Henry Morgan - Knowledge

666:. As they stripped the city of its wealth it is probable that torture was used on the residents to uncover hidden caches of money and jewels. Zahedieh records that there were no first-hand reports from witnesses that confirmed Exquemelin's claim of widespread rape and debauchery. After an attempt by Don Agustín to recapture the city by force – his army of 800 soldiers was repelled by the privateers – he negotiated a ransom of 100,000 pesos. Following the ransom and the plunder of the city, Morgan returned to Port Royal, with between £70,000 and £100,000 of money and valuables; Zahedieh reports that the figures were more than the agricultural output of Jamaica, and nearly half Barbados's sugar exports. Each privateer received £120 – equivalent to five or six times the average annual earnings of a sailor of the time. Morgan received a five per cent share for his work; Modyford received a ten per cent share, which was the price of Morgan's letter of marque. As Morgan had overstepped the limits of his commission, Modyford reported back to London that he had "reproved" him for his actions although, Zahedieh observes, in Britain "Morgan was widely viewed as a national hero and neither he nor Modyford were rebuked for their actions". 928:, arrived at Old Panama City on 27 January 1671; they camped overnight before attacking the following day. They were opposed by approximately 1,200 Spanish infantry and 400 cavalry; most were inexperienced. Morgan sent a 300-strong party of men down a ravine that led to the foot of a small hill on the Spanish right flank. As they disappeared from view, the Spanish front line thought the privateers were retreating, and the left wing broke rank and chased, followed by the remainder of the defending infantry. They were met with well-organised firing from Morgan's main force of troops. When the party came into view at the end of the ravine, they were charged by the Spanish cavalry, but organised fire destroyed the cavalry and the party attacked the flank of the main Spanish force. In an effort to disorganise Morgan's forces, the governor of Panama released two herds of oxen and bulls onto the battlefield; scared by the noise of the gunfire, they turned and stampeded over their keepers and some of the remaining Spanish troops. The battle was a rout: the Spanish lost between 400 and 500 men, against 15 privateers killed. 1085:. Criticism of Morgan's governance was also fomented in London by two former governors of Jamaica, Carbery and Lynch. After Lynch paid £50,000 to Charles II, Morgan's commissions as lieutenant-governor and lieutenant-general were revoked and Lynch was appointed as the island's governor; Morgan still retained his position on the Assembly of Jamaica. Morgan had been a heavy drinker for several years; he felt his reputation tarnished and received the news of the revocation of his positions badly, increasing his intake of alcohol to the point where his health began to suffer. Lynch removed Morgan's supporters from the Assembly of Jamaica by 1683, and in October that year he removed Morgan and his brother-in-law, leaving the assembly packed with men loyal to him. In 1684 Lynch died, and was temporarily replaced as governor by his friend, the lieutenant-general, 835:, tried to move away from the burning vessel, but a problem with the rigging meant they drifted aimlessly; privateers boarded the ship, fixed the rigging and claimed the craft as plunder. The third Spanish vessel was also sunk by the privateers. Morgan still needed to pass the San Carlos de la Barra Fortress, but was still out-gunned by the stronghold, which had the ability to destroy the privateer fleet if it tried to pass. The privateer decided to negotiate, and threatened to sack and burn Maracaibo if he was not allowed to pass. Although Espinosa refused to negotiate, the citizens of Maracaibo entered into talks with Morgan, and agreed to pay him 20,000 pesos and 500 head of cattle if he agreed to leave the city intact. During the course of the negotiations with the Maracaibos, Morgan had undertaken salvage operations on 563: 602: 1033: 812: 792:

Alonso del Campo y Espinosa, had 126 cannon with which to attack Morgan, and had re-armed San Carlos de la Barra Fortress. The Spaniards had orders to end piracy in the Caribbean, and negotiations between Morgan and Espinosa continued for a week. The final offer put by the Spanish commander was for Morgan to leave all their spoils and slaves and to return to Jamaica unmolested, but no agreement was reached that would allow Morgan and his men to pass the fleet with their spoils but without attack. Morgan put the Spaniards' offers to his men, who voted instead to fight their way out. As they were heavily outgunned, one privateer suggested that a

788:

tortured to find where money or treasure had been hidden. Satisfied he had stolen all he could, he sailed south across Lake Maracaibo, to Gibraltar. The town's occupants refused to surrender, and the fort fired enough of a barrage to ensure Morgan kept his distance. He anchored a short distance away and his men landed by canoe and assaulted the town from the landward approach. He met scant resistance, as many of the occupants had fled into the surrounding jungle. He spent five weeks in Gibraltar, and there was again evidence that torture was used to force residents to reveal hidden money and valuables.

1282:

are reliable reports that it was carried out in Panama. The historian Patrick Pringle observes that while torture seems cruel and ruthless to contemporary eyes, it was an accepted part of judicial interrogation in many European countries at the time. Morgan always fought with a commission from the governor of Jamaica. In doing so, he was acting as a reserve naval force for the English government in the defence of Jamaica. As the Spanish did not recognise privateering as a legal activity, even if a captain carried letters of marque, they considered Morgan to be a pirate, something he firmly rejected.

869: 890:, ordered attacks on English shipping in the Caribbean. The first action took place in March 1670 when Spanish privateers attacked English trade ships. In response Modyford commissioned Morgan "to do and perform all manner of exploits, which may tend to the preservation and quiet of this island". By December Morgan was sailing toward the Spanish Main with a fleet of over 30 English and French ships carrying a large number of privateers. Zahedieh observes that the army of privateers was the largest that had gathered in the Caribbean at the time, which was "a mark of Morgan's renown". 932: 1243: 917:, on the Pacific coast. Much of the journey was on foot, through dense rainforests and swamps. The governor of Panama had been forewarned of a potential attack, and had sent Spanish troops to attack Morgan and his men along the route. The privateers transferred to canoes to complete part of the journey, but were still able to beat off the ambushes with ease. After three days, with the river difficult to navigate in places, and with the jungle thinning out, Morgan landed his men and travelled overland across the remaining part of the 957: 598:, who sailed with Morgan, "It caused a general resentment and grief, to see such a small booty". When Morgan reported the taking of Puerto Principe to Modyford, he informed the governor that they had evidence that the Spanish were planning an attack on British territory: "we found seventy men had been pressed to go against Jamaica ... and considerable forces were expected from Vera Cruz and Campeachy ... and from Porto Bello and Cartagena to rendezvous at St Jago of Cuba ". 774: 590:

remit and raided a city, any resultant plunder would be retained by the privateers. Rogoziński observes that "attacks on cities were illegal piracy – but extremely profitable", although Zahedieh records that if Morgan was able to provide evidence of a potential Spanish attack, the attacks on cities were justifiable under the terms of his commission. Morgan's initial plan was to attack Havana, but, on discovering it was heavily defended, changed the target to

1286: 1093: 7826: 7838: 655: 635:, and on one of the main routes of trade between the Spanish territories and Spain. Because of the value of the goods passing through its port, Porto Bello was protected by two castles in the harbour and another in the town. The 200 French privateers, unhappy with the division of the treasure and the murder of their countryman, left Morgan's service and returned to Tortuga. Morgan and his ships briefly landed at Port Royal before leaving for Porto Bello. 5419: 681: 451: 47: 6720: 5408: 1258:

portrayed him as a cruel and unscrupulous villain", which subsequently affected historians' view of Morgan. Allen observes that, partly because of Exquemelin, Morgan has not been well-served by historians. He cites the examples of the historians whose biographies were so flawed they wrote that Morgan had died in either London, prison or the Tower of London. These included Charles Leslie,

843:

evening, with Spanish forces deployed to repel a landing, Morgan's fleet raised anchor without unfurling their sails; the fleet moved on the tide, raising sail only when it had moved level with the fortress, and Morgan and his men made their way back to Port Royal unscathed. Zahedieh considers the escape showed Morgan's "characteristic cunning and audacity".

991:, ordered Morgan's arrest despite his unfailing loyalty to the English crown. In April 1672 the privateer admiral was returned to London where, Barbour writes, he was "handsomely lionized ... as the hero on whom Drake's mantle had fallen". Although some sources state that Morgan was incarcerated in the 754:, 20 miles (32 km) outside the city, on the approach. Talty states that the fortress was placed in an excellent position to defend the town, but that the Spanish had undermanned it, leaving only nine men to load and fire the fortress's 11 guns. Under covering cannon fire from the privateer's flagship, 948:

Exquemelin's memoirs, that Morgan left with the majority of the plunder. He arrived back in Port Royal on 12 March to a positive welcome from the town's inhabitants. The following month he made his official report to the governing Council of Jamaica, and received their formal thanks and congratulations.

940:

stone buildings remained standing afterwards. Much of Panama's wealth was destroyed in the conflagration, although some had been removed by ships, before the privateers arrived. The privateers spent three weeks in Panama and plundered what they could from the ruins. Morgan's second-in-command, Captain

1557:

and Joe Bonni, pirates are defined as "bandits, or sailors who seize property and/or people by force"; privateers are defined as those "who operate with a legal license from a state government to attack enemy ships and ports during wartime, keeping a contracted share of seized goods". Dawdy and Bonni

1447:

a man of courage, determination, bravery, and ... charisma. He was a planner, a brilliant military strategist and intensely loyal to the king, to England and to Jamaica. ... But unlike so many of the Brethren, he was flexible and adaptable, able to see that the future for Jamaica lay not in

1210:

In his will, signed on 17 June 1688, Morgan left his Jamaican property to his godsons Charles Byndloss and Henry Archbold, on condition they adopted the surname of Morgan. These were the children of his two cousins Anna Petronilla Byndloss and Johanna Archbold. To his sister Catherine Loyd he awarded

1060:

In July 1676 Carbery called for a hearing against Morgan in front of the Assembly of Jamaica, accusing him of collaborating with the French to attack Spanish interests. Morgan admitted he had met the French officials, but indicated that this was diplomatic relations, rather than anything duplicitous.

642:

Exquemelin wrote that in order to take the third castle, Morgan ordered the construction of ladders wide enough for three men to climb abreast; when they were completed he "commanded all the religious men and women whom he had taken prisoners to fix them against the walls of the castle ... these

638:

On 11 July 1668 Morgan anchored short of Porto Bello and transferred his men to 23 canoes, which they paddled to within three miles (4.8 km) of the target. They landed and approached the first castle from the landward side, where they arrived half an hour before dawn. They took the three castles

589:

Morgan's letter of marque gave him permission to attack Spanish ships at sea; there was no permission for attacks on land. Any plunder obtained from the attacks would be split between the government and the owners of the ships rented by the privateers. If the privateers stepped outside their official

434:, where he was sold as a servant. In the 17th century the Caribbean offered an opportunity for young men to become rich quickly, although significant investment was needed to obtain high returns from the sugar export economy. Other opportunities for financial gain were through trade or plunder of the 577:

and Spain were worsening, and rumours began to circulate in Jamaica about a possible Spanish invasion. Modyford authorised privateers to take action against the Spanish, and issued a letter of marque to Morgan "to draw together the English privateers and take prisoners of the Spanish nation, whereby

429:

to a maker of cutlery for three years in exchange for the cost of his emigration. Richard Browne, who served as surgeon under Morgan in 1670 stated that Morgan had travelled either as a "private gentleman" soon after the 1655 capture of Jamaica by the English, or he may have been abducted in Bristol

1281:

Exquemelin wrote that Morgan's men undertook widespread torture in several of the towns they captured. According to Stephen Snelders, in his history of piracy, the Spanish reports of Morgan's raids do not refer to torture being practiced on the residents of Porto Bello or Gibraltar – although there

1167:

large numbers of Africans. He left most of his estate to his wife for her lifetime. On her death, most of his land and slaves were passed to his nephew Charles, second son of Robert Byndloss, who served as Chief Justice of Jamaica in 1681. Morgan also left a parcel of land in the now-defunct parish

982:

The destruction of Panama so soon after the signing of the treaty led to what Allen describes as "a crisis in international affairs" between England and Spain. The English government heard rumours from their ambassadors in Europe that the Spanish were considering war. In an attempt to appease them,

939:

Panama's governor had sworn to burn down the city if his troops lost to the privateers, and he had placed barrels of gunpowder around the largely wooden buildings. These were detonated by the captain of artillery after Morgan's victory; the resultant fires lasted until the following day. Only a few

612:

After the action, one of the English privateers quarrelled with one of his French shipmates and stabbed him in the back, killing him. Before a riot between the French and English sailors could begin, Morgan arrested the English sailor, and promised the French sailors that the man would be hanged on

842:

Morgan observed that Espinosa had set his cannon for a landward attack from the privateers – as they had done previously. The privateers faked a landing of their forces. The fort and its battlements were stripped of men as the Spanish prepared for a night assault from the English forces. That

803:

To this end, a crew of 12 prepared a ship that had been seized in Gibraltar. They disguised vertical logs of wood with headwear, to make the Spaniards believe that the vessel was fully crewed. To make it look more heavily armed, additional portholes were cut in the hull and logs placed to resemble

1686:

The size of Morgan's force differs between sources. Breverton states that Morgan commanded a fleet of 36 English and French ships carrying more than 1,800 privateers; Pope gives the figures of 36 ships and 1,846 men; Thomas writes that it was 37 ships with "2,000 fighting men, beside mariners and

1138:

lean, sallow-coloured, his eyes a little yellowish and belly jutting out or prominent ... He complained to me of want of appetite for victuals, he had a kicking ... to vomit every morning and generally a small looseness attending him, and withal is much given to drinking and sitting up

1044:

voted Morgan an annual salary of £600 "for his good services to the country"; the move angered Carbery, who did not get on with Morgan. Carbery later complained of his deputy that he was "every day more convinced of ... imprudence and unfitness to have anything to do with civil government".

520:

Hostilities between the English and Dutch in 1664 led to a change in government policy: colonial governors were now authorised to issue letters of marque against the Dutch. Many of the privateers, including Morgan, did not take up the letters, although an expedition to conquer the Dutch island of

791:

Four days after he left Maracaibo, Morgan returned. He was told that a Spanish defence squadron, the Armada de Barlovento, was waiting for him at the narrow passage between the Caribbean and Lake Maracaibo, where the San Carlos de la Barra Fortress was sited. The forces, under the command of Don

490:

in February 1664 with instructions to limit the activities of the privateers; he made a proclamation against their activities on 11 June 1664, but economic practicalities led to his reversing the policy by the end of the month. About 1,500 privateers used Jamaica as a base for their activity and

1048:

Although Morgan had been ordered to eradicate piracy from Jamaican waters, he continued his friendly relations with many privateer captains, and invested in some of their ships. Zahedieh estimates that there were 1,200 privateers operating in the Caribbean at the time, and Port Royal was their

787:

Morgan arrived at Maracaibo to find the city largely deserted, its residents having been forewarned of his approach by the fortress's troops. He spent three weeks sacking the city. Privateers searched the surrounding jungle to find the escapees; they, and some of the remaining occupants, were

1257:

Rogoziński observes that Morgan is probably the "best-known pirate" because of Exquemelin's book, although, Cordingly writes that Exquemelin bore a grudge over what he saw was Morgan's theft of the bounty from Panama. His experience explains "why he painted such a black picture of Morgan and

947:

The value of treasure Morgan collected during his expedition is disputed. Talty writes that the figures range from 140,000 to 400,000 pesos, and that owing to the large army Morgan assembled, the prize-per-man was relatively low, causing discontent. There were accusations, particularly in

839:, and secured 15,000 pesos from the wreck. Before taking any action, Morgan tallied his takings and divided it equally between his ships, to ensure that it was not all lost if one ship was sunk; it totalled 250,000 pesos, and a huge quantity of merchandise and a number of local slaves. 1118:

he stated that he had "against evil deeds, piracies and robberies the greatest abhorrence and distrust", and that "for the kind of men called buccaneers", he "always had and still has hatred". The court found in his favour and the book was retracted; damages of £200 were paid to him.

998:

Morgan probably remained at liberty throughout his time in London, and the political mood changed in his favour. Arlington asked him to write a memorandum for the King on improving Jamaica's defences. Although Morgan was never charged with an offence, he gave informal evidence to the

643:

were forced, at the head of the companies to raise and apply them to the walls ... Thus many of the religious men and nuns were killed". Terry Breverton, in his biography of Morgan, writes that when a translation of Exquemelin's book was published in England, Morgan sued for

1731:

Thomas opines that while Morgan drank to excess, "the drinking was not that of a sad man or a man that drank to forget; it was because he was a larger than life character who spent many of his evenings smoking and drinking, exchanging stories of wild adventures with his

578:

he might inform of the intention of that enemy to attack Jamaica, of which I have frequent and strong advice". He was given the rank of admiral and, in January 1668, assembled 10 ships and 500 men for the task; he was subsequently joined by 2 more ships and 200 men from

1019:

to Henry, a common practice in an age of English dominance. Two months later, Morgan and Carbery left for Jamaica. They were accompanied by Modyford, released from the Tower of London without charge and made the Chief Justice of Jamaica. They travelled on board the

1175:, to his friend, Roger Elletson, ancestor of a future governor of Jamaica with the same name. Morgan's will was probated in 1689, and at his death he owned title to 131 Africans as slaves on his estates, 64 men and 67 women, including 33 children, valued at £1,923. 1076:

in 1678 and 1680 – both during his periods as temporary governor of the island – because of the threat of invasion, re-built the fortifications surrounding the town, and increased the number of cannon from 60 to more than 100 in the five years up to 1680.

850:, and English foreign policy had changed accordingly. Modyford admonished Morgan for his action, which had gone beyond his commission, and revoked the letters of marque; no official action was taken against any of the privateers. Morgan invested a share of his 540:, the main city, either after he decided that it was too well defended or that there was insufficient plunder. Alternatively, Jan Rogoziński and Stephan Talty, in their histories of Morgan and piracy, record that during the year, Morgan oversaw the Port Royal 1202:

His will initially left his plantations and slaves to his wife, Mary Elizabeth, but because they were childless, on her death his estate was to pass to his nephews, the children of his brother-in-law Byndloss. The burial of Lady Morgan was recorded in

1080:

Morgan and his allies on the Assembly of Jamaica made earnest efforts to deal with privateers and pirates. However, he was soon undermined by his secretary Rowland Powell, who forged his name to an illegal proclamation establishing the monopoly of the

1302:

Rogoziński observes that Morgan does not appear in later fictional works as much as other pirates because of his "ambiguous mixture of charismatic leadership and selfish treachery", although his name and persona have featured in literature, including

639:

and the town quickly. The privateers lost 18 men, with a further 32 wounded; Zahedieh considers the action at Porto Bello displayed a "clever cunning and expert timing which marked ... brilliance as a military commander".

717:, which had been sent to Port Royal to aid in any defence of Jamaica. Modyford sent the vessel to Morgan, who made it his flagship. On 2 January 1669 Morgan called a council of war for all his captains, which took place on 1024:, which held cannon and shot meant to boost Port Royal's defences. The ship foundered on the rocks of Île-à-Vache and Morgan and the crew were temporarily stranded on the island until picked up by a passing merchant ship. 466:

attacking Spanish cities and settlements in the Caribbean and Central America when England was at war with Spain. It is likely that in 1663 Morgan captained one of the ships in Myngs' fleet, and took part in the attack on

495:

which gave him a licence to attack and seize vessels, normally of a specified country, or with conditions attached. A portion of all spoils obtained by the privateers was given to the sovereign or the issuing ambassador.

1126:. He dismissed Molesworth and gave Morgan an unofficial role as advisor. In July 1688 Albemarle persuaded the king to allow Morgan to regain a position on the Assembly, but the former privateer was too ill to attend. 392:, observes that attempts to identify his parents and antecedents "have all proved unsatisfactory", although his will referred to distant relations. Several sources state Morgan's father was Robert Morgan, a farmer. 513:] place for an attack on the Spanish Indies". Morgan's activities over the following two years are not documented, but in early 1666 he was married in Port Royal to his cousin, Mary Morgan, the daughter of 725:

destroyed the ship and over 200 of its crew. Morgan and the captains seated on one side of the table were blown into the water and survived; the four captains on the other side of the table were all killed.

749:

in modern-day Venezuela. The French captain knew the approaches to the lagoon, through a narrow and shallow channel. Since l'Olonnais and the French captain had visited Maracaibo, the Spanish had built the

1423:

believes that pirates and privateers were generally shrewd businessmen, far removed from the modern, romanticised view of them as murderous brigands. The anthropologist Anne M. Galvin and the historian

491:

brought much revenue to the island. As the planting community of 5,000 was still new and developing, the revenue from the privateers was needed to avoid economic collapse. A privateer was granted a

360:

suit against the book's English publishers, but Exquemelin's portrayal has negatively shifted the public's, and history's, view of Morgan as a scoundrel. His life was further romanticised after his

758:, Morgan and his men landed on the beach and stormed the fortification; they found it empty when they eventually breached its defences. A search soon found that the Spanish had left a slow-burning 1049:

preferred destination. These had a welcome in the city if Morgan received the dues owed to him. As Morgan was no longer able to issue letters of marque to privateer captains, his brother-in-law,

1195:, and laid Morgan's body at King's House for the public to pay respects. An amnesty was declared so that pirates and privateers could pay their respects without fear of arrest. He was buried at 1003:

that he had no knowledge of the Treaty of Madrid prior to his attack on Panama. Unhappy with Lynch's conduct in Jamaica, the King and his advisers decided in January 1674 to replace him with

1404:, the multinational drinks company based in London. The name of Morgan has been attached to local sites in the Caribbean, such as Morgan's Bridge, Morgan's Pass and Morgan's Valley in 1228:

immediately after the main shock. Palisadoes cemetery, including Morgan's grave, was one of the parts of the city to fall into the sea; his body has never been subsequently located.

944:, supervised the torture of some of the city's residents; Morgan's fleet surgeon, Richard Browne, later wrote that at Panama, Morgan "was noble enough to the vanquished enemy". 1558:

define buccaneers as "originally castaway colonists (usually French or English) on Hispanio (from French) who survived by hunting or raising livestock", although the historian

971:. The pact aimed to establish peace in the Caribbean between the two countries; it included an agreement to revoke all letters of marque and similar commissions. The historian 4045:

The Buccaneers of America: A True Account of the Most Remarkable Assaults Committed of Late Years Upon the Coasts of the West Indies by the Buccaneers of Jamaica and Tortuga

975:

considers it probable that one of the Spanish conditions was the removal of Modyford from the Governorship. Modyford was arrested and sent to England by his replacement Sir

4916:

Galvin, Anne M. (Summer 2012). "Caribbean Piracies/Social Mobilities: Some Commonalities Between Colonial Privateers and Entrepreneurial 'Profiteers' in the 21st Century".

1323:(1929), both of which are based in large part on Morgan's career. Morgan and stories of a hidden haul of treasure also feature to a lesser extent in other works, including 733:

meant Morgan's flotilla was too small to attempt an attack on Cartagena. Instead he was persuaded by a French captain under his command to repeat the actions of the pirate

1199:

cemetery, Port Royal, followed by a 22-gun salute from the ships moored in the harbour. Morgan was a wealthy man when he died. His personal wealth was valued at £5,263.

402:, states that details of Morgan's early life and career are uncertain, although in later life he stated that he had left school early and was "much more used to the 1432:; Galvin wrote that Morgan pursued "social mobility through self-interested acts of outlawry, political wiles, and business acumen". Glenn Blalock, writing for the 507:

with a large cargo of valuables. Modyford was impressed enough with the spoils to report back to the government that "Central America was the properest [

6782: 6772: 1134:; he also saw Morgan was drinking to excess and ordered him to reduce his alcohol intake, a directive which Morgan ignored. Sloane described his patient as 662:

Morgan and his men remained in Porto Bello for a month. He wrote to Don Agustín, the acting president of Panama, to demand a ransom for the city of 350,000

4801: 4761: 4589: 4455: 5156: 1160:, where they were able to stay out of his reach. However, Morgan failed in his attempts to capture de Serras and subdue his community of runaway slaves. 1114:). Morgan took steps to discredit the book and successfully brought a libel suit against the book's publishers William Crooke and Thomas Malthus. In his 831:

was shortly aflame; Espinosa abandoned his flagship and made his way to the fort, where he continued to direct events. The second-largest Spanish ship,

528:

Sources differ about Morgan's activities in 1666. H. R. Allen, in his biography of Morgan, considers the privateer was the second-in-command to Captain

594:(now Camagüey), a town 50 miles (80 km) inland. Morgan and his men took the town, but the treasure obtained was less than hoped for. According to 1668:

Some sources, including Breverton and Allen, state that there were only ten survivors from a crew of 350; Pope states that more than 250 were killed.

4298:

The Devil's Anarchy: The Sea Robberies of the Most Famous Pirate Claes G. Compaen, and The Very Remarkable Travels of Jan Erasmus Reyning, Buccaneer

557: 7019: 1448:

plunder or pillage but in peaceful trade. ... He was also an adept politician and held office longer than any of the governors of his time.

984: 344:; on three occasions, he acted as governor in the absence of the then-current post-holder. His reputation was marred by a scurrilous memoir by 7491: 6908: 5024: 1588: 548:

at Port Royal was partly constructed under his leadership. It was around this time that Morgan purchased his first plantation on Jamaica.

7922: 1072:

By the late 1670s France became an increasing threat in the Caribbean, and Morgan took control of the defence of Port Royal. He declared

7739: 1587:

was concerned about the Spanish attitude to the fledgling English territories in the Caribbean. He instructed the governor of Jamaica,

7932: 7122: 1436:, claims that Morgan was a hero to many Jamaicans and British both for his exploits as a buccaneer and for defending Jamaica for the 1381: 1375: 804:

cannons. Barrels of powder were placed in the ship and grappling irons laced into the ships rigging, to catch the ropes and sails of

517:, the island's Deputy Governor; the marriage gave Henry access to the upper levels of Jamaican society. The couple had no children. 7749: 1123: 675: 283: 4512: 3395: 3393: 3391: 1061:

In the summer of 1677 the Lords of Trade said they had yet to come to a decision on the matter and in early 1678 the king and the

562: 7238: 5149: 398: 3244: 3388: 1741:

Pringle identifies legal use of judicial torture in Scotland until 1708, in France until 1789 and the Spanish – as part of the

1468: 7917: 7324: 4344: 4325: 4306: 4285: 4264: 4245: 4219: 4197: 4176: 4157: 4136: 4114: 4093: 4074: 4053: 4029: 4008: 3968: 3947: 3923: 3904: 3885: 622: 601: 246:, or a licence, to attack and seize Spanish vessels. Morgan subsequently conducted successful and highly lucrative raids on 7947: 7650: 5690: 5104: 5094: 4561: 1066: 6563: 5793: 5588: 988: 863: 302: 7907: 6792: 6593: 5142: 196: 27: 4622: 4428: 4408: 1502:

Information on the year of Morgan's birth is unreliable; in a deposition sworn in November 1671 he gave his age as 36.

409:

It is unknown how Morgan made his way to the Caribbean. He may have travelled to the Caribbean as part of the army of

5707: 5453: 5073: 5063: 1580: 1237: 1004: 223: 5018: 1045:

Carbery also wrote to the Secretary of State to bemoan Morgan's "drinking and gaming at the taverns" of Port Royal.

770:

and then buried so they could not be used against the privateers when they returned from the rest of their mission.

313:; the Welshman was popularly celebrated as a hero, no less, and soon regained the favour of the government and King 7942: 7882: 7676: 7498: 6802: 6190: 5788: 5730: 878: 7780: 5752: 5735: 909:, which he garrisoned to protect his line of retreat. On 9 January 1671, with his remaining men, he ascended the 905:, the port from which ships were loaded with goods to transport back to Spain. Morgan took the town and occupied 898: 777: 751: 214:, or how the Welshman began his career as a privateer. He was probably a member of a group of raiders led by Sir 1792: 1122:

In December 1687 Lynch's permanent replacement arrived in Port George, Morgan's friend from his time in London,

7207: 7034: 7029: 7002: 6862: 6180: 5111: 5080: 5049: 4845: 3247:

Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1898. June 13, Sir Henry Morgan to pp. 65–80.

1032: 176: 138: 6568: 3415: 7902: 7897: 7577: 7215: 7049: 7044: 6921: 6913: 6882: 6573: 6275: 4733: 1369: 1168:

of St George to another Robert Byndloss (born c. 1673) the eldest son of his brother-in-law Robert Byndloss.

389: 20: 811: 7887: 7463: 7344: 6538: 5714: 5677: 5478: 1204: 1041: 906: 902: 337: 333: 6937: 1440:. However, some Jamaicans see Morgan as a "criminal pirate" who sought to maintain the system of slavery. 7937: 7106: 6752: 6345: 5312: 4387: 418: 4361: 7952: 7912: 7790: 7179: 6993: 6747: 5853: 5747: 5488: 4724: 4487: 1626:

Rogoziński points out that the erroneous report of Morgan's presence on Mansvelt's expedition was from

1482: 1172: 847: 385: 1412:, Honduras, the Port Morgan resort located in Haiti and Captain Morgan's Retreat and Vacation Club on 7872: 7519: 7251: 7228: 6929: 6827: 6742: 6737: 6135: 5470: 4879: 4738: 1405: 1339: 1148:

By the 1670s and 1680s, Morgan, as owner of three large plantations, led three campaigns against the

6095: 5372: 967:

During Morgan's absence from Jamaica, news reached the island that England and Spain had signed the

827:

On 1 May 1669 Morgan and his flotilla attacked the Spanish squadron. The fire ship plan worked, and

734: 627:

After dividing the spoils of the conquest of Puerto del Príncipe, Morgan announced a plan to attack

7775: 7223: 7131: 7112: 7062: 6976: 6558: 5700: 5222: 4019: 1709:

The treaty was signed on 8 July 1670 and was published in the Caribbean in either May or July 1671.

1473: 1357: 1329: 1157: 514: 381: 203: 80: 7082: 1591:, to put military pressure on the Spaniards in order to retain the English presence in the region. 7800: 7785: 7682: 7139: 7072: 6822: 6797: 6757: 6654: 6360: 5685: 5282: 5126: 5042: 4552:

Folliott, Kathryn (30 October 2014). "Orlando tailors promotion to Canadians Picks of the Week".

1221: 976: 968: 941: 873: 706:, the richest and most important city on the Spanish Main. In December he was joined by a former 702:, a small island he used as a rendezvous point. His plan was to attack the Spanish settlement of 698:

Morgan did not stay long in Port Royal and in October 1668 sailed with ten ships and 800 men for

472: 442:, whereby individuals and ships were commissioned by government to attack the country's enemies. 306: 6205: 5950: 4277:

Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend: An A–Z Encyclopedia

1106:

In 1684 an account of Morgan's exploits was published by Exquemelin, in a Dutch volume entitled

7892: 7562: 7505: 7102: 7039: 6867: 6812: 6767: 6762: 6732: 6543: 5327: 5322: 4990: 1601: 545: 462:

It is probable that in the early 1660s Morgan was active with a group of privateers led by Sir

4681: 4659: 3399: 426: 7862: 7655: 7645: 7540: 7279: 6945: 6857: 6842: 6583: 6335: 6295: 6265: 6210: 6200: 6010: 5970: 5783: 5603: 5573: 5548: 5446: 5332: 5292: 5182: 4703: 4533: 1584: 1351: 1345: 1309: 1294: 1082: 960: 314: 4296: 4187: 4147: 4104: 4064: 4043: 3998: 3958: 7867: 7533: 7192: 6984: 6953: 6900: 6807: 6727: 6626: 6110: 5940: 5935: 5773: 5620: 5531: 5526: 5483: 4039: 1627: 1246: 868: 816: 742: 722: 688: 595: 500: 345: 275: 52: 6220: 6090: 1687:

boys"; while Zahedieh and Cordingly separately put the figures at 38 ships with 2,000 men.

476: 8: 7927: 7877: 7594: 7439: 7349: 7197: 6971: 6872: 6682: 5955: 5843: 5742: 5541: 5382: 4066:

Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia

1742: 1614: 1065:

recalled Carbery from Jamaica, leaving Morgan as governor for three months. In July 1678

894: 703: 487: 231: 5930: 5848: 5818: 1408:, Morgan's Harbour Hotel and Beach Club in Kingston, the Hotel Henry Morgan, located in 1057:

to have a letter issued; Byndloss and Morgan received a commission for each one signed.

931: 767: 628: 606: 255: 7754: 7744: 7711: 7456: 7364: 7319: 7309: 7202: 7166: 7157: 7087: 7024: 6958: 6837: 6787: 6777: 6305: 6290: 6155: 6140: 6060: 6000: 5965: 5302: 5297: 5277: 5207: 4999: 4976: 4941: 4933: 4904: 4896: 4862: 4516: 4234: 3937: 3916:

The Maroons of Jamaica 1655–1796: a History of Resistance, Collaboration & Betrayal

1363: 1242: 1098: 887: 574: 235: 120: 6375: 5237: 872:

Morgan burning Panama City buildings, 1671 (c. 1736 engraving used to illustrate

7689: 7624: 7484: 7424: 7419: 7314: 7269: 7174: 7067: 7054: 7011: 6852: 6675: 6500: 6495: 6475: 6315: 6255: 6170: 6105: 5925: 5418: 5177: 4945: 4908: 4874: 4340: 4321: 4302: 4281: 4275: 4260: 4241: 4215: 4193: 4172: 4153: 4132: 4110: 4089: 4070: 4049: 4025: 4004: 3985: 3964: 3943: 3919: 3900: 3881: 1554: 1211:£60 per annum from his estate "paid into the hands of my ever honest cozen [ 1086: 918: 759: 463: 455: 329: 298: 215: 100: 356:

and other offences, including during the infamous raid on Panama City. Morgan won a

7805: 7604: 7526: 7512: 7399: 7379: 7274: 7117: 7077: 6895: 6877: 6832: 6689: 6661: 6619: 6465: 6450: 6415: 6400: 6380: 6365: 6300: 6270: 6230: 6115: 6080: 6065: 5650: 5558: 5439: 5272: 5212: 4966: 4925: 4888: 4854: 4806: 4766: 4660: 4594: 4460: 1477:

state that for 400 years, "Monmouthshire was considered administratively a part of

1225: 1149: 699: 492: 468: 243: 4825: 4785: 4728: 4613: 4479: 1156:. Morgan achieved some success against the Maroons, who withdrew further into the 7841: 7795: 7759: 7734: 7557: 7477: 7470: 7389: 7384: 7354: 7339: 7304: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7135: 6640: 6480: 6435: 6430: 6410: 6285: 6260: 6235: 5915: 5910: 5863: 5833: 5660: 5578: 5536: 5521: 5377: 5242: 4708: 4686: 4641: 3933: 3245:

Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 11, 1681–1685.

1389: 1304: 1289: 1054: 1050: 1008: 992: 579: 529: 483: 414: 410: 321: 227: 6175: 4318:

Empire of Blue Water: Henry Morgan and the Pirates Who Ruled the Caribbean Waves

914: 846:

During his absence from Port Royal, a pro-Spanish faction had gained the ear of

631:(now in modern-day Panama). The city was the third largest and strongest on the 294: 7374: 6963: 6588: 6470: 6395: 6370: 6330: 6045: 6005: 5960: 5905: 5900: 5583: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5387: 5347: 5317: 5257: 5227: 5187: 4840: 4810: 4770: 4598: 4464: 4382: 1655:, the main currency used by the Spanish; English merchants and government used 1652: 1437: 1413: 1393: 1337:'s 1920 poem "Captain Stratton's Fancy". Screen renditions of his life include 1334: 1314: 1184: 1153: 1012: 1000: 972: 820: 746: 522: 435: 393: 349: 279: 154: 7369: 4971: 4954: 4795: 4755: 4583: 4449: 951: 183:, he and those under his command raided settlements and shipping ports on the 7856: 7830: 7614: 7334: 7329: 7289: 6598: 6553: 6533: 6505: 6390: 6340: 6320: 6240: 6085: 6040: 5995: 5890: 5813: 5778: 5630: 5422: 5392: 5267: 5262: 4236:

The Buccaneer King: The Biography of the Notorious Sir Henry Morgan 1635–1688

4207: 1755: 1659:. In the late 17th century the peso was worth between five and six shillings. 1533:

The Buccaneer King: The Biography of the Notorious Sir Henry Morgan 1635–1688

1429: 1192: 1062: 925: 910: 525:

led to the death of Morgan's father-in-law, who was leading a 600-man force.

403: 309:, and, to appease the Spanish, Morgan was arrested and summoned to London in 4988:

Patel, Samir S. (March–April 2013). "Pirates of the Original Panama Canal".

2577: 1677:

For his failure in his action, Espinosa was arrested and sent back to Spain.

773: 7694: 7619: 7409: 7359: 7299: 7294: 7284: 6890: 6817: 6696: 6647: 6633: 6548: 6510: 6485: 6440: 6425: 6405: 6325: 6225: 6215: 6165: 6160: 6150: 6120: 6035: 5895: 5803: 5695: 5610: 5563: 5397: 5362: 5342: 5337: 5287: 5197: 3989: 1420: 854:

in an 836-acre (338 ha) plantation – his second such investment.

648: 632: 305:, located on the Pacific coast. This event occurred after the signing of a 184: 169: 6355: 5134: 4929: 4892: 1400:, named after the privateer. In 2001 the Captain Morgan brand was sold to 1285: 1092: 613:

his return to Port Royal. Morgan kept his word and the sailor was hanged.

7609: 7584: 7572: 7434: 6420: 6350: 6145: 6125: 6075: 5990: 5980: 5757: 5307: 5252: 5217: 4229: 4124: 1697: 1634:, although there is no record of Morgan's being part of Mansvelt's group. 1559: 1528: 1324: 1319: 1271: 1224:. About two-thirds of the town, amounting to 33 acres (13 ha), sank into 1127: 1073: 956: 851: 422: 211: 188: 5003: 4980: 4937: 4900: 4339:(Kindle ed.). Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Maritime. 1373:(1976). Morgan has also been featured in several video games, including 591: 566: 247: 7706: 7640: 7404: 7264: 7184: 7127: 6847: 6528: 6490: 6455: 6250: 6070: 6050: 6020: 6015: 5975: 5920: 5858: 5838: 5823: 5635: 5593: 5357: 5352: 5232: 5202: 5192: 4866: 3979: 3939:

Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates

1486: 1196: 1188: 1139:

late, which I supposed had been the cause of his present indisposition.

1016: 763: 707: 654: 537: 504: 377: 180: 72: 3494: 533: 7589: 6668: 6280: 6185: 6055: 6025: 5598: 5553: 5247: 3960:

World Cruising Routes: 1000 Sailing Routes in All Oceans of the World

3773: 1425: 1115: 793: 781: 738: 692: 684: 680: 439: 271: 267: 172: 4858: 4704:"Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Henry Morgan, The Pirate King" 1409: 766:

as a trap for the buccaneers, which Morgan extinguished. The fort's

450: 7567: 7414: 7394: 7259: 6245: 6195: 6100: 5985: 5568: 4021:

The Sack of Panamá: Captain Morgan and the Battle for the Caribbean

431: 4189:

Backstory: Interviews with Screenwriters of Hollywood's Golden Age

1774:

were adapted from the respective Sabatini novels of the same name.

532:. Mansvelt had been issued a letter of marque for the invasion of 202:

Much of Morgan's early life is unknown; he was born in an area of

51:

Welsh buccaneer Henry Morgan from Piratas de la America (1681) by

6703: 6310: 5645: 5625: 4149:

The Buccaneer's Realm: Pirate Life on the Spanish Main, 1674–1688

1490: 710: 541: 353: 207: 192: 76: 4877:; Bonni, Joe (June 2012). "Towards a General Theory of Piracy". 4000:

And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten Cocktails

1130:, Albemarle's private physician, inspected Morgan and diagnosed 1007:

with Morgan sent as his deputy. King Charles appointed Morgan a

7701: 7599: 6578: 6460: 5945: 5640: 5615: 5462: 5165: 3713: 1401: 365: 259: 109: 46: 6719: 5407: 3376: 1700:

six miles down the coast in a more easily defendable position.

1656: 1481:". Since the early 20th century it has been administered as a 7429: 6445: 6385: 5828: 5655: 3626: 3202: 2284: 2197: 1478: 1164: 1131: 644: 583: 357: 219: 3897:

Admiral Sir Henry Morgan: The Greatest Buccaneer of them all

3848: 3292: 2692: 2690: 2688: 1951: 1949: 1570:

have been interchangeable in English since the 17th century.

1540:

Admiral Sir Henry Morgan: The Greatest Buccaneer of them all

16:

Privateer and political office holder in Jamaica (1635–1688)

6030: 4843:(April 1911). "Privateers and Pirates of the West Indies". 3665: 3566: 3506: 3115: 3007: 2971: 2613: 2553: 2541: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1514:

Zahedieh, Nuala (2004). "Morgan, Sir Henry (c.1635–1688)".

952:

Arrest and release; knighthood and governorship (1672–1675)

893:

Morgan's first action was to take the connected islands of

669: 663: 361: 341: 325: 310: 290: 263: 251: 239: 3614: 3578: 3530: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2397: 2272: 2238: 2236: 2173: 1617:, the capital of Costa Rica, as the target for his attack. 647:

and won. The passage about the use of nuns and monks as a

5431: 4560: 3814: 3812: 3737: 3500: 3340: 3328: 3265: 3214: 3178: 3127: 3103: 3043: 2685: 2248: 1961: 1946: 1579:

Although England and Spain were not at war (the six-year

1397: 1213: 1163:

By the time of his death, Morgan owned three plantations

509: 4502: 4129:

Buccaneers of the Caribbean: How Piracy Forged an Empire

3779: 3677: 3542: 3226: 3139: 3079: 3067: 2935: 2911: 2858: 2846: 2822: 2637: 2601: 2565: 2115: 2113: 2028: 2026: 2024: 1985: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1809: 1511:

The sources that show Robert as Henry's father include:

26:"Morgan the Pirate" redirects here. For other uses, see 3761: 3655: 3653: 3602: 3590: 3554: 3446: 3316: 3304: 3282: 3280: 3255: 3253: 3156: 3154: 3031: 2995: 2923: 2882: 2834: 2786: 2762: 2750: 2726: 2714: 2673: 2529: 2469: 2445: 2409: 2320: 2296: 2233: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 995:, Pope finds no evidence of this in the Tower records. 651:

was retracted from subsequent publications in England.

3809: 3638: 2810: 2798: 2738: 2702: 2589: 2493: 2385: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2344: 2332: 2149: 2125: 2098: 2074: 2062: 2050: 1997: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1907: 1905: 1463: 1461: 4337:

The Buccaneer King: the Story of Captain Henry Morgan

3749: 3725: 3701: 3518: 3482: 3458: 3364: 3166: 3019: 2959: 2947: 2308: 2161: 2137: 2110: 2086: 2021: 1754:"Captain Stratton's Fancy" was later set to music by 1613:

Mansvelt instead selected the more lucrative city of

963:, who ordered Morgan's arrest, but later knighted him 573:

In 1667 diplomatic relations between the kingdoms of

4259:(Kindle ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. 3785: 3689: 3650: 3470: 3434: 3352: 3277: 3250: 3190: 3151: 3091: 3055: 2983: 2774: 2661: 2649: 2625: 2517: 2505: 2481: 2457: 2185: 2009: 1973: 1934: 1892: 1890: 1836: 1797: 297:, landing on the Caribbean coast and traversing the 4796:"Modyford, Sir Thomas, First Baronet (c.1620–1679)" 3981:

The Governors of Jamaica in the Seventeenth Century

3797: 2899: 2870: 2433: 2421: 2368: 2356: 2260: 2221: 2209: 2038: 1917: 1902: 1458: 1027: 368:-themed works of fiction across a range of genres. 4794: 4754: 4582: 4511: 4448: 4233: 3836: 3824: 3719: 499:In August 1665 Morgan, along with fellow captains 376:Born Harri Morgan around 1635 in Wales, either in 4562:"Historic Earthquakes: Jamaica: 1692 June 07 UTC" 4257:Jolly Roger: The Story of the Great Age of Piracy 3899:. Pencader, Carmarthenshire: Glyndŵr Publishing. 1887: 901:in December 1670. From there his fleet sailed to 605:Morgan's attack on the Castillo de San Jerónimo, 352:shipmate of Morgan's, accusing him of widespread 284:destroying a large Spanish squadron as he escaped 7854: 1428:both view Morgan as seeking wealth to enter the 4192:. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. 1471:at the time of Morgan's birth was complex; the 857: 808:and ensure the vessels would become entangled. 332:shortly thereafter to serve as the territory's 4486: 3671: 1253:(1678) which affected history's view of Morgan 1178: 384:, between Cardiff and Newport). The historian 5447: 5150: 4584:"Myngs, Sir Christopher (bap. 1625, d. 1666)" 4106:Parry to Finzi: Twenty English Song-composers 551: 210:. It is not known how he made his way to the 195:from the raids, Morgan purchased three large 7492:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island 4805:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4765:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4593:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4459:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1521:Blalock, Glenn (2000). "Morgan, Sir Henry". 187:, becoming wealthy as they did so. With the 5164: 4623:"What Would Blackbeard Do? Why Piracy Pays" 4360: 4131:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 3683: 5454: 5440: 5157: 5143: 4873: 4273: 4185: 4038: 3620: 2696: 2290: 2254: 2203: 1967: 1830: 1298:is based in large part on Morgan's career. 1102:regarding Morgan's successful libel action 1053:, directed them to the French governor of 558:Henry Morgan's raid on Puerto del Príncipe 364:passing, as he became the inspiration for 45: 7123:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law 4970: 4833: 4792: 4752: 4729:"Morgan, Henry (1635? – 1688), Buccaneer" 4640: 4048:. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 3932: 3894: 3743: 3632: 3512: 3420:The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 3346: 3271: 3208: 3184: 3145: 3133: 3121: 3085: 3073: 2977: 2941: 2893: 2840: 2792: 2756: 2732: 2679: 2535: 2451: 2415: 2403: 2326: 2302: 2278: 2242: 2179: 2032: 1991: 1955: 1881: 1803: 1382:Age of Pirates 2: City of Abandoned Ships 19:For other people named Henry Morgan, see 7750:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates 4723: 4701: 4679: 4580: 4551: 4294: 3913: 3755: 3731: 3596: 3584: 3548: 3464: 3382: 2015: 1911: 1284: 1241: 1124:Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle 1091: 1031: 955: 930: 867: 810: 772: 679: 670:Lake Maracaibo and Gibraltar (1668–1669) 653: 600: 561: 449: 445: 4839: 4802:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4762:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4620: 4590:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4531: 4456:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4446: 4429:"Columbus, Education and Jamaica today" 4409:"Similarities with the first Christmas" 4380: 4254: 4123: 4062: 3977: 3956: 3791: 3767: 3695: 3608: 3572: 3560: 3452: 3408: 3334: 3259: 3037: 3013: 3001: 2708: 2350: 2155: 2080: 2068: 1979: 1928: 1516:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 399:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7855: 4915: 4334: 4206: 4166: 4145: 4109:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. 3996: 3854: 3818: 3707: 3644: 3322: 3310: 3298: 2929: 2816: 2744: 2720: 2619: 2595: 2583: 2559: 2547: 2499: 2391: 2338: 2314: 2167: 2143: 2119: 2092: 1651:, also known as piece of eight or the 1493:but was historically in Monmouthshire. 1040:On his arrival in Jamaica, the 12-man 234:; as diplomatic relations between the 226:. Morgan became a close friend of Sir 6909:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham 5435: 5138: 4987: 4702:Tortello, Rebecca (9 December 2002). 4426: 4406: 4315: 4083: 4017: 3875: 3842: 3830: 3536: 3524: 3488: 3370: 3220: 3172: 3109: 3025: 2965: 2953: 2905: 2864: 2852: 2828: 2804: 2780: 2667: 2655: 2643: 2631: 2607: 2571: 2523: 2511: 2487: 2463: 2427: 2362: 2227: 2191: 2131: 2104: 2056: 2044: 2003: 1940: 1011:in November 1674, the first time his 676:Henry Morgan's raid on Lake Maracaibo 616: 425:in 1654, or he may have served as an 7651:International Talk Like a Pirate Day 5105:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle 5095:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle 4952: 4665:Legacies of British Slavery database 4228: 4102: 3984:. London: The West India Committee. 3803: 3659: 3476: 3440: 3402:Legacies of British Slavery database 3358: 3286: 3232: 3196: 3160: 3097: 3061: 3049: 2989: 2917: 2876: 2768: 2475: 2439: 2379: 2266: 2215: 1896: 1696:The Spanish later built what is now 1143: 1067:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle 4407:Burke, Michael (21 December 2017). 4354: 4088:. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. 3918:. Granby, MA: Bergin & Garvey. 3878:Buccaneer: Admiral Sir Henry Morgan 1793:The Tatler, Wednesday 23 April 1941 737:two years previously: an attack on 13: 7923:Jamaican people of British descent 6718: 1217:] Thomas Morgan of Tredegar". 924:The privateers, including Captain 888:Mariana, the Queen Regent of Spain 623:Henry Morgan's raid on Porto Bello 282:; he plundered both cities before 28:Morgan the Pirate (disambiguation) 14: 7964: 7541:Silver: Return to Treasure Island 5074:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery 5064:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery 5012: 4756:"Morgan, Sir Henry (c.1635–1688)" 4680:Tortello, Rebecca (7 June 2004). 4621:Matson, John (26 November 2008). 4240:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 4152:. Washington, DC: Potomac Books. 3963:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 1553:According to the anthropologists 1238:Captain Morgan in popular culture 1183:Morgan died on 25 August 1688 at 1036:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery 1005:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery 7933:Jamaican people of Welsh descent 7837: 7836: 7824: 7677:A General History of the Pyrates 7499:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman 7020:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA 5417: 5406: 4320:. London: Simon & Schuster. 4024:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. 4003:. New York: Three Rivers Press. 3238: 1761: 1748: 1735: 1725: 1720:Dictionary of National Biography 1712: 1703: 1028:In Jamaican politics (1675–1688) 864:Henry Morgan's Panama expedition 780:, which guarded the entrance to 206:that is now part of the city of 175:, plantation owner, and, later, 4069:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 1690: 1680: 1671: 1662: 1637: 1620: 1607: 1594: 1573: 1547: 1469:administration of Monmouthshire 1191:, Jamaica. Albemarle ordered a 1112:About the Buccaneers of America 778:San Carlos de la Barra Fortress 752:San Carlos de la Barra Fortress 503:and Jacob Fackman, returned to 438:. Much of the plunder was from 7035:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden 7030:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden 6783:Anti-piracy in the West Indies 5112:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 5081:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 5050:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 4846:The American Historical Review 4063:Francis, John Michael (2006). 1786: 1505: 1496: 1489:, which is now in the city of 1171:Morgan also left some land in 1001:Lords of Trade and Plantations 796:aimed at Espinosa's flagship, 293:, Morgan and company attacked 177:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 139:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 1: 6891:Blockade of Charleston (Vane) 4734:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 4450:"Lynch, Sir Thomas (d. 1684)" 4427:Burke, Michael (3 May 2018). 4301:. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia. 3501:Historic Earthquakes: Jamaica 2586:, 1573–1579, 1590, 1608–1613. 1780: 1276:Howard Pyle's Book of Pirates 1015:name Harri became officially 935:Morgan attacking Panama, 1671 536:, although he did not attack 390:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 371: 162: 63: 21:Henry Morgan (disambiguation) 7918:17th-century Jamaican people 7464:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea 6714:Pirate battles and incidents 4826:UK public library membership 4786:UK public library membership 4614:UK public library membership 4532:Firaxis (15 November 2004). 4503:"Captain Morgan's Retreat". 4480:UK public library membership 4186:McGilligan, Patrick (1986). 1251:De Americaensche Zee-Roovers 1222:earthquake struck Port Royal 1205:Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica 1108:De Americaensche Zee-Roovers 858:Attack on Panama (1669–1671) 815:Morgan destroys the Spanish 544:and the defence of Jamaica; 320:Morgan was then appointed a 79:or nearby what was Pencarn, 7: 7948:Piracy in the Pacific Ocean 6863:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth 6346:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami 5313:Rahmah ibn Jabir Al Jalhami 4667:. University College London 4388:American National Biography 4280:. New York: Facts on File. 1657:pounds, shillings and pence 1600:The hostilities led to the 1523:American National Biography 1485:. A possible birthplace is 1443:Thomas describes Morgan as 1434:American National Biography 1179:Death and subsequent events 421:against the Spanish in the 10: 7969: 7740:Pirate films and TV series 7180:African Slave Trade Patrol 6748:Action of 11 November 2008 5537:Barbary pirates (corsairs) 5461: 4295:Snelders, Stephen (2005). 4255:Pringle, Patrick (2001) . 3863: 1392:started manufacturing the 1268:History of Central America 1235: 1173:Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica 1069:, was appointed governor. 861: 673: 620: 555: 552:Puerto del Príncipe (1667) 458:, under whom Morgan served 25: 18: 7908:17th-century Welsh people 7818: 7768: 7727: 7720: 7668: 7633: 7550: 7448: 7250: 7237: 7229:Trans-Saharan slave trade 7165: 7096: 6828:Battle off Minicoy Island 6803:Battle of Cape Fear River 6773:Anti-piracy in the Aegean 6743:Action of 28 October 2007 6738:Action of 9 November 1822 6713: 6611: 6519: 5883: 5876: 5802: 5766: 5723: 5676: 5669: 5514: 5469: 5415: 5404: 5173: 5122: 5109: 5101: 5091: 5078: 5070: 5060: 5047: 5038: 5033: 4972:10.1163/13822373-90002571 4955:"The Sweet Trade Revived" 4918:Anthropological Quarterly 4880:Anthropological Quarterly 4793:Zahedieh, Nuala (2004b). 4753:Zahedieh, Nuala (2004a). 4739:National Library of Wales 4490:. American Film Institute 4391:. Oxford University Press 4368:. American Film Institute 4146:Little, Benerson (2007). 3895:Breverton, Terry (2005). 1632:The Buccaneers of America 1538:Breverton, Terry (2005). 1266:(1873), Hubert Bancroft, 1231: 242:, Modyford gave Morgan a 144: 134: 126: 116: 107: 88: 59: 44: 37: 7224:Indian Ocean slave trade 7113:International piracy law 7050:Pirate attacks in Borneo 6922:Capture of the schooner 6914:Capture of the schooner 6848:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet 6574:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 4646:Encyclopaedia Britannica 4581:Knighton, C. S. (2008). 4513:"Diageo Company History" 4447:Burnard, Trevor (2004). 4274:Rogoziński, Jan (1995). 4084:Gosse, Phillip (2007) . 3942:. London: Random House. 3914:Campbell, Mavis (1988). 3880:. London: Arthur Baker. 3869: 3780:Captain Morgan's Retreat 1562:observes that the terms 1474:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1452: 1260:A New History of Jamaica 721:. A spark in the ship's 689:La Ceiba (now Gibraltar) 250:(now Camagüey in modern 168:– 25 August 1688) was a 7943:Piracy in the Caribbean 7883:People from Abergavenny 7683:Captain Charles Johnson 7107:1717–1718 Acts of Grace 6818:Battle of Mandab Strait 6798:Battle of Boca Teacapan 6793:Balanguingui Expedition 6758:Action of 23 March 2010 4402:(subscription required) 4381:Blalock, Glenn (2000). 4335:Thomas, Graham (2014). 4316:Talty, Stephan (2007). 4167:Lycett, Andrew (1996). 3978:Cundall, Frank (1936). 3957:Cornell, Jimmy (2014). 874:Captain Charles Johnson 486:had been appointed the 301:and its jungles before 7040:Operation Ocean Shield 6868:Battle of Tonkin River 6813:Battle of Doro Passage 6768:Action of 5 April 2010 6763:Action of 1 April 2010 6753:Action of 9 April 2009 6733:1985 Lahad Datu ambush 6723: 6559:Jose Campuzano-Polanco 6544:Duarte Pacheco Pereira 5691:British Virgin Islands 5223:Jose Campuzano-Polanco 4834:Journals and magazines 4811:10.1093/ref:odnb/18871 4771:10.1093/ref:odnb/19224 4599:10.1093/ref:odnb/19708 4566:U.S. Geological Survey 4465:10.1093/ref:odnb/17260 3997:Curtis, Wayne (2007). 3720:Diageo Company History 1968:Dawdy & Bonni 2012 1602:Second Anglo-Dutch War 1450: 1299: 1262:(1739), Alan Gardner, 1254: 1141: 1103: 1037: 964: 936: 883: 824: 784: 762:leading to the fort's 695: 659: 658:Morgan with a prisoner 609: 570: 459: 303:they attacked the city 238:and Spain worsened in 158: 7656:Pirates versus Ninjas 7083:Slave raid of Suðuroy 7045:Persian Gulf Campaign 6930:Capture of the sloop 6858:Battle of the Leotung 6843:Battle of New Orleans 6722: 6584:Richard Avery Hornsby 6336:Piet Pieterszoon Hein 6296:Moses Cohen Henriques 6266:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal 6011:Christina Anna Skytte 5549:Brethren of the Coast 5532:Baltic Slavic pirates 5479:Ancient Mediterranean 5293:Moses Cohen Henriques 4959:New West Indian Guide 4930:10.1353/anq.2012.0049 4893:10.1353/anq.2012.0043 4682:"The People Who Came" 4534:"Pirates of Pirates!" 4103:Hold, Trevor (2005). 4086:The History of Piracy 4018:Earle, Peter (2007). 3876:Allen, H. R. (1976). 3385:, pp. 23, 32–33. 1643:The full name of the 1445: 1352:Blackbeard the Pirate 1288: 1245: 1136: 1095: 1083:Royal African Company 1035: 959: 934: 871: 862:Further information: 814: 776: 683: 674:Further information: 657: 621:Further information: 604: 565: 556:Further information: 453: 446:Career as a privateer 7903:17th-century pirates 7898:Governors of Jamaica 7578:skull and crossbones 7534:Mistress of the Seas 7216:Capture of the brig 7193:Atlantic slave trade 6954:Falklands Expedition 6808:Battle of Cape Lopez 6728:1582 Cagayan battles 6655:Queen Anne's Revenge 6206:José Joaquim Almeida 6191:John Newland Maffitt 6111:Hayreddin Barbarossa 5951:Bartolomeu Português 5941:Artemisia I of Caria 5936:Alexandre Exquemelin 5774:Baltic Slavic piracy 5527:Anglo-Turkish piracy 4965:(1 & 2): 91–97. 4507:: 94. November 2005. 3539:, pp. 137, 175. 3400:"Sir Henry Morgan". 3052:, pp. 257, 260. 1628:Alexandre Exquemelin 1376:Sid Meier's Pirates! 1278:(compiled in 1921). 1247:Alexandre Exquemelin 1187:, located in modern 1185:Lawrencefield Estate 817:Armada de Barlovento 596:Alexandre Exquemelin 569:being sacked in 1668 419:Caribbean expedition 380:or Pencarn (both in 346:Alexandre Exquemelin 328:and returned to the 53:Alexandre Exquemelin 7888:People from Cardiff 7595:No purchase, no pay 7563:Davy Jones's locker 7506:The Angel's Command 7350:Guybrush Threepwood 7198:Barbary slave trade 7175:African slave trade 6972:Jiajing wokou raids 6873:Battle of Ty-ho Bay 6096:François l'Olonnais 5956:Bartholomew Roberts 5844:Republic of Pirates 5383:Bartholomew Roberts 5373:François l'Olonnais 5034:Government offices 4953:Lane, Kris (2000). 4627:Scientific American 4383:"Morgan, Sir Henry" 4171:. London: Phoenix. 3635:, pp. 146–147. 3235:, pp. 295–297. 3223:, pp. 145–146. 3211:, pp. 111–113. 3112:, pp. 140–141. 3016:, pp. 562–563. 2920:, pp. 242–243. 2867:, pp. 206–207. 2855:, pp. 239–240. 2831:, pp. 201–204. 2771:, pp. 216–219. 2646:, pp. 171–172. 2610:, pp. 163–165. 2574:, pp. 162–163. 2478:, pp. 169–171. 2293:, pp. 144–145. 2206:, pp. 138–139. 1722:is one such writer. 1649:peso de ocho reales 1583:had ended in 1660) 1207:, on 3 March 1696. 1042:Assembly of Jamaica 983:Charles II and his 735:François l'Olonnais 704:Cartagena de Indias 592:Puerto del Príncipe 567:Puerto del Príncipe 488:Governor of Jamaica 430:and transported to 338:Assembly of Jamaica 336:. He served on the 334:Lieutenant Governor 248:Puerto del Príncipe 232:Governor of Jamaica 181:Port Royal, Jamaica 179:. From his base in 7938:Welsh slave owners 7755:Timeline of piracy 7712:Piracy kidnappings 7365:Jacquotte Delahaye 7320:Charlotte de Berry 7310:Captain Sabertooth 7203:Blockade of Africa 7158:Piracy Law of 1820 7088:Turkish Abductions 7025:Operation Atalanta 6959:Great Lakes Patrol 6838:Battle of Nam Quan 6788:Attack on Veracruz 6724: 6306:Nicholas van Hoorn 6291:Michel de Grammont 6156:Jacquotte Delahaye 6141:Hippolyte Bouchard 6061:Elise Eskilsdotter 6001:Charlotte de Berry 5966:Benjamin Hornigold 5303:Benjamin Hornigold 5298:Nicholas van Hoorn 5278:Michel de Grammont 5208:Hippolyte Bouchard 5027:, 100 Welsh Heroes 4875:Dawdy, Shannon Lee 4661:"Sir Henry Morgan" 4214:. London: Viking. 3672:Captain Blood, AFI 3422:. Oxford Reference 3416:"Sir Henry Morgan" 1364:Pirates of Tortuga 1358:Morgan, the Pirate 1300: 1264:History of Jamaica 1255: 1220:On 7 June 1692 an 1104: 1099:The London Gazette 1038: 985:Secretary of State 965: 937: 884: 825: 785: 696: 660: 617:Porto Bello (1668) 610: 571: 460: 396:, writing for the 258:(now Portobelo in 236:Kingdom of England 121:Kingdom of England 7953:Maritime folklore 7913:Jamaican planters 7850: 7849: 7831:Piracy portal 7814: 7813: 7791:Fictional pirates 7690:Truce of Ratisbon 7664: 7663: 7625:Walking the plank 7485:On Stranger Tides 7425:Tony Tony Chopper 7315:Captain Stingaree 7252:Fictional pirates 7068:Sack of Baltimore 7063:Raid on Cartagena 7005:Moscow University 6884:Beluga Nomination 6853:Battle of Pianosa 6778:Antelope incident 6669:Marquis of Havana 6607: 6606: 6316:Olivier Levasseur 6256:Louis-Michel Aury 6221:Klaus Störtebeker 6171:Jeanne de Clisson 6091:François Le Clerc 5926:Anne Dieu-le-Veut 5872: 5871: 5789:South China Coast 5753:Strait of Malacca 5429: 5428: 5178:Louis-Michel Aury 5133: 5132: 5123:Succeeded by 5092:Succeeded by 5061:Succeeded by 4824:(Subscription or 4784:(Subscription or 4612:(Subscription or 4478:(Subscription or 4346:978-1-4738-3522-1 4327:978-1-4165-0293-7 4308:978-1-57027-161-8 4287:978-0-8160-2761-3 4266:978-0-486-14759-8 4247:978-0-396-07566-0 4221:978-0-670-91957-4 4199:978-0-520-05689-3 4178:978-1-85799-783-5 4159:978-1-59797-101-0 4138:978-0-674-03403-7 4116:978-1-84383-174-7 4095:978-0-486-46183-0 4076:978-1-85109-421-9 4055:978-1-108-02481-5 4031:978-0-312-36142-6 4010:978-0-307-51285-7 3970:978-1-4081-5888-3 3949:978-0-8129-7722-6 3925:978-0-8978-9148-6 3906:978-1-903529-17-1 3887:978-0-213-16569-7 3587:, pp. 89–90. 3515:, pp. 52–53. 3337:, pp. 70–71. 3124:, pp. 54–55. 2980:, pp. 92–93. 2807:, pp. 92–93. 2723:, pp. 19–20. 2406:, pp. 50–51. 2281:, pp. 45–46. 2182:, pp. 36–38. 2134:, pp. 78–79. 2107:, pp. 16–17. 2059:, pp. 12–13. 2006:, pp. 44–45. 1581:Anglo-Spanish War 1555:Shannon Lee Dawdy 1370:The Black Corsair 1144:Slave plantations 1087:Hender Molesworth 989:Earl of Arlington 477:Yucatán Peninsula 464:Christopher Myngs 456:Christopher Myngs 388:, writing in the 330:Colony of Jamaica 224:Anglo-Spanish War 216:Christopher Myngs 197:sugar plantations 148: 147: 101:Colony of Jamaica 96:(aged 52–53) 7960: 7873:Knights Bachelor 7840: 7839: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7725: 7724: 7527:Pirate Latitudes 7520:Long John Silver 7513:Voyage of Slaves 7380:Long John Silver 7275:Captain Birdseye 7248: 7247: 7118:Letter of marque 7078:Salvador Pirates 7073:Sack of Campeche 6896:Chepo Expedition 6878:Battle of Tysami 6833:Battle off Mukah 6823:Battle of Manila 6662:Quedagh Merchant 6620:Adventure Galley 6466:Victual Brothers 6451:Thomas Cavendish 6416:Sayyida al Hurra 6401:Samuel Hall Lord 6381:Roche Braziliano 6366:Robert Culliford 6301:Nathaniel Gordon 6271:Martin Frobisher 6231:Laurens de Graaf 6201:Jørgen Jørgensen 6136:Henry Strangways 6116:Hendrick Lucifer 6066:Eustace the Monk 5931:António de Faria 5881: 5880: 5849:Republic of Salé 5819:Île Sainte-Marie 5674: 5673: 5651:Victual Brothers 5559:Cilician pirates 5456: 5449: 5442: 5433: 5432: 5421: 5410: 5333:Jørgen Jørgensen 5273:Laurens de Graaf 5213:Roche Braziliano 5159: 5152: 5145: 5136: 5135: 5102:Preceded by 5071:Preceded by 5039:Preceded by 5031: 5030: 5007: 4984: 4974: 4949: 4912: 4870: 4829: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4798: 4789: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4758: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4617: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4586: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4557: 4554:The Toronto Star 4548: 4546: 4544: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4515:. Archived from 4508: 4505:Islands Magazine 4499: 4497: 4495: 4483: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4452: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4433:Jamaica Observer 4423: 4421: 4419: 4413:Jamaica Observer 4403: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4362:"The Black Swan" 4355:Online resources 4350: 4331: 4312: 4291: 4270: 4251: 4239: 4225: 4203: 4182: 4163: 4142: 4120: 4099: 4080: 4059: 4040:Exquemelin, John 4035: 4014: 3993: 3974: 3953: 3934:Cordingly, David 3929: 3910: 3891: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3412: 3406: 3397: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1915: 1909: 1900: 1894: 1885: 1879: 1834: 1828: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1790: 1775: 1765: 1759: 1752: 1746: 1745:until the 1830s. 1739: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1718:Zahedieh in the 1716: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1694: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1666: 1660: 1641: 1635: 1624: 1618: 1611: 1605: 1598: 1592: 1577: 1571: 1551: 1545: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1494: 1465: 1330:Live and Let Die 1317:'s first novel, 1226:Kingston Harbour 1150:Jamaican Maroons 1022:Jamaica Merchant 969:Treaty of Madrid 913:and headed for 907:Fort San Lorenzo 768:guns were spiked 493:letter of marque 473:Sack of Campeche 469:Santiago de Cuba 406:than the book". 266:, he sailed for 244:letter of marque 167: 164: 151:Sir Henry Morgan 110:Piratical career 95: 68: 65: 49: 35: 34: 7968: 7967: 7963: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7853: 7852: 7851: 7846: 7825: 7823: 7810: 7776:Barbary pirates 7764: 7760:Women in piracy 7716: 7660: 7629: 7558:Buried treasure 7546: 7478:Facing the Flag 7471:Treasure Island 7444: 7390:Vaas Montenegro 7385:Monkey D. Luffy 7355:Hector Barbossa 7340:Elizabeth Swann 7305:Captain Pugwash 7242: 7240: 7233: 7210:Veloz Passagera 7208:Capture of the 7161: 7092: 6901:Capture of the 6709: 6641:Flying Dutchman 6603: 6569:Miguel Enríquez 6521: 6515: 6481:William Dampier 6436:Simon Mascarino 6431:Shirahama Kenki 6411:Samuel Pallache 6376:Roberto Cofresí 6286:Mary Wolverston 6261:Mansel Alcantra 6236:Lawrence Prince 5916:Albert W. Hicks 5868: 5806: 5798: 5762: 5719: 5665: 5661:Women in piracy 5626:Sindhi corsairs 5579:French corsairs 5569:Cossack pirates 5522:Albanian piracy 5515:Types of pirate 5510: 5465: 5460: 5430: 5425: 5411: 5402: 5378:Lawrence Prince 5243:William Dampier 5238:Roberto Cofresi 5169: 5168:since the 1660s 5163: 5129: 5119: 5114: 5107: 5097: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5066: 5057: 5052: 5045: 5015: 5010: 4859:10.2307/1834836 4841:Barbour, Violet 4836: 4823: 4815: 4813: 4783: 4775: 4773: 4743: 4741: 4725:Williams, David 4714: 4712: 4709:Jamaica Gleaner 4692: 4690: 4687:Jamaica Gleaner 4670: 4668: 4650: 4648: 4642:"Monmouthshire" 4631: 4629: 4611: 4603: 4601: 4571: 4569: 4542: 4540: 4522: 4520: 4519:on 4 April 2007 4493: 4491: 4488:"Captain Blood" 4477: 4469: 4467: 4437: 4435: 4417: 4415: 4401: 4394: 4392: 4371: 4369: 4357: 4347: 4328: 4309: 4288: 4267: 4248: 4222: 4200: 4179: 4160: 4139: 4117: 4096: 4077: 4056: 4032: 4011: 3971: 3950: 3926: 3907: 3888: 3872: 3866: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3817: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3684:Black Swan, AFI 3682: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3631: 3627: 3621:McGilligan 1986 3619: 3615: 3607: 3603: 3595: 3591: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3425: 3423: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3398: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3345: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3285: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2779: 2775: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2697:Rogoziński 1995 2695: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2542: 2534: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2498: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2426: 2422: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2378: 2369: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2325: 2321: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2297: 2291:Exquemelin 2010 2289: 2285: 2277: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2255:Exquemelin 2010 2253: 2249: 2241: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2204:Exquemelin 2010 2202: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2118: 2111: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2043: 2039: 2031: 2022: 2014: 2010: 2002: 1998: 1990: 1986: 1978: 1974: 1966: 1962: 1958:, p. xvii. 1954: 1947: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1918: 1910: 1903: 1895: 1888: 1880: 1837: 1831:Rogoziński 1995 1829: 1810: 1802: 1798: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1766: 1762: 1753: 1749: 1740: 1736: 1730: 1726: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1642: 1638: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1608: 1599: 1595: 1578: 1574: 1552: 1548: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1466: 1459: 1455: 1390:Seagram Company 1305:Rafael Sabatini 1290:Rafael Sabatini 1240: 1234: 1181: 1146: 1051:Robert Byndloss 1030: 1009:Knight Bachelor 993:Tower of London 954: 879:General History 866: 860: 848:King Charles II 723:powder magazine 678: 672: 625: 619: 560: 554: 530:Edward Mansvelt 484:Thomas Modyford 448: 417:as part of the 415:Oliver Cromwell 411:Robert Venables 374: 322:Knight Bachelor 228:Thomas Modyford 165: 103: 99:Lawrencefield, 97: 93: 84: 69: 66: 55: 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7966: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7834: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7808: 7803: 7801:Piracy by year 7798: 7793: 7788: 7786:Female pirates 7783: 7781:By nationality 7778: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7731: 7729: 7722: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7672: 7670: 7666: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7554: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7544: 7537: 7530: 7523: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7495: 7488: 7481: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7375:Joshamee Gibbs 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7256: 7254: 7245: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7213: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7182: 7177: 7171: 7169: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7155: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7009: 7000: 6991: 6982: 6978:Maersk Alabama 6974: 6969: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6943: 6935: 6927: 6919: 6911: 6906: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6717: 6715: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6700: 6693: 6686: 6679: 6672: 6665: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6637: 6630: 6623: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6589:Robert Maynard 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6525: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6471:Vincenzo Gambi 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6396:Samuel Bellamy 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6371:Robert Surcouf 6368: 6363: 6361:Richard Glover 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6331:Pierre Lafitte 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6106:Grace O'Malley 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6046:Edward England 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6006:Cheung Po Tsai 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5961:Benito de Soto 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5906:Abraham Samuel 5903: 5901:Adam Baldridge 5898: 5893: 5887: 5885: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5854:Saint Augustin 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5731:Horn of Africa 5727: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5715:Gulf of Guinea 5712: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5701:Lake Nicaragua 5693: 5682: 5680: 5678:Atlantic World 5671: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5584:Jewish pirates 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5486: 5481: 5475: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5459: 5458: 5451: 5444: 5436: 5427: 5426: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5388:Benito de Soto 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5348:Pierre Lafitte 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5318:Henry Jennings 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5258:Vincenzo Gambi 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5228:Cheung Po Tsai 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5188:Samuel Bellamy 5185: 5180: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5162: 5161: 5154: 5147: 5139: 5131: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5108: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5090: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5059: 5046: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5025:"Henry Morgan" 5022: 5019:"Henry Morgan" 5014: 5013:External links 5011: 5009: 5008: 4985: 4950: 4924:(3): 755–784. 4913: 4887:(3): 673–699. 4871: 4853:(3): 529–566. 4835: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4790: 4750: 4721: 4699: 4677: 4657: 4638: 4618: 4578: 4568:. 6 April 2016 4558: 4549: 4529: 4509: 4500: 4484: 4444: 4424: 4404: 4378: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4345: 4332: 4326: 4313: 4307: 4292: 4286: 4271: 4265: 4252: 4246: 4226: 4220: 4208:Paxman, Jeremy 4204: 4198: 4183: 4177: 4164: 4158: 4143: 4137: 4121: 4115: 4100: 4094: 4081: 4075: 4060: 4054: 4036: 4030: 4015: 4009: 3994: 3975: 3969: 3954: 3948: 3930: 3924: 3911: 3905: 3892: 3886: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3821:, p. 771. 3808: 3796: 3784: 3772: 3770:, p. 102. 3760: 3748: 3746:, p. 141. 3744:Breverton 2005 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3676: 3664: 3662:, p. 348. 3649: 3647:, p. 238. 3637: 3633:Breverton 2005 3625: 3623:, p. 299. 3613: 3601: 3599:, pp. 92. 3589: 3577: 3565: 3553: 3551:, p. 111. 3541: 3529: 3527:, p. 175. 3517: 3513:Cordingly 2006 3505: 3493: 3491:, p. 181. 3481: 3479:, p. 344. 3469: 3457: 3455:, p. 260. 3445: 3443:, p. 347. 3433: 3407: 3387: 3375: 3373:, p. 280. 3363: 3361:, p. 342. 3351: 3349:, p. 127. 3347:Breverton 2005 3339: 3327: 3315: 3303: 3291: 3289:, p. 244. 3276: 3274:, p. 120. 3272:Breverton 2005 3264: 3249: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3209:Breverton 2005 3201: 3199:, p. 276. 3189: 3187:, p. 112. 3185:Breverton 2005 3177: 3175:, p. 271. 3165: 3163:, p. 277. 3150: 3146:Cordingly 2006 3138: 3136:, p. 108. 3134:Breverton 2005 3126: 3122:Cordingly 2006 3114: 3102: 3100:, p. 268. 3090: 3086:Breverton 2005 3078: 3074:Cordingly 2006 3066: 3064:, p. 264. 3054: 3042: 3040:, p. 565. 3030: 3028:, p. 119. 3018: 3006: 3004:, p. 663. 2994: 2992:, p. 251. 2982: 2978:Breverton 2005 2970: 2968:, p. 159. 2958: 2956:, p. 251. 2946: 2942:Breverton 2005 2934: 2922: 2910: 2898: 2894:Cordingly 2006 2881: 2879:, p. 241. 2869: 2857: 2845: 2841:Cordingly 2006 2833: 2821: 2809: 2797: 2793:Breverton 2005 2785: 2783:, p. 158. 2773: 2761: 2757:Cordingly 2006 2749: 2737: 2733:Breverton 2005 2725: 2713: 2711:, p. 559. 2701: 2699:, p. 229. 2684: 2680:Breverton 2005 2672: 2670:, p. 157. 2660: 2658:, p. 172. 2648: 2636: 2634:, p. 170. 2624: 2612: 2600: 2588: 2576: 2564: 2552: 2540: 2536:Breverton 2005 2528: 2526:, p. 151. 2516: 2514:, p. 150. 2504: 2492: 2490:, p. 149. 2480: 2468: 2466:, p. 145. 2456: 2452:Cordingly 2006 2444: 2442:, p. 166. 2432: 2420: 2416:Breverton 2005 2408: 2404:Breverton 2005 2396: 2384: 2382:, p. 163. 2367: 2355: 2353:, p. 556. 2343: 2331: 2327:Cordingly 2006 2319: 2317:, p. 249. 2307: 2303:Breverton 2005 2295: 2283: 2279:Cordingly 2006 2271: 2269:, p. 147. 2259: 2257:, p. 139. 2247: 2243:Breverton 2005 2232: 2220: 2218:, p. 145. 2208: 2196: 2194:, p. 156. 2184: 2180:Breverton 2005 2172: 2160: 2158:, p. 164. 2148: 2136: 2124: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2083:, p. 148. 2073: 2071:, p. 146. 2061: 2049: 2037: 2033:Zahedieh 2004b 2020: 2008: 1996: 1994:, p. 444. 1992:Cordingly 2006 1984: 1972: 1970:, p. 678. 1960: 1956:Cordingly 2006 1945: 1943:, p. 154. 1933: 1916: 1901: 1886: 1882:Zahedieh 2004a 1835: 1833:, p. 228. 1808: 1796: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1772:The Black Swan 1760: 1747: 1734: 1724: 1711: 1702: 1689: 1679: 1670: 1661: 1653:Spanish dollar 1636: 1619: 1606: 1593: 1572: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1536: 1526: 1519: 1504: 1495: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1438:British Empire 1419:The economist 1414:Ambergris Caye 1394:Captain Morgan 1346:The Black Swan 1335:John Masefield 1327:'s 1954 novel 1315:John Steinbeck 1307:'s 1922 novel 1292:'s 1922 novel 1233: 1230: 1180: 1177: 1158:Blue Mountains 1154:Juan de Serras 1145: 1142: 1029: 1026: 973:Violet Barbour 953: 950: 942:Edward Collier 899:Santa Catalina 895:Old Providence 859: 856: 821:Lake Maracaibo 747:Lake Maracaibo 691:in modern-day 671: 668: 618: 615: 553: 550: 523:Sint Eustatius 447: 444: 436:Spanish Empire 394:Nuala Zahedieh 386:David Williams 373: 370: 280:Lake Maracaibo 146: 145: 142: 141: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 105: 104: 98: 92:25 August 1688 90: 86: 85: 70: 61: 57: 56: 50: 42: 41: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7965: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7893:Welsh pirates 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7843: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7821: 7820: 7817: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7719: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7678: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669:Miscellaneous 7667: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7634:Miscellaneous 7632: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7615:Pirate utopia 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7494: 7493: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7480: 7479: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7335:Elaine Marley 7333: 7331: 7330:Edward Kenway 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7290:Captain Flint 7288: 7286: 7285:Captain Crook 7283: 7281: 7280:Captain Blood 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7236: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7159: 7156: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7103:Acts of grace 7101: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6996:Orkim Harmony 6992: 6990: 6988: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6939:Carré d'As IV 6936: 6934: 6933: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6903:Ambrose Light 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6716: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6687: 6685: 6684: 6683:Royal Fortune 6680: 6678: 6677: 6673: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6627:Ambrose Light 6624: 6622: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6610: 6600: 6599:Woodes Rogers 6597: 6595: 6594:Thomas Warren 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6554:Julius Caesar 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6534:Chaloner Ogle 6532: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6506:Zheng Zhilong 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6391:Sadie Farrell 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6341:Princess Sela 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6321:Pedro Gilbert 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6241:Liang Daoming 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6086:Francis Drake 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6041:Dominique You 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5996:Charles Gibbs 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5891:Abduwali Muse 5889: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5877:Major figures 5875: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5814:Barataria Bay 5812: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5804:Pirate havens 5801: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5779:Barbary Coast 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5631:Timber pirate 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5513: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5452: 5450: 5445: 5443: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5424: 5423:Piracy portal 5420: 5414: 5409: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393:Dominique You 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5328:Edward Jordan 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5268:Pedro Gilbert 5266: 5264: 5263:Charles Gibbs 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5167: 5160: 5155: 5153: 5148: 5146: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5128: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5032: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4827: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4787: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4556:. p. T4. 4555: 4550: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4238: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3955: 3951: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3873: 3856: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3806:, p. 96. 3805: 3800: 3793: 3788: 3781: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3757: 3756:Folliott 2014 3752: 3745: 3740: 3733: 3732:Tortello 2004 3728: 3721: 3716: 3710:, p. 42. 3709: 3704: 3697: 3692: 3685: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3646: 3641: 3634: 3629: 3622: 3617: 3610: 3605: 3598: 3597:Snelders 2005 3593: 3586: 3585:Snelders 2005 3581: 3574: 3569: 3562: 3557: 3550: 3549:Snelders 2005 3545: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3509: 3502: 3497: 3490: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3466: 3465:Tortello 2002 3461: 3454: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3421: 3417: 3411: 3404: 3403: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3384: 3383:Campbell 1988 3379: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3348: 3343: 3336: 3331: 3324: 3319: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3295: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3273: 3268: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3217: 3210: 3205: 3198: 3193: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3148:, p. 55. 3147: 3142: 3135: 3130: 3123: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3099: 3094: 3088:, p. 99. 3087: 3082: 3076:, p. 54. 3075: 3070: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3010: 3003: 2998: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2974: 2967: 2962: 2955: 2950: 2944:, p. 91. 2943: 2938: 2931: 2926: 2919: 2914: 2908:, p. 34. 2907: 2902: 2896:, p. 52. 2895: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2878: 2873: 2866: 2861: 2854: 2849: 2843:, p. 51. 2842: 2837: 2830: 2825: 2818: 2813: 2806: 2801: 2795:, p. 83. 2794: 2789: 2782: 2777: 2770: 2765: 2759:, p. 50. 2758: 2753: 2746: 2741: 2735:, p. 71. 2734: 2729: 2722: 2717: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2682:, p. 61. 2681: 2676: 2669: 2664: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2616: 2609: 2604: 2597: 2592: 2585: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2561: 2556: 2549: 2544: 2538:, p. 54. 2537: 2532: 2525: 2520: 2513: 2508: 2501: 2496: 2489: 2484: 2477: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2454:, p. 48. 2453: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2430:, p. 54. 2429: 2424: 2418:, p. 52. 2417: 2412: 2405: 2400: 2393: 2388: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2365:, p. 49. 2364: 2359: 2352: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2329:, p. 47. 2328: 2323: 2316: 2311: 2305:, p. 43. 2304: 2299: 2292: 2287: 2280: 2275: 2268: 2263: 2256: 2251: 2245:, p. 40. 2244: 2239: 2237: 2230:, p. 90. 2229: 2224: 2217: 2212: 2205: 2200: 2193: 2188: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2164: 2157: 2152: 2145: 2140: 2133: 2128: 2121: 2116: 2114: 2106: 2101: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2077: 2070: 2065: 2058: 2053: 2047:, p. 16. 2046: 2041: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2017: 2016:Knighton 2008 2012: 2005: 2000: 1993: 1988: 1981: 1976: 1969: 1964: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1942: 1937: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1913: 1912:Williams 1959 1908: 1906: 1899:, p. 62. 1898: 1893: 1891: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1805: 1804:Monmouthshire 1800: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1773: 1769: 1768:Captain Blood 1764: 1757: 1756:Peter Warlock 1751: 1744: 1738: 1728: 1721: 1715: 1706: 1699: 1693: 1683: 1674: 1665: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1616: 1610: 1603: 1597: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1499: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430:landed gentry 1427: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1340:Captain Blood 1336: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1310:Captain Blood 1306: 1297: 1296: 1295:Captain Blood 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1215: 1208: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1193:state funeral 1190: 1186: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1101: 1100: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1063:Privy Council 1058: 1056: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1034: 1025: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 996: 994: 990: 986: 980: 978: 974: 970: 962: 958: 949: 945: 943: 933: 929: 927: 926:Robert Searle 922: 920: 916: 912: 911:Chagres River 908: 904: 900: 896: 891: 889: 881: 880: 875: 870: 865: 855: 853: 849: 844: 840: 838: 834: 830: 822: 818: 813: 809: 807: 801: 799: 795: 789: 783: 779: 775: 771: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 727: 724: 720: 716: 712: 709: 705: 701: 694: 690: 686: 682: 677: 667: 665: 656: 652: 650: 646: 640: 636: 634: 630: 624: 614: 608: 603: 599: 597: 593: 587: 585: 582:(now part of 581: 576: 568: 564: 559: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 526: 524: 518: 516: 512: 511: 506: 502: 497: 494: 489: 485: 480: 478: 474: 470: 465: 457: 452: 443: 441: 437: 433: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 407: 405: 401: 400: 395: 391: 387: 383: 382:Monmouthshire 379: 369: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 260:modern Panamá 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 218:in the early 217: 213: 209: 205: 204:Monmouthshire 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 171: 160: 156: 152: 143: 140: 137: 133: 129: 125: 122: 119: 115: 112: 111: 106: 102: 91: 87: 82: 81:Monmouthshire 78: 74: 62: 58: 54: 48: 43: 36: 33: 29: 22: 7863:1630s births 7822: 7695:Pirate Round 7675: 7646:Space pirate 7620:Treasure map 7539: 7532: 7525: 7518: 7511: 7504: 7497: 7490: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7462: 7455: 7410:Roronoa Zoro 7360:Jack Sparrow 7300:Captain Nemo 7295:Captain Hook 7217: 7209: 7185: 7055: 7012: 7004: 6995: 6986: 6977: 6964: 6947:Dai Hong Dan 6946: 6938: 6931: 6923: 6915: 6902: 6883: 6702: 6697:Whydah Gally 6695: 6688: 6681: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6653: 6648:Ganj-i-Sawai 6646: 6639: 6632: 6625: 6618: 6612:Pirate ships 6564:Luis Fajardo 6549:James Brooke 6539:David Porter 6511:Zheng Yi Sao 6486:William Kidd 6441:Stede Bonnet 6426:Shap-ng-tsai 6406:Samuel Mason 6326:Peter Easton 6276:Mary Lindsey 6226:Lai Choi San 6216:Joseph Barss 6211:Joseph Baker 6181:John Hawkins 6176:Johanna Hård 6166:Jean Lafitte 6161:Jan Janszoon 6151:Israel Hands 6131:Henry Morgan 6130: 6121:Henri Caesar 6036:Dirk Chivers 5971:Black Caesar 5896:Abshir Boyah 5767:Other waters 5748:Persian Gulf 5736:Somali Coast 5724:Indian Ocean 5696:Spanish Main 5611:River pirate 5589:Moro pirates 5564:Child pirate 5489:21st century 5398:Zheng Yi Sao 5368:Henry Morgan 5367: 5363:Samuel Mason 5343:Jean Lafitte 5338:William Kidd 5323:Bill Johnson 5288:Israel Hands 5198:Stede Bonnet 5183:Joseph Baker 5127:Thomas Lynch 5115: 5110: 5084: 5079: 5053: 5048: 5043:Thomas Lynch 5021:, Data Wales 4998:(2): 30–37. 4995: 4989: 4962: 4958: 4921: 4917: 4884: 4878: 4850: 4844: 4814:. Retrieved 4800: 4774:. Retrieved 4760: 4742:. Retrieved 4732: 4713:. Retrieved 4707: 4691:. Retrieved 4685: 4669:. Retrieved 4664: 4649:. Retrieved 4645: 4630:. Retrieved 4626: 4602:. Retrieved 4588: 4570:. Retrieved 4565: 4553: 4541:. Retrieved 4537: 4521:. Retrieved 4517:the original 4504: 4492:. Retrieved 4468:. Retrieved 4454: 4436:. Retrieved 4432: 4416:. Retrieved 4412: 4393:. Retrieved 4386: 4370:. Retrieved 4365: 4336: 4317: 4297: 4276: 4256: 4235: 4230:Pope, Dudley 4211: 4188: 4168: 4148: 4128: 4125:Latimer, Jon 4105: 4085: 4065: 4044: 4020: 3999: 3980: 3959: 3938: 3915: 3896: 3877: 3857:, 4039–4047. 3850: 3838: 3826: 3799: 3787: 3775: 3768:Cornell 2014 3763: 3751: 3739: 3727: 3715: 3703: 3696:Firaxis 2004 3691: 3679: 3667: 3640: 3628: 3616: 3609:Pringle 2001 3604: 3592: 3580: 3573:Pringle 2001 3568: 3561:Pringle 2001 3556: 3544: 3532: 3520: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3453:Latimer 2009 3448: 3436: 3424:. Retrieved 3419: 3410: 3401: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3335:Cundall 1936 3330: 3318: 3306: 3301:, 3879–3885. 3294: 3267: 3260:Burnard 2004 3240: 3228: 3216: 3204: 3192: 3180: 3168: 3141: 3129: 3117: 3105: 3093: 3081: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3038:Barbour 1911 3033: 3021: 3014:Barbour 1911 3009: 3002:Francis 2006 2997: 2985: 2973: 2961: 2949: 2937: 2925: 2913: 2901: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2740: 2728: 2716: 2709:Barbour 1911 2704: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2639: 2627: 2622:, 1652–1680. 2615: 2603: 2591: 2579: 2567: 2562:, 1524–1534. 2555: 2550:, 1410–1425. 2543: 2531: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2483: 2471: 2459: 2447: 2435: 2423: 2411: 2399: 2387: 2358: 2351:Barbour 1911 2346: 2334: 2322: 2310: 2298: 2286: 2274: 2262: 2250: 2223: 2211: 2199: 2187: 2175: 2163: 2156:Latimer 2009 2151: 2139: 2127: 2100: 2088: 2081:Latimer 2009 2076: 2069:Latimer 2009 2064: 2052: 2040: 2011: 1999: 1987: 1982:, p. 4. 1980:Latimer 2009 1975: 1963: 1936: 1929:Blalock 2000 1799: 1788: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1750: 1737: 1727: 1719: 1714: 1705: 1692: 1682: 1673: 1664: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1631: 1622: 1609: 1604:(1665–1667). 1596: 1589:Lord Windsor 1575: 1567: 1563: 1549: 1539: 1532: 1529:Pope, Dudley 1522: 1515: 1507: 1498: 1483:Welsh county 1472: 1446: 1442: 1433: 1421:Peter Leeson 1418: 1388:In 1944 the 1387: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1328: 1318: 1308: 1301: 1293: 1280: 1275: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1250: 1219: 1212: 1209: 1201: 1182: 1170: 1162: 1147: 1137: 1121: 1111: 1107: 1105: 1097: 1096:Report from 1079: 1071: 1059: 1047: 1039: 1021: 997: 981: 977:Thomas Lynch 966: 946: 938: 923: 892: 885: 877: 845: 841: 836: 832: 828: 826: 805: 802: 800:would work. 797: 790: 786: 755: 730: 729:The loss of 728: 718: 714: 697: 661: 649:human shield 641: 637: 633:Spanish Main 626: 611: 588: 572: 546:Fort Charles 527: 519: 508: 498: 481: 461: 440:privateering 408: 397: 375: 324:in November 319: 307:peace treaty 288: 201: 199:on Jamaica. 185:Spanish Main 159:Harri Morgan 150: 149: 127:Years active 108: 94:(1688-08-25) 71:most likely 39:Henry Morgan 32: 7868:1688 deaths 7610:Pirate code 7585:Keelhauling 7573:Jolly Roger 7435:Will Turner 7370:José Gaspar 7270:Barbe Rouge 7167:Slave trade 6421:Sister Ping 6351:Rachel Wall 6146:Huang Bamei 6126:Henry Every 6081:Fūma Kotarō 6076:Flying Gang 5991:Calico Jack 5981:Bully Hayes 5784:Falcon Lake 5758:Nosy Boraha 5616:Sea Beggars 5604:Confederate 5574:Filibusters 5308:Huang Bamei 5283:John Halsey 5253:Henry Every 5218:Calico Jack 4991:Archaeology 4715:22 November 4693:17 November 4671:22 November 4632:14 November 4572:13 November 4543:17 November 4494:16 November 4470:10 November 4438:22 November 4418:22 November 4372:16 November 4366:Afi Catalog 4169:Ian Fleming 3855:Thomas 2014 3819:Galvin 2012 3792:Matson 2008 3708:Curtis 2007 3645:Lycett 1996 3323:Thomas 2014 3311:Thomas 2014 3299:Thomas 2014 2930:Thomas 2014 2817:Thomas 2014 2745:Thomas 2014 2721:Paxman 2011 2620:Thomas 2014 2596:Thomas 2014 2584:Thomas 2014 2560:Thomas 2014 2548:Thomas 2014 2500:Thomas 2014 2392:Thomas 2014 2339:Thomas 2014 2315:Little 2007 2168:Thomas 2014 2144:Thomas 2014 2120:Thomas 2014 2093:Thomas 2014 1743:Inquisition 1698:Panama City 1630:'s history 1560:Jon Latimer 1367:(1961) and 1325:Ian Fleming 1320:Cup of Gold 1272:Howard Pyle 1270:(1883) and 1128:Hans Sloane 1074:martial law 915:Panama City 852:prize money 764:powder kegs 700:Île-à-Vache 629:Porto Bello 607:Porto Bello 501:John Morris 423:West Indies 348:, a former 295:Panama City 256:Porto Bello 222:during the 212:West Indies 189:prize money 166: 1635 67: 1635 7928:Port Royal 7878:Privateers 7857:Categories 7769:Categories 7745:Privateers 7707:Matelotage 7641:Air pirate 7605:Pet parrot 7457:The Pirate 7405:Nico Robin 7325:Davy Jones 7265:Tom Ayrton 7239:Pirates in 7128:Piracy Act 7097:Piracy law 7013:North Star 6676:My Revenge 6529:Angelo Emo 6491:Zheng Jing 6456:Thomas Tew 6251:Lo Hon-cho 6071:Flora Burn 6051:Edward Low 6021:Dan Seavey 6016:Chui A-poo 5976:Blackbeard 5921:Anne Bonny 5859:Saint-Malo 5839:Port Royal 5824:Libertatia 5636:Ushkuyniks 5599:Privateers 5594:Narentines 5554:Buccaneers 5484:Golden Age 5358:Edward Low 5353:Lo Hon-cho 5233:Chui A-poo 5203:Anne Bonny 5193:Blackbeard 5120:1680–1682 5058:1674–1675 4828:required.) 4816:13 October 4788:required.) 4776:10 October 4744:10 October 4616:required.) 4604:11 January 4482:required.) 4395:10 October 3843:Burke 2018 3831:Burke 2017 3575:, 869–876. 3537:Allen 1976 3525:Allen 1976 3489:Allen 1976 3426:29 January 3371:Talty 2007 3221:Allen 1976 3173:Talty 2007 3110:Allen 1976 3026:Allen 1976 2966:Gosse 2007 2954:Talty 2007 2906:Patel 2013 2865:Earle 2007 2853:Talty 2007 2829:Earle 2007 2805:Allen 1976 2781:Gosse 2007 2668:Gosse 2007 2656:Talty 2007 2644:Talty 2007 2632:Talty 2007 2608:Talty 2007 2572:Talty 2007 2524:Talty 2007 2512:Talty 2007 2488:Talty 2007 2464:Talty 2007 2428:Allen 1976 2363:Allen 1976 2228:Talty 2007 2192:Gosse 2007 2132:Talty 2007 2105:Allen 1976 2057:Allen 1976 2045:Allen 1976 2004:Talty 2007 1941:Gosse 2007 1781:References 1585:Charles II 1487:Llanrumney 1416:, Belize. 1236:See also: 1197:Palisadoes 1189:Port Maria 1017:Anglicised 961:Charles II 745:, both on 708:Royal Navy 538:Willemstad 505:Port Royal 427:apprentice 413:, sent by 378:Llanrumney 372:Early life 315:Charles II 135:Later work 117:Allegiance 73:Llanrumney 7590:Marooning 7218:Brillante 7007:hijacking 6998:hijacking 6989:hijacking 6980:hijacking 6281:Mary Read 6186:John Hoar 6056:Eli Boggs 6026:Diabolito 5807:and bases 5743:Indonesia 5708:Venezuela 5686:Caribbean 5248:Diabolito 4946:145105515 4909:145510457 4651:6 January 4232:(1978) . 4042:(2010) . 3936:(2006) . 3804:Lane 2000 3660:Hold 2005 3477:Pope 1978 3441:Pope 1978 3359:Pope 1978 3287:Pope 1978 3233:Pope 1978 3197:Pope 1978 3161:Pope 1978 3098:Pope 1978 3062:Pope 1978 3050:Pope 1978 2990:Pope 1978 2918:Pope 1978 2877:Pope 1978 2769:Pope 1978 2476:Pope 1978 2440:Pope 1978 2380:Pope 1978 2267:Pope 1978 2216:Pope 1978 1897:Pope 1978 1568:buccaneer 1426:Kris Lane 1406:Clarendon 1396:brand of 1274:'s work, 1165:enslaving 1116:affidavit 794:fire ship 782:Maracaibo 743:Gibraltar 739:Maracaibo 693:Venezuela 685:Maracaibo 276:Gibraltar 272:Venezuela 268:Maracaibo 173:privateer 130:1663–1671 7842:Category 7568:Eyepatch 7440:Zanzibar 7415:Sandokan 7395:Mr. Smee 7260:Askeladd 7188:Incident 7058:incident 6967:incident 6949:incident 6941:incident 6886:incident 6501:Zheng Yi 6496:Zheng Qi 6476:Wang Zhi 6356:Redbeard 6246:Limahong 6196:John Pro 6101:Gan Ning 5986:Cai Qian 5794:Sulu Sea 5621:Sea Dogs 5004:41804641 4981:41850027 4938:41857270 4901:41857267 4727:(1959). 4523:13 April 4210:(2011). 4127:(2009). 1647:was the 1531:(1978). 1361:(1961), 1355:(1952), 1349:(1942), 1343:(1935), 1110:(trans: 886:In 1669 837:Magdalen 829:Magdalen 806:Magdalen 798:Magdalen 471:and the 432:Barbados 7806:Pirates 7735:Pirates 7243:culture 7241:popular 7186:Amistad 6987:Zafirah 6690:Saladin 6522:hunters 6311:Ng Akew 5911:Alfhild 5884:Pirates 5864:Tortuga 5646:Vikings 5542:Algiers 5471:Periods 5166:Pirates 4867:1834836 3990:3262925 3864:Sources 3325:, 3970. 3313:, 3949. 2932:, 2863. 2819:, 2453. 2747:, 2110. 2598:, 1657. 2502:, 1346. 2394:, 1171. 2341:, 1113. 1732:peers". 1615:Cartago 1491:Cardiff 1055:Tortuga 919:isthmus 903:Chagres 833:Soledad 711:frigate 580:Tortuga 575:England 542:militia 534:Curaçao 475:on the 354:torture 350:Flemish 299:isthmus 208:Cardiff 83:, Wales 77:Cardiff 7796:Piracy 7702:Mutiny 7600:Pegleg 7551:Tropes 7449:Novels 7345:Franky 7015:affair 6579:Pompey 6520:Pirate 6461:Veborg 5946:Awilda 5834:Mamora 5641:Uskoks 5463:Piracy 5116:acting 5085:acting 5054:acting 5002: 4979: 4944: 4936: 4907: 4899: 4865: 4822: 4782: 4610: 4476: 4343: 4324: 4305: 4284: 4263: 4244: 4218: 4212:Empire 4196: 4175: 4156: 4135: 4113: 4092: 4073: 4052: 4028: 4007: 3988: 3967: 3946: 3922: 3903: 3884: 3611:, 963. 3563:, 869. 2170:, 756. 2146:, 738. 2122:, 568. 2095:, 563. 1564:pirate 1410:Roatán 1402:Diageo 1232:Legacy 1132:dropsy 987:, the 731:Oxford 719:Oxford 715:Oxford 515:Edward 366:pirate 340:until 274:, and 262:). In 254:) and 230:, the 7728:Lists 7430:Usopp 7420:Sanji 7056:Quest 6965:Irene 6924:Fancy 6916:Bravo 6634:Fancy 6446:Teuta 6386:Rusla 5829:Lundy 5670:Areas 5656:Wokou 5089:1678 5000:JSTOR 4977:JSTOR 4942:S2CID 4934:JSTOR 4905:S2CID 4897:JSTOR 4863:JSTOR 3870:Books 1479:Wales 1453:Notes 1013:Welsh 756:Lilly 664:pesos 645:libel 584:Haiti 358:libel 278:, on 220:1660s 170:Welsh 155:Welsh 7721:Meta 7400:Nami 7152:1850 7148:1837 7144:1721 7140:1717 7136:1698 7132:1536 6932:Anne 6704:York 6031:Dido 5504:2024 5499:2023 5494:2022 5125:Sir 5041:Sir 4818:2016 4778:2016 4746:2016 4717:2021 4695:2016 4673:2021 4653:2017 4634:2016 4606:2017 4574:2016 4545:2016 4525:2007 4496:2016 4472:2016 4440:2021 4420:2021 4397:2016 4374:2016 4341:ISBN 4322:ISBN 4303:ISBN 4282:ISBN 4261:ISBN 4242:ISBN 4216:ISBN 4194:ISBN 4173:ISBN 4154:ISBN 4133:ISBN 4111:ISBN 4090:ISBN 4071:ISBN 4050:ISBN 4026:ISBN 4005:ISBN 3986:OCLC 3965:ISBN 3944:ISBN 3920:ISBN 3901:ISBN 3882:ISBN 3428:2022 1770:and 1645:peso 1566:and 1467:The 1379:and 1333:and 1313:and 897:and 823:1669 760:fuse 741:and 687:and 482:Sir 454:Sir 404:pike 362:1688 342:1683 326:1674 311:1672 291:1671 264:1668 252:Cuba 240:1667 193:loot 191:and 89:Died 60:Born 7003:MV 6994:MT 6985:MT 4967:doi 4926:doi 4889:doi 4855:doi 4807:doi 4767:doi 4595:doi 4538:IGN 4461:doi 1398:rum 1249:'s 1214:sic 1152:of 876:'s 819:at 586:). 510:sic 289:In 286:. 7859:: 7150:, 7146:, 7142:, 7138:, 7134:, 4996:66 4994:. 4975:. 4963:74 4961:. 4957:. 4940:. 4932:. 4922:85 4920:. 4903:. 4895:. 4885:85 4883:. 4861:. 4851:16 4849:. 4799:. 4759:. 4737:. 4731:. 4706:. 4684:. 4663:. 4644:. 4625:. 4587:. 4564:. 4536:. 4453:. 4431:. 4411:. 4385:. 4364:. 3811:^ 3652:^ 3418:. 3390:^ 3279:^ 3252:^ 3153:^ 2884:^ 2687:^ 2370:^ 2235:^ 2112:^ 2023:^ 1948:^ 1919:^ 1904:^ 1889:^ 1838:^ 1811:^ 1460:^ 1385:. 1089:. 979:. 921:. 713:, 479:. 317:. 270:, 163:c. 161:; 157:: 75:, 64:c. 7154:) 7130:( 7109:) 7105:( 5455:e 5448:t 5441:v 5158:e 5151:t 5144:v 5006:. 4983:. 4969:: 4948:. 4928:: 4911:. 4891:: 4869:. 4857:: 4820:. 4809:: 4780:. 4769:: 4748:. 4719:. 4697:. 4675:. 4655:. 4636:. 4608:. 4597:: 4576:. 4547:. 4527:. 4498:. 4474:. 4463:: 4442:. 4422:. 4399:. 4376:. 4349:. 4330:. 4311:. 4290:. 4269:. 4250:. 4224:. 4202:. 4181:. 4162:. 4141:. 4119:. 4098:. 4079:. 4058:. 4034:. 4013:. 3992:. 3973:. 3952:. 3928:. 3909:. 3890:. 3845:. 3833:. 3794:. 3782:. 3758:. 3734:. 3722:. 3698:. 3686:. 3674:. 3503:. 3467:. 3430:. 3405:. 3262:. 2035:. 2018:. 1931:. 1914:. 1884:. 1806:. 1758:. 1542:. 1535:. 1525:. 1518:. 882:) 153:( 30:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index