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The most important effect of HSR is the increase of accessibility due to shorter travel times. HSR lines have been used to create long-distance routes which in many cases cater to business travellers. However, there have also been short-distance routes that have revolutionised the concepts of HSR. They create commuting relationships between cities opening up more opportunities. Using both longer distance and shorter distance rail in one country allows for the best case of economic development, widening the labor and residential market of a metropolitan area and extending it to smaller cities. Therefore, HSR is highly related to urban development, it attracts offices and start-ups, induces industrial displacement, and promotes firm innovation.
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this track section is a conventional section and in this case the automatic speed limit was said to be disabled by the driver several kilometers before the station. A few days later, the train worker's union claimed that the speed limiter didn't work properly because of lack of proper funding, acknowledging the budget cuts made by the current government. Two days after the accident, the driver was provisionally charged with homicide by negligence. This is the first accident that occurred with a
Spanish high-speed train, but it occurred in a section that was not high speed and as mentioned safety equipment mandatory on high-speed track would have prevented the accident.
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1635:. These Maglev trains still have the traditional underlying tracks and the cars have wheels. This serves a practical purpose at stations and a safety purpose out on the lines in the event of a power failure. However, in normal operation, the wheels are raised up into the car as the train reaches certain speeds where the magnetic levitation effect takes over. It will link Tokyo and Osaka by 2037, with the section from Tokyo to Nagoya expected to be operational by 2027. Maximum speed is anticipated at 505 km/h (314 mph). The first generation train can be ridden by tourists visiting the test track.
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2407:, operating at a top speed of 280 km/h (170 mph). The German ICE train was similar to the TGV, with dedicated streamlined power cars at both ends, but a variable number of trailers between them. Unlike the TGV, the trailers had two conventional bogies per car, and could be uncoupled, allowing the train to be lengthened or shortened. This introduction was the result of ten years of study with the ICE-V prototype, originally called Intercity Experimental, which broke the world speed record in 1988, reaching 406 km/h (252 mph).
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1951:
3708:, which primarily runs off the French grid, emissions from traveling by train from London to Paris are 90% lower than by flying. In Germany 38.5% of all electricity was produced from renewable sources in 2017, however railways run on their own grid partially independent from the general grid and relying in part on dedicated power plants. Even using electricity generated from coal, fossil gas or oil, high-speed trains are significantly more fuel-efficient per passenger per kilometer traveled (despite the greater
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is an advantage over air travel, which currently uses fossil fuels and is a major source of pollution. Studies regarding busy airports such as LAX, have shown that over an area of about 60 square kilometres (23 square miles) downwind of the airport, where hundreds of thousands of people live or work, the particle number concentration was at least twice that of nearby urban areas, showing that airplane pollution far exceeded road pollution, even from heavy freeway traffic.
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1587:(1,834 mi) of high speed lines as of 2024, with a further 211 km (131 mi) of extensions currently under construction and due to open in 2031. The cumulative patronage on the entire system since 1964 is over 10 billion, the equivalent of approximately 140% of the world's population, without a single train passenger fatality. (Suicides, passengers falling off the platforms, and industrial accidents have resulted in fatalities.)
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57:
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2273:: a diesel-powered railcar was modified with a gas-turbine, and was called "TGV" (Turbotrain Grande Vitesse). It reached 230 km/h (140 mph) in 1967, and served as a basis for the future Turbotrain and the real TGV. At the same time, the new "SNCF Research Department", created in 1966, was studying various projects, including one code-named "C03: Railways possibilities on new infrastructure (tracks)".
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3770:). The Tokaido Shinkansen line in Japan, has a much higher ratio (with as many as 20,000 passengers per hour per direction). Similarly, commuter roads tend to carry fewer than 1.57 persons per vehicle (Washington State Department of Transportation, for instance, uses 1.2 persons per vehicle) during commute times. Compare this to the capacity of typical small to mid-sized airliners like the
2307:, with new multi-engined trains running at 260 km/h (160 mph). At that time, the classic Paris-Lyon line was already congested and a new line was required; this busy corridor, neither too short (where high speeds give limited reductions in end to end times) nor too long (where planes are faster in city center to city center travel time), was the best choice for the new service.
2594:, in the same year along its fully electrified segment between New York City and Washington, D.C. The officials favored the X2000 as it had a tilting mechanism. However, the Swedish manufacturer never bid on the contract as the burdensome United States railroad regulations required them to heavily modify the train resulting in added weight, among other things. Eventually, a custom-made
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train was performing tests at 10 percent above the planned speed limit for the line and should have slowed from 352 km/h (219 mph) to 176 km/h (109 mph) before entering the curve. Officials have indicated that excessive speed may have caused the accident. During testing, some safety features that usually prevent accidents like this one are switched off.
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1857:
5714:, are built for 250 km/h (155 mph). But the short high-speed parts and the mix with freight will lower the average speeds. The limited size of the country gives fairly short domestic travel times anyway. Switzerland is investing money in lines on French and German soil to enable better access to the high-speed rail networks of those countries from Switzerland.
4869:, after China relaunched its 350 km/h class service on select services effective 21 September 2017. In China, from July 2011 until September 2017, the maximum speed was officially 300 km/h (186 mph), but a 10 km/h (6 mph) tolerance was acceptable, and trains often reached 310 km/h (193 mph). Before that, from August 2008 to July 2011,
5202:. It is approximately 345 kilometres (214 miles) long, along the west coast of Taiwan from the national capital Taipei to the southern city of Kaohsiung. The construction was managed by Taiwan high-speed rail Corporation and the total cost of the project was US$ 18 billion. The private company operates the line fully, and the system is based primarily on Japan's
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road market shares shrunk from 31 to 7% and from 29 to 21%, respectively. On the MadridāSeville link, the AVE connection increased share from 16 to 52%; air traffic shrunk from 40 to 13%; road traffic from 44 to 36%, hence the rail market amounted to 80% of combined rail and air traffic. This figure increased to 89% in 2009, according to
Spanish rail operator
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broke previous speed records, reaching respectively 320 km/h (200 mph) and 331 km/h (206 mph), again on standard track. For the first time, 300 km/h (190 mph) was surpassed, allowing the idea of higher-speed services to be developed and further engineering studies commenced. Especially, during the 1955 records, a dangerous
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3894:, airspace. A train that is late by a couple of minutes will not have to wait for another slot to open up, unlike airplanes at congested airports. Furthermore, many airlines see short-haul flights as increasingly uneconomic and in some countries airlines rely on high-speed rail instead of short-haul flights for connecting services.
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2621:, and Washington, D.C. The service did not meet the 3-hour travel time objective between Boston and New York City. The time was 3 hours and 24 minutes as it partially ran on regular lines, limiting its average speed, with a maximum speed of 240 km/h (150 mph) being reached on a small section of its route through
2475:. Spain began building the largest HSR network in Europe: as of 2011, five of the new lines have opened (MadridāZaragozaāLleidaāTarragonaāBarcelona, CĆ³rdobaāMalaga, MadridāToledo, MadridāSegoviaāValladolid, MadridāCuencaāValencia) and another 2,219 km (1,380 mi) were under construction. Opened in early 2013, the
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difficult for drivers to identify trackside signalling. Standard signaling equipment is often limited to speeds below 200 km/h (124 mph), with the traditional limits of 127 km/h (79 mph) in the US, 160 km/h (99 mph) in
Germany and 125 mph (201 km/h) in Britain. Above those speeds
1896:, and passenger numbers increased. As of 2019 many of these trains are still in service, private operators have often preferred to rebuild the units with new engines rather than replace them. Prior to COVID-19, ridership of the UK's High Speed Intercity Services had exceeded 40 million journeys per annum.
1571: – outclassed the earlier fast trains in commercial service. They traversed the 515 km (320 mi) distance in 3 hours 10 minutes, reaching a top speed of 210 km/h (130 mph) and sustaining an average speed of 162.8 km/h (101.2 mph) with stops at Nagoya and Kyoto.
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With high-speed rail there has been an increase in accessibility within cities. It allows for urban regeneration, accessibility in cities near and far, and efficient inter-city relationships. Better inter-city relationships lead to high-level services to companies, advanced technology, and marketing.
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has transferred over 360 million passengers until April 2013, and now Asia's third largest with 887 kilometres (551 miles) of rail lines. For any transportation involving travel above 300 km/h (186.4 mph), the KTX secured a market share of 57% over other modes of transport, which is by far
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On 6 February 2020, a high-speed train travelling at 300 km/h (190 mph) derailed at
Livraga, Lombardy, Italy. The two drivers were killed and a number of passengers were injured. The cause as reported by investigators was that a faulty set of junction points was in the reverse position, but
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in Ankara
Province, Turkey. Three cars (carriages/coaches) of the passenger train derailed in the collision. Three railroad engineers and five passengers were killed at the scene, and 84 people were injured. Another injured passenger later died, and 34 passengers, including two in critical condition,
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Noise and pollution: Major airports are heavy polluters, downwind of LAX particulate pollution doubles, even accounting for Port of LA/Long Beach shipping and heavy freeway traffic. Trains may run on renewable energy, and electric trains produce no local pollution in critical urban areas at any rate.
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In Japan, there is a so-called "4-hour wall" in high-speed rail's market share: If the high-speed rail journey time exceeds 4 hours, then people likely choose planes over high-speed rail. For instance, from Tokyo to Osaka, a 2h22m-journey by
Shinkansen, high-speed rail has an 85% market share whereas
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hours (about 150ā900 km or 93ā559 mi), for which the train can beat air and car trip time. For trips under about 700 km (430 mi), the process of checking in and going through airport security, as well as travelling to and from the airport, makes the total air journey time equal to
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Mixing trains of vastly different speeds and/or stopping patterns on the same tracks drastically reduces capacity, so usually a temporal separation (e.g. freight trains use the high-speed line only at night when no or only a few passenger trains operate) is employed or the slower train has to wait at
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as land may have already been acquired for the construction of the other infrastructure. In addition to that, habitats of local wildlife are disrupted only once (by the combined rail/road right of way) instead of at multiple points. However, downsides include the fact that roads usually allow steeper
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in 2011, which was upgraded in 2013 to an average operational speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) and peak speed of 250 km/h (160 mph). The Talgo 250 service has been extended to Karshi as of August 2015 whereby the train travels 450 km (280 mi) in 3 hours. As of August 2016, the
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In the 1990s, China's domestic train production industry designed and produced a series of high-speed train prototypes but few were used in commercial operation and none were mass-produced. The
Chinese Ministry of Railways (MOR) then arranged for the purchase of foreign high-speed trains from French,
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Germany's first high-speed lines ran northāsouth, for historical reasons, and later developed eastāwest after German unification. In the early 1900s, Germany became the first country to run a prototype electric train at speeds in excess of 200 km/h, and during the 1930s several steam and diesel
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The disaster led to a number of changes in management and exploitation of high-speed rail in China. Despite the fact that speed itself was not a factor in the cause of the accident, one of the major changes was to further lower the maximum speeds in high-speed and higher-speed railways in China, the
4075:
On 23 July 2011, 13 years after the
Eschede train accident, a Chinese CRH2 travelling at 100 km/h (62 mph) collided with a CRH1 which was stopped on a viaduct in the suburbs of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China. The two trains derailed, and four cars fell off the viaduct. Forty people were
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High-speed rail usually implements electric power and therefore its energy sources can be distant or renewable. The usage of electric power in high-speed rails can thereby result in a reduction of air pollutants as shown in a case study on China's high-speed railways throughout its development. This
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High-speed rail can accommodate more passengers at far higher speeds than automobiles. Generally, the longer the journey, the better the time advantage of rail over the road if going to the same destination. However, high-speed rail can be competitive with cars on shorter distances, 0ā150 kilometres
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European data indicate that air traffic is more sensitive than road traffic (car and bus) to competition from HSR, at least on journeys of 400 km (249 mi) and more. TGV Sud-Est reduced the travel time ParisāLyon from almost four to about two hours. Market share rose from 40 to 72%. Air and
3523:
While commercial high-speed trains have lower maximum speeds than jet aircraft, they offer shorter total trip times than air travel for short distances. They typically connect city centre rail stations to each other, while air transport connects airports that are typically farther from city centres.
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was inaugurated, with a 260 km/h (160 mph) top speed (then 270 km/h (170 mph) soon after). Being able to use both dedicated high-speed and conventional lines, the TGV offered the ability to join every city in the country at shorter journey times. After the introduction of the TGV
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In 1903 ā 30 years before the conventional railways started to streamline their trains ā the officials of the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition organised the Electric Railway Test Commission to conduct a series of tests to develop a carbody design that would reduce wind resistance at high speeds. A long
895:
The criterion of 200 km/h (124 mph) is selected for several reasons; above this speed, the impacts of geometric defects are intensified, track adhesion is decreased, aerodynamic resistance is greatly increased, pressure fluctuations within tunnels cause passenger discomfort, and it becomes
872:
The UIC prefers to use "definitions" (plural) because they consider that there is no single standard definition of high-speed rail, nor even standard usage of the terms ("high speed", or "very high speed"). They make use of the
European EC Directive 96/48, stating that high speed is a combination of
5209:
Eight initial stations were built during the construction of the high-speed rail system: Taipei, Banqiao, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi, Tainan, and Zuoying (Kaohsiung). The line now has 12 total stations (Nangang, Taipei, Banqiao, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi,
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4094:
In July 2013, a high-speed train in Spain travelling at 190 km/h (120 mph) attempted to negotiate a curve whose speed limit is 80 km/h (50 mph). The train derailed and overturned, resulting in 78 fatalities. Normally high-speed rail has automatic speed limiting restrictions, but
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between Frankfurt and Cologne, are attractive for commuters as the housing prices are more affordable than in the central cities - even when taking into account the price of a yearly ticket for the train. Consequently, Montabaur has the highest per capita rate of Bahn Card 100 in Germany ā a ticket
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The cost per kilometre in Spain was estimated at between ā¬9 million (MadridāAndalucĆa) and ā¬22 million (MadridāValladolid). In Italy, the cost was between ā¬24 million (RomaāNapoli) and ā¬68 million (BolognaāFirenze). In the 2010s, costs per kilometre in France ranged from ā¬18 million (BLP Brittany)
2302:
In 1971, the "C03" project, now known as "TGV Sud-Est", was validated by the government, against Bertin's Aerotrain. Until this date, there was a rivalry between the French Land Settlement Commission (DATAR), supporting the AĆ©rotrain, and the SNCF and its ministry, supporting conventional rail. The
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service between New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. The new service was inaugurated in 1969, with top speeds of 200 km/h (120 mph) and averaging 145 km/h (90 mph) along the route, with the travel time as little as 2 hours 30 minutes. In a 1967 competition with a GE
1536:
After initial feasibility tests, the plan was fast-tracked and construction of the first section of the line started on 20 April 1959. In 1963, on the new track, test runs hit a top speed of 256 km/h (159 mph). Five years after the beginning of the construction work, in October 1964, just
1014:
After the breakthrough of electric railroads, it was clearly the infrastructure ā especially the cost of it ā which hampered the introduction of high-speed rail. Several disasters happened ā derailments, head-on collisions on single-track lines, collisions with road traffic at grade crossings, etc.
346:
High-speed rail is the fastest and most efficient ground-based method of commercial transportation. However, due to requirements for large track curves, gentle gradients and grade separated track the construction of high-speed rail is more costly than conventional rail and therefore does not always
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network. In 2000, the Shinkansen was responsible for about 85% of the cumulative world ridership up to that point. This has been progressively surpassed by the Chinese high-speed rail network, which has been the largest contributor of global ridership growth since its inception. As of 2018, annual
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province killed 40 and injured 195, raising concerns about operational safety. A credit crunch later that year slowed the construction of new lines. In July 2011, top train speeds were lowered to 300 km/h (190 mph). But by 2012, the high-speed rail boom had renewed with new lines and new
2058:
In 1975, a program for a widespread updating of the rolling stock was launched. However, as it was decided to put more emphasis on local traffic, this caused a shifting of resources from the ongoing high-speed projects, with their subsequent slowing or, in some cases, total abandonment. Therefore,
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trainsets under the brand name of High Speed Train (HST). It was the fastest diesel-powered train in regular service and it improved upon its 160 km/h (100 mph) forerunners in speed and acceleration. As of 2019 it is still in regular service as the fastest diesel-powered train. The train
5015:
China has the largest network of high-speed railways in the world. As of 2022 it encompassed over 40,000 kilometres (25,000 miles) of high-speed rail or over two-thirds of the world's total. It is also the world's busiest with an annual ridership of over 1.44 billion in 2016 and 2.01 billion in
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HSR is much simpler to control due to its predictable course. High-speed rail systems reduce (but do not eliminate) collisions with automobiles or people, by using non-grade level track and eliminating grade-level crossings. To date, the only three deadly accidents involving a high-speed train on
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Comfort: High-speed trains also have comfort advantages, since train passengers are allowed to move freely about the train at any point in the journey. Since airlines have complicated calculations to try to minimise weight to save fuel or to allow takeoff at certain runway lengths, rail seats are
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electric locomotives, and began to study and evaluate running at higher speeds. In 1954, the CC 7121 hauling a full train achieved a record 243 km/h (151 mph) during a test on standard track. The next year, two specially tuned electric locomotives, the CC 7107 and the prototype BB 9004,
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came to a rest in the canal, while the remainder of the train came to a rest in the grassy median between the northern and southern tracks. Approximately 50 people were on board, consisting of SNCF technicians and, reportedly, some unauthorised guests. Eleven were killed and 37 were injured. The
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gives a maximum capacity of 2,250 passenger cars per hour per lane, excluding other vehicles, assuming an average vehicle occupancy of 1.57 people. A standard twin track railway has a typical capacity 13% greater than a 6-lane highway (3 lanes each way), while requiring only 40% of the land
1005:
On 23 October 1903, the S&H-equipped railcar achieved a speed of 206.7 km/h (128.4 mph) and on 27 October the AEG-equipped railcar achieved 210.2 km/h (130.6 mph). These trains demonstrated the feasibility of electric high-speed rail; however, regularly scheduled electric
2783:. The maglev train service began operating in 2004 with trains reaching a top speed of 431 km/h (268 mph), and remains the fastest high-speed service in the world. Maglev, however, was not adopted nationally and all subsequent expansion features high-speed rail on conventional tracks.
1586:
After three years, more than 100 million passengers had used the trains, and the milestone of the first one billion passengers was reached in 1976. In 1972, the line was extended a further 161 km (100 mi), and further construction has resulted in the network expanding to 2,951 km
1051:
project to reduce the running time between the two big cities to ten hours by using electric 160 km/h (99 mph) locomotives. After seven years of effort, however, less than 50 km (31 mi) of arrow-straight track was finished. A part of the line is still used as one of the last
5333:
France has 2,800 kilometres (1,700 miles) of high-speed rail lines, making it one of the largest network in Europe and the world. Market segmentation has principally focused on the business travel market. The French original focus on business travellers is reflected by the early design of the
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and the result has been a rapid development of the Chinese rail system into the world's most extensive high-speed rail network. By 2013 the system had 11,028 km (6,852 mi) of operational track, accounting for about half of the world's total at the time. By the end of 2018, the total
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in the early-mid 20th century. Speed had always been an important factor for railroads and they constantly tried to achieve higher speeds and decrease journey times. Rail transportation in the late 19th century was not much slower than non-high-speed trains today, and many railroads regularly
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Ability to serve multiple stops: An airplane spends significant amounts of time loading and unloading cargo and/or passengers as well as landing, taxiing and starting again. Trains spend only a few minutes stopping at intermediate stations, often greatly enhancing the business case at little
3559:
HSR eliminated air transport from routes such as ParisāLyon, ParisāBrussels, CologneāFrankfurt, NanjingāWuhan, ChongqingāChengdu, TaipeiāKaohsiung, TokyoāNagoya, TokyoāSendai and TokyoāNiigata, while also greatly reducing air traffic on routes such as AmsterdamāBrussels, Barcelona-Madrid and
877:
states that high-speed rail is a set of unique features, not merely a train travelling above a particular speed. Many conventionally hauled trains are able to reach 200 km/h (124 mph) in commercial service but are not considered to be high-speed trains. These include the French
4061:, resulting in the derailment and destruction of almost the entire set of 16 cars, and the deaths of 101 people. The derailment began at a switch; the accident was made worse when the derailed cars travelling at high speed struck and collapsed a road bridge located just past the switch.
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Weather: Rail travel also requires less weather dependency than air travel. A well-designed and operated rail system can only be affected by severe weather conditions, such as heavy snow, heavy fog, and major storm. Flights however, often face cancellations or delays under less severe
1662:, northwest of Shanghai. A prototype vehicle was developed in 2019 and was tested in June 2020. In July 2021 a four car train was unveiled. A high-speed test track is under development and in April 2021 there was consideration given to re-opening the Emsland test facility in Germany.
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Short range advantages: Trains may be preferred in short to mid-range distances since rail stations are typically closer to urban centers than airports. Likewise, air travel needs longer distances to have a speed advantage after accounting for both processing time and transit to the
5926:
express trains (the three reaching 125 mph (201 km/h)) are currently the only high-speed services on the American continent according to the American definition, although they are not considered high-speed by international standards. These services are all limited to the
2299:, and operated at 160 km/h (99 mph) despite being designed for usage at 200 km/h (120 mph). It used gas-turbine powered multiple elements and was the basis for future experimentation with TGV services, including shuttle services and regular high rate schedules.
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planes have 15%. From Tokyo to Hiroshima, a 3h44m-journey by Shinkansen, high-speed rail has a 67% market share whereas planes have 33%. The situation is the reverse on the Tokyo to Fukuoka route where high-speed rail takes 4h47m and rail only has 10% market share and planes 90%.
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prototype 02 reached 345 km/h (214 mph) on a half-scale experimental track. In 1969, it achieved 422 km/h (262 mph) on the same track. On 5 March 1974, the full-scale commercial prototype AĆ©rotrain I80HV, jet powered, reached 430 km/h (270 mph).
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In China, many conventional lines upgraded up to 200 km/h had high-speed services shifted to parallel high-speed lines. These lines, often passing through towns and having level crossings, are still used for local trains and freight trains. For example, all (passenger)
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grades and sharper turns than high-speed rail lines and thus co-locating them may not always be suitable. Moreover, both roads and railways often make use of narrow river valleys or mountain passes which do not allow a lot of infrastructure to be sited next to each other.
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began in 1992. The SeoulāBusan corridor is Korea's busiest running between the two largest cities. In 1982, it represented 65.8% of South Korea's population, a number that grew to 73.3% by 1995, along with 70% of freight traffic and 66% of passenger traffic. With both the
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used in most of the national railway network, meaning that the high-speed tracks are separated and not shared with local trains or freight. Although standard gauge is the norm for Spanish high-speed rail, since 2011 there exists a regional high-speed service running on
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all have maximum speed limits of 125 mph (201 km/h). Attempts to increase speeds to 140 mph (225 km/h) on both the West Coast Main Line and East Coast Main Line were abandoned in the 1980s, due to trains operating on those lines not being capable of
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Over 100 million passengers used the Frecciarossa from the service introduction up to the first months of 2012. The high-speed rail system serves about 20 billion passenger-km per year as of 2016. Italian high-speed services are profitable without government funding.
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was the first bullet train and reaches a cumulative ridership of 6 billion passengers with zero passenger fatalities due to operational accidents (as of 2003), now it is second largest high-speed rail in Asia with 2,664 kilometres (1,655 miles) of rail lines.
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The infrastructure is fixed hence the services provided are limited and can not be changed in response to changing market conditions. However, for passengers this can present an advantage as services are less likely to be withdrawn from railways compared to flight
3687:
Travel by rail is more competitive in areas of higher population density or where gasoline is expensive because conventional trains are more fuel-efficient than cars when ridership is high, similar to other forms of mass transit. Very few high-speed trains consume
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were completed in December 2009. All these lines are designed for speeds up to 300 km/h (190 mph). Since then, it is possible to travel from Turin to Salerno (ca. 950 km (590 mi)) in less than 5 hours. More than 100 trains per day are operated.
3900:: HSR does not need to spend time deicing as planes do, which is time-consuming but critical; it can dent airline profitability as planes remain on the ground and pay airport fees by the hour, as well as take up parking space and contributing to congestive delays.
1430:, and the Japanese government began thinking about ways to transport people in and between cities. Because Japan was resource limited and did not want to import petroleum for security reasons, energy-efficient high-speed rail was an attractive potential solution.
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Further development allowed the usage of these "Fliegenden ZĆ¼ge" (flying trains) on a rail network across Germany. The "Diesel-Schnelltriebwagen-Netz" (diesel high-speed-vehicle network) had been in the planning since 1934 but it never reached its envisaged size.
2901:
was launched on 1 April 2004, using French (TGV) technology. Top speed for trains in regular service is currently 305 km/h (190 mph), though the infrastructure is designed for 350 km/h (220 mph). The initial rolling stock was based on
1669:
in Chengdu, the design uses high-temperature super conducting magnets, which the university has been researching since 2000, and is capable of 620 km/h (390 mph). A prototype was demonstrated in January 2021 on a 165 m (180 yd) test
1081:, capable of speeds approaching 160 km/h (100 mph). Once it ran 32 km (20 mi) between Los Angeles and Long Beach in 15 minutes, an average speed of 130 km/h (80 mph). However, it was too heavy for much of the tracks, so
342:
high-speed trains. Countries whose legacy network is entirely or mostly of a different gauge than 1435mm ā including Japan and Spain ā have however often opted to build their high speed lines to standard gauge instead of the legacy railway gauge.
1298:, designed for 200 km/h (120 mph), between Bologna and Naples. It too reached 160 km/h (99 mph) in commercial service, and achieved a world mean speed record of 203 km/h (126 mph) between Florence and Milan in 1938.
1173:, with a regular top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph). Incidentally no train service since the cancelation of this express train in 1939 has traveled between the two cities in a faster time as of 2018. In August 2019, the travel time between
4877:. The speed of the service was reduced in 2011 due to high costs and safety concerns the top speeds in China were reduced to 300 km/h (186 mph) on 1 July 2011. Six years later they started to be restored to their original high speeds.
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As of 2022, there are no operational high-speed rail lines in Egypt. Plans have been announced for three lines, aiming to connect the Nile river valley, the Mediterranean coast, and the Red Sea. Construction had started on at least two lines.
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As the infrastructure can be extremely expensive, it is not possible to create a direct route between every major city. This means that a train might be transiting or stopping in intermediate stations, increasing the length and duration of a
3866:
Urban centers: Particularly for dense city centers, short-hop air travel may not be ideal to serve these areas as airports tend to be far out of the city, due to land scarcity, short runway limitations, building heights, as well as airspace
822:
of about 200 km/h (124 mph) on existing lines which have been specially upgraded. This must apply to at least one section of the line. Rolling stock must be able to reach a speed of at least 200 km/h to be considered high
1512:
was adopted for high-speed service. With the sole exceptions of Russia, Finland, and Uzbekistan all high-speed rail lines in the world are still standard gauge, even in countries where the preferred gauge for legacy lines is different.
1125:
is still in use, almost 110 years after P&W in 1907 opened their double-track Upper DarbyāStrafford line without a single grade crossing with roads or other railways. The entire line was governed by an absolute block signal system.
856:
Existing tracks specially upgraded for high speeds, allowing a maximum running speed of at least 200 km/h, but with some sections having a lower allowable speed (for example due to topographic constraints, or passage through urban
5354:). The system lowered prices on long-distance travel to compete more effectively with air services, and as a result some cities within an hour of Paris by TGV have become commuter communities, increasing the market while restructuring
5108:. Commercial operations had been suspended from 30 Jan, 2020 to 15 Jan, 2023 owing to the COVID-19 outbreak. Parts of the West Kowloon station are not under the jurisdiction of Hong Kong to facilitate co-location of border clearance.
1469:
trains at 145 km/h (90 mph), giving the Odakyu engineers confidence they could safely and reliably build even faster trains at standard gauge. Conventional Japanese railways up until that point had largely been built in the
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was chosen, and fitted, to support 200 km/h (120 mph) rather than 140 km/h (87 mph). Some improvements were set, notably the signals system, development of on board "in-cab" signalling system, and curve revision.
8334:
3306:
In China, high-speed lines at speeds between 200 and 250 km/h (124 and 155 mph) may carry freight or passengers, while lines operating at speeds over 300 km/h (186 mph) are used only by passenger CRH/CR trains.
1444:
Electric traction study department). JNR engineers returned to Japan with a number of ideas and technologies they would use on their future trains, including alternating current for rail traction, and international standard gauge.
4021:. Shinkansen trains have anti-derailment devices installed under passenger cars, which do not strictly prevent derailment, but prevent the train from travelling a large distance away from train tracks in case a derailment occurs.
4056:
In 1998, after over thirty years of high-speed rail operations worldwide without fatal accidents, the Eschede accident occurred in Germany: a poorly designed ICE 1 wheel fractured at a speed of 200 km/h (124 mph) near
2757:
high-speed railway (HSR) in China had risen to over 29,000 kilometres (18,000 miles). Over 1.71 billion trips were made in 2017, more than half of China's total railway passenger delivery, making it the world's busiest network.
1068:
which run from city to city) of the early 20th century were very high-speed for their time (also Europe had and still does have some interurbans). Several high-speed rail technologies have their origin in the interurban field.
11118:
It is reported that in order to unleash the freight capacity of the Handan Railway and take advantage of the high-speed rail transportation, all the EMU trains running on the Handan Railway will be transferred to the Han-Dan
3409:
offers express deliveries within Germany as well as to some major cities outside the country on the ICE network. Rather than using dedicated freight trains, these use luggage racks and other unused space in passenger trains.
2922:, achieved 421.4 km/h (261.8 mph) in 2013, making South Korea the world's fourth country after France, Japan, and China to develop a high-speed train running on conventional rail above 420 km/h (260 mph).
130:. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, lines built to handle speeds above 250 km/h (155 mph) or upgraded lines in excess of 200 km/h (125 mph) are widely considered to be high-speed.
4844:
Many of these trains and their networks are technically capable of higher speeds but they are capped out of economic and commercial considerations (cost of electricity, increased maintenance, resulting ticket price, etc.)
9274:
2138:
5049:
The improved mobility and interconnectivity created by these new high-speed rail lines has generated a whole new high-speed commuter market around some urban areas. Commutes via high-speed rail to and from surrounding
1545:, was opened between the two cities; a 510 km (320 mi) line between Tokyo and Åsaka. As a result of its speeds, the Shinkansen earned international publicity and praise, and it was dubbed the "bullet train."
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remaining 350 km/h (217 mph) becoming 300, 250 km/h (155 mph) becoming 200, and 200 km/h (124 mph) becoming 160. Six years later they started to be restored to their original high speeds.
10427:
5837:, which was made a legal requirement in the UK for tracks permitted to operate any service at speeds greater than 125 mph (201 km/h), due to the impracticality of observing lineside signals at such speeds.
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1318:
at 202.58 km/h (125.88 mph). The external combustion engines and boilers on steam locomotives were large, heavy and time and labor-intensive to maintain, and the days of steam for high speed were numbered.
7037:
5484:
A true dedicated high-speed rail network was developed during the 1980s and the 1990s, and 1,000 km (621 mi) of high-speed rail were fully operational by 2010. Frecciarossa services are operated with
1741:
After the successful introduction of the Japanese Shinkansen in 1964, at 210 km/h (130 mph), the German demonstrations up to 200 km/h (120 mph) in 1965, and the proof-of-concept jet-powered
1590:
Since their introduction, Japan's Shinkansen systems have been undergoing constant improvement, not only increasing line speeds. Over a dozen train models have been produced, addressing diverse issues such as
1154:(286 km or 178 mi), thereby achieving a new top speed for a regular service, with a top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph). This train was a streamlined multi-powered unit, albeit diesel, and used
1331:, developed a streamlined, articulated train that was able to run on existing tracks at higher speeds than contemporary passenger trains. This was achieved by providing the locomotive and cars with a unique
2361:
in 1981 at 380 km/h (240 mph), in 1990 at 515 km/h (320 mph), and then in 2007 at 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph), although these were test speeds, rather than operation train speeds.
2146:
1105:
from Cincinnati Car Company and a some other interurban rail cars reached about 145 km/h (90 mph) in commercial traffic. The Red Devils weighed only 22 tons though they could seat 44 passengers.
3887:
when adverse wind conditions arise. Trains can also accommodate intermediate stops at lower time and energetic costs than planes, though this applies less to HSR than to the slower conventional trains.
3733:
to the airport (42 km) rise to 51% in 2014, compared to 17% for buses and 28% for private cars and taxis. On such short linesāparticularly services which call at stations close to one anotherāthe
2330:
was developed for testing at very high speeds, reaching a speed of 306 km/h (190 mph). It was used to develop pantographs capable of withstanding speeds of over 300 km/h (190 mph).
1899:
The next year, in 1977, Germany finally introduced a new service at 200 km/h (120 mph), on the MunichāAugsburg line. That same year, Italy inaugurated the first European High-Speed line, the
1264:
between New York and Chicago since the late 1940s and it consistently reached 161 km/h (100 mph) in its service life. These were the last "high-speed" trains to use steam power. In 1936, the
3564:, China's largest airline, expects the construction of China's high-speed railway network to impact (through increased competition and falling revenues) 25% of its route network in the coming years.
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All high-speed trains have been designed to carry passengers only. There are very few high-speed freight services in the world; they all use trains that were originally designed to carry passengers.
8179:
2471:
In 2005, the Spanish Government announced an ambitious plan, (PEIT 2005ā2020) envisioning that by 2020, 90 percent of the population would live within 50 km (30 mi) of a station served by
1529:) would provide a new alignment, 25% wider standard gauge utilising continuously welded rails between Tokyo and Osaka with new rolling stock, designed for 250 km/h (160 mph). However, the
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2150:
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trainset. After the Second World War and the fall of the fascist regime, interest in high-speed rail dwindled, with the successive governments considering it too costly and developing the tilting
9519:
3930:
Energy: high-speed trains are more fuel-efficient per passenger space offered than planes. Furthermore, they usually run on electricity, which can be produced from a wider range of sources than
3647:
1335:
system that used one axle set per car end, connected by a Y-bar coupler. Amongst other advantages, the centre of mass was only half as high as usual. This system became famous under the name of
9549:
3919:
cancelled all its Europe-bound flights during summer due to heat. high-speed rail may complement airport operations during hot hours when takeoffs become uneconomical or otherwise problematic.
10617:
3741:
has been enabled by high-speed rail with commuters covering distances by rail daily that they would not usually by car. Furthermore, stations in less densely populated areas within the larger
2764:, was built in 1999 and opened to commercial operation in 2003. This line could accommodate commercial trains running at up to 200 km/h (120 mph). Planners also considered Germany's
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8068:
5319:
In Europe, several nations are interconnected with cross-border high-speed rail, such as London-Paris, Paris-Brussel-Rotterdam, Madrid-Perpignan, and other future connecting projects exist.
4000:. On the other hand, trees next to rail lines can often become a hazard during leaf-fall seasons, with several German media calling for trees to be cut down following autumn storms in 2017.
2941:'s first and only HSR line opened for service on 5 January 2007, using Japanese trains with a top speed of 300 km/h (190 mph). The service traverses 345 km (214 mi) from
8342:
3425:
has inclines up to 40ā°. If a high-speed line through even somewhat hilly terrain is to be usable for freight, expensive engineered structures will need to be built, as is the case with the
1226:, at 124 km/h (77 mph) with peaks at 185 km/h (115 mph). The Zephyr was made of stainless steel and, like the Fliegender Hamburger, was diesel powered, articulated with
7647:
1260:, which was designed to be capable of hauling 1200 tons passenger trains at 161 km/h (100 mph). The S1 engine was assigned to power the popular all-coach overnight premier train
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Xiao, Fan; Zhou, Yong; Deng, Weipeng; Gu, Hengyu (April 2020). "Did high-speed rail affect the entry of automobile industry start-ups? Empirical evidence from Guangdong Province, China".
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Since the 1955 record, where France recorded a world record of speed of 331 km/h, France has nearly continuously held the absolute world speed record. The latest record is held by a
7373:
2823:
4181:
Comparison of high-speed rail and airlines, by year: annual passengers worldwide (in millions). Only systems with 200 km/h (124 mph) service speeds or higher are considered.
1892:
was as a reversible multi-car set having driving power-cars at both ends and a fixed formation of passenger cars between them. Journey times were reduced by an hour for example on the
8247:
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The Metroliner was able to travel from New York to Washington in just 2.5 hours because it did not make any intermediate stops, Metroliner Timetable, Penn Central, 26 October 1969,
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2018, more than 60% of total passenger rail volume. By the end of 2018, cumulative passengers delivered by high-speed railway trains was reported to be over 9 billion. According to
4929:
train (2,653 kilometres or 1,648 miles, 10 hours 43 minutes to 14 hours 54 minutes), which began service on 28 December 2016, are the longest high-speed rail services in the world.
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Delays: On particular busy air-routes ā those that HSR has historically been most successful on ā trains are also less prone to delays due to congested airports, or in the case of
3417:
sees weekly freight services. However, high speed lines tend to be steeper than regular (non-mountain) railways, which poses a problem for most freight trains as they have a lower
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which enabled safe running at high speeds today. Research was also made about "current harnessing" at high-speed by the pantographs, which was solved 20 years later by the ZĆ©bulon
9579:
9278:
11206:
5710:
High-speed northāsouth freight lines in Switzerland are under construction, avoiding slow mountainous truck traffic, and lowering labour costs. The new lines, in particular the
5432:. The 512 km (318 miles) route is covered in 3 to 4 hours with trains reaching speeds of up to 250 km/h (160 miles/h). The 180 km (112 mile) line from Athens to
5633:, Serbia's northernmost city. The work is expected to be finished until the end of 2024, with an anticipated travel time between Belgrade and Subotica being around 70 minutes.
9304:
8104:
7868:
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railways connecting major cities on dedicated electrified high-speed track (although at speeds lower to what today would be considered high-speed rail) and developed the fast
3375:
at a maximum top speed of 270 kilometers per hour (170 mph), between 1984 and 2015. The trainsets were either specifically adapted and built, either converted, passenger
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were planning for freight services along the route. This plan was discarded before the line opened, but since 2019 light freight has been carried on some Shinkansen services.
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10227:
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7959:
6216:
Nikolaos, Demiridis; Christos, Pyrgidis (2012). "An Overview of High-Speed Railway Systems in Revenue Service Around the World at the End of 2010 and New Links Envisaged".
5228:, which allows trains to reach up to 250 km/h (155.3 mph) with 600 kilometres (370 miles) of rail lines. There are also electrified extensions at lower speeds to
5365:, the LGV Est, and most high-speed lines in France, were designed as feeder routes branching into conventional rail lines, serving a larger number of medium-sized cities.
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4857:
reaches 431 km/h (268 mph) during its daily service on its 30.5 km (19.0 mi) dedicated line, holding the speed record for commercial train service.
2530:
in the Bosphorus. The first connection between two continents in the world as a high-speed train line was made in Istanbul. The last station of this line in Europe is
5521:
trains may attain 200 kilometres per hour (120 miles per hour). A velocity of 210 kilometres per hour (130 miles per hour) is permitted on the 42 kilometres (26 miles)
4323:
High-speed rail ridership in the world. Data is from UIC Statistics unless otherwise specified. Only countries with more than 5 million passengers a year are included.
2664:
started operations along part of its route in early 2018. The top speed is 201 km/h (125 mph) but most of the line still runs at 127 km/h (79 mph).
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10479:
1015:
The physical laws were well-known, i.e. if the speed was doubled, the curve radius should be quadrupled; the same was true for the acceleration and braking distances.
13459:
7041:
5361:
On the ParisāLyon service, the number of passengers grew sufficiently to justify the introduction of double-decker coaches. Later high-speed rail lines, such as the
3390:
trainsets to carry goods at average speeds of 180 km/h (110 mph), at first between Caserta and Bologna, with plans to extend the network throughout Italy.
8525:
6003:) was closed in 2018, due to a mix of issues, including poor ridership and track sharing. The AREX was not constructed as high-speed rail, resulting a cap of 150
9753:
7071:
6965:
5805:. At speeds of up to 300 km/h (186 mph), it is the only high-speed line in Britain with an operating speed of more than 125 mph (201 km/h).
13900:
1533:, whilst supporting the project, considered the design of the equipment as unproven for that speed, and set the maximum speed to 210 km/h (130 mph).
9527:
3345:
to ā¬26 million (Sud Europe Atlantique). The World Bank estimated in 2019 that the Chinese HSR network was built at an average cost of $ 17ā21 million per km.
3293:
to be achieved from such a setup as noise mitigation measures for the road benefit the railway and vice versa and furthermore less land must be taken through
13385:
8439:
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7198:
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which contains the longest and the second longest mainline rail tunnel in Germany and altogether runs on tunnels or bridges for roughly half of its length.
2280:
was signed for the construction of two gas-turbine high-speed train prototypes, named "TGV 001". The prototype consisted of a set of five carriages, plus a
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10746:
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and replace the then 30-year-old Metro liners with new trains, so that the distance between Boston and New York City could be covered in 3 hours or less.
1440:'s Electrotechnology Congress in France, and during a 6-month visit, the head engineer of JNR accompanied the deputy director Marcel Tessier at the DETE (
6444:
6417:
2787:
German, and Japanese manufacturers along with certain technology transfers and joint ventures with domestic trainmakers. In 2007, the MOR introduced the
8090:
6813:
915:
Railways were the first form of rapid land transportation and had an effective monopoly on long-distance passenger traffic until the development of the
13784:
8875:
7836:
7621:
3671:
starting operations. Completion of the high-speed railway in 2007 led to drastically fewer flights along the island's west coast, with flights between
11050:
Dong, Xiaofang; Zheng, Siqi; Kahn, Matthew E. (January 2020). "The role of transportation speed in facilitating high skilled teamwork across cities".
9557:
9237:
7242:
4172:
High-speed rail ridership has been increasing rapidly since 2000. At the beginning of the century, the largest share of ridership was on the Japanese
3996:
Airplanes and airstrips require trees to be cut down, as they are a nuisance to pilots. Some 3,000 trees will be chopped due to obstruction issues at
3761:, which provides capacity for 12 trains per hour and 800 passengers per train, totaling 9,600 passengers per hour in each direction. By contrast, the
2041:, were also updated for speeds up to 200 km/h (125 mph). The braking systems of cars were updated to match the increased travelling speeds.
13944:
8059:
7103:
1981:. The version ETR 500 Y1 achieved 362 km/h (225 mph) on the Bologna-Florence line on 4 February 2009, a new world speed record in a tunnel.
1245:
11116:[Officially opened to traffic! Today, many counties and cities in Hubei bid farewell to the absence of high-speed rail!]. 29 November 2019.
9436:
6744:
5544:
The Follo Line southwards from Oslo, a 22-kilometre-long (14-mile) line OsloāSki on the Ćstfold Line, mainly in tunnel, planned to be ready in 2021.
3859:
can be increased by travel to/from far out airports, check-in, baggage handling, security, and boarding, which may also increase cost to air travel.
10923:
Xiao, Fan; Wang, Jiaoe; Du, Delin (18 January 2022). "High-speed rail heading for innovation: the impact of HSR on intercity technology transfer".
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Tainan and Zuoying) as of August 2018. There is a planned and approved extension to Yilan and Pingtung, which are set to enter service by 2030.
1757:
consulted engineers and gave the French National Railways twelve months to raise speeds to 200 km/h (120 mph). The classic line Parisā
5951:
trains travel the whole of the same route, but make more station stops. All other high-speed rail services travel over portions of the route.
5581:
in Russia, which would allow 3-day Far East to Europe service for freight, potentially fitting in between the months by ship and hours by air.
3652:
According to this formula, a journey time of three hours yields a 65% market share, not taking into account any price differential in tickets.
1030:
proposed a high-speed line from Vienna to Budapest for electric railcars at 250 km/h (160 mph). In 1893 Wellington Adams proposed an
10098:
5550:
The Farriseidet project, 14.3 kilometres (8.9 miles) between Larvik and Porsgrunn on the Vestfold Line, 12.5 kilometres (7.8 miles) in tunnel.
10198:
7813:
7308:
5436:
is also being upgraded to high speed with an expected completion by 2026. The route between Athens and Thessaloniki was previously among the
4896:
with a maximum commercial speed of 320 km/h (199 mph), the former two on some French high-speed lines, and the latter on a part of
3167:
2326:
in 1974), a ministry decision switched the future TGV from now costly gas-turbine to full electric energy in 1974. An electric railcar named
8236:
5655:
Spain has built an extensive high-speed rail network, with a length of 3,622 km (2,251 mi) (2021), the longest in Europe. It uses
5469:
During the 1920s and 1930s, Italy was one of the first countries to develop the technology for high-speed rail. The country constructed the
3725:(0ā90 mi), for example for commuting, especially if the car users experience road congestion or expensive parking fees. In Norway, the
2464:
trainsets built by Alstom, directly derived in design from the French TGV trains. The service was very popular and development continued on
14553:
14313:
10125:
8308:
8135:
5882:" for speeds up to 150 mph (240 km/h) and "very high-speed rail" for the rail on dedicated tracks with speeds over 150 mph.
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2333:
After intensive tests with the gas-turbine "TGV 001" prototype, and the electric "ZĆ©bulon", in 1977, the SNCF placed an order to the group
2130:
1826:
8273:
8152:
7381:
7220:
4144:
On 13 December 2018, a high-speed passenger train travelling at 80ā90 kilometres per hour (50ā56 mph) and a locomotive collided near
3478:
Key technologies used in high-speed train rolling stock include tilting trainsets, aerodynamic designs (to reduce drag, lift, and noise),
14548:
14359:
14343:
14150:
9501:
5454:
5225:
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HSR is affected by topography of the terrain as crossing mountain ranges or large bodies of water requires expensive tunnels and bridges.
2745:
2482:
As of May 2023, the Spanish high-speed rail network is the longest HSR network in Europe with 3,966 km (2,464 mi) and the
1978:
1782:
locomotives hauling classic UIC cars, and a full red livery. It averaged 119 km/h (74 mph) over the 713 km (443 mi).
1047:
9587:
7929:
1611:, problems due to snow, and energy consumption (newer trains are twice as energy-efficient as the initial ones despite greater speeds).
868:
Average running speed across the corridor in excess of 150 km/h (93 mph), or 200 km/h (124 mph) for very high-speed.
14584:
14338:
14155:
13529:
11329:
9840:
7286:
5249:
In November 2007, the Moroccan government decided to undertake the construction of a high-speed rail line between the economic capital
3757:
Moreover, a typical passenger rail carries 2.83 times as many passengers per hour per meter width as a road. A typical capacity is the
3422:
3054:
In November 2007, the Moroccan government decided to undertake the construction of a high-speed rail line between the economic capital
2985:. Once THSR began operations, almost all passengers switched from airlines flying parallel routes while road traffic was also reduced.
2914:, which achieved 352.4 km/h (219.0 mph) in tests, resulted in a second type of high-speed trains now operated by Korail, the
2835:
2761:
14348:
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4996:). In European and East Asian countries, dense networks of urban subways and railways provide connections with high-speed rail lines.
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with an operational speed of 350 km/h (217 mph). Operations commenced in October 2023. It is the first high-speed rail in
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also less subject to weight restrictions than on planes, and as such may have more padding and legroom. Technology advances such as
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11095:
10223:
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9034:
8814:
7963:
7309:"Strategic Infrastructures and Transport Plan (PEIT) ā Strategic Infrastructures and Transport Plan (PEIT) ā Ministerio de Fomento"
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The early high-speed lines, built in France, Japan, Italy and Spain, were between pairs of large cities. In France, this was Parisā
4035:
In general, travel by high-speed rail has been demonstrated to be remarkably safe. The first high-speed rail network, the Japanese
3997:
3171:
3075:
2676:
was the only high-speed rail service outside of Europe. In the 2000s a number of new high-speed rail services started operating in
2269:
began to study high-speed services. In 1964, the DETMT (petrol-engine traction studies department of SNCF) investigated the use of
2212:
section has been opened to passenger traffic; the Milan-Genoa high-speed line (Terzo Valico dei Giovi) is also under construction.
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721:
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1627:
After decades of research and successful testing on a 43 km (27 mi) test track, in 2014 JR Central began constructing a
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9638:[Train derailed, the causes of the accident: Ā«A set of points opened by mistakeĀ»] (in Italian). Corriere. 7 February 2020
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2122:
2118:
1219:
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8668:"The Hokkaido Shinkansen that couldn't break the "4 hour wall"! Do customers flow to the plane with a difference of 2 minutes?"
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1121:(P&W). They were capable of running at 148 km/h (92 mph). Some of them were almost 60 years in service. P&W's
865:
Maximum achievable running speed in excess of 200 km/h (124 mph), or 250 km/h (155 mph) for very high-speed,
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1910: The Official Guide of the Railways and Steam Navigation Lines of the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, and Cuba
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set a world record for average speed over an entire trip, at 312.5 km/h (194.2 mph) over 968 kilometres (601 miles).
2807:
1579:
Speed was not only a part of the Shinkansen revolution: the Shinkansen offered high-speed rail travel to the masses. The first
1436:(JNR) engineers began to study the development of a high-speed regular mass transit service. In 1955, they were present at the
802:
775:
5864:
defines high-speed rail as services "reasonably expected to reach sustained speeds of more than 125 mph (201 km/h)",
3078:, was completed in 2018. Future projects include expansions south to Marrakech and Agadir, and east to Meknes, Fes and Oujda.
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Existing tracks specially upgraded for high speeds, allowing a maximum running speed of at least 200 km/h (124 mph).
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277:
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861:
A third definition of high-speed and very high-speed rail requires simultaneous fulfilment of the following two conditions:
844:
New tracks specially constructed for high speeds, allowing a maximum running speed of at least 250 km/h (155 mph).
196:
In addition to these, many other countries have developed high-speed rail infrastructure to connect major cities, including
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14421:
13486:
12298:
10618:"OVO JE NOVI RED VOŽNJE NA BRZOJ PRUZI! "Sokolom" 64 puta dnevno iz Beograda i Novog Sada - PROMOTIVNA CENA DO KRAJA MAJA!"
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2015:
1901:
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joined with ten electrical and engineering firms and electrified 72 km (45 mi) of military owned railway between
717:
281:
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project, eventually linking the 5 largest cities in California, is planned to have its first operating segment, between
5517:
As of 2015, Norway's fastest trains have a commercial top speed of 210 kilometres per hour (130 miles per hour) and the
1917:
hauled train at 200 km/h (120 mph). In France this year also saw the abandonment for political reasons of the
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Garmendia, Maddi; Ribalaygua, Cecilia; UreƱa, JosĆ© MarĆa (1 December 2012). "High speed rail: implication for cities".
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trains. Pleasure travel was a secondary market; now many of the French extensions connect with vacation beaches on the
5101:
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in generator technology and trains themselves, as well as lower air friction and rolling resistance at the same speed.
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3257:
is generally used to reduce track vibrations and misalignment. Almost all high-speed lines are electrically driven via
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229:
17:
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non-tilting trains at 25kVAC, 50 Hz power. The operational speed of the service is 300 km/h (186 mph).
4873:
trains held the highest commercial operating speed record with 350 km/h (217 mph) on some lines such as the
3961:
HSR is costly due to required specialized infrastructure as well as advanced technologies and multiple safety systems.
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but the power stations that provide electric trains with electricity can consume fossil fuels. In Japan (prior to the
829:
Rolling stock must be designed alongside its infrastructure for complete compatibility, safety and quality of service.
13770:
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11147:
5540:
Some parts of the trunk railways around Oslo are renewed and built for 250 kilometres per hour (160 miles per hour):
5281:
Plans in Saudi Arabia to begin service on a high-speed line consist of a phased opening starting with the route from
5130:
Indonesia operates a 142.8 kilometres (88.7 miles) high-speed rail line connecting its two largest cities in Western
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service, hauled at 160 km/h (99 mph) by steam locomotives. In 1939, the largest railroad of the world, the
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10596:"VodiÄ za graÄane koji redovno putuju vozom Soko na relaciji Novi Sad ā Beograd: Cene karata, popusti i pogodnosti"
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rolling stock by domestic producers that had indigenised foreign technology. On 26 December 2012, China opened the
2483:
2188:(Silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 250 km/h (155 mph) on both high-speed and mainline tracks;
2051:, the first high-speed line in Italy and in Europe. It included the 5,375-metre-long (3.340 mi) bridge on the
1134:
999:
713:
97:
11281:
8498:
Campos, Javier (2009). "Some stylized facts about high-speed rail: A review of HSR experiences around the world".
7465:"Amtrak's Management of Northeast Corridor Improvements Demonstrates Need for Applying Best Practices (GAO-04-94)"
6909:
this travel time beats the Contemporary (2015) Acela on the same route, though the latter makes intermediate stops
3790:. If a business or first class section is provided, those airliners will have lower seating capacities than that.
2760:
State planning for high-speed railway began in the early 1990s, and the country's first high-speed rail line, the
2399:, in 1991 Germany was the third country in Europe to inaugurate a high-speed rail service, with the launch of the
13923:
8799:
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1962:
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have the fastest average operating speed in the world at 317.7 km/h (197.4 mph) as of July 2019.
2839:
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8629:
7243:"Alta velocitĆ ferroviaria Salerno-Reggio e Palermo-Catania Messina: aggiudicati lavori per altri 3,7 miliardi"
7172:
6800:"German maglev test track set for revival? CRRC could use the Transrapid Emsland track to test maglev vehicles"
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In France, some lines are shared with regional trains that travel at 200 km/h (124 mph), for example
2831:
2022:
locomotives were the first standard locomotives capable of top speed of 200 km/h (125 mph), while an
2007:
1715:, a French hovercraft monorail train prototype, reached 200 km/h (120 mph) within days of operation.
1405:
The original 0 series Shinkansen train. Introduced in 1964, it reached a speed of 210 km/h (130 mph).
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on some routes, air traffic on these routes decreased and in some cases disappeared. The TGV set a publicised
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for the faster train to overtake - even if the faster train is delayed, thus delaying the slower train, too.
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at speeds of up to 225 km/h (140 mph), and occasionally freight trains that run to central Europe.
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1954:
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1508:)) would make very high-speed rail much simpler due to improved stability of the wider rail gauge, and thus
901:
658:
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285:
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6966:"Class 43 High-Speed Train, also known as the InterCity 125, is unveiled at National Railway Museum in York"
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in northwestern Spain. Connections to the French network exist since 2013, with direct trains from Paris to
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9921:"Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with 600 kilometres per hour (370 miles per hour) test run"
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9067:
8913:
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7265:"Alta velocitĆ Napoli-Bari. Partiti i lavori. Sei miliardi per collegare le due cittĆ in 2 ore a 40 minuti"
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services to provide fast door-to-door intercity deliveries. For example, China Railways has partnered with
3285:
The road-rail parallel layout uses land beside highways for railway lines. Examples include Paris/Lyon and
3163:
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1703:(German Federal Railways), performed 347 demonstrations at 200 km/h (120 mph) between Munich and
307:
217:
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Examples of this include SNCF who codeshares with Air France and Lufthansa's AIRail in cooperation with DB
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4709:
high-speed line. This run was for proof of concept and engineering, not to test normal passenger service.
4139:
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In Germany, some lines are shared with Inter-City and regional trains at day and freight trains at night.
2182:("Red arrow") trains operate at a maximum of 300 km/h (185 mph) on dedicated high-speed tracks;
2106:. Most of the planned lines have already been opened, while international links with France, Switzerland,
873:
all the elements which constitute the system: infrastructure, rolling stock and operating conditions. The
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3700:) and France, with very extensive high-speed rail networks, a large proportion of electricity comes from
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or slower than HSR. European authorities treat HSR as competitive with passenger air for HSR trips under
2999:
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congested as of the late 1970s, the government saw the pressing need for another form of transportation.
2198:
2003:
1994:
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331:
249:
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ridership of the Chinese high-speed rail network is over five times larger than that of the Shinkansen.
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provides a link with neighbouring France with trains running to Paris, Lyon, Montpellier and Marseille.
122:
that run significantly faster than those of traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialized
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take 36 minutes to go across two cities. In addition to the two main stations, the trains only stop in
5503:, the world's first private open-access operator of high-speed rail, is operative in Italy since 2012.
5374:
3584:, as compared to planes, can be computed approximately as a function of the travelling time in minutes
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which leads to dynamic instability and potential derailment was discovered. This problem was solved by
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Una leggenda che corre: breve storia dell'elettrotreno e dei suoi primati; ETR.200 ā ETR.220 ā ETR 240
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from Chicago to St. Louis of 252 miles (406 km), at a speed of only 160 km/h (99 mph).
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7173:"Viaggia con i treni Frecciarossa e acquista il biglietti a prezzi scontati - Le Frecce - Trenitalia"
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opened in December 2008. The remaining sections of the RomeāNaples and the TurināMilan lines and the
1934:
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The next year, in May 1967, a regular service at 200 km/h (120 mph) was inaugurated by the
1553:
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673:
668:
663:
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382:
315:
273:
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182:
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5481:, to run at medium-high speed (up to 250 km/h (160 mph)) on conventional lines, instead.
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had 12 cars and later versions had up to 16, and double-deck trains further increased the capacity.
1268:
entered service, from Chicago to Minneapolis, with an average speed of 101 km/h (63 mph).
185:
with numerous international connections. More recent construction since the 21st century has led to
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10573:"We Took a Ride on "Soko" to Novi Sad ā What Did We Like, and What Did We Not Like? (PHOTO, VIDEO)"
9958:
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briefly held the world speed record for a steel-wheel-on-steel-rails vehicle during the 1980s. The
5155:
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angles. HSR tracks may also be designed to reduce vibrations originating from high speed rail use.
3035:
2788:
2689:
2553:
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2416:
2194:(White arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 200 km/h (125 mph) on mainline tracks only.
2142:
2026:
1945:
1174:
688:
624:
420:
327:
296:
190:
178:
162:
10550:
10272:
7316:
3026:, and the 600 km (370 mi) extension will take 3 hours and 20 minutes down from 7 hours.
2345:
trainsets. They used the "TGV 001" concept, with a permanently coupled set of eight cars, sharing
2018:(also called "Direttissima") in 1977. High-speed trains in Italy were developed during the 1960s.
14008:
13861:
13496:
13397:
13203:
12914:
12610:
12570:
12516:
9082:
6865:
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5809:
4730: : 431 km/h (268 mph) (in China, on the lone 30 km (19 mi) maglev track)
4070:
4014:
3762:
3709:
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2323:
1658:. A 1.5 km (0.93 mi) test track has been operating since 2006 at the Jiading Campus of
1542:
1454:
1204:
950:
693:
653:
575:
134:
14013:
12859:
5954:
As of 2024, there are two high-speed rail projects under construction in the United States. The
5350:
and also the ski resorts in France and Switzerland. Friday evenings are the peak time for TGVs (
3855:
Less boarding infrastructure: Although air transit moves at higher speeds than high-speed rail,
3486:, engine technology and dynamic weight shifting. Notable high-speed train manufacturers include
2846:, once again refreshing the world record for average speed with select services running between
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12878:
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12268:
12248:
11992:
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11739:
10099:"Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing Lead Prospects in ULI's China Cities Survey ā Urban Land Magazine"
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railway capable of a maximum of 200 km/h. Future areas include freight lines, such as the
5199:
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In 2008, high-speed trains began running at a top speed of 350 km/h (220 mph) on the
2731:
2576:
2560:
2358:
2205:. Even nowadays, Italy is the only country in Europe with a private high-speed train operator.
1965:, with a maximum speed of 400 km/h (249 mph), is one of the fastest trains in Europe.
1275:
successors, which are limited to 127 km/h (79 mph) top speed on most of the network.
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897:
683:
580:
449:
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269:
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The United States has domestic definitions for high-speed rail varying between jurisdictions.
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Many of these streamliners posted travel times comparable to or even better than their modern
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2029:(EMU) reached a speed of 240 km/h (150 mph) during a test. Other EMUs, such as the
1462:
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1374:
1253:
1234:
1113:
research ā the first in the railway industry ā was done before J. G. Brill in 1931 built the
1074:
761:
698:
9844:
9190:"Los Angeles Airport Pollutes City Air For Miles Downwind ā Chemical & Engineering News"
9050:"Los Angeles Airport Pollutes City Air For Miles Downwind ā Chemical & Engineering News"
7709:
6685:
4685:
The speed record for a pre-production unconventional passenger train was set by a seven-car
4665:
The maximum speed at which a train is allowed to run by law or policy in daily service (MOR)
4646:
4110:
3903:
Hot and High: Some airlines have cancelled or move their flights to takeoff at night due to
3413:
Non-high-speed freight trains running on high-speed lines is much more common; for example,
3371:
was for a long time the sole very high-speed train service, transporting mail in France for
2075:
diesel railcars. Some 1,000 much-needed passenger and 7,000 freight cars were also ordered.
1596:
1556: – in English often called "Bullet Trains", after the original Japanese name
1027:
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10039:[China's high-speed rail trains send 9 billion passengers: more than 60% in 2018].
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trainset, which reached 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) in 2007, on the newly constructed
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The German high-speed service was followed in Italy in 1938 with an electric-multiple-unit
986:
703:
14018:
13998:
11113:
3972:
Railways require the security and cooperation of all geographies and governments involved.
2826:, the world's longest high-speed rail line, which runs 2,208 km (1,372 mi) from
2526:(European part). In this extension, Europe and Asia were connected by an undersea tunnel,
2276:
In 1969, the "C03 project" was transferred to public administration while a contract with
8:
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13275:
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8091:"Nantes-Laval. Le TER file Ć 200 km/H sur la ligne Ć grande vitesse [vidĆ©o]"
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Today it is possible to travel from Rome to Milan in less than 3 hours (2h 55') with the
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30:"High-speed train" redirects here. For the "High Speed Train" in the United Kingdom, see
11227:
11018:
10971:
10242:
9343:
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was reported by the signaling system as being in the normal ā i.e. straight ā position.
812:
Track built specially for high-speed travel or specially upgraded for high-speed travel.
288:. Only in continental Europe and Asia does high-speed rail cross international borders.
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7472:
Report to the chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. Senate
6562:
5959:
5928:
5897:
5861:
5790:
5732:
started building high-speed rail lines in 2003. The first section of the line, between
4865:
The fastest operating conventional trains are the Chinese CR400A and CR400B running on
4693:
train at 603 km/h (375 mph) on 21 April 2015 in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.
4158:
4039:
has not had any fatal accidents involving passengers since it began operating in 1964.
4018:
3713:
3357:
2653:
2572:
2262:
2067:
locomotives for short-medium range traffic were acquired, together with 80 EMUs of the
1834:
1802:
1779:
1730:
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1360:
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and others pioneered lightweight constructions, use of aluminium alloys, and low-level
636:
63:
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12944:
8014:
4671:
The maximum speed at which specially modified train is proved to be capable of running
3382:
In Italy, Mercitalia Fast is a high-speed freight service launched in October 2018 by
2907:
1969:
1359:
In the early 1950s, the French National Railway started to receive their new powerful
1178:
818:
Minimum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) on lines specially built for high speed
86:
14003:
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13042:
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12019:
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11143:
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10987:
10944:
10905:
10863:
10150:
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9094:
9021:"The Time-Consuming But Extremely Critical Process of Deicing Aircraft in the Winter"
8978:
8701:
8447:
8424:
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where ICEs run as "feeder flights" bookable with a Lufthansa flight number under the
5343:
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3589:
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2400:
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1958:
1884:
introduced a high-speed service able to reach 201 km/h (125 mph) using the
1814:
1659:
1351:
1241:, but at a lower speed than the record, on average speed 74 km/h (46 mph).
1238:
1147:
1031:
38:
14293:
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5311:
3975:
As all HSRs are electrified they require an extended electricity grid to supply the
3120:
2953:
where over 90% of Taiwan's population live; connecting most major cities of Taiwan:
2699:
14716:
13878:
13126:
12936:
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The HolmāHolmestrandāNykirke part of the Vestfold Line (west to southwest of Oslo).
5385:
3767:
3712:
to motion of the railcars at higher speeds) than the typical automobile because of
3664:
3499:
3387:
3376:
2342:
2296:
2219:, the new high-speed train. To cover this route, there's a train every 30 minutes.
2208:
Construction of the Milan-Venice high-speed line has begun in 2013 and in 2016 the
2072:
1725:
1608:
1409:
1315:
1302:
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1222:
set an average speed record on long distance with their new streamlined train, the
1098:
751:
602:
503:
486:
300:
146:
10936:
10528:
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8198:
5740:, was inaugurated on 13 March 2009. It is a part of the 533 km (331 mi)
1805:
trains developed in the U.S. for rapid service between New York and Washington, DC
1093:
which could operate smoothly at extremely high speeds on rough interurban tracks.
37:
For fast railway services with speeds less than 200 km/h (125 mph), see
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13073:
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11298:
Progress with Railway Interoperability in the European Union 2013 Biennial Report
11240:
11137:
11003:"High-speed rail and high-tech industry evolution: Empirical evidence from China"
10901:
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9981:
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8907:
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8178:
Beria, Paolo; Grimaldi, Raffaele; Albalate, Daniel; Bel, GermĆ (September 2018).
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6190:
6094:
5967:
5522:
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4727:
4668:
The maximum speed at which an unmodified train is proved to be capable of running
3952:
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3758:
3726:
3227:
2962:
2958:
2942:
2311:
2161:
1950:
1888:
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550:
535:
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4118:
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that allows unlimited travel on all trains in Germany for a fixed yearly price.
3289:
in which 15% and 70% of the track runs beside highways, respectively. There are
2838:
by 2015, and continues to rapidly expand with the July 2016 announcement of the
2748:. The Chinese government made high-speed rail construction a cornerstone of its
14263:
13187:
13158:
13033:
12998:
12980:
12715:
12595:
12496:
12476:
12312:
12233:
12024:
11949:
11878:
11672:
11463:
11232:
The BCA of HSR: Should the Government Invest in High Speed Rail Infrastructure?
11027:
11002:
10806:"Development of High Speed Rail in the United States: Issues and Recent Events"
10663:"Najseverniji grad Srbije poznat je po bogatom nasleÄu i atrakcijama u okolini"
9841:"IATA ā New IATA Passenger Forecast Reveals Fast-Growing Markets of the Future"
8965:
7841:
6886:
5834:
5656:
5362:
5347:
5339:
5139:
4117:
high-speed line in France, when it entered a curve, overturned, and struck the
3779:
3660:
3333:
3156:
2950:
2949:
in as little as 105 minutes. While it contains only one line, its route covers
2792:
2706:
2628:
As of November 2021, the U.S. has one high-speed rail line under construction (
2580:
2449:
2319:
2064:
2060:
1839:
1830:
1509:
1483:
1223:
1210:
977:
570:
444:
363:
292:
115:
11063:
10979:
9690:
8982:
8180:"Delusions of success: Costs and demand of high-speed rail in Italy and Spain"
6857:
6612:
6590:
3915:
in 2017, which moved its long haul takeoff slot to after midnight. Similarly,
1401:
1343:), and for half a century was the main Spanish provider of high-speed trains.
1101:
designed motors compact enough to be mounted on the bogies. From 1930 on, the
936:
14726:
14704:
13330:
13296:
13255:
13222:
13218:
13177:
13064:
13011:
12829:
12645:
12590:
12185:
12170:
12150:
12145:
11888:
11774:
11657:
11617:
11605:
11498:
11364:
11096:"South Korea closes $ 266m high-speed rail line as passengers prefer the bus"
10909:
10867:
10783:
10454:"Il mercato del Trasporto Ferroviario A/V ā NTV, Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori"
10154:
9734:
9166:
8868:
8705:
8531:. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 2010. Archived from
8451:
6638:"The Shinkansen Turns 50: The History and Future of Japan's High-Speed Train"
6637:
6225:
6040:
6023:
on its opening to free up capacity for freight trains on the slower railway.
5891:
5755:
The construction of three separate high-speed lines from Ankara to Istanbul,
5665:
5660:
5614:
5518:
5407:
5062:
have become increasingly common, likewise are between the cities surrounding
4922:
4827:
4807:
4556:
4551:
3976:
3701:
3404:
3294:
3258:
2891:
2610:
2595:
2461:
2453:
2426:
2376:
2190:
2184:
2019:
1914:
1885:
1822:
1818:
1754:
1192:
All high-speed service stopped in August 1939 shortly before the outbreak of
886:
619:
545:
540:
518:
467:
427:
415:
371:
335:
323:
127:
123:
93:
31:
9636:"Treno deragliato, le cause dell'incidente: "Uno scambio aperto per errore""
5647:
5601:, meaning "falcon") trains connects the country's two most populous cities:
5096:
to the border with Chinese mainland, where the railway continues onwards to
5088:
A 26 kilometres (16 miles), entirely underground express rail link connects
4767:
4723:
As of 2022, the fastest trains currently in commercial operation are :
4657:, conventional world speed record holder (574.8 km/h or 357.2 mph)
4642:, unconventional world speed record holder (603 km/h or 374.7 mph)
2055:
river, then the longest in Europe. Works were completed in the early 1990s.
1825:
to devise a way to increase speeds on the railroads. Congress delivered the
1695:
In Europe, high-speed rail began during the International Transport Fair in
882:
14711:
14616:
14600:
14238:
14080:
13762:
13250:
13245:
13121:
12965:
12952:
12892:
12659:
12630:
12615:
12415:
12399:
12389:
12358:
12338:
12322:
12283:
12243:
12238:
12223:
12180:
11903:
11682:
11590:
11503:
11418:
11381:
10529:"Srbija i železnica: Leti "Soko" pun putnika, sa Äetiri godine zakaÅ”njenja"
9301:"Fatal high-speed train kills 12 young pedestrians near beach in Barcelona"
6475:
5940:
5786:
5626:
5622:
5429:
5388:
entered revenue service in 1991 and serves purpose-built high-speed lines (
4650:
4042:
Notable major accidents involving high-speed trains include the following.
3904:
3829:
3737:
capabilities of the trains may be more important than their maximum speed.
3734:
3503:
3491:
3414:
3311:
2915:
2867:
2622:
2614:
2504:
2392:
2346:
2285:
2246:
2178:
1881:
1708:
1684:
1655:
1466:
1427:
1227:
1193:
1155:
746:
708:
498:
339:
213:
161:. Japan's example was followed by several European countries, initially in
11287:
11276:
10805:
9437:"Death toll from China's train crash rises to 39, including two Americans"
7930:"Egypt's Transport Ministry starts construction of 2nd express train line"
5871:
uses a definition of top speeds at 110 mph (180 km/h) and above.
5737:
2511:
2241:
2086:) project, which involved building a new high-speed network on the routes
1918:
1786:
1743:
1712:
1614:
1041:
1907 map showing the projected ChicagoāNew York Electric Air Line Railroad
1018:
14303:
12931:
12824:
12635:
12273:
12135:
12105:
12095:
11883:
11850:
11830:
11687:
11448:
11072:
9668:
9238:"Folgen von Sturmtief "Xavier": Bahn bestreitet mangelnden Baumbeschnitt"
9135:"Can high-speed rail reduce environmental pollution? Evidence from China"
9081:(Taiwan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (26 July 2011).
8206:
7475:
7448:
6385:
Geschichte und Zukunft des Verkehrs.: Verkehrskonzepte von der FrĻhen ...
6162:
6074:
5693:
4487:
4482:
4145:
3771:
3742:
3693:
3689:
3266:
2353:
2270:
1809:
In the United States, following the creation of Japan's first high-speed
1592:
1110:
991:
954:
439:
311:
8770:
7474:. United States General Accounting Office. February 2004. Archived from
5677:
3897:
3441:
70:
in the background. The Tokaido Shinkansen, which connects the cities of
13980:
13542:
13374:
13003:
12960:
12956:
12948:
12788:
12736:
12575:
12445:
12165:
12160:
12080:
11982:
11860:
11840:
11792:
11759:
11729:
11694:
11637:
11565:
11560:
11523:
11453:
11438:
11413:
11396:
11359:
10856:"Construction to begin on high-speed rail between Vegas and California"
10767:
reasonably expected to reach sustained speeds of more than 125 mph
10036:
6555:"How Japan's Shinkansen bullet trains changed the world of rail travel"
5920:
5688:. Although on the French side, conventional speed tracks are used from
5526:
5250:
5233:
5203:
5161:
5093:
4775:
4763:
4737:
4733:
4173:
4113:
was performing commissioning tests on the unopened second phase of the
4036:
3884:
3398:
3383:
3144:
3055:
2930:
2765:
2673:
2657:
2633:
2338:
2292:
2202:
2165:
1985:
1810:
1647:
1600:
1530:
1522:
1479:
1061:
916:
614:
609:
481:
454:
221:
154:
67:
9550:"El accidente atemoriza a las empresas que pujan por el AVE de Brasil"
9520:"American woman among 80 killed in Spain train crash; driver detained"
8440:"10 Jahre ICE-Strecke Kƶln-Frankfurt: Was 300 Stundenkilometer kosten"
5404:, Germany's flag carrier, has entered into a codeshare agreement with
5380:
trains achieved revenue speeds of 160 km/h in daily service. The
2531:
1218:
On 26 May 1934, one year after Fliegender Hamburger introduction, the
13364:
13260:
12975:
12901:
12793:
12741:
12278:
12228:
12175:
12090:
12044:
12014:
12004:
11944:
11898:
11855:
11845:
11764:
11734:
11719:
11662:
11518:
11376:
10428:"Alta VelocitĆ : tagliato il traguardo dei 100 milioni di viaggiatori"
9133:
Yang, Xuehui; Lin, Shanlang; Li, Yan; He, Minghua (1 December 2019).
8930:
http://www.amtrak.com/the-unique-amtrak-experience-with-many-benefits
8752:
6814:"China's super fast 600km/h maglev train performs its first test run"
5944:
5923:
5798:
5689:
5685:
5610:
5534:
5478:
5401:
5105:
5071:
4993:
4686:
4126:
3912:
3818:
3676:
3290:
3231:
High-speed line on a viaduct to avoid ramp and road-crossing, with a
3018:
2982:
2919:
2677:
2618:
2591:
2281:
2173:
2014:
The earliest European high-speed railway to be built was the Italian
1426:
corridor, congestion on road and rail became a serious problem after
1065:
920:
410:
150:
11699:
9866:
7778:. Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements: 11. Archived from
2563:
passed the Amtrak Authorization and Development Act that authorized
2510:
In 2009, Turkey inaugurated a high-speed service between Ankara and
2284:
at each end, both powered by two gas-turbine engines. The sets used
1679:
1233:
The new service was inaugurated 11 November 1934, traveling between
1045:
Alexander C. Miller had greater ambitions. In 1906, he launched the
928:
trains which averaged speeds of around 100 km/h (62 mph).
100:; China has the most extensive high-speed rail network in the world.
14464:
14288:
13847:
13435:
12745:
12110:
12100:
12085:
12075:
12054:
12034:
11999:
11977:
11939:
11930:
11893:
11807:
11580:
11550:
11307:
10640:"VuÄiÄ: Za godinu dana, od Beograda do Subotice vozom za 75 minuta"
10199:"Melesat di Kecepatan 320 Km per Jam, Kereta Cepat Minim Guncangan"
8901:
http://www.techthefuture.com/mobility/high-speed-train-vs-airplane/
7098:
6745:"New maglev Shinkansen to run underground for 86% of initial route"
6089:
5794:
5741:
5630:
5606:
5602:
5570:
5355:
5097:
5067:
5063:
4981:
4831:
3931:
3814:
3786:
in a high-density single-class layout - as employed for example by
3705:
3236:
3132:
3014:
2970:
2911:
2818:
2527:
2523:
2445:
2111:
1910:
1775:
1758:
1704:
1230:, and could reach 160 km/h (99 mph) as commercial speed.
735:
12674:
9783:
9083:"Taiwan tackles land subsidence with water project ā Taiwan Today"
9068:"Land-acquisition concerns continue to dog high-speed rail agency"
8864:. US Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
8644:"Substitution Opportunities of High Speed Train for Air Transport"
8607:"Substitution Opportunities of High Speed Train for Air Transport"
7374:"High-speed train to make 8 trips daily between Ankara, EskiČehir"
6887:
Remarks at the Signing of the High-Speed Ground Transportation Act
6192:
Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation
5764:
5424:
In 2022, Greece's first high-speed train began operations between
5269:. The first section of the line, the 323-kilometre (201 mi)
3766:(1.0/3.0 versus 2.5/7.5 hectares per kilometre of direct/indirect
3074:. The first section of the line, the 323-kilometre (201 mi)
1422:
With some 45 million people living in the densely populated Tokyoā
907:
National domestic standards may vary from the international ones.
14273:
13265:
13059:
12425:
12302:
12140:
12070:
11972:
11812:
11784:
11714:
11704:
11600:
10782:. U.S. Department of Transportation. 1 April 2009. Archived from
7502:"Acela, Built to Be Rail's Savior, Bedevils Amtrak at Every Turn"
5999:
The KTX Incheon International Airport to Seoul Line (operates on
5669:
5486:
5474:
5266:
5254:
5229:
5059:
5055:
4989:
4881:
4771:
4757:
4706:
4702:
4441:
4436:
4114:
4058:
3787:
3421:
and thus more difficulty climbing steep slopes. For example, the
3394:
3071:
3059:
3023:
2966:
2791:
service, also known as "Harmony Trains", a version of the German
2661:
2645:
2587:
2388:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2038:
1989:
1974:
1861:
1798:
1604:
1448:
1295:
1170:
14681:* An asterisk indicates overlap with conventional services.
9754:"Taiwan HSR operator pitches restructuring idea to shareholders"
9387:"Special Feature Eschede, Germany ICE High Speed Train Disaster"
9205:"Nearly 3,000 trees around Sea-Tac Airport will be chopped down"
8911:
8862:"Fact #257: 3 March 2003 ā Vehicle Occupancy by Type of Vehicle"
8335:"Mercitalia Fast: from October, goods will travel at high speed"
7199:"Ferrovie: Ecco il progetto della AV/AC Salerno-Reggio Calabria"
5752:
is the sole commercial operator of high-speed trains in Turkey.
2842:. In 2017, 350 km/h (217 mph) services resumed on the
2775:, which runs on a 30.5 km (19.0 mi) track linking the
2567:
to start working on service improvements on the segment between
2201:(branded as Italo), run high-speed services in competition with
56:
14513:
13320:
13316:
13231:
13078:
12970:
12750:
12125:
12120:
12039:
11744:
11570:
11423:
8933:
8777:
8153:"ICE-Neubaustrecke: Nachts wird es in Kommunen mitunter leiser"
6069:
5936:
5886:
5745:
5733:
5433:
5425:
5282:
4985:
4817:
4690:
4602:
4597:
4579:
4574:
4464:
4459:
4418:
4413:
4395:
4390:
3945:
3883:
found on slower railways, while air travel remains affected by
3672:
3487:
3243:
2978:
2974:
2954:
2903:
2887:
2862:
2776:
2768:
2599:
2568:
2564:
2515:
2334:
2303:"C03 project" included a new High-Speed line between Paris and
2277:
2052:
1869:
1696:
1628:
1272:
1166:
995:
958:
794:
Multiple definitions for high-speed rail are in use worldwide.
631:
138:
11302:
10722:"The digital railway - progresses to the East Coast Main Line"
8584:"China Southern Says Railways to Hurt 25% of Routes (Update1)"
8235:
Ollivier, Gerald; Sondhi, Jitendra; Zhou, Nanyan (July 2014).
7567:"Full speed ahead for China's high-speed rail network in 2019"
6586:
Kanagawa Prefecture:ē央ć»ę¹åć®ē°å¢ćØå
±ēććé½åøć„ććļ¼®ļ¼„ļ¼·ļ¼³ NO. 11ćę°å¹¹ē·č±ē„čćÆć¤ćŗć®č§£čŖ¬
6418:"The Pioneer Zephyr ā September, 1938 ā Streamliner Schedules"
5748:
high-speed rail line. A subsidiary of Turkish State Railways,
2606:, won the contract and was put into service in December 2000.
2322:
then French Prime Minister announced an ambitious buildout of
980:
built two railcars, one fitted with electrical equipment from
949:
High-speed rail development began in Germany in 1899 when the
347:
present an economical advantage over conventional speed rail.
14202:
14196:
14191:
14186:
13235:
13227:
13198:
13049:
13045:
12888:
12883:
11835:
8894:
8366:"China Railway Corp., SF Express Team Up on Delivery Venture"
5760:
5756:
5290:
5262:
5051:
4973:
4885:
4813:
4801:
4760: : 350 km/h (220 mph) (in China and Indonesia)
4533:
4528:
4510:
4505:
4372:
4367:
4349:
4344:
3891:
3574:
3067:
2878:
2874:
2854:
reaching average speeds of 317.7 km/h (197.4 mph).
2575:. The primary objectives were to electrify the line north of
2548:
2519:
2381:
2314:
substantially increased oil prices. In the continuity of the
2103:
2095:
2087:
1873:
1690:
1638:
China is developing two separate high-speed maglev systems.
1437:
1423:
1369:
1336:
1278:
1161:
Following the success of the Hamburg line, the steam-powered
1090:
970:
530:
493:
186:
142:
119:
75:
71:
10430:(in Italian). ilsussidiario.net. 10 May 2012. Archived from
9946:"Top ten fastest trains in the world" railway-technology.com
8237:"High-Speed Railways in China: A Look at Construction Costs"
7869:"Taiwan's High-speed Rail: It's Been a Rapid Learning Curve"
7680:"China's operating high-speed railway exceeds 7,000 km"
7221:"Alta velocitĆ ferroviaria SA-RC, come cambiano gli scenari"
6445:"The Twin Zephyrs ā September, 1938 ā Streamliner Schedules"
6265:", 21 January 2000, WorldRailFans. Accessed 23 January 2013.
4834:(Frecciarossa 1000): 300 km/h (190 mph) (in Italy)
2910:, and was partly built in Korea. The domestically developed
2197:
Since 2012, a new and Italy's first private train operator,
13007:
12200:
12155:
11769:
11632:
10823:
9985:. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. 17 March 2013. Archived from
7547:
6924:
6000:
5681:
5530:
5131:
4977:
4969:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4076:
killed and at least 192 were injured, 12 of them severely.
3730:
3513:
3507:
2806:
in Beijing. The following year, trains on the newly opened
2304:
2266:
1906:
1747:
1651:
1441:
1332:
1165:
was developed and introduced in June 1936 for service from
966:
879:
597:
14699:
9035:"Hainan moving flights to early mornings to beat the heat"
8272:
Lawrence, Martha, Richard Bullock, and Ziming Liu (2019).
6991:"Intercity 125: Workers say farewell to British Rail icon"
6034:
3527:
High-speed rail (HSR) is best suited for journeys of 1 to
3138:
Operational high-speed lines in Western & Central Asia
2500:
2349:, and hauled by two electric-power cars, one at each end.
1037:
1006:
high-speed rail travel was still more than 30 years away.
13208:
11354:
11282:
World's fastest high-speed trains in commercial operation
9693:[Changes in Shinkansen Passenger Traffic Volume]
8758:
France will run trains free from fossil fuel, says Chirac
7806:
Strategic Plan for National Spatial Development (Summary)
7452:
6285:
6283:
5970:
project is planned to be privately operated and link the
5335:
5293:
the following year. The 453-kilometre-long (281 mi)
5180:
4932:
4654:
2873:
In South Korea, construction of the high-speed line from
2744:
High-speed rail was introduced to China in 2003 with the
2534:
station. An extension to Sivas was opened in April 2023.
2472:
2457:
2396:
2233:
1922:
1913:, designed for 250 km/h (160 mph), but used by
1856:
1618:
A maglev train on the Yamanashi Test Track, November 2005
1379:
322:, have sought to develop a high-speed railway network in
11271:
10887:
10265:
10143:"Intercity commuters are a puzzle for Chinese officials"
8964:
Frittelli, John; Mallett, William J. (8 December 2009).
8177:
6836:"China reveals 620km/hr high-temp electric maglev train"
6664:"Outline History and Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen"
6536:
6534:
5569:
can operate at maximum speeds of 250 km/h, and the
2672:
For four decades from its opening in 1964, the Japanese
13386:
Experimental and prototype high-speed trains (category)
11178:
Shinkansen: From Bullet Train to Symbol of Modern Japan
10177:"Indonesia electrifies railway from Jakarta to Bandung"
9810:(in Simplified Chinese). People's Daily Online Finance.
9703:
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
8836:"Deutsche Bahn: Verkaufte Bahncards 100 auf Rekordwert"
6345:
6319:
6307:
5037:
4784: : 320 km/h (200 mph) (in France and GB)
4083:
2824:
BeijingāGuangzhouāShenzhenāHong Kong high-speed railway
1750:
ran its fastest trains at 160 km/h (99 mph).
157:, the system also became known by its English nickname
11242:
The Second Age of Rail: a history of high-speed trains
11007:
Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
10341:"Uzbekistan electrifies railway towards Afghan border"
9959:"World's longest high-speed train to decelerate a bit"
9894:
railways, UIC-International union of (13 March 2022).
9610:"Italy train crash: Two dead in high-speed derailment"
8815:
Rekordmange kollektivreisende til og fra Oslo Lufthavn
7765:"High Speed Rail Construction of Korea and Its Impact"
6295:
6280:
6149:
6147:
3944:
HSR usually requires land acquisition, for example in
3393:
In some countries, high-speed rail is integrated with
2421:
837:(UIC) identifies three categories of high-speed rail:
189:
taking a leading role in high-speed rail. As of 2023,
14688:
6858:"Le Capitole ā 1969 SNCF Ferroviaire / French Trains"
6531:
4824: : 305 km/h (190 mph) (in South Korea)
3955:, where expensive fixes sent costs soaring in Taiwan.
3601:
3265:, and use advanced switches using very low entry and
2318:"energy self-sufficiency" and nuclear-energy policy (
10480:"Trenitalia: Dal 2013 a rischio il trasporto locale"
9502:"China begins to restore 350 km/h bullet train"
9481:"More high-speed trains slow down to improve safety"
9275:"ICE train slashed open by garbage truck in Germany"
9116:"Time to End Obama's Costly High-Speed Rail Program"
7148:"Special report: A European high-speed rail network"
6940:"Special report: A European high-speed rail network"
6775:"Japan produces next generation of train technology"
6268:
6030:
5982:
area, with service set to begin in as soon as 2028.
3580:
According to Peter Jorritsma, the rail market share
3281:
A German high-speed line being built along a highway
2452:, differing from all other Spanish lines which used
2237:
One power-car of the gas-turbine prototype "TGV 001"
2172:. Trains are divided into three categories (called "
1845:
1691:
First demonstrations at 200 km/h (120 mph)
1417:
1346:
193:
accounted for over two-thirds of the world's total.
10009:"Length of Beijing-HK rail network same as Equator"
8946:Narayanan, V.G.; Batta, George (13 December 2001).
8526:"European high-speed rail ā An easy way to connect"
6725:
6144:
5220:
Rail transport in Uzbekistan Ā§ High speed rail
4009:high-speed tracks in revenue service were the 1998
3729:has made the rail market share for passengers from
3642:{\displaystyle s={1 \over 0.031\times 1.016^{t}+1}}
2934:
Taiwan high-speed rail, derived from the Shinkansen
2522:route, and the Eskisehir line has been extended to
2257:
The TGV at 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) in 2007
1838:powered Metroliner on Penn Central's mainline, the
1322:
1301:In Great Britain in the same year, the streamlined
8876:"Trains or planes? The great European travel test"
8630:Spain's High-Speed Rail Offers Guideposts for U.S.
8309:"Japanese high speed rail freight services expand"
8234:
8058:
7989:"'Africa's fastest train' steams ahead in Morocco"
7428:
5224:Uzbekistan has a single high-speed rail line, the
5104:. A depot and the stabling sidings are located in
4661:There are several definitions of "maximum speed":
3641:
1599:, lines with lower patronage ("Mini shinkansen"),
1129:
10126:"High-Speed Railways in China: A Look at Traffic"
9913:
9463:"Decision to slow trains met with mixed response"
7960:"Moroccan high-speed line to open in spring 2018"
7837:"Romance of rail jeopardises domestic air routes"
7816:, Government of Taiwan. June 2010. pp. 28ā34
6382:Dienel, Hans-Liudger; Trischler, Helmuth (1997).
5198:Taiwan has a single northāsouth high-speed line,
4907:, maximum speed is 310 km/h (193 mph).
4804: : 320 km/h (200 mph) (in Germany)
3782:which has an absolute maximum seated capacity of
3114:Operational high-speed lines in the United States
1574:
14724:
8963:
7877:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
7622:"World's Longest Fast Train Line Opens in China"
6794:
6792:
6215:
5668:with special trains that connects the cities of
5629:. The line is currently being extended to reach
4778: : 320 km/h (200 mph) (in France)
4017:(in which speed was not a factor), and the 2020
3948:, US, where it was caught up in legal paperwork.
1876:, the first high-speed railway opened in Europe.
1699:in June 1965, when Dr Ćpfering, the director of
9822:"Air transport, passengers carried | Data"
9628:
8775:emissions by taking the train, by up to 90%..."
8056:
7648:"Beijing ā Guangzhou high speed line completed"
7614:
7040:. Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. Archived from
6613:"Shinkansen | Summary & Facts | Britannica"
6589:(in Japanese). Pref.kanagawa.jp. Archived from
6546:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6381:
5966:, begin passenger service as soon as 2030. The
5239:
4960:China Railway High-speed train passing through
4810: : 310 km/h (190 mph) (in Spain)
2988:
2586:Amtrak started testing two trains, the Swedish
2156:The main public operator of high-speed trains (
1557:
10957:
9977:"320-km/h Hayabusa matches world speed record"
9359:
8945:
8060:"China on track to be world's biggest network"
6802:. International Railway Journal. 6 April 2021.
6505:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6487:
6245:, Rand McNally & Company Publishing, 1910,
4880:Other fast conventional trains are the French
4133:
3174:) high-speed lines in South and Southeast Asia
1842:set a record of 275 km/h (171 mph).
1821:infrastructure building initiatives asked the
1564:
1449:First narrow-gauge Japanese high-speed service
13778:
12690:
11323:
11272:US high-speed rail Association official site
11234:. Vol. 2. Berkeley Press. pp. 1ā28.
11230:. In Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis (ed.).
11049:
10506:"Alta velocitĆ e concorrenza: parte la sfida"
10063:"China powers ahead as new entrants clock in"
9496:
9494:
9362:"Opinion: Why high-speed rail is safe, smart"
8727:"Taipei-Kaohsiung flights end ā Taipei Times"
8558:"High-speed rail cuts into airlines' success"
7814:Council for Economic Planning and Development
7728:"China powers ahead as new entrants clock in"
7533:
6789:
1665:An incompatible system has been developed at
769:
78:, was the world's first high-speed rail line.
13792:
10772:
10363:"Bridge near KAIA to be removed in 2 months"
9602:
9220:"Nach HerbststĆ¼rmen ā Die Bahn und der Baum"
9099:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8694:"Bullet Train Challenges Airlines in Taiwan"
8293:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
7828:
7140:
5405:
5395:
5389:
4098:
3402:
3272:
2640:in Texas, higher-speed rail projects in the
2636:, and advanced planning by a company called
1827:High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965
1516:
976:The Van der Zypen & Charlier company of
9969:
9132:
8641:
8604:
7493:
7118:
6666:. Central Japan Railway Company. March 2010
6484:
6256:Electrical Train MarienfeldeāZossen in 1901
5767:line to the launch stage, form part of the
5257:, one of the largest harbour cities on the
4712:
3062:, one of the largest harbour cities on the
1979:Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station
1674:
1385:
1048:Chicago-New York Electric Air Line Railroad
13785:
13771:
12697:
12683:
11330:
11316:
10922:
10526:
10403:"First high-speed trains to run in Greece"
9491:
9254:
8967:High Speed Rail (HSR) in the United States
8833:
8391:"ic:kurier: Rail courier service by train"
8246:. China Transport Topics. The World Bank.
7404:"Ankara Sivas High-speed line inaugurated"
6436:
6409:
6184:
6182:
6180:
5533:and a part of the main line northwards to
3348:
3203: 200ā230 km/h (124ā143 mph)
3196: 240ā260 km/h (149ā162 mph)
3190: 270ā300 km/h (168ā186 mph)
3184: 310ā350 km/h (193ā217 mph)
2125:partially opened in February 2006 and the
1279:Italian electric and the last steam record
776:
762:
11156:
11071:
11026:
10720:MIRSE, David Bickell (15 November 2018).
10685:"Brzim vozom do Subotice do kraja godine"
10551:"PojaÄani polasci "sokola" tokom vikenda"
10031:
10029:
9303:. Bild.de. 17 August 2010. Archived from
9277:. Bild.de. 17 August 2010. Archived from
9217:
8834:Schlesiger, Christian (12 January 2018).
8797:
8414:
7527:"Construction Activities Interactive Map"
7128:(in Italian). Repubblica. 4 February 2009
7126:"Due record in prova per il Frecciarossa"
7064:"Frecciarossa 1000 Very High-Speed Train"
6519:
6442:
6415:
6351:
6325:
6313:
6301:
6289:
5895:(reaching 150 mph (240 km/h)),
5289:followed up with the rest of the line to
4840:: 300 km/h (190 mph) (in Italy)
4798:: 320 km/h (200 mph) (in Japan)
3150:Operational high-speed lines in East Asia
2834:. The network set a target to create the
2779:, the city's financial district, and the
2667:
2288:, which reduce drag and increase safety.
2044:On 25 June 1970, work was started on the
1650:technology and is being developed by the
1077:built a railcar for the traction magnate
1055:
1009:
10739:
10660:
9951:
9893:
9729:
9727:
9657:
9655:
9653:
9257:"Deutsche Bahn: Die SƤge nach dem Sturm"
9080:
8363:
8105:"Filderdialog Auswirkungen Mischverkehr"
7762:
7710:"China Relaunches World's Fastest Train"
7013:"Passenger rail usage | ORR Data Portal"
6688:. East Japan Railway Company. March 2011
6188:
5646:
5453:
5310:
5126:KCIC400AF, Indonesian variant of CR400AF
5121:
5036:
4948:
4675:
4645:
4634:
4064:
4045:
3774:which in a high-density arrangement has
3719:
3514:Comparison with other modes of transport
3276:
3242:
3226:
2929:
2861:
2656:. The private higher speed rail venture
2652:, as well as upgrades on the high-speed
2547:
2499:
2477:PerpignanāBarcelona high-speed rail line
2420:
2375:
2252:
2240:
2232:
1984:
1968:
1949:
1855:
1797:
1753:In 1966, French Infrastructure Minister
1724:
1678:
1613:
1541:, the first modern high-speed rail, the
1408:
1400:
1389:
1350:
1282:
1203:
1199:
1133:
1036:
1017:
935:
904:becomes necessary or legally mandatory.
11204:
11135:
11000:
10747:"US Code Title 49 Ā§ 26105 āDefinitions"
10661:BlaževiÄ, Aleksandra (29 August 2023).
10277:(in Korean). Hankyung.com. 1 April 2013
9202:
8673:(in Japanese). J-Cast. 18 December 2015
8550:
8473:"Deutschlands lƤngster Eisenbahntunnel"
8244:Documents & Reports: The World Bank
7861:
7457:
6520:Picard, Jean FranƧois; Beltran, Alain.
6339:"Built to Last: J.G. Brill's 'Bullets'"
6274:
6248:
6189:Pyrgidis, Christos N. (21 April 2016).
6177:
5261:. The line will also serve the capital
5226:TashkentāSamarkand high-speed rail line
4152:
3314:is also used by regional trains run by
3066:. The line will also serve the capital
3013:344 km (214 mi) service from
2746:QinhuangdaoāShenyang high-speed railway
2460:rail service to begin operations using
1793:
1631:Shinkansen line, which is known as the
1341:Tren Articulado Ligero Goicoechea Oriol
1146:company introduced the diesel-powered "
805:) defines high-speed rail in terms of:
14:
14725:
13840:
11238:
11225:
10836:. California High-Speed Rail Authority
10593:
10026:
9889:
9887:
9807:éč·Æ2014幓ęčµ8088äŗæå
č¶
é¢å®ęå
Øå¹“č®”å--č“¢ē»--äŗŗę°ē½
8959:
8957:
8497:
8315:. DVV Media International. 5 June 2024
7957:
7763:Cho, Nam-Geon; Chung, Jin-Kyu (2008).
7552:(in Simplified Chinese). 5 March 2014.
6963:
5315:Operational high-speed lines in Europe
5090:Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station
4933:Existing systems by country and region
4860:
4680:
3126:Operational high-speed lines in Europe
2762:QinhuangdaoāShenyang Passenger Railway
2752:in order to combat the effects of the
2352:In 1981, the first section of the new
1928:
1840:United Aircraft Corporation TurboTrain
1622:
1453:In 1957, the engineers at the private
1355:The French CC 7100, 1955 record holder
1347:First above 300 km/h developments
1073:series of tests was carried. In 1905,
803:Trans-European high-speed rail network
334:managed to develop high-speed rail in
133:The first high-speed rail system, the
13766:
12678:
11311:
11001:Xiao, Fan; Lin, Jen-Jia (June 2021).
10719:
10482:(in Italian). SkyTG24. Archived from
10338:
9900:UIC ā International union of railways
9724:
9650:
9255:Djahangard, Susan (12 October 2017).
8274:"China's High-Speed Rail Development"
8071:from the original on 10 December 2022
7983:
7981:
7953:
7951:
7561:
7559:
6868:from the original on 11 December 2021
6552:
5985:
5781:High-speed rail in the United Kingdom
3923:Noise also is an issue for residents.
2683:
2141:(connected to Sicily with the future
1852:High-speed rail in the United Kingdom
1833:support and helped to create regular
1465:EMU. This EMU set a world record for
987:Allgemeine ElektrizitƤts-Gesellschaft
169:line, followed shortly thereafter by
13820:
11337:
11174:
10314:"Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation"
10123:
9712:from the original on 22 January 2013
9187:
9047:
8992:from the original on 14 January 2023
8692:Lew, Alexander (11 September 2007).
8253:from the original on 2 December 2020
7834:
7340:
6731:
6540:
6218:Rail Engineering International (REI)
5852:High-speed rail in the United States
5271:KenitraāTangier high-speed rail line
4848:
4696:
4084:2013 Santiago de Compostela accident
3998:SeattleāTacoma International Airport
3797:
3682:
3436:
3401:for high-speed cargo deliveries and
3076:KenitraāTangier high-speed rail line
2613:" and linked Boston, New York City,
2544:High-speed rail in the United States
2405:HannoverāWĆ¼rzburg high-speed railway
2137:Other proposed high-speed lines are
944:
291:High-speed trains mostly operate on
27:Fastest rail-based transport systems
13748:Proposed high-speed rail by country
12704:
11175:Hood, Christopher (18 April 2006).
10594:MartaÄ, Isidora (23 October 2022).
10527:StevanoviÄ, Nemanja (18 May 2022).
10043:. Phoenix New Media. 1 January 2019
9884:
9580:"Test train catastrophe on LGV Est"
9572:
8954:
8691:
8437:
7879:. 26 September 2007. Archived from
7499:
6080:Proposed high-speed rail by country
5032:BeijingāShanghai high-speed railway
4945:Proposed high-speed rail by country
4910:
4149:were treated in several hospitals.
4109:On 14 November 2015, a specialised
3518:
3094:Proposed high-speed rail by country
2857:
2844:BeijingāShanghai high-speed railway
2711:BeijingāShanghai high-speed railway
2442:MadridāSeville high-speed rail line
2090:ā (BolognaāFlorenceāRomeāNaples) ā
24:
12502:Transit-oriented development (TOD)
11197:
10642:. mojnovisad.com. 21 December 2023
10037:"äøå½é«éåØč½¦ē»åéę
客90äŗæäŗŗꬔļ¼2018幓å ęÆč¶
60ļ¼
_å¤å°ē½"
9586:. 16 November 2015. Archived from
8670:ć4ęéć®å£ćåććŖćć£ćåęµ·éę°å¹¹ē·ļ¼2åéćć§é£č”ę©ć«å®¢ęµććļ¼
8632:, The New York Times, 29 May 2009.
8415:Silvester, Katie (December 2011).
7978:
7948:
7686:. 27 November 2012. Archived from
7624:. Associated Press. Archived from
7556:
7433:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
7287:"Treno ad alta velocitĆ Le Frecce"
7106:from the original on 5 August 2020
7094:"French Train Breaks Speed Record"
7074:from the original on 9 August 2015
6964:Baylis, Simon (11 November 2019).
6920:"High Speed Rail Transportation I"
6561:. Associated Press. Archived from
6155:"General definitions of highspeed"
6125:. 27 February 2020. Archived from
5947:, and Washington, D.C., and while
5845:
5785:The UK's fastest high-speed line (
5605:, the capital of the country, and
4875:WuhanāGuangzhou high-speed railway
3698:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
2836:4+4 National high-speed rail Grid
2808:WuhanāGuangzhou high-speed railway
2598:derived from TGV, manufactured by
2514:. This has been followed up by an
2078:In the 1990s, work started on the
1413:E6 and E5 series Shinkansen models
145:, in 1964. Due to the streamlined
25:
14754:
12723:
11265:
10753:. 1 February 2010. Archived from
10245:, Triplepoint. Boston University.
9203:Pittman, Mitch (12 August 2016).
7835:Chen, Melody (4 September 2008).
5774:
5276:
4090:Santiago de Compostela derailment
3907:conditions. Such is the case for
3849:
3427:Hannover WĆ¼rzburg high-speed line
3423:Frankfurt Cologne high speed line
2918:. The next generation KTX train,
2840:8+8 National high-speed rail Grid
2800:BeijingāTianjin intercity railway
2143:bridge over the Strait of Messina
1846:United Kingdom, Italy and Germany
1711:hauled trains. The same year the
1548:The first Shinkansen trains, the
1482:, however widening the tracks to
1418:Japanese research and development
1256:introduced a duplex steam engine
1119:Philadelphia and Western Railroad
984:, the second with equipment from
931:
14710:
14698:
13819:
13810:
13809:
13406:List of high-speed railway lines
12658:
12512:Transportation demand management
11303:Train speed test - official site
11286:
11106:
11088:
11043:
10994:
10951:
10916:
10881:
10848:
10811:. Congressional Research Service
10798:
10780:"High-Speed Rail Strategic Plan"
10713:
10699:
10677:
10654:
10632:
10610:
10587:
10565:
10543:
10520:
10498:
10472:
10446:
10420:
10395:
10386:
10377:
10355:
10332:
10306:
10289:
10248:
10236:
10217:
10191:
10168:
10135:
10117:
10091:
10055:
10001:
9939:
9896:"High-Speed Databases and Atlas"
9859:
9838:
9832:
9814:
9798:
9772:
9746:
9683:
9542:
9512:
9473:
9455:
9429:
9404:
9379:
9353:
9336:
9319:
9293:
9267:
9248:
9230:
9211:
9196:
9181:
9126:
9107:
9074:
9060:
9041:
9027:
9013:
9004:
8939:
8854:
8827:
8808:
8791:
8763:
8745:
8719:
8685:
8660:
8635:
8623:
8598:
8423:. Cambridge: CPL. Archived from
8057:Jamil Anderlini (5 April 2010).
7595:2017幓äøå½éč·Æęčµ8010äŗæå
ęäŗ§ę°ēŗæ3038å
¬é-äøę°ē½
6060:List of high-speed railway lines
6033:
5840:
5400:), and unmodified legacy lines.
4939:List of high-speed railway lines
4596:
4573:
4550:
4527:
4504:
4481:
4458:
4435:
4412:
4389:
4366:
4343:
3938:
3802:
3567:
3440:
3432:
3301:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3107:
3088:List of high-speed railway lines
2723:
2698:
2537:
2016:FlorenceāRome high-speed railway
1323:Introduction of the Talgo system
1144:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
1000:Experimental three-phase railcar
745:
370:
310:. However, certain regions with
98:Beijing Chaoyang railway station
85:
55:
11245:. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK:
9927:. United Kingdom. 21 April 2015
9360:Yonah Freemark (26 July 2013).
9113:
8801:The Economical Environmentalist
8756:, Friday, 6 January 2006, p54.
8576:
8518:
8491:
8465:
8431:
8408:
8383:
8357:
8327:
8301:
8265:
8228:
8171:
8145:
8128:
8114:
8097:
8083:
8050:
8034:. J.H. Crawford. Archived from
8024:
8007:
7922:
7895:
7797:
7756:
7720:
7702:
7672:
7640:
7586:
7519:
7421:
7396:
7366:
7331:"High speed lines in the world"
7323:
7301:
7279:
7257:
7235:
7213:
7191:
7165:
7086:
7056:
7030:
7005:
6983:
6957:
6932:
6912:
6899:
6880:
6850:
6828:
6806:
6767:
6737:
6700:
6678:
6656:
6630:
6605:
6577:
6463:
6375:
6367:. Deutsche Bahn. Archived from
6357:
6331:
6159:International Union of Railways
6123:International Union of Railways
6116:"High Speed Lines in the World"
6021:WuhanāShiyan high-speed railway
6007:on KTX service in its section.
5869:Federal Railroad Administration
5771:'s strategic aims and targets.
5567:Saint PetersburgāMoscow Railway
5213:
3247:A German high-speed line, with
3222:
2993:
2789:China Railways High-speed (CRH)
2736:Luoyang Longmen railway station
1963:Milano Centrale railway station
1829:which passed with overwhelming
1138:The German Fliegender Hamburger
1130:Early German high-speed network
998:line during 1902 and 1903 (see
990:(AEG), that were tested on the
875:International Union of Railways
835:International Union of Railways
181:. Today, much of Europe has an
66:high-speed line in Japan, with
11128:
10892:. Current Research on Cities.
8975:Congressional Research Service
7901:
7038:"Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures"
6553:Jones, Ben (2 December 2019).
6239:Official Guide of the Railways
6232:
6209:
6108:
5876:Congressional Research Service
5763:, as well as taking an Ankaraā
5706:High-speed rail in Switzerland
5699:
5175:High-speed rail in South Korea
5168:
3817:format but may read better as
3386:. It uses converted passenger
3022:train service was extended to
2832:Shenzhen North Railway Station
2815:collision of high-speed trains
2432:In 1992, just in time for the
2008:Venezia Mestre railway station
1718:
1575:High-speed rail for the masses
350:
92:High-speed trains operated by
13:
1:
14269:LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire
11484:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit
11181:. Routledge. pp. 18ā43.
10937:10.1080/23792949.2021.1999169
10553:. kanal9tv.com. 25 March 2022
10205:(in Indonesian). 25 June 2023
10174:
10070:Railway Gazette International
9667:(in Japanese). Archived from
9159:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118135
9139:Journal of Cleaner Production
8512:10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.02.008
8313:Railway Gazette International
8199:10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.03.011
7735:Railway Gazette International
7653:Railway Gazette International
7223:(in Italian). 11 January 2024
7201:(in Italian). 8 February 2021
6838:. The Driven. 21 January 2021
6101:
5769:Turkish Ministry of Transport
5019:Railway Gazette International
3793:
3004:
2925:
2715:Beijing South railway station
2121:opened in December 2005, the
1866:FlorenceāRome high-speed line
1667:Southwest Jiaotong University
1327:In 1945, a Spanish engineer,
1150:" in regular service between
940:The German 1903 record holder
902:European Train Control System
561:Passenger traffic terminology
14738:1964 establishments in Japan
13415:By countries and territories
12540:Passenger information system
11294:travel guide from Wikivoyage
11100:Globalconstructionreview.com
10960:Travel Behaviour and Society
10902:10.1016/j.cities.2012.06.005
10831:"2023 Project Update Report"
10575:. ekapija.com. 23 March 2022
8586:. Bloomberg. 28 October 2009
8479:(in German). 2 February 2019
8438:Bƶs, Nadine (25 July 2012).
8417:"Interview: Alain Thauvette"
7500:Dao, James (24 April 2005).
6471:Low Slung Train Travels Fast
6388:(in German). Campus Verlag.
6365:"Timetable for EuroCity 378"
5613:. In contrast to the slower
5438:busiest passenger air routes
5368:
5244:
5240:Middle East and North Africa
5118:High-speed rail in Indonesia
5111:
5077:
4167:
4024:
3982:
3679:ceasing altogether in 2012.
2989:Middle East and Central Asia
2828:Beijing West railway station
2781:Pudong International Airport
2754:2008 global financial crisis
801:96/48/EC, Annex 1 (see also
7:
13420:planned networks in italics
11678:Demand-responsive transport
11576:Medium-capacity rail system
11168:Kalmbach Publishing Company
10925:Area Development and Policy
9504:. Xinhuanet. Archived from
8649:. p. 4. Archived from
8612:. p. 3. Archived from
8364:Mo Yelin (29 August 2018).
7904:"Talgo 250 reaches Bukhara"
7772:KRIHS Special Report Series
7267:(in Italian). 9 August 2023
6026:
5994:
5717:
5651:Spanish high-speed services
5501:Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori
5322:
5295:Haramain high-speed railway
5287:King Abdullah Economic City
5179:Since its opening in 2004,
5084:Hong Kong Express Rail Link
4925:G403/4, G405/6 and D939/40
4134:2018 Ankara train collision
3751:Limburg SĆ¼d railway station
3356:During the planning of the
3000:Haramain high-speed railway
2609:The new service was named "
2484:second longest in the world
2427:AVE Class 102 "Pato" (duck)
1558:
10:
14759:
13919:Lanzhou (Xining)āGuangzhou
13815:High-speed rail by country
12441:Public transport timetable
11472:Passenger rail terminology
11205:CornolĆ², Giovanni (1990).
11052:Journal of Urban Economics
11028:10.1016/j.trip.2021.100358
10706:Strategic Aims and Targets
10687:. vreme.com. 26 March 2024
8950:. Harvard Business School.
8032:"Interstate Rail Proposal"
6085:Passenger rail terminology
6017:HankouāDanjiangkou railway
5956:California High-Speed Rail
5849:
5778:
5721:
5703:
5640:
5636:
5558:
5510:
5447:
5443:
5394:), upgraded legacy lines (
5375:High-speed rail in Germany
5372:
5326:
5304:
5217:
5191:
5172:
5153:
5115:
5081:
5008:
4942:
4936:
4914:
4716:
4628:
4619:
4156:
4137:
4102:
4087:
4068:
4049:
4028:
3471:
3362:Japanese National Railways
3239:in old livery crossing it.
3166:) and under construction (
3091:
3085:
3081:
3049:
3033:
2997:
2802:, which opened during the
2687:
2630:California High-Speed Rail
2541:
2493:
2414:
2372:High-speed rail in Germany
2369:
2365:
2354:ParisāLyon High-Speed line
2226:
2098:ā (MilanāVeronaāVenice) ā
1943:
1932:
1921:project, in favour of the
1849:
1434:Japanese National Railways
1123:Norristown High Speed Line
910:
790:Passenger rail terminology
787:
36:
29:
14679:
14665:
14653:
14636:
14629:
14607:
14593:
14529:
14506:
14491:
14473:
14455:
14407:
14388:
14323:
14309:LGV Sud Europe Atlantique
14254:
14229:
14211:
14177:
14168:
14143:
14109:
14093:
14068:SuseoāPyeongtaek HSR Line
14048:
14032:
13979:
13963:
13869:
13860:
13833:
13800:
13743:
13725:
13597:
13495:
13451:
13428:
13414:
13396:
13383:
13144:
12989:
12937:TGV Sud-Est (refurbished)
12802:
12768:
12759:
12722:
12712:
12654:
12558:
12525:
12472:Green transport hierarchy
12454:
12408:
12372:
12331:
12209:Automated fare collection
12194:
12063:
11963:
11929:
11869:
11821:
11783:
11646:
11462:
11345:
11139:Rollen, schweben, gleiten
11064:10.1016/j.jue.2019.103212
10980:10.1016/j.tbs.2019.12.002
10620:. informer.rs. 3 May 2022
8804:. Earthscan. p. 298.
8159:(in German). 20 July 2023
7245:(in Italian). 12 May 2023
6261:11 September 2016 at the
6065:List of high-speed trains
5724:High-speed rail in Turkey
5598:
5584:
5561:High-speed rail in Russia
5554:
5513:High-speed rail in Norway
5506:
5419:
5406:
5329:High-speed rail in France
5307:High-speed rail in Europe
5300:
5273:, was completed in 2018.
5194:High-speed rail in Taiwan
5187:
4802:ICE 3 Class 403, 406, 407
4309:
4298:
4287:
4276:
4265:
4251:
4240:
4229:
4218:
4207:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4140:MarÅandiz train collision
4099:2015 Eckwersheim accident
4003:
3857:total time to destination
3747:Montabaur railway station
3663:cancelled all flights to
3474:List of high-speed trains
3403:
3273:Road-rail parallel layout
3044:
2899:Korea Train Express (KTX)
2771:technology and built the
2750:economic stimulus program
2571:and New York City of the
2496:High-speed rail in Turkey
2489:
2229:High-speed rail in France
2222:
1935:High-speed rail in Europe
1778:, with specially adapted
1565:
1554:Kawasaki Heavy Industries
1517:A new train on a new line
924:operated relatively fast
674:List of high-speed trains
13895:HarbināHong Kong (Macau)
13794:High-speed railway lines
13336:British Rail Classes 800
12507:Transportation authority
11136:Krettek, Ottmar (1975).
10273:
10230:18 December 2009 at the
10226:, Japan Railways Group.
9806:
9735:
9663:
8669:
8136:"2017 DA Hannes Ortlieb"
7594:
7572:South China Morning Post
7541:
6749:AJW by The Asahi Shimbun
6585:
5643:High-speed rail in Spain
5450:High-speed rail in Italy
5156:High-speed rail in Japan
5149:
5022:, select trains between
5011:High-speed rail in China
5004:
4962:Shenzhou railway station
4871:China Railway High-speed
4713:Maximum speed in service
4624:
4334:Passenger-km (billions)
3991:
3877:continuously welded rail
3209: Under construction
3036:High-speed rail in Egypt
3029:
2690:High-speed rail in China
2466:high-speed rail in Spain
2417:High-speed rail in Spain
2410:
2295:began operations on the
2245:The TGV Sud-Est, at the
2027:electrical multiple unit
1946:High-speed rail in Italy
1939:
1675:Europe and North America
1476:3 ft 6 in
1386:Breakthrough: Shinkansen
799:European Union Directive
297:continuously welded rail
14520:St. Petersburg-Helsinki
14314:LGV PerpignanāBarcelona
14245:St. Petersburg-Helsinki
14009:Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen
13398:High-speed railway line
13246:NSB Class 71 (Flytoget)
12571:Bus rapid transit creep
12517:Transportation planning
11239:Hughes, Murray (2015).
10274:KTX ź°ķµ 9ė
ā¦ģ“ģ©ź° 4ģµėŖ
ėķ ėģ
9412:"Derailment at Eschede"
9120:The Heritage Foundation
8948:Delays at Logan Airport
7873:China Knowledge@Wharton
7602:(in Simplified Chinese)
6713:. JR East. 30 July 2010
5810:Great Western Main Line
4999:
4071:Wenzhou train collision
4015:Wenzhou train collision
3826:converting this section
3763:Highway Capacity Manual
3745:of larger cities, like
3562:China Southern Airlines
3349:Freight high-speed rail
3339:
3310:In the United Kingdom,
3098:
2434:Barcelona Olympic Games
2324:nuclear power in France
2265:, two divisions of the
2139:Salerno-Reggio Calabria
1521:The new service, named
1455:Odakyu Electric Railway
1060:In the US, some of the
1052:interurbans in the US.
576:Railway nationalization
14279:LGV Interconnexion Est
13127:TGV Sud-Est (original)
12269:Manual fare collection
12249:Farebox recovery ratio
11740:Personal rapid transit
11226:de Rus, Gines (2011).
10224:Japanese Bullet Trains
7812:(in Chinese). Taipei:
6481:, February 1945, p. 70
5730:Turkish State Railways
5674:Santiago de Compostela
5652:
5579:Trans-Siberian Railway
5466:
5396:
5390:
5352:train Ć grande vitesse
5316:
5200:Taiwan high-speed rail
5127:
5046:
4965:
4917:Longest train services
4719:List of fastest trains
4658:
4643:
4192:Annual world airlines
4105:Eckwersheim derailment
4052:Eschede train disaster
4011:Eschede train disaster
3669:Taiwan high-speed rail
3643:
3282:
3255:Continuous welded rail
3251:
3240:
3233:British Rail Class 373
3009:Uzbekistan opened the
2939:Taiwan High Speed Rail
2935:
2870:
2668:Expansion in East Asia
2577:New Haven, Connecticut
2561:United States Congress
2556:
2507:
2429:
2384:
2258:
2250:
2238:
2011:
1982:
1966:
1877:
1806:
1785:At the same time, the
1738:
1687:
1619:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1356:
1310:achieved the official
1291:
1215:
1183:BerlināDresden railway
1163:Henschel-Wegmann Train
1139:
1083:Cincinnati Car Company
1056:High-speed interurbans
1042:
1023:
1010:High-speed aspirations
951:Prussian state railway
941:
898:positive train control
684:Longest train services
566:Named passenger trains
137:, began operations in
14083:(Cheongnyangni-Dodam)
13093:Shinkansen Series 200
12907:Shinkansen Series 500
12780:China Railway CR400AF
12626:Sustainable transport
12606:Passenger load factor
12421:Clock-face scheduling
12254:Free public transport
12106:Bus turnout (bus bay)
11803:Real-time ridesharing
11596:Platform screen doors
11277:UIC: high-speed rail
11158:Middleton, William D.
9963:People's Daily Online
9705:] (in Japanese).
9416:Derailment at Eschede
7542:äøå½é«éę»éēØč¾¾11028å
¬éå äøēäøå"
7350:Red de Alta Velocidad
7017:dataportal.orr.gov.uk
6019:were routed over the
5814:South Wales Main Line
5650:
5589:A high-speed line of
5457:
5382:InterCityExperimental
5314:
5125:
5040:
4959:
4855:Shanghai Maglev Train
4676:Absolute speed record
4649:
4638:
4331:Ridership (millions)
4121:of a bridge over the
4065:2011 Wenzhou accident
4046:1998 Eschede accident
4031:List of TGV accidents
3917:Norwegian Air Shuttle
3720:Automobiles and buses
3644:
3419:power to weight ratio
3280:
3246:
3230:
2933:
2866:The Korean-developed
2865:
2773:Shanghai maglev train
2638:Texas Central Railway
2551:
2503:
2448:electrification, and
2444:opened in Spain with
2424:
2379:
2291:In 1970, the DETMT's
2256:
2244:
2236:
2131:BolognaāFlorence line
1988:
1972:
1953:
1864:train running on the
1859:
1850:Further information:
1801:
1728:
1682:
1617:
1463:Odakyu 3000 series SE
1412:
1404:
1396:Odakyu 3000 series SE
1393:
1368:, the swaying of the
1354:
1286:
1254:Pennsylvania Railroad
1207:
1200:American Streamliners
1181:was 102 minutes. See
1137:
1075:St. Louis Car Company
1040:
1021:
939:
699:Platform screen doors
312:wider legacy railways
14514:MoscowāSt.Petersburg
14360:NurembergāIngolstadt
13070:Renfe Class 120, 121
12812:Renfe Class 100, 101
12794:Shinkansen Series L0
12665:Transport portal
12601:Outline of transport
12294:Reduced fare program
12264:Integrated ticketing
12219:Contract of carriage
12030:Personal transporter
11586:Narrow-gauge railway
11434:Rail replacement bus
11292:Tips for rail travel
10149:. 27 February 2021.
8916:4 March 2016 at the
8906:4 March 2016 at the
7849:on 25 September 2008
6876:– via YouTube.
6816:. SCMP. 22 June 2020
6593:on 27 September 2011
6055:Railway speed record
5830:East Coast Main Line
5818:West Coast Main Line
5712:Gotthard Base Tunnel
5617:trains used for the
4905:MadridāBarcelona HSL
4894:E6 Series Shinkansen
4867:BeijingāShanghai HSR
4796:H5 Series Shinkansen
4792:E6 Series Shinkansen
4788:E5 Series Shinkansen
4754:CRH380B, BL & CL
4640:L0 Series Shinkansen
4631:Railway speed record
4153:2020 Lodi derailment
3599:
3484:regenerative braking
3215: Other railways
2804:2008 Summer Olympics
2395:in Italy and French
2297:ParisāCherbourg line
1961:high speed train at
1894:East Coast Main Line
1794:US Metroliner trains
1329:Alejandro Goicoechea
1148:Fliegender Hamburger
1142:On 15 May 1933, the
826:Operating conditions
752:Transport portal
704:Railway speed record
14743:Japanese inventions
14554:BarcelonaāPerpignan
14398:AthensāThessaloniki
14221:CopenhagenāRingsted
13994:Hokuriku Shinkansen
13989:Hokkaido Shinkansen
13901:GuangzhouāHong Kong
13276:Shinkansen series 0
12641:Transport economics
12436:On-time performance
12431:Night (owl) service
12131:Interchange station
12010:Horse-drawn vehicle
11798:Flexible carpooling
11606:Metro/Rapid Transit
11114:"ä»å¤©ļ¼ę¹åå¤åæåøļ¼åå«ę é«éåå²ļ¼"
11019:2021TrRIP..1000358X
10972:2020TBSoc..19...45X
10339:Yeniseyev, Maksim.
10320:on 27 December 2014
10103:Urban Land Magazine
9590:on 17 November 2015
9560:on 29 November 2014
9508:on 31 January 2018.
9188:Lockwood, Deirdre.
9151:2019JCPro.23918135Y
9048:Lockwood, Deirdre.
9023:. 29 December 2017.
8880:www.telegraph.co.uk
8731:www.taipeitimes.com
8345:on 17 November 2018
7958:Briginshaw, David.
7660:on 29 December 2012
7628:on 29 December 2012
7044:on 18 December 2014
6896:. 30 September 1965
6892:8 July 2018 at the
6864:. 19 January 2018.
6755:on 26 December 2014
6686:"Tohoku Shinkansen"
6522:"D'oĆ¹ viens tu TGV"
6050:Ground-effect train
5980:Greater Los Angeles
5826:Cross Country Route
5346:, as well as major
5259:Strait of Gibraltar
5144:Southern Hemisphere
4681:Overall rail record
4324:
4182:
3879:have minimised the
3560:NaplesāRomeāMilan.
3064:Strait of Gibraltar
2884:Gyeongbu Expressway
2817:on 23 July 2011 in
2625:and Massachusetts.
2456:. This allowed the
2080:Treno Alta VelocitĆ
1929:Evolution in Europe
1701:Deutsche Bundesbahn
1654:under license from
1623:Future developments
1550:0 Series Shinkansen
1366:hunting oscillation
1220:Burlington Railroad
1079:Henry E. Huntington
963:three-phase current
815:Minimum speed limit
679:List of train songs
556:High-speed railways
509:Couplers by country
358:Part of a series on
191:China's HSR network
14642:Northeast Corridor
14549:MadridāExtremadura
14499:GrodziskāZawiercie
14354:MannheimāStuttgart
14151:TashkentāSamarkand
14024:TÅkaidÅ Shinkansen
13940:LianyungangāĆrĆ¼mqi
13924:SuifenheāManzhouli
13848:CasablancaāTangier
13174:China Railway DJJ1
13147:(124ā155 mph)
12992:(155ā186 mph)
12961:M (Avelia Horizon)
12805:(186ā217 mph)
12395:Standing passenger
11658:Auto rickshaw taxi
11628:Suspension railway
11611:Rubber-tyred metro
11534:Heritage streetcar
11439:Share taxi/Taxibus
11163:The Interurban Era
10203:mediaindonesia.com
10124:Ollivier, Gerald.
9867:"RAILISA STAT UIC"
9826:data.worldbank.org
9760:on 8 February 2015
9443:on 4 December 2011
8882:. 24 February 2011
8820:5 May 2016 at the
8733:. 1 September 2012
7995:. 15 November 2018
7690:on 1 December 2012
7506:The New York Times
7481:on 21 October 2014
7384:on 21 October 2014
7068:Railway Technology
6708:"2010 Fact Sheets"
6617:www.britannica.com
6451:on 21 October 2014
6424:on 21 October 2014
6254:Sith Sastrasinh, "
6132:on 17 January 2021
5986:Inter-city effects
5949:Northeast Regional
5929:Northeast Corridor
5898:Northeast Regional
5862:United States Code
5659:as opposed to the
5653:
5525:, which links the
5467:
5317:
5128:
5047:
4972:, in Japan, Tokyoā
4966:
4659:
4644:
4328:Country/territory
4322:
4180:
4159:Livraga derailment
4019:Livraga derailment
3951:HSR is subject to
3828:, if appropriate.
3714:economies of scale
3639:
3452:. You can help by
3358:Tokaido Shinkansen
3283:
3252:
3241:
2936:
2897:The line known as
2871:
2795:high-speed train.
2684:Chinese CRH and CR
2654:Northeast Corridor
2573:Northeast Corridor
2557:
2508:
2430:
2385:
2259:
2251:
2239:
2127:MilanāBologna line
2012:
1983:
1967:
1878:
1807:
1780:SNCF Class BB 9200
1774:between Paris and
1739:
1688:
1646:, is based on the
1620:
1595:noise, vibration,
1543:TÅkaidÅ Shinkansen
1459:Greater Tokyo Area
1415:
1407:
1399:
1357:
1312:world speed record
1292:
1266:Twin Cities Zephyr
1216:
1152:Hamburg and Berlin
1140:
1043:
1028:KƔroly Zipernowsky
1024:
1022:KƔroly Zipernowsky
942:
514:Coupler conversion
135:TÅkaidÅ Shinkansen
118:network utilizing
64:Tokaido Shinkansen
18:High-speed railway
14686:
14685:
14675:
14649:
14648:
14625:
14624:
14370:RastattāOffenburg
14339:CologneāFrankfurt
14164:
14163:
14156:SamarkandāBukhara
14084:
14076:
14075:(Wonju-Gangneung)
14058:Gyeongbu HSR Line
14019:TÅhoku Shinkansen
14014:San'yÅ Shinkansen
14004:Kyushu Shinkansen
13999:JÅetsu Shinkansen
13955:GuangzhouāKunming
13903:
13890:BeijingāHong Kong
13856:
13855:
13760:
13759:
13756:
13755:
13422:
13392:
13391:
13145:200ā249 km/h
12990:250ā299 km/h
12803:300ā349 km/h
12761:High-speed trains
12672:
12671:
12364:Transport network
12354:Non-revenue track
12020:Inclined elevator
11955:Inclined elevator
11921:Inclined elevator
11546:Higher-speed rail
11489:Airport rail link
11372:Bus rapid transit
11247:The History Press
11188:978-1-134-36088-8
11102:. 16 August 2018.
10862:. 20 April 2024.
10786:on 7 January 2013
10665:. ona.telegraf.rs
10243:AMTRAK, Off Track
9871:uic-stats.uic.org
9786:on 4 January 2016
9780:"ģė³ ģ¼ė°ģ² ė ģź° ģ“ģ©ģøģ"
9671:on 9 October 2019
9616:. 6 February 2020
9281:on 20 August 2010
9244:. 6 October 2017.
8936:as of 10 May 2014
8920:as of 10 May 2014
8656:on 10 March 2012.
8642:Peter Jorritsma.
8619:on 10 March 2012.
8605:Peter Jorritsma.
8427:on 20 April 2012.
8421:Rail Professional
8339:www.fsitaliane.it
8038:on 8 October 2011
7934:Egypt Independent
7910:on 27 August 2016
7600:www.chinanews.com
6777:. 25 January 2020
6543:, pp. 18ā43.
6371:on 7 August 2019.
6202:978-1-4822-6216-2
5939:, New York City,
5880:higher-speed rail
5822:Midland Main Line
5791:London St Pancras
5750:YĆ¼ksek Hızlı Tren
5609:, the capital of
5460:Frecciarossa 1000
4957:
4903:In Spain, on the
4898:Tohoku Shinkansen
4861:Conventional rail
4849:Levitation trains
4734:CR400AF/KCIC400AF
4697:Conventional rail
4617:
4616:
4320:
4319:
4189:Annual world HSR
4123:MarneāRhine Canal
3847:
3846:
3739:Extreme commuting
3683:Energy efficiency
3667:within a year of
3637:
3470:
3469:
3263:in-cab signalling
3249:ballastless track
2709:train set on the
2642:Pacific Northwest
2486:, after China's.
2403:(ICE) on the new
2401:Intercity-Express
2217:Frecciarossa 1000
1959:Frecciarossa 1000
1815:Lyndon B. Johnson
1660:Tongji University
1316:steam locomotives
1026:In 1891 engineer
945:First experiments
786:
785:
504:Railway couplings
487:Steam locomotives
183:extensive network
39:Higher-speed rail
16:(Redirected from
14750:
14715:
14714:
14703:
14702:
14694:
14674:
14634:
14633:
14560:MadridāBarcelona
14417:BolognaāFlorence
14380:WolfsburgāBerlin
14365:NurembergāErfurt
14349:HanoverāWĆ¼rzburg
14284:LGV MƩditerranƩe
14175:
14174:
14082:
14074:
14073:Gyeonggang Line
13950:ShanghaiāKunming
13945:ShanghaiāChengdu
13935:QingdaoāYinchuan
13899:
13885:BeijingāShanghai
13879:Coastal corridor
13867:
13866:
13838:
13837:
13823:
13822:
13813:
13812:
13787:
13780:
13773:
13764:
13763:
13426:
13425:
13418:
13370:Voyager/Meridian
13038:CR300AF, CR300BF
12971:Thalys PBA, PBKA
12766:
12765:
12699:
12692:
12685:
12676:
12675:
12663:
12662:
12581:Destination sign
12545:Platform display
12535:Destination sign
12492:Transit district
12487:Street hierarchy
12467:Complete streets
12462:Airport security
12344:Cross-city route
12289:Proof-of-payment
12259:Free travel pass
11750:Public light bus
11710:Hackney carriage
11529:Heritage railway
11514:Elevated railway
11509:Cross-city route
11429:Public light bus
11387:Cross-city route
11339:Public transport
11332:
11325:
11318:
11309:
11308:
11290:
11260:
11235:
11228:"vol 2, issue 1"
11222:
11192:
11171:
11153:
11122:
11121:
11110:
11104:
11103:
11092:
11086:
11085:
11075:
11047:
11041:
11040:
11030:
10998:
10992:
10991:
10955:
10949:
10948:
10920:
10914:
10913:
10885:
10879:
10878:
10876:
10874:
10852:
10846:
10845:
10843:
10841:
10835:
10827:
10821:
10820:
10818:
10816:
10810:
10802:
10796:
10795:
10793:
10791:
10776:
10770:
10769:
10764:
10762:
10757:on 17 March 2012
10751:US Code Title 49
10743:
10737:
10736:
10734:
10732:
10717:
10711:
10703:
10697:
10696:
10694:
10692:
10681:
10675:
10674:
10672:
10670:
10658:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10647:
10636:
10630:
10629:
10627:
10625:
10614:
10608:
10607:
10605:
10603:
10591:
10585:
10584:
10582:
10580:
10569:
10563:
10562:
10560:
10558:
10547:
10541:
10540:
10538:
10536:
10524:
10518:
10517:
10515:
10513:
10508:. il Sole 24 Ore
10502:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10491:
10476:
10470:
10469:
10467:
10465:
10450:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10439:
10424:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10413:
10399:
10393:
10390:
10384:
10381:
10375:
10374:
10372:
10370:
10359:
10353:
10352:
10350:
10348:
10336:
10330:
10329:
10327:
10325:
10316:. Archived from
10310:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10293:
10287:
10286:
10284:
10282:
10269:
10263:
10262:
10260:
10252:
10246:
10240:
10234:
10221:
10215:
10214:
10212:
10210:
10195:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10184:
10172:
10166:
10165:
10163:
10161:
10139:
10133:
10132:
10130:
10121:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10110:
10105:. 3 October 2016
10095:
10089:
10088:
10086:
10084:
10078:
10072:. Archived from
10067:
10059:
10053:
10052:
10050:
10048:
10033:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10019:
10005:
9999:
9998:
9996:
9994:
9989:on 19 March 2013
9973:
9967:
9966:
9965:. 15 April 2011.
9955:
9949:
9943:
9937:
9936:
9934:
9932:
9917:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9906:
9891:
9882:
9881:
9879:
9877:
9863:
9857:
9856:
9854:
9852:
9843:. Archived from
9836:
9830:
9829:
9818:
9812:
9811:
9802:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9791:
9782:. Archived from
9776:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9765:
9756:. Archived from
9750:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9731:
9722:
9721:
9719:
9717:
9711:
9696:
9687:
9681:
9680:
9678:
9676:
9659:
9648:
9647:
9645:
9643:
9632:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9606:
9600:
9599:
9597:
9595:
9576:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9556:. Archived from
9546:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9535:
9526:. Archived from
9516:
9510:
9509:
9498:
9489:
9488:
9477:
9471:
9470:
9459:
9453:
9452:
9450:
9448:
9439:. Archived from
9433:
9427:
9426:
9424:
9422:
9408:
9402:
9401:
9399:
9397:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9372:
9357:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9340:
9334:
9333:
9331:
9323:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9312:
9297:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9286:
9271:
9265:
9264:
9252:
9246:
9245:
9234:
9228:
9227:
9215:
9209:
9208:
9200:
9194:
9193:
9185:
9179:
9178:
9130:
9124:
9123:
9111:
9105:
9104:
9098:
9090:
9078:
9072:
9071:
9064:
9058:
9057:
9045:
9039:
9038:
9031:
9025:
9024:
9017:
9011:
9008:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8997:
8991:
8972:
8961:
8952:
8951:
8943:
8937:
8927:
8921:
8898:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8887:
8872:
8866:
8865:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8831:
8825:
8812:
8806:
8805:
8795:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8784:
8767:
8761:
8749:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8738:
8723:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8712:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8678:
8664:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8648:
8639:
8633:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8611:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8591:
8580:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8569:
8554:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8543:
8538:on 19 April 2011
8537:
8530:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8500:Transport Policy
8495:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8484:
8469:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8435:
8429:
8428:
8412:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8401:
8387:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8361:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8350:
8341:. Archived from
8331:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8305:
8299:
8298:
8292:
8284:
8278:
8269:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8252:
8241:
8232:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8187:Transport Policy
8184:
8175:
8169:
8168:
8166:
8164:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8132:
8126:
8125:
8118:
8112:
8111:
8109:
8101:
8095:
8094:
8087:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8076:
8062:
8054:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8028:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8011:
8005:
8004:
8002:
8000:
7985:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7971:
7962:. Archived from
7955:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7915:
7906:. Archived from
7899:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7888:
7865:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7854:
7845:. Archived from
7832:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7811:
7801:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7790:
7784:
7769:
7760:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7749:
7743:
7737:. Archived from
7732:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7706:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7695:
7676:
7670:
7669:
7667:
7665:
7656:. Archived from
7644:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7633:
7618:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7607:
7590:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7563:
7554:
7553:
7537:
7531:
7530:
7523:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7480:
7469:
7461:
7455:
7454:
7453:October 27, 1992
7434:
7430:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7414:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7380:. Archived from
7370:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7327:
7321:
7320:
7319:on 26 June 2010.
7315:. Archived from
7305:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7294:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7250:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7169:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7111:
7090:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7060:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7049:
7034:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6976:
6961:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6916:
6910:
6903:
6897:
6884:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6832:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6810:
6804:
6803:
6796:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6751:. Archived from
6741:
6735:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6712:
6704:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6644:. 1 October 2014
6634:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6565:on 18 April 2021
6550:
6544:
6538:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6517:
6482:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6447:. Archived from
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6420:. Archived from
6413:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6361:
6355:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6335:
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6305:
6299:
6293:
6287:
6278:
6272:
6266:
6252:
6246:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6186:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6161:. Archived from
6151:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6131:
6120:
6112:
6043:
6038:
6037:
6015:services on the
5976:Rancho Cucamonga
5972:Las Vegas Valley
5904:Keystone Service
5600:
5575:Saint Petersburg
5411:
5410:
5399:
5393:
5386:InterCityExpress
5297:opened in 2018.
5045:high-speed train
4958:
4911:Service distance
4750:CRH380A & AL
4601:
4600:
4578:
4577:
4555:
4554:
4532:
4531:
4509:
4508:
4486:
4485:
4463:
4462:
4440:
4439:
4417:
4416:
4394:
4393:
4371:
4370:
4348:
4347:
4325:
4321:
4183:
4179:
3842:
3839:
3833:
3824:You can help by
3806:
3805:
3798:
3768:land consumption
3665:Taichung Airport
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3629:
3628:
3609:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3519:Optimal distance
3465:
3462:
3444:
3437:
3408:
3407:
3326:TER Nantes-Laval
3216:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
2858:South Korean KTX
2727:
2702:
2438:Seville Expo '92
2158:alta velocitĆ AV
2123:TurināMilan line
2119:RomeāNaples line
2063:electric and 35
1998:
1609:braking distance
1597:aerodynamic drag
1570:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1537:in time for the
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1303:steam locomotive
1262:the Trail Blazer
1250:Morning Hiawatha
1175:Dresden-Neustadt
1099:General Electric
961:. The line used
778:
771:
764:
750:
749:
450:Gauge conversion
374:
355:
354:
89:
59:
21:
14758:
14757:
14753:
14752:
14751:
14749:
14748:
14747:
14733:High-speed rail
14723:
14722:
14721:
14709:
14697:
14689:
14687:
14682:
14673:
14661:
14645:
14621:
14603:
14589:
14525:
14502:
14487:
14483:Gardermoen Line
14469:
14451:
14403:
14384:
14319:
14299:LGV RhƓne-Alpes
14250:
14225:
14207:
14160:
14139:
14119:AnkaraāIstanbul
14105:
14089:
14044:
14028:
13975:
13959:
13929:BeijingāLanzhou
13914:BeijingāKunming
13852:
13829:
13805:High-speed rail
13796:
13791:
13761:
13752:
13739:
13721:
13593:
13491:
13447:
13417:
13416:
13410:
13388:
13379:
13326:Z-TER (Z 21500)
13146:
13140:
12991:
12985:
12897:KTX-Cheongryong
12804:
12798:
12772:
12770:
12755:
12718:
12708:
12706:High-speed rail
12703:
12673:
12668:
12657:
12650:
12554:
12527:
12521:
12450:
12404:
12380:Checked baggage
12368:
12327:
12214:Bus advertising
12198:
12190:
12059:
12050:Trackless train
11993:Scooter-sharing
11988:Bicycle-sharing
11965:
11959:
11925:
11865:
11817:
11779:
11755:Pulled rickshaw
11725:Motorcycle taxi
11668:Combination bus
11649:
11642:
11556:Inter-city rail
11541:High-speed rail
11458:
11341:
11336:
11268:
11263:
11257:
11219:
11200:
11198:Further reading
11195:
11189:
11150:
11131:
11126:
11125:
11112:
11111:
11107:
11094:
11093:
11089:
11048:
11044:
10999:
10995:
10956:
10952:
10921:
10917:
10886:
10882:
10872:
10870:
10860:Washington Post
10854:
10853:
10849:
10839:
10837:
10833:
10829:
10828:
10824:
10814:
10812:
10808:
10804:
10803:
10799:
10789:
10787:
10778:
10777:
10773:
10760:
10758:
10745:
10744:
10740:
10730:
10728:
10718:
10714:
10704:
10700:
10690:
10688:
10683:
10682:
10678:
10668:
10666:
10659:
10655:
10645:
10643:
10638:
10637:
10633:
10623:
10621:
10616:
10615:
10611:
10601:
10599:
10592:
10588:
10578:
10576:
10571:
10570:
10566:
10556:
10554:
10549:
10548:
10544:
10534:
10532:
10525:
10521:
10511:
10509:
10504:
10503:
10499:
10489:
10487:
10486:on 4 April 2013
10478:
10477:
10473:
10463:
10461:
10452:
10451:
10447:
10437:
10435:
10426:
10425:
10421:
10411:
10409:
10401:
10400:
10396:
10391:
10387:
10382:
10378:
10368:
10366:
10361:
10360:
10356:
10346:
10344:
10337:
10333:
10323:
10321:
10312:
10311:
10307:
10299:
10295:
10294:
10290:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10271:
10270:
10266:
10258:
10254:
10253:
10249:
10241:
10237:
10232:Wayback Machine
10222:
10218:
10208:
10206:
10197:
10196:
10192:
10182:
10180:
10173:
10169:
10159:
10157:
10141:
10140:
10136:
10128:
10122:
10118:
10108:
10106:
10097:
10096:
10092:
10082:
10080:
10076:
10065:
10061:
10060:
10056:
10046:
10044:
10035:
10034:
10027:
10017:
10015:
10007:
10006:
10002:
9992:
9990:
9982:The Japan Times
9975:
9974:
9970:
9957:
9956:
9952:
9944:
9940:
9930:
9928:
9919:
9918:
9914:
9904:
9902:
9892:
9885:
9875:
9873:
9865:
9864:
9860:
9850:
9848:
9837:
9833:
9820:
9819:
9815:
9808:
9804:
9803:
9799:
9789:
9787:
9778:
9777:
9773:
9763:
9761:
9752:
9751:
9747:
9739:
9737:
9733:
9732:
9725:
9715:
9713:
9709:
9694:
9689:
9688:
9684:
9674:
9672:
9665:
9664:KTX vs ę°å¹¹ē· å¾¹åŗęÆč¼
9661:
9660:
9651:
9641:
9639:
9634:
9633:
9629:
9619:
9617:
9608:
9607:
9603:
9593:
9591:
9584:Railway Gazette
9578:
9577:
9573:
9563:
9561:
9548:
9547:
9543:
9533:
9531:
9530:on 25 July 2013
9518:
9517:
9513:
9500:
9499:
9492:
9479:
9478:
9474:
9461:
9460:
9456:
9446:
9444:
9435:
9434:
9430:
9420:
9418:
9410:
9409:
9405:
9395:
9393:
9385:
9384:
9380:
9370:
9368:
9358:
9354:
9346:
9342:
9341:
9337:
9329:
9325:
9324:
9320:
9310:
9308:
9307:on 27 June 2010
9299:
9298:
9294:
9284:
9282:
9273:
9272:
9268:
9253:
9249:
9236:
9235:
9231:
9218:tagesschau.de.
9216:
9212:
9201:
9197:
9186:
9182:
9131:
9127:
9112:
9108:
9092:
9091:
9079:
9075:
9066:
9065:
9061:
9046:
9042:
9033:
9032:
9028:
9019:
9018:
9014:
9009:
9005:
8995:
8993:
8989:
8970:
8962:
8955:
8944:
8940:
8928:
8924:
8918:Wayback Machine
8908:Wayback Machine
8899:
8895:
8885:
8883:
8874:
8873:
8869:
8860:
8859:
8855:
8845:
8843:
8832:
8828:
8824:, in Norwegian.
8822:Wayback Machine
8813:
8809:
8798:Prashant Vaze.
8796:
8792:
8782:
8780:
8774:
8769:
8768:
8764:
8750:
8746:
8736:
8734:
8725:
8724:
8720:
8710:
8708:
8690:
8686:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8666:
8665:
8661:
8653:
8646:
8640:
8636:
8628:
8624:
8616:
8609:
8603:
8599:
8589:
8587:
8582:
8581:
8577:
8567:
8565:
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8541:
8539:
8535:
8528:
8524:
8523:
8519:
8496:
8492:
8482:
8480:
8471:
8470:
8466:
8456:
8454:
8436:
8432:
8413:
8409:
8399:
8397:
8389:
8388:
8384:
8374:
8372:
8362:
8358:
8348:
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8333:
8332:
8328:
8318:
8316:
8307:
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8286:
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8276:
8270:
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8239:
8233:
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8219:
8217:
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8162:
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8146:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8129:
8120:
8119:
8115:
8107:
8103:
8102:
8098:
8089:
8088:
8084:
8074:
8072:
8065:Financial Times
8055:
8051:
8041:
8039:
8030:
8029:
8025:
8017:
8013:
8012:
8008:
7998:
7996:
7987:
7986:
7979:
7969:
7967:
7956:
7949:
7939:
7937:
7936:. 14 March 2022
7928:
7927:
7923:
7913:
7911:
7902:UK, DVV Media.
7900:
7896:
7886:
7884:
7883:on 16 July 2011
7867:
7866:
7862:
7852:
7850:
7833:
7829:
7819:
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7809:
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7802:
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7708:
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7703:
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7691:
7678:
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7661:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7631:
7629:
7620:
7619:
7615:
7605:
7603:
7596:
7592:
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7577:
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7557:
7543:
7539:
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7520:
7510:
7508:
7498:
7494:
7484:
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7478:
7467:
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7402:
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7397:
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7341:
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7329:
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7280:
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7182:
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7129:
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7119:
7109:
7107:
7092:
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7057:
7047:
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7031:
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7019:
7011:
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7006:
6996:
6994:
6989:
6988:
6984:
6974:
6972:
6962:
6958:
6948:
6946:
6938:
6937:
6933:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6907:The Metroliners
6904:
6900:
6894:Wayback Machine
6885:
6881:
6871:
6869:
6862:www.youtube.com
6856:
6855:
6851:
6841:
6839:
6834:
6833:
6829:
6819:
6817:
6812:
6811:
6807:
6798:
6797:
6790:
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6778:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6758:
6756:
6743:
6742:
6738:
6730:
6726:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6691:
6689:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6669:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6657:
6647:
6645:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6621:
6619:
6611:
6610:
6606:
6596:
6594:
6587:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6566:
6551:
6547:
6539:
6532:
6524:
6518:
6485:
6479:Popular Science
6468:
6464:
6454:
6452:
6443:Eric H. Bowen.
6441:
6437:
6427:
6425:
6416:Eric H. Bowen.
6414:
6410:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6380:
6376:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6350:
6346:
6341:. 5 April 2007.
6337:
6336:
6332:
6324:
6320:
6312:
6308:
6300:
6296:
6288:
6281:
6273:
6269:
6263:Wayback Machine
6253:
6249:
6237:
6233:
6214:
6210:
6203:
6187:
6178:
6168:
6166:
6165:on 20 July 2011
6153:
6152:
6145:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6095:Inter-city rail
6039:
6032:
6029:
5997:
5988:
5968:Brightline West
5878:uses the term "
5854:
5848:
5843:
5783:
5777:
5726:
5720:
5708:
5702:
5645:
5639:
5623:Stadler KISS-es
5587:
5563:
5557:
5523:Gardermoen Line
5515:
5509:
5464:Milano Centrale
5452:
5446:
5422:
5377:
5371:
5348:amusement parks
5331:
5325:
5309:
5303:
5279:
5247:
5242:
5222:
5216:
5196:
5190:
5177:
5171:
5158:
5152:
5120:
5114:
5086:
5080:
5013:
5007:
5002:
4949:
4947:
4941:
4935:
4927:BeijingāKunming
4919:
4913:
4888:, and Japanese
4863:
4851:
4728:Shanghai Maglev
4721:
4715:
4699:
4683:
4678:
4633:
4627:
4622:
4595:
4572:
4549:
4526:
4503:
4480:
4457:
4434:
4411:
4388:
4365:
4342:
4170:
4161:
4155:
4142:
4136:
4107:
4101:
4092:
4086:
4073:
4067:
4054:
4048:
4033:
4027:
4006:
3994:
3985:
3953:land subsidence
3941:
3909:Hainan Airlines
3852:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3823:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3727:Gardermoen Line
3722:
3685:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3570:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3476:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3450:needs expansion
3435:
3351:
3342:
3304:
3275:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3052:
3047:
3038:
3032:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2991:
2928:
2860:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2670:
2590:and the German
2581:grade crossings
2579:, to eliminate
2546:
2540:
2498:
2492:
2419:
2413:
2374:
2368:
2312:1973 oil crisis
2231:
2225:
2210:Milan-Treviglio
2162:Eurostar Italia
2147:Palermo-Catania
1992:
1948:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1889:diesel-electric
1854:
1848:
1817:as part of his
1796:
1723:
1693:
1677:
1633:ChūŠShinkansen
1625:
1577:
1562:
1519:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:4 ft
1491:
1487:
1475:
1471:
1451:
1420:
1388:
1349:
1325:
1281:
1248:introduced the
1214:passenger train
1202:
1179:Berlin-SĆ¼dkreuz
1132:
1064:(i.e. trams or
1058:
1012:
947:
934:
913:
792:
782:
744:
641:
590:Special systems
585:
551:Inter-city rail
536:Passenger train
461:
416:Railway station
393:
392:
353:
338:. There are no
301:grade-separated
114:) is a type of
108:High-speed rail
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
90:
81:
80:
79:
60:
51:
50:
49:High-speed rail
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14756:
14746:
14745:
14740:
14735:
14720:
14719:
14707:
14684:
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14680:
14677:
14676:
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14663:
14662:
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14647:
14646:
14640:
14638:
14631:
14627:
14626:
14623:
14622:
14620:
14619:
14613:
14611:
14609:United Kingdom
14605:
14604:
14599:
14597:
14591:
14590:
14588:
14587:
14585:MadridāLevante
14582:
14577:
14575:MadridāSeville
14572:
14567:
14562:
14557:
14551:
14546:
14544:MadridāGalicia
14541:
14535:
14533:
14527:
14526:
14524:
14523:
14517:
14510:
14508:
14504:
14503:
14497:
14495:
14489:
14488:
14486:
14485:
14479:
14477:
14471:
14470:
14468:
14467:
14461:
14459:
14453:
14452:
14450:
14449:
14444:
14439:
14437:NaplesāSalerno
14434:
14429:
14424:
14419:
14413:
14411:
14405:
14404:
14402:
14401:
14394:
14392:
14386:
14385:
14383:
14382:
14377:
14375:WendlingenāUlm
14372:
14367:
14362:
14357:
14351:
14346:
14344:ErfurtāLeipzig
14341:
14336:
14329:
14327:
14321:
14320:
14318:
14317:
14311:
14306:
14301:
14296:
14294:LGV Rhin-RhƓne
14291:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14266:
14264:LGV Atlantique
14260:
14258:
14252:
14251:
14249:
14248:
14242:
14235:
14233:
14227:
14226:
14224:
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14115:
14113:
14107:
14106:
14104:
14103:
14097:
14095:
14091:
14090:
14088:
14087:
14078:
14070:
14065:
14063:Honam HSR Line
14060:
14054:
14052:
14046:
14045:
14043:
14042:
14036:
14034:
14030:
14029:
14027:
14026:
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14001:
13996:
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13961:
13960:
13958:
13957:
13952:
13947:
13942:
13937:
13932:
13926:
13921:
13916:
13911:
13909:HohhotāNanning
13906:
13905:
13904:
13892:
13887:
13882:
13875:
13873:
13864:
13858:
13857:
13854:
13853:
13851:
13850:
13844:
13842:
13835:
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13807:
13801:
13798:
13797:
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13789:
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13758:
13757:
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13751:
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13744:
13741:
13740:
13738:
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13729:
13727:
13723:
13722:
13720:
13719:
13717:United Kingdom
13714:
13709:
13704:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13667:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13645:
13640:
13635:
13630:
13627:Czech Republic
13623:
13616:
13611:
13603:
13601:
13595:
13594:
13592:
13591:
13584:
13579:
13574:
13567:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13545:
13540:
13533:
13526:
13521:
13514:
13513:
13512:
13501:
13499:
13493:
13492:
13490:
13489:
13484:
13477:
13470:
13463:
13455:
13453:
13449:
13448:
13446:
13445:
13438:
13432:
13430:
13423:
13412:
13411:
13409:
13408:
13402:
13400:
13394:
13393:
13390:
13389:
13384:
13381:
13380:
13378:
13377:
13372:
13367:
13362:
13333:
13328:
13323:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13273:
13268:
13263:
13258:
13253:
13248:
13243:
13238:
13225:
13216:
13211:
13206:
13201:
13196:
13188:China Railway
13178:China Railway
13171:
13166:
13161:
13156:
13150:
13148:
13142:
13141:
13139:
13138:
13133:
13124:
13119:
13090:
13081:
13076:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13040:
13034:China Railway
13022:2A, 2B, 2E, 2G
13012:China Railway
13001:
12999:Avelia Liberty
12995:
12993:
12987:
12986:
12984:
12983:
12981:Siemens Velaro
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12934:
12929:
12904:
12899:
12886:
12881:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12830:China Railway
12827:
12822:
12808:
12806:
12800:
12799:
12797:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12776:
12774:
12771:(217 mph)
12763:
12757:
12756:
12754:
12753:
12748:
12739:
12734:
12728:
12726:
12720:
12719:
12716:rail transport
12713:
12710:
12709:
12702:
12701:
12694:
12687:
12679:
12670:
12669:
12655:
12652:
12651:
12649:
12648:
12643:
12638:
12633:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12596:Land transport
12593:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12573:
12568:
12562:
12560:
12556:
12555:
12553:
12552:
12547:
12542:
12537:
12531:
12529:
12523:
12522:
12520:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12497:Transit police
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12477:Rail subsidies
12474:
12469:
12464:
12458:
12456:
12452:
12451:
12449:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12412:
12410:
12406:
12405:
12403:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12376:
12374:
12370:
12369:
12367:
12366:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12349:Network length
12346:
12341:
12335:
12333:
12329:
12328:
12326:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12313:Ticket machine
12310:
12296:
12291:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12251:
12246:
12241:
12236:
12234:Fare avoidance
12231:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12205:
12203:
12192:
12191:
12189:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12116:Ferry terminal
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12067:
12065:
12061:
12060:
12058:
12057:
12052:
12047:
12042:
12037:
12032:
12027:
12025:Moving walkway
12022:
12017:
12012:
12007:
12002:
11997:
11996:
11995:
11990:
11980:
11975:
11969:
11967:
11961:
11960:
11958:
11957:
11952:
11950:Moving walkway
11947:
11942:
11936:
11934:
11927:
11926:
11924:
11923:
11918:
11917:
11916:
11911:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11879:Aerial tramway
11875:
11873:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11827:
11825:
11819:
11818:
11816:
11815:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11789:
11787:
11781:
11780:
11778:
11777:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11757:
11752:
11747:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11691:
11690:
11685:
11675:
11673:Cycle rickshaw
11670:
11665:
11660:
11654:
11652:
11644:
11643:
11641:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11623:Street running
11620:
11615:
11614:
11613:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11537:
11536:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11506:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11481:
11480:
11479:
11468:
11466:
11460:
11459:
11457:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11410:
11409:
11399:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11368:
11367:
11362:
11351:
11349:
11343:
11342:
11335:
11334:
11327:
11320:
11312:
11306:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11284:
11279:
11274:
11267:
11266:External links
11264:
11262:
11261:
11256:978-0750961455
11255:
11236:
11223:
11217:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11193:
11187:
11172:
11154:
11148:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11124:
11123:
11105:
11087:
11042:
10993:
10950:
10931:(3): 293ā311.
10915:
10880:
10847:
10822:
10797:
10771:
10738:
10712:
10698:
10676:
10653:
10631:
10609:
10586:
10564:
10542:
10519:
10497:
10471:
10445:
10434:on 13 May 2012
10419:
10394:
10385:
10376:
10365:. 31 July 2014
10354:
10343:. Caravanserai
10331:
10305:
10288:
10264:
10247:
10235:
10216:
10190:
10167:
10134:
10116:
10090:
10079:on 9 July 2019
10054:
10041:tech.ifeng.com
10025:
10000:
9968:
9950:
9948:29 August 2013
9938:
9912:
9883:
9858:
9847:on 17 May 2015
9831:
9813:
9797:
9771:
9745:
9742:(in Japanese).
9723:
9682:
9649:
9627:
9601:
9571:
9541:
9511:
9490:
9472:
9454:
9428:
9403:
9378:
9352:
9335:
9318:
9292:
9266:
9247:
9242:Spiegel Online
9229:
9210:
9195:
9180:
9125:
9106:
9073:
9059:
9040:
9037:. 30 May 2017.
9026:
9012:
9003:
8953:
8938:
8922:
8893:
8867:
8853:
8826:
8807:
8790:
8772:
8762:
8744:
8718:
8684:
8659:
8634:
8622:
8597:
8575:
8564:. 2 April 2011
8549:
8517:
8490:
8464:
8430:
8407:
8382:
8356:
8326:
8300:
8264:
8227:
8170:
8144:
8127:
8113:
8096:
8093:. 2 July 2017.
8082:
8049:
8023:
8006:
7977:
7966:on 8 July 2016
7947:
7921:
7894:
7860:
7842:Taiwan Journal
7827:
7796:
7785:on 29 May 2011
7755:
7744:on 9 July 2019
7719:
7701:
7671:
7639:
7613:
7585:
7555:
7532:
7518:
7492:
7456:
7441:H.R. 4250
7420:
7395:
7365:
7339:
7322:
7313:www.fomento.es
7300:
7278:
7256:
7234:
7212:
7190:
7177:trenitalia.com
7164:
7139:
7117:
7085:
7055:
7029:
7004:
6982:
6970:Railway Museum
6956:
6931:
6911:
6898:
6879:
6849:
6827:
6805:
6788:
6766:
6736:
6734:, p. 214.
6724:
6699:
6677:
6655:
6629:
6604:
6576:
6545:
6530:
6483:
6462:
6435:
6408:
6395:978-3593357669
6394:
6374:
6356:
6352:Middleton 1968
6344:
6330:
6326:Middleton 1968
6318:
6314:Middleton 1968
6306:
6302:Middleton 1968
6294:
6290:Middleton 1968
6279:
6267:
6247:
6231:
6208:
6201:
6176:
6143:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6028:
6025:
5996:
5993:
5987:
5984:
5884:
5883:
5872:
5865:
5850:Main article:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5835:cab signalling
5803:Channel Tunnel
5779:Main article:
5776:
5775:United Kingdom
5773:
5722:Main article:
5719:
5716:
5704:Main article:
5701:
5698:
5657:standard gauge
5641:Main article:
5638:
5635:
5586:
5583:
5559:Main article:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5511:Main article:
5508:
5505:
5448:Main article:
5445:
5442:
5421:
5418:
5397:Ausbaustrecken
5391:Neubaustrecken
5373:Main article:
5370:
5367:
5363:LGV Atlantique
5327:Main article:
5324:
5321:
5305:Main article:
5302:
5299:
5278:
5275:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5218:Main article:
5215:
5212:
5192:Main article:
5189:
5186:
5173:Main article:
5170:
5167:
5160:In Japan, the
5154:Main article:
5151:
5148:
5140:Southeast Asia
5116:Main article:
5113:
5110:
5102:Futian station
5082:Main article:
5079:
5076:
5009:Main article:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4937:Main article:
4934:
4931:
4915:Main article:
4912:
4909:
4862:
4859:
4850:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4835:
4825:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4785:
4779:
4776:TGV Euroduplex
4761:
4731:
4717:Main article:
4714:
4711:
4698:
4695:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4629:Main article:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4169:
4166:
4157:Main article:
4154:
4151:
4138:Main article:
4135:
4132:
4111:TGV EuroDuplex
4103:Main article:
4100:
4097:
4088:Main article:
4085:
4082:
4069:Main article:
4066:
4063:
4050:Main article:
4047:
4044:
4026:
4023:
4005:
4002:
3993:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3977:Overhead lines
3973:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3949:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3901:
3895:
3888:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3851:
3850:HSR Advantages
3848:
3845:
3844:
3810:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3780:Boeing 737-800
3721:
3718:
3684:
3681:
3661:China Airlines
3650:
3649:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3569:
3566:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3468:
3467:
3447:
3445:
3434:
3431:
3350:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3334:passing siding
3303:
3300:
3287:KƶlnāFrankfurt
3274:
3271:
3259:overhead lines
3224:
3221:
3179:
3178:
3161:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3086:Main article:
3083:
3080:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3034:Main article:
3031:
3028:
3006:
3003:
2998:Main article:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2951:Western Taiwan
2927:
2924:
2859:
2856:
2793:Siemens Velaro
2729:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2688:Main article:
2685:
2682:
2669:
2666:
2542:Main article:
2539:
2536:
2494:Main article:
2491:
2488:
2450:standard gauge
2415:Main article:
2412:
2409:
2387:Following the
2370:Main article:
2367:
2364:
2320:Pierre Messmer
2261:Following the
2227:Main article:
2224:
2221:
2114:are underway.
2046:RomeāFlorence
1973:A pair of FS'
1944:Main article:
1941:
1938:
1933:Main article:
1930:
1927:
1847:
1844:
1795:
1792:
1722:
1717:
1692:
1689:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1624:
1621:
1576:
1573:
1518:
1515:
1510:standard gauge
1484:standard gauge
1450:
1447:
1419:
1416:
1387:
1384:
1382:'s prototype.
1348:
1345:
1324:
1321:
1280:
1277:
1246:Milwaukee Road
1201:
1198:
1131:
1128:
1057:
1054:
1011:
1008:
982:Siemens-Halske
978:Deutz, Cologne
946:
943:
933:
932:Early research
930:
912:
909:
870:
869:
866:
859:
858:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
831:
830:
827:
824:
816:
813:
810:
809:Infrastructure
784:
783:
781:
780:
773:
766:
758:
755:
754:
741:
740:
739:
738:
733:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
648:
647:
643:
642:
640:
639:
634:
629:
628:
627:
617:
612:
607:
606:
605:
592:
591:
587:
586:
584:
583:
578:
573:
571:Rail subsidies
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
522:
521:
516:
511:
501:
496:
491:
490:
489:
479:
471:
470:
463:
462:
460:
459:
458:
457:
452:
447:
445:Variable gauge
437:
436:
435:
425:
424:
423:
413:
408:
400:
399:
398:Infrastructure
395:
394:
391:
390:
385:
379:
376:
375:
367:
366:
364:Rail transport
360:
359:
352:
349:
293:standard gauge
278:United Kingdom
126:and dedicated
116:rail transport
91:
84:
83:
82:
61:
54:
53:
52:
48:
47:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14755:
14744:
14741:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14730:
14728:
14718:
14713:
14708:
14706:
14701:
14696:
14695:
14692:
14678:
14672:
14668:
14666:South America
14664:
14660:
14656:
14652:
14643:
14639:
14637:United States
14635:
14632:
14630:North America
14628:
14618:
14615:
14614:
14612:
14610:
14606:
14602:
14598:
14596:
14592:
14586:
14583:
14581:
14580:MadridāToledo
14578:
14576:
14573:
14571:
14570:MadridāMalaga
14568:
14566:
14563:
14561:
14558:
14555:
14552:
14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14540:
14539:Atlantic Axis
14537:
14536:
14534:
14532:
14528:
14521:
14518:
14515:
14512:
14511:
14509:
14505:
14500:
14496:
14494:
14490:
14484:
14481:
14480:
14478:
14476:
14472:
14466:
14463:
14462:
14460:
14458:
14454:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14438:
14435:
14433:
14430:
14428:
14427:MilanāBologna
14425:
14423:
14422:FlorenceāRome
14420:
14418:
14415:
14414:
14412:
14410:
14406:
14399:
14396:
14395:
14393:
14391:
14387:
14381:
14378:
14376:
14373:
14371:
14368:
14366:
14363:
14361:
14358:
14355:
14352:
14350:
14347:
14345:
14342:
14340:
14337:
14334:
14333:CologneāDĆ¼ren
14331:
14330:
14328:
14326:
14322:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14261:
14259:
14257:
14253:
14246:
14243:
14240:
14237:
14236:
14234:
14232:
14228:
14222:
14219:
14218:
14216:
14214:
14210:
14204:
14201:
14198:
14195:
14193:
14190:
14188:
14185:
14184:
14182:
14180:
14176:
14173:
14171:
14167:
14157:
14154:
14152:
14149:
14148:
14146:
14142:
14135:
14134:KonyaāKaraman
14132:
14130:
14129:PolatlıāKonya
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14116:
14114:
14112:
14108:
14102:
14099:
14098:
14096:
14092:
14085:
14081:Jungang Line
14079:
14077:
14071:
14069:
14066:
14064:
14061:
14059:
14056:
14055:
14053:
14051:
14047:
14041:
14038:
14037:
14035:
14031:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13986:
13984:
13982:
13978:
13972:
13969:
13968:
13966:
13962:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
13946:
13943:
13941:
13938:
13936:
13933:
13930:
13927:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13902:
13898:
13897:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13880:
13877:
13876:
13874:
13872:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13859:
13849:
13846:
13845:
13843:
13839:
13836:
13832:
13826:
13818:
13816:
13808:
13806:
13803:
13802:
13799:
13795:
13788:
13783:
13781:
13776:
13774:
13769:
13768:
13765:
13749:
13746:
13745:
13742:
13736:
13735:
13731:
13730:
13728:
13724:
13718:
13715:
13713:
13710:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13687:
13683:
13681:
13678:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13666:
13665:
13661:
13659:
13656:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13646:
13644:
13641:
13639:
13636:
13634:
13631:
13629:
13628:
13624:
13622:
13621:
13617:
13615:
13612:
13610:
13609:
13605:
13604:
13602:
13600:
13596:
13590:
13589:
13585:
13583:
13580:
13578:
13575:
13573:
13572:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13553:
13551:
13550:
13546:
13544:
13541:
13539:
13538:
13534:
13532:
13531:
13527:
13525:
13522:
13520:
13519:
13515:
13511:
13508:
13507:
13506:
13503:
13502:
13500:
13498:
13494:
13488:
13487:United States
13485:
13483:
13482:
13478:
13476:
13475:
13471:
13469:
13468:
13464:
13462:
13461:
13457:
13456:
13454:
13450:
13444:
13443:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13433:
13431:
13427:
13424:
13421:
13413:
13407:
13404:
13403:
13401:
13399:
13395:
13387:
13382:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13366:
13363:
13361:
13357:
13353:
13349:
13345:
13341:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13297:SBB RABDe 500
13295:
13293:
13289:
13285:
13281:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13257:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13237:
13233:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13220:
13219:InterCity 125
13217:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13200:
13197:
13195:
13192:
13191:
13185:
13182:
13181:
13175:
13172:
13170:
13167:
13165:
13162:
13160:
13157:
13155:
13152:
13151:
13149:
13143:
13137:
13134:
13132:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13120:
13118:
13114:
13110:
13106:
13102:
13098:
13094:
13091:
13089:
13085:
13082:
13080:
13077:
13075:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13065:New Pendolino
13063:
13061:
13058:
13055:
13051:
13047:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13037:
13031:
13027:
13023:
13019:
13018:CRH1A, 1B, 1E
13016:
13015:
13009:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12996:
12994:
12988:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12958:
12954:
12950:
12946:
12942:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12924:
12920:
12916:
12912:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12894:
12893:II (Sancheon)
12890:
12887:
12885:
12882:
12880:
12876:
12875:Eurostar e300
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12857:
12853:
12849:
12845:
12841:
12837:
12834:
12833:
12828:
12826:
12823:
12821:
12817:
12813:
12810:
12809:
12807:
12801:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12781:
12778:
12777:
12775:
12769:350 km/h
12767:
12764:
12762:
12758:
12752:
12749:
12747:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12729:
12727:
12725:
12721:
12717:
12711:
12707:
12700:
12695:
12693:
12688:
12686:
12681:
12680:
12677:
12667:
12666:
12661:
12653:
12647:
12646:Micromobility
12644:
12642:
12639:
12637:
12634:
12632:
12629:
12627:
12624:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12591:Hail and ride
12589:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12563:
12561:
12557:
12551:
12548:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12533:
12532:
12530:
12524:
12518:
12515:
12513:
12510:
12508:
12505:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12478:
12475:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12463:
12460:
12459:
12457:
12453:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12417:
12414:
12413:
12411:
12407:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12377:
12375:
12371:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12337:
12336:
12334:
12330:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12308:
12304:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12232:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12206:
12204:
12202:
12197:
12193:
12187:
12186:Transport hub
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12171:Train station
12169:
12167:
12166:Taxicab stand
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12151:Park and ride
12149:
12147:
12146:Metro station
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12068:
12066:
12062:
12056:
12053:
12051:
12048:
12046:
12043:
12041:
12038:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12006:
12003:
12001:
11998:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11985:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11970:
11968:
11962:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11937:
11935:
11932:
11928:
11922:
11919:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11889:Cable railway
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11876:
11874:
11872:
11868:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11828:
11826:
11824:
11820:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11790:
11788:
11786:
11782:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11680:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11651:
11645:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11618:Regional rail
11616:
11612:
11609:
11608:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11535:
11532:
11531:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11500:
11499:Commuter rail
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11478:
11475:
11474:
11473:
11470:
11469:
11467:
11465:
11461:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11408:
11405:
11404:
11403:
11402:Intercity bus
11400:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11357:
11356:
11353:
11352:
11350:
11348:
11344:
11340:
11333:
11328:
11326:
11321:
11319:
11314:
11313:
11310:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11293:
11289:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11269:
11258:
11252:
11248:
11244:
11243:
11237:
11233:
11229:
11224:
11220:
11218:88-85068-23-5
11214:
11211:. SalĆ²: ETR.
11210:
11209:
11203:
11202:
11190:
11184:
11180:
11179:
11173:
11169:
11165:
11164:
11159:
11155:
11151:
11149:3-87094-033-6
11145:
11141:
11140:
11134:
11133:
11120:
11115:
11109:
11101:
11097:
11091:
11083:
11079:
11074:
11073:1721.1/132188
11069:
11065:
11061:
11057:
11053:
11046:
11038:
11034:
11029:
11024:
11020:
11016:
11012:
11008:
11004:
10997:
10989:
10985:
10981:
10977:
10973:
10969:
10965:
10961:
10954:
10946:
10942:
10938:
10934:
10930:
10926:
10919:
10911:
10907:
10903:
10899:
10895:
10891:
10884:
10869:
10865:
10861:
10857:
10851:
10832:
10826:
10807:
10801:
10785:
10781:
10775:
10768:
10756:
10752:
10748:
10742:
10727:
10726:Rail Engineer
10723:
10716:
10710:
10707:
10702:
10686:
10680:
10664:
10657:
10641:
10635:
10619:
10613:
10597:
10590:
10574:
10568:
10552:
10546:
10530:
10523:
10507:
10501:
10485:
10481:
10475:
10459:
10458:www.ntvspa.it
10455:
10449:
10433:
10429:
10423:
10408:
10404:
10398:
10389:
10383:Metzler, 1992
10380:
10364:
10358:
10342:
10335:
10319:
10315:
10309:
10298:
10292:
10276:
10268:
10257:
10251:
10244:
10239:
10233:
10229:
10225:
10220:
10204:
10200:
10194:
10178:
10171:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10147:The Economist
10144:
10138:
10127:
10120:
10104:
10100:
10094:
10075:
10071:
10064:
10058:
10042:
10038:
10032:
10030:
10014:
10010:
10004:
9988:
9984:
9983:
9978:
9972:
9964:
9960:
9954:
9947:
9942:
9926:
9922:
9916:
9901:
9897:
9890:
9888:
9872:
9868:
9862:
9846:
9842:
9835:
9827:
9823:
9817:
9809:
9801:
9785:
9781:
9775:
9759:
9755:
9749:
9738:
9730:
9728:
9708:
9704:
9700:
9692:
9691:"ę°å¹¹ē·ę
客č¼øééć®ęØē§»"
9686:
9670:
9666:
9658:
9656:
9654:
9637:
9631:
9615:
9611:
9605:
9589:
9585:
9581:
9575:
9559:
9555:
9551:
9545:
9529:
9525:
9521:
9515:
9507:
9503:
9497:
9495:
9486:
9482:
9476:
9468:
9464:
9458:
9442:
9438:
9432:
9417:
9413:
9407:
9392:
9388:
9382:
9367:
9363:
9356:
9345:
9339:
9328:
9322:
9306:
9302:
9296:
9280:
9276:
9270:
9262:
9258:
9251:
9243:
9239:
9233:
9225:
9224:tagesschau.de
9221:
9214:
9206:
9199:
9191:
9184:
9176:
9172:
9168:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9136:
9129:
9121:
9117:
9114:Utt, Ronald.
9110:
9102:
9096:
9088:
9084:
9077:
9069:
9063:
9055:
9051:
9044:
9036:
9030:
9022:
9016:
9007:
8988:
8984:
8980:
8976:
8969:
8968:
8960:
8958:
8949:
8942:
8935:
8931:
8926:
8919:
8915:
8912:
8909:
8905:
8902:
8897:
8881:
8877:
8871:
8863:
8857:
8841:
8837:
8830:
8823:
8819:
8816:
8811:
8803:
8802:
8794:
8779:
8776:
8766:
8759:
8755:
8754:
8748:
8732:
8728:
8722:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8688:
8672:
8663:
8652:
8645:
8638:
8631:
8626:
8615:
8608:
8601:
8585:
8579:
8563:
8559:
8553:
8534:
8527:
8521:
8513:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8494:
8478:
8474:
8468:
8453:
8449:
8446:(in German).
8445:
8441:
8434:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8411:
8396:
8392:
8386:
8371:
8370:Caixin Global
8367:
8360:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8330:
8314:
8310:
8304:
8296:
8290:
8282:
8275:
8268:
8249:
8245:
8238:
8231:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8207:11311/1122504
8204:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8188:
8181:
8174:
8158:
8154:
8148:
8137:
8131:
8123:
8117:
8106:
8100:
8092:
8086:
8070:
8066:
8061:
8053:
8037:
8033:
8027:
8016:
8010:
7994:
7990:
7984:
7982:
7965:
7961:
7954:
7952:
7935:
7931:
7925:
7909:
7905:
7898:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7864:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7831:
7815:
7808:
7807:
7800:
7781:
7777:
7774:(in Korean).
7773:
7766:
7759:
7740:
7736:
7729:
7723:
7715:
7711:
7705:
7689:
7685:
7684:xinhuanet.com
7681:
7675:
7659:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7643:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7601:
7597:
7589:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7562:
7560:
7551:
7549:
7544:
7536:
7528:
7522:
7507:
7503:
7496:
7477:
7473:
7466:
7460:
7450:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7431:
7424:
7409:
7405:
7399:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7369:
7353:
7351:
7343:
7332:
7326:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7304:
7288:
7282:
7266:
7260:
7244:
7238:
7222:
7216:
7200:
7194:
7178:
7174:
7168:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7127:
7121:
7105:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7089:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7059:
7043:
7039:
7033:
7018:
7014:
7008:
6993:. 16 May 2021
6992:
6986:
6971:
6967:
6960:
6945:
6941:
6935:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6915:
6908:
6902:
6895:
6891:
6888:
6883:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6853:
6837:
6831:
6815:
6809:
6801:
6795:
6793:
6776:
6770:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6740:
6733:
6728:
6709:
6703:
6687:
6681:
6665:
6659:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6618:
6614:
6608:
6592:
6588:
6580:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6537:
6535:
6523:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6480:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6466:
6450:
6446:
6439:
6423:
6419:
6412:
6397:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6378:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6354:, p. 10.
6353:
6348:
6340:
6334:
6328:, p. 72.
6327:
6322:
6316:, p. 60.
6315:
6310:
6304:, p. 68.
6303:
6298:
6292:, p. 27.
6291:
6286:
6284:
6277:, p. 47.
6276:
6271:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6251:
6244:
6240:
6235:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6212:
6204:
6198:
6195:. CRC Press.
6194:
6193:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6150:
6148:
6128:
6124:
6117:
6111:
6107:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6041:Trains portal
6036:
6031:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5992:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5933:Acela Express
5930:
5925:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5892:Acela Express
5888:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5846:United States
5841:North America
5838:
5836:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5697:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5666:Iberian gauge
5662:
5661:Iberian gauge
5658:
5649:
5644:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5615:Stadler FLIRT
5612:
5608:
5604:
5596:
5592:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5565:The existing
5562:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5409:
5408:Deutsche Bahn
5403:
5398:
5392:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5366:
5364:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5344:Mediterranean
5341:
5337:
5330:
5320:
5313:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5195:
5185:
5184:the largest.
5182:
5176:
5166:
5163:
5157:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5124:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5028:Nanjing South
5025:
5024:Beijing South
5021:
5020:
5012:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4963:
4946:
4940:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4923:China Railway
4918:
4908:
4906:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4846:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4808:AVE Class 103
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4782:Eurostar e320
4780:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4557:United States
4553:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4184:
4178:
4175:
4165:
4160:
4150:
4147:
4141:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4096:
4091:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4062:
4060:
4053:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4001:
3999:
3989:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3939:Disadvantages
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3841:
3838:February 2019
3832:is available.
3831:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3811:This section
3809:
3800:
3799:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3702:nuclear power
3699:
3695:
3691:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3568:Market shares
3565:
3563:
3557:
3525:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3464:
3455:
3451:
3448:This section
3446:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3433:Rolling stock
3430:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3405:Deutsche Bahn
3400:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3346:
3337:
3335:
3332:a station or
3329:
3327:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3302:Track sharing
3299:
3296:
3295:expropriation
3292:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3162:Operational (
3158:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3095:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3001:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2892:Gyeongbu Line
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2852:Nanjing South
2849:
2848:Beijing South
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2611:Acela Express
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2596:tilting train
2593:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2559:In 1992, the
2555:
2554:Acela Express
2550:
2545:
2538:United States
2535:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:Iberian gauge
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2363:
2360:
2359:speed records
2355:
2350:
2348:
2347:Jacobs bogies
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2286:Jacobs bogies
2283:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2191:Frecciabianca
2187:
2186:
2185:Frecciargento
2181:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1886:InterCity 125
1883:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:Great Society
1816:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:Edgard Pisani
1751:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1686:
1681:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:Thyssen-Krupp
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1581:Bullet trains
1572:
1560:
1559:Dangan Ressha
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1539:Olympic Games
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:new main line
1524:
1514:
1511:
1488:1,435 mm
1485:
1481:
1472:1,067 mm
1468:
1464:
1461:launched the
1460:
1456:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1411:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1244:In 1935, the
1242:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1228:Jacobs bogies
1225:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1156:Jakobs bogies
1153:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
938:
929:
927:
922:
918:
908:
905:
903:
899:
893:
891:
888:
884:
881:
876:
867:
864:
863:
862:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
839:
838:
836:
828:
825:
821:
817:
814:
811:
808:
807:
806:
804:
800:
795:
791:
779:
774:
772:
767:
765:
760:
759:
757:
756:
753:
748:
743:
742:
737:
734:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
649:
645:
644:
638:
635:
633:
630:
626:
623:
622:
621:
620:Rapid transit
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
595:
594:
593:
589:
588:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
546:Regional rail
544:
542:
541:Commuter rail
539:
537:
534:
532:
531:Bogie (truck)
529:
527:
524:
520:
519:Dual coupling
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
502:
500:
499:Railroad cars
497:
495:
492:
488:
485:
484:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
472:
469:
468:rolling stock
465:
464:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:Railway track
426:
422:
419:
418:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
401:
397:
396:
389:
388:Company types
386:
384:
381:
380:
378:
377:
373:
369:
368:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:
348:
344:
341:
337:
336:Iberian gauge
333:
329:
325:
324:Russian gauge
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:rights of way
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
282:United States
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
124:rolling stock
121:
117:
113:
109:
99:
95:
94:China Railway
88:
77:
73:
69:
65:
58:
44:
40:
33:
32:InterCity 125
19:
14670:
14658:
14617:High Speed 1
14601:Bothnia Line
14432:MilanāVerona
14239:Kerava-Lahti
14124:AnkaraāSivas
14040:Haramain HSR
14033:Saudi Arabia
13804:
13732:
13684:
13662:
13625:
13618:
13606:
13586:
13569:
13560:Saudi Arabia
13547:
13535:
13528:
13516:
13479:
13472:
13465:
13458:
13440:
13419:
13256:NSB Class 74
13251:NSB Class 73
13189:
13179:
13122:TCDD HT65000
13084:SBB RABe 501
13035:
13013:
12966:TCDD HT80000
12831:
12732:Conventional
12731:
12724:Technologies
12705:
12656:
12631:Timing point
12616:Request stop
12559:Other topics
12416:Bus bunching
12400:Travel class
12359:Radial route
12339:Circle route
12323:Transit pass
12284:Penalty fare
12244:Fare evasion
12239:Fare capping
12224:Dead mileage
12181:Transit mall
11904:Gondola lift
11683:Microtransit
11591:People mover
11540:
11504:Circle route
11419:Open top bus
11382:Circle route
11241:
11231:
11207:
11177:
11162:
11138:
11117:
11108:
11099:
11090:
11055:
11051:
11045:
11010:
11006:
10996:
10963:
10959:
10953:
10928:
10924:
10918:
10893:
10889:
10883:
10871:. Retrieved
10859:
10850:
10838:. Retrieved
10825:
10813:. Retrieved
10800:
10788:. Retrieved
10784:the original
10774:
10766:
10759:. Retrieved
10755:the original
10750:
10741:
10729:. Retrieved
10725:
10715:
10708:
10701:
10689:. Retrieved
10679:
10667:. Retrieved
10656:
10644:. Retrieved
10634:
10622:. Retrieved
10612:
10600:. Retrieved
10589:
10577:. Retrieved
10567:
10555:. Retrieved
10545:
10533:. Retrieved
10522:
10510:. Retrieved
10500:
10488:. Retrieved
10484:the original
10474:
10462:. Retrieved
10460:(in Italian)
10457:
10448:
10436:. Retrieved
10432:the original
10422:
10410:. Retrieved
10406:
10397:
10392:Levinson, D.
10388:
10379:
10367:. Retrieved
10357:
10345:. Retrieved
10334:
10322:. Retrieved
10318:the original
10308:
10291:
10279:. Retrieved
10267:
10250:
10238:
10219:
10207:. Retrieved
10202:
10193:
10181:. Retrieved
10170:
10158:. Retrieved
10146:
10137:
10119:
10107:. Retrieved
10102:
10093:
10081:. Retrieved
10074:the original
10069:
10057:
10045:. Retrieved
10040:
10016:. Retrieved
10012:
10003:
9993:11 September
9991:. Retrieved
9987:the original
9980:
9971:
9962:
9953:
9941:
9929:. Retrieved
9925:The Guardian
9924:
9915:
9903:. Retrieved
9899:
9874:. Retrieved
9870:
9861:
9849:. Retrieved
9845:the original
9834:
9825:
9816:
9800:
9788:. Retrieved
9784:the original
9774:
9762:. Retrieved
9758:the original
9748:
9714:. Retrieved
9702:
9698:
9685:
9673:. Retrieved
9669:the original
9640:. Retrieved
9630:
9618:. Retrieved
9613:
9604:
9592:. Retrieved
9588:the original
9583:
9574:
9562:. Retrieved
9558:the original
9553:
9544:
9532:. Retrieved
9528:the original
9523:
9514:
9506:the original
9484:
9475:
9466:
9457:
9445:. Retrieved
9441:the original
9431:
9419:. Retrieved
9415:
9406:
9394:. Retrieved
9391:Danger Ahead
9390:
9381:
9369:. Retrieved
9365:
9355:
9338:
9321:
9309:. Retrieved
9305:the original
9295:
9283:. Retrieved
9279:the original
9269:
9260:
9250:
9241:
9232:
9223:
9213:
9198:
9183:
9142:
9138:
9128:
9119:
9109:
9087:Taiwan Today
9086:
9076:
9062:
9053:
9043:
9029:
9015:
9006:
8994:. Retrieved
8966:
8947:
8941:
8925:
8896:
8884:. Retrieved
8879:
8870:
8856:
8844:. Retrieved
8839:
8829:
8810:
8800:
8793:
8781:. Retrieved
8771:"Cut your CO
8765:
8757:
8751:
8747:
8735:. Retrieved
8730:
8721:
8709:. Retrieved
8697:
8687:
8675:. Retrieved
8662:
8651:the original
8637:
8625:
8614:the original
8600:
8588:. Retrieved
8578:
8566:. Retrieved
8561:
8552:
8540:. Retrieved
8533:the original
8520:
8506:(1): 19ā28.
8503:
8499:
8493:
8481:. Retrieved
8476:
8467:
8455:. Retrieved
8443:
8433:
8425:the original
8420:
8410:
8400:22 September
8398:. Retrieved
8395:time:matters
8394:
8385:
8375:22 September
8373:. Retrieved
8369:
8359:
8347:. Retrieved
8343:the original
8338:
8329:
8317:. Retrieved
8312:
8303:
8280:
8267:
8255:. Retrieved
8243:
8230:
8218:. Retrieved
8190:
8186:
8173:
8161:. Retrieved
8156:
8147:
8130:
8116:
8099:
8085:
8073:. Retrieved
8064:
8052:
8040:. Retrieved
8036:the original
8026:
8009:
7997:. Retrieved
7970:23 September
7968:. Retrieved
7964:the original
7938:. Retrieved
7933:
7924:
7912:. Retrieved
7908:the original
7897:
7885:. Retrieved
7881:the original
7872:
7863:
7851:. Retrieved
7847:the original
7840:
7830:
7818:. Retrieved
7805:
7799:
7787:. Retrieved
7780:the original
7775:
7771:
7758:
7746:. Retrieved
7739:the original
7734:
7722:
7713:
7704:
7692:. Retrieved
7688:the original
7683:
7674:
7662:. Retrieved
7658:the original
7651:
7642:
7630:. Retrieved
7626:the original
7616:
7604:. Retrieved
7599:
7588:
7576:. Retrieved
7570:
7546:
7535:
7521:
7509:. Retrieved
7505:
7495:
7483:. Retrieved
7476:the original
7471:
7459:
7423:
7411:. Retrieved
7407:
7398:
7386:. Retrieved
7382:the original
7377:
7368:
7356:. Retrieved
7349:
7342:
7325:
7317:the original
7312:
7303:
7293:24 September
7291:. Retrieved
7289:(in Italian)
7281:
7269:. Retrieved
7259:
7247:. Retrieved
7237:
7225:. Retrieved
7215:
7203:. Retrieved
7193:
7181:. Retrieved
7179:(in Italian)
7176:
7167:
7155:. Retrieved
7152:op.europa.eu
7151:
7142:
7130:. Retrieved
7120:
7108:. Retrieved
7097:
7088:
7076:. Retrieved
7067:
7058:
7046:. Retrieved
7042:the original
7032:
7020:. Retrieved
7016:
7007:
6995:. Retrieved
6985:
6973:. Retrieved
6969:
6959:
6947:. Retrieved
6944:op.europa.eu
6943:
6934:
6923:
6914:
6901:
6882:
6870:. Retrieved
6861:
6852:
6840:. Retrieved
6830:
6818:. Retrieved
6808:
6779:. Retrieved
6769:
6757:. Retrieved
6753:the original
6748:
6739:
6727:
6715:. Retrieved
6702:
6690:. Retrieved
6680:
6668:. Retrieved
6658:
6646:. Retrieved
6641:
6632:
6620:. Retrieved
6616:
6607:
6595:. Retrieved
6591:the original
6579:
6567:. Retrieved
6563:the original
6558:
6548:
6527:(in French).
6478:
6476:Google Books
6474:, p. 70, at
6469:
6465:
6453:. Retrieved
6449:the original
6438:
6426:. Retrieved
6422:the original
6411:
6399:. Retrieved
6384:
6377:
6369:the original
6359:
6347:
6333:
6321:
6309:
6297:
6275:Krettek 1975
6270:
6250:
6234:
6217:
6211:
6191:
6167:. Retrieved
6163:the original
6134:. Retrieved
6127:the original
6110:
6009:
6001:Incheon AREX
5998:
5989:
5953:
5948:
5941:Philadelphia
5932:
5919:and certain
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5885:
5855:
5807:
5801:through the
5797:, Paris and
5787:High Speed 1
5784:
5754:
5727:
5709:
5654:
5627:New Belgrade
5618:
5590:
5588:
5564:
5539:
5516:
5499:
5495:
5483:
5471:Direttissime
5470:
5468:
5430:Thessaloniki
5423:
5378:
5360:
5351:
5332:
5318:
5280:
5277:Saudi Arabia
5248:
5223:
5208:
5206:technology.
5197:
5178:
5159:
5129:
5087:
5048:
5017:
5014:
4984:, in Spain,
4976:, in Italy,
4967:
4920:
4902:
4879:
4864:
4852:
4843:
4722:
4700:
4684:
4660:
4255:
4171:
4162:
4143:
4108:
4093:
4078:
4074:
4055:
4041:
4034:
4007:
3995:
3986:
3905:hot and high
3856:
3835:
3830:Editing help
3812:
3756:
3735:acceleration
3723:
3694:fossil fuels
3686:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3558:
3526:
3522:
3504:Stadler Rail
3477:
3458:
3454:adding to it
3449:
3415:High Speed 1
3412:
3392:
3381:
3369:TGV La Poste
3366:
3355:
3352:
3343:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3316:Southeastern
3309:
3305:
3284:
3253:
3223:Technologies
3053:
3039:
3008:
2994:Saudi Arabia
2937:
2916:KTX Sancheon
2896:
2872:
2868:KTX Sancheon
2812:
2797:
2785:
2759:
2743:
2671:
2627:
2623:Rhode Island
2615:Philadelphia
2608:
2585:
2558:
2509:
2505:TCDD HT80000
2481:
2470:
2431:
2425:The Spanish
2393:Direttissima
2386:
2351:
2341:āMTE for 87
2332:
2327:
2309:
2301:
2290:
2275:
2271:gas turbines
2263:1955 records
2260:
2247:Gare de Lyon
2214:
2207:
2196:
2189:
2183:
2179:Frecciarossa
2177:
2157:
2155:
2136:
2117:Most of the
2116:
2083:
2077:
2057:
2048:Direttissima
2047:
2043:
2013:
1999:
1902:Direttissima
1900:
1898:
1882:British Rail
1879:
1813:, President
1808:
1784:
1769:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1737:at 200 km/h.
1734:
1719:
1709:DB Class 103
1694:
1685:DB Class 103
1643:
1637:
1626:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1547:
1535:
1526:
1520:
1467:narrow gauge
1452:
1432:
1428:World War II
1421:
1373:
1358:
1340:
1326:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1287:The Italian
1270:
1243:
1232:
1217:
1209:
1194:World War II
1191:
1187:
1160:
1141:
1108:
1095:Westinghouse
1071:
1059:
1046:
1044:
1025:
1013:
1004:
985:
975:
967:10 kilovolts
948:
925:
914:
906:
894:
871:
860:
853:Category III
832:
819:
796:
793:
555:
466:Service and
345:
340:narrow gauge
314:, including
290:
250:Saudi Arabia
195:
167:Direttissima
159:bullet train
158:
132:
111:
107:
106:
43:
14565:MadridāLeĆ³n
14457:Netherlands
14447:TurināMilan
14442:RomeāNaples
14304:LGV Sud-Est
14050:South Korea
13707:Switzerland
13670:Netherlands
13555:South Korea
12848:MTR CRH380A
12636:Transit map
12611:Public good
12528:and signage
12385:First class
12299:Smart cards
12274:Money train
12136:Kassel kerb
12096:Bus station
11884:Cable ferry
11851:Ocean liner
11831:Cable ferry
11688:Paratransit
11449:Transit bus
11444:Shuttle bus
11392:Express bus
11347:Bus service
11129:Works cited
10896:: S26āS31.
10709:www.bmc.net
10369:17 December
10324:17 December
10175:T, Sharon.
10160:27 February
10047:27 February
9736:ę°å¹¹ē·ę
客č¼øééć®ęØē§»
9716:17 November
9594:16 November
9564:17 December
9534:17 December
9485:China Daily
9467:China Daily
9447:17 December
9421:30 December
9396:30 December
9371:17 December
9054:cen.acs.org
8842:(in German)
8840:www.wiwo.de
8562:China Daily
8349:17 November
8257:17 November
8220:17 November
7999:17 November
7940:26 December
7694:27 November
7664:31 December
7632:26 December
7443:, 106
7388:17 December
7378:TodaysZaman
7271:21 February
7249:21 February
7227:21 February
7048:24 November
6975:11 December
6759:17 December
6569:18 November
6455:17 December
6428:17 December
6075:Megaproject
5964:Bakersfield
5910:Silver Star
5789:) connects
5700:Switzerland
5694:Montpellier
5621:lines, the
5529:airport to
5440:in Europe.
5169:South Korea
4653:, modified
4488:South Korea
4146:Yenimahalle
4125:. The rear
4013:, the 2011
3871:conditions.
3772:Airbus A320
3743:conurbation
3659:In Taiwan,
3379:trainsets.
3377:TGV Sud-Est
3367:The French
2380:The German
2343:TGV Sud-Est
2160:, formerly
2151:NaplesāBari
2071:class, 120
2069:ALe 801/940
1993: [
1771:Le Capitole
1735:Le Capitole
1720:Le Capitole
1683:The German
1593:tunnel boom
1552:, built by
1375:yaw dampers
1235:Kansas City
1208:Burlington
1111:wind tunnel
1087:J. G. Brill
1062:interurbans
992:Marienfelde
955:Marienfelde
885:and German
847:Category II
714:Terminology
659:Attractions
646:Miscellanea
482:Locomotives
440:Track gauge
433:Maintenance
351:Definitions
306:with large
266:Switzerland
258:South Korea
230:Netherlands
14727:Categories
14144:Uzbekistan
14101:Taiwan HSR
13971:Whoosh HSR
13582:Uzbekistan
13549:Kazakhstan
13030:5A, 5E, 5G
13004:China Star
12941:Atlantique
12825:Alstom AGV
12789:Transrapid
12737:Hovertrain
12586:Dwell time
12576:Crush load
12526:Technology
12446:Short turn
12409:Scheduling
12373:Facilities
12161:Queue jump
12081:Bus garage
11983:Carsharing
11861:Water taxi
11841:Hovercraft
11793:Car jockey
11785:Carpooling
11760:Share taxi
11730:Marshrutka
11695:Dollar van
11638:Tram-train
11566:Light rail
11561:Interurban
11524:Heavy rail
11454:Trolleybus
11414:Marshrutka
11397:Guided bus
11058:: 103212.
11013:: 100358.
10815:10 October
10598:. danas.rs
10464:13 October
10018:25 October
9790:12 October
9764:12 October
9642:8 February
9620:6 February
9145:: 118135.
8996:14 January
8983:1119597335
8677:14 October
8590:17 October
8568:17 October
8281:World Bank
8042:17 October
7993:Al Jazeera
7887:11 October
7853:11 October
7820:30 January
7606:13 January
7578:24 January
7451:, enacted
7413:5 November
7408:railwaypro
7205:8 February
7132:5 February
6872:2 February
6781:26 January
6648:25 January
6642:nippon.com
6597:17 October
6102:References
5527:Gardermoen
5251:Casablanca
5234:Dehkanabad
5214:Uzbekistan
5204:Shinkansen
5162:Shinkansen
5136:Whoosh HSR
5094:Kwun Chung
4943:See also:
4768:TGV RĆ©seau
4764:TGV Duplex
4651:V150 train
4174:Shinkansen
4037:Shinkansen
4029:See also:
3885:turbulence
3794:Air travel
3710:resistance
3480:air brakes
3472:See also:
3399:SF Express
3384:Mercitalia
3092:See also:
3056:Casablanca
3005:Uzbekistan
2959:New Taipei
2926:Taiwan HSR
2908:TGV RĆ©seau
2766:Transrapid
2674:Shinkansen
2658:Brightline
2634:California
2604:Bombardier
2339:Francorail
2293:Turbotrain
2203:Trenitalia
2168:, part of
2166:Trenitalia
2102:and Milanā
1835:Metroliner
1831:bipartisan
1811:Shinkansen
1803:Metroliner
1648:Transrapid
1601:earthquake
1531:World Bank
1523:Shinkansen
1480:Cape gauge
1109:Extensive
1103:Red Devils
1066:streetcars
883:IntercitƩs
841:Category I
788:See also:
664:By country
615:Interurban
610:Light rail
455:Dual gauge
406:Management
320:Uzbekistan
295:tracks of
286:Uzbekistan
155:locomotive
68:Mount Fuji
14717:Transport
13964:Indonesia
13734:Australia
13524:Indonesia
13510:Hong Kong
13460:Argentina
13365:Talgo XXI
13261:Pendolino
12976:THSR 700T
12742:Hyperloop
12550:Timetable
12279:Paid area
12229:Exit fare
12196:Ticketing
12176:Tram stop
12091:Bus stand
12064:Locations
12045:Slope car
12015:Hyperloop
12005:Escalator
11966:transport
11945:Escalator
11933:transport
11899:Funicular
11856:Vaporetto
11846:Hydrofoil
11765:Songthaew
11735:Nanny van
11720:Limousine
11663:Boda boda
11519:Funicular
11494:Cable car
11377:Charabanc
11082:211379852
11037:234821409
10988:213535387
10966:: 45ā53.
10945:246049230
10910:0264-2751
10868:0190-8286
10531:. bbc.com
10347:26 August
10183:26 August
10155:0013-0613
9311:28 August
9285:28 August
9175:202318356
9167:0959-6526
8846:17 August
8783:28 August
8753:The Times
8706:1059-1028
8483:17 August
8477:www.fr.de
8457:17 August
8452:0174-4909
8215:157978351
8193:: 63ā79.
8163:17 August
8157:www.fr.de
8015:"F38 tec"
7914:26 August
7789:30 August
7511:26 August
7485:26 August
6732:Hood 2006
6559:KIMT News
6541:Hood 2006
6226:0141-4615
6220:: 13ā16.
5945:Baltimore
5924:Penn Line
5916:Vermonter
5799:Amsterdam
5738:EskiÅehir
5690:Perpignan
5686:Barcelona
5611:Vojvodina
5535:Trondheim
5479:Pendolino
5416:program.
5402:Lufthansa
5112:Indonesia
5106:Shek Kong
5078:Hong Kong
5072:Guangzhou
4994:Barcelona
4964:in Hainan
4884:, German
4687:L0 series
4168:Ridership
4127:power car
4025:Accidents
3983:Pollution
3913:Las Vegas
3881:vibration
3776:186 seats
3704:. On the
3692:or other
3677:Kaohsiung
3618:×
3461:July 2013
3291:synergies
3164:Indonesia
3019:Samarkand
3011:Afrosiyob
2983:Kaohsiung
2920:HEMU-430X
2678:East Asia
2650:Southeast
2619:Baltimore
2512:EskiÅehir
2462:Class 100
2316:De Gaulle
2282:power car
2249:, in 1982
2174:Le Frecce
2000:Italo EVO
1919:AĆ©rotrain
1880:In 1976,
1787:AĆ©rotrain
1744:AĆ©rotrain
1713:AĆ©rotrain
1525:(meaning
1117:cars for
921:airliners
917:motor car
689:Modelling
669:Companies
654:Accidents
477:Operating
411:Rail yard
218:Indonesia
165:with the
151:nose cone
14465:HSL-Zuid
14289:LGV Nord
13686:Portugal
13571:Thailand
13452:Americas
13164:Adelante
13131:La Poste
13088:RABe 503
12746:Vactrain
12714:Part of
12566:Boarding
12482:Security
12455:Politics
12318:Transfer
12111:Dry dock
12101:Bus stop
12086:Bus lane
12076:Bus bulb
12055:Vactrain
12035:Robotaxi
12000:Elevator
11978:Airliner
11940:Elevator
11931:Building
11914:tricable
11894:Elevator
11808:Slugging
11650:for hire
11648:Vehicles
11581:Monorail
11551:Horsecar
11477:glossary
11160:(1968).
11142:. Alba.
11119:Railway.
10873:20 April
10840:12 March
10512:28 April
10297:"Taiwan"
10228:Archived
10109:13 March
10013:The Star
9931:21 April
9905:13 March
9876:13 March
9707:Archived
9614:BBC News
9524:NBC News
9261:Die Zeit
9095:cite web
8987:Archived
8914:Archived
8904:Archived
8818:Archived
8542:18 April
8289:cite web
8248:Archived
8122:"Tugraz"
8075:12 April
8069:Archived
7550:Business
7104:Archived
7099:CBC News
7072:Archived
6890:Archived
6866:Archived
6401:26 March
6259:Archived
6136:18 March
6090:Vactrain
6027:See also
5995:Closures
5795:Brussels
5742:Istanbul
5678:A CoruƱa
5631:Subotica
5607:Novi Sad
5603:Belgrade
5571:Helsinki
5356:land use
5340:Atlantic
5142:and the
5098:Shenzhen
5068:Shenzhen
5064:Shanghai
5041:Chinese
4982:Florence
4832:ETR 1000
4258:(prelim)
3969:journey.
3932:kerosene
3898:De-icing
3863:airport.
3759:Eurostar
3706:Eurostar
3592:formula
3590:logistic
3496:Kawasaki
3373:La Poste
3237:Eurostar
3172:Thailand
3015:Tashkent
2971:Taichung
2912:HSR-350x
2819:Zhejiang
2528:Marmaray
2524:Istanbul
2446:25 kV AC
2112:Slovenia
1911:Florence
1905:between
1823:Congress
1776:Toulouse
1759:Toulouse
1705:Augsburg
1644:CRRC 600
1607:safety,
1506: in
1258:Class S1
1032:air-line
736:Vactrain
526:Wheelset
332:Portugal
242:Portugal
149:-shaped
14691:Portals
14654:Oceania
14325:Germany
14274:LGV Est
14231:Finland
14213:Denmark
14179:Belgium
13841:Morocco
13825:Commons
13726:Oceania
13648:Germany
13638:Finland
13633:Denmark
13620:Croatia
13614:Belgium
13608:Austria
13588:Vietnam
13436:Morocco
13266:Railjet
13241:Javelin
13060:KTX-Eum
12870:ETR 400
12865:ETR 500
12784:CR400BF
12773:or more
12621:Service
12426:Headway
12390:Sleeper
12332:Routing
12307:Calypso
12303:CIPURSE
12141:Layover
12071:Airport
11973:Airline
11909:bicable
11813:Vanpool
11775:Tuk tuk
11715:Jeepney
11705:Gondola
11601:Railbus
11015:Bibcode
10968:Bibcode
10790:28 June
10490:25 June
10438:25 June
10412:13 June
10281:12 July
10256:"Japan"
10209:29 June
9344:"34-41"
9327:"Award"
9147:Bibcode
8886:29 June
8737:27 June
8711:27 June
8444:FAZ.NET
7714:Fortune
7437:102ā533
7429:Pub. L.
7157:22 July
6949:22 July
6842:21 July
6820:21 July
6670:2 March
5978:in the
5670:Ourense
5595:Serbian
5491:ETR1000
5487:ETR 500
5475:ETR 200
5369:Germany
5267:Kenitra
5255:Tangier
5245:Morocco
5230:Bukhara
5060:Beijing
5056:Tianjin
5043:CRH380A
5030:on the
4990:Seville
4882:TGV POS
4838:ETR 500
4828:AGV 575
4822:KTX-III
4772:TGV POS
4758:CRH380D
4738:CR400BF
4707:LGV Est
4703:TGV POS
4689:manned
4620:Records
4442:Germany
4354:2357.7
4291:3,291.1
4119:parapet
4115:LGV Est
4059:Eschede
3965:routes.
3867:issues.
3788:Ryanair
3778:or the
3588:by the
3556:hours.
3551:⁄
3536:⁄
3500:Siemens
3492:Hitachi
3395:courier
3388:ETR 500
3261:, have
3082:Network
3072:Kenitra
3060:Tangier
3050:Morocco
3024:Bukhara
2967:Hsinchu
2963:Taoyuan
2947:Zuoying
2943:Nangang
2732:CRH380A
2707:CR400AF
2662:Florida
2646:Midwest
2532:Halkalı
2389:ETR 450
2366:Germany
2328:ZĆ©bulon
2108:Austria
2100:Trieste
2092:Salerno
2073:ALn 668
2039:ETR 300
2035:ETR 250
2031:ETR 220
2024:ALe 601
1990:ETR 675
1975:ETR 500
1915:FS E444
1862:ETR 500
1733:hauled
1731:BB 9200
1605:typhoon
1501:⁄
1361:CC 7100
1307:Mallard
1296:ETR 200
1289:ETR 200
1239:Lincoln
1171:Dresden
926:express
911:History
900:or the
857:areas).
709:Suicide
694:Museums
625:History
603:History
581:Freight
383:History
226:Morocco
210:Finland
206:Denmark
202:Belgium
198:Austria
175:Germany
153:of the
147:spitzer
14705:Trains
14595:Sweden
14507:Russia
14493:Poland
14475:Norway
14390:Greece
14256:France
14170:Europe
14111:Turkey
14094:Taiwan
13834:Africa
13712:Turkey
13702:Sweden
13692:Russia
13680:Poland
13675:Norway
13664:Latvia
13653:Greece
13643:France
13599:Europe
13577:Turkey
13565:Taiwan
13481:Mexico
13474:Canada
13467:Brazil
13429:Africa
13321:SJ X40
13317:X 2000
13312:SCB-40
13302:Re 460
13271:Regina
13194:CR200J
13190:Fuxing
13159:ACS-64
13079:Sapsan
13036:Fuxing
12949:Duplex
12945:RĆ©seau
12751:Maglev
12126:Harbor
12121:Hangar
12040:Shweeb
11745:Pesero
11700:DolmuÅ
11571:Maglev
11424:Pesero
11407:driver
11360:driver
11253:
11215:
11185:
11146:
11080:
11035:
10986:
10943:
10908:
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