787:
730:
33:
634:
the Syrian-controlled Beqaa Valley, where they organized training camps. Under the supervision of the
Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), the fighters underwent guerrilla training, and military material was established in the Bekaa Valley in 1982. Iran sent a contingent of Revolutionary Guards to Lebanon, ostensibly to combat the Israeli invaders. Iran provided financial support to the newly-formed Islamist groups, including Hezbollah.
768:
Iran. The bombing is the deadliest terrorist incident in
Argentina. In 2006, Argentine authorities issued an international arrest warrant for Ali Fallahian, the head of Iranian intelligence, accusing him of orchestrating the operation. Subsequently, in 2007, INTERPOL added Ali Fallahian, along with four other Iranian officials and one Hezbollah member, to its most wanted list, citing their purported involvement in the bombing.
1247:
677:
familial routes, Iranian ideology permeated
Lebanon through official channels, with the IRGC in Lebanon providing not only paramilitary and terrorist skills but also political and religious indoctrination. In 1987, the CIA emphasized that while an independent Islamic fundamentalist movement might have emerged in Lebanon, Iranian support significantly accelerated its development.
814:
During a 2007 interview with the
Iranian Arabic-language TV station al-Qawthar, Hezbollah Deputy Secretary-General Naim Kassem stated that the endorsement of the ayatollahs in Tehran is necessary for all suicide bombings and other operations in Lebanon. In 2008, Iran commemorated a recently deceased
767:
On July 18, 1998, in
Islamic Jihad took credit for a blast outside the Argentine-Israeli Mutual Association in Buenos Aires, resulting in 95 fatalities and 200 injuries. In 2004, Argentine intelligence determined that a 21-year-old Hezbollah operative executed the attack with logistical support from
705:
This increased funding is thought to align with Iran's interest in destabilizing the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, according to US intelligence, Hezbollah serves as a key proxy in achieving this objective. The support extends beyond cash funds, with Iranian cargo planes delivering weapons, including
676:
The close connection between the Shi’a religious hierarchy in
Lebanon and Iran is also historical and through familial ties, involving the training of Lebanese clerics in Iran, intermarriage with Iranian clerical families, and the propagation of Iranian theological discourse. Beyond educational and
713:
Iran provides financial and material aid and offers training, establishing training programs and camps. For instance, as of August 2002, Iran was reported to have financed and established terrorist training camps in the Syrian-controlled Beka'a Valley to train
Hezbollah, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic
633:
In July 1982, Iran reacted to the war by deploying 1,500 Islamic
Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) advisers to Lebanon's Bekaa Valley with the aim of establishing and training a new Shiite militia, which later transformed into Hezbollah. The approximately 1,500 Pasdaran set up their headquarters in
794:
Jane's
Defence Weekly, a defense industry magazine, disclosed on August 4, 2006, that during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, Hezbollah formally requested Iran to provide a continuous stream of weapons to bolster its operations against Israel. According to Western diplomatic sources cited in the
709:
Hezbollah has obtained weaponry supplied by Iran, including 11,500 missiles deployed in southern Lebanon. 3,000 Hezbollah militants have undergone training in Iran, covering various skills such as guerrilla warfare, missile and rocket artillery firing, unmanned drone operation, naval warfare, and
801:
has denied supplying Hezbollah with weapons. Multiple reports have consistently pointed to the contrary. Mohtashami Pur, a former ambassador to Lebanon and the current secretary-general of the 'Intifada conference,' stated in an Iranian newspaper that Iran had supplied the missiles to the Shiite
672:
Hezbollah embraced Ayatollah Khomeini's revolutionary message and its clerics committed to establishing a fundamentalist state on a global scale. The early growth of Hezbollah can be attributed to the influence of Iranian-trained clerics and a dedication to Ayatollah Khomeini and the mission of
660:
Iranian embassy officials in Damascus and the IRGC were actively involved in coordinating radical Shi’a activities through the Council of Lebanon, within Lebanon. According to US intelligence, thus solidifying Hezbollah as a significant arm of Iran's military apparatus. Iranian auxiliaries were
737:
Hezbollah has obtained weaponry supplied by Iran, with 11,500 missiles already positioned in southern Lebanon. 3,000 Hezbollah militants have completed training in Iran, covering various aspects such as guerrilla warfare, missile and rocket artillery firing, operation of unmanned drones, naval
652:
In 1983 the CIA reported that Islamic Jihad “more likely is a cover used by Iran for its terrorist operations, whether employing local Shias in Lebanon or locally recruited agents of other nationalities” and that “urrogates provide Iran with an excellent means for creating the illusion that an
741:
Mahmoud Ali Suleiman, the Hezbollah operative captured by the IDF in August 2006 for his involvement in the kidnapping of two Israeli soldiers during a cross-border raid on July 12, confessed during his interrogation to receiving weapons training and religious instruction in Iran. He informed
885:
April 14, 2014: In Southeast Asia, a Hezbollah network involved in a failed truck-bombing targeting the Israeli embassy in Bangkok had close ties to Iranian intelligence agents, indicating the interconnected nature of their operations. These instances highlight the direct contacts each
613:
Hezbollah's forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards from Iran, with permission from the Syrian government. They were allowed to transit through the eastern highlands of Syrian-controlled Lebanon and establish a base in the Bekaa Valley during Lebanon's
637:
In 1985, Hezbollah officially aligned itself with the Iranian regime and Ayatollah Khomeini's leadership. Hezbollah has functioned as Iran's proxy since its inception, and it is estimated that Iran provides substantial financial support, ranging from $ 700 million to $ 1 billion annually.
656:
The use of the Islamic Jihad alias was an attempt to create the illusion of an independent, international organization working against U.S. interests. While initially loosely organized, Iran played a key role in transforming Islamic Jihad into the organized entity known as Hezbollah. The
606:, and its founders chose the name "Hezbollah" as instructed by Khomeini. Lebanese Hezbollah, or the "Party of God," emerged from an Iranian initiative to unite various militant Shi’a groups in Lebanon during a period of domestic and regional instability, particularly the country's
755:
In June 1985, Hezbollah hijacked TWA Flight 847, demanding the release of 700 Shiite Muslims. The hijackers, with logistical support from Iran, engaged in a campaign that included killing a U.S. Navy diver and threatening Jewish passengers. Hezbollah has denied its involvement.
621:
and financial aid, played a significant role in Hezbollah's formation and development. Initially, Hezbollah operated as a network of radical Shia paramilitary groups with shared strategic goals, such as establishing an Islamic republic, but differing on tactical matters.
685:
Hezbollah has sought to present an image of autonomy. The organization's founding statement “to determine our fate by our own hands”. Hezbollah, whilst advocating an Iran-inspired Islamist regime, states that it wishes for the Lebanese to have freedom of determination.
714:
Jihad (PIJ), and PFLP-GC terrorists. Iran has consistently supported Hezbollah's involvement in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, assigning Imad Mughniyeh, Hezbollah's international operations commander, to assist Palestinian militant groups such as Hamas and PIJ.
774:
June 25, 1996: Hezbollah, with Iranian support, claimed responsibility for a truck bombing near Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia, killing 19 and injuring 500. In 2001, a US federal court alleged that an Iranian officer was involved in the directing of the operation.
701:
Iran is believed to provide substantial financial support to Hezbollah, ranging from at least $ 100 million to a potentially higher figure of around $ 200 million annually. In 2020 according to the state department, Hezbollah received US$ 700 million from Iran.
581:
Iran considers its relationship with Hezbollah as crucial, as it provides Iran with a means to expand its influence in the Levant, exert pressure on Israel and US interests, discourage any attempts at regime change, and uphold its ideological commitments.
763:
and the Israeli intelligence found that the highest levels of the Iranian government had authorized the attack. Seven Iranian diplomats were expelled from Argentina after the Argentine government stated they had convincing proof of Iranian involvement.
629:
marked by Israel's invasion of Lebanon some 800 Revolutionary Guards were sent to Lebanon through Syria to help recruit Hezbollahi, provide political and religious indoctrination and military training, including instruction in terrorist tactics.
720:
Iran according to the US indirectly funds al-Manar, contributing to its approximately $ 15 million annual budget, with estimates suggesting Iran provides $ 100–200 million per year to Hezbollah, which is then transferred to the TV station.
578:, and its forces were trained by a contingent of Revolutionary Guards from Iran. Hezbollah officially aligned itself with the Iranian regime in 1985, and the close relationship between Hezbollah and Iran has persisted ever since.
585:
Hezbollah has received substantial financial support from Iran, estimated to range from $ 700 million to $ 1 billion annually. Additionally, Iran provides weapons, training, and other forms of assistance to Hezbollah.
916:
February 9, 2022: Nasrallah said “a strong regional state and any war with it will blow up the entire region”, he denied automatic obedience to Tehran, stating Hezbollah's actions are for Lebanon's sake.
742:
interrogators that he traveled in a civilian car to Damascus and then flew to Iran. Apart from the Russian-made Katyusha, Hezbollah's reported artillery cache consists entirely of Iranian-made weapons.
771:
May 17, 1995: Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei appointed Hezbollah Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah and Shura Council member Mohammad Yazbek as his religious representatives in Lebanon.
759:
On March 27, 1992, Islamic Jihad, a group linked to Hezbollah, claimed responsibility for a suicide bombing outside the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, resulting in 20 deaths and 252 injuries. The US
669:
Iranian influence took shape through shared ideological, cultural, and religious principles derived from the Iranian Revolution and the concept of waliyat al-faqih (guardianship of the jurist).
2710:
2558:
2497:
563:, and training, has played an important role in Hezbollah's formation and development. Hezbollah has functioned as Iran's proxy since its inception, and is considered to be part of the "
919:
October 12, 2023: Iranian Foreign Minister met Nasrallah in Beirut to discuss the war between Hamas and Israel, in the meeting, Hezbollah expressed readiness to respond to Israeli acts.
649:
Despite attempts to maintain separation, evidence, including declassified information, revealed the close relationship between Hezbollah, its Islamic Jihad terrorist wing, and Iran.
2692:
922:
July 10, 2024: Newly elected Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian promises support to Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah and other Islamic resistance and jihadi groups according to
706:
rockets and small arms, to Hezbollah in Lebanon. Material assistance is also channeled through purportedly private charities closely affiliated with Iran's revolutionary elite.
2674:
869:
February 13, 2012: Coordinated bombing attempts in India and Georgia targeted Israeli embassy personnel, with Israel attributing the operations to Tehran and Hezbollah.
2338:
2515:
2582:
2479:
866:
February 7, 2012: Nasrallah acknowledged Iran's comprehensive support for Hezbollah since 1982, rejecting U.S. allegations of money laundering and drug smuggling.
657:
formalization and professionalization of Hezbollah occurred through substantial support from Iran, including money, weaponry, personnel, training, and guidance.
2735:
570:
Hezbollah itself, founded in 1982, originated as an Iranian-backed Shi'ite militant group in Lebanon. The organization's founders adopted the model outlined by
2459:
2825:
906:
September 2019: With the support of Iran, Hezbollah reportedly established a facility in the Bekaa Valley for manufacturing precision-guided missiles.
610:. The organization is considered by some an attempt by Lebanon's historically marginalized Shi’a Muslims to assert economic and political influence
261:
1675:
1650:
1571:"CIA, Report, Lebanons Hizballah ::The Rising Tide of Shia Radicalism, October 1985, Top Secret [codewords not declassified], CREST"
1431:"CIA, Report, Lebanons Hizballah ::The Rising Tide of Shia Radicalism, October 1985, Top Secret [codewords not declassified], CREST"
913:, Hezbollah Secretary General, Hassan Nasrallah pledged to push U.S. forces out of the Middle East to avenge Gen. Qassem Soleimani's killing.
879:
October 11, 2012: Nasrallah confirmed Hezbollah's drone incursion into Israel, boasting of Iran's support in assembling the drone in Lebanon.
246:
196:
2782:
2435:
811:
that "we should consider that what we are facing in Lebanon is not a militia but rather a special forces brigade of the Iranian Army."
1399:"CIA, Memorandum, Iranian Involvement With Terrorism in Lebanon, June 26, 1985, Top Secret [codewords not declassified], CREST"
863:
December 16, 2010: Iran reportedly reduced funding to Hezbollah by 40 percent due to international sanctions over its nuclear program.
838:
May 2008: Hezbollah operatives planned a bomb attack against the Israeli embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan in retaliation of the killing of
2004:"■ Norton, Augustus Richard, 2007. Hezbollah: A Short History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 187 pp. ISBN 9780691131245"
1885:
1827:"U.S. Designates Al-Manar as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Entity Television Station is Arm of Hizballah Terrorist Network"
717:
Iran's financially supports Hezbollah affiliated media, notably the television station al-Manar, called the "station of resistance."
149:
2213:
2049:
2411:
1701:
842:, but Azerbaijani authorities foiled the plot, revealing alleged IRGC-ordered attacks against U.S., Israeli, and Western embassies.
805:
The Israel Defense Forces regard Hezbollah as virtually an arm of the Iranian armed forces; a senior Israeli defence official told
17:
1463:"CIA, Memorandum, Terrorist Groups and Activities in Europe, May 22, 1984, Top Secret [codewords not declassified], CREST"
2876:
338:
1264:
802:
militia. He further emphasized that Hezbollah had the endorsement of his country to deploy the weapons in defense of Lebanon.
786:
212:
1981:
1092:
1054:
646:
Hezbollah adopted the alias Islamic Jihad Organization to create plausible deniability and obscure its connection with Iran.
251:
32:
2387:
2631:
233:
2881:
882:
May 25, 2013: Nasrallah admitted Hezbollah's involvement in Syria, emphasizing Syria's role as the resistance's backbone.
795:
report, Iranian authorities assured Hezbollah of an ongoing supply of weapons for "the next stage of the confrontation".
546:
218:
2145:
1905:
896:
January 18, 2015: Israeli airstrike killed IRGC General Allah-Dadi and six Hezbollah fighters in Syria's Golan Heights.
266:
1303:"CIA, Report, Terrorism as a Political Weapon ::Four Middle Eastern Case Studies, April 23, 1985, Secret, CREST"
890:
729:
618:
560:
1495:"CIA, Report, Amal and Hizballah ::The Line Between Politics and Terrorism, August 16, 1985, Top Secret, CREST"
1109:
2649:
1745:
391:
139:
132:
2363:
177:
2759:
1114:
941:
923:
332:
936:
110:
2189:
2534:
1925:
946:
164:
2165:
1802:
1679:
1654:
2606:
1725:
1228:
893:
General claimed Iran provided Hezbollah with Fateh missiles capable of reaching any target in Israel.
317:
1626:
807:
760:
493:
285:
228:
159:
144:
1528:"Iran-Hezbollah Alliance Reconsidered: What Contributes to the Survival of State-Proxy Alliance?"
873:
539:
2734:
Fernando Alfonso III; Ivana Kottasová; Amir Vera; Jessie Yeung; Eliza Mackintosh (2020-01-05).
876:
killed six Israeli tourists and a Bulgarian driver, leading Israel to blame Hezbollah and Iran.
120:
1006:
778:
Aug. 1, 2005: Nasrallah met with Supreme Leader Khamenei and President Ahmadinejad in Tehran.
2844:
2314:
1046:
154:
91:
1803:"Parliamentary question | Al-Manar Hizbullah Television | E-0909/2005 | European Parliament"
1034:
1527:
290:
115:
96:
2263:
8:
2217:
2150:
2053:
1910:
1769:
1232:
900:
829:
2733:
1781:
2849:
2031:
1826:
1366:
1203:
607:
603:
575:
564:
532:
447:
189:
73:
1494:
1462:
1430:
1398:
1378:
886:
Hezbollah cell maintains with senior Hezbollah and/or Iranian intelligence operatives.
2800:
2583:"Hezbollah Members Arrested in Thailand Admit to Planning Attack on Israeli Tourists"
2262:
Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs.
2261:
2035:
2023:
1977:
1867:
1800:
1549:
1506:
1474:
1442:
1410:
1335:"CIA, Report, Bombings in Kuwait, 12 December 1983, December 15, 1983, Secret, CREST"
1236:
1195:
1160:
1088:
1050:
599:
594:
Hezbollah was established in 1982 by young Shi’a Lebanese clerics who had studied in
571:
101:
2015:
1969:
1859:
1777:
1578:
1539:
1502:
1470:
1438:
1406:
1374:
1342:
1310:
1187:
1150:
1042:
626:
510:
497:
484:
471:
422:
418:
409:
400:
239:
223:
201:
41:
2074:
2003:
1602:
1570:
1334:
1302:
1180:"Money, Media and Policy Consensus: The Washington Institute for near East Policy"
966:
698:
regime in Syria, the Lebanese diaspora, international crime and legal businesses.
2826:"Iran FM meets Nasrallah, says terror proxies in region 'fully ready' to respond"
2019:
1582:
1346:
1314:
1288:
1084:
910:
846:
695:
405:
2121:
1939:
909:
January 5, 2020: Following the killing of Iranian Revolutionary Guards’ general
839:
506:
2870:
2027:
1961:
1871:
1553:
1544:
1251:
1199:
1164:
1142:
661:
embedded within Hezbollah units, sharing communication and support networks.
462:
452:
327:
53:
1973:
1240:
1155:
653:
independent, international organization is at work against U.S. interests.”
2783:"Nasrallah: If Israel attacks Iran, Hezbollah won't necessarily join fight"
2388:"Is Israel Facing War with Hizbullah and Syria? | The Washington Institute"
1851:
1221:
Mason, Robert Scott (1989). "National Security". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
853:
367:
37:
2095:
1863:
2498:"At least 7 killed in Bulgaria in blast on bus carrying Israeli tourists"
2214:"Asia Times Online :: Middle East News – Hezbollah's transformation"
457:
442:
322:
2050:"Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs"
1119:
2480:"Israel blames Iran for India and Georgia bombings; Tehran denies role"
1207:
857:
852:
October 13–14, 2010: President Ahmadinejad visited Lebanon, expressing
480:
467:
2238:
903:, an Iranian ally in their victory against rebels in a pivotal battle.
2845:"Iran's new president vows to back Hezbollah and other terror groups"
1289:"HEZBOLLAH'S REGIONAL ACTIVITIES IN SUPPORT OF IRAN'S PROXY NETWORKS"
1265:"Hezbollah's Regional Activities in Support of Iran's Proxy Networks"
1222:
1179:
81:
63:
1191:
825:
357:
56:
2760:"Lebanon:Sayyed Nasrallah's Full Speech at the Memorial Servi..."
2736:"Hezbollah leader vows to drive US forces out of the Middle East"
2464:
1890:
1250:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
362:
59:
2535:"Hezbollah leader acknowledges fighters' presence in Syria town"
1077:
Beware of small states: Lebanon, battleground of the Middle East
991:
Routledge Handbook of International Relations in the Middle East
835:
2010: The leaders of Hezbollah, Syria and Iran meet in Damascus.
2607:"Did "The A-Team of Terrorists" just chalk up another failure?"
1962:"Western Responses to the Hostage-Crisis and Crisis-Management"
1801:
Jas GAWRONSKI; Timothy Charles Ayrton TANNOCK; Jana HYBÁŠKOVÁ.
1080:
989:
Akbarzadeh, S. (2019). Proxy Relations: Iran and Hezbollah. In
2632:"Iran said to give Hezbollah missiles that 'can reach Dimona'"
694:
Hezbollah receives funding from several sources including the
1770:"Israel bans Hamas-affiliated Palestinian station Al-Quds TV"
1367:"cia report terrorism review march 1 1984 secretnoforn crest"
899:
December 22, 2016: Hezbollah played a key role in aiding the
595:
2693:"Hezbollah, other Shi'ite allies helped Assad win in Aleppo"
1702:"Iran's Proxies in Syria Move Toward Escalation With Israel"
1699:
1007:"Iran's Islamist Proxies in the Middle East | Wilson Center"
2801:"Iranian FM met with Hezbollah leader Nasrallah in Lebanon"
798:
49:
2166:"Hezbollah's Record on War & Politics | Wilson Center"
1740:
1738:
1746:"Al-Manar: Hizbullah TV, 24/7 | The Washington Institute"
2675:"Israeli strike in Syria kills senior Hezbollah figures"
2239:"Satellite News and latest stories | The Jerusalem Post"
559:
Iranian support, including financial aid, deployment of
1735:
664:
2532:
2516:"Hezbollah confirms it sent drone downed over Israel"
2412:"Zionists will disappear, Ahmadinejad tells Lebanese"
27:
Bilateral relations and Iranian support for Hezbollah
2460:"Hezbollah says gets support, not orders, from Iran"
790:
An Iranian missile, found in a Hezbollah stash, 2006
2339:"Assad Hosts Nasrallah, Ahmadinejad for 3-way Meet"
1968:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 134–177,
1906:"Hizbollah fighter tells Israel he trained in Iran"
1532:
Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs
849:
hosted Iranian President Ahmadinejad and Nasrallah.
641:
2436:"Iran cuts Hezbollah funds, Israel says - UPI.com"
2096:"Interpol seeks 6 over '94 Jewish center bombing"
1886:"Lebanon's Hezbollah: What weapons does it have?"
598:. The organization adopted the model outlined by
2868:
2650:"Iran's Growing Toll in Syria | The Iran Primer"
1039:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
2264:"Chapter 6 – State Sponsors of Terror Overview"
1575:U.S. Intelligence on the Middle East, 1945–2009
1499:U.S. Intelligence on the Middle East, 1945–2009
1467:U.S. Intelligence on the Middle East, 1945–2009
1435:U.S. Intelligence on the Middle East, 1945–2009
1403:U.S. Intelligence on the Middle East, 1945–2009
1339:U.S. Intelligence on the Middle East, 1945–2009
1307:U.S. Intelligence on the Middle East, 1945–2009
874:suicide bombing at Sarafovo Airport in Bulgaria
738:warfare, and conventional military operations.
2119:
1700:Kasra Aarabi; Jason M. Brodsky (2023-12-27).
1143:"Une expérience politique islamique au Liban"
815:Hezbollah leader by issuing a postage stamp.
617:Iranian support, including the deployment of
540:
1525:
1035:"Arab-Israeli Wars and US Foreign Relations"
2001:
673:sparking an Islamic revolution in Lebanon.
1107:
547:
533:
2842:
2315:"Ahmadinejad, Nasrallah meet in Damascus"
1852:"Iran will acquire more Russian weaponry"
1543:
1526:Khan, Akbar; Zhaoying, Han (April 2020).
1154:
36:A meeting between Supreme Leader of Iran
1959:
828:, Syria, meeting with Iranian President
785:
728:
31:
2685:
2361:
1565:
1563:
1101:
1032:
14:
2869:
2533:Amir Ahmed; Tom Watkins (2013-05-25).
2364:"Alleged Hezbollah plot in Azerbaijan"
1371:U.S. Intelligence on Europe, 1945–1995
1177:
1047:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.756
2312:
2299:Israel to counter Hizbullah forces",
2286:Israel to counter Hizbullah forces",
1220:
1074:
680:
150:2006–2008 Lebanese political protests
2120:Ufheil-Somers, Amanda (2006-08-01).
1676:"Asharq Alawsat Newspaper (English)"
1651:"Asharq Alawsat Newspaper (English)"
1560:
1140:
1028:
1026:
1001:
999:
845:February 26, 2010: Syrian President
689:
2146:"Iran Held Liable In Khobar Attack"
1940:"Germans release Lebanese hijacker"
1926:"Hijacking of TWA Flight 847 — FBI"
1782:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-1323-20180156
1627:"Country Reports on Terrorism 2021"
781:
665:Ideological and religious influence
40:and Secretary general of Hezbollah
24:
2075:"Buenos Aires bomber 'identified'"
2002:Jensehaugen, Jørgen (2009-06-29).
710:conventional military operations.
267:2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike
213:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
25:
2893:
2362:Rotella, Sebastian (2009-05-30).
1631:United States Department of State
1379:10.1163/9789004287648.useo_b09121
1214:
1023:
996:
1507:10.1163/9789004249028.umeob08196
1475:10.1163/9789004249028.umeob08124
1443:10.1163/9789004249028.umeob08200
1411:10.1163/9789004249028.umeob08187
1245:
642:Islamic Jihad Organisation proxy
234:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
2836:
2818:
2793:
2775:
2752:
2727:
2703:
2667:
2642:
2624:
2599:
2575:
2551:
2526:
2508:
2490:
2472:
2452:
2428:
2404:
2380:
2355:
2331:
2306:
2293:
2280:
2255:
2231:
2206:
2190:"Nasrallah holds talks in Iran"
2182:
2158:
2138:
2113:
2088:
2067:
2042:
1995:
1953:
1932:
1918:
1898:
1878:
1844:
1831:U.S. Department of the Treasury
1819:
1794:
1762:
1718:
1693:
1668:
1643:
1619:
1595:
1519:
1487:
1455:
1423:
1391:
1359:
1327:
1295:
1281:
1257:
1235:. pp. 202, 208, 239, 243.
219:2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict
2877:Foreign relations of Hezbollah
2843:Frantzman, Seth (2024-07-10).
2805:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
1171:
1134:
1068:
983:
959:
140:Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc
13:
1:
1774:Human Rights Documents Online
1178:Beinin, Joel (January 1993).
952:
750:
733:Missiles found abroad Francop
625:Following the opening of the
589:
2216:. 2006-07-20. Archived from
2052:. 2006-11-19. Archived from
2020:10.1177/00223433090460040813
1678:. 2007-03-02. Archived from
1653:. 2007-03-02. Archived from
1607:Council on Foreign Relations
1583:10.1163/9789004249028.b08200
1347:10.1163/9789004249028.b08079
1315:10.1163/9789004249028.b08172
1115:The New York Review of Books
1108:Adam Shatz (29 April 2004).
1033:Anziska, Seth (2019-08-28),
971:Council on Foreign Relations
942:Iranian influence in Lebanon
333:Lebanese Communication Group
7:
2392:www.washingtoninstitute.org
1750:www.washingtoninstitute.org
1041:, Oxford University Press,
937:Hezbollah Foreign Relations
930:
860:and meeting with Nasrallah.
818:
10:
2898:
2313:Cohen, Dudi (2007-07-19).
1726:"Hezbollah's media empire"
1141:Raad, Samih (2007-12-15).
745:
724:
339:Islamic Resistance Support
165:Hezbollah-Russia relations
2763:english.alahednews.com.lb
2711:"Mimecast TTP Web Portal"
2559:"Mimecast TTP Web Portal"
2008:Journal of Peace Research
1960:Ranstorp, Magnus (1997),
1229:Federal Research Division
993:(pp. 321-329). Routledge.
318:Hezbollah social services
2715:security-us.mimecast.com
2563:security-us.mimecast.com
1856:Emerald Expert Briefings
1545:10.1177/2347797020906654
1224:Lebanon: a country study
1110:"In Search of Hezbollah"
824:2007: Nasrallah visited
761:National Security Agency
229:2008 conflict in Lebanon
160:Hezbollah-Iran relations
145:2008 conflict in Lebanon
50:Islamic Republic of Iran
18:Hezbollah-Iran relations
1974:10.1057/9780230377509_5
1156:10.4000/leportique.1408
604:1979 Iranian Revolution
576:1979 Iranian Revolution
197:1983 US Embassy bombing
52:is a key patron of the
2882:Iran–Lebanon relations
1807:www.europarl.europa.eu
947:Iran–Lebanon relations
926:, Iranian state media.
791:
734:
45:
2301:Jane's Defence Weekly
2288:Jane's Defence Weekly
2122:"Hizballah: A Primer"
1966:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
1864:10.1108/oxan-db278366
1269:Middle East Institute
1075:Hirst, David (2010).
808:Jane's Defence Weekly
789:
732:
247:Hezbollah involvement
35:
2170:www.wilsoncenter.org
1603:"What Is Hezbollah?"
1227:. Washington, D.C.:
1011:www.wilsoncenter.org
967:"What Is Hezbollah?"
619:Revolutionary Guards
561:Revolutionary Guards
291:Imam al-Mahdi Scouts
262:2023 border conflict
252:Spillover in Lebanon
133:Political activities
62:and political party
2654:iranprimer.usip.org
2268:2001-2009.state.gov
2151:The Washington Post
1911:The Washington Post
1233:Library of Congress
889:November 22, 2014:
392:Secretaries-General
341:Organization (IRSO)
178:Military activities
2850:The Jerusalem Post
1184:Middle East Report
792:
735:
681:Hezbollah autonomy
600:Ayatollah Khomeini
572:Ayatollah Khomeini
565:Axis of Resistance
448:Hashim Safi Al Din
190:Lebanese Civil War
46:
2368:Los Angeles Times
1983:978-0-333-68401-6
1122:on 22 August 2006
1094:978-0-571-23741-8
1056:978-0-19-932917-5
901:Syrian government
872:July 18, 2012: A
690:Financial Funding
557:
556:
522:
521:
375:
374:
299:
298:
111:Foreign relations
16:(Redirected from
2889:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1547:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1118:. Archived from
1105:
1099:
1098:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1003:
994:
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
963:
911:Qassem Soleimani
782:2006 Lebanon war
549:
542:
535:
515:
502:
489:
476:
435:Senior officials
427:
419:Hassan Nasrallah
414:
401:Subhi al-Tufayli
388:
387:
312:
311:
240:Syrian civil war
224:2006 Lebanon War
202:War of the Camps
183:
182:
69:
68:
42:Hassan Nasrallah
21:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2841:
2837:
2830:Times of Israel
2824:
2823:
2819:
2810:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2787:Times of Israel
2781:
2780:
2776:
2767:
2765:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2636:Times of Israel
2630:
2629:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2541:
2531:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2372:
2370:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1809:
1799:
1795:
1786:
1784:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1477:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1246:
1219:
1215:
1192:10.2307/3013225
1176:
1172:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1085:Faber and Faber
1073:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1031:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1004:
997:
988:
984:
975:
973:
965:
964:
960:
955:
933:
847:Bashar al-Assad
821:
784:
753:
748:
727:
696:Bashar Al-Assad
692:
683:
667:
644:
592:
553:
524:
523:
511:
498:
485:
472:
423:
410:
406:Abbas al-Musawi
385:
377:
376:
343:
340:
309:
301:
300:
295:
258:
257:
215:
208:
207:
180:
170:
169:
135:
125:
106:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2863:
2862:
2835:
2817:
2792:
2774:
2751:
2726:
2702:
2684:
2666:
2641:
2623:
2598:
2574:
2550:
2525:
2507:
2502:washingtonpost
2489:
2484:washingtonpost
2471:
2451:
2427:
2403:
2379:
2354:
2330:
2305:
2303:, 26 July 2006
2292:
2290:, 26 July 2006
2279:
2254:
2230:
2205:
2181:
2157:
2137:
2112:
2087:
2066:
2041:
1994:
1982:
1952:
1931:
1917:
1897:
1877:
1858:. 2023-04-20.
1843:
1818:
1793:
1761:
1734:
1717:
1706:Foreign Policy
1692:
1667:
1642:
1618:
1594:
1559:
1538:(1): 101–123.
1518:
1486:
1454:
1422:
1390:
1358:
1326:
1294:
1280:
1256:
1213:
1186:(180): 10–15.
1170:
1133:
1100:
1093:
1067:
1055:
1022:
995:
982:
957:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
932:
929:
928:
927:
920:
917:
914:
907:
904:
897:
894:
887:
883:
880:
877:
870:
867:
864:
861:
856:sentiments in
850:
843:
840:Imad Mughniyah
836:
833:
820:
817:
783:
780:
752:
749:
747:
744:
726:
723:
691:
688:
682:
679:
666:
663:
643:
640:
591:
588:
555:
554:
552:
551:
544:
537:
529:
526:
525:
520:
519:
518:
517:
507:Imad Mughniyeh
504:
491:
478:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
437:
436:
432:
431:
430:
429:
416:
403:
395:
394:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
372:
371:
370:
365:
360:
352:
351:
347:
346:
345:
344:
337:
335:
330:
325:
320:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
286:Armed strength
282:
279:
278:
274:
273:
272:
271:
270:
269:
259:
256:
255:
249:
242:
238:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
209:
206:
205:
199:
192:
188:
181:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
162:
157:
155:Doha Agreement
152:
147:
142:
136:
131:
130:
127:
126:
124:
123:
118:
113:
107:
105:
104:
99:
94:
88:
85:
84:
78:
77:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2894:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2296:
2289:
2283:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2220:on 2006-07-20
2219:
2215:
2209:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2076:
2070:
2056:on 2006-11-19
2055:
2051:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1727:
1721:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1682:on 2007-03-02
1681:
1677:
1671:
1657:on 2007-03-02
1656:
1652:
1646:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1290:
1284:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1252:public domain
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
992:
986:
972:
968:
962:
958:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
908:
905:
902:
898:
895:
892:
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
855:
851:
848:
844:
841:
837:
834:
831:
827:
823:
822:
816:
812:
810:
809:
803:
800:
796:
788:
779:
776:
772:
769:
765:
762:
757:
743:
739:
731:
722:
718:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
697:
687:
678:
674:
670:
662:
658:
654:
650:
647:
639:
635:
631:
628:
623:
620:
615:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
583:
579:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
550:
545:
543:
538:
536:
531:
530:
528:
527:
516:
514:
508:
505:
503:
501:
495:
492:
490:
488:
482:
479:
477:
475:
469:
466:
464:
463:Talal Hamiyah
461:
459:
456:
454:
453:Mohammad Raad
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
438:
434:
433:
428:
426:
420:
417:
415:
413:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
397:
396:
393:
390:
389:
381:
380:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
354:
353:
349:
348:
342:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:Jihad al-Bina
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
314:
313:
308:Organizations
305:
304:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
281:
280:
276:
275:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
253:
250:
248:
244:
243:
241:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
214:
210:
203:
200:
198:
194:
193:
191:
187:
186:
185:
184:
179:
174:
173:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
134:
129:
128:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
87:
86:
83:
80:
79:
75:
71:
70:
67:
65:
61:
58:
55:
54:Lebanese Shia
51:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2854:. Retrieved
2848:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2809:. Retrieved
2807:. 2023-10-13
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:
2754:
2743:. Retrieved
2739:
2729:
2718:. Retrieved
2714:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2658:. Retrieved
2656:. 2015-10-26
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2615:. Retrieved
2613:. 2014-04-18
2610:
2601:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:
2577:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:
2553:
2542:. Retrieved
2538:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2463:
2454:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:
2430:
2419:. Retrieved
2415:
2406:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2371:. Retrieved
2367:
2357:
2346:. Retrieved
2342:
2333:
2322:. Retrieved
2318:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2271:. Retrieved
2267:
2257:
2246:. Retrieved
2243:fr.jpost.com
2242:
2233:
2222:. Retrieved
2218:the original
2208:
2197:. Retrieved
2193:
2184:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:
2160:
2149:
2140:
2129:. Retrieved
2125:
2115:
2104:. Retrieved
2102:. 2007-11-07
2099:
2090:
2079:. Retrieved
2077:. 2005-11-10
2069:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2044:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1987:, retrieved
1965:
1955:
1944:. Retrieved
1942:. 2005-12-20
1934:
1920:
1909:
1900:
1889:
1880:
1855:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1833:. 2023-12-14
1830:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:
1796:
1785:. Retrieved
1773:
1764:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:
1720:
1709:. Retrieved
1705:
1695:
1684:. Retrieved
1680:the original
1670:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1645:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1586:. Retrieved
1574:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1510:. Retrieved
1498:
1489:
1478:. Retrieved
1466:
1457:
1446:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1414:. Retrieved
1402:
1393:
1382:. Retrieved
1370:
1361:
1350:. Retrieved
1338:
1329:
1318:. Retrieved
1306:
1297:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:
1259:
1223:
1216:
1183:
1173:
1146:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:the original
1113:
1103:
1076:
1070:
1060:, retrieved
1038:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:
990:
985:
974:. Retrieved
970:
961:
854:anti-Zionist
813:
806:
804:
797:
793:
777:
773:
770:
766:
758:
754:
740:
736:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
693:
684:
675:
671:
668:
659:
655:
651:
648:
645:
636:
632:
624:
616:
614:occupation.
612:
593:
584:
580:
569:
558:
512:
499:
494:Ibrahim Aqil
486:
473:
424:
411:
368:Al-Ahed News
277:Capabilities
121:Headquarters
47:
38:Ali Khamenei
29:
1147:Le Portique
830:Ahmadinejad
458:Nabil Qaouk
443:Naim Qassem
323:Bayt al-Mal
2871:Categories
2856:2024-07-14
2811:2023-12-21
2768:2023-12-21
2745:2023-12-21
2720:2023-12-21
2660:2023-12-21
2617:2023-12-21
2592:2023-12-21
2568:2023-12-21
2544:2023-12-21
2445:2023-12-21
2421:2023-12-21
2397:2023-12-21
2373:2023-12-21
2348:2023-12-21
2324:2023-12-21
2273:2023-12-21
2248:2023-12-21
2224:2023-12-21
2199:2023-12-21
2194:Al Jazeera
2175:2023-12-21
2131:2023-12-21
2106:2023-12-21
2081:2023-12-21
2060:2023-12-21
2014:(4): 605.
1989:2023-12-21
1946:2023-12-21
1837:2023-12-21
1812:2023-12-21
1787:2023-12-21
1755:2023-12-21
1711:2023-12-21
1686:2023-12-21
1661:2023-12-21
1636:2023-12-21
1612:2023-12-21
1588:2023-12-21
1512:2023-12-21
1480:2023-12-21
1448:2023-12-21
1416:2023-12-21
1384:2023-12-21
1352:2023-12-21
1320:2023-12-21
1274:2023-12-21
1062:2023-12-21
1016:2023-12-21
976:2023-12-27
953:References
858:Bint Jbeil
751:1980s-2006
602:after the
590:Background
574:after the
481:Ali Karaki
468:Fuad Shukr
2036:109654759
2028:0022-3433
1872:2633-304X
1554:2347-7970
1200:0899-2851
1165:1283-8594
1126:14 August
608:civil war
82:Hezbollah
64:Hezbollah
2416:SBS News
2319:Ynetnews
2100:NBC News
1241:44356055
931:See also
826:Damascus
819:Timeline
627:1982 war
358:Al-Manar
92:Ideology
74:a series
72:Part of
57:Islamist
2697:Reuters
2679:Reuters
2587:Haaretz
2520:reuters
2465:Reuters
2343:Haaretz
1891:Reuters
1208:3013225
746:History
725:Weapons
513:†
500:†
487:†
474:†
425:†
412:†
363:Al-Nour
116:Funding
97:History
60:militia
44:in 2005
2034:
2026:
1980:
1870:
1552:
1239:
1206:
1198:
1163:
1091:
1081:London
1053:
509:
496:
483:
470:
421:
408:
384:People
2126:MERIP
2032:S2CID
1729:(PDF)
1204:JSTOR
596:Najaf
350:Media
2611:TIME
2024:ISSN
1978:ISBN
1868:ISSN
1550:ISSN
1237:OCLC
1196:ISSN
1161:ISSN
1128:2006
1089:ISBN
1051:ISBN
924:IRNA
891:IRGC
799:Iran
102:Flag
48:The
2740:CNN
2539:CNN
2440:UPI
2016:doi
1970:doi
1860:doi
1778:doi
1579:doi
1540:doi
1503:doi
1471:doi
1439:doi
1407:doi
1375:doi
1343:doi
1311:doi
1188:doi
1151:doi
1043:doi
567:".
2873::
2847:.
2828:.
2803:.
2785:.
2738:.
2713:.
2695:.
2677:.
2652:.
2634:.
2609:.
2585:.
2561:.
2537:.
2518:.
2500:.
2482:.
2462:.
2438:.
2414:.
2390:.
2366:.
2341:.
2317:.
2266:.
2241:.
2192:.
2168:.
2148:.
2124:.
2098:.
2030:.
2022:.
2012:46
2010:.
2006:.
1976:,
1964:,
1908:.
1888:.
1866:.
1854:.
1829:.
1805:.
1776:.
1772:.
1748:.
1737:^
1704:.
1629:.
1605:.
1577:.
1573:.
1562:^
1548:.
1534:.
1530:.
1501:.
1497:.
1469:.
1465:.
1437:.
1433:.
1405:.
1401:.
1373:.
1369:.
1341:.
1337:.
1309:.
1305:.
1267:.
1231:,
1202:.
1194:.
1182:.
1159:.
1149:.
1145:.
1112:.
1087:.
1083::
1079:.
1049:,
1037:,
1025:^
1009:.
998:^
969:.
76:on
66:.
2859:.
2832:.
2814:.
2789:.
2771:.
2748:.
2723:.
2699:.
2681:.
2663:.
2638:.
2620:.
2595:.
2571:.
2547:.
2522:.
2504:.
2486:.
2468:.
2448:.
2424:.
2400:.
2376:.
2351:.
2327:.
2276:.
2251:.
2227:.
2202:.
2178:.
2154:.
2134:.
2109:.
2084:.
2063:.
2038:.
2018::
1972::
1949:.
1928:.
1914:.
1894:.
1874:.
1862::
1840:.
1815:.
1790:.
1780::
1758:.
1731:.
1714:.
1689:.
1664:.
1639:.
1615:.
1591:.
1581::
1556:.
1542::
1536:7
1515:.
1505::
1483:.
1473::
1451:.
1441::
1419:.
1409::
1387:.
1377::
1355:.
1345::
1323:.
1313::
1291:.
1277:.
1254:.
1243:.
1210:.
1190::
1167:.
1153::
1130:.
1097:.
1045::
1019:.
979:.
832:.
548:e
541:t
534:v
254:)
245:(
204:)
195:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_01.jpg)