3946:
1899:
139:
2630:
1154:(1934/1971), proposed that in earliest Christianity, orthodoxy and heresy did not stand in relation to one another as primary to secondary, but in many regions heresy was the original manifestation of Christianity. Bauer reassessed as a historian the overwhelmingly dominant view that for the period of Christian origins, ecclesiastical doctrine already represented what is primary, while heresies, on the other hand somehow are a deviation from the genuine (Bauer, "Introduction").
4223:
2616:
993:
24:
5933:
1441:. Irenaeus' opponents, however, claimed to have received secret teachings from Jesus via other apostles which were not publicly known. Gnosticism is predicated on the existence of such hidden knowledge, but brief references to private teachings of Jesus have also survived in the canonic Scripture as did warning by the Christ that there would be
2449:, a 1520 papal bull that listed his anti-heretic killing sympathies along with 40 other positions Luther had taken in his writings that were allegedly heretical, and which he was ordered to recant. When Luther failed to accept the bull and give a broad recantation of his writings, he was excommunicated in the subsequent 1521 papal bull
2542:, "the rejection of external spiritual direction as no longer necessary, the extolling of natural over supernatural virtues, the preference of active over passive virtues, the rejection of religious vows as not compatible with Christian liberty, and the adoption of a new method of apologetics and approach to non-Catholics."
2758:
300 bishops, as well as
Constantine I, were present at the Council. Constantine had invited all 1800 bishops of the Christian church (about 1000 in the east and 800 in the west). The number of participating bishops cannot be accurately stated; Socrates Scholasticus and Epiphanius of Salamis counted
2970:
that
Christianity was a diverse phenomenon from the beginning, that 'varieties of Christianity' arose around the Mediterranean, and that in some places what would later be called 'heretical' was initially normative Although some of Bauer's reconstructions are inaccurate and have been dropped, the
2442:
Among the positions in violation of the views of the
Catholic Church that Luther had taken when he was a Catholic priest were, "Haereticos comburi est contra voluntatem Spiritus" (It is contrary to the Spirit to burn heretics). This phrase was the name given to summarized version of his comments
1912:
From the late 11th century onward, heresy once again came to be a concern for
Catholic authorities, as reports became increasingly common. The reasons for this are still not fully understood, but the causes for this new period of heresy include popular response to the 11th-century clerical reform
3413:
Brown, Steart J.; Brown, Stewart J.; Brown, Stewart Jay; Tackett, Timothy; Bowie, K. Scott; Young, Frances
Margaret; Mitchell, Margaret Mary; Casiday, Augustine; Norris, Frederick W.; Angold, Michael; Noble, Thomas F. X.; Baranowski, Roberta A.; Smith, Julia M. H.; Rubin, Miri; Hsia, R. Po-chia;
1658:
is that of
Ephesus, a stronghold of Cyrillian Christianity, in 431. It was presided over by the Patriarch of Alexandria, with 250 bishops and was mired in controversy because of the absences of the Patriarchs of Constantinople and Antioch, the absence of the Syrian Clergy, and violence directed
1173:, they argue that early Christianity was fragmented, and with contemporaneous competing orthodoxies. Ehrman's view is that while the specifics of Bauer's demonstration were later rejected, his intuitions are broadly accepted by scholars and were confirmed beyond what Bauer might have guessed.
1056:
in the definition of orthodox beliefs, since heresy is always defined in relation to orthodoxy. Orthodoxy has been in the process of self-definition for centuries, defining itself in terms of its faith by clarifying beliefs in opposition to people or doctrines that are perceived as incorrect.
2362:, an official body charged with the suppression of heresy. This began as an extension and more rigorous enforcement of pre-existing episcopal powers (possessed, but little used, by bishops in the early Middle Ages) to inquire about and suppress heresy, but later became the domain of selected
1643:, formulated at this Council of Nicaea (AD 325), addresses some aspect that had been under passionate discussion prior to Constantine I. Nevertheless, Arianism dominated most of the church for the greater part of the 4th century, often with the aid of Roman emperors who favoured them.
1526:
held that the
Threefold God transformed himself into a single hypostasis in order to unite with the souls of the perfect. They were anti-clerical and rejected baptism and the sacraments, believing that the passions could be overcome and perfection achieved through prayer.
1538:
held that Jesus' humanity was merely an illusion, thus denying the incarnation. Others held that both the material and spiritual worlds were created by God and were therefore both good, and that this was represented in the unified divine and human natures of Christ.
1073:, a Latin transliteration of the Greek word αጔÏΔÏÎčÏ originally meaning choosing, choice, course of action, or in an extended sense a sect or school of thought, which by the first century came to denote warring factions and the party spirit. The word appears in the
1929:. The question of how heresy should be suppressed was not resolved, and there was initially substantial clerical resistance to the use of physical force by secular authorities to correct spiritual deviance. As heresy was viewed with increasing concern by the
1650:
was held at
Constantinople in 381, presided over by the Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch, with 150 bishops, defining the nature of the Holy Spirit against those asserting His inequality with the other persons of the Trinity. This council also condemned
1117:, apostasy being nearly always total abandonment of the Christian faith after it has been freely accepted, and schism being a formal and deliberate breach of Christian unity and an offense against charity without being based essentially on doctrine.
1688:
is that of
Chalcedon in 451, with the Patriarch of Constantinople presiding over 500 bishops. This council affirmed that Jesus has two natures, is truly God and truly man, distinct yet always in perfect union. This was based largely on
1584:. One of the outcomes of this blurring of Church and State was a sharing of State powers of legal enforcement between Church and State authorities, with the state enforcing what it determined to be orthodox teaching.
3945:
2014:
was achieved through a virtuous life of abandoning the world, restraining the appetites of the flesh, earning food by the labor of hands, doing no injury to anyone, and extending charity to everyone of their own
1580:" of Theodosius I. Prior to the issuance of this edict, the Church had no state-sponsored support for any particular legal mechanism to counter what it perceived as 'heresy'. By this edict, in some senses, the
1494:. Arianism was condemned at the Council of Nicea (325), but nevertheless dominated most of the church for the greater part of the 4th century, often with the aid of Roman emperors who favoured them.
5288:
3072:
2235:. The Apostolic Brethren rejected the worldliness of the church and sought a life of perfect sanctity, in complete poverty, with no fixed domicile, no care for the morrow, and no vows.
3680:
1711:
is the second of
Constantinople in 553, interpreting the decrees of Chalcedon and further explaining the relationship of the two natures of Jesus; it also condemned the teachings of
2439:âas a heresy. Traditional Lutheranism, espoused by Luther himself, teaches that after justification, "the Law of God continued to guide people in how they were to live before God".
2484:, the founder of the Methodist tradition, harshly criticized antinomianism, considering it the "worst of all heresies". He taught that Christian believers are bound to follow the
1180:, responding to Bauer's thesis in 1954, "what became official orthodoxy was taught early on by the majority of church teachers, albeit not in fully developed form." According to
4996:
1433:, and that the identity of the apostles, their successors, and the teachings of the same were all well-known public knowledge. This was therefore an early argument supported by
2659:
1404:, which was convoked by the Emperor Constantine at Nicaea in 325, in response to further disruptive polemical controversy within the Christian community, in that case
1760:
has convened numerous other councils which it deems as having the same authority, making a total of twenty-one Ecumenical Councils recognised by the Catholic Church.
5641:
4790:
2408:, belief of an unlimited universe with innumerable inhabited worlds, opinions contrary to the Catholic faith about the Trinity, divinity of Christ, and Incarnation.
1559:
306:
1546:
teaching, as it developed in response to these interpretations, is that Christ was fully divine and at the same time fully human, and that the three persons of the
1021:
5854:
3673:
1378:
1355:, and there was no true mechanism in place to resolve the various differences of beliefs. Heresy was to be approached by the leader of the church according to
1083:, and was appropriated by the Church to mean a sect or division that threatened the unity of Christians. Heresy eventually became regarded as a departure from
2301:
powers (even though he was not ordained), that submission to his direction was necessary for attaining spiritual perfection, and that his followers could not
2579:
2037:
trapped within the physical creation of an evil god. Through living a pure and sinless life, the soul could become perfect and free from the snare of matter.
1954:
1788:
1243:
1219:
4260:
3666:
1784:
1722:
is the third of Constantinople in 681; it declared that Christ has two wills of his two natures, human and divine, contrary to the teachings of the
1606:(435) provided severe punishments for those who had or spread writings of Nestorius. Those who possessed writings of Arius were sentenced to death.
1844:
In addition to these councils there have been a number of significant councils meant to further define the Eastern Orthodox position. They are the
1807:
1889:
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4753:
1885:
4565:
5273:
1853:
1445:
or false teachers. Irenaeus' opponents also claimed that the wellsprings of divine inspiration were not dried up, which is the doctrine of
5737:
3206:
Magical Practice in the Latin West: Papers from the International Conference Held at the University of Zaragoza, 30 Sept. â 1st Oct. 2005
1014:
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4414:
1462:
4616:
1105:
Heresy is used today to denote the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith as defined by one or more of the
88:
3490:
5782:
5732:
5039:
4652:
2156:
1671:, and it anathematized Nestorius. A mirror Council held by Nestorius (Patriarch of Antioch) and the Syrian clergy affirmed Mary as
1581:
1568:
in AD 313 that the various beliefs of the proto-orthodox Church began to be made uniform and formulated as dogma, through the
1534:, maintaining that reality was composed into two radically opposing parts: matter, usually seen as evil, and spirit, seen as good.
60:
5044:
3693:
1437:. Irenaeus first established the doctrine of four gospels and no more, with the synoptic gospels interpreted in the light of the
41:
2749:
According to Gregory & Tuckett, Bock "is not an expert on the Christian Apocrypha, and his shortcomings are often apparent."
5889:
5757:
5001:
4909:
4640:
4560:
4508:
4306:
2142:
1007:
380:
279:
3622:"Arabia Haeresium Ferax (Arabia Bearer of Heresies): Schismatic Christianity's Potential Influence on Muhammad and the Qur'an"
2864:
138:
67:
6333:
4518:
4253:
3652:
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responded to Pope Leo XIII that no educated Catholic Christian in the United States subscribed to these condemned doctrines.
1352:
1201:
1137:
160:
5295:
4155:
284:
5490:
3920:
2875:
1184:, a Christian apologist, Bauer's theory does not show an equality between the established church and outsiders including
2492:. Methodist Christians thus teach the necessity of following the moral law as contained in the Ten Commandments, citing
74:
5088:
4991:
3610:
3448:
3423:
3362:
3334:
3273:
1996:
who sought a return to the spirituality of the early Christians and opposed established forms of government and church.
960:
5727:
3589:
3562:
3025:
2995:
2933:
2669:
2370:
under the direct power of the Pope. The use of torture to extract confessions was authorized by Innocent IV in 1252.
2298:
2186:
2120:
1957:
and individuals throughout the Middle Ages whose teachings were deemed heretical by the established church, such as:
1821:
Some Eastern Orthodox consider the following council to be ecumenical, although this is not universally agreed upon:
107:
3621:
5505:
5404:
4863:
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4381:
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4361:
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4346:
4341:
4246:
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2594:), that only by faith alone can anyone ever accept the grace of salvation and not by following God's commandments (
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1708:
902:
679:
217:
56:
6355:
6305:
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2280:
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972:
367:
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5904:
5872:
5699:
5618:
5049:
4819:
4735:
4626:
3658:
1845:
1632:
1458:
1188:. According to Mitchell et al., each early Christian community was unique, but the tenets of the mainstream or
45:
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5305:
5103:
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held that Jesus, while not merely mortal, was not eternally divine and was, therefore, of lesser status than
128:
2584:
Some of the doctrines of Protestantism that the Catholic Church considers heretical are the belief that the
1222:
with strong unifying characteristics lacking in the apostolic period. They had different interpretations of
6088:
5083:
2644:
2530:
1146:, and the relationship between the early Church and early heretical groups is a matter of academic debate.
691:
1872:
Some individual examples of the execution of Eastern Orthodox heretics do exist, such as the execution of
5447:
5093:
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4961:
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The Pattern of Christian Truth: A Study in the Relations between Orthodoxy and Heresy in the Early Church
2654:
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1904:
1879:
1764:
1587:
Within five years of the official criminalization of heresy by the emperor, the first Christian heretic,
1523:
1305:
1251:
478:
202:
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in nature, concerning the interpretation of Jesus' (eternal) divinity and humanity. In the 4th century,
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5098:
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4770:
1582:
line between the Christian Church's spiritual authority and the Roman State's jurisdiction was blurred
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2190:
2011:
1983:
1865:
1849:
1511:
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1315:
861:
684:
530:
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The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 7, Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660â1815
81:
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274:
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was convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine at Nicaea in 325 and presided over by the Patriarch
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1382:(c. 180, in five volumes), written in Lyon after his return from a visit to Rome. The letters of
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344:
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34:
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Bock, Darrell L. The Missing Gospels: Unearthing the Truth Behind Alternative Christianities /
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832:
716:
291:
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were convened between 325 and 787. These were mostly concerned with Christological disputes:
1577:
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1323:
1042:
979:
856:
822:
802:
738:
301:
269:
224:
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TĂŒbingen 1934 (a second edition, edited by Georg Strecker, TĂŒbingen 1964, was translated as
1968:
group (6th to 9th centuries) who sought a return to the purity of the church at the time of
726:
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idea that Christianity was originally a diverse phenomenon has now been generally accepted.
2588:
is the only supremely authoritative source and rule of faith and practice in Christianity (
2539:
2386:
2358:
At the beginning of the 13th century, the Catholic Church instituted the papal or monastic
2332:
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1576:. The first known usage of the term 'heresy' in a civil legal context was in 380 by the "
1531:
1392:
1383:
997:
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871:
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589:
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1265:) â reliance on revealed knowledge from an unknowable God, a distinct divinity from the
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through the 13th to 15th centuries who regarded the wealth of the Church as scandalous.
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785:
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333:
197:
155:
4858:
1880:
High Middle Ages (800â1299) and Late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance (1300â1520)
1745:
while forbidding their worship. It is often referred to as "The Triumph of Orthodoxy".
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Heresy in the Catholic Church § Modern Roman Catholic response to Protestantism
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against Nestorius and his supporters. It affirmed that Mary is the "Bearer" of God (
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A Tale of Five Cities: A History of the Five Patriarchal Cities of the Early Church
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2224:
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1969:
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Who Do You Call a Heretic? Fluid Notions of Orthodoxy and Heresy in Late Antiquity
2293:
leader who, after a spiritual experience, taught that he had the authority to use
2159:. Initially approved by the church, they were suppressed for disobedience in 1571.
1861:
1396:
accepted by many Christians as part of Scripture in the 2nd century, warned about
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heretical nature of some beliefs was a matter of much debate within the churches
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The last case of an execution by the inquisition was that of the schoolmaster
2116:
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were 12th century followers of Henry of Lausanne in France. They rejected the
1829:
was actually a series of councils held between 1341 and 1351. It affirmed the
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3491:"Daily TWiP â The Spanish Inquisition executes its last victim today in 1826"
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2684:
2535:
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2155:â a 12th-century group from northern Italy who embraced poverty, charity and
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1442:
1288:
1158:
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was the way to spiritual perfection and rejected what they perceived as the
1425:) was the first to argue that his orthodox position was the same faith that
1192:
Church insured that each early Christian community did not remain isolated.
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Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew
3017:
Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew
2629:
1961:
1937:
was used more frequently and freely during the 12th century and afterward.
1803:
1723:
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1639:
that the Son is a created being inferior to the Father. Each phrase in the
1452:
1181:
1147:
933:
375:
338:
249:
4238:
3555:
Catholicism and Fundamentalism: The Attack on Romanism by Bible Christians
2435:âthe belief that Christians were free from the moral law contained in the
6268:
6205:
6172:
5975:
5924:
5417:
5278:
5249:
5190:
5165:
5160:
5024:
4939:
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4814:
4523:
4185:
4125:
4115:
4095:
4085:
4052:
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3903:
3893:
3789:
3725:
3710:
2481:
2475:
2459:
2394:
2367:
2359:
2242:
2228:
2126:
1975:
1934:
1830:
1588:
1507:
1503:
1479:
1473:
1311:
1227:
1185:
1170:
1165:
have built on Bauer's original thesis. Drawing upon distinctions between
827:
797:
775:
634:
579:
542:
517:
239:
165:
6048:
2496:
teaching, "If ye love me, keep my commandments" (cf. Saint John 14:15).
2400:
The last person to be burned alive at the stake on orders from Rome was
2043:â a 12th-century group, inspired by the example of controversial figure
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Gilley, Sheridan; Simons, Walter; McLeod, Hugh; Stanley, Brian (2006).
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1989:
1738:
1690:
1621:
Seven councils considered by main Christian denominations as ecumenical
1369:
1301:
1272:
1258:
1088:
564:
363:
244:
185:
180:
4190:
3117:
The Cambridge History of Christianity Volume 1: Origins to Constantine
1564:
It was only after the legalisation of Christianity, which began under
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5792:
5742:
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5663:
5437:
5422:
5150:
5140:
4843:
4829:
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4180:
4160:
4120:
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4090:
4047:
4037:
4032:
4007:
3977:
3883:
3804:
3774:
3742:
2949:
2848:
2596:
2500:
2389:. Another example of a medieval movement condemend as heretic is the
2345:â a 15th-century Czech movement, following the teachings of reformer
2276:
2252:
2220:
2152:
2064:
2022:
2018:
1922:
1857:
1811:
1780:
1668:
1662:
1543:
1397:
1294:
1143:
1084:
1049:
807:
599:
254:
190:
3311:
Corpus Documentorum Inquisitionis Haereticae Pravitatis Neerlandicae
3227:
3225:
1890:
Medieval history of Christianity § Late Middle Ages (1300â1499)
1048:
The study of heresy requires an understanding of the development of
23:
6197:
6071:
5636:
5515:
5155:
4934:
4848:
4594:
4584:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4222:
4027:
4012:
3779:
3752:
3747:
3720:
3636:
3265:
2674:
2522:
2404:, executed in 1600 for a collection of heretical beliefs including
2342:
2316:
2260:
2052:
1999:
1993:
1886:
Medieval history of Christianity § High Middle Ages (800â1300)
1591:, was executed in 385 by Roman officials. For some years after the
1535:
1515:
1487:
1405:
1356:
1333:
1298:
1266:
1038:
175:
170:
3262:
Shaping North America: From Exploration to the American Revolution
2573:
6276:
5673:
5603:
5263:
5227:
3809:
3222:
2740:
36 as espousing the traditional theory of the relation of heresy.
2615:
2390:
2382:
2346:
2328:
2256:
2251:â a term applied in the 13th to 15th century to those, including
2178:
2170:
2112:
2060:
2029:
from the 12th to 14th centuries. The Cathars believed that human
1982:
group (9th to 11th centuries) who advocated the abolition of the
1979:
1965:
1873:
1547:
1231:
992:
629:
229:
3083:
3081:
2165:â a term applied in the 13th century to those, primarily in the
1599:
were also known to execute those whom they considered heretics.
5958:
4689:
4609:
4476:
3381:
John Wesley the Methodist: A Plain Account of His Life and Work
2721:
2512:
2294:
2232:
2223:) â a 13th to 14th century sect from northern Italy founded by
2198:
2174:
2134:
2074:
2026:
2007:
1930:
1712:
1284:
473:
2073:
were 12th century followers of Peter of Bruys in southeastern
1749:
Not all of these Councils have been universally recognised as
1210:(2ndâ3rd century) saw the rise of a great number of Christian
5237:
3187:
3078:
2600:), and that the only Christian priesthood can be a universal
2585:
2559:
2290:
2182:
2034:
2003:
1918:
1914:
1672:
1660:
1636:
1483:
1426:
1280:
1247:
1223:
1053:
2791:
Paternoster Press/ Zondervan, Exeter/Grand Rapids 1974, art
2521:, which propagated Jansenist beliefs, was repudiated by the
2411:
1478:
The earliest controversies in Late Antiquity were generally
1400:, as did other writers, leading to decisions reached in the
1169:, Gentile Christians, and other groups such as Gnostics and
1120:
3204:. In Richard Lindsay Gordon; Francisco Marco SimĂłn (eds.).
2660:
List of movements declared heretical by the Catholic Church
2310:
2264:
2194:
2130:
2030:
1950:
1946:
1742:
1390:
to various churches warned against false teachers, and the
1239:
1235:
1215:
1211:
1079:
2515:
were particularly strong opponents of Jansenism. The text
2423:, who played an instrumental part in the formation of the
1925:
activity, and more rigorous definition and supervision of
1336:â Jesus was pure spirit and his physical form an illusion.
1560:
History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance
1368:
Early attacks upon alleged heresies formed the matter of
3137:
A History of Heresy in Ancient and Medieval Christianity
2789:
The New International Dictionary of the Christian Church
2305:
even though they committed crimes or disobeyed both the
1453:
Late Antiquity (313â476) and Early Middle Ages (476â799)
1041:
of the Christian faith as defined by one or more of the
1908:
depicts the Holy Ghost supplying the book burning fire.
1737:
in 787, known as the second of Nicaea. It supports the
5855:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
3412:
3348:
3346:
1376:(in 44 chapters, written from Rome), and of Irenaeus'
1091:
was already in Christian use soon after the year 100.
3690:
Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church
2705:
RechtglÀubigkeit und Ketzerei im Àltesten Christentum
3541:
Gregory, Andrew; Tuckett, Christopher, eds. (2015).
2611:
2263:, who wished to return to the purity of the life of
3343:
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3402:. Vol. 12. R. Abercrombie. 1849. p. 368.
3255:
3253:
3353:Yrigoyen, Charles Jr.; Warrick, Susan E. (2013).
2197:could be perfected through imitating the life of
6347:
3543:The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Apocrypha
3151:(New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004) p. 58
2385:. It is linked to the movement now known as the
1553:
3352:
3250:
3160:
2574:Modern Roman Catholic response to Protestantism
2129:â a movement that began in the 12th century in
1635:, with over 300 bishops condemning the view of
3540:
3462:
3460:
3087:
3040:
2783:
2781:
2549:
1121:Early Christianity (1st century â c. 325)
6327:
4254:
3674:
3406:
2926:Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity
2804:
2802:
2800:
2709:Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity
1152:Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity
1142:The development of doctrine, the position of
1037:denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core
1015:
3154:
3119:, Series: Cambridge History of Christianity
1269:who created and oversees the material world.
4268:
3457:
3432:
3418:. Cambridge University Press. p. 307.
3400:The Wesleyan Methodist Association Magazine
3259:
2955:Irenaeus of Lyons: Identifying Christianity
2778:
1783:). The Fourth Council of Constantinople of
1131:
6334:
6320:
4261:
4247:
3681:
3667:
3602:Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church
3441:Gerard Van Swieten and His World 1700â1772
3318:
3167:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 138.
3034:
2797:
2201:, and that the perfected soul was free of
2002:â an itinerant 11th century preacher near
1463:History of Christianity of the Middle Ages
1022:
1008:
3443:. Springer Science & Business Media.
3371:
3307:
2902:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
2810:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
2412:Reformation and Modern Era (1520âpresent)
2137:, and still exists today. They held that
1992:â a group arising in the 11th century in
1408:disputes over the nature of the Trinity.
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
3469:"Ask A Franciscan: What is Americanism?"
3467:Heffron, Christopher (14 October 2011).
3047:. Oxford University Press. p. 176.
1897:
1677:, "Bearer" of Christ, and anathematized
744:Postliberal • Narrative
5679:Fostering of early experimental science
3598:
3577:
3552:
3466:
3438:
3288:
3260:Seelye, James E.; Selby, Shawn (2018).
1510:were all strictly one being with three
6348:
5783:Fundamentalist â Modernist controversy
3513:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Protestantism"
3324:
3188:MarĂa Victoria Escribano Paño (2010).
3181:
3071:, Wipf and Stock Publishers, from the
3010:
2982:
2881:
1715:on the pre-existence of the soul, etc.
1609:
613:From the Reformation to the World Wars
4242:
3662:
3619:
3581:Encyclopedia of Heresies and Heretics
3377:
3329:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 87.
3294:Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther
2923:
2919:
2917:
2680:Diversity in early Christian theology
2283:and individual ownership of property.
2081:and of the Catholic Church, opposing
1986:along with all its traditional rites.
1866:Pan-Orthodox Synod of Jerusalem, 1672
1700:and would be influential in refuting
1202:Diversity in early Christian theology
1138:Diversity in early Christian theology
161:Diversity in early Christian theology
4156:Community of the Lady of All Nations
3584:. New York: Barnes and Noble Books.
3190:"Chapter Three. Heretical texts and
3147:R. Gerberding and J. H. Moran Cruz,
2948:
2759:318; Eusebius of Caesarea, only 250.
2021:â a major Christian movement in the
1940:
1733:was called under the Empress Regent
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
3233:"Catholic Encyclopedia Inquisition"
13:
3571:
3355:Historical Dictionary of Methodism
2914:
2325:translating the Bible into English
2271:, practicing social and religious
2107:and disciplinary authority of the
2077:who rejected the authority of the
1340:
1246:with different interpretations of
14:
6377:
3620:Slade, Darren M. (January 2014).
3557:, San Francisco: Ignatius Press,
2867:The Formation of the Early Church
2670:List of people burned as heretics
2055:who criticized the wealth of the
5931:
4221:
3944:
2628:
2614:
2319:â the 14th century followers of
2111:, did not recognize any form of
1846:Synods of Constantinople in 1484
1767:accepts only the first two, and
1667:), contrary to the teachings of
1398:mixing Judaism with Christianity
1109:. It is distinguished from both
991:
903:Indigenous church mission theory
218:Template:History of Christianity
137:
22:
3505:
3483:
3392:
3357:. Scarecrow Press. p. 30.
3301:
3282:
3141:
3130:
3109:
3093:
3061:
3004:
2976:
2942:
2752:
2743:
2714:
2503:, which taught the doctrine of
1921:, exclusion of lay people from
1902:This 1711 illustration for the
1827:Fifth Council of Constantinople
1791:is disputed by Catholicism and
1616:First seven Ecumenical Councils
33:needs additional citations for
5642:Separation of church and state
5311:Formal and material principles
5296:Separation of church and state
2900:Cross & Livingstone (eds)
2894:
2891:Mercer Press 1963, sect. 201ff
2858:
2842:
2836:, Definition of ancient Greek
2827:
2818:
2808:Cross & Livingstone (eds)
2698:
2566:and hanged on 26 July 1826 in
2353:
1837:and condemned the philosopher
1467:
1459:Christianity in late antiquity
1:
5306:Hymnody of continental Europe
4457:Apostles in the New Testament
3384:. Eaton & Mains. p.
3378:Hurst, John Fletcher (1903).
2766:
2534:, issued on 22 January 1899,
2335:, and denied the doctrine of
2241:(or Spiritual Franciscans) â
1894:Heresy in the Catholic Church
1818:, reject all seven Councils.
1554:Legal suppression of heresies
1550:are co-equal and co-eternal.
1419:
1412:
1374:Prescription Against Heretics
1283:was a different God from the
1094:
3643:Latinovic, Vladimir (2020).
3629:American Theological Inquiry
2958:. OUP Oxford. pp. 5â6.
2771:
2645:Catholic teachings on heresy
2531:Testem benevolentiae nostrae
2377:(1209â1229) was part of the
1673:
1661:
1195:
1060:
7:
4754:Eastern Orthodox opposition
3296:. Abingdon-Cokesbury Press.
3208:. Brill. pp. 135â136.
2655:Infallibility of the Church
2607:
2602:priesthood of all believers
2550:Last execution of a heretic
2397:in the early 15th century.
2163:Brethren of the Free Spirit
1905:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
1765:Assyrian Church of the East
917:in the broader movement of
203:Proto-orthodox Christianity
10:
6382:
4771:Art patronage of Julius II
4228:Catholic Church portal
3635:(1): 43â53. Archived from
3545:. Oxford University Press.
3533:
3439:Brechka, Frank T. (2012).
3088:Gregory & Tuckett 2015
2889:Handbook of Moral Theology
2720:Bauer (1964:3f) instanced
2577:
1945:There were many Christian
1883:
1731:Seventh Ecumenical Council
1613:
1557:
1471:
1456:
1344:
1199:
1135:
1124:
1098:
5863:
5698:
5617:
5546:
5481:
5403:
5334:
5274:CalvinistâArminian debate
5248:
5015:
4898:
4734:
4625:
4507:
4405:
4294:
4276:
4216:
4141:
4061:
3953:
3942:
3701:
3578:Clifton, Chas S. (1992).
3115:Frances M. Young (2006),
2824:Oxford English Dictionary
1686:Fourth Ecumenical Council
1648:Second Ecumenical Council
1318:, but was adopted at his
1314:â Jesus was not born the
862:Conservative Christianity
307:Persecution and tolerance
6167:Christological doctrines
5763:Christian existentialism
3325:Wilson, Kenneth (2011).
3308:Fredericq, Paul (1900).
3161:Jay E. Thompson (2009).
3067:H. E. W. Turner (2004),
2726:Commentarius II in Cant.
2691:
2570:after a two-year trial.
2452:Decet Romanum Pontificem
2381:'s efforts to crush the
2185:, who believed that the
2051:1090 â June 1155), from
1720:Sixth Ecumenical Council
1709:Fifth Ecumenical Council
1656:Third Ecumenical Council
1629:First Ecumenical Council
1597:Protestant denominations
1402:first ecumenical council
1351:Before AD 313, the
1132:Development of orthodoxy
1077:, usually translated as
852:Progressive Christianity
665:Fundamental/foundational
275:Theological hermeneutics
57:"Heresy in Christianity"
4270:History of Christianity
3314:(in Latin). p. 27.
3041:Bart D. Ehrman (2005).
2865:Jostein Ă
dna (editor),
2650:History of Christianity
1633:Alexander of Alexandria
998:Christianity portal
442:Post-Nicene development
213:History of Christianity
123:Part of a series on the
6356:Heresy in Christianity
6013:Communicatio idiomatum
5831:Fourth Great Awakening
5718:Second Great Awakening
4957:Fall of Constantinople
4749:Development of primacy
3599:Edwards, Mark (2009).
3553:Keating, Karl (1990),
2924:Bauer, Walter (1971).
2544:Cardinal James Gibbons
2507:, was regarded by the
2443:that were included in
1909:
1593:Protestant Reformation
1230:and the nature of the
1035:Heresy in Christianity
749:Continental philosophy
292:Philosophical theology
6361:Christian terminology
5826:Reformed epistemology
5768:Third Great Awakening
5738:Seventh-day Adventist
5659:First Great Awakening
5532:Book of Common Prayer
5326:Protestant work ethic
4869:Independent Catholics
4820:Monastery dissolution
4203:Positive Christianity
2665:Esoteric Christianity
2538:condemned as heresy,
2499:In the 17th century,
2189:were unnecessary for
2059:and preached against
1917:familiarity with the
1901:
1696:. Thus, it condemned
1578:Edict of Thessalonica
1447:continuing revelation
857:Moderate Christianity
847:extraterrestrial life
302:Christian apologetics
225:Ecclesiastical polity
6306:Lutheran Christology
5649:Edicts of toleration
5458:Three Forms of Unity
5223:Bohemian Reformation
4796:Catholic Reformation
4653:Roman state religion
4472:Council of Jerusalem
3020:. New York: Oxford.
2887:PrĂŒmmer, Dominic M.
2855:in the New Testament
2738:De praescript. haer.
2468:Articles of Religion
2431:and his doctrine of
2387:Medieval Inquisition
2091:prayers for the dead
2033:were the spirits of
1691:Pope Leo the Great's
1435:apostolic succession
1234:. Some of the major
877:Evangelical theology
710:Since the World Wars
650:Restoration Movement
464:Byzantine Iconoclasm
297:Christian philosophy
42:improve this article
6300:Extra calvinisticum
5919:Part of a series on
5821:Liberation theology
5728:Jehovah's Witnesses
5561:Radical Reformation
5289:Resistance theories
5176:Christian mysticism
5171:Early Scholasticism
4883:Ecclesial community
4781:Counter-Reformation
4646:Constantinian shift
4171:Jehovah's Witnesses
4043:Spanish Adoptionism
2988:The Gnostic Gospels
2622:Christianity portal
2564:Spanish Inquisition
2375:Albigensian Crusade
2025:region of southern
1839:Barlaam of Calabria
1816:Jehovah's Witnesses
1679:Cyril of Alexandria
1610:Ecumenical councils
1572:promulgated by the
1393:Epistle of Barnabas
1384:Ignatius of Antioch
1226:, particularly the
1087:, a sense in which
872:Confessing Movement
396:Cappadocian Fathers
312:Historical theology
5895:Oriental Orthodoxy
5538:King James Version
5350:Ninety-five Theses
5146:Apostolic Brethren
4920:Church of the East
4915:Oriental Orthodoxy
4761:Crusading movement
4281:Early Christianity
3738:Antidicomarianites
3471:. Franciscan Media
3327:Methodist Theology
3290:Bainton, Roland H.
3196:Codex Theodosianum
2869:(Mohr Siebeck 2005
2787:J.D Douglas (ed).
2636:Middle Ages portal
2472:Methodist Churches
2464:Anglican Communion
2421:Philip Melanchthon
2337:transubstantiation
2217:Apostolic Brethren
2010:, who taught that
1913:movement, greater
1910:
1769:Oriental Orthodoxy
1388:Polycarp of Smyrna
1250:from those of the
1208:Ante-Nicene period
1127:Early Christianity
1107:Christian churches
1043:Christian churches
728:Nouvelle théologie
722:Situational ethics
680:Catholic Modernism
381:ante-Nicene period
198:Early Christianity
156:Christian theology
131:Christian theology
6344:
6343:
6019:Consubstantiality
5913:
5912:
5890:Eastern Orthodoxy
5758:Finnish Awakening
5713:Holiness movement
5654:Congregationalism
5613:
5612:
5473:Metrical psalters
4910:Eastern Orthodoxy
4854:Neo-Scholasticism
4561:Canon development
4462:Jewish Christians
4236:
4235:
4076:Consubstantiation
3653:978-3-030-53425-7
3517:www.newadvent.org
3215:978-90-04-17904-2
3174:978-1-4982-7447-0
3125:978-0-521-81239-9
3105:978-0-7852-1294-2
3054:978-0-19-518249-1
2965:978-0-19-166781-7
2511:as a heresy; the
2429:Johannes Agricola
2425:Lutheran Churches
2323:. They advocated
2289:â a 14th-century
2287:Nicholas of Basel
2269:living communally
2227:and continued by
2139:Apostolic poverty
2083:clerical celibacy
2045:Arnold of Brescia
1941:Medieval heresies
1808:Latter-day Saints
1793:Eastern Orthodoxy
1779:of 692 (see also
1777:Quinisext Council
1756:In addition, the
1532:dualistic beliefs
1530:Many groups held
1228:divinity of Jesus
1167:Jewish Christians
1157:Scholars such as
1032:
1031:
919:Feminist theology
891:Contextualisation
754:Radical orthodoxy
660:Dogmatic theology
645:Holiness movement
391:Apostolic Fathers
326:Ecumenical Creeds
235:Nontrinitarianism
118:
117:
110:
92:
6373:
6336:
6329:
6322:
6143:Threefold office
6061:Hypostatic union
6007:Active obedience
5953:Christ (Messiah)
5935:
5916:
5915:
5332:
5331:
4719:Non-Chalcedonian
4700:Constantinople I
4492:General epistles
4487:Pauline epistles
4467:Paul the Apostle
4445:Great Commission
4263:
4256:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4226:
4225:
4208:Reincarnationism
3948:
3931:Subordinationism
3916:Pneumatomachians
3847:Melchisedechians
3683:
3676:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3640:
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3389:
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3219:
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3178:
3158:
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3145:
3139:
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3113:
3107:
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3085:
3076:
3065:
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3058:
3038:
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3031:
3008:
3002:
3001:
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2973:
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2885:
2879:
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2856:
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2831:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2806:
2795:
2785:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2730:Sel. in Proverb.
2718:
2712:
2702:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2437:Ten Commandments
2393:movement in the
2225:Gerard Segarelli
2219:(later known as
2213:and secular law.
2050:
1970:Paul the Apostle
1864:, 1642, and the
1833:theology of St.
1676:
1666:
1574:General Councils
1518:, a 4th-century
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1379:Against Heresies
1359:, author of the
1052:and the role of
1024:
1017:
1010:
996:
995:
692:Critical realism
640:Great Awakenings
484:EastâWest Schism
280:African American
141:
120:
119:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
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6380:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6346:
6345:
6340:
6311:
6310:
6293:By denomination
6273:
6247:
6231:
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6113:
6093:
6077:
6054:
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6003:
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5964:
5945:
5944:
5914:
5909:
5859:
5846:Christian right
5748:Oxford Movement
5723:Restorationists
5694:
5609:
5542:
5477:
5428:Presbyterianism
5399:
5379:Book of Concord
5330:
5254:
5252:
5244:
5011:
4901:
4894:
4730:
4629:
4621:
4580:Clement of Rome
4510:
4503:
4407:
4401:
4290:
4272:
4267:
4237:
4232:
4220:
4212:
4137:
4063:Early modernity
4057:
3949:
3940:
3909:Semipelagianism
3899:Patripassianism
3697:
3687:
3624:
3613:
3592:
3574:
3572:Further reading
3565:
3549:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3521:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3411:
3407:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3323:
3319:
3306:
3302:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3258:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3159:
3155:
3149:Medieval Worlds
3146:
3142:
3135:
3131:
3114:
3110:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3012:Ehrman, Bart D.
3009:
3005:
2998:
2981:
2977:
2966:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2922:
2915:
2899:
2895:
2886:
2882:
2876:978-316148561-9
2863:
2859:
2847:
2843:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2807:
2798:
2786:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2719:
2715:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2610:
2582:
2576:
2556:Cayetano Ripoll
2552:
2509:Catholic Church
2414:
2379:Catholic Church
2356:
2205:and beyond all
2147:Catholic Church
2119:and denied the
2057:Catholic Church
2048:
1943:
1933:, however, the
1896:
1884:Main articles:
1882:
1835:Gregory Palamas
1800:nontrinitarians
1758:Catholic Church
1735:Irene of Athens
1618:
1612:
1562:
1556:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1457:Main articles:
1455:
1422:
1415:
1349:
1347:Proto-orthodoxy
1343:
1341:Proto-orthodoxy
1204:
1198:
1178:H. E. W. Turner
1140:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1103:
1101:Excommunication
1097:
1063:
1028:
990:
985:
984:
898:
897:
882:
881:
867:Emerging church
766:Paleo-orthodoxy
712:
711:
702:
701:
615:
614:
605:
604:
574:Book of Concord
521:
520:
509:
508:
444:
443:
434:
433:
417:
371:
370:
355:
354:
343:
329:
328:
317:
316:
151:
150:
130:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
6379:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6269:Homoiousianism
6266:
6260:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6195:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6104:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6068:
6063:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6016:
6009:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5955:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5928:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5843:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5811:Pentecostalism
5808:
5806:Jesus movement
5803:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5629:
5623:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5600:
5597:Martyrs Mirror
5593:
5588:
5583:
5581:Martyrs' Synod
5578:
5573:
5571:Swiss Brethren
5568:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5340:
5338:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5316:Law and Gospel
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4997:Ottoman Empire
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4726:Biblical canon
4723:
4722:
4721:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4637:
4635:
4627:Late antiquity
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4575:Church Fathers
4568:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4515:
4513:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:Indifferentism
4163:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:Bosnian Church
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3936:Valentinianism
3933:
3928:
3923:
3921:Psilanthropism
3918:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3820:Valentinianism
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Priscillianism
3797:
3792:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:Collyridianism
3762:
3761:
3760:
3758:Circumcellions
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3641:
3639:on 2014-02-02.
3617:
3612:978-0754662914
3611:
3596:
3590:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3504:
3493:. 26 July 2010
3482:
3456:
3450:978-9401032230
3449:
3431:
3425:978-0521816052
3424:
3405:
3391:
3370:
3364:978-0810878945
3363:
3342:
3336:978-0567317469
3335:
3317:
3300:
3298:, pp. 145â147.
3281:
3275:978-1440836695
3274:
3268:. p. 50.
3249:
3221:
3214:
3180:
3173:
3153:
3140:
3129:
3108:
3092:
3090:, p. 453.
3077:
3060:
3053:
3033:
3026:
3003:
2996:
2984:Pagels, Elaine
2975:
2964:
2941:
2934:
2913:
2893:
2880:
2857:
2851:, All uses of
2841:
2826:
2817:
2796:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2751:
2742:
2713:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2625:
2609:
2606:
2591:sola scriptura
2578:Main article:
2575:
2572:
2562:by the waning
2551:
2548:
2505:predestination
2490:sanctification
2446:Exsurge Domine
2413:
2410:
2402:Giordano Bruno
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2314:
2284:
2279:and rejecting
2246:
2236:
2214:
2207:ecclesiastical
2160:
2150:
2124:
2098:
2087:infant baptism
2079:Church Fathers
2068:
2038:
2016:
1997:
1987:
1973:
1942:
1939:
1927:Catholic dogma
1881:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1842:
1773:Pope Sergius I
1747:
1746:
1727:
1716:
1705:
1682:
1652:
1644:
1614:Main article:
1611:
1608:
1558:Main article:
1555:
1552:
1500:God the Father
1496:Trinitarianism
1492:God the Father
1480:Christological
1472:Main article:
1469:
1466:
1454:
1451:
1443:false prophets
1439:Gospel of John
1362:Church History
1345:Main article:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1309:
1292:
1270:
1263:Valentinianism
1261:(particularly
1252:Proto-Orthodox
1200:Main article:
1197:
1194:
1133:
1130:
1122:
1119:
1096:
1093:
1062:
1059:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1004:
1001:
1000:
987:
986:
983:
982:
977:
976:
975:
970:
963:
961:Latin American
958:
953:
943:
938:
937:
936:
931:
926:
912:
911:
910:
908:Sino-Christian
899:
889:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
838:
837:
836:
835:
820:
818:Transmodernism
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
789:
788:
778:
773:
771:Reconciliation
768:
763:
758:
757:
756:
746:
741:
736:
724:
719:
713:
709:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
694:
689:
688:
687:
685:Anglo-Catholic
682:
677:
667:
662:
657:
655:Existentialism
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
616:
612:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
570:
562:
561:
560:
553:Evangelicalism
550:
545:
540:
539:
538:
533:
522:
516:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
441:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
421:
415:
410:
409:
408:
406:Desert Mothers
403:
401:Desert Fathers
398:
393:
386:Church Fathers
383:
378:
372:
362:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
347:
341:
336:
330:
324:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
288:
287:
285:Asian American
282:
272:
267:
262:
260:Biblical canon
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
230:Trinitarianism
227:
222:
221:
220:
210:
205:
200:
195:
194:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
158:
152:
148:
147:
146:
143:
142:
134:
133:
125:
124:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6378:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6337:
6332:
6330:
6325:
6323:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6296:
6292:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6264:Homoousionism
6262:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6244:
6243:Monophysitism
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6228:
6227:Monothelitism
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6157:
6156:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6000:
5999:Pre-existence
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5900:Protestantism
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5773:Azusa Revival
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5753:Laestadianism
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5690:Old Lutherans
5687:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5356:Diet of Worms
5354:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5256:Protestantism
5251:
5247:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5007:North America
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4617:Early African
4615:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Justin Martyr
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4420:Life of Jesus
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:Apostolic Age
4404:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4259:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4106:Protestantism
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:Antinomianism
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:Monothelitism
3877:
3875:
3874:Monophysitism
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3857:Monarchianism
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:Macedonianism
3835:
3833:
3832:Luciferianism
3830:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3731:Semi-Arianism
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3591:0-7607-0823-1
3587:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3566:
3564:9780898701777
3560:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3492:
3486:
3470:
3463:
3461:
3452:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3347:
3338:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3312:
3304:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3277:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3254:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3184:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3157:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3056:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3027:0-19-514183-0
3023:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3007:
2999:
2997:0-679-72453-2
2993:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2937:
2935:0-8006-1363-5
2931:
2927:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2890:
2884:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2755:
2746:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2686:
2685:Word of Faith
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2612:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:, accused of
2557:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:Pope Leo XIII
2533:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:antinomianism
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2417:Martin Luther
2409:
2407:
2406:Copernicanism
2403:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2321:John Wycliffe
2318:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2181:and northern
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:Low Countries
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:mortification
2154:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:Petrobrusians
2069:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1862:Synod of IaÈi
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:rejected the
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1702:Monothelitism
1699:
1698:Monophysitism
1695:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1604:Theodosius II
1602:The edict of
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:Constantine I
1561:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1464:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:Old Testament
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1254:church were:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:According to
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1075:New Testament
1072:
1068:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
999:
994:
989:
988:
981:
978:
974:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
944:
942:
939:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
905:
904:
901:
900:
896:
895:Inculturation
892:
886:
885:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
834:
833:Environmental
831:
830:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
761:Neo-orthodoxy
759:
755:
752:
751:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
733:
732:Ressourcement
729:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
706:
705:
698:
695:
693:
690:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
609:
608:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
575:
571:
569:
568:
563:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
527:
526:Martin Luther
524:
523:
519:
513:
512:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
489:Scholasticism
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Monothelitism
457:
455:
454:Monophysitism
452:
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80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: â
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
6298:
6287:Theopaschism
6282:Nestorianism
6251:Miaphysitism
6238:Dyophysitism
6222:Dyothelitism
6211:Monoenergism
6188:Chalcedonism
6183:Eutychianism
6178:Apollinarism
6108:Syncatabasis
6106:
6099:
6089:Intercession
6070:
6047:
6011:
5986:
5957:
5816:Charismatics
5799:
5778:Gospel music
5708:Camp meeting
5700:1789âpresent
5632:Missionaries
5602:
5595:
5586:Menno Simons
5530:
5526:Church music
5377:
5348:
5233:Conciliarism
5218:Papal Schism
5060:Scandinavian
4952:Great Schism
4930:Nestorianism
4902:Christianity
4834:priest holes
4715:Chalcedonian
4678:Christianity
4632:Great Church
4440:Resurrection
4196:Santa Muerte
4186:Narco-saints
4081:Febronianism
3998:Free Spirits
3983:Conciliarism
3926:Sabellianism
3889:Nestorianism
3795:Paulicianism
3716:Apollinarism
3647:. Palgrave.
3637:the original
3632:
3628:
3601:
3580:
3554:
3542:
3520:. Retrieved
3516:
3507:
3495:. Retrieved
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3440:
3434:
3415:
3408:
3399:
3394:
3380:
3373:
3354:
3326:
3320:
3310:
3303:
3293:
3284:
3261:
3240:. Retrieved
3236:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3132:
3116:
3111:
3095:
3073:book-summary
3068:
3063:
3043:
3036:
3016:
3006:
2987:
2978:
2969:
2954:
2944:
2925:
2909:
2905:
2904:, 1974 arts
2901:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2866:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2820:
2813:
2809:
2792:
2788:
2754:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2553:
2529:
2527:
2516:
2498:
2480:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2415:
2399:
2372:
2357:
2275:, embracing
2249:Neo-Adamites
1944:
1911:
1903:
1871:
1856:, 1819, and
1820:
1798:Present-day
1797:
1771:only three.
1762:
1755:
1748:
1724:Monothelites
1693:
1641:Nicene Creed
1619:
1601:
1586:
1569:
1563:
1541:
1529:
1477:
1429:gave to the
1410:
1391:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1350:
1324:resurrection
1297:â relied on
1205:
1182:Darrell Bock
1175:
1156:
1151:
1148:Walter Bauer
1141:
1104:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1047:
1034:
1033:
980:Postcolonial
966:
823:Constructive
803:of religions
739:Death of God
731:
727:
572:
566:
448:
376:Great church
345:Chalcedonian
270:Hermeneutics
265:Deuterocanon
250:Pneumatology
104:
98:January 2009
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
6366:Christology
6206:Dyoenergism
6173:Adoptionism
6032:Humiliation
5994:Incarnation
5976:God the Son
5925:Christology
5905:Catholicism
5842:Protestants
5836:Evangelical
5511:39 Articles
5506:Elizabethan
5483:Anglicanism
5463:Westminster
5373:Melanchthon
5336:Lutheranism
5301:Nicodemites
5279:Arminianism
5250:Reformation
5191:Bonaventure
5166:Inquisition
5161:Waldensians
5111:Investiture
5089:Kievan Rus'
5045:Anglo-Saxon
5025:Pelagianism
5017:Middle Ages
4940:Iconodulism
4815:Thomas More
4736:Catholicism
4658:Monasticism
4641:Constantine
4566:Persecution
4524:Adoptionism
4509:Ante-Nicene
4452:Holy Spirit
4435:Crucifixion
4406:Origins and
4307:2nd and 3rd
4151:Americanism
4126:Lutheranism
4116:Arminianism
4096:Josephinism
4086:Gallicanism
4053:Waldensians
3955:Middle Ages
3904:Pelagianism
3894:Novatianism
3790:Manichaeism
3726:Anomoeanism
3711:Adoptionism
3605:. Ashgate.
2812:, 1974 art
2540:Americanism
2482:John Wesley
2476:Pelagianism
2460:39 Articles
2395:Czech lands
2368:Franciscans
2360:Inquisition
2354:Inquisition
2327:, rejected
2229:Fra Dolcino
2193:, that the
2127:Waldensians
1976:Tondrakians
1935:secular arm
1923:sacramental
1831:hesychastic
1589:Priscillian
1508:Holy Spirit
1504:God the Son
1474:Christology
1468:Christology
1312:Adoptionism
1306:Holy Spirit
1302:revelations
1186:Simon Magus
1171:Marcionites
1069:comes from
973:Palestinian
798:Theopoetics
776:Open theism
635:John Wesley
580:Arminianism
543:John Calvin
518:Reformation
240:Christology
166:Adoptionism
6350:Categories
6277:Homoianism
6130:Perfection
6027:Exaltation
5971:Son of God
5627:Revivalism
5548:Anabaptism
5496:Henry VIII
5321:Literature
4945:Iconoclasm
4925:Chrysostom
4878:Vatican II
4844:Jansenists
4830:Mass rocks
4766:Lateran IV
4685:Athanasius
4605:Tertullian
4549:Marcionism
4544:Gnosticism
4497:Revelation
4415:Background
4111:Anabaptism
4023:Josephines
4018:Impanation
4003:Henricians
3993:Fraticelli
3988:Dulcinians
3968:Bogomilism
3867:Modalistic
3862:Athinganoi
3842:Marcionism
3827:Iconoclasm
3815:Sethianism
3785:Gnosticism
3522:2023-01-25
3242:October 3,
3237:New Advent
3192:maleficium
2950:Behr, John
2767:References
2734:Tertullian
2518:Augustinus
2488:for their
2427:condemned
2364:Dominicans
2333:confession
2243:Franciscan
2239:Fraticelli
2221:Dulcinians
2187:sacraments
2121:sacraments
2041:Arnoldists
1962:Paulicians
1810:and other
1804:Unitarians
1802:, such as
1751:ecumenical
1739:veneration
1674:Christokos
1522:sect from
1520:antinomian
1512:hypostases
1506:, and the
1498:held that
1423: 202
1416: 130
1411:Irenaeus (
1370:Tertullian
1316:Son of God
1273:Marcionism
1259:Gnosticism
1136:See also:
1125:See also:
1099:See also:
1095:Definition
1089:heterodoxy
946:Liberation
786:in Thomism
717:Vatican II
364:Patristics
350:Athanasian
245:Paterology
186:Marcionism
181:Gnosticism
149:Background
129:History of
68:newspapers
6256:Henotikon
6161:Doctrines
6120:Knowledge
6084:Imitation
5793:Ecumenism
5743:Adventism
5733:Mormonism
5669:Millerism
5664:Methodism
5619:1640â1789
5521:Civil War
5468:Orthodoxy
5423:Huguenots
5405:Calvinism
5390:Eucharist
5385:Orthodoxy
5269:Eucharist
5201:Five Ways
5151:Dulcinian
5104:Pomerania
5030:Gregory I
4874:Vatican I
4864:Modernism
4849:Molinists
4839:Guadalupe
4710:Chalcedon
4705:Ephesus I
4695:Augustine
4571:Apostolic
4554:Montanism
4519:Diversity
4295:Centuries
4181:Mormonism
4176:Modernism
4161:Feeneyism
4143:Modernity
4121:Calvinism
4101:Pantheism
4091:Jansenism
4048:Taborites
4038:Pasagians
4033:Migetians
4008:Humiliati
3978:Catharism
3963:Arnoldism
3884:Montanism
3805:Naassenes
3775:Ebionites
3743:Audianism
3703:Antiquity
3202:16.5.34)"
2878:), p. 342
2849:Bible Hub
2772:Citations
2597:sola fide
2501:Jansenism
2486:moral law
2295:episcopal
2277:free love
2259:and some
2253:Taborites
2191:salvation
2153:Humiliati
2105:doctrinal
2101:Henricans
2065:Eucharist
2023:Languedoc
2012:salvation
1955:movements
1876:in 1682.
1781:Pentarchy
1669:Nestorius
1663:Theotokos
1651:Arianism.
1524:Macedonia
1328:ascension
1304:from the
1299:prophetic
1295:Montanism
1248:Scripture
1244:movements
1224:Scripture
1220:movements
1196:Diversity
1150:, in his
1144:orthodoxy
1085:orthodoxy
1065:The word
1061:Etymology
1050:orthodoxy
808:Ecumenism
697:Political
625:Practical
600:Jansenism
536:95 Theses
469:Gregory I
429:Chalcedon
413:Augustine
334:Apostles'
255:Mariology
191:Montanism
6198:Docetism
6148:Redeemer
6072:Prosopon
6049:HomoiĆma
5943:Concepts
5885:Theology
5873:Missions
5868:Timeline
5840:Mainline
5788:Pacifism
5637:Baptists
5556:Theology
5516:Puritans
5491:Timeline
5433:Scotland
5361:Theology
5208:Wycliffe
5156:Crusades
5131:Bogomils
5084:Bulgaria
5040:Germanic
4992:Ethiopia
4890:Timeline
4668:Nicaea I
4663:Councils
4595:Irenaeus
4590:Ignatius
4585:Polycarp
4539:Donatism
4534:Docetism
4529:Arianism
4430:Ministry
4133:Quietism
4028:Lollardy
4013:Hussites
3852:Modalism
3780:Euchites
3753:Donatism
3748:Docetism
3721:Arianism
3292:(1950).
3266:ABC-CLIO
3014:(2003).
2986:(1979).
2952:(2013).
2906:apostasy
2853:haeresis
2838:haeresis
2675:Pelagius
2608:See also
2568:Valencia
2523:Holy See
2474:condemn
2466:and the
2343:Hussites
2317:Lollards
2299:priestly
2281:marriage
2261:Beghards
2143:idolatry
2063:and the
2053:Lombardy
2000:Gundolfo
1994:Bulgaria
1990:Bogomils
1980:Armenian
1966:Armenian
1544:orthodox
1536:Docetism
1516:Euchites
1488:Arianism
1431:apostles
1418: â
1406:Arianist
1357:Eusebius
1334:Docetism
1267:Demiurge
1190:catholic
1111:apostasy
1071:haeresis
1039:doctrine
929:Womanist
915:Feminist
781:Analytic
590:Counter-
558:theology
531:Theology
368:Councils
208:Timeline
176:Docetism
171:Arianism
6101:Kenosis
6043:God-man
5878:Martyrs
5674:Pietism
5604:Ausbund
5576:MĂŒntzer
5501:Cranmer
5448:Baptism
5413:Zwingli
5264:Erasmus
5213:Avignon
5196:Aquinas
5186:Francis
5181:Dominic
5141:Cathars
5136:Bosnian
5126:Bernard
5121:Abelard
5094:Moravia
5079:Bohemia
5065:Iceland
4987:Serbian
4967:Georgia
4962:Armenia
4900:Eastern
4801:Jesuits
4477:Gospels
4425:Baptism
4191:MaximĂłn
3810:Ophites
3770:Dualism
3534:Sources
3194:in the
2513:Jesuits
2470:of the
2462:of the
2391:Hussite
2383:Cathars
2347:Jan Hus
2329:baptism
2257:Picards
2179:Bohemia
2171:Germany
2145:of the
2117:liturgy
2113:worship
2061:baptism
2019:Cathars
1874:Avvakum
1812:Mormons
1789:879â880
1785:869â870
1548:Trinity
1320:baptism
1287:of the
1232:Trinity
967:Minjung
813:Digital
793:Atheism
675:Secular
670:Liberal
630:Pietism
620:Natural
585:English
548:Radical
504:Palamas
494:Aquinas
479:Photios
424:Ephesus
82:scholar
6135:Wisdom
6066:Person
5959:Kyrios
5566:Grebel
5418:Calvin
5344:Luther
5238:Synods
5116:Anselm
5099:Poland
5055:Gothic
5050:Franks
5035:Celtic
5002:Russia
4982:Syriac
4972:Greece
4859:Teresa
4806:Xavier
4744:Papacy
4690:Jerome
4610:Origen
4511:period
4286:Spread
3651:
3609:
3588:
3561:
3497:8 June
3475:6 June
3447:
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3361:
3333:
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3212:
3171:
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2994:
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2932:
2910:schism
2874:
2814:Heresy
2793:Heresy
2728:, and
2722:Origen
2711:1971).
2494:Jesus'
2307:Church
2273:nudity
2233:Novara
2199:Christ
2175:France
2135:France
2109:church
2097:music.
2075:France
2035:angels
2027:France
2015:faith.
2008:France
1984:Church
1931:papacy
1892:, and
1860:, the
1814:, and
1713:Origen
1570:canons
1514:. The
1275:â the
1163:Ehrman
1159:Pagels
1115:schism
1067:heresy
1054:creeds
842:Public
499:Anselm
474:Alcuin
449:Heresy
419:Nicaea
339:Nicene
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
5988:Logos
5800:solae
5798:Five
5591:Smyth
5443:TULIP
5366:Bible
5074:Slavs
4977:Egypt
4935:Icons
4786:Trent
4776:Leo X
4673:Creed
3625:(PDF)
2692:Notes
2586:Bible
2560:deism
2291:Swiss
2211:moral
2183:Italy
2095:organ
2031:souls
2004:Lille
1978:â an
1964:â an
1951:cults
1947:sects
1919:Bible
1743:icons
1637:Arius
1484:Arius
1427:Jesus
1281:Jesus
1240:cults
1236:sects
1216:cults
1212:sects
956:Dalit
951:Black
941:Queer
924:Asian
595:Trent
567:solae
565:Five
89:JSTOR
75:books
6125:Love
5850:left
5848:and
5838:and
5688:and
5686:Neo-
5453:Dort
5438:Knox
5284:Wars
4876:and
4832:and
4825:Wars
4482:Acts
4397:21st
4392:20th
4387:19th
4382:18th
4377:17th
4372:16th
4367:15th
4362:14th
4357:13th
4352:12th
4347:11th
4342:10th
3694:list
3649:ISBN
3607:ISBN
3586:ISBN
3559:ISBN
3499:2013
3477:2019
3445:ISBN
3420:ISBN
3359:ISBN
3331:ISBN
3270:ISBN
3244:2018
3210:ISBN
3200:CTh.
3169:ISBN
3121:ISBN
3101:ISBN
3049:ISBN
3022:ISBN
2992:ISBN
2960:ISBN
2930:ISBN
2872:ISBN
2732:and
2458:The
2419:and
2373:The
2366:and
2331:and
2311:pope
2309:and
2297:and
2265:Adam
2195:soul
2131:Lyon
2093:and
1858:1872
1854:1755
1850:1583
1825:The
1787:and
1763:The
1729:The
1718:The
1707:The
1694:Tome
1684:The
1654:The
1646:The
1627:The
1542:The
1486:and
1461:and
1386:and
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1218:and
1206:The
1161:and
1113:and
1080:sect
893:and
828:Eco-
366:and
61:news
6192:Neo
5395:Art
5253:and
5228:Hus
4791:Art
4337:9th
4332:8th
4327:7th
4322:6th
4317:5th
4312:4th
4302:1st
3386:200
2834:LSJ
2528:In
2303:sin
2267:by
2231:of
2203:sin
2115:or
1915:lay
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1372:'s
1326:or
1285:God
1279:of
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