1042:
1093:
1011:
2189:
949:
90:
1654:
1292:
2016:
1242:
1026:
1532:
4257:
1257:
994:
1116:
2124:
336:
1953:
1453:
744:
1572:
1424:, the capital of Poland, has seen the development of an array of skyscrapers. Russia is also currently undergoing a dramatic buildout, growing a commercially shaped skyline. Moreover, the ongoing changes made to postwar housing estates since the 2000s in former communist countries vary – ranging from simply applying a new coat of paint to the previously grey exterior to thorough modernisation of entire buildings.
1230:
51:
3681:
865:
356:
75:
565:
1693:(demolished and redeveloped), St Joseph's Gardens (demolished; replaced by Killarney Court flat complex), St Teresa's Gardens, Dolphin House, Liberty House, St Michael's Estate (8 storeys) and O'Devaney Gardens and a lot more mainly throughout the north and south inner city of Dublin. Suburban flat complexes were built exclusively on the northside of the city in
1107:
inhabitant would enjoy "the illusion of living on the second floor", accomplished by folding concrete floor planes (like "bamboo mats," claims the firm), so that every third story opens into a private courtyard. In the larger towers, the two-story units are stacked slightly askew, adding to the visual interest of the variegated façades (Goldhagen 2012)."
1080:), and the New York City-based Steven Holl in the transformation of residential towers into "vertical communities" or "vertical cities in the sky" providing aesthetic, unusually designed silhouettes on the skyline, comfortable private spaces and attractive public spaces. None of these "functional, handsome, and humane high-rise residential buildings" are
1177:. The South Korean government needed to build many apartment complexes in the cities to be able to accommodate the citizens. In the 60 years since, as the population increased considerably, tower blocks have become more common. This time, however, the new tower blocks integrated shopping malls, parking systems, and other convenient facilities.
1791:
estate. These eleven-story towers were completed in 1961 and were the first tall council housing blocks on the island of
Ireland. The NIHT also designed the inner city Divis Flats complex. The six-to-eight-storey deck-access flats that comprised most of the Divis estate were of poor build quality and
936:
were originally designed to house young "swinging single" middle class residents, but the apartments lacked appeal and the area quickly became much poorer. From its early days of implementation the concept was criticised for making residents feel unsafe, including large empty common areas dominated
560:
was motorized by
Magirus in 1904. The definition of a maximum of 22 meters for the highest floor was common in the building regulations at the time and it is still so today in Germany. The common height for turntable ladders did later go to 32 meters (100 feet), so that 30 meter is a common limit in
2163:
Deck access is a type of flat that is accessed from a walkway that is open to the elements, as opposed to flats that are accessed from fully enclosed internal corridors. Deck-access blocks of flats are usually fairly low-rise structures. The decks can vary from simple walkways, which may be covered
1883:
depending on their height. Tall residential towers are a staple building type in all large cities. Their relative prominence in
Canadian cities varies substantially, however. In general, more populated cities have more high-rises than smaller cities, due to a relative scarcity of land and a greater
1596:
Although Tower blocks are controversial and numerous examples have been demolished, many still remain in large cities. Due to lack of proper regulation, some tower blocks present a significant fire risk and even though there have been efforts to make them more safe, modern safety precautions can be
831:
The ideal of
Streets in the Sky often did not work in practice. Unlike an actual city street, these walkways were not thoroughfares, and often came to a dead end multiple storeys above the ground. They lacked a regular flow of passers-by, and the walkways and especially the stairwells could not be
1106:
The 2012 Pritzker Prize was awarded to
Chinese architect Wang Shu. Among his winning designs is the Vertical Courtyard Apartments, six 26-story towers by his architectural firm Amateur Architecture Studio built in Hangzhou. "These towers were designed to house two-story apartments, in which every
2154:
took charge and flats were let to low income and immigrant families. During the 1980s many people escaping communism in
Eastern bloc countries were housed in these buildings. Developers have enthusiastically adopted the term "apartment" for these new high-rise blocks, perhaps to avoid the stigma
1934:
Toronto contains the second largest concentration of high-rise apartment buildings in North
America (after New York). In Canada, like in other New World countries, but unlike Western Europe, most high-rise towers are located in the city centre (or "downtown"), where smaller, older buildings were
1819:
built three thirteen-story towers for use as staff accommodation, prominently located adjacent to the M2 Motorway at
Broadway. Belfast City Hospital also constructed a high-rise slab block which since privatisation has been named Bradbury Court, formerly known as Erskine House. Queens University
2030:
In the United States, tower blocks are commonly referred to as "midrise" or "highrise apartment buildings", depending on their height, while buildings that house fewer flats (apartments), or are not as tall as the tower blocks, are called "lowrise apartment buildings". Specifically, "midrise"
1810:
schemes (most notably the now demolished Unity Flats and the
Weetabix Flats in the Shankill area), New Lodge was its only high-rise project in the inner city; there were three more in outlying areas of the city during the 1960s, two being in Mount Vernon in North Belfast and one being in the
1601:
fire in 2017 was partly caused by council ignorance, as a local action group complained to the council about the fire hazards of the tower several years before the incident, yet remedial work had not been carried out. This fire further made tower blocks less desirable to
British residents.
561:
some building regulations today, for example in Switzerland. Any building that exceeds the height of the usual turntable ladders in a city must install additional fire safety equipment, so that these high-rise buildings have a different section in the building regulations in the world.
1764:, built separately in 1966, still stands, however; and in 2007 work began to convert the former British Army base at the top two floors into new dwellings. Divis Tower was for several decades Ireland's tallest residential building, having since being surpassed by the privately owned
1407:
In Eastern European countries, opinions about these buildings vary greatly, with some deeming them as eyesores on their city's landscape while others glorify them as relics of a bygone age and historical examples of unique architectural styles (such as socialist realism,
980:—started to prevail in urban planning practice, as they allowed for more careful and efficient planning of the rapid urban expansion. These complexes were seen as an opportunity to build a collective society, an environment suitable and necessary for the new way of life.
525:. This technique of building was implemented to protect residents from Bedouin attacks. While Shibam has existed for around two thousand years, most of the city's houses date from the 16th century. The city has the tallest mud buildings in the world, some more than 30
1589:, and were seen as a cheap way to replace 19th-century urban slums and war-damaged buildings. They were originally seen as desirable, but quickly fell out of favour as tower blocks attracted rising crime and social disorder, particularly after the collapse of
218:, while residential blocks are usually constructed of concrete. There is no clear difference between a tower block and a skyscraper, although a building with forty or more stories and taller than 150 metres (490 ft) is generally considered a skyscraper.
1330:
due to the severe damages that Polish cities sustained during World War II. Throughout the former Eastern Bloc countries, tower blocks built during the Soviet years make up much of the current housing estates and most of them were built in the specific
2145:
until the 1960s, when a short-lived fashion saw public housing tenants located in new high-rise developments, especially in Sydney and Melbourne. The buildings pictured along with four other 16-story blocks were constructed on behalf of the
827:
were the largest social housing scheme in Europe when built in 1972 but lasted just 22 years. The Crescents had one of the worst reputations of any British social housing schemes and were marred by numerous design and practical problems.
1368:, the mass construction of standardised housing blocks began in the 1950s and 1960s with the outskirts of the cities, some of which were made up of slums. Construction continued in the 1970s and 1980s, under the
1439:). However, not all flat dwellers in Eastern Europe live in Cold War-era blocks of flats; many live in buildings constructed after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and some in buildings that survived World War II.
1760:. The mid-rise Divis flats complex in west Belfast was built between 1968 and 1972. It was demolished in the early 1990s after the residents demanded new houses due to mounting problems with their flats.
2937:
1505:
In Western Europe, there are fewer high-rise buildings because of the historic city centres. In the 1960s, developers began demolishing older buildings to replace them with modern high-rise buildings.
3336:
502:(土楼), the latter are large, enclosed and fortified earth building, between three and five stories high and housing up to 80 families. The oldest still standing tulou dates back from the 14th century.
1058:
Residential tower complexes are common in Asian countries such as China, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, Pakistan, Iran and South Korea, as urban densities are very high. In
2100:
counterparts, commercially developed high-rise apartment buildings continue to flourish in cities around the country largely due to high land prices and the housing boom of the 2000s. The
393:(r. 30 BC – 14 AD), set limits of 20–25 metres (66–82 ft) for multi-story buildings, but met with limited success, as these limits were often ignored despite the likelihood of taller
4357:
1041:
261:
and wind danger concerns are addressed. In order to allow less wind exposure, to transmit more daylight to the ground and to appear more slender, many high-rises have a design with
2049:
The government's experiments in the 1960s and 1970s to use high-rise apartments as a means of providing the housing solution for the poor broadly resulted in failure. Made in the
1435:
states, a majority of the population lives in flats in Latvia (65.1%), Estonia (63.8%), Lithuania (58.4%), Czech Republic (52.8%), and Slovakia (50.3%) (as of 2014, data from
1158:" (マンション). The "mansion" nickname is used for both residential towers and for individual condominium apartments (for being roomy, spacey enough to compare to detached houses).
479:, a law of 1251 decreed that all urban buildings should be reduced to a height of less than 26 m, the regulation immediately put into effect. Even medium-sized towns such as
1190:
In Seoul, approximately 80 percent of its residents live in apartment complexes which comprise 98 percent of recent residential construction. Seoul proper is noted for its
1066:, land prices are so high that a large portion of the population lives in high-rise apartments. In fact, over 60% of Hong Kong residents live in apartments, many of them
3036:
1288:, already started building housing estates that were considered to be of a high standard for their time, many of these structures perished during the Second World War.
4292:
3080:
1416:, and especially in the late 1990s and early 2000s, many of the former Eastern Bloc countries have begun construction of new, more expensive and modern housing. The
1076:(2012) celebrated the work of innovative architecture firms such as WOHA (based in Singapore), Mass Studies (based in Seoul), Amateur Architecture Studio (based in
5331:
241:. They also pose serious challenges to firefighters during emergencies in high-rise structures. New and old building design, building systems such as the building
890:
high-rise apartment buildings characterized by a high-rise building surrounded by a swath of landscaped land; e.g., the tower does not directly front the street.
5060:
1376:, which consisted largely of the demolition and reconstruction of existing villages, towns, and cities, in whole or in part, in order to build blocks of flats (
3135:
4828:
1343:. However, there were also larger and more ambitious projects built in Eastern Europe at the time, which have since become recognisable examples of post-war
2764:
2671:
Jerome, Pamela; Chiari, Giacomo; Borelli, Caterina (1999), "The Architecture of Mud: Construction and Repair Technology in the Hadhramaut Region of Yemen",
381:, some of which might have reached up to ten or more stories, one reportedly having 200 stairs. Because of the destruction caused by poorly built high-rise
5030:
1689:
song "Running to Stand Still". They have since been demolished. Inner Dublin flat complexes, typically of 4-5 storeys include Sheriff Street (demolished),
2992:
1685:
were built between 1966 and 1969: seven 15-story towers, nineteen 8-story blocks and ten 4-story blocks. These were the "seven towers" referred to in the
4474:
5326:
5321:
5145:
4573:
3713:
815:. As another large example, in 2005 it was decided to carry out a 20-year process of demolition and replacement of dwellings with modern houses in the
312:
The International Conference on Fire Safety in High-Rise Buildings defined a high-rise as "any structure where the height can have a serious impact on
2870:
5120:
4909:
941:
culture and crime. The layout was criticised for normalising anti-social behaviour and hampering the efforts of essential services, particularly for
456:
also had high-rise apartment buildings where the two lower floors were for commercial and storage purposes and the multiple stories above them were
5295:
5110:
4959:
3351:
2356:
5458:
5300:
4833:
4533:
302:
defines a high-rise as "A multi-story structure between 35–100 metres (115–328 ft) tall, or a building of unknown height from 12–39 floors."
610:, as steel for framework was unavailable in post-war France. Residential tower blocks became standard in housing urban populations displaced by
5240:
4838:
4563:
4379:
4285:
3800:
2006:
1772:
remains, although so too the problems that residents face, such as poor piping and limited sanitation. Farther north, the four tower blocks in
471:
cities was dominated by large numbers of high-rising urban towers, which fulfilled defensive but also representative purposes. The residential
3282:
5386:
5220:
5205:
5018:
4954:
4728:
973:
1557:, even though the district is mainly "commercial". This allows the residents to walk to the nearby office buildings without using vehicles.
4703:
4688:
4404:
533:) high. Shibam has been called "one of the oldest and best examples of urban planning based on the principle of vertical construction" or "
5040:
4904:
4894:
4884:
4362:
4312:
3109:
838:
326:
Most building engineers, inspectors, architects and similar professionals define a high-rise as a building that is at least 75 feet tall.
5290:
5255:
4414:
4409:
4399:
2010:
401:
were typically occupied by either shops or wealthy families, while the upper stories were rented out to the lower classes. Surviving
5275:
5210:
4879:
4874:
4778:
4758:
4753:
4278:
3843:
2150:
and were available to sailors and their families for accommodation. Due to social problems within these blocks the Navy left and the
1752:, but taller high-rises are generally more common than in the Republic of Ireland. Most tower blocks and flat complexes are found in
1314:, tower blocks were constructed in great numbers to produce plenty of cheap accommodation for the growing postwar populations of the
883:
5305:
5195:
4889:
4798:
4783:
4713:
4698:
4384:
4374:
4301:
3810:
3730:
3451:
2974:
Frykholm, H. (2023). ‘A Village Stood on End’: Anthropology and the Interior of the Modernist Tower. Fabrications, 33(2), 359–377.
2842:
2386:
5366:
5265:
5165:
5075:
4618:
4464:
4459:
4027:
1264:. With the 2010s, renovation of older apartment buildings in Eastern Europe has become common, especially in countries which get
1820:
Belfast built several eleven storey towers at its Queens Elms student accommodation. Of the three sixteen-story point blocks of
1802:
constructed seven tower blocks on the former Victoria Barracks site in the New Lodge district. While the Corporation built some
5250:
5230:
5095:
4848:
4813:
4763:
4648:
4588:
4508:
4449:
4444:
3706:
2132:
928:
By the early 1970s, opposition to this style of towers mounted, with many, including urban planners, now referring to them as "
3048:
2807:
832:
seen by anyone elsewhere, so there was no deterrent to crime and disorder. There were no "eyes on the street" as advocated by
5280:
5235:
5200:
5175:
5155:
5150:
5140:
5130:
5125:
5115:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5070:
5065:
5052:
4944:
4919:
4858:
4808:
4773:
4768:
4738:
4718:
4673:
4653:
4518:
4489:
4484:
3663:
3597:
3547:
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3234:
2623:
1792:
were all demolished by the early 1990s. Similar slab blocks were built by the NIHT in East Belfast (Tullycarnet) and Derry's
2168:, where the decks are wide enough to allow electric vehicles; however, the design is inspired by French Modernist architect
646:, that established since the 1980s, a more classical approach came back to global skyscraper design, that is popular today.
5443:
5346:
5285:
5270:
5245:
5225:
5215:
5190:
5135:
5100:
5025:
5010:
4853:
4843:
4823:
4743:
4693:
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4678:
4643:
4598:
4578:
4568:
4553:
4548:
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4538:
4523:
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4454:
4439:
4434:
4426:
4391:
4188:
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1807:
428:
housed many high-rise residential buildings, some seven stories tall that could reportedly accommodate hundreds of people.
320:
167:, or with multiple purposes combined. Residential high-rise buildings are also known in some varieties of English, such as
1705:. These flats were badly affected by a heroin epidemic that hit working-class areas of Dublin in the 1980s and early 90s.
968:
The history of microdistricts as an urban planning concept dates back to the 1920s, when the Soviet Union underwent rapid
905:
aimed at reducing the problem of urban congestion. It was introduced in several large cities across the world, notably in
283:
and single-family houses, apartment blocks accommodate more inhabitants per unit of area of land and decrease the cost of
5260:
5185:
5180:
5160:
5105:
4818:
4803:
4793:
4748:
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4708:
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4613:
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4369:
4347:
2136:
1838:
1787:(NIHT) as part of overspill housing schemes, the first such development being the pair of point blocks in East Belfast's
1899:, height restrictions, and lower growth rates. In middle-sized cities with a relatively low population density, such as
1724:
witnessed new large apartment building, although their heights have generally been restricted. Some large towns such as
763:, but also shops and other community facilities within high-rise blocks. Examples of the buildings and developments are
5170:
4788:
4658:
4623:
4608:
4583:
4512:
4504:
4499:
3499:
1637:. In east London, some old high-rises are being gentrified, in addition to new high-rises being built in areas such as
1319:
1265:
627:
976:, residential complexes—compact territories with residential dwellings, schools, shops, entertainment facilities, and
5418:
4949:
4723:
4593:
4352:
3699:
3411:
3207:
2601:
2573:
2549:
2523:
2478:
2318:
1992:
1492:
1401:
79:
2618:
Werner Müller: "dtv-Atlas Baukunst I. Allgemeiner Teil: Baugeschichte von Mesopotamien bis Byzanz", 14th ed., 2005,
2277:
1361:, with a length of 860 m (2,821.52 ft) and 1,792 flats, it is the second longest housing block in Europe.
4964:
4939:
4924:
4899:
3146:
1816:
1092:
803:. These were an attempt to develop a new architecture, differentiated from earlier large housing estates, such as
4148:
3300:
2772:
1610:
1413:
1381:
630:; many older skyscrapers were redesigned to suit contemporary tastes or even got demolished - such as New York's
3024:
2164:
or uncovered, to decks wide enough for small vehicles. The best-known example of deck-access flats in the UK is
1538:
1070:. Of them in 2020, 2,112,138 were identified residents of public housing, which is 28% of the total population.
1974:
1784:
1474:
1323:
3311:
1673:
The majority of residential high-rise buildings in the Republic of Ireland were concentrated in the suburb of
5423:
4974:
3171:
2104:
in New York City, featuring high-rise apartments, is the wealthiest urban neighborhood in the United States.
1566:
1365:
961:
5499:
4979:
2921:
1970:
1470:
850:
provides a more successful example of the concept, with the fifth floor walkway including a shop and café.
662:
5371:
5356:
3685:
3337:"Unsafe cladding removal works still incomplete on over 300 high-rise buildings in Manchester and London"
2248:
2115:, having a height of 1,550 feet (470 m) with the highest occupied floor at 1,417 feet (432 m).
2038:
towers in Manhattan, New York City, completed in 1939. Their cross-shaped design was copied in towers in
1513:
3476:
2950:
1417:
4993:
3833:
1531:
1067:
643:
31:
2820:
2335:
5428:
4969:
4929:
4332:
2253:
2035:
1690:
1369:
1010:
808:
710:
67:
55:
17:
275:, and have become a distinctive feature of housing accommodation in virtually all densely populated
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2217:
1614:
1575:
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654:
421:
284:
242:
226:
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dominate the local skyline, while in south Belfast, the tower blocks in Seymour Hill, Belvoir and
843:
593:
5453:
5376:
5336:
4914:
3931:
3926:
3722:
1963:
1748:
Tower blocks in Northern Ireland were never built to the frequency as in cities on the island of
1463:
1380:), as a result of increasing urbanisation following an accelerated industrialisation process. In
694:
635:
2786:
2752:
258:
5381:
4934:
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4055:
4007:
3881:
2234:
2229:
1844:
1708:
Residential tower blocks were previously uncommon outside of Dublin, but during the era of the
1344:
1285:
1250:
948:
922:
736:"Streets in the sky" redirects here. For the third studio album by UK rock band The Enemy, see
666:
585:
262:
222:
3224:
2330:
2031:
buildings are as tall as the streets are wide, allowing five hours of sunlight on the street.
5468:
5361:
3976:
3921:
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3891:
3775:
3753:
2310:
2151:
2147:
1896:
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194:(lift) and with less expensive, more abundant building materials. The materials used for the
1756:, although many of these have been demolished since the 1990s and replaced with traditional
1653:
257:
evacuations pose significant problems. Studies are often required to ensure that pedestrian
89:
5413:
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2165:
1892:
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902:
792:
721:
690:
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Knapp, Ronald G.. China's old dwellings. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2000. 266.
1554:
1373:
8:
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3823:
3285:[Urbanization in the 20th century Romania: interwar period vs communist period].
2282:
2066:
1916:
1799:
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1598:
364:
199:
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see section Source data for tables and figures, Housing statistics: tables and figures
3017:
2846:
2688:
2397:
2108:
2039:
2019:
1769:
1291:
1261:
1191:
1119:
1081:
854:
812:
804:
776:
737:
717:
682:
402:
272:
268:
152:
35:
2015:
5438:
4223:
4183:
4065:
4060:
3941:
3659:
3593:
3586:
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3251:
3230:
3203:
2619:
2597:
2569:
2545:
2519:
2474:
2314:
2261:
2112:
2085:" and are now being torn down, renovated, or replaced. Another example is the former
2062:
2050:
1912:
1638:
1400:
resulted from two main factors: the postwar housing shortage and the ideology of the
1354:
1332:
1241:
725:
623:
475:
numbered between 80 and 100 at a time, the largest of which still rise to 97.2 m. In
472:
369:
323:
defines a high-rise as being higher than 75 feet (23 m), or about seven stories.
195:
144:
3650:. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Dordrecht, NL: Springer. pp. 451–452.
3110:"2012 Pritzker Prize Awarded to Wang Shu – First Chinese Architect to Win the Award"
2026:, New York City, the tallest residential high-rise tower in the world, December 2020
1768:
in the city centre. In the north of the city, the iconic seven-tower complex in the
755:
that emerged in Britain in the 1960s and 1970s. Generally built to replace run-down
4270:
4012:
3956:
3911:
3871:
3818:
3651:
3607:
3403:
Tower Block: Modern Public Housing in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
2735:
2680:
2654:
2541:
2267:
1517:
1126:
816:
796:
670:
557:
553:
461:
230:
3655:
3555:
3378:
1151:" (アパート）is used to describe a rather small apartment, initially made to be rented;
440:, in the early 11th century, described some of them rising up to 14 stories, with
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772:
631:
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234:
168:
156:
2751:
possibly by Jay Thakkar, "High Rise Residential Towers", (self-published, n.d.)
2373:
498:
structures designed to be easily defensible in the forms of Weilongwu (围龙屋) and
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4158:
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1025:
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611:
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540:
The engineer's definition of high-rise buildings comes from the development of
491:
406:
250:
207:
3500:"de beste bron van informatie over sustainingtowers. Deze website is te koop!"
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region or if the underlying soils have geotechnical risk factors such as high
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1936:
1749:
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521:, which rise five to sixteen stories high, with each floor having one or two
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Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 2719, in: Katja Lembke, Cäcilia Fluck, Günter Vittmann:
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There are old high-rise buildings built in the 1960s and 1970s in areas of
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now either means an employer-provided housing or has a meaning similar to "
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drawn by horses was developed in 1892 which had a length of 25 meters. The
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High-rise buildings became possible to construct with the invention of the
148:
3780:
3768:
2871:"Demolition of the Aylesbury Estate: a new dawn for Hell's waiting room?"
2765:"Intersection Fields III: Michiel Brinkman vs. Peter and Alison Smithson"
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2078:
1888:
1783:
Most of the aforementioned high-rise flats in the city were built by the
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Currently, the tallest high-rise apartment building in the world is the
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2070:
1977: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1765:
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1477: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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style of architecture that was dominant in the territories east of the
1219:
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977:
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759:, the new designs included not only modern improvements such as inside
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have also witnessed the construction of many modern apartment blocks.
1393:
1322:. This took place mostly in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, though in the
1256:
1246:
1215:
993:
921:, reaching a peak of popularity in the 1960s with the introduction of
634:, once the world's tallest skyscraper. However, with the movements of
4095:
3916:
3646:
Saatcioglu, Murat (2016). "High-Rise Buildings in Natural Disaster".
2707:
2593:
2368:
Also Murat Saatcioglu, "High-Rise Buildings in Natural Disaster", in
2201:
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there are more apartment towers but they are greatly outnumbered by
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Other contemporary styles and movements in high-rise design include
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buildings in the world, some more than 30 metres (98 ft) high.
348:
280:
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191:
140:
104:
1895:
have fewer high-rise buildings due to several factors: a focus on
4203:
3951:
3738:
3352:"Fire safety concerns raised by Grenfell Tower residents in 2012"
2433:
2193:
1924:
1900:
1793:
1788:
1777:
1753:
1733:
1698:
1579:
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1300:
964:
of Moscow) (Late Soviet era) is built with a similar idea in mind
800:
743:
545:
457:
433:
299:
238:
95:
30:"High-rise" and "Tower Block" redirect here. For other uses, see
3172:"Seoul ranks highest in population density among OECD countries"
1919:. Most of the largest residential towers in Canada are found in
1863:
if each dwelling unit is individually owned; they may be called
4322:
4243:
4002:
3680:
3477:"100 Tallest All-Residential Buildings - the Skyscraper Center"
2711:
2457:
2240:, a project about life in high-rise apartments around the world
2082:
2058:
1721:
1678:
1661:
1606:
1516:
business district. The government of Belgium wants to recreate
1421:
1234:
1229:
1167:
In South Korea, the tower blocks are called Apartment Complex (
1131:
1098:
929:
910:
760:
510:
425:
398:
340:
164:
147:
and is defined differently in terms of height depending on the
50:
3406:. Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. p. 288.
1585:
Tower blocks were first built in the United Kingdom after the
513:
in the 16th century. The houses of Shibam are all made out of
355:
74:
4238:
4193:
4122:
4100:
3283:"Urbanizarea în România secolului XX: interbelic vs comunism"
2753:
https://www.academia.edu/32050381/High_Rise_Residential_Tower
1821:
1725:
1184:
1129:
includes various traits coming from different eras. The word
788:
526:
506:
499:
453:
344:
203:
160:
2107:
Currently, the tallest residential building in the world is
1173:). The first residential towers began to be built after the
4198:
3763:
3250:
Mitrica, Bianca; Grigorescu, Ines; Urucu, Veselina (2016).
3034:
1203:
1195:
938:
530:
483:
are known to have featured 72 towers up to 51 m in height.
246:
221:
High-rise structures pose particular design challenges for
564:
3489:
BBC 'English Heritage' documentary about Park Hill flats.
3016:
Michael Gentile, Dept. of Social and Economic Geography,
2496:
2469:
Alexander G. McKay: Römische Häuser, Villen und Paläste,
1339:: blocky buildings of that era are colloquially known as
1187:, South Korea, is the tallest apartment complex in Asia.
2208:
Green tower blocks have some scheme of living plants or
2127:
Housing commission towers in Waterloo, Sydney, Australia
853:
596:, repeated in various European cities starting with his
309:
defines a high-rise as "a building having many storeys".
271:
have technical and economic advantages in areas of high
3226:
Reading the Architecture of the Underprivileged Classes
2529:
2484:
1686:
1625:. Some new high-rises are being built in areas such as
1202:
and Paris. Its metropolitan area is the densest in the
3249:
2415:
363:
High-rise apartment buildings had already appeared in
3588:
Daily Life in the Roman City: Rome, Pompeii and Ostia
2359:, Emporis Standards. Accessed online 16 October 2009.
1824:
Borough Council in the late 1960s, only one remains.
1512:
there are numerous modern high-rise buildings in the
249:
systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning),
183:. A very tall high-rise building is referred to as a
4300:
3426:
3399:
3039:[Hong Kong Housing Authority Annual Report]
2614:
2612:
2439:
432:, in the 10th century, described them as resembling
405:
indicate that seven-story buildings even existed in
2670:
2645:Helfritz, Hans (April 1937), "Land without shade",
2590:
Traditional Islamic principles of built environment
3612:The politics of mass housing in Britain, 1945–1975
3585:
3075:
2869:
2508:
2983:Tall Buildings, Toronto Star, August 27, 1973, C3
2940:, Globe and Mail, John Bentley Mays, May 12, 2011
2821:"Social Engineering Through Architectural Change"
2724:Shipman, J. G. T. (June 1984), "The Hadhramaut",
2609:
2581:
2141:High-rise living in Australia was limited to the
1855:if they are rented from one common landowner, or
5486:
3526:"Tower blocks go green with power-saving panels"
2563:
2535:
622:typically rejected the classical designs of the
253:systems, and other things such as stairwell and
27:Tall building; as opposed to a low-rise building
5459:List of visionary tall buildings and structures
2951:"Your Broadwater Farm | Tottenham Regeneration"
2919:
1931:; the country's most densely populated cities.
3400:Glendinning, Miles; Muthesius, Stefan (1994).
3343:
3193:
2717:
2357:Data Standards: high-rise building (ESN 18727)
2034:Some of the first residential towers were the
2007:List of tallest buildings in the United States
1796:area, all four of which have been demolished.
4286:
3707:
3035:Hong Kong Housing Authority (31 March 2021).
2374:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_168
1549:There are some tall residential buildings in
1224:
974:Soviet urban planning ideologies of the 1920s
580:The residential tower block with its typical
3721:
3574:
3258:The urban development and metropolitan areas
3071:
3069:
3022:Urbanism and Disurbanism in the Soviet Union
3004:Ir. M.H.H. van Dijk, IsoCaRP Congress 2003,
2938:How to rejuvenate urban 'towers in the park'
2155:still attached to housing commission flats.
1168:
3103:
3101:
839:The Death and Life of Great American Cities
347:, in the 16th century, and are the tallest
4293:
4279:
3714:
3700:
3645:
3253:Dezvoltarea urbană și ariile metropolitane
3229:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 212–.
2843:"Alison and Peter Smithson, Design Museum"
2647:Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society
2568:, Twenty-First Century Books, p. 11,
2011:List of tallest buildings in New York City
1260:Renovated apartment building from 1963 in
917:as a solution for housing, especially for
893:It is based on an ideology popularised by
3379:"Demolition of famous Dublin tower block"
3349:
3216:
3194:Sobecka, Martyna; Navarro, David (2020).
3189:
3187:
3185:
3066:
2904:
2703:
2701:
2564:Barghusen, Joan D.; Moulder, Bob (2001),
1993:Learn how and when to remove this message
1597:prohibitively expensive to retrofit. The
1493:Learn how and when to remove this message
983:
295:Various bodies have defined "high-rise":
229:engineers, particularly if situated in a
3606:
3145:. Ruby Press. p. 25. Archived from
3107:
3098:
2998:
2933:
2931:
2867:
2644:
2638:
2187:
2122:
2014:
1652:
1621:, and virtually any area in London with
1570:
1290:
1255:
1240:
1228:
1114:
1091:
992:
947:
863:
742:
563:
444:on the top story complete with ox-drawn
354:
334:
88:
73:
49:
3580:
3141:. In Ruby, Ilka; Ruby, Andreas (eds.).
3010:
2723:
2587:
2502:
2490:
2445:
2421:
728:, towering at 1,550 feet (470 m).
600:in Marseille (1947–52), constructed of
359:Sliding ladder for firefighters in 1904
14:
5487:
3618:
3502:. sustainingtowers.org. Archived from
3452:"Avenues and Mid-Rise Buildings Study"
3280:
3182:
2779:
2698:
2664:
2566:Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Cairo
2516:Ägyptens späte Blüte. Die Römer am Nil
2133:List of tallest buildings in Australia
1154:a large, modern apartment would be a "
1139:". For modern hi-rises, there are two
1047:Road in front, skyline in background (
4274:
3695:
3636:
3627:
3554:. Battle McCarthy Ltd. Archived from
3222:
2928:
2183:
731:
517:, but about five hundred of them are
307:New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
3440:http://www.geograph.ie/photo/2313893
2868:Fletcher, Martin (20 October 2008).
2384:
2372:Dordrecht, NL: Springer, 2016. DOI:
2273:List of fires in high-rise buildings
2216:on their roofs or incorporate other
1975:adding citations to reliable sources
1946:
1475:adding citations to reliable sources
1446:
819:in south London, built in 1970. The
321:National Fire Protection Association
54:A newer high-rise tower in downtown
3528:. Salford.gov.uk. 20 September 2010
3133:
3108:Meinhold, Bridgette (25 May 2012).
2920:The Urban Idiot (17 January 2018).
2757:
2137:List of tallest buildings in Sydney
1839:List of tallest buildings in Canada
1712:the largest cities such as Dublin,
1660:, 22-story "mixed use" building in
871:(Flemington Estate) (1962-1965) in
409:towns, such as in third century AD
279:around the world. In contrast with
24:
3427:Glendinning & Muthesius (1994)
3223:Elleh, Nnamdi (28 November 2014).
2845:. Designmuseum.org. Archived from
552:sliding ladder in 1864. The first
25:
5511:
3673:
3350:Wahlquist, Calla (14 June 2017).
3260:]. Editura Academiei Române.
1442:
751:Streets in the sky is a style of
339:These tower blocks were built in
80:Vilnius Central Business District
4302:Tallest buildings and structures
4255:
3679:
3614:. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon Press.
2536:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1992),
2313:McGraw-Hill Professional, 2002,
1951:
1942:
1827:
1560:
1530:
1451:
1040:
1024:
1009:
747:"Street in the sky" at Park Hill
626:, instead embracing the uniform
377:and several other cities in the
66:. High-rise towers often anchor
4895:Countries with most skyscrapers
4149:Residential cluster development
3648:Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards
3540:
3518:
3492:
3483:
3469:
3444:
3432:
3393:
3371:
3329:
3304:
3293:
3274:
3243:
3164:
3127:
3028:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2943:
2913:
2882:
2861:
2835:
2813:
2801:
2789:. Intute.ac.uk. 1 November 2006
2745:
2629:
2463:
2385:Hall, John R. (December 2011).
2370:Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards
2053:style, all but a few high-rise
1962:needs additional citations for
1462:needs additional citations for
1414:dissolution of the Soviet Union
588:. Influential examples include
159:, or other functions including
3801:Shopping streets and districts
2995:by Jamie Kalven 6 October 2016
2451:
2427:
2378:
2362:
2350:
2323:
2304:
2278:List of high-rise façade fires
2158:
1785:Northern Ireland Housing Trust
1162:
467:The skyline of many important
424:, the initial capital city of
13:
1:
5424:Antenna height considerations
3656:10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_168
2538:Islamic Architecture in Cairo
2292:
1887:However, some cities such as
1567:Tower blocks in Great Britain
1143:words to make a distinction:
962:Chertanovo Severnoye District
505:High-rises were built in the
290:
5419:All buildings and structures
4890:Cities with most skyscrapers
3927:Model dwellings for the poor
3632:. London: Allen & Unwin.
3621:Estates: an intimate history
2876:The Times / The Sunday Times
2771:. 3 May 2016. Archived from
2297:
2264:is the equivalent in Romania
618:". High-rise projects after
7:
4885:Buildings by height to roof
3641:. Great Britain: MacMillan.
3438:Riverdale Flats, Larne (1)
3281:Dumitrescu, Ionel-Claudiu.
2993:OPERATION SMOKE AND MIRRORS
2249:Large panel system building
2223:
1324:People's Republic of Poland
1194:, eight times greater than
452:them. By the 16th century,
198:of high-rise buildings are
10:
5516:
2769:www.hiddenarchitecture.net
2387:"High-rise building fires"
2130:
2118:
2093:, torn down in the 1970s.
2046:residential developments.
2004:
1935:demolished to make way in
1836:
1815:estate, East Belfast. The
1648:
1564:
1225:Central and Eastern Europe
1213:
735:
644:New Classical Architecture
544:in the late 19th century.
330:
175:and may be referred to as
68:central business districts
40:
29:
5429:Architectural engineering
5399:
5314:
5051:
5003:
4992:
4950:Skyscrapers by floor area
4867:
4425:
4340:
4331:
4308:
4252:
4131:
4081:
4026:
3995:
3842:
3809:
3729:
3575:General and cited sources
3552:Sustaining: towers blocks
3381:. RTÉ News. 13 March 2005
3077:Williams Goldhagen, Sarah
2892:. Aylesbury Tenants First
2890:"Aylesbury Tenants First"
2740:10.1080/03068378408730145
2708:Old Walled City of Shibam
2659:10.1080/03068373708730789
1832:
1523:
1209:
1169:
923:prefabrication technology
809:Alison and Peter Smithson
584:is a familiar feature of
5409:Additionally guyed tower
3723:Real estate developments
3045:housingauthority.gov.hk/
2588:Mortada, Hisham (2003),
2218:environmentally friendly
2057:in the nation's largest
1110:
1087:
1074:Sarah Williams Goldhagen
576:, Germany, forming a "Y"
285:municipal infrastructure
41:Not to be confused with
5454:Height restriction laws
5332:Before the 20th century
3932:Multifamily residential
3623:. London: Granta Books.
3619:Hanley, Lynsey (2007).
2910:Parkinson-Bailey, p.195
2336:Encyclopædia Britannica
988:
932:". Neighbourhoods like
811:were the architects of
795:, and Castlefields and
592:'s "housing unit", his
568:A residential block in
397:collapsing. The lower
4960:Voluntarily demolished
4475:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3882:Conservation community
3630:Property before people
2924:. Academy of Urbanism.
2823:. Newenglishreview.org
2396:. NFPA. Archived from
2230:Earthquake engineering
2205:
2128:
2081:, fell victim to the "
2073:in Manhattan, and the
2027:
1845:multi-family buildings
1665:
1582:
1347:; such as the largest
1307:
1286:Second Polish Republic
1269:
1253:
1251:Prague, Czech Republic
1238:
1123:
1103:
1002:
984:Developments by region
965:
901:, an expansion of the
876:
748:
586:Modernist architecture
577:
360:
352:
108:
99:high-rise building in
86:
71:
5469:Partially guyed tower
3977:Single-room occupancy
3922:Mixed-use development
3907:Intentional community
3892:Golf course community
3754:Mixed-use development
3143:Urban Trans Formation
3136:"Two Houses in Seoul"
3006:Planning and politics
2714:World Heritage Centre
2191:
2152:Department of Housing
2148:Royal Australian Navy
2126:
2096:In contrast to their
2018:
1897:historic preservation
1847:are usually known as
1656:
1574:
1326:this process started
1294:
1280:countries during the
1259:
1244:
1232:
1118:
1095:
1016:High-rise buildings,
999:Whitefield, Bangalore
996:
951:
867:
746:
582:concrete construction
567:
358:
338:
92:
77:
62:, U.S., known as the
53:
5414:Air traffic obstacle
4829:United Arab Emirates
4046:Garden city movement
3962:Retirement community
3688:at Wikimedia Commons
3339:. 16 September 2022.
3134:Cho, Minsuk (2008).
2922:"Streets in the sky"
2787:"Streets in the Sky"
2192:An apartment with a
2166:Park Hill, Sheffield
1971:improve this article
1917:single-family houses
1884:demand for housing.
1758:public housing units
1520:, on a small scale.
1471:improve this article
1320:its satellite states
1295:Refurbished 5-story
1233:Osiedle Batorego in
1181:Samsung Tower Palace
903:Garden city movement
793:Park Hill, Sheffield
691:critical regionalist
548:had shown the first
385:collapsing, several
181:multi-dwelling units
78:High-rise towers in
5500:Skyscrapers by type
5031:former Soviet Union
4358:Indian subcontinent
4209:Planning permission
3952:Residential airpark
3937:Penthouse apartment
3824:Industrial district
3639:Estates on the edge
3592:. Greenwood Press.
3582:Aldrete, Gregory S.
3316:The Open University
3178:. 15 December 2009.
2849:on 24 November 2010
2775:on 1 December 2017.
2283:Grenfell Tower fire
2254:Cutie de chibrituri
2172:, particularly his
2067:Robert Taylor Homes
1849:apartment buildings
1800:Belfast Corporation
1669:Republic of Ireland
1412:, etc.). Since the
1198:, though less than
997:Modern panorama of
628:international style
269:Apartment buildings
200:reinforced concrete
4262:Housing portal
3834:Technology centers
3637:Power, A. (1997).
3628:Power, A. (1987).
3548:"State of the Art"
3054:on 4 February 2022
3018:Uppsala University
2505:, pp. 79 ff..
2206:
2184:Green tower blocks
2174:Unité d'habitation
2129:
2109:Central Park Tower
2028:
2020:Central Park Tower
1666:
1583:
1553:district, such as
1308:
1270:
1262:Bucharest, Romania
1254:
1239:
1192:population density
1124:
1120:Okayama prefecture
1104:
1082:affordable housing
1003:
966:
880:Towers in the park
877:
855:Towers in the park
844:Unité d'Habitation
813:Robin Hood Gardens
777:Robin Hood Gardens
749:
738:Streets in the Sky
732:Streets in the sky
718:Central Park Tower
594:Unité d'Habitation
578:
403:Oxyrhynchus Papyri
361:
353:
273:population density
231:seismically active
151:. It is used as a
143:, as opposed to a
109:
87:
72:
36:Tower Block (film)
5482:
5481:
5439:Early skyscrapers
5395:
5394:
5327:400 to 500 metres
5322:300 to 400 metres
4988:
4987:
4970:Early skyscrapers
4905:Designed by women
4268:
4267:
4224:Regional planning
4184:Land-use planning
4066:Urban green space
4061:Planned community
3996:Science/education
3942:Private community
3684:Media related to
3665:978-90-481-8699-0
3608:Dunleavy, Patrick
3599:978-0-313-33174-9
3267:978-973-27-2695-2
3236:978-1-4094-6786-1
3152:on 28 August 2011
2624:978-3-423-03020-5
2220:design features.
2113:Midtown Manhattan
2051:tower in the park
2003:
2002:
1995:
1843:In Canada, large
1806:flats as part of
1780:remain standing.
1555:Tour Défense 2000
1503:
1502:
1495:
1374:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1355:Przymorze Wielkie
1333:socialist realist
1031:Modern towers of
805:Quarry Hill flats
726:Midtown Manhattan
722:Billionaires' Row
624:early skyscrapers
473:Towers of Bologna
389:, beginning with
319:In the U.S., the
196:structural system
145:low-rise building
125:residential tower
16:(Redirected from
5507:
5001:
5000:
4910:Eastern Orthodox
4338:
4337:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4272:
4271:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4013:Satellite campus
3957:Residential area
3912:Luxury apartment
3872:Closed community
3819:Business cluster
3716:
3709:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3683:
3669:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3506:on 11 March 2012
3496:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3308:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3191:
3180:
3179:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3140:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3047:. Archived from
3042:
3032:
3026:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2955:tottenham.london
2947:
2941:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2721:
2715:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2627:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2596:, p. viii,
2585:
2579:
2578:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2542:Brill Publishers
2533:
2527:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2493:, pp. 78–9.
2488:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2424:, pp. 79f..
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2391:
2382:
2376:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2327:
2321:
2308:
2268:Wind engineering
2055:housing projects
1998:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1955:
1947:
1853:apartment blocks
1744:Northern Ireland
1587:Second World War
1534:
1518:Washington, D.C.
1514:Northern Quarter
1498:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1455:
1447:
1398:Marxism–Leninism
1353:building in the
1278:Eastern European
1172:
1171:
1127:Housing in Japan
1044:
1028:
1013:
952:A panel housing
817:Aylesbury Estate
797:Southgate Estate
757:terraced housing
709:, also known as
703:Art Deco Nouveau
671:deconstructivist
558:extension ladder
554:turntable ladder
537:of the desert".
21:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5495:Apartment types
5485:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5401:
5391:
5387:Twin structures
5310:
5047:
4996:
4984:
4863:
4704:North Macedonia
4421:
4405:Central America
4327:
4304:
4299:
4269:
4264:
4256:
4254:
4248:
4169:Greenfield land
4139:Brownfield land
4127:
4077:
4022:
3991:
3897:Gated community
3838:
3829:Industrial park
3805:
3791:Shopping center
3759:Office building
3749:Commercial area
3725:
3720:
3676:
3666:
3600:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3558:on 23 June 2004
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3456:City of Toronto
3450:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3294:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3202:: Zupagrafika.
3192:
3183:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3106:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3079:(18 May 2012).
3074:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3040:
3033:
3029:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2936:
2929:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2722:
2718:
2706:
2699:
2685:10.2307/1504639
2679:(2–3): 39–48 ,
2669:
2665:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2617:
2610:
2604:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2534:
2530:
2513:
2509:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2403:on 11 July 2012
2400:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2226:
2204:, New York City
2186:
2161:
2139:
2121:
2102:Upper East Side
2075:Desire Projects
2044:Stuyvesant Town
2013:
1999:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1968:
1956:
1945:
1841:
1835:
1830:
1691:Fatima Mansions
1651:
1623:council housing
1576:Argyle Building
1569:
1563:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1526:
1499:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1468:
1456:
1445:
1431:, among former
1396:building under
1370:systematisation
1282:interwar period
1227:
1222:
1212:
1165:
1113:
1090:
1078:Hangzhou, China
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1014:
991:
986:
943:law enforcement
862:
821:Hulme Crescents
773:Broadwater Farm
741:
734:
632:Singer Building
612:slum clearances
496:communal living
333:
293:
235:compressibility
179:, standing for
169:British English
157:office building
129:apartment block
121:apartment tower
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5513:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5296:United Kingdom
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5111:Czech Republic
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5013:
5007:
5005:
4998:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4955:Twin buildings
4952:
4947:
4942:
4940:Most expensive
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4834:United Kingdom
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4534:Czech Republic
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4234:Urban planning
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4174:Greyfield land
4171:
4166:
4164:Eminent domain
4161:
4159:Context theory
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4058:
4056:Planned cities
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:Public housing
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3902:Housing estate
3899:
3894:
3889:
3887:Executive home
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3862:Bungalow court
3859:
3857:Boarding house
3854:
3848:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3675:
3674:External links
3672:
3671:
3670:
3664:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3604:
3598:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3539:
3517:
3491:
3482:
3468:
3443:
3431:
3429:, p. 367.
3419:
3412:
3392:
3370:
3342:
3328:
3303:
3292:
3273:
3266:
3242:
3235:
3215:
3208:
3181:
3163:
3126:
3097:
3065:
3027:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2942:
2927:
2912:
2903:
2881:
2860:
2834:
2812:
2800:
2778:
2756:
2744:
2716:
2697:
2663:
2637:
2628:
2608:
2602:
2580:
2574:
2556:
2550:
2528:
2518:, Mainz 2004,
2507:
2495:
2483:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2436:, Epigrams, 27
2426:
2414:
2377:
2361:
2349:
2322:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2270:
2265:
2251:
2246:
2244:Prefabrication
2241:
2232:
2225:
2222:
2185:
2182:
2160:
2157:
2120:
2117:
2098:public housing
2083:ghettofication
2036:Castle Village
2001:
2000:
1959:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1817:Royal Hospital
1808:slum clearance
1746:
1745:
1683:Ballymun Flats
1671:
1670:
1650:
1647:
1627:Central London
1599:Grenfell Tower
1565:Main article:
1562:
1559:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1501:
1500:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1443:Western Europe
1441:
1429:European Union
1386:Czech Republic
1382:Czechoslovakia
1284:, such as the
1272:Although some
1226:
1223:
1211:
1208:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1112:
1109:
1089:
1086:
1051:, Middle East)
1046:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
990:
987:
985:
982:
934:St. James Town
919:public housing
869:Debney Meadows
861:
859:microdistricts
852:
785:Hunslet Grange
765:Trellick Tower
733:
730:
492:southern China
387:Roman emperors
332:
329:
328:
327:
324:
317:
310:
303:
292:
289:
251:fire sprinkler
208:North American
133:block of flats
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5512:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5449:Groundscraper
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5398:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5362:Ferris wheels
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5301:United States
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5042:
5041:South America
5039:
5038:
5037:The Americas
5036:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4997:(of any type)
4995:
4991:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:United States
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4416:
4415:South America
4413:
4411:
4410:Latin America
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:North America
4398:
4397:
4396:The Americas
4395:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4380:Baltic states
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4291:
4289:
4284:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4263:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Redevelopment
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4179:Groundscraper
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:Miscellaneous
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4051:Model village
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Research park
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3987:Tract housing
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Rooming house
3970:
3968:
3967:Revenue house
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3795:Shopping mall
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:Business park
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3527:
3521:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3486:
3478:
3472:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3413:9780300054446
3409:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3380:
3374:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3338:
3332:
3317:
3313:
3312:"Ronan Point"
3307:
3301:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3277:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3209:9788395057472
3205:
3201:
3197:
3196:Brutal Poland
3190:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3176:The Hankyoreh
3173:
3167:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3115:
3114:inhabitat.com
3111:
3104:
3102:
3086:
3082:
3081:"Living High"
3078:
3072:
3070:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2916:
2907:
2891:
2885:
2877:
2872:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2822:
2816:
2810:at BBC Online
2809:
2804:
2788:
2782:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2737:
2734:(2): 154–62,
2733:
2729:
2728:
2727:Asian Affairs
2720:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2656:
2653:(2): 201–16,
2652:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2605:
2603:0-7007-1700-5
2599:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2575:0-8225-3221-2
2571:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2551:90-04-09626-4
2547:
2544:, p. 6,
2543:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2524:3-8053-3276-9
2521:
2517:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2480:
2479:3-7611-0585-1
2476:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2448:, p. 78.
2447:
2442:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2319:0-07-138211-9
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2238:(documentary)
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:Cabrini–Green
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
1997:
1994:
1986:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1960:This section
1958:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1943:United States
1940:
1938:
1937:redevelopment
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1828:North America
1825:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:Great Britain
1743:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:Tower Hamlets
1608:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1561:Great Britain
1558:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1497:
1494:
1486:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1460:This section
1458:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:programme of
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1341:Khrushchyovka
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:Khrushchyovka
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1012:
1000:
995:
981:
979:
975:
971:
963:
959:
955:
954:microdistrict
950:
946:
944:
940:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:North America
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
874:
870:
866:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
840:
835:
829:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:Keeling House
778:
774:
770:
769:Balfron Tower
766:
762:
758:
754:
745:
739:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:structuralist
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
636:Postmodernism
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:urban renewal
613:
609:
606:, rough-cast
605:
604:
599:
598:Cité radieuse
595:
591:
587:
583:
575:
571:
566:
562:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
494:have adopted
493:
489:
484:
482:
481:San Gimignano
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:Nasir Khusraw
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:
366:
357:
350:
346:
342:
337:
325:
322:
318:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
298:
297:
296:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
106:
102:
98:
97:
91:
85:
81:
76:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:New Brunswick
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
5473:
5464:Oil platform
5434:Construction
5367:Freestanding
5291:Turkmenistan
5256:South Africa
5241:Saudi Arabia
4779:South Africa
4754:Saudi Arabia
4229:Urban design
4154:Construction
4117:
4041:Civic center
4018:Science park
3877:Company town
3776:Power center
3647:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3587:
3560:. Retrieved
3556:the original
3551:
3542:
3530:. Retrieved
3520:
3508:. Retrieved
3504:the original
3494:
3485:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3455:
3446:
3434:
3422:
3402:
3395:
3383:. Retrieved
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3357:The Guardian
3355:
3345:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3315:
3306:
3295:
3286:
3276:
3257:
3252:
3245:
3225:
3218:
3195:
3175:
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3147:the original
3142:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3113:
3088:. Retrieved
3085:New Republic
3084:
3056:. Retrieved
3049:the original
3044:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2988:
2979:
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2954:
2945:
2915:
2906:
2894:. Retrieved
2884:
2875:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2847:the original
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2815:
2803:
2791:. Retrieved
2781:
2773:the original
2768:
2759:
2747:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2676:
2673:APT Bulletin
2672:
2666:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2631:
2589:
2583:
2565:
2559:
2537:
2531:
2515:
2510:
2503:Aldrete 2004
2498:
2491:Aldrete 2004
2486:
2465:
2453:
2446:Aldrete 2004
2441:
2429:
2422:Aldrete 2004
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2398:the original
2393:
2380:
2369:
2364:
2352:
2342:19 September
2340:. Retrieved
2334:
2331:"skyscraper"
2325:
2306:
2257:
2235:
2214:solar panels
2207:
2198:solar panels
2170:Le Corbusier
2162:
2140:
2106:
2095:
2069:in Chicago,
2048:
2033:
2029:
1989:
1983:October 2009
1980:
1969:Please help
1964:verification
1961:
1933:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:condo towers
1860:
1857:condominiums
1856:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1798:
1782:
1747:
1710:Celtic Tiger
1707:
1672:
1658:Capital Dock
1643:Canary Wharf
1604:
1595:
1584:
1550:
1548:
1507:
1504:
1489:
1483:January 2020
1480:
1469:Please help
1464:verification
1461:
1426:
1406:
1402:ruling party
1377:
1363:
1357:district of
1348:
1337:Iron Curtain
1328:even earlier
1312:Eastern Bloc
1309:
1299:, winter in
1271:
1189:
1179:
1166:
1155:
1148:
1130:
1125:
1105:
1097:
1072:
1068:condominiums
1057:
978:green spaces
972:. Under the
970:urbanization
967:
957:
927:
895:Le Corbusier
892:
879:
878:
837:
836:in her book
830:
753:architecture
750:
715:
707:neohistorist
702:
659:neo-futurist
648:
640:New Urbanism
620:World War II
601:
590:Le Corbusier
579:
539:
519:tower houses
504:
488:Hakka people
485:
466:
446:water wheels
442:roof gardens
430:Al-Muqaddasi
419:
394:
382:
379:Roman Empire
375:Ancient Rome
368:
362:
306:
294:
267:
259:wind comfort
227:geotechnical
220:
189:
180:
176:
173:tower blocks
172:
149:jurisdiction
137:office tower
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
110:
94:
63:
47:
5474:Tower block
5372:Lighthouses
5276:Switzerland
5221:Philippines
5211:New Zealand
5206:Netherlands
5061:Afghanistan
4945:Residential
4920:Educational
4875:100+ floors
4799:Switzerland
4784:South Korea
4729:Philippines
4699:North Korea
4689:Netherlands
4385:Scandinavia
4189:Nonbuilding
4118:Tower block
3982:Subdivision
3844:Residential
3781:Retail park
3532:25 November
3461:15 February
3287:historia.ro
3037:"香港房屋委員會年報"
2960:28 December
2808:Quarry Hill
2210:green roofs
2159:Deck access
2111:located in
2089:complex in
2087:Pruitt–Igoe
2079:New Orleans
2040:Parkchester
1889:Quebec City
1762:Divis Tower
1591:Ronan Point
1433:Warsaw Pact
1420:borough of
1418:Śródmieście
1163:South Korea
1033:Vladivostok
899:Plan Voisin
834:Jane Jacobs
783:in London,
655:sustainable
542:fire trucks
415:Roman Egypt
277:urban areas
216:steel frame
212:skyscrapers
153:residential
113:tower block
5489:Categories
5306:Uzbekistan
5196:Luxembourg
5053:By country
4994:Structures
4880:Architects
4619:Kazakhstan
4465:Bangladesh
4460:Azerbaijan
4427:By country
4318:Skyscraper
4214:Playground
4113:Skyscraper
3867:City block
3811:Industrial
3786:Riverfront
3731:Commercial
3686:High-rises
3321:29 October
3058:4 February
2471:Feldmeilen
2293:References
2258:Matchboxes
2256:– meaning
2143:Sydney CBD
2131:See also:
2071:Penn South
2061:, such as
2005:See also:
1881:skyscraper
1837:See also:
1766:Obel Tower
1703:Kilbarrack
1551:La Défense
1542:La Défense
1220:Plattenbau
1214:See also:
1175:Korean War
1122:"mansions"
1062:and urban
884:morphology
825:Manchester
807:in Leeds.
711:revivalist
695:vernacular
683:streamline
603:béton brut
574:Westphalia
523:apartments
515:mud bricks
450:irrigating
422:Arab Egypt
411:Hermopolis
407:provincial
314:evacuation
291:Definition
223:structural
185:skyscraper
139:is a tall
101:Kalasatama
60:New Jersey
43:Skyscraper
5357:Flagpoles
5266:Sri Lanka
5166:Indonesia
5076:Australia
5019:West Asia
5004:By region
4975:Supertall
4930:Hospitals
4849:Venezuela
4764:Singapore
4649:Lithuania
4589:Indonesia
4509:Hong Kong
4450:Australia
4445:Argentina
4363:Southeast
4341:By region
4333:Buildings
4096:Apartment
4083:Buildings
4028:Municipal
3917:McMansion
3562:15 August
3510:15 August
2594:Routledge
2407:10 August
2298:Citations
2202:the Bronx
2178:Marseille
2091:St. Louis
2024:Manhattan
1939:schemes.
1929:Vancouver
1877:high-rise
1813:Clarawood
1774:Rathcoole
1770:New Lodge
1738:Mullingar
1664:, Ireland
1639:Stratford
1635:Nine Elms
1631:Southwark
1593:in 1968.
1410:brutalism
1384:(now the
1345:modernism
1200:Manhattan
1064:Hong Kong
1060:Singapore
1049:Abu Dhabi
1018:Hong Kong
960:series) (
915:Australia
897:with the
888:modernist
873:Melbourne
848:Marseille
667:high-tech
570:Steinfurt
535:Manhattan
365:antiquity
243:standpipe
117:high-rise
107:, Finland
84:Lithuania
32:High Rise
18:High rise
5342:Chimneys
5251:Slovakia
5231:Portugal
5096:Bulgaria
4980:Megatall
4900:Churches
4859:Zimbabwe
4814:Thailand
4809:Tanzania
4774:Slovakia
4769:Slovenia
4739:Portugal
4719:Pakistan
4674:Mongolia
4654:Malaysia
4519:Colombia
4490:Cambodia
4485:Bulgaria
4144:Cemetery
4036:Arcology
3852:Agrihood
3610:(1981).
3584:(2004).
2896:8 August
2853:8 August
2827:8 August
2793:8 August
2626:, p. 345
2394:nfpa.org
2262:Romanian
2236:Highrise
2224:See also
1921:Montreal
1913:Hamilton
1909:Winnipeg
1905:Edmonton
1873:mid-rise
1865:low-rise
1804:mid-rise
1730:Drogheda
1718:Limerick
1695:Ballymun
1675:Ballymun
1609:such as
1544:at night
1510:Brussels
1437:Eurostat
1390:Slovakia
1350:falowiec
1266:EU funds
1247:paneláks
1245:Painted
1237:, Poland
1141:borrowed
1137:projects
1102:entrance
1035:, Russia
1001:in India
699:Art Deco
608:concrete
550:cogwheel
509:city of
477:Florence
469:medieval
436:, while
434:minarets
391:Augustus
349:mudbrick
281:low-rise
263:setbacks
255:elevator
245:system,
192:elevator
141:building
105:Helsinki
64:Hub City
5400:Related
5377:Statues
5347:Crosses
5337:Bridges
5281:Tunisia
5236:Romania
5201:Myanmar
5176:Ireland
5156:Iceland
5151:Hungary
5141:Germany
5131:Finland
5126:Estonia
5116:Denmark
5091:Belgium
5086:Bahrain
5081:Austria
5071:Algeria
5066:Albania
4915:Mosques
4854:Vietnam
4844:Uruguay
4824:Ukraine
4744:Romania
4694:Nigeria
4684:Myanmar
4679:Morocco
4644:Lebanon
4599:Ireland
4579:Iceland
4569:Germany
4564:Georgia
4554:Finland
4549:Estonia
4544:Ecuador
4539:Denmark
4524:Croatia
4470:Bolivia
4455:Austria
4440:Algeria
4435:Albania
4392:Oceania
4375:Balkans
4313:History
4204:Parking
3739:Airport
3363:14 June
3156:28 June
3119:28 June
3090:28 June
2693:1504639
2526:, p. 29
2460:, 5.3.7
2434:Martial
2194:pergola
2119:Oceania
1925:Toronto
1901:Calgary
1893:Halifax
1869:walk-up
1794:Bogside
1789:Cregagh
1778:Finaghy
1754:Belfast
1734:Dundalk
1699:Coolock
1649:Ireland
1619:Hackney
1580:Glasgow
1427:In the
1394:panelák
1378:blocuri
1366:Romania
1310:In the
1305:Estonia
1301:Tallinn
1274:Central
1216:Panelák
1156:Mansion
930:ghettos
801:Runcorn
761:toilets
705:), and
687:novelty
679:digital
651:organic
546:Magirus
462:tenants
460:out to
395:insulae
383:insulae
370:insulae
331:History
300:Emporis
239:bay mud
214:have a
210:–style
206:. Most
96:Majakka
5402:topics
5382:Towers
5286:Turkey
5271:Sweden
5246:Serbia
5226:Poland
5216:Norway
5191:Kosovo
5146:Greece
5136:France
5101:Canada
5026:Europe
5011:Africa
4935:Hotels
4925:Future
4819:Turkey
4804:Taiwan
4794:Sweden
4759:Serbia
4749:Russia
4734:Poland
4714:Panama
4709:Norway
4669:Monaco
4664:Mexico
4639:Latvia
4634:Kuwait
4629:Kosovo
4604:Israel
4574:Greece
4559:France
4529:Cyprus
4495:Canada
4480:Brazil
4370:Europe
4348:Africa
4323:Storey
4244:Zoning
4003:Campus
3769:inland
3662:
3596:
3410:
3385:19 May
3264:
3233:
3206:
3200:Poznań
2712:UNESCO
2691:
2622:
2600:
2572:
2548:
2522:
2481:p. 231
2477:
2473:1984,
2458:Strabo
2317:
2059:cities
1927:, and
1833:Canada
1722:Galway
1681:. The
1679:Dublin
1662:Dublin
1633:, and
1615:Newham
1607:London
1524:France
1422:Warsaw
1359:Gdańsk
1235:Warsaw
1210:Europe
1170:아파트 단지
1149:Apaato
1132:danchi
1099:xiaoqu
911:Europe
842:. The
642:, and
527:meters
511:Shibam
507:Yemeni
458:rented
426:Fustat
399:floors
367:: the
341:Shibam
165:retail
5444:Fires
5315:Lists
5261:Spain
5186:Japan
5181:Italy
5161:India
5121:Egypt
5106:China
5015:Asia
4868:Lists
4789:Spain
4659:Malta
4624:Kenya
4614:Japan
4609:Italy
4584:India
4513:Macau
4505:China
4500:Chile
4239:YIMBY
4194:NIMBY
4123:Villa
4106:types
4101:House
4087:types
4071:parks
3256:[
3150:(PDF)
3139:(PDF)
3052:(PDF)
3041:(PDF)
2689:JSTOR
2401:(PDF)
2390:(PDF)
2311:BICSI
1911:, or
1879:, or
1822:Larne
1726:Navan
1185:Seoul
1111:Japan
1088:China
882:is a
789:Leeds
614:and "
529:(100
500:Tulou
454:Cairo
345:Yemen
204:steel
171:, as
161:hotel
135:, or
5352:Dams
5171:Iran
4965:Wood
4724:Peru
4594:Iran
4353:Asia
4199:Park
3764:Port
3660:ISBN
3594:ISBN
3564:2012
3534:2011
3512:2012
3463:2016
3408:ISBN
3387:2010
3365:2017
3323:2015
3262:ISBN
3231:ISBN
3204:ISBN
3158:2012
3121:2012
3092:2012
3060:2022
2962:2021
2898:2010
2855:2010
2829:2010
2795:2010
2620:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2475:ISBN
2409:2012
2344:2012
2315:ISBN
2196:and
2135:and
2065:and
2042:and
2009:and
1891:and
1867:(or
1736:and
1720:and
1714:Cork
1701:and
1641:and
1388:and
1318:and
1316:USSR
1276:and
1218:and
1204:OECD
1196:Rome
989:Asia
958:П-44
939:gang
913:and
857:and
791:and
779:and
701:(or
675:blob
531:feet
486:The
448:for
305:The
247:HVAC
225:and
202:and
177:MDUs
93:The
34:and
3652:doi
2736:doi
2681:doi
2655:doi
2260:in
2212:or
2200:in
2176:in
2077:in
2022:in
1973:by
1871:),
1859:or
1851:or
1578:in
1508:In
1473:by
1392:),
1364:In
1249:in
1183:in
937:by
886:of
846:in
823:in
787:in
724:in
720:on
490:in
420:In
413:in
373:in
237:or
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1923:,
1907:,
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909:,
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657:,
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163:,
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