242:
389:, with which his name is specially associated, and which have been of enormous advantage to astronomical spectroscopy. These gratings consist of pieces of metal or glass ruled by means of a diamond point with a very large number of parallel lines, on the extreme accuracy of which their efficiency depends. For their production, therefore, dividing engines of extraordinary trueness and delicacy were required, and in the construction of such machines Rowland's engineering skill brought him conspicuous success. The results of his labors may be found in the elaborate
283:
417:
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1025:
378:'s paddle-wheel method, though with many improvements, the whole apparatus being on a larger scale and the experiments being conducted over a wider range of temperature. He obtained a result distinctly higher than Joule's final figure. Additionally, he made many valuable observations on the thermodynamics involved, and on the variation of the specific heat of water, which Joule had assumed to be the same at all temperatures.
51:
355:, asked advice in Europe as to whom they should make their professor of physics, Rowland was overwhelmingly recommended as the best choice. In 1876, he became the first occupant of the chair of physics at Johns Hopkins University, a position which he retained until his death in Baltimore on April 16, 1901.
332:
Rowland was considered one of the most brilliant
American scientists of his day. However, initially his merits were not perceived in his own country. He was unable to secure the publication of many of his early scientific papers; but
373:
appointed for the purpose, but ultimately he had the satisfaction of seeing his own result accepted as the more correct of the two. The other was a new determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat. In this he used
1000:
1219:
408:, in 1883 an important document for the understanding of the relationship between science in university and in commercial contexts in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
739:"On the mechanical equivalent of heat, with subsidiary researches on the variation of the mercurial from the air-thermometer and on the variation of the specific heat of water"
1040:
1212:
1187:
362:
in Berlin (1875–76), and carried out a well-known research on the effect of an electrically charged body in motion, showing it to give rise to a magnetic field.
2021:
2016:
1205:
1981:
258:
40:
552:
302:
pastor. From an early age, the younger
Rowland exhibited marked scientific tastes and spent his spare time in electrical and chemical experiments.
2001:
321:
After college, Rowland worked for the
Western New York railway, but he did not like the work. He became an instructor in natural science at the
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1991:
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2011:
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2006:
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In the interval between his selection to Johns
Hopkins and the assumption of his duties there, he studied physics under
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1996:
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788:"Appendix to paper on the mechanical equivalent of heat, containing the comparison with Dr. Joule's thermometer"
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369:. For this he obtained a value which was substantially different from that ascertained by the committee of the
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After settling in
Baltimore, Rowland focused on two important pieces of work. One was a redetermination of the
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329:. He resigned in order to return to Troy as assistant professor of physics at Rensselaer.
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and Johns
Hopkins educator. Between 1899 and 1901 he served as the first president of the
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1135:"List of Fellows and Associates deceased during the past year: Henry Augustus Rowland"
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He was so closely associated with diffraction gratings that his 1897 portrait by
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In his later years, Rowland was engaged in developing a system of multiplex
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Hermann von
Helmholtz and the Foundations of Nineteenth-century Science
401:
208:
902:
Proceedings of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
803:
754:
612:
The
Creation of Scientific Effects: Heinrich Hertz and Electric Waves
597:
Science at the
American Frontier: A Biography of DeWitt Bristol Brace
348:
263:
162:
90:
1118:
352:
94:
1030:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
274:
he made and for the work he did with them on the solar spectrum.
924:"Henry Augustus Rowland | American Academy of Arts and Sciences"
50:
1227:
366:
792:
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
743:
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
692:"Research on the absolute unit of electrical resistance"
337:
at once saw their excellence, and had them printed in
262:(November 27, 1848 – April 16, 1901) was an American
667:"Note on the magnetic effect of electric convection"
838:: 95. November 23, 1882 – via hathitrust.org.
277:
1139:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
435:, of which Rowland was a member, awarded him the
1948:
270:. He is remembered for the high quality of the
642:"On the magnetic effect of electric convection"
952:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
629:. University of California Press. p. 397.
2022:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1213:
1174:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press – via
1171:The Physical Papers of Henry Augustus Rowland
391:Photographic Map of the Normal Solar Spectrum
1049:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2017:Presidents of the American Physical Society
1229:Presidents of the American Physical Society
614:. University of Chicago Press. p. 354.
599:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 22.
553:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
536:
19:For his father, the American minister, see
1220:
1206:
851:"On concave gratings for optical purposes"
49:
1158:
762:
594:
420:Rowland holding a diffraction grating by
1982:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
1035:
609:
447:in 1895. In 1896, he was elected to the
415:
281:
2002:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
1167:
895:
848:
785:
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689:
664:
639:
1949:
942:
595:Cahan, David; Rudd, M. Eugene (2000).
1972:American scientific instrument makers
1201:
908:: 105–126 – via hathitrust.org.
679:: 442–443 – via hathitrust.org.
624:
429:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1992:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1090:
411:
385:, Rowland gave a description of the
1075:Rowland's work and published papers
654:: 30–38 – via hathitrust.org.
530:
13:
516:shows him holding one in his hand.
14:
2033:
2012:Recipients of the Matteucci Medal
1053:
702:(88): 281–291, 325–336, 430–439.
439:in 1890 for his contributions to
286:Rowland with his dividing machine
21:Henry Augustus Rowland (minister)
2007:19th-century American physicists
1977:Johns Hopkins University faculty
1168:Rowland, Henry Augustus (1902).
1059:
1023:
307:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
278:Early life, family and education
240:
177:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
107:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
993:
968:
916:
889:
842:
826:"Physical Society, November 11"
818:
779:
547:"Rowland, Henry Augustus"
506:
730:
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658:
633:
618:
603:
588:
560:
455:in Baltimore was designated a
449:American Philosophical Society
16:American physicist (1848–1901)
1:
1086:American Institute of Physics
523:
1193:National Academy of Sciences
433:National Academy of Sciences
7:
1957:American optical physicists
1487:Charles Christian Lauritsen
1080:September 27, 2012, at the
885:– via hathitrust.org.
726:– via hathitrust.org.
696:American Journal of Science
647:American Journal of Science
584:– via Newspapers.com.
576:. April 16, 1901. p. 1
489:X-ray emission spectroscopy
462:
427:Rowland was elected to the
395:Table of Solar Wave-Lengths
10:
2038:
1987:College of Wooster faculty
1356:William Francis Gray Swann
849:Rowland, Henry A. (1883).
737:Rowland, Henry A. (1880).
690:Rowland, Henry A. (1878).
457:National Historic Landmark
453:Henry August Rowland House
383:Physical Society of London
18:
1923:Sylvester James Gates Jr.
1795:
1640:
1479:
1336:
1267:Edward Leamington Nichols
1235:
1098:The Astrophysical Journal
898:"A plea for pure science"
610:Buchwald, Jed Z. (1994).
469:History of the Tesla coil
316:
268:American Physical Society
239:
234:
230:
217:Charles Elwood Mendenhall
213:William Jackson Humphreys
196:
186:
168:
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130:
112:
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79:
57:
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30:
1660:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
1493:John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
1321:Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
1093:"Henry Augustus Rowland"
1091:Ames, Joseph S. (1901).
875:10.2475/ajs.s3-26.152.87
716:10.2475/ajs.s3-15.88.281
556:. New York: D. Appleton.
499:
345:Johns Hopkins University
181:Johns Hopkins University
1997:Phillips Academy alumni
1678:Arthur Leonard Schawlow
1434:Arthur Jeffrey Dempster
1422:Percy Williams Bridgman
1297:Robert Andrews Millikan
1160:10.1093/mnras/62.4.245a
1046:Encyclopædia Britannica
1041:Rowland, Henry Augustus
896:Rowland, H. A. (1883).
786:Rowland, H. A. (1881).
764:2027/njp.32101062298755
665:Rowland, H. A. (1879).
640:Rowland, H. A. (1878).
406:A Plea for Pure Science
343:. When the managers of
292:Honesdale, Pennsylvania
72:Honesdale, Pennsylvania
1577:John Archibald Wheeler
1464:Francis Wheeler Loomis
1398:John Torrence Tate Sr.
1285:Benjamin Osgood Peirce
1243:Henry Augustus Rowland
1183:Henry Augustus Rowland
1066:Henry Augustus Rowland
855:Philosophical Magazine
672:Philosophical Magazine
424:
340:Philosophical Magazine
296:Henry Augustus Rowland
287:
251:Henry Augustus Rowland
32:Henry Augustus Rowland
1780:Jerome Isaac Friedman
1458:J. Robert Oppenheimer
1279:William Francis Magie
1255:Arthur Gordon Webster
625:Cahan, David (1993).
419:
360:Hermann von Helmholtz
323:University of Wooster
285:
191:Hermann von Helmholtz
173:University of Wooster
1744:Donald N. Langenberg
1732:Nicolaas Bloembergen
1601:Edward Mills Purcell
1511:Raymond Thayer Birge
1309:Joseph Sweetman Ames
1188:Biographical Memoirs
1005:search.amphilsoc.org
1001:"APS Member History"
950:"Henry Draper Medal"
910:Also available from
568:"Prof. Rowland Dead"
387:diffraction gratings
381:In 1882, before the
313:, New York in 1870.
290:Rowland was born in
272:diffraction gratings
201:Joseph Sweetman Ames
1917:Philip H. Bucksbaum
1809:William F. Brinkman
1696:Mildred Dresselhaus
1619:Joseph Edward Mayer
1595:Luis Walter Alvarez
1559:John Harry Williams
1386:Harrison M. Randall
1344:Karl Taylor Compton
1249:Albert A. Michelson
1151:1902MNRAS..62R.245.
1111:1901ApJ....13..241A
956:on January 26, 2013
930:. February 10, 2023
867:1883AmJS...26...87R
708:1878AmJS...15..281R
484:Magnetic reluctance
479:Magnetomotive force
371:British Association
335:James Clerk Maxwell
294:, where his father
225:Albert Francis Zahm
221:Harry Fielding Reid
117:Diffraction grating
1881:Malcolm R. Beasley
1845:Arthur Bienenstock
1720:James A. Krumhansl
1666:Lewis M. Branscomb
1553:William V. Houston
1523:Henry DeWolf Smyth
1452:Lee Alvin DuBridge
1392:Lyman James Briggs
1380:Floyd K. Richtmyer
1064:Works by or about
976:"Henry A. Rowland"
494:X-ray fluorescence
437:Henry Draper Medal
425:
305:He graduated from
288:
140:Henry Draper Medal
1944:
1943:
1875:Michael S. Turner
1714:Val Logsdon Fitch
1684:Maurice Goldhaber
1648:William A. Fowler
1583:Charles H. Townes
1470:Isidor Isaac Rabi
1303:Henry A. Bumstead
980:www.nasonline.org
573:The Baltimore Sun
412:Honors and awards
248:
247:
197:Doctoral students
187:Academic advisors
153:Scientific career
68:November 27, 1848
2029:
1851:Cherry A. Murray
1768:D. Allan Bromley
1738:Ernest M. Henley
1726:Eugen Merzbacher
1702:Robert R. Wilson
1541:Victor Weisskopf
1535:George Uhlenbeck
1410:George B. Pegram
1222:
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1199:
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1176:Internet Archive
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861:(152): 197–210.
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1929:Frances Hellman
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1815:Myriam Sarachik
1803:George Trilling
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1786:James S. Langer
1762:J.R. Schrieffer
1672:Herman Feshbach
1636:
1631:Chien-Shiung Wu
1613:Philip M. Morse
1547:Frederick Seitz
1475:
1440:Harvey Fletcher
1332:
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1082:Wayback Machine
1056:
1039:, ed. (1911). "
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445:Matteucci Medal
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1119:10.1086/140814
1105:(331): 681–4.
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1054:External links
1052:
1037:Chisholm, Hugh
1018:
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967:
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928:www.amacad.org
915:
888:
857:. 5th series.
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698:. 3rd series.
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675:. 5th series.
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650:. 3rd series.
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121:Rowland circle
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113:Known for
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1499:Enrico Fermi
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300:Presbyterian
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169:Institutions
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125:Rowland ring
85:(1901-04-16)
25:
1967:1901 deaths
1962:1848 births
1911:David Gross
1887:Sam Aronson
1821:Helen Quinn
1654:George Pake
1571:Felix Bloch
1529:Jesse Beams
1404:John Zeleny
376:J. P. Joule
1951:Categories
1893:Homer Neal
1350:Henry Gale
1273:Henry Crew
1261:Carl Barus
1070:Wikisource
912:Wikisource
749:: 75–200.
524:References
402:telegraphy
209:Edwin Hall
205:Louis Bell
64:1848-11-27
1641:1976–2000
1517:E. Wigner
1480:1951–1975
1337:1926–1950
1236:1899–1925
1010:March 11,
985:March 11,
934:March 11,
883:130060693
798:: 38–45.
724:219243060
542:Fiske, J.
349:Baltimore
264:physicist
235:Signature
163:Physicist
91:Baltimore
1505:H. Bethe
1185:—
1127:17742297
1078:Archived
812:25138596
773:25138563
463:See also
397:(1898).
353:Maryland
255:ForMemRS
95:Maryland
37:ForMemRS
1191:of the
1147:Bibcode
1107:Bibcode
1034::
863:Bibcode
704:Bibcode
580:May 26,
259:HonFRSE
41:HonFRSE
1937:(2023)
1931:(2022)
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831:Nature
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317:Career
298:was a
159:Fields
147:(1895)
142:(1890)
137:(1883)
131:Awards
97:, U.S.
74:, U.S.
1796:2001–
879:S2CID
808:JSTOR
769:JSTOR
720:S2CID
500:Notes
257:
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1123:PMID
1012:2024
987:2024
962:2011
936:2024
582:2022
311:Troy
80:Died
58:Born
1155:doi
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