1245:
196:
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475:
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169:. For cellular backhaul, the reduced cost per bit of many HTS platforms creates a significantly more favorable economic model for wireless operators to use satellite for cellular voice and data backhaul. Some HTS platforms are designed primarily for the enterprise, telecom or maritime sectors. HTS can furthermore support point-to-multipoint applications and even broadcast services such as
67:
single beam (usually in the order of thousands of kilometers) to cover wide regions or even entire continents. In addition to a large amount of bandwidth capacity HTS are defined by the fact that they often, but not solely, target the consumer market. In the last 10 years, the majority of high-throughput satellites operated in the
191:
Industry analysts at
Northern Sky Research believe that high-throughput satellites will supply at least 1.34 TB/s of capacity by 2020 and thus will be a driving power for the global satellite backhaul market which is expected to triple in value – jumping from the 2012 annual revenue of about US$
160:
HTS are primarily deployed to provide broadband
Internet access service (point-to-point) to regions unserved or underserved by terrestrial technologies where they can deliver services comparable to terrestrial services in terms of pricing and bandwidth. While many current HTS platforms were designed
156:
can supply a gigabit of throughput in space for less than $ 3 million. While a reduced cost per bit is often cited as a substantial advantage of high-throughput satellites, the lowest cost per bit is not always the main driver behind the design of an HTS system, depending on the industry it will be
66:
technology which enables frequency re-use across multiple narrowly focused spot beams (usually in the order of hundreds of kilometers), as in cellular networks, which both are defining technical features of high-throughput satellites. By contrast traditional satellite technology utilizes a broad
161:
to serve the consumer broadband market, some are also offering services to government and enterprise markets, as well as to terrestrial cellular network operators who face growing demand for broadband
176:
A fundamental difference between HTS satellites is the fact that certain HTS are linked to ground infrastructure through a feeder link using a regional spot beam dictating the location of possible
674:
50:(also known as Jupiter-1) do provide more than 100 Gbit/s of capacity, which is more than 100 times the capacity offered by a conventional FSS satellite. When it was launched in October 2011
1012:
327:
114:
transmission via a geosynchronous satellite can exceed 550 ms which is detrimental to many digital connectivity applications, such as automated stock trades, hardcore gaming and
708:
824:
741:
613:
141:
constellation was the first MEO high-throughput satellite system, launched in 2013, and by 2018 more than 18,000 new LEO satellites had been proposed to launch by 2025.
1082:
903:
130:
of MEO and LEO orbits reduces ground station and satellite power requirements and costs, and so vastly increased throughput and global coverage is achieved by using
436:
144:
Despite the higher costs associated with spot beam technology, the overall cost per circuit is considerably lower as compared to shaped beam technology. While
2003:
1190:
990:
855:
682:
188:
can be set up in a wider area as their spotbeams' footprints cover entire continents and regions like it is the case for traditional satellites .
1038:
520:
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321:
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703:
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832:
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had more capacity (140 Gbit/s) than all other commercial communications satellites over North
America combined.
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1013:"Telebras e Viasat celebram Contrato Estratégico para avançar no uso comercial da capacidade do SGDC-1"
170:
3400:
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2008:
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27:
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35:
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75:, however this is not a defining criterion, and at the beginning of 2017 there was at least 10
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2395:
2199:
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38:(at least twice, though usually by a factor of 20 or more) for the same amount of allocated
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1996:
1931:
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881:
219:
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8:
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2018:
1980:
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1631:
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1601:
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152:
FSS bandwidth can cost well over $ 100 million per gigabit per second in space, HTS like
126:(LEO), with altitudes as low as 600 km and delays as short as 40ms. Also, the lower
3556:
2546:
2503:
2434:
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2234:
2209:
2144:
1991:
1712:
1621:
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119:
83:
HTS satellites projects, of which 3 were already launched and 7 were in construction.
62:
The significant increase in capacity is achieved by a high level frequency re-use and
3170:
2586:
2508:
2422:
2405:
2368:
2214:
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2013:
1879:
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1477:
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1454:
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1446:
480:
107:
2254:
1129:
1083:"SpaceX Falcon 9 delivers massive commercial satellite to orbit from Cape Canaveral"
783:
3436:
3115:
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424:
39:
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while other HTS satellites allow the use of any spot beam for the location of the
3310:
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3080:
2804:
2219:
2074:
1842:
1817:
1805:
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1573:
1415:
1347:
925:"EUTELSAT'S KA-SAT Satellite Successfully Lofted into Orbit by ILS Proton Rocket"
712:
291:
123:
173:
distribution to relatively small geographic areas served by a single spot beam.
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1534:
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1372:
1367:
1362:
904:"Eutelsat's High-Throughput KA-SAT Satellite on Track for December 20 Launch"
551:"High Throughput Satellites (HTS) are pushing open the satellite market door"
367:
267:
195:
47:
1244:
1060:
825:"Virtual Partner Series – HTS and VSAT: New Implications, New Opportunities"
3350:
3274:
3030:
2933:
2923:
2444:
2284:
2229:
2159:
2124:
2059:
1958:
1948:
1800:
1492:
1487:
1465:
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355:
349:
315:
309:
91:
785:
NSR Reports China's
Ambitious Constellation of 300 Small Satellites in LEO
3360:
3294:
2644:
2294:
2204:
2189:
2149:
2109:
1968:
1665:
1342:
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118:
video chats. and the focus for HTS is increasingly shifting to the lower
3325:
2649:
2356:
2054:
1963:
1919:
1889:
1867:
1646:
1314:
1309:
1263:
1240:
442:
231:
31:
1152:"Arianespace launches Eutelsat, ISRO satellites on first 2020 mission"
3279:
2913:
2868:
2634:
2099:
1914:
1681:
1655:
1502:
1278:
1256:
1235:
1210:
261:
249:
225:
166:
127:
99:
63:
1039:"SpaceX crests double-digit marker, notching tenth launch this year"
3380:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3243:
3191:
3007:
2858:
2838:
2629:
2619:
2536:
2361:
2184:
1670:
1430:
1230:
946:"Ariane ECA launches with Yahsat 1A and Intelsat on second attempt"
743:
Large LEO satellite constellations: Will it be different this time?
373:
343:
279:
255:
153:
135:
103:
51:
43:
2773:
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474:
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2863:
2624:
2609:
1827:
1539:
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774:
Satellite
Evolution Group, September 2017, Accessed 25 March 2021
729:
LEO and MEO broadband constellations mega source of consternation
406:
400:
379:
273:
145:
76:
68:
203:
coverage over Europe showing frequency reuse by different colors
3441:
3390:
3284:
3233:
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3141:
3131:
2982:
2853:
2828:
2654:
2614:
1936:
1563:
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1520:
1515:
1510:
1481:
1410:
430:
394:
385:
333:
303:
243:
200:
95:
614:"Satellite Broadband Industry Looks To Overcome Image Problem"
3426:
3223:
3017:
3012:
2957:
2941:
2918:
2639:
2576:
1884:
1405:
1301:
1215:
991:"Avanti announces successful launch of its HYLAS 2 Satellite"
675:"Next Generation of Satellite: High Capacity, High Potential"
237:
115:
2848:
2581:
1400:
1395:
1107:
746:
McKinsey & Company, 4 May 2020, Accessed 25 march 2021
1420:
521:"Regulation of Global Broadband Satellite Communications"
285:
138:
208:
134:
of many smaller, cheaper high-throughput satellites.
969:"Ariane 5 ECA launches with MSG-3 and EchoStar XVII"
470:
611:
86:Initially, HTS systems used satellites in the same
856:"Market Shift: HTS and O3b Satellites on the Rise"
548:
3538:
732:SpaceNews, 13 March 2018, Accessed 25 March 2021
672:
822:
518:
715:Telesat, February 2020, Accessed 25 March 2021
3468:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
3046:
2789:
1697:
1184:
788:SatNews, 8 March 2018, Accessed 25 March 2021
757:Low Earth Orbit satellites, improving latency
705:Real-Time Latency: Rethinking Remote Networks
645:"Viasat broadband 'super-satellite' launches"
642:
3060:
1198:
818:
816:
90:orbit (at an altitude of 35,786 km) as
42:, thus significantly reducing cost-per-bit.
2712:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
3053:
3039:
2796:
2782:
2748:
1704:
1690:
1260:
1191:
1177:
853:
771:LEO constellations and tracking challenges
668:
666:
445:satellite constellation (16 December 2022)
106:sharing TV and HTS functionality) but the
3494:List of communication satellite companies
813:
194:
3489:List of communications satellite firsts
663:
3539:
3371:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
1711:
966:
799:"The Bottom Line Archives Bottom Line"
192:800 million to $ 2.3 billion by 2021.
3034:
2777:
1685:
1172:
1108:"Satelit Broadband Pertama Indonesia"
1036:
882:"Satellite Mission Catalogue - WINDS"
612:Peter B. de Selding (18 March 2010).
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
3519:
2758:
1130:"Kacific1 High Throughput Satellite"
1080:
948:. NASASpaceFlight.com. 22 April 2011
760:OmniAccess, Accessed 29 October 2020
723:
721:
292:Inmarsat Global Xpress constellation
213:
2803:
288:satellite constellation (2013-2014)
13:
1243:
993:. businesswire.com. August 2, 2012
636:
579:
519:Rajesh Mehrotra (7 October 2011).
501:
209:List of high-throughput satellites
14:
3578:
3152:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
718:
681:. Satellite Today. Archived from
673:Giovanni Verlini (1 April 2011).
643:Jonathan Amos (22 October 2011).
585:
3518:
3507:
3506:
2757:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2726:
2347:Free-space optical communication
560:. Near Earth LLC. Archived from
549:Patrick M. French (7 May 2009).
473:
306:for TRIO Connect (November 2015)
16:Type of communications satellite
1144:
1122:
1100:
1074:
1045:
1030:
1005:
983:
960:
938:
917:
896:
874:
847:
823:David Bettinger (2 July 2012).
791:
777:
763:
749:
620:. Spacenews.com. Archived from
300:(NBN Co-1A) (30 September 2015)
94:craft (with satellites such as
735:
697:
605:
542:
1:
1037:Henry, Caleb (July 5, 2017).
967:Bergin, Chris (5 July 2012).
494:
199:
3473:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
3197:Very-small-aperture terminal
2733:Telecommunication portal
2514:Telecommunications equipment
324:(NBN Co-1B) (5 October 2016)
7:
3249:Digital audio radio service
3157:Motor-driven Satellite dish
2250:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1292:Ultra-high-energy gamma ray
1081:Dean, James (4 June 2018).
1019:(in Portuguese). 2019-04-29
854:Nick Ruble (18 July 2012).
466:
57:
10:
3583:
3547:High throughput satellites
1954:Telecommunications history
1287:Very-high-energy gamma ray
391:Yahsat-3 (25 January 2018)
184:. In the latter case, the
3562:Satellite Internet access
3552:Communications satellites
3502:
3481:
3460:
3409:
3304:Relay satellite companies
3303:
3257:
3205:
3124:
3101:High-throughput satellite
3086:Satellite Internet access
3068:
2950:
2932:
2904:
2811:
2721:
2663:
2600:
2562:Public Switched Telephone
2522:
2486:
2443:
2384:
2374:telecommunication circuit
2335:Fiber-optic communication
2318:
2080:Francis Blake (telephone)
2027:
1875:Optical telecommunication
1719:
1645:
1572:
1501:
1429:
1381:
1323:
1300:
1277:
1206:
831:. iDirect. Archived from
588:"Echostar 17 / Jupiter 1"
20:High-throughput satellite
3062:Satellite communications
2473:Orbital angular-momentum
1910:Satellite communications
1749:Communications satellite
1200:Electromagnetic spectrum
28:communications satellite
3410:Satellite manufacturers
2352:Molecular communication
2175:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2004:Undersea telegraph line
1739:Cable protection system
1154:. SpaceNews. 2020-01-16
801:. Northern Sky Research
489:Fixed-satellite service
3567:Satellite broadcasting
2494:Communication protocol
2280:Charles Sumner Tainter
2095:Walter Houser Brattain
2040:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1848:Information revolution
1248:
228:(IPSTAR) (August 2005)
205:
2468:Polarization-division
2200:Narinder Singh Kapany
2165:Erna Schneider Hoover
2085:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2065:Alexander Graham Bell
1796:online video platform
1247:
971:. NASASpaceflight.com
862:. Satellite spotlight
437:Eutelsat Konnect VHTS
198:
3076:Satellite television
2310:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2270:Almon Brown Strowger
2240:Charles Grafton Page
1895:Prepaid mobile phone
1823:Electrical telegraph
3461:Trade organizations
3452:Thales Alenia Space
3265:Astra Digital Radio
3258:Broadcast companies
3187:Satellite data unit
2951:Long range wireless
2260:Johann Philipp Reis
2019:Wireless revolution
1981:The Telephone Cases
1838:Hydraulic telegraph
1333:Extreme ultraviolet
685:on 3 September 2020
624:on February 2, 2013
592:Gunter's Space Page
439:(07 September 2022)
30:that provides more
3280:Sirius XM Holdings
3171:Parabolic antennas
2458:Frequency-division
2435:Telephone exchange
2305:Charles Wheatstone
2235:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2210:Innocenzo Manzetti
2145:Reginald Fessenden
1880:Optical telegraphy
1713:Telecommunications
1338:Vacuum ultraviolet
1249:
711:2021-07-21 at the
567:on 3 December 2012
451:(23 February 2023)
421:(17 December 2019)
415:(22 February 2019)
403:(14 November 2018)
206:
120:Medium Earth orbit
3534:
3533:
3091:Amateur satellite
3028:
3027:
2771:
2770:
2509:Store and forward
2504:Data transmission
2418:Network switching
2369:Transmission line
2215:Guglielmo Marconi
2180:Internet pioneers
2045:Mohamed M. Atalla
2014:Whistled language
1679:
1678:
1383:Visible (optical)
481:Technology portal
460:
459:
433:(24 October 2021)
427:(16 January 2020)
409:(5 December 2018)
112:internet protocol
110:for a round-trip
108:propagation delay
3574:
3522:
3521:
3510:
3509:
3437:Northrop Grumman
3116:Carriage dispute
3055:
3048:
3041:
3032:
3031:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2761:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2602:Notable networks
2592:Wireless network
2532:Cellular network
2524:Types of network
2499:Computer network
2386:Network topology
2300:Thomas A. Watson
2155:Oliver Heaviside
2140:Philo Farnsworth
2115:Daniel Davis Jr.
2090:Charles Bourseul
2050:John Logie Baird
1759:Data compression
1754:Computer network
1706:
1699:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1270:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1059:. Archived from
1053:"GSAT-19 - ISRO"
1049:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1009:
1003:
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987:
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871:
869:
867:
851:
845:
844:
842:
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811:
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806:
795:
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781:
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767:
761:
753:
747:
739:
733:
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701:
695:
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692:
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670:
661:
660:
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656:
640:
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631:
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609:
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602:
600:
598:
583:
577:
576:
574:
572:
566:
555:
546:
540:
539:
537:
535:
528:discussion paper
525:
516:
483:
478:
477:
425:Eutelsat Konnect
282:(September 2013)
214:
40:orbital spectrum
3582:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3498:
3477:
3456:
3432:Lockheed Martin
3405:
3311:AST SpaceMobile
3299:
3253:
3207:Satellite radio
3201:
3182:Satellite modem
3177:Satellite phone
3162:Multi-satellite
3120:
3106:Relay satellite
3081:Satellite radio
3064:
3059:
3029:
3024:
2946:
2928:
2900:
2807:
2805:Internet access
2802:
2772:
2767:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2659:
2596:
2518:
2482:
2439:
2388:
2380:
2321:
2314:
2220:Robert Metcalfe
2075:Tim Berners-Lee
2023:
1843:Information Age
1715:
1710:
1680:
1675:
1641:
1568:
1543:
1529:
1497:
1425:
1377:
1319:
1296:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1202:
1197:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1057:www.isro.gov.in
1051:
1050:
1046:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
989:
988:
984:
974:
972:
965:
961:
951:
949:
944:
943:
939:
929:
927:
923:
922:
918:
908:
906:
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
880:
879:
875:
865:
863:
860:feature article
852:
848:
838:
836:
835:on 22 July 2012
821:
814:
804:
802:
797:
796:
792:
782:
778:
768:
764:
754:
750:
740:
736:
726:
719:
713:Wayback Machine
702:
698:
688:
686:
671:
664:
654:
652:
641:
637:
627:
625:
610:
606:
596:
594:
586:Krebs, Gunter.
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553:
547:
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531:
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382:(12 April 2017)
246:(December 2010)
240:(February 2008)
211:
204:
149:
124:Low Earth orbit
80:
72:
60:
34:than a classic
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11:
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3167:Satellite dish
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2265:Claude Shannon
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2257:
2255:Tivadar Puskás
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2225:Antonio Meucci
2222:
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2195:Charles K. Kao
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2170:Harold Hopkins
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2070:Emile Berliner
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2009:Videotelephony
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884:. eoportal.org
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413:Nusantara Satu
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388:(January 2018)
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132:constellations
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3137:Monoblock LNB
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3130:
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3069:Main articles
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2478:Code-division
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2463:Time-division
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2412:
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2389:and switching
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2340:optical fiber
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2330:Coaxial cable
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2135:Lee de Forest
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2130:Thomas Edison
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2120:Donald Davies
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2105:Claude Chappe
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1087:Florida Today
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369:
368:Eutelsat 172B
366:
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275:
272:
269:
268:EchoStar XVII
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
234:(August 2007)
233:
230:
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74:
65:
55:
53:
49:
48:EchoStar XVII
45:
41:
37:
36:FSS satellite
33:
29:
25:
21:
3524:
3512:
3351:Intersputnik
3275:Dish Network
3100:
2934:Wireless LAN
2924:Wireless USB
2906:Wireless PAN
2445:Multiplexing
2320:Transmission
2285:Nikola Tesla
2275:Henry Sutton
2230:Samuel Morse
2160:Robert Hooke
2125:Amos Dolbear
2060:John Bardeen
1979:
1959:Telautograph
1863:Mobile phone
1818:Edholm's law
1801:social media
1734:Broadcasting
1251:
1156:. Retrieved
1146:
1136:November 13,
1134:. Retrieved
1124:
1114:November 13,
1112:. Retrieved
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:
1076:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:the original
1056:
1047:
1032:
1021:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
997:November 13,
995:. Retrieved
985:
975:November 13,
973:. Retrieved
962:
950:. Retrieved
940:
930:November 13,
928:. Retrieved
919:
909:November 13,
907:. Retrieved
898:
888:November 13,
886:. Retrieved
876:
864:. Retrieved
859:
849:
837:. Retrieved
833:the original
829:blog article
828:
805:November 13,
803:. Retrieved
793:
784:
779:
770:
765:
756:
751:
742:
737:
728:
704:
699:
687:. Retrieved
683:the original
679:news article
678:
653:. Retrieved
649:news article
648:
638:
626:. Retrieved
622:the original
618:news article
617:
607:
595:. Retrieved
591:
581:
569:. Retrieved
562:the original
558:guest column
557:
544:
532:. Retrieved
527:
462:
454:
362:Intelsat 35e
356:Intelsat 37e
350:Intelsat 32e
330:(4 May 2017)
322:Sky Muster 2
316:Intelsat 33e
310:Intelsat 29e
298:Sky Muster 1
264:(April 2012)
252:(April 2011)
190:
175:
159:
143:
92:satellite TV
85:
61:
23:
19:
18:
3361:SED Systems
3295:1worldspace
3111:Transponder
2645:NPL network
2357:Radio waves
2295:Alfred Vail
2205:Hedy Lamarr
2190:Dawon Kahng
2150:Elisha Gray
2110:Yogen Dalal
2035:Nasir Ahmed
1969:Teleprinter
1833:Heliographs
1666:Medium wave
1343:Lyman-alpha
1325:Ultraviolet
1264:wavelengths
1257:frequencies
1221:Ultraviolet
1110:. psn.co.id
952:13 November
449:ChinaSat 26
397:(June 2018)
346:(June 2017)
294:(2013-2015)
276:(July 2012)
270:(July 2012)
222:(July 2004)
128:path losses
3541:Categories
3326:Globalstar
2998:Muni Wi-Fi
2889:Power-line
2691:Antarctica
2650:Toasternet
2572:Television
2055:Paul Baran
1987:Television
1971:(teletype)
1964:Telegraphy
1942:transistor
1920:Phryctoria
1890:Photophone
1868:Smartphone
1858:Mass media
1647:Wavelength
1503:Microwaves
1315:Hard X-ray
1310:Soft X-ray
1279:Gamma rays
1211:Gamma rays
1158:2020-06-06
1067:2017-06-05
1023:2024-05-25
1017:viasat.com
495:References
443:O3b mPOWER
380:Shijian 13
336:(May 2017)
232:Spaceway-3
167:cell sites
122:(MEO) and
32:throughput
3557:Broadband
3132:SAT>IP
3003:Satellite
2914:Bluetooth
2894:Broadband
2869:IEEE 1901
2675:Americas
2664:Locations
2635:Internet2
2396:Bandwidth
2100:Vint Cerf
1997:streaming
1975:Telephone
1915:Semaphore
1806:streaming
1661:Shortwave
1656:Microwave
1236:Microwave
419:Kacific-1
262:Yahsat 1B
250:Yahsat 1A
226:Thaicom 4
186:teleports
182:teleports
178:teleports
165:to rural
157:serving.
100:Yahsat 1A
64:spot beam
3513:Category
3381:Starlink
3376:Star One
3346:Intelsat
3341:Inmarsat
3331:Hispasat
3321:Eutelsat
3316:EchoStar
3192:Spacebus
3125:Hardware
3008:UMTS-TDD
2859:HomePlug
2839:Ethernet
2743:Category
2630:Internet
2620:CYCLADES
2537:Ethernet
2487:Concepts
2411:terminal
2362:wireless
2185:Bob Kahn
2028:Pioneers
1853:Internet
1744:Cable TV
1671:Longwave
1431:Infrared
1231:Infrared
1092:13 April
709:Archived
467:See also
344:ViaSat-2
280:Astra 2E
256:ViaSat-1
163:backhaul
154:ViaSat-1
104:Astra 2E
58:Overview
52:ViaSat-1
44:ViaSat-1
3525:Commons
3396:Turksat
3386:Telesat
3356:Iridium
3290:Allente
3270:DirecTV
3244:ISDB-S3
3239:DVB-S2X
3229:DVB-RCS
2864:HomePNA
2824:Dial-up
2763:Commons
2753:Outline
2706:Oceania
2625:FidoNet
2610:ARPANET
2423:circuit
1992:digital
1721:History
1262:longer
1255:higher
1226:Visible
866:22 July
839:21 July
689:19 July
655:22 July
628:22 July
571:19 July
534:22 July
407:GSAT-11
401:GSAT-29
374:GSAT-19
274:HYLAS 2
220:Anik F2
26:) is a
3442:SpaceX
3422:Boeing
3417:Airbus
3401:Viasat
3391:Tooway
3336:Hughes
3285:Sky UK
3234:DVB-S2
3219:DVB-SH
3142:DiSEqC
2983:iBurst
2854:Nessum
2829:DOCSIS
2701:Europe
2671:Africa
2655:Usenet
2615:BITNET
2552:Mobile
2428:packet
1937:MOSFET
1932:device
1729:Beacon
1564:L band
1559:S band
1554:C band
1549:X band
1535:K band
1521:Q band
1516:V band
1511:W band
1416:Orange
1411:Yellow
1391:Violet
1302:X-rays
1216:X-rays
597:9 July
455:
431:SES-17
395:SES-12
386:SES-14
376:(2017)
370:(2017)
364:(2017)
358:(2017)
352:(2017)
334:SES-15
318:(2016)
312:(2016)
304:Badr-7
244:KA-SAT
201:KA-SAT
96:KA-SAT
3482:Lists
3427:INVAP
3224:S-DMB
3147:USALS
3018:WiBro
3013:WiMAX
2958:5G NR
2942:Wi-Fi
2919:Li-Fi
2819:Cable
2812:Wired
2684:South
2679:North
2640:JANET
2577:Telex
2567:Radio
2406:Nodes
2401:Links
2322:media
1900:Radio
1885:Pager
1813:Drums
1779:video
1774:image
1764:audio
1649:types
1574:Radio
1470:Bands
1443:Bands
1406:Green
1241:Radio
651:. BBC
565:(PDF)
554:(PDF)
530:. ITU
524:(PDF)
238:WINDS
136:SES's
116:Skype
2993:MMDS
2978:HSPA
2973:GPRS
2968:EVDO
2963:DECT
2879:MoCA
2874:ISDN
2849:G.hn
2844:FTTx
2696:Asia
2582:UUCP
2542:ISDN
1544:band
1530:band
1488:LWIR
1466:MWIR
1461:SWIR
1401:Cyan
1396:Blue
1138:2022
1116:2022
1094:2021
999:2022
977:2022
954:2022
932:2022
911:2022
890:2022
868:2012
841:2012
807:2022
691:2012
657:2012
630:2012
599:2012
573:2012
536:2012
328:SGDC
150:band
102:and
81:band
73:band
46:and
3447:SSL
3366:SES
2988:LTE
2884:PON
2834:DSL
2587:WAN
2557:NGN
2547:LAN
1828:Fax
1769:DCT
1637:ELF
1632:SLF
1627:ULF
1622:VLF
1602:VHF
1597:UHF
1592:SHF
1587:EHF
1582:THF
1493:FIR
1439:NIR
1421:Red
1373:UVA
1368:UVB
1363:UVC
1358:NUV
1353:MUV
1348:FUV
286:O3b
171:DTH
139:O3b
24:HTS
3543::
3211:TV
3209:/
1617:LF
1612:MF
1607:HF
1480:,
1476:,
1472::
1453:,
1449:,
1445::
1085:.
1055:.
1015:.
858:.
827:.
815:^
720:^
677:.
665:^
647:.
616:.
590:.
556:.
526:.
503:^
98:,
3173:)
3169:(
3054:e
3047:t
3040:v
2797:e
2790:t
2783:v
2714:)
2710:(
1705:e
1698:t
1691:v
1542:u
1540:K
1528:a
1526:K
1484:)
1482:N
1478:M
1474:L
1468:(
1457:)
1455:H
1451:K
1447:J
1441:(
1267:→
1253:←
1192:e
1185:t
1178:v
1161:.
1140:.
1118:.
1096:.
1070:.
1026:.
1001:.
979:.
956:.
934:.
913:.
892:.
870:.
843:.
809:.
693:.
659:.
632:.
601:.
575:.
538:.
148:u
146:K
79:u
77:K
71:a
69:K
22:(
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