142:. The ND and HND programmes have a duration of two years each with one-year break after the ND programme for an Industrial Training (IT) attachment in relevant industries. At the completion of an HND programme, the graduate would have spent 4 to 5 years; hence, Higher National Diplomas are sometimes referred to "equivalent" of a University bachelor's degree or four years of a university education. Although, there have existed a long-standing disagreement over the "equivalence" of Polytechnic HND degree to University bachelor's degree; employers of labour (including the government and its policies) have discriminated against HND holders—grading them below their university counterparts and preventing them from attaining managerial or directorate cadres. However, following series of efforts by polytechnic students/lecturers and concerned entities, the federal government has made attempts to remove the dichotomy between Polythecnic HND degree holders and University degree holders in places of employment, and the efforts are paying off as some of the government organisations (especially
162:/Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales. It is quite common for those who have achieved an HND to add to their qualification by progressing to other levels such as professional qualifications, a degree or a "Top-Up" degree. The entry requirements for HND in these countries also differ. One does not require an OND to get into a HND program in England, it is a stand-alone 2-year program making the curriculum and course work different from that in some countries that offer HND degree as a progression of an OND degree.
174:
market needs. To earned the HND, students must complete the approved curriculum (including a research project and internship) by an institution of Higher
Learning approved by the Ministry of Higher Education. At the end of the program, students write a national examination organized each academic year by the Ministry of Higher Education through the National Committee for the Organization of Higher National Diploma (HND) Examinations.
146:) have started upgrading and employing the HND-holders at par with their University Degree counterparts. Some have even claimed that the HND graduates are better than their university counterparts in the same field, arguing that they write the same entrance exams to seek admission to their course/program of study (the
151:
and goes straight into the technicalities of a course using industry standards from year one of OND (one can only gain admission into a HND program after completing two years of OND, an equivalent of an associate degree) and by the final year of HND the student is already equipped to practice in the field.
173:
In
Cameroon, The Higher National Diploma is a two-year professional university program which originated in the United Kingdom. It was introduced in Cameroon in 2002 by Ministerial Order No. 02/0069/MINESUP/DDES. In 2018, it underwent major curricula transformation and upgrade to meet contemporary job
150:
exams to secure an admission), they both spend the same number of years studying, both completing 120 college credit units with HND holders concentrating more on technicalities, sometimes taking more than 120 credit units and getting more hands on . The HND degree offers limited liberal arts subjects
169:
standards, the HND graduate is set to fight the same with general diploma graduates especially in
Malaysia Public University. The Malaysia HND graduates is advised to sought to continue with UK degree, or specialized university that able to handle HND qualification.
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is awarded by the
Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA). The attainment level is roughly equivalent to the second year of a 3-year English degree or to a
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In
Malaysia HND is considered equivalent to General Diploma Qualification. As the qualification is set ambiguously by old
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131:. An HND takes two years of full-time study, or one year full-time following successful completion of a
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238:"National Academic and Technical Education, Argentina, Chap. 2 by Prof. Marcelo A. Sobrevila"
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and various other countries. They were introduced in
England and Wales in 1920 alongside the
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8:
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In
Nigeria, HND is a continuation of a National Diploma (ND-) programme, both offered by
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549:"HND holders perform better than some degree holders, says ASUP - Vanguard News"
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473:"National Council on Establishment resolves university/polytechnic dichotomy"
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107:, the HND is a qualification awarded by many awarding bodies, such as the
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796:
906:
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Directgov: Higher
National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas
561:
120:
64:
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505:"Interior ministry breaks HND/ Degree dichotomy, upgrade HND ho"
158:
and in
England, Wales and Northern Ireland it is Level 5 on the
1389:
1356:
1275:
60:
487:"Adamu confirms abolition of BSc/HND dichotomy - The Sun News"
348:. United States Diplomatic Mission to Nigeria. Archived from
100:
84:
80:
72:
68:
214:"Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas"
55:. A qualification of the same title is also offered in
531:"FG approves equal salaries for HND, degree holders"
16:
Higher education qualification of the United
Kingdom
346:"Directory of Polytechnics and Colleges in Nigeria"
1497:Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom
1483:
562:The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework
1512:Educational qualifications in Northern Ireland
1467:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
1159:
1145:
822:
630:
372:"Qualifications : BTEC Higher Nationals"
440:choosing your qualification : Aimhigher
156:Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework
416:"Guide to qualifications | Prospects.ac.uk"
1152:
1138:
829:
815:
637:
623:
1122:* certain subjects fall under this level.
109:Confederation of Tourism and Hospitality
39:suite of qualifications, is an academic
1517:Educational qualifications in Scotland
1484:
840:in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
726:Bachelor's degree, Foundation degree,
154:In Scotland, an HND is Level 8 on the
1502:Educational qualifications in England
1133:
810:
682:Postgraduate Certificate in Education
618:
847:For higher levels, compare with the
459:"Nigerianuniversityscholarships.com"
167:Public Service Department (Malaysia)
1507:Educational qualifications in Wales
978:NEBOSH National General Certificate
646:Qualifications and Credit Framework
13:
982:Access to Higher Education Diploma
915:BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma
878:BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma
838:National qualifications frameworks
160:Regulated Qualifications Framework
14:
1533:
603:
113:Scottish Qualifications Authority
1006:City & Guilds Advanced Craft
953:City & Guilds Licentiateship
135:; part-time study takes longer.
1206:Certificate of Higher Education
899:City & Guilds Associateship
728:Certificate of Higher Education
573:
555:
541:
523:
497:
479:
465:
451:
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994:Extended Project Qualification
903:City & Guilds Graduateship
408:
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312:
287:
262:
230:
206:
1:
1018:Ordinary National Certificate
730:, Higher National Certificate
322:. MCAST. 2012. Archived from
243:. CONET. 2014. Archived from
199:
874:City & Guilds Membership
862:City & Guilds Fellowship
295:"History of HND in Cameroon"
87:, and some other countries.
7:
1202:Diploma of Higher Education
990:International Baccalaureate
936:Higher National Certificate
711:Diploma of Higher Education
320:"LIST OF FULL-TIME COURSES"
177:
133:Higher National Certificate
129:Diploma of Higher Education
90:
53:Higher National Certificate
10:
1538:
581:"The structure of the NQF"
194:Professional certification
119:(Vocational programs). In
18:
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1365:
1324:
1317:
1289:
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1242:
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1076:BTEC Introductory Diploma
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974:BTEC National Certificate
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755:
749:BTEC National Certificate
735:
721:
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688:
672:
660:
49:Ordinary National Diploma
1080:Introductory Certificate
986:Advanced Extension Award
567:October 1, 2006, at the
445:August 24, 2006, at the
111:(CTH Advanced diploma),
19:Not to be confused with
1522:Undergraduate education
1198:Higher National Diploma
1051:City & Guilds Craft
932:Higher National Diploma
907:NEBOSH National Diploma
715:Higher National Diploma
29:Higher National Diploma
1037:(grades 9–4 or A*–C),
763:(grades 9–4 or A*–C),
1305:Candidate of Sciences
1074:(grades 3–1 or D–G),
970:BTEC Extended Diploma
779:(grades 3–1 or D–G),
745:BTEC Extended Diploma
274:Ministry of Education
43:qualification in the
21:National Diploma (UK)
1375:Academic certificate
1267:Postgraduate diploma
587:on 26 September 2006
396:. SQA. 5 August 2010
326:on 20 September 2012
1410:Professional degree
705:Bachelor's degree,
420:www.prospects.ac.uk
270:"Politeknik Brunei"
226:on 15 October 2012.
1337:Doctor of Sciences
1111:(at Entry Level),
1092:Foundation Diploma
1043:BTEC First Diploma
785:Foundation Diploma
781:BTEC First Diploma
765:BTEC First Diploma
250:on 2 February 2017
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1429:Specialist degree
1313:
1312:
1281:Engineer's degree
1238:
1237:
1225:Bachelor's degree
1193:Foundation degree
1127:
1126:
1109:Functional Skills
1084:Functional Skills
1039:Functional Skills
804:
803:
707:Foundation degree
694:Bachelor's degree
650:England and Wales
491:sunnewsonline.com
1529:
1415:Graduate diploma
1332:Higher doctorate
1322:
1321:
1249:
1248:
1188:Associate degree
1175:
1174:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1022:Advanced Diploma
1016:* (historical),
1014:National Diploma
911:National Diploma
882:National Diploma
831:
824:
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808:
807:
654:Northern Ireland
639:
632:
625:
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583:. Archived from
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41:higher education
37:Higher Nationals
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1528:
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1454:Honorary degree
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1400:Magister degree
1385:External degree
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1262:Master's degree
1234:
1210:
1164:
1162:academic degree
1158:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1115:* (historical),
1113:Skills for Life
1099:
1096:Skills for Life
1094:(historical),
1090:(historical),
1062:
1059:Skills for Life
1025:
1012:(historical),
998:Cambridge Pre-U
960:
943:
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578:
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569:Wayback Machine
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537:. 14 July 2017.
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1098:* (historical)
1086:(at Level 1),
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1053:(historical),
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352:on 27 May 2010
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1244:Postgraduate
1197:
1024:(historical)
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942:(historical)
931:
921:(historical)
888:(historical)
799:, E3 Diploma
714:
589:. Retrieved
585:the original
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513:. Retrieved
509:the original
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356:26 September
354:. Retrieved
350:the original
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330:26 September
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140:polytechnics
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1419:certificate
1405:Microdegree
1366:No dominant
1271:certificate
1088:Level 1 NVQ
1055:Level 2 NVQ
1010:Level 3 NVQ
957:Level 4 NVQ
940:Level 4 NVQ
919:Level 5 NVQ
886:Level 5 NVQ
797:Key Stage 3
535:punchng.com
1486:Categories
1395:Licentiate
1160:Levels of
591:15 October
515:9 February
254:28 October
200:References
115:(SQA) and
1460:Ad eundem
1431:/
1417:/
1300:Doctorate
1269:/
1204:/
1200:/
666:Doctorate
374:. Edexcel
279:24 August
219:Directgov
57:Argentina
1447:Unearned
565:Archived
443:Archived
304:19 April
178:See also
121:Scotland
91:Overview
65:Cameroon
51:and the
1433:diploma
1293:level 8
1255:level 7
1218:level 6
1181:level 5
1067:Level 1
1030:Level 2
1002:A-level
965:Level 3
948:Level 4
927:Level 5
894:Level 6
869:Level 7
857:Level 8
851:system.
792:Entry 3
772:Level 1
756:Level 2
741:A-Level
736:Level 3
722:Level 4
701:Level 5
689:Level 6
673:Level 7
661:Level 8
299:MINESUP
184:Diploma
97:England
77:Nigeria
1462:degree
1390:Laurea
1357:Fellow
1352:Tenure
1347:Docent
425:10 May
400:7 July
378:7 July
103:, and
61:Brunei
1318:Other
1291:ISCED
1253:ISCED
1216:ISCED
1179:ISCED
1104:Entry
248:(PDF)
241:(PDF)
101:Wales
85:Kenya
81:Ghana
73:Malta
69:India
1072:GCSE
1035:GCSE
849:FHEQ
777:GCSE
761:GCSE
652:and
593:2006
517:2018
427:2020
402:2012
380:2012
358:2012
332:2012
306:2024
281:2020
256:2014
148:JAMB
123:, a
117:BTEC
1078:,
917:*,
913:*,
884:*,
880:*,
648:in
95:In
33:HND
1488::
1082:,
1049:,
1045:,
1004:,
1000:,
996:,
992:,
988:,
984:,
980:,
976:,
972:,
955:,
938:,
934:,
909:,
905:,
901:,
876:,
783:,
747:,
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713:,
709:,
680:,
533:.
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272:.
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99:,
83:,
79:,
75:,
71:,
67:,
63:,
59:,
1153:e
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382:.
360:.
334:.
308:.
283:.
258:.
31:(
23:.
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