877:
227:
152:
20:
135:. Because the local climate is moister than in either China or Korea, roofs had to have a steeper incline to help quicken the flow of rainwater. Due to the permeable nature of the walls, and the lack of channelled roof drainage, it was necessary that eaves project far from the walls. On a roof of steep pitch, the wide eaves were also deep, restricting light to the windows and trapping humidity.
95:
61:
of shallow pitch, jutting widely from the walls but without overhanging them. The second roof is visible only from under the eaves and is therefore called a "hidden roof" (giving its name to the whole structure) while the first roof is externally visible and is called an "exposed roof" in
English and
162:
This structure not only solved drainage problems, but eliminated deep shadows and gave the whole temple a feel that was very different from that of its ancestors of the Asian continent. It was as a consequence extremely successful and was widely adopted all over the country. One important exception
186:
has a square roof over a rectangular footprint. Ways were also found to make use of the space between the two roofs. For example, at Jōruri-ji in Kyōto (1107) part of the Hon-dō's ceiling was raised above the rest to give space to the room. Later, it would become common to raise the exposed roof
321:
In origin they were necessary to support the roof above, however at the end of the 10th century the invention of the hidden roof, which had its own hidden supporting structure, made them superfluous. They remained in use, albeit in a purely decorative role, assuming a variety of forms, and are
142:
as aesthetic elements. From the hidden roof projected the principal rafters of the shallow-pitched eaves. The structural elements of the outer roof were raised above this, with an outer inclination completely independent of the pitch of the eaves. The earliest extant example of hidden roof is
280:
105:
continued to evolve after new techniques imported from China and Korea together with
Buddhism around the 6th century. Climate in Japan being different from that on the continent, several structural adaptations became necessary, the most important of which is the
178:
Because the hidden roof allowed the structure of the roof to be changed at will with no impact on the underlying building, its use gave birth to many structural innovations. For example,
121:
would enter the building and would then be visible from below. Above the rafters would be laid directly on the roofing material, for example wood shingles. This is the structure of
1584:
1887:
167:
which, although arrived in Japan from China at the end of the 12th century, thus well after the invention of the hidden roof, never adopted it. Also, although all extant
261:'s Denpō-dō in the photo to the right, where the brown elements within the gable are all part of the roof's support system. After the adoption of the hidden roof, the
608:
3181:
1872:
117:(710–794), the structural elements of a roof were considered ornamental and therefore left exposed by design. The rafters supporting the roof's
1882:
1877:
1867:
601:
190:
The same evolution we have seen in
Buddhist architecture can be seen in the roofs of several Shinto architectural styles it influenced. The
3820:
1924:
594:
3174:
2955:
175:
style, which arrived roughly at the same time of the
Daibutsuyō, adopted the hidden roof only some time after its arrival.
1859:
138:
The solution devised by
Japanese artisans was to construct a hidden roof raised above a ceiling which had non-structural
3167:
549:
429:
1767:
57:. It is composed of a true roof above and a second roof beneath, permitting an outer roof of steep pitch to have
3030:
1797:
293:
Another of the repercussions of the invention of the hidden roof was the role change undergone by struts, called
3198:
1022:
820:
3775:
3396:
3223:
1772:
1713:
1058:
127:
3128:
2247:
1917:
3621:
3040:
2615:
2233:
3780:
2254:
3190:
50:
3517:
836:
3712:
3634:
661:
3654:
23:
A hidden roof: an extremely slanted roof with practically horizontal eaves (Ebisu-dō, Honkaku-ji,
1910:
3218:
1170:
3035:
2950:
2477:
1246:
618:
102:
3244:
2485:
2032:
1820:
1813:
1445:
1151:
674:
143:
Hōryū-ji's Daikō-dō, built in 990 and was discovered only in the 1930s during repair work.
3649:
3391:
2546:
1038:
183:
83:
8:
3707:
3270:
2960:
2622:
1948:
1777:
1212:
955:
726:
335:
2089:
3326:
2935:
2103:
1350:
566:
446:
78:
in
Japanese. Invented in Japan during the 10th century, its earliest extant example is
24:
3744:
3697:
3572:
3552:
2212:
1302:
1233:
1157:
916:
767:
545:
425:
3446:
3290:
1069:
1045:
586:
392:
3765:
3577:
3123:
2668:
2605:
2519:
2275:
1803:
1458:
1431:
802:
513:
287:
215:
3433:
2639:
2563:
2539:
2512:
2191:
1981:
1974:
1809:
1405:
1063:
971:
964:
903:
742:
206:
all followed the evolution path we have seen. All extant examples of the ancient
199:
3087:
3825:
3702:
3413:
3280:
2945:
2940:
2756:
2595:
2588:
2433:
2268:
2226:
2198:
1145:
937:
795:
781:
749:
694:
207:
54:
3014:
2627:
2610:
2490:
3814:
3717:
3611:
3567:
3512:
3497:
3045:
2970:
2836:
2762:
2745:
2651:
2632:
2551:
2529:
2282:
2261:
2240:
2219:
2009:
1933:
1005:
999:
882:
857:
843:
809:
788:
774:
708:
654:
640:
258:
211:
195:
191:
172:
122:
79:
3487:
3159:
2600:
2361:
829:
164:
3687:
3629:
3502:
3071:
2999:
2841:
2703:
2578:
2495:
1827:
1743:
701:
3639:
3749:
3471:
3466:
2826:
2809:
2718:
2698:
2573:
2534:
2447:
2396:
2354:
1225:
1083:
647:
114:
3790:
3785:
3672:
3456:
3260:
2991:
2984:
2556:
2075:
1191:
257:
were simply structural elements left visible by design. See for example
3538:
3418:
3295:
2892:
2681:
2583:
2502:
2124:
2002:
1750:
1722:
1688:
1076:
1052:
203:
98:
Section of a temple's roof showing the inner structure of a hidden roof
3441:
3386:
3340:
2693:
2368:
1967:
1674:
1357:
3682:
3677:
3601:
3381:
3315:
3310:
3275:
3250:
3229:
3133:
2965:
2913:
2819:
2789:
2783:
2769:
2733:
2686:
2656:
2644:
2524:
2454:
2314:
2159:
2110:
2047:
2026:
1841:
1736:
1702:
1496:
1424:
1239:
1219:
909:
372:
is the technical term for the space between the roof and the ceiling.
295:
274:
3461:
3345:
1364:
234:, all structural elements in this case are visible within the gable.
3770:
3664:
3239:
3103:
3061:
3009:
3004:
2860:
2750:
2723:
2507:
2460:
2382:
2184:
2138:
2117:
2082:
2061:
1656:
1545:
1531:
1517:
1489:
1482:
1464:
1295:
1281:
1260:
1198:
1121:
1031:
3606:
3360:
3350:
3305:
3300:
3285:
3234:
2798:
2410:
2299:
2145:
2131:
2054:
1834:
1614:
1593:
1392:
1378:
1371:
1336:
1288:
1253:
314:
226:
151:
19:
3692:
3335:
3265:
3255:
2919:
2831:
2814:
2777:
2737:
2708:
2676:
2440:
2205:
2177:
2096:
2068:
1902:
1695:
1681:
1628:
1607:
1566:
1552:
1538:
1343:
1177:
1128:
1114:
923:
760:
735:
668:
179:
3507:
3492:
876:
850:
544:(illustrated ed.). Kodansha International. pp. 39–40.
323:
3795:
3582:
3355:
3118:
3113:
2975:
2906:
2899:
2794:
2375:
2304:
1995:
1988:
1649:
1600:
1524:
1438:
1385:
1329:
1274:
1267:
1205:
1163:
985:
978:
680:
139:
2389:
3644:
3423:
3365:
3108:
3066:
2804:
2713:
2466:
2426:
2417:
2403:
2309:
2152:
1641:
1635:
1621:
1559:
1510:
1452:
1399:
1184:
1011:
992:
930:
687:
309:
118:
58:
3451:
3144: (in order of the size of the shrine network they head)
424:(illustrated ed.). Kodansha International. p. 24.
279:
132:
3533:
2885:
2867:
1848:
1729:
1573:
1503:
110:, invented some time during the Heian period (794–1185).
3592:
168:
94:
265:
remained in use, albeit with a purely decorative role.
238:
Before the invention of the hidden roof, the so-called
312:
provided in the intervals between bracket complexes (
155:
Hōryū-ji's Daikō-dō is the earliest extant example of
616:
482:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Shibundō. pp. 184–186.
3812:
354:
250:
71:
49:is a type of roof widely used in Japan both at
42:
571:Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System
451:Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System
397:Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System
361:
301:
244:
218:styles however show no sign of a hidden roof.
65:
36:
3189:
3175:
1918:
602:
502:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Shibundō. p. 239.
493:
491:
489:
187:above the entire core of a temple building.
539:
473:
471:
469:
467:
419:
3182:
3168:
1925:
1911:
609:
595:
497:
486:
477:
415:
413:
535:
533:
464:
278:
225:
150:
93:
89:
18:
3713:Twelve Heavenly Generals (Jūni Shinshō)
1947:
171:temples have it, it is likely that the
3813:
2956:Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines
514:"Joruri-ji Temple | Sightseeing Spots"
500:Jisha Kenchiku no Kanshō Kiso Chishiki
480:Jisha Kenchiku no Kanshō Kiso Chishiki
410:
3163:
2335:
1946:
1906:
590:
558:
540:Nishi, Kazuo; Hozumi, Kazuo (1996) .
530:
420:Nishi, Kazuo; Hozumi, Kazuo (1996) .
384:
518:Another Kyoto Official Travel Guide
318:) at religious buildings in Japan.
13:
1932:
564:
444:
390:
163:is the architectural style called
14:
3837:
366:, literally "hidden small house")
1768:Architectural Institute of Japan
875:
3821:Japanese architectural features
3031:Shrine Parishioner Registration
1798:Groups of Traditional Buildings
86:, rebuilt after a fire in 990.
3553:Schools and objects of worship
3199:Japanese Buddhist architecture
542:What is Japanese architecture?
506:
438:
422:What is Japanese architecture?
347:
308:. Nakazonae are intercolumnar
221:
1:
3776:Glossary of Japanese Buddhism
1773:Japan Institute of Architects
378:
3129:Two bows, two claps, one bow
268:
146:
7:
3055:Misc practices for visitors
3041:Shrine Consolidation Policy
498:Hamashima, Masashi (1999).
478:Hamashima, Masashi (1999).
355:
329:
251:
72:
43:
10:
3842:
3781:Japanese Buddhist pantheon
2336:
873:
272:
3758:
3737:
3730:
3663:
3620:
3591:
3560:
3551:
3526:
3480:
3432:
3374:
3324:
3206:
3197:
3191:Buddhist temples in Japan
3142:
3096:
3080:
3054:
3023:
2928:
2877:
2852:
2732:
2667:
2476:
2346:
2342:
2331:
2292:
2169:
2019:
1996:honden / shinden / shōden
1959:
1955:
1942:
1858:
1793:
1786:
1760:
1712:
1666:
1583:
1474:
1416:
1312:
1138:
1101:
1021:
954:
947:
896:
889:
819:
725:
718:
632:
625:
362:
302:
245:
66:
37:
565:Parent, Mary Neighbour.
445:Parent, Mary Neighbour.
391:Parent, Mary Neighbour.
341:
230:Hōryū-ji, Denpō-dō. The
3518:Ōbaku Zen architecture
3207:Architectonic elements
2616:Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō
2568:daughters of Amaterasu
2020:Architectonic elements
1139:Structural and spatial
353:Also sometimes called
290:
235:
159:
99:
27:
3708:Shitennō (Four Kings)
3036:Secular Shrine Theory
2951:Shinkai (divine rank)
619:Japanese architecture
282:
229:
154:
103:Japanese architecture
97:
90:History and structure
22:
2486:Fushimi Inari Taisha
675:Imperial Crown Style
252:lit. gable ornaments
113:During the previous
3281:Niō or Kongōrikishi
2961:Engishiki Jinmyocho
2623:Kumano Nachi Taisha
1949:Shinto architecture
1778:Metabolist Movement
336:List of roof shapes
133:five-storied pagoda
3665:Objects of worship
2980:Buddhist elements
2936:Twenty-Two Shrines
1860:National Treasures
1675:Chōzuya (Temizuya)
291:
236:
160:
100:
28:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3745:kei (ritual gong)
3726:
3725:
3547:
3546:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
2547:Dazaifu Tenman-gū
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2213:ishi-no-ma-zukuri
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1234:Nightingale floor
1158:Disordered piling
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
890:Types of building
871:
870:
867:
866:
3833:
3735:
3734:
3558:
3557:
3434:Japanese pagodas
3387:chōzuya/temizuya
3204:
3203:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3161:
3160:
2669:Tutelary deities
2606:Oyamakui no Kami
2520:Ise Grand Shrine
2344:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2276:sumiyoshi-zukuri
2262:ryōnagare-zukuri
1957:
1956:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1888:Other structures
1791:
1790:
952:
951:
894:
893:
879:
723:
722:
630:
629:
611:
604:
597:
588:
587:
582:
581:
579:
577:
562:
556:
555:
537:
528:
527:
525:
524:
510:
504:
503:
495:
484:
483:
475:
462:
461:
459:
457:
442:
436:
435:
417:
408:
407:
405:
403:
388:
373:
367:
365:
364:
358:
351:
307:
305:
304:
256:
254:
248:
247:
216:sumiyoshi-zukuri
77:
75:
69:
68:
51:Buddhist temples
48:
46:
40:
39:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3800:
3754:
3722:
3683:Dainichi Nyorai
3659:
3616:
3587:
3543:
3522:
3476:
3428:
3419:kyōzō or kyō-dō
3370:
3320:
3249:kentozuka: see
3228:kaerumata: see
3193:
3188:
3158:
3145:
3138:
3092:
3076:
3050:
3019:
2924:
2873:
2848:
2728:
2663:
2640:Tsushima Shrine
2564:Munakata Taisha
2540:Shinmei shrines
2513:Hachiman Shrine
2503:Usa Hachiman-gū
2472:
2338:
2319:
2288:
2234:misedana-zukuri
2192:hachiman-zukuri
2185:tsumairi-zukuri
2165:
2046:kaerumata: see
2015:
1968:chōzu or temizu
1951:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1901:
1892:
1854:
1810:Japanese garden
1782:
1756:
1708:
1667:Outdoor objects
1662:
1579:
1470:
1412:
1322:
1308:
1134:
1089:
1017:
943:
885:
880:
863:
815:
714:
621:
615:
585:
575:
573:
563:
559:
552:
538:
531:
522:
520:
512:
511:
507:
496:
487:
476:
465:
455:
453:
443:
439:
432:
418:
411:
401:
399:
389:
385:
381:
376:
359:
352:
348:
344:
332:
322:typical of the
299:
277:
271:
242:
224:
200:hachiman-zukuri
149:
92:
63:
62:"cosmetic roof"
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3839:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3732:
3731:Other elements
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3718:Yakushi Nyorai
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3291:shichidō garan
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Beppyo Shrines
2943:
2941:Gokoku Shrines
2938:
2932:
2930:
2929:Classification
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2760:
2757:Chinju no Mori
2754:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2596:Hiyoshi Taisha
2593:
2592:
2591:
2589:Kotoshironushi
2586:
2581:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2544:
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2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2517:
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2500:
2499:
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2493:
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2329:
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2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2269:shinmei-zukuri
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2227:kibitsu-zukuri
2223:
2216:
2209:
2206:irimoya-zukuri
2202:
2199:hiyoshi-zukuri
2195:
2188:
2181:
2178:hirairi-zukuri
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1940:
1939:
1935:Shinto shrines
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1787:Related topics
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
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1493:
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1243:
1236:
1231:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1178:Irimoya-zukuri
1174:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1146:Burdock piling
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
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1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1070:Shichidō garan
1066:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1008:
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833:
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823:
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806:
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792:
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778:
771:
764:
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684:
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623:
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613:
606:
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584:
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529:
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463:
437:
430:
409:
382:
380:
377:
375:
374:
345:
343:
340:
339:
338:
331:
328:
273:Main article:
270:
267:
223:
220:
208:shinmei-zukuri
148:
145:
91:
88:
55:Shinto shrines
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3838:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
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3648:
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3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3622:Nanto rokushū
3619:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:Major schools
3559:
3556:
3554:
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3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
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3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
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3412:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
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3380:
3379:
3377:
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3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
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3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3046:Shrine Shinto
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:Setsumatsusha
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:Miscellaneous
2876:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Matsuri float
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2801:(propagation)
2800:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
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2717:
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2707:
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2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2652:Yasaka Shrine
2650:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2633:Kumano Sanzan
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2497:
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2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
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2479:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
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2450:
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2445:
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2428:
2424:
2420:
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2415:
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2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
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2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2283:taisha-zukuri
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2241:nagare-zukuri
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:kasuga-zukuri
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2090:kitsune (fox)
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2010:setsumatsusha
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
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1857:
1851:
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1795:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:Organizations
1759:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
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1402:
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1397:
1395:
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1390:
1388:
1387:
1383:
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1380:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
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1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
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1348:
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1334:
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1200:
1196:
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1193:
1189:
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1137:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
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1100:
1086:
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1081:
1079:
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1060:
1057:
1055:
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1040:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1006:Shinto shrine
1004:
1002:
1001:
1000:Setsumatsusha
997:
995:
994:
990:
988:
987:
983:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
967:
966:
962:
961:
959:
957:
953:
950:
946:
940:
939:
935:
933:
932:
928:
926:
925:
921:
919:
918:
914:
912:
911:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
895:
892:
888:
884:
883:Himeji Castle
878:
860:
859:
855:
853:
852:
848:
846:
845:
841:
839:
838:
834:
832:
831:
827:
826:
824:
822:
818:
812:
811:
807:
805:
804:
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
753:
747:
745:
744:
740:
738:
737:
733:
732:
730:
728:
724:
721:
717:
711:
710:
706:
704:
703:
699:
697:
696:
692:
690:
689:
685:
683:
682:
678:
676:
673:
671:
670:
666:
664:
663:
659:
657:
656:
652:
650:
649:
645:
643:
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638:
637:
635:
631:
628:
624:
620:
612:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
592:
589:
572:
568:
561:
553:
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212:taisha-zukuri
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197:
196:nagare-zukuri
193:
192:kasuga-zukuri
188:
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3703:Shaka Nyorai
3673:Amida Nyōrai
3503:Shoin-zukuri
3406:
3402:
3398:
3325:
3213:
3088:Jinja Honchō
3081:Institutions
3000:Whale mounds
2990:
2983:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2866:
2859:
2842:Shinko-shiki
2768:
2704:Yama-no-Kami
2579:Takeminakata
2496:Inari shrine
2478:Head shrines
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2402:
2395:
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2255:owari-zukuri
2253:
2248:ōtori-zukuri
2246:
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2218:
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1714:Measurements
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617:Elements of
574:. Retrieved
570:
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450:
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400:. Retrieved
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31:
29:
16:Type of roof
3766:bussokuseki
3698:Marishi-ten
3397:main hall (
3327:Mon (gates)
3214:hidden roof
3015:Sōja shrine
2827:Arahitogami
2810:Jingu Taima
2780:(locations)
2719:Ubusunagami
2699:Jinushigami
2628:Kumano Kodō
2611:Sannō torii
2574:Suwa Taisha
2535:Jingu Taima
2491:Inari Ōkami
2397:Kagura suzu
2293:Decorations
2040:hidden roof
1475:Furnishings
1102:Roof styles
567:"Nakazonae"
456:January 30,
447:"Daikoudou"
288:Tōshōdai-ji
263:tsumakazari
240:tsumakazari
232:tsumakazari
222:Tsumakazari
115:Nara period
32:hidden roof
3815:Categories
3796:saisenbako
3738:Implements
3488:Daibutsuyō
3245:karesansui
2893:Kanjo Nawa
2682:Chinjugami
2601:Ōkuninushi
2584:Yasakatome
2362:Chōzubachi
2347:Implements
2003:kagura-den
1873:Residences
1814:rock (Zen)
1585:Partitions
1319:Approaches
830:Daibutsuyō
768:Ishi-no-ma
523:2023-05-01
379:References
204:hie-zukuri
165:Daibutsuyō
3678:Benzaiten
3508:Shin-Wayō
3447:hōkyōintō
3382:Chinjusha
3375:Buildings
3316:onigawara
3276:nakazonae
3251:nakazonae
3230:nakazonae
3134:Jichinsai
2966:Chinjusha
2914:Miyamairi
2820:Senjafuda
2790:Kadomatsu
2784:Katashiro
2770:Meoto Iwa
2759:(forests)
2734:Yorishiro
2687:Garanshin
2657:Gion cult
2645:Gion cult
2525:Amaterasu
2455:Tamagushi
2315:Shimenawa
2111:nakazonae
2048:nakazonae
2027:Chinjusha
1960:Buildings
1842:Wabi-sabi
1689:Ishigantō
1497:Emakimono
1432:Daidokoro
1425:Chashitsu
1406:Mihashira
1240:Onigawara
1220:Nakazonae
1059:Main Hall
1046:Hōkyōintō
948:Religious
910:Chashitsu
881:Model of
837:Ōbaku Zen
803:Sumiyoshi
750:Hiyoshi (
719:Religious
576:April 28,
296:nakazonae
284:Kentozuka
275:Nakazonae
269:Nakazonae
147:Influence
82:'s Daikō-
73:keshōyane
3791:miyadera
3786:jingū-ji
3771:butsudan
3573:Nichiren
3513:Zenshūyō
3498:Setchūyō
3457:kasatōba
3407:butsuden
3261:katōmado
3240:karahafu
3104:Futomani
3062:Ō-mikuji
3010:Mitamaya
3005:Kamidana
2992:miyadera
2985:jingū-ji
2861:Kannushi
2765:(rocks)
2751:Shinboku
2724:Kunitama
2557:Tenmangū
2530:Jingūkyō
2508:Hachiman
2461:Masakaki
2383:Himorogi
2139:tamagaki
2118:shinboku
2083:katsuogi
2076:katōmado
2062:karahafu
1657:Tsuitate
1546:Mitamaya
1532:Kamidana
1518:Getabako
1490:Chabudai
1483:Butsudan
1465:Washitsu
1296:Tsumairi
1282:Tokonoma
1261:Tamagaki
1199:Katsuogi
1192:Katōmado
1122:Karahafu
1032:Butsuden
1023:Buddhist
858:Zenshūyō
844:Setchūyō
821:Buddhist
743:Hachiman
393:"Noyane"
330:See also
259:Hōryū-ji
173:Zenshūyō
123:Hōryū-ji
80:Hōryū-ji
25:Kamakura
3750:mokugyō
3630:Jōjitsu
3595:schools
3578:Shingon
3442:gorintō
3341:nijūmon
3336:karamon
3266:mokoshi
3256:komainu
3224:irimoya
3219:hisashi
3124:Hakushu
3024:History
2920:Shinshi
2832:Mikoshi
2815:Omamori
2786:(dolls)
2778:Kannabi
2763:Iwakura
2753:(trees)
2746:Mirrors
2738:Shintai
2709:Oyagami
2694:Dōsojin
2677:Ujigami
2441:Shinsen
2369:Chōzuya
2097:komainu
2069:karamon
1883:Temples
1878:Shrines
1868:Castles
1812: (
1696:Komainu
1682:Giboshi
1639: (
1629:Shitomi
1608:Jinmaku
1567:Zabuton
1553:Oshiire
1539:Kotatsu
1459:Toilets
1403: (
1358:Nijūmon
1344:Karamon
1171:Hisashi
1129:Mokoshi
1115:Irimoya
924:Machiya
897:Secular
796:Shinmei
782:Kibitsu
761:Irimoya
736:Azekura
695:Shinden
669:Hirairi
641:Azekura
633:Secular
402:June 3,
326:style.
180:Fuki-ji
140:rafters
3759:Others
3693:Kannon
3655:Sanron
3612:Rinzai
3583:Tendai
3527:Others
3481:Styles
3472:tahōtō
3467:muhōtō
3462:sotōba
3403:hon-dō
3399:kon-dō
3356:sanmon
3346:niōmon
3119:Misogi
3114:Kagura
2976:Hokora
2907:Misaki
2900:Junrei
2795:Bunrei
2552:Tenjin
2411:Ō-nusa
2404:O-miki
2376:Hakama
2337:Others
2305:Saisen
2170:Styles
1989:hokora
1982:Heiden
1975:Haiden
1828:Ryokan
1821:Kumiko
1650:Sudare
1601:Fusuma
1525:Kamado
1439:Mizuya
1386:Sanmon
1365:Niōmon
1330:Genkan
1275:Tenshu
1268:Tatami
1227:Namako
1206:Kuruwa
1164:Engawa
1109:Hidden
1084:Tahōtō
1064:Pagoda
986:Honden
979:Hokora
972:Heiden
965:Haiden
956:Shinto
938:Yagura
904:Castle
810:Taisha
789:Nagare
775:Kasuga
727:Shinto
709:Sukiya
681:Jutaku
662:Giyōfū
655:Gassho
626:Styles
548:
428:
356:nokoya
310:struts
157:noyane
128:kon-dō
108:noyane
44:noyane
3826:Roofs
3650:Ritsu
3645:Kegon
3640:Kusha
3635:Hossō
3607:Ōbaku
3424:shoin
3366:torii
3361:sōmon
3351:rōmon
3306:tokyō
3301:sōrin
3296:shōrō
3286:sandō
3235:kairō
3109:Harae
3097:Rites
3067:Shuin
2853:Staff
2805:Ofuda
2799:Kanjō
2714:Sorei
2467:Washi
2434:Shide
2427:Sanbo
2418:Gohei
2310:Tomoe
2300:Sandō
2153:torii
2146:tokyō
2132:sōrin
2125:shōrō
2055:kairō
2033:chigi
1835:Sentō
1744:Shaku
1642:washi
1636:Shōji
1622:Noren
1615:Kichō
1594:Byōbu
1560:Tansu
1511:Futon
1453:Shoin
1446:Nando
1417:Rooms
1400:Torii
1393:Sōmon
1379:Sandō
1372:Rōmon
1337:Kairō
1316:Gates
1303:Shibi
1289:Tokyō
1254:Sōrin
1247:Ranma
1185:Irori
1152:Chigi
1077:Shōrō
1053:Kyōzō
1012:Torii
993:Kofun
931:Minka
702:Shoin
688:Omoya
342:Notes
315:tokyō
303:中備・中具
182:'s Ō-
119:eaves
59:eaves
3688:Jizō
3602:Sōtō
3568:Jōdo
3534:A-un
3493:Wayō
3452:hōtō
3414:kuri
3311:tōrō
3271:moya
2886:A-un
2868:Miko
2797:and
2736:and
2448:Suzu
2160:tōrō
1849:Yabo
1730:Koku
1703:Tōrō
1574:Zafu
1504:Furo
1229:wall
1213:Moya
917:Kura
851:Wayō
648:Buke
578:2011
546:ISBN
458:2019
426:ISBN
404:2011
370:Koya
324:Wayō
214:and
67:化粧屋根
53:and
30:The
3593:Zen
3539:ken
3392:-dō
3072:Ema
2390:Jōe
2104:mon
1804:Iki
1751:Sun
1723:Ken
1351:Mon
752:Hie
363:野小屋
169:Zen
131:or
125:'s
38:野屋根
3817::
3405:,
3401:,
2355:An
1737:Ri
1039:Dō
569:.
532:^
516:.
488:^
466:^
449:.
412:^
395:.
368:.
286:,
249:,
246:妻飾
210:,
202:,
198:,
194:,
184:dō
84:dō
70:,
41:,
3409:)
3183:e
3176:t
3169:v
1926:e
1919:t
1912:v
1816:)
1645:)
1409:)
754:)
610:e
603:t
596:v
580:.
554:.
526:.
460:.
434:.
406:.
360:(
306:)
300:(
255:)
243:(
76:)
64:(
47:)
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
