhadrabahu
2896:Śvetāmbara
2849:Sudhasagar
2844:Pulaksagar
2819:Guptisagar
2790:Guptinandi
2785:Vidyasagar
2749:Vidyananda
2679:Gunabhadra
2633:Kundakunda
2539:Bhadrabahu
2428:Yogaśāstra
2276:Gazetteers
1717:7 February
1623:References
1602:Jain World
1303:Apabhraṃśa
1291:Shauraseni
1248:Śvetāmbara
1244:Yogaśāstra
1236:Yogasastra
1175:sallekhana
1065:Kumarapala
1028:Aṣṭādhyāyī
966:mendicants
962:Anhilavada
927:Śvētāmbara
888:Early life
874:Śvētāmbara
835:grammarian
817: – c.
661:Samvatsari
656:Paryushana
539:Śvetāmbara
506:Haribhadra
496:Siddhasena
491:Kundakunda
399:Sallekhana
325:Gunasthana
320:Aparigraha
262:Philosophy
182:Somchandra
179:Initiation
160:Śvētāmbara
90:Changadeva
5059:Bhastrika
5046:Pranayama
4956:Mahamudra
4898:Pashasana
4823:Vajrasana
4641:Amaraugha
4625:Muktasana
4567:Kurmasana
4562:Dandasana
4529:Sukhasana
4519:Simhasana
4509:Padmasana
4504:Muktasana
4234:Sculpture
4170:Ekendriya
4031:Singapore
4016:Hong Kong
3996:Australia
3965:Rajasthan
3936:Karnataka
3848:Community
3833:Bal Patil
3788:Chandabai
3757:Pattavali
3709:Shrivatsa
3694:Jain flag
3571:Festivals
3527:Practices
3515:Terapanth
3502:Tristutik
3492:Kharatara
3454:Terapanth
3449:Bispanthi
3419:Digambara
3242:Five Vows
3219:Ganadhara
3096:Prem Suri
3045:Manatunga
3035:Anandghan
2979:Vimalsuri
2800:Aryanandi
2795:Gyansagar
2734:Aparajita
2724:Kumudendu
2714:Manatunga
2684:Pujyapada
2653:Vattakera
2648:Bhutabali
2628:Dharasena
2597:Bispanthi
2522:Ganadhara
2517:Pattavali
2403:Bengaluru
1842:The Jains
1628:Citations
1549:(logic),
1481:Fibonacci
1356:epic poem
1328:Arhanniti
1307:Rajasthan
1143:Kumarpala
1101:but said:
970:Chaturmas
935:Rajasthan
910:Jain monk
902:Vaishnava
894:Dhandhuka
878:Arhanniti
859:prosodist
843:historian
821:) Indian
734:Jain flag
724:Ekendriya
699:Shikharji
639:Festivals
534:Digambara
486:Ganadhara
275:Cosmology
148:Parent(s)
125:see notes
107:Dhandhuka
101:see notes
5213:Jain law
5069:Kumbhaka
5064:Bhramari
4893:Navasana
4888:Halasana
4859:19th C.
4836:18th C.
4798:Kakasana
4788:Bakasana
4761:17th C.
4729:15th C.
4704:Yogabīja
4683:14th C.
4648:13th C.
4638:12th C.
4539:Virasana
4474:Ancient
4437:Sushumna
4326:Scholars
4304:Navboxes
4163:Timeline
4112:Ikshvaku
4097:Chalukya
4066:Hinduism
4061:Buddhism
4026:Pakistan
3984:Overseas
3771:Scholars
3752:Kshullak
3735:Ascetics
3726:Swastika
3544:Sāmāyika
3459:Yapaniya
3410:Branches
3136:Nemisuri
2988:Medieval
2898:ascetics
2883:Gyanmati
2861:Kshullak
2729:Harisena
2719:Ravisena
2709:Akalanka
2704:Jayasena
2699:Jinasena
2694:Virasena
2662:Medieval
2607:Yapaniya
2567:Branches
2544:Umaswati
2450:Archived
2370:(2016),
2238:cite web
2005:(2003).
1557:See also
1389:Draupadi
1322:Politics
1279:Sanskrit
1208:lexicons
1192:Sanskrit
1188:grammars
915:Khambhat
855:logician
689:Palitana
474:Mahavira
464:Rishabha
394:Sāmāyika
245:Timeline
209:a series
207:Part of
185:Khambhat
138:Religion
81:Personal
5083:Related
5054:Anuloma
5036:Trataka
4336:America
4331:Temples
4180:Pratima
4158:History
4151:Related
4142:Santara
4122:Kalinga
4117:Kadamba
4107:Hoysala
4076:Sikhism
4001:Belgium
3931:Haryana
3926:Gujarat
3856:Śrāvaka
3762:Acharya
3686:Symbols
3640:Mantra
3593:Upadhan
3566:Rituals
3561:Fasting
3400:Kashaya
3390:Saṃsāra
3369:Nirjara
3364:Samvara
3335:Pudgala
3224:Arihant
2932:Ancient
2905:Gacchas
2770:Acharya
2621:Ancient
2395:Mathura
2360:4413150
2315:Sources
1614:As per
1607:As per
1596:As per
1589:As per
1453:prosody
1443:Prosody
1421:lexicon
1299:Paiśācī
1283:Prakrit
1257:Grammar
1251:Jainism
1212:science
1204:prosody
1196:Prakrit
1154:Taranga
1083:Somnath
1020:Kashmir
925:of the
923:acharya
898:Gujarat
729:Temples
480:Arihant
330:Saṃsāra
240:History
217:Jainism
142:Jainism
43:Acharya
5074:Ujjayi
5011:Dhauti
4948:Mudras
4478:seats
4466:Asanas
4427:Chakra
4341:Bengal
4249:Nigoda
4224:Temple
4190:Tirtha
4132:Pandya
4127:Maurya
4011:Europe
4006:Canada
3991:Africa
3958:Mumbai
3948:Kerala
3747:Aryika
3487:Gaccha
3359:Bandha
3354:Asrava
3349:Tattva
3340:Dharma
3320:Dravya
3308:Causes
3286:Naraka
3247:Ahimsa
3064:Modern
2878:Aryika
2763:Modern
2384:
2358:
2338:
2300:
2260:
2190:
2156:
2113:
2031:
1909:
1849:
1799:
1769:
1742:
1651:
1591:Dundas
1423:while
1334:Poetry
1295:Magahi
1200:poetry
1116:Vishnu
1112:Brahma
1099:lingam
1079:Shaiva
1024:Pāṇini
931:Nagaur
857:, and
694:Girnar
646:Diwali
469:Pārśva
343:Ethics
310:Tattva
305:Dravya
290:Dharma
280:Ahimsa
5026:Nauli
5016:Basti
4932:1943
4924:1905
4921:Late
4462:Texts
4444:Prana
4268:Lists
4229:Stupa
4102:Ganga
4071:Islam
4021:Japan
3941:North
3916:Delhi
3903:India
3884:JAINA
3866:Tamil
3861:Sarak
3621:Agama
3598:Tapas
3385:Death
3376:Mokṣa
3330:Ajiva
3303:Types
3298:Karma
3126:Tulsi
2222:(PDF)
2215:(PDF)
1958:6 May
1598:Datta
1569:Notes
1216:logic
1182:Works
1168:Death
1120:Shiva
1095:Shiva
1002:Bhoja
998:Malwa
960:from
717:Other
679:Tirth
295:Mokṣa
285:Karma
250:Index
235:Jains
5107:Yoga
5095:Nath
5031:Neti
4432:Nadi
4311:Gods
3497:Tapa
3325:Jīva
3206:Gods
2814:Muni
2382:ISBN
2356:OCLC
2336:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2258:ISBN
2244:link
2230:2019
2188:ISBN
2154:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2078:2021
2029:ISBN
1960:2008
1907:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1797:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1740:ISBN
1719:2022
1694:help
1675:: 5.
1649:ISBN
1600:and
1522:He (
1503:) =
1404:and
1273:The
1214:and
1194:and
1124:Jina
906:Jain
831:yogi
823:Jain
193:Post
156:Sect
114:Died
86:Born
49:Suri
4244:Law
4239:Art
3921:Goa
2419:or
2199:...
1431:or
1379:or
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1190:of
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