301:"ETR 152, Second Edition: Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); High bitrate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) transmission system on metallic local lines; HDSL core specification and applications for 2 048 kbit/s based access digital sections including HDSL dual-duplex Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation (CAP) based system"
98:(CAP) as an alternative modulation scheme, running on two pairs at 1,168 kbit/s each. A third version of ETR 152, published in December 1996, added the possibility of using a single CAP-modulated pair at 2,320 kbit/s. Later, an international HDSL standard was published by Study Group 15 of the
150:
is used, enabling simultaneous transmission in both directions on each of the two wire pairs, effectively reducing the symbol rate by a factor two. Through the use of 2B1Q encoding, two bits are combined to one symbol, further reducing the symbol rate by a factor of two. For this two-pair 2B1Q
199:. HDSL2 offers the same data rate over a single pair of copper; it also offers longer reach, and can work over copper of lower gauge or quality. SDSL is a multi-rate technology, offering speeds ranging from 192 kbit/s to 2.3 Mbit/s, using a single pair of copper.
183:
to coexist on the wire same pairs. Unlike ADSL, the proprietary SDSL, and G.SHDSL, HDSL is not rate adaptive: the line rate is always 1.544 Mbit/s or 2.048 Mbit/s. Lower rates at multiples of 64 kbit/s are offered to customers by using only a portion of the
158:
Legacy T1 required repeaters every 35 dB of attenuation, equivalent to 1 to 1.2 miles (1.6 to 1.9 km), depending on conductor gauge and other circumstances. Originally marketed as "non-repeated T1", HDSL increased the reach to 12,000 feet (3.7 km) on an
325:"ETR 152, Third Edition:Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) transmission system on metallic local lines; HDSL core specification and applications for 2 048 kbit/s based access digital sections"
91:. The first edition of ETR 152 specified the line code 2B1Q on either three pairs at 784 kbit/s each or two pairs at 1,168 kbit/s each. A second edition of ETR 152, published in June 1995, specified
146:. Higher frequencies are attenuated more strongly than lower frequencies, motivating the use of technologies that reduce the signal bandwidth. In HDSL, full duplex by means of
759:
83:. First products were developed in 1993. A European version of the standard for E1 service at 2.048 Mbit/s was published in February 1995 by the
84:
525:
551:
99:
484:
277:"ETR 152: Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); High bitrate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) transmission system on metallic local lines"
134:, on two wire pairs. Each wire pair was operated in simplex, that is, one wire pair was used for transmission in each direction. The
375:
151:
variant of HDSL, framing increases the bitrate from 1.544 Mbit/s to 1.568 Mbit/s, resulting in a symbol rate of 392
754:
520:
95:
683:
103:
68:
764:
147:
654:
546:
232:
52:
744:
163:
local loop. To enable longer HDSL lines, up to four repeaters can be used for a reach of 60,000 feet (18 km).
749:
561:
477:
541:
442:
Joseph W. Lechleider (August 1991). "High Bit Rate
Digital Subscriber Lines: A Review of HDSL Progress".
426:
324:
300:
276:
176:
713:
470:
123:
92:
43:
services at 1.544 Mbit/s and 2.048 Mbit/s over telephone local loops without a need for
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28:
75:. This American variant uses two wire pairs with at a rate of 784 kbit/s each, using the
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723:
8:
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32:
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24:
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451:
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40:
410:
642:
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222:
738:
36:
80:
566:
556:
455:
411:"The History of DSL Internet Access – A Race for Technological Speed"
127:
119:
349:"G.991.1: High bit rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) transceivers"
139:
44:
79:
line code, which is also used in the
American variant of the ISDN
688:
637:
630:
615:
608:
603:
196:
56:
661:
492:
188:
channels in the DS1 signal, referred to as channelized T1/E1.
67:
HDSL was developed for T1 service at 1.544 Mbit/s by the
708:
424:
192:
48:
677:
649:
593:
180:
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131:
76:
71:(ANSI) Committee T1E1.4 and published in February 1994 as
185:
143:
106:(ITU-T) on 26 August 1998 and adopted as recommendation
441:
175:, HDSL operates in the baseband and does not allow
166:
191:HDSL gave way to new symmetric DSL technologies,
760:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1994
736:
444:IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
27:protocol standardized in 1994. It was the first
85:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
427:"High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL)"
408:
478:
373:
485:
471:
250:"Copper Local-Loop Defunct? No Way! (DSL)"
113:
227:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
155:and a Nyquist frequency of 196 kHz.
100:Telecommunication Standardization Sector
47:. Successor technology to HDSL includes
39:cables. HDSL was developed to transport
216:
214:
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737:
271:
269:
96:carrierless amplitude/phase modulation
466:
317:
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220:
104:International Telecommunication Union
69:American National Standards Institute
17:High-bit-rate digital subscriber line
409:Gareth Marples (11 September 2008).
247:
209:
425:Sean Martin and Alan G. Hutcheson.
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241:
13:
62:
14:
776:
402:
31:(DSL) technology to use a higher
167:Comparison to other DSL variants
755:ITU-T G Series Recommendations
367:
341:
1:
202:
353:International Recommendation
195:, the proprietary SDSL, and
7:
765:Telecommunication protocols
374:Jim Quilici (August 1999).
248:Gare, Chris (August 1993).
221:Starr, Thomas, ed. (2003).
73:ANSI Technical Report TR-28
10:
781:
714:Ethernet in the first mile
701:
670:
586:
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124:alternate mark inversion
745:Digital subscriber line
494:Digital subscriber line
355:. ITU-T. 26 August 1998
114:Comparison to legacy T1
29:digital subscriber line
750:ITU-T recommendations
330:. ETSI. December 1996
282:. ETSI. February 1995
130:, more recently also
724:Single Pair Ethernet
680:(early CAP variants)
122:operated using the
110:on 13 October 1998.
719:Long Reach Ethernet
599:ANSI T1.413 Issue 2
587:ANSI / ETSI / ITU-T
509:ANSI / ETSI / ITU-T
496:(DSL) technologies
33:frequency spectrum
25:telecommunications
732:
731:
697:
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662:G.fast and MGfast
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376:"An HDSL2 Primer"
306:. ETSI. June 1995
148:echo cancellation
136:Nyquist frequency
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456:10.1109/49.93088
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382:. Archived from
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254:Technology Watch
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521:HDSL2 and HDSL4
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193:HDSL2 and HDSL4
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63:Standardization
49:HDSL2 and HDSL4
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650:VDSL and VDSL2
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450:(6): 769–784.
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429:. ADC Telecomm
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403:External links
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386:on 27 May 2002
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51:, proprietary
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108:ITU-T G.991.1
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93:trellis coded
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35:over copper,
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431:. Retrieved
414:. Retrieved
388:. Retrieved
384:the original
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357:. Retrieved
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332:. Retrieved
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308:. Retrieved
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284:. Retrieved
257:. Retrieved
253:
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224:DSL Advances
223:
190:
170:
157:
117:
107:
89:ETSI ETR 152
88:
72:
66:
37:twisted pair
20:
16:
15:
671:Proprietary
535:Proprietary
380:Comm Design
120:T1 carriers
81:U interface
739:Categories
655:deployment
631:G.lite.bis
580:Asymmetric
334:2013-12-27
310:2013-12-27
286:2013-12-27
259:2013-12-27
203:References
87:(ETSI) as
567:DSL Rings
557:Etherloop
502:Symmetric
128:line code
45:repeaters
153:kilobaud
140:megabaud
702:Related
643:Annex M
626:Annex L
621:Annex J
433:23 June
416:23 June
390:23 June
359:23 June
197:G.SHDSL
171:Unlike
118:Legacy
102:of the
57:G.SHDSL
23:) is a
638:ADSL2+
609:G.lite
231:
126:(AMI)
55:, and
709:DSLAM
684:RADSL
616:ADSL2
604:G.dmt
552:MSDSL
526:SHDSL
328:(PDF)
304:(PDF)
280:(PDF)
161:AWG24
689:UDSL
678:ADSL
594:ADSL
562:HVDL
547:SDSL
542:IDSL
516:HDSL
435:2013
418:2013
392:2013
361:2013
229:ISBN
181:ISDN
179:and
177:POTS
173:ADSL
132:B8ZS
77:2B1Q
53:SDSL
21:HDSL
452:doi
186:DS0
144:kHz
41:DS1
741::
446:.
378:.
351:.
268:^
252:.
211:^
59:.
486:e
479:t
472:v
458:.
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448:9
437:.
420:.
394:.
363:.
337:.
313:.
289:.
262:.
237:.
19:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.