559:(24 December 1914) forecasting that the Allies would win a war of attrition but it was unclear whether this would take one, two or three years. In 1915, IV Corps formed part of the First Army (General Douglas Haig). At the battle of Neuve Chapelle (10–12 March 1915), he massed 340 guns. The weight of this bombardment on a comparatively narrow front enabled the attackers to secure the village and 1,600 yd (1,500 m) of the German front line. The arrival of German reinforcements prevented further advance. Rawlinson concluded that an enemy's line of trenches could be broken 'with suitable artillery preparation' combined with secrecy. He also drew a lesson, that trench warfare called for limited advances: 'What I want to do now is what I call "Bite & Hold" – bite off a piece of the enemy's line like Neuve Chapelle & hold it against all counter-attacks...there ought to be no difficulty in holding against the enemy's counterattacks & inflicting on him at least twice the loss that we have suffered in making the bite'.
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and, if necessary, "be the next Dyer". Nonetheless, with Gandhi temporarily behind bars and increasing economic stability as the 1920s advanced, Rawlinson had the scope to reduce the Army's strength, modernise its equipment and work closely with
Viceroys Chelmsford and Reading to try to make dyarchy a success. In Waziristan, the British and Indian Field Force backed by aircraft put an end to the fighting, built roads and established a brigade base at Razmak. Rawlinson announced a scheme of "Indianisation" to the Legislative Assembly on 17 February 1923. Its aim, he said, was to "give Indians a fair opportunity of providing that units officered by Indians will be efficient in every way". The Prince of Wales' Royal Indian Military College was founded at
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fire on the Somme is filling the hospitals more than ever" wrote the wife of a German aristocrat. Rawlinson contributed to this in his awareness of guns and aircraft and his planning aided by his chief of staff for attacks on 14 July and 25 September. On and before 1 July and during most of August he has been criticised for giving insufficient direction and did not consistently assert control over subordinate commanders. There was cautious
British optimism at the end of the Battle and General Sir Henry Wilson's felt that Haig could defeat Germany in 1917 by fighting "two Sommes at once", but that he should be told how much manpower was available and told to plan accordingly.
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937:'s ordering his men to shoot at a crowd at Amritsar, killing 387 unarmed Indians, left a deep legacy of bitterness. The 3rd Afghan War had ended, but there was continued fighting in Waziristan. A hugely expanded army faced postwar demobilisation and continued cost of modernisation. The new commander-in-chief was expected to introduce a measure of "Indianisation", giving commissions to Indians. Under the system of Dyarchy, Indians, generally opposed to military expenditure, took a share in government and Rawlinson would have to justify army budgets. The Moplah Rebellion of 1921 brought widespread disorder. When
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bombardment, the leading
British attackers, some within 100 yd (91 m) of enemy lines attacked the German position. Nearly all first line objectives were taken. The Germans suffered 2,200 casualties and the British took 1,400 prisoners. The British were unable to exploit this success and a long period of difficult fighting followed. The Germans made excellent use of the woods on the battlefield, turning each into a strongpoint. Rawlinson mainly failed to intervene and coordinate attacks until late August and early September, when he massed guns and men, enabling brigades of the
586:, French participation was greatly reduced, leaving the British, and especially Rawlinson's inexperienced army, to bear the brunt of the offensive. On the eve of the offensive, he "showed an attitude of absolute confidence". To his diary he confided some uncertainties: "What the actual results will be no one can say but I feel pretty confident of success myself though only after heavy fighting. That the bosh will break and that a debacle will supervene I do not believe..." He was not satisfied that the wire was well cut and enemy trenches sufficiently "knocked about".
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615:. By the afternoon Rawlinson was aware of much of the disaster but not of the casualties. By 3 July he knew 8,000 prisoners had been taken. On the Allied right, the British and French had more success. Here they had a better fire plan but limited objectives as a flank guard to a main advance further north. This was more in keeping with Rawlinson's idea of "bite and hold". There is no documentary evidence that the corps commander on the right (southern) British flank, Lieutenant General
933:. Winston Churchill as Secretary of State for War was instrumental in securing his appointment, over-riding a tradition that the post alternated between officers from the British and Indian Armies. He told Lloyd George that the post should go to the best qualified officer and that his military advisors "entirely supported my view that the best appointment we could make would be that of General Lord Rawlinson". He held the post until his death. He faced severe challenges. Brigadier
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It is not true that heavily laden
British infantry were required to advance at a slow walk. The researches of the historians Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson have shown that the majority of battalions were out in No Man's Land before whistles blew. This was of no avail, except in the south, against skilful placing of German machine guns in enfilade positions and German artillery fire falling on British trenches to prevent reinforcements reaching the
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firing on a scale, which, so far as the writer can recall, has never been attempted before." The historians Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson praise
Rawlinson's foresight in considering combining infantry with the fire-power of machine-guns and artillery. After handing over the division to his successor in May 1914 Rawlinson went on leave, returning on the outbreak of war to briefly serve as Director of Recruiting at the War Office.
967:. By the end of his Indian command, he had reduced the Indian army in numbers and cost, but improved firepower, mobility and training. In financial matters he had been hugely helped by Sir Bhupendra Mitra, who had financial details "at his finger's ends". He had been appointed to succeed Lord Cavan as CIGS when he left India.
520:. IV Corps, acting under orders from the Cabinet, was chosen to reinforce the city. Rawlinson arrived in Antwerp on 6 October. It was soon obvious that the combined British, Belgian, and French forces were too weak to hold the city, and Kitchener decided on an evacuation two days later. IV Corps and the remnants of the
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as "the black day of the German Army", the Allies took 12,000 prisoners and captured 450 guns. The German and Allied commands were struck by the collapse in German morale and the high number of
Germans surrendering without a fight. The Allies were still cautious about pressing their advantage too far
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The principal causes of the defeat in the north were the skill of German defenders, the siting of their defences and the failure of the long and heavy preliminary artillery bombardment to destroy the German barbed wire and trenches, except in the southern sector where French heavy artillery assisted.
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The Somme offensive was launched on 1 July 1916. In
English writing, attention has been paid to the first day, a British disaster for three of the five attacking corps, although the battle lasted 141 days against two German armies. On 1 July, British forces were repulsed by the Germans along most of
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John
Newsinger argues that "there is no doubt that the great majority of the British in India, soldiers, officials, civilians, agreed with Rawlinson on this. A few months later he noted in his journal that he "was determined to fight for the white community against any black sedition or rebellion",
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Unless we, as a government, are prepared to act vigorously and take strong measures to combat the insidious propaganda of the extremists we are bound to have something very like rebellion in India before long... You say what you like about not holding India by the sword, but you have held it by the
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launched the movement of non-cooperation with the
British on 1 August 1920, he wished to avoid popular violence, but in 1922 the campaign degenerated: a crowd attacked a police station at Chauri Chaura, set fire to the building and 22 or 23 policemen were burnt to death or hacked down by the crowd.
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Haig told
Rawlinson to exploit success in the south. Fourth Army fought its way forward towards the second German line atop the Bazentin Ridge. At first light on 14 July, following a night approach march, a two-day preparatory bombardment of over 375,000 shells and a five-minute intensive hurricane
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The results of the Somme remain in dispute; casualties on both sides were immense. There is evidence that the German Army suffered enormous damage from an increasingly effective British artillery aided by French and British air superiority over the battlefield. "The unprecedented English artillery
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in 1910. In manoeuvres in June 1912, he showed an appreciation of the use of artillery, the Times's correspondent noting approvingly, "An operation of altogether unusual character took place yesterday on Salisbury Plain when Major-General Sir Henry Rawlinson's 3rd Division practised combined field
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Godwin-Austen, historian of the college, wrote: "Blessed with an extremely attractive personality, a handsome appearance, high social standing, and more than an average share of this world's goods, he was one to inspire his students unconsciously to follow in his footsteps." Promoted to temporary
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Rawlinson was the first of three reforming Commandants who transformed the Staff College into a real war school. The curriculum was modernised and updated, the teaching given a new sense of purpose and instructors became 'Directing Staff' rather than 'Professors', emphasising practicality. Major
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dated 23 June 1902, Lord Kitchener wrote of Rawlinson that he "possesses the qualities of Staff Officer and Column Commander in the field. His characteristics will always ensure him a front place in whatever he sets his mind to." For his service in the war, Rawlinson was appointed a
363:, the commander-in-chief in India. Rawlinson and the Roberts family remained close friends throughout his life. When Roberts died in November, 1914, Rawlinson wrote, "I feel as if I have lost my second father." His first military experience was serving in
631:, who had penetrated the German position north of Thiepval. Rawlinson's 'Tactical Notes', initially drafted by his chief of staff Archie Montgomery, were not prescriptive, giving initiative to battalion commanders to choose their formations.
1023:. "The General paints in water colours and does it very well," wrote Churchill. "With all my enormous paraphernalia, I have produced very indifferent results here." He married Meredith Sophia Francis Kennard (1861–1931) at St Paul's Church,
742:; his Fourth Army Staff joined him and Fifth Army became Fourth Army on 2 April. By this time the German Army's offensive had been checked, and the Allies were preparing a counter-offensive. Following the success of the
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L. G. Pine, The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms (London, U.K.: Heraldry Today, 1972), page 227. Hereinafter cited as The New Extinct
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Gandhi cancelled the campaign, but he and other leaders of the resistance were arrested. Rawlinson certainly began his command believing that the Army would have to maintain order. On 15 July, he complained that:
845:, the Australian commander, but Rawlinson broadened the front and gave him more tanks. The Allied attack was preceded by a massive artillery bombardment. Allied success was most striking in the centre where the
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Rawlinson had received the brevet rank of colonel in the South Africa Honours list published on 26 June 1902, was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 1 April 1903, and named as commandant of the
582:. He wrote in his diary: "It is not the lot of many men to command an army of over half a million men". The Somme was originally conceived as a joint Anglo-French offensive but owing to the demands of the
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and on 11 August Rawlinson advised Haig to halt the offensive. In September, again commanding a mixed force of British, Australian and American divisions, Rawlinson participated in the breaking of the
770:. By this stage of the war British manpower was severely depleted, and to achieve the breakthrough, the Fourth Army comprised four Canadian, five Australian, five British and two American divisions.
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and further to damage the German Army's weakening morale. At lunch on 16 July Haig agreed, saying he had already proposed such an operation. Rawlinson had learned from his experiences on the Somme:
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crossed the St Quentin Canal and stormed trenches beyond, advancing up to 3 mi (4.8 km) and taking over 5,300 prisoners. The Fourth Army's advance continued in the Battles of the
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The attack was to be on a relatively narrow front, with no prior bombardment and limited objectives. To ensure a breakthrough, Haig gave Rawlinson command of virtually the whole British
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Rodney Atwood, 'Rawlinson on the Somme, 'Centenary Perspectives on the Great War: Society for Army Historical Research Commemorative Special Publication on the First World War p. 74.
1003:, being met at the South Jetty by a military ceremonial receiving party. Rawlinson was buried in the chapel of St Michael and St George in the north transept of St Andrew's Church,
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sword for 100 years and when you give up the sword you will be turned out. You must keep the sword ready to hand and in case of trouble or rebellion use it relentlessly.
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Robin Prior & Trevor Wilson, 'Command on the Western Front: the Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918 (Barnsley, 2004), Part IV, "The Somme", pp. 137–260.
425:, the last battle of the war (11 April 1902). Following the end of hostilities in June 1902, he returned to the United Kingdom together with Lord Kitchener on board the
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Robin Prior & Trevor Wilson, Command on the Western Front: the Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918 (Pen & Sword Books, Barnsley, 2004), p. 56.
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Major General C.E. Callwell, 'Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life and Diaries (2 vols. London, 1927), pp. 296–297 quoting his diary of 14 November 1916.
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T.R. Moreman, 'The Dawn Assault – Friday 14th July 1916,' Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, vol LXXI, no. 287 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 180–204.
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Robin Prior & Trevor Wilson, Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918 (Barnsley, Pen & Sword, 2004), p. 10.
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to capture Guillemont village. By late September, superior British artillery and better tactics enabled the British to achieve a striking success in the
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in the April 1901 South Africa Honours list (the award was dated to 29 November 1900), and he received the actual decoration after his return home, from
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Rawlinson was a gifted watercolour artist. In March 1920, he and Winston Churchill enjoyed a painting holiday together on the French estate of
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on 22 December 1915. Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 1 January 1916, Rawlinson assumed command of the new
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and Oise Canal. In the Hundred Days, the Fourth Army had gained 85 mi (137 km), taking 80,000 prisoners and 1,100 guns.
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1027:, London on 5 November 1890, the marriage producing no children. On Henry Rawlinson's death the baronetcy passed to his brother
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Jacobsen, Mark, (2002) 'Rawlinson in India'. Publications of the Army Records Society Vol 19.Sutton Publishing, Stroud, Glos.
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calls it terrorism, so it is and in dealing with natives of all classes you have to use terrorism whether you like it or not.
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Brian Robson, Crisis on the Frontier: The Third Afghan War and the Campaign in Waziristan 1919–1920 (Staplehurst, 2004).
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between 18 and 27 October and suffered heavy casualties. On 28 October, IV Corps was put under the temporary command of
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The immeasurable superiority of the planning for 8 August 1918 over that for 1 July 1916 testified to the distance the
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On 28 March 1918, Rawlinson took over Fifth Army from Hubert Gough, sacked in the wake of the German March offensive,
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in India, after a medical operation for a stomach ailment, although not long before the operation he had played
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The Life of General Lord Rawlinson of Trent G.C.B., G.C.V.O., G.C.S.I., K.C.M.G.: From His Journals and Letters
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Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) - 14 July 1917 (KCVO: 15 August 1916; CVO: 30 June 1905)
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the front north of the Albert–Bapaume road, suffering 57,000 casualties. The worst defeats were in front of
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on 4 July, Rawlinson proposed to Haig a larger attack, designed to force the Germans back from the city of
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Brian Bond, The Victorian Army and the Staff College, 1854–1914. London, Eyre Methuen, 1972, pp. 196–199.
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successfully re-joined Allied forces in Western Belgium, with the Cabinet returning Rawlinson's Corps to
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331:. His mother was Louisa Caroline Harcourt Seymour (1828-1889). He received his early formal education at
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Rawlinson was again called on to organise an evacuation, this time of the Allied forces that had been
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Rawlinson was bestowed with many honours in reward for his role in the First World War. He was made a
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passed a vote of thanks to him for his military service, and awarded him the sum of ÂŁ30,000 from the
623:, telephoned Rawlinson to ask permission to advance beyond his set objectives or to send in cavalry.
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Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) – 1 January 1919 (KCB: 18 February 1915; CB: 1902)
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in India on 6 February 1884. His father arranged for him to serve on the staff of a friend, General
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on 24 January 1916. The Fourth Army would play a major role in the planned Allied offensive on the
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Brevet-Major A.R. Godwin-Austen, The Staff and the Staff College. London, Constable, 1927, p. 235;
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690:. In February 1918 he was appointed British Permanent Military Representative to the inter-Allied
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Atwood, Rodney, (2018) 'General Lord Rawlinson. From Tragedy to Triumph'. Bloomsbury Academic,
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516:. In late September, the Belgian government formally requested British military assistance in
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with his army commanders and their chiefs of staff, November 1918. Front row, left to right:
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The Times, 28 March 1925, p. 12. 'Death of Lord Rawlinson. Sudden collapse after operation.'
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686:"for distinguished service in the field". For a period in 1917–18, he also commanded the
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in 1922, run on English public school lines, to encourage potential officer candidates.
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654:, General Sir Henry Rawlinson and Lieutenant Harding of the Royal Engineers in 1916.
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Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (KCMG) – 1 January 1918
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In 1889, Rawlinson's mother died and he returned to Britain. He transferred to the
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Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918
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J.P. Harris, 'Douglas Haig and the First World War' (Cambridge, 2008), p.p. 242.
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2211:"Newspaper clipping showing the scene of the casket's arrival at Portsmouth"
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Princess Evelyn Blucher, An English Wife in Berlin (London, 1920), p. 154.
552:. When he returned in November the German attacks on Ypres had died down.
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and seemed fit and well. His body was carried back to England on the SS
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Robin Prior & Trevor Wilson The Somme (London, 2005), pp. 112–118.
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In September 1914 Rawlinson was appointed General Officer Commanding
784:, Sir Douglas Haig, Sir Henry Rawlinson. Middle row, left to right:
2613:. Foreword by John S. D. Eisenhower. University of Oklahoma Press.
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Obilitch Medal in Gold of the Kingdom of Montenegro – 21 April 1917
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Baron Rawlinson, of Trent in the County of Dorset – 31 October 1919
722:, August 12, 1918. The King was received at the Chateau by General
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At the end of 1915, Rawlinson was considered for command of the
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Maurice, Life of General Lord Rawlinson, pp. 328 & 330–331.
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The Blood Never Dried: A People's History of the British Empire
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National Archives, WO31/15353, 'Appointment of Lord Rawlinson'
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Newspaper clippings about Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson
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while Rawlinson went to England to oversee the preparation of
540:. Located at the centre of the British line, IV Corps met the
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proved a striking success. On 8 August, described by General
566:, in succession to Haig but the command was instead given to
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Rawlinson served with distinction in a field command in the
999:, onto which the coffin was transferred, then carried into
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After passing through commissioned officer training at the
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Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
1074:, 1st Class of the Kingdom of Montenegro – 31 October 1916
730:(both can be seen in the background), while Major General
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from 1899 to 1902, earning promotion to the local rank of
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Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
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Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Borrowed Soldiers: Americans under British Command, 1918
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Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
671:(formerly Reserve Army, commanded by Lieutenant General
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Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
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Members of the Council of the Governor General of India
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Jacobsen, Rawlinson in India, pp. pp. xxi–xxiv and 1–6.
1515:'Combined Field Firing', The Times 28 June 1912, p. 13.
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during early 1902, and led a column taking part in the
2025:"Biographical entry for Baron Henry Seymour Rawlinson"
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With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918
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The Great War Generals on the Western Front 1914–1918
1415:. No. 36908. London. 25 October 1902. p. 8.
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In January 1917, Rawlinson was promoted to permanent
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scholar who is generally recognised as the father of
1343:"The Army in South Africa – Troops returning home".
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Rawlinson died on 28 March 1925 at the age of 61 at
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Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: A Political Soldier
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Kitchener's War: British Strategy from 1914 to 1916
1347:. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 10.
3439:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
1362:. No. 36819. London. 14 July 1902. p. 6.
1136:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
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1083:, 4th Class of the Empire of Russia – 1 June 1917
714:congratulates General Sir Henry Rawlinson on the
3454:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
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2249:General Lord Rawlinson: From Tragedy to Triumph
1433:(Supplement). 26 June 1902. pp. 4191–4193.
1202:General Lord Rawlinson: from Tragedy to Triumph
872:Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
555:Rawlinson wrote to the Conservative politician
512:on 4 October 1914, he then took command of the
219:Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
2683:The Papers of General Lord (Henry S) Rawlinson
1823:Atwood, 'Rawlinson on the Somme', p.91note111.
3414:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
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2584:Maurice, Major-General Sir Frederick (1928),
2544:Beckett, Ian F. W.; Corvi, Steven J. (2006).
2389:(Supplement). 24 February 1916. p. 2065.
2353:(Supplement). 18 February 1915. p. 1686.
1583:. United States: Potomac Books. p. 100.
267:(20 February 1864 – 28 March 1925), known as
3504:British military personnel in colonial India
3444:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
3394:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
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2173:Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, pp. 224–225.
2119:. Bookmarks Publications. pp. 113–114.
2002:Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, pp. 189–191.
1868:Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, pp. 157–158.
1204:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 102.
238:Henry Seymour Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson
3479:Commandants of the Staff College, Camberley
3404:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
2251:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 14.
1921:(Supplement). 29 December 1916. p. 15.
1737:(Supplement). 14 January 1916. p. 568.
1719:(Supplement). 10 January 1916. p. 437.
1127:"Rawlinson, Henry Seymour, Baron Rawlinson"
900:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
718:at Molliens-au-Bois Chateau, the HQ of the
211:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
3070:
3056:
2710:Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley
2479:(Supplement). 11 March 1918. p. 3097.
2425:(Supplement). 21 April 1917. p. 3826.
2096:dated 4 April 2019, Vol. 41, No.7, pp 9–12
471:on 1 March 1907, he was made Commander of
38:
3474:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
3409:British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
2634:
2605:
2461:(Supplement). 26 July 1917. p. 7590.
2407:(Supplement). 9 March 1917. p. 2448.
2315:(Supplement). 30 June 1905. p. 4550.
2114:
2019:
2017:
1859:Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, pp.97-100
1242:Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
642:inspecting captured German trenches near
536:, advancing northwards, was preparing to
532:on the night of 13–14 October, where the
383:on 4 November 1891. He served on General
2509:
2489:
2471:
2453:
2443:(Supplement). 1 June 1917. p. 5433.
2435:
2417:
2399:
2381:
2363:
2345:
2325:
2307:
2289:
2271:
2139:
2066:(Supplement). 1 January 1919. p. 1.
2058:
2037:
1913:
1841:Atwood, 'Rawlinson on the Somme', p. 74.
1805:Atwood, 'Rawlinson on the Somme', p. 76.
1729:
1711:
1560:
1497:
1479:
1443:
1425:
1390:
1372:
1324:
1306:
1288:
1270:
1252:
1179:
772:
705:
633:
593:
338:
2565:
2237:Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, p. 204.
2011:Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, p. 200.
1953:Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, p. 176.
1133:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
479:that year and, having been promoted to
3376:
2629:Adventures in the Near East, 1918–1922
2548:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military.
2246:
2054:
2052:
2027:. Holmes A-Court family history. 2018.
2014:
1618:
1578:
1199:
865:
589:
323:, was an Army officer, and a renowned
295:(1918) as well as the breaking of the
3051:
2191:Jacobsen, Rawlinson in India, p. 189.
1087:Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold
824:The Allies achieved surprise and the
23:, a British diplomat and orientalist.
3424:British Commanders-in-Chief of India
3419:British Army generals of World War I
1540:. Casemate Publishers. p. 166.
1534:Beckett, Ian; Corvi, Steven (2006).
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
598:General Sir Henry Rawlinson, Bt, at
271:between 1895 and 1919, was a senior
19:Not to be confused with his father,
2049:
1380:. 29 July 1902. pp. 4835–4837.
1107:of the United States – 12 July 1919
963:In 1924, Rawlinson was appointed a
370:
13:
2527:
1696:
1663:
1648:
1633:
1603:
701:
528:'s command. IV Corps marched into
494:
440:Companion of the Order of the Bath
14:
3515:
3469:King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
2657:
2371:. 31 October 1919. p. 13255.
2045:. 31 October 1919. p. 13255.
1260:. 24 November 1891. p. 6231.
1218:
924:
542:main thrust of the German attacks
508:in France. Promoted to temporary
345:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
319:on 20 February 1864. His father,
3224:
3218:
2982:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1747:Prior & Wilson 2003, p. 137.
1568:. 13 October 1914. p. 8135.
1105:Army Distinguished Service Medal
1014:
991:, which was met on reaching the
886:. In 1919, he was raised to the
814:Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd
499:
461:
321:Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet
269:Sir Henry Rawlinson, 2nd Baronet
21:Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet
16:British Army general (1864–1925)
3464:Knights of the Order of St John
3399:People educated at Eton College
2503:
2483:
2465:
2447:
2429:
2411:
2393:
2375:
2357:
2339:
2319:
2301:
2297:. 18 August 1916. p. 8149.
2283:
2265:
2240:
2231:
2217:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2133:
2108:
2099:
2079:
2070:
2031:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1956:
1947:
1925:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1750:
1741:
1723:
1705:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1657:
1642:
1627:
1612:
1597:
1572:
1554:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1491:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1437:
1419:
1404:
1384:
1366:
1351:
1336:
1318:
1296:. 3 February 1899. p. 722.
1278:. 3 February 1899. p. 720.
1189:. 5 February 1884. p. 535.
602:HQ, Querrieu Château, July 1916
570:. He was promoted to temporary
387:'s staff during the advance on
285:the British Expeditionary Force
3489:Military personnel from Dorset
2631:Andrew Melrose, OCLC 369625881
2499:. 18 March 1919. p. 1232.
2279:. 3 August 1917. p. 7912.
1400:. 19 April 1901. p. 2697.
1300:
1282:
1264:
1246:
1193:
1173:
1163:
1118:
762:had travelled in the interim."
1:
3020:Peerage of the United Kingdom
2519:. 18 July 1919. p. 2428.
1487:. 8 March 1907. p. 1740.
1332:. 18 July 1902. p. 4589.
1314:. 21 June 1901. p. 4187.
1111:
913:. In November 1919 he became
860:
847:46th (North Midland) Division
395:in 1898, and was promoted to
306:
2877:November 1917–February 1918
2843:February 1916–November 1917
2819:December 1915–February 1916
2335:. 1 January 1918. p. 9.
2225:"St. Andrew's Church, Trent"
1533:
1505:. 18 May 1909. p. 3763.
1157:UK public library membership
1068:of France – 24 February 1916
929:In 1920, Rawlinson was made
675:) capturing Beaumont Hamel.
7:
2792:October 1914–December 1915
2674:20th Century Press Archives
2666:(13 portraits, 6 displayed)
2570:. Oxford University Press.
2144:. Stroud. pp. 12, 16.
1451:. 5 May 1903. p. 2843.
1358:"Lord Kitchener′s return".
796:. Back row, left to right:
10:
3520:
3484:Barons created by George V
2937:GOC-in-C Aldershot Command
1814:Middlebrook, 213, 226, 291
1758:The First Day on the Somme
1579:Cassar, George H. (2004).
1101:of France – 11 March 1919
1095:of Belgium – 11 March 1918
1039:
1034:
915:General Officer Commanding
841:. Initial planning was by
734:can be seen next to Bliss.
485:General Officer Commanding
483:on 10 May 1909, he became
399:on 25 January 1899 and to
367:during the 1886 uprising.
18:
3233:
3216:
3085:
3079:Commander-in-Chief, India
3030:
3025:
3018:
3008:
2995:
2987:
2980:
2970:
2961:
2953:
2943:
2934:
2926:
2906:
2897:
2889:
2879:
2862:
2854:
2836:
2831:
2821:
2812:
2804:
2794:
2785:
2780:
2770:
2761:
2753:
2743:
2734:
2726:
2716:
2707:
2699:
2694:
2687:Churchill Archives Centre
2664:National Portrait Gallery
2090:"They would have laughed"
1089:of Belgium – 26 July 1917
931:Commander-in-Chief, India
878:1918. In August 1919 the
417:on 6 May 1901. He was in
299:(1918). He commanded the
206:
188:
147:Commander-in-Chief, India
142:
128:
118:
110:
98:
90:
70:
49:
37:
30:
2227:. Dorset Churches. 2018.
2115:Newsinger, John (2006).
1058:
970:
874:in 1917 and appointed a
357:King's Royal Rifle Corps
347:, Rawlinson entered the
183:Staff College, Camberley
133:King's Royal Rifle Corps
2768:September–October 1914
2588:Cassell, OCLC 924000844
2566:Jeffery, Keith (2006).
2247:Atwood, Rodney (2018).
1760:, Allen Lane, 1971, p78
1200:Atwood, Rodney (2018).
1021:the Duke of Westminster
227:Mentioned in Despatches
2904:March 1918–March 1919
2607:Yockelson, Mitchell A.
2094:London Review of Books
1966:, Allen Lane 2011, 119
1699:General Lord Rawlinson
1666:General Lord Rawlinson
1651:General Lord Rawlinson
1636:General Lord Rawlinson
1606:General Lord Rawlinson
1142:10.1093/ref:odnb/35690
997:a Royal Navy destroyer
953:
839:Hundred Days Offensive
837:, a major part of the
821:
764:
735:
655:
629:36th (Ulster) Division
603:
379:, and was promoted to
311:Rawlinson was born at
287:at the battles of the
3434:British Army generals
2627:Rawlinson, A. (1923)
2516:The Edinburgh Gazette
2496:The Edinburgh Gazette
2332:The Edinburgh Gazette
1933:"Sir Henry Rawlinson"
1064:Grand Officer of the
944:
776:
756:
709:
661:16th (Irish) Division
637:
597:
361:Sir Frederick Roberts
339:Early military career
111:Years of service
3429:English polo players
2930:Sir Archibald Murray
2883:Sir William Birdwood
2591:Prior, Robin (2004)
2140:Jacobsen, M (2002).
1756:Martin Middlebrook,
909:to intervene in the
880:Houses of Parliament
802:Sir Charles Kavanagh
798:Sir Herbert Lawrence
790:Sir William Birdwood
538:meet the German Army
473:2nd Infantry Brigade
450:on 24 October 1902.
406:on 26 January 1899.
179:2nd Infantry Brigade
3002:(of North Walsham)
2910:Sir Henry Rawlinson
2848:Position abolished
1081:Order of St. George
1007:, in the county of
866:Post-war activities
692:Supreme War Council
638:Lieutenant-General
590:Battle of the Somme
429:, which arrived in
303:from 1920 to 1925.
3087:East India Company
2858:Sir Herbert Plumer
2642:. Robinson, 1999.
2477:The London Gazette
2459:The London Gazette
2441:The London Gazette
2423:The London Gazette
2405:The London Gazette
2387:The London Gazette
2369:The London Gazette
2351:The London Gazette
2313:The London Gazette
2295:The London Gazette
2277:The London Gazette
2142:Rawlinson in India
2064:The London Gazette
2043:The London Gazette
1919:The London Gazette
1735:The London Gazette
1717:The London Gazette
1678:Jeffery 2006, p139
1653:. pp. 97–100.
1566:The London Gazette
1503:The London Gazette
1485:The London Gazette
1449:The London Gazette
1431:The London Gazette
1411:"Court Circular".
1397:The London Gazette
1378:The London Gazette
1330:The London Gazette
1312:The London Gazette
1294:The London Gazette
1276:The London Gazette
1258:The London Gazette
1186:The London Gazette
1001:Portsmouth Harbour
898:, and appointed a
822:
782:Sir Herbert Plumer
736:
720:U.S. 33rd Division
656:
604:
510:lieutenant-general
456:Army Staff College
404:lieutenant-colonel
279:who commanded the
32:The Lord Rawlinson
3494:Burials in Dorset
3371:
3370:
3046:
3045:
3009:Succeeded by
2971:Succeeded by
2957:Sir Charles Monro
2947:The Earl of Cavan
2944:Succeeded by
2922:
2907:Succeeded by
2880:Succeeded by
2874:
2825:Sir Charles Monro
2822:Succeeded by
2795:Succeeded by
2771:Succeeded by
2744:Succeeded by
2717:Succeeded by
2695:Military offices
2620:978-0-8061-3919-7
2577:978-0-19-820358-2
2555:978-1-84415-169-1
2539:978-1-4742-4698-9
2258:978-1-4742-4698-9
1962:David Stevenson,
1935:. First World War
1638:. pp. 95–96.
1211:978-1-4742-4698-9
1155:(Subscription or
919:Aldershot Command
911:Russian Civil War
818:Hastings Anderson
740:Operation Michael
568:Sir Charles Monro
518:defending Antwerp
469:brigadier-general
448:Buckingham Palace
433:on 12 July. In a
423:Battle of Rooiwal
419:Western Transvaal
385:Herbert Kitchener
377:Coldstream Guards
232:
231:
151:Aldershot Command
137:Coldstream Guards
44:Rawlinson in 1916
3511:
3228:
3222:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3012:Alfred Rawlinson
2988:Preceded by
2954:Preceded by
2927:Preceded by
2913:
2893:Sir Hubert Gough
2890:Preceded by
2873:, December 1917)
2868:
2855:Preceded by
2808:Sir Douglas Haig
2805:Preceded by
2798:Sir Henry Wilson
2764:GOC 4th Division
2754:Preceded by
2737:GOC 3rd Division
2730:William Franklyn
2727:Preceded by
2700:Preceded by
2692:
2691:
2653:
2636:Neillands, Robin
2624:
2581:
2559:
2521:
2520:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1796:Middlebrook, 226
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1239:
1216:
1215:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1129:
1122:
1066:Legion of Honour
1029:Alfred Rawlinson
896:County of Dorset
894:of Trent in the
830:Erich Ludendorff
826:Battle of Amiens
778:Sir Douglas Haig
724:John J. Pershing
716:Battle of Amiens
665:Battle of Morval
584:Battle of Verdun
371:Colonial service
266:
261:
254:
247:
100:
77:
60:20 February 1864
59:
57:
42:
28:
27:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3229:
3223:
3214:
3081:
3076:
3036:
3033:Baron Rawlinson
3014:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2991:Henry Rawlinson
2976:
2974:Sir Claud Jacob
2967:
2959:
2949:
2940:
2932:
2918:GOC Fourth Army
2912:
2903:
2895:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2865:GOC Second Army
2860:
2842:
2839:GOC Fourth Army
2827:
2818:
2810:
2800:
2791:
2776:
2767:
2759:
2749:
2747:Hubert Hamilton
2740:
2732:
2722:
2713:
2705:
2660:
2650:
2621:
2578:
2556:
2546:Haig's Generals
2530:
2528:Further reading
2525:
2524:
2508:
2504:
2488:
2484:
2470:
2466:
2452:
2448:
2434:
2430:
2416:
2412:
2398:
2394:
2380:
2376:
2362:
2358:
2344:
2340:
2324:
2320:
2306:
2302:
2288:
2284:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2086:Ferdinand Mount
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2057:
2050:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:Middlebrook, 90
1777:
1773:
1769:Middlebrook, 70
1768:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1728:
1724:
1710:
1706:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1662:
1658:
1647:
1643:
1632:
1628:
1621:Kitchener's War
1619:Cassar (2004).
1617:
1613:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1577:
1573:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1537:Haig's Generals
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1496:
1492:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1442:
1438:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1389:
1385:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1323:
1319:
1305:
1301:
1287:
1283:
1269:
1265:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1219:
1212:
1198:
1194:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1146:
1144:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1099:Croix de Guerre
1093:Croix de Guerre
1072:Order of Danilo
1061:
1042:
1037:
1017:
993:English Channel
973:
927:
892:Baron Rawlinson
868:
863:
835:Hindenburg Line
806:Brudenell White
794:Sir Henry Horne
786:Sir Julian Byng
768:armoured forces
732:George Bell Jr.
728:Tasker H. Bliss
704:
702:Battles of 1918
652:Prince of Wales
640:Walter Congreve
617:Walter Congreve
592:
526:Sir John French
502:
497:
495:First World War
464:
411:Second Boer War
373:
341:
309:
297:Hindenburg Line
277:First World War
275:officer in the
259:
252:
245:
241:
225:
221:
217:
213:
201:First World War
199:
197:Second Boer War
195:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
135:
79:
75:
61:
55:
53:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3517:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
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1701:. p. 95.
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1608:. p. 94.
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85:British India
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74:28 March 1925
73:
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62:Trent Manor,
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
3317:
3040:
3031:
3027:New creation
3026:
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2996:
2964:C-in-C India
2962:
2935:
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2863:
2847:
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2837:
2832:
2813:
2788:GOC IV Corps
2786:
2781:
2774:Henry Wilson
2762:
2735:
2720:Henry Wilson
2708:
2639:
2628:
2610:
2595:Leo Cooper,
2592:
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2081:
2072:
2063:
2042:
2033:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
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1819:
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1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1201:
1195:
1184:
1175:
1165:
1145:. Retrieved
1131:
1120:
1018:
988:
974:
962:
954:
945:
928:
904:
891:
869:
823:
765:
757:
737:
726:and General
681:
677:
673:Hubert Gough
657:
625:
605:
561:
554:
550:8th Division
546:Douglas Haig
522:Belgian Army
506:4th Division
503:
488:3rd Division
465:
452:
426:
408:
374:
349:British Army
342:
333:Eton College
310:
273:British Army
268:
237:
233:
189:Battles/wars
175:3rd Division
171:4th Division
105:British Army
76:(1925-03-28)
25:
3389:1925 deaths
3384:1864 births
2871:Fourth Army
2757:Thomas Snow
2511:"No. 13475"
2491:"No. 13420"
2473:"No. 30568"
2455:"No. 30202"
2437:"No. 30108"
2419:"No. 30030"
2401:"No. 29977"
2383:"No. 29486"
2365:"No. 31624"
2347:"No. 29074"
2327:"No. 13186"
2309:"No. 27811"
2291:"No. 29711"
2273:"No. 30216"
2060:"No. 31092"
2039:"No. 31624"
1915:"No. 29886"
1731:"No. 29438"
1713:"No. 29433"
1562:"No. 28935"
1499:"No. 28252"
1481:"No. 28002"
1445:"No. 27549"
1427:"No. 27448"
1392:"No. 27306"
1374:"No. 27459"
1326:"No. 27455"
1308:"No. 27325"
1290:"No. 27048"
1272:"No. 27048"
1254:"No. 26226"
1181:"No. 25315"
843:John Monash
688:Second Army
646:along with
600:Fourth Army
576:Fourth Army
431:Southampton
329:Assyriology
325:Middle East
301:Indian Army
291:(1916) and
281:Fourth Army
193:Mahdist War
159:Fourth Army
155:Second Army
3378:Categories
3363:Auchinleck
3343:Auchinleck
3105:Cornwallis
3037:1919–1925
3006:1895–1925
2968:1920–1925
2941:1919–1920
2741:1910–1914
2714:1903–1906
2649:1841190632
1939:15 January
1159:required.)
1112:References
861:Later life
746:attack at
744:Australian
696:Versailles
669:Fifth Army
621:XIII Corps
564:First Army
557:Lord Derby
444:Edward VII
427:SS Orotava
353:lieutenant
307:Early life
163:First Army
91:Allegiance
56:1864-02-20
3318:Rawlinson
3298:Kitchener
3253:Mansfield
3155:Dalhousie
3130:Champagné
2869:(renamed
1413:The Times
1360:The Times
1345:The Times
1147:8 October
958:Dehra Dun
884:Exchequer
808:, Percy,
477:Aldershot
315:Manor in
114:1884–1925
66:, England
3333:Chetwode
3328:Birdwood
3288:Lockhart
3165:Bentinck
3041:Extinct
2833:New post
2782:New post
2685:held at
2638:(1999).
2609:(2008).
1697:Atwood.
1664:Atwood.
1649:Atwood.
1634:Atwood.
1604:Atwood.
1170:Peerage.
853:and the
748:Le Hamel
712:George V
644:Fricourt
613:Thiepval
609:Pozières
514:IV Corps
435:despatch
389:Omdurman
167:IV Corps
143:Commands
99:Service/
3353:Hartley
3338:Cassels
3273:Roberts
3268:Stewart
3180:Nicolls
2998:Baronet
2676:of the
2672:in the
2213:. 1925.
1040:British
1035:Honours
985:cricket
949:Montagu
888:peerage
684:general
572:general
415:colonel
381:captain
355:in the
235:General
123:General
3358:Wavell
3348:Wavell
3303:Creagh
3293:Palmer
3283:Nairne
3263:Haines
3258:Napier
3190:Napier
3170:Watson
3160:Barnes
3150:Cotton
3135:Nugent
3125:Hewett
3115:Simcoe
2646:
2617:
2599:
2574:
2552:
2537:
2255:
2148:
2123:
1587:
1544:
1208:
1153:
1009:Dorset
989:Assaye
939:Gandhi
855:Sambre
752:Amiens
650:, the
401:brevet
317:Dorset
293:Amiens
207:Awards
101:branch
64:Dorset
3323:Jacob
3313:Monro
3278:White
3243:Clyde
3210:Clyde
3205:Grant
3200:Anson
3185:Gough
3145:Paget
3140:Moira
3095:Craig
2092:, in
1059:Other
1005:Trent
977:Delhi
971:Death
851:Selle
710:King
580:Somme
530:Ypres
397:major
393:Sudan
365:Burma
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