530:
758:, a quasi-religious group that robbed travellers on Indian roads until the cult was systematically eradicated in the mid-1800s by British colonial administrators. Thugees would befriend large road caravans and gain their confidence, before strangling them to death and robbing their valuables. According to some estimates the Thuggees murdered a million people between 1740 and 1840. More generally, armed bands known colloquially as "
49:
2754:
64:
843:
687:). Until the 1830s they were mainly simply regarded as criminals but an increasing public appetite for betyar songs, ballads and stories gradually gave a romantic image to these armed and usually mounted robbers. Several of the betyárs have become legendary figures who in the public mind fought for social justice. Hungarian betyárs included
150:
and French wars. What favoured them most was the lack of governance and absence of a police force: parish constables were almost entirely ineffective, while detection and arrest were very difficult. Most of the highwaymen held up travellers and took their money. Some had channels by which they could
592:
In
England the causes of the decline are more controversial. After about 1815, mounted robbers are recorded only rarely, the last recorded robbery by a mounted highwayman having occurred in 1831. The decline in highwayman activity also occurred during the period in which repeating handguns, notably
256:
described the use of direct, physical action as a hallmark of public and political life: "From the rough-house of the crowd to the dragoons' musket volley, violence was as
English as plum pudding. Force was used not just criminally, but as a matter of routine to achieve social and political goals,
629:
of 1773 was followed by a sharp decline in highway robberies; stone walls falling over the open range like a net, confined the escaping highwaymen to the roads themselves, which now had walls on both sides and were better patrolled. The dramatic population increase which began with the
738:: Hajdú) also originated in Hungary. They were formed from large numbers of Hungarians forced out of Syrmia and the Banates (Banate of Srebrenik, Banate of Nándorfehérvár, Banat of Macsó), moving upwords to central Hungary because of the Turkish attacks (they are replaced by the
1113:" tells the story of an Irish highwayman who robs an army captain and includes the lines "I first produced me pistol, then I drew me rapier. Said 'Stand and deliver, for you are a bold deceiver'." The hit single version recorded in 1973 by Irish rock band
252:, who was shot at in Hyde Park, wrote that "One is forced to travel, even at noon, as if one was going to battle." During this period, crime was rife and encounters with highwaymen or women could be bloody if the victim attempted to resist. The historian
2220:
616:
Cities such as London were becoming much better policed: in 1805 a body of mounted police began to patrol the districts around the city at night. London was growing rapidly, and some of the most dangerous open spaces near the city, such as
613:, made it all but impossible for a highwayman to escape notice while making his getaway, but he could easily avoid such systems and use other roads, almost all of which outside the cities were flanked by open country.
1720:, Highwaymen appear as an elite type of enemy which works alongside bandits and makes use of speed and agility over brute strength. It is also possible for players to dress as Highwaymen. There is an enemy type in
2227:
621:, were being covered with buildings. However, this only moved the robbers' operating area further out, to the new exterior of an expanded city, and does not therefore explain decline. A greater use of
1124:" recounts the deeds and death of a highwayman who robbed "the lords and ladies bright". The traditional Irish song "Brennan on the Moor" describes an escapade of the "bold, undaunted robber".
774:
in the early 19th century. Along with his close friend
Ithikkarappkki from the nearby Ithikkara village, he is said to have stolen from the rich and given to the poor. With the help of an
1892:, p. 14: "Road-agent is the name applied in the mountains to a ruffian who has given up honest work in the store, in the mine, in the ranch, for the perils and profits of the highway."
1255:
a highwayman holds up a stagecoach with pistols – in order to wash the coach in exchange for small monies in the manner of a modern-day unsolicited car window washer in traffic. In
762:" have long wreaked havoc on many parts of the country. In recent times this has often served as a way to fund various regional and political insurgencies that includes the Maoist
942:
From the early 18th century, collections of short stories of highwaymen and other notorious criminals became very popular. The earliest of these is
Captain Alexander Smith's
257:
smudging hard-and-fast distinctions between the worlds of criminality and politics... Highwaymen were romanticized, with a hidden irony, as 'gentlemen of the road.'"
798:(Hajduci, Хајдуци, Хайдути), rebels who opposed Ottoman rule and acted as a guerilla force, also instrumental in the many wars against the Ottomans, especially the
1934:
A Full and
Impartial Account of all the Robberies Committed by John Hawkins, George Sympson (lately Executed for Robbing the Bristol Mails) and their Companions
1102:
about highwaymen; these were often written to be sold on the occasion of a famous robber's execution. A number of highwaymen ballads have remained current in
569:. Highwaymen who went to the gallows laughing and joking, or at least showing no fear, are said to have been admired by many of the people who came to watch.
151:
dispose of bills of exchange. Others had a 'racket' on the road transport of an extensive district; carriers regularly paid them a ransom to go unmolested.
2252:
2101:
170:!" (sometimes in forms such as "Stand and deliver your purse!" "Stand and deliver your money!") was in use from the 17th century to the 19th century:
1147:, recounts a romantic encounter between a highwayman and his female victim. In the end, the highwayman is hanged over the objections of his victim.
2454:
1372:
1008:
577:
During the 18th century French rural roads were generally safer from highwaymen than those of
England, an advantage credited by the historian
655:(κλέφτες), Greeks who had taken refuge in the inaccessible mountains. The klephts, who acted as a guerilla force, were instrumental in the
122:–esque slant) what was often an especially violent form of stealing. In the 19th-century American West, highwaymen were sometimes known as
605:
is sometimes cited as a factor, but highwaymen were already obsolete before the railway network was built. The expansion of the system of
589:. In England this force was often confused with the regular army and as such cited as an instrument of royal tyranny not to be imitated.
1129:
1060:
was originally a gag-a-day about a failed highwayman called Gilles, but the character later evolved into a resistance fighter with the
178:
on a man whom he met on the Road, by bidding him Stand and
Deliver, but to little purpose; for the Traveller had no more Money than a
634:
also meant, quite simply, that there were more eyes around, and the concept of remote place became a thing of the past in
England.
877:
is a highwayman, and part of the action of the play concerns a robbery committed by him and his companions. Another highwayman in
265:
There is a long history of treating highway robbers as heroes. They were admired by many as bold men who confronted their victims
1564:
454:
where horse races and sporting events became popular with the elite from 1625. Later in the 18th century the road from London to
1644:
1348:
199:
Evidence of John Mawson: "As I was coming home, in company with Mr. Andrews, within two fields of the new road that is by the
2741:
2727:
2713:
2655:
2631:
2617:
2582:
2568:
2540:
2526:
2512:
2504:
2478:
118:
such as "knights of the road" and "gentlemen of the road" were sometimes used by people interested in romanticizing (with a
1750:
there is a playable character named
Highwayman who is dressed in Victorian clothing and represents the hero archetype. In
1285:
1191:
1884:, 1898, defines road-agent as "A highwayman in the mountain districts of North America," citing the generation earlier,
357:. From the mid-17th century onwards, highwaymen who harassed the English authorities were known as 'tories' (from Irish
2140:
1580:
754:
The Indian
Subcontinent has had a long and documented history of organised robbery for millennia. These included the
95:
who travelled and robbed on foot; mounted highwaymen were widely considered to be socially superior to footpads. Such
2698:
2690:
2669:
2641:
2554:
2407:
2296:
1992:
1911:
1291:
353:, acts of robbery were often part of a tradition of Irish resistance to the English and British authorities and the
1426:
1083:
436:
244:
did not stop immediately one of the two highwaymen fired at him (They had guns at the time) – It was at the end of
38:
1311:
395:
English highwaymen often laid in wait on the main roads radiating from London. They usually chose lonely areas of
2368:
1692:
1572:
1524:
1390:
1237:
986:
815:
1620:
1403:
1361:
779:
207:, we were met by two men; they attacked us both: the man who attacked me I have never seen since. He clapped a
179:
746:
settling in the region). By the end of the 16th century they had developed into a significant military force.
2260:
1604:
1508:
1444:
1276:
310:
2109:
1325:
442:
To the south of London, highwaymen sought to attack wealthy travellers on the roads leading to and from the
1484:
1476:
1468:
1251:
380:
143:
2758:
2451:
1811:
1722:
1676:
1660:
1210:
534:
31:
2765:
2720:
Outlaws and Highwaymen: The Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century
2326:
Outlaws and Highwaymen: the Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century
2195:
Outlaws and Highwaymen: the Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century
2157:
Outlaws and Highwaymen: the Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century
2073:
Outlaws and Highwaymen: the Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century
1856:
Outlaws and Highwaymen: the Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century
1320:
2636:
Liapi, Lena (2019). "Roguery in Print: Crime and Culture in Early Modern London" Boydell & Brewer.
2471:
A brigand, two queens, and a prankster; stories of Janosik, Queen Bona, Queen Kinga and the Sowizdrzal.
1158:" in 1977 about a soul with incarnations in four different places in time and history, a highwayman, a
17:
601:
revolver, became increasingly available and affordable to the average citizen. The development of the
1796:
1174:
recorded a version of the song in 1978, but the most popular incarnation of the song was recorded by
656:
266:
167:
2592:
Half-hours with the Highwaymen: picturesque biographies and traditions of the "knights of the road"
2077:
Half-hours with the Highwaymen: picturesque biographies and traditions of the "knights of the road"
1336:, a Spanish TV series which aired from 1976 to 1979, starred a group of 19th-century highwaymen or
423:
was another dangerous place on the road to Exeter. One of the most notorious places in England was
957:, stories for boys published in serial form. In the 20th century the handsome highwayman became a
782:, Kochunni was arrested and sent to Poojappura Central Jail. Legends of his works are compiled in
1532:
1460:
1452:
1271:
978:
794:
The bandits in Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia and Bulgaria under Ottoman rule, and in Hungary were the
240:, who wrote in 1774: "I was robbed last night as I expected, our loss was not great, but as the
2339:
1684:
1588:
802:. Serbian and Croatian refugees in Austro-Hungarian (and Habsburg) lands were also part of the
502:
195:
The phrase "Your money or your life!" is mentioned in trial reports from the mid-18th century:
1965:
998:, which portrays the adventures of Ronia, the daughter of the leader of a gang of highwaymen.
2587:
1947:
1732:
one can encounter the Defias Highwaymen, the strongest members of the Defias Brotherhood. In
1700:
1628:
1368:, and narrating the adventures of Ronia, the daughter of the leader of a gang of highwaymen.
1202:
936:
917:
894:
631:
578:
354:
182:, but told him, all the treasure he had was a pound of Tobacco, which he civilly surrendered.
139:
1303:
1279:, the highwayman was depicted as an 18th-century Robin Hood figure. Additionally the actor
982:(1818) recounts the heroine waylaid by highwaymen while travelling from Scotland to London.
704:
318:
174:
A fellow of a good Name, but poor Condition, and worse Quality, was Convicted for laying an
2561:
Hero on a Stolen Horse: Highwayman and His Brothers-in-arms – The Bandit and the Bushranger
1668:
1500:
1381:
1257:
1121:
947:
830:
or other travelers along roads. Sometimes they would help the poor peasants. In the 1800s,
506:
8:
2786:
2770:
Primary source book from 1674 on aspects of Highwaymen, their customs and their crimes -
2595:
2080:
1556:
1492:
1415:
1079:
1013:
953:
In the later 19th century, highwaymen such as Dick Turpin were the heroes of a number of
767:
322:
2282:
1766:
1726:
called the "bandit highwayman" that acts as one of the higher-level bandit enemies. In
1315:
1266:
1179:
1110:
932:
799:
771:
735:
720:
708:
668:
626:
467:
350:
1756:
many articles of clothing obtained by "The Hunter" are inspired by Highwaymen attire.
338:
211:
to my breast, and said, with an oath, Your money, or your life! He had on a soldier's
2737:
2723:
2709:
2694:
2686:
2665:
2651:
2637:
2627:
2613:
2578:
2564:
2550:
2536:
2522:
2508:
2500:
2474:
2403:
2292:
2136:
1988:
1907:
1885:
1728:
1540:
1411:
1377:
1262:
1198:
1155:
1125:
1117:
renders this last line "I said 'Stand-oh and deliver, or the devil he may take ya'."
1087:
688:
625:, more traceable than gold coins, also made life more difficult for robbers, but the
586:
510:
498:
424:
368:
147:
104:
56:
2130:
2599:
2087:
1636:
1136:
904:
882:
870:
822:, Transylvania, and Ukraine, the Haiduks (Romanian – Haiduci, Ukrainian – Гайдуки,
517:) lit at night with oil lamps as a precaution against them. This made it the first
475:
471:
428:
155:
146:
in 1714. Some are known to have been disbanded soldiers, and even officers, of the
2734:
The Thief of Hearts: Claude Duval and the Gentleman Highwayman in Fact and Fiction
2435:
1931:
1396:
1332:
1289:. A singing highwayman appears in the fourth episode of the animated mini-series,
2771:
2458:
2397:
2286:
1746:
1734:
1548:
1516:
1407:
1365:
1183:
1071:
1017:
995:
966:
958:
950:
in their titles and this has become a general name for this kind of publication.
692:
676:
618:
443:
432:
396:
204:
2356:
1816:
1738:
the Highwayman is a class of hero who wields a dirk and flintlock to fight. In
1430:
1280:
1222:
1103:
1048:
954:
913:
908:(1834), in which a heavily fictionalised Turpin is one of the main characters.
602:
598:
562:
554:
483:
479:
463:
451:
408:
404:
314:
249:
2446:
Votruba, Martin: "Hang Him High: The Elevation of Jánošík to an Ethnic Icon."
1851:
700:
2780:
2648:
Highwayman's Heath: Story in Fact and Fiction of Hounslow Heath in Middlesex
2624:
Brigands with a Cause, Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece 1821–1912.
2605:
2207:
2056:
Highwayman's Heath: Story in Fact and Fiction of Hounslow Heath in Middlesex
1806:
1596:
1307:
1227:
1175:
1171:
1028:
1021:
878:
854:
807:
491:
487:
466:
attracted highwaymen. Commons and heaths considered to be dangerous included
416:
384:
334:
1744:, highwaymen attack lower-leveled players on a route between two cities. In
944:
Complete History of the Lives and Robberies of the Most Notorious Highwaymen
486:– also the site of a gallows known as "Hangman's Acre" or "Gallows Green" –
1791:
1612:
1388:) is a Japanese animated television series, also based on Lindgren's novel
1357:
1235:
sent up the highwayman legends in the Dennis Moore sketch in Episode 37 of
1232:
1206:
1057:
973:
928:
909:
890:
582:
558:
518:
376:
330:
298:
294:
163:
1987:. Pelican Social History of Britain: Pelican Books. pp. 31, 114–115.
2772:
Jackson's Recantation; or, the Life and Death of the Notorious Highwayman
2683:
The Outlaw Legend: a cultural tradition in Britain, America and Australia
2492:
2424:
The Outlaw Legend: a cultural tradition in Britain, America and Australia
2043:
The Outlaw Legend: a cultural tradition in Britain, America and Australia
2014:
1652:
1242:
1187:
899:
865:
857:
846:
302:
270:
245:
107:, were said to also exist, often dressing as men, especially in fiction.
359:
1843:
1776:
1771:
1752:
1163:
1151:
1140:
1114:
1053:
1040:
962:
850:
724:
594:
514:
286:
274:
253:
237:
219:. I put the bayonet aside, and gave him my silver, about three or four
200:
159:
127:
119:
68:
2373:
1740:
1167:
1144:
1075:
1036:
924:
610:
606:
566:
550:
529:
326:
306:
278:
241:
212:
115:
831:
2131:
Hibbert, Cristopher; Weinreb, Ben; Keay, John; Keay, Julia (2011).
1906:. Oxford History of England: Oxford University Press. p. 259.
1821:
1716:
1032:
886:
874:
826:) were bandits and deserters who lived in forests and robbed local
819:
783:
763:
755:
716:
622:
459:
400:
372:
282:
220:
216:
166:
who carried the mail were also frequently held up. The demand to "
48:
2010:
1781:
1310:, Czech, and Polish cultures by the 19th century and hundreds of
991:
920:" has been immensely popular ever since its publication in 1906.
795:
759:
652:
546:
542:
455:
208:
175:
92:
80:
42:
2221:"SHP History B – Crime and Punishment 1750–1900, 3.3 Highwaymen"
719:), is still regarded as the Slovak version, and Sobri Jóska the
2753:
1801:
1786:
1419:
1246:
1159:
1099:
1061:
811:
803:
775:
743:
731:
648:
420:
412:
290:
1135:
The contemporary folk song "On the Road to Fairfax County" by
1070:, a graphic children's story book about the Indian highwayman
71:
depicted in an engraving now in the National Portrait Gallery.
2371:[Ithikkara Pakki's story adapted, without courtesy].
1341:
1128:
had a number one song for five weeks in 1981 in the UK with "
927:
about highwaymen exist, both positive and negative, such as "
842:
827:
739:
497:
During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, highwaymen in
447:
96:
88:
84:
63:
1422:
have been adapted for cinema and television multiple times.
2315:, Chapter 5: 'The Man from Manchester'. Profile Books, 2004
27:
Archaic term for a mounted robber who steals from travelers
2766:
The Heroic Outlaw in Irish Folklore and Popular Literature
946:(1714). Some later collections of this type had the words
2058:. Heritage Publications, Hounslow Leisure Services, 1994.
1850:, A. V. Judges, ed. pp. 415–416. George Routledge, 1930.
1324:, made in 1921, followed by seven more Slovak and Polish
1132:". The video featured Adam Ant as an English highwayman.
2369:"'ഇത്തിക്കര പക്കി'യുടെ കഥ കടം കൊണ്ടു, കടപ്പാടുപോലുമില്ല"
2071:, pp. 155–156. Clarendon Press, 1986; Spraggs, Gillian:
581:
to the existence of a uniformed and disciplined mounted
1306:(1688–1713) became a hero of many folk legends in the
407:
was a favourite haunt: it was crossed by the roads to
37:"Highway robbery" redirects here. For other uses, see
545:, and most notorious English highwaymen ended on the
2650:, Heritage Publications, Hounslow Leisure Services,
2469:
Few in English, e.g.: Moore Coleman, Marion (1972).
2206:'The Enclosure Acts and the Industrial Revolution',
138:
The great age of highwaymen was the period from the
715:), who was born and operated in Upper Hungary (now
450:, which became a fashionable spa town in 1620, and
2346:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–37, 209.
2182:Crime and punishment in eighteenth-century England
2009:Outlaws and Highwaymen: the Cult of the Robber in
1867:Fennor, William. "The Counter's Commonwealth," in
1402:The lives of numerous Indian highwaymen including
236:Victims of highwaymen included the Prime Minister
1043:'s attempts at robbing travellers in the forest.
837:
789:
2778:
2436:Monty Python's Flying Circus Script – Episode 37
2075:, p. 93. Pimlico, 2001. Harper, Charles George:
1209:, as a song by the same title in her 1997 album
961:in historical love romances, including books by
2706:Dick Turpin: The Myth of the English Highwayman
2533:Stand and Deliver! A History of Highway Robbery
2313:Dick Turpin: the Myth of the English Highwayman
1269:". In the British children's television series
1082:was adapted as a comic by Radha M. Nair in the
637:
158:for their lack of protection, including public
2676:Stand and Deliver: The Story of the Highwaymen
2426:, pp. 47–78. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
2045:, pp. 69–78. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
770:was also a famed highwayman who was active in
549:. The chief place of execution for London and
269:and were ready to fight for what they wanted.
99:operated until the mid- or late 19th century.
2395:
557:. Highwaymen whose lives ended there include
1846:. "Martin Markall, Beadle of Bridewell," in
667:The highwaymen of the 17th- to 19th-century
371:). Later that century, they became known as
313:and his partner, the "Gentleman Highwayman"
2357:The Newgate Calendar – Bibliographical Note
1245:played the titular criminal who stole only
351:17th to the early 19th centuries in Ireland
2331:
2281:
2069:Crime and the Courts in England, 1660–1800
1928:Crime and the Courts in England, 1660–1800
1190:in 1984, who as a group called themselves
541:The penalty for robbery with violence was
2612:Delacorte Press; Revised edition (2000).
2575:The English Highwayman: A Legend Unmasked
2079:, pp. 245–255. Chapman & Hall, 1908;
1985:English Society in the Eighteenth Century
1216:
841:
528:
344:
83:who stole from travellers. This type of
62:
47:
2099:
1966:"Trial of John Buckley, Thomas Shenton"
1565:The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders
1249:. In a linking sketch in an episode of
533:The execution of the French highwayman
14:
2779:
1982:
1930:, pp. 149–158. Clarendon Press, 1986;
1858:, pp. 107, 169, 190–191. Pimlico, 2001
2291:. Pearson Education. pp. 82–83.
2253:"Impact of the Industrial Revolution"
1901:
1433:) disguises himself as a highwayman.
1314:have since been published. The first
1154:penned and recorded a song entitled "
662:
341:also came to be venerated as a hero.
2337:
1839:
1837:
1078:. The life of the Indian highwayman
786:and are still read and heard today.
260:
2259:. 18 September 2011. Archived from
2019:, pp. 2–3, 7–8, 255. Pimlico, 2001.
806:. Notable freedom fighters include
703:, Márton Vidróczki, Jóska Savanyú.
446:ports and aristocratic arenas like
390:
281:. Later robber heroes included the
126:. In Australia, they were known as
24:
2486:
1581:Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
110:The first attestation of the word
25:
2798:
2747:
2732:Sugden, John and Philip (2015).
2559:Evans, Hilary & Mary (1997).
1948:"Browse – Central Criminal Court"
1834:
1395:and directed and storyboarded by
1265:turns highwayman in the episode "
1086:of the Indian comic book series,
1074:, was published in April 2010 in
229:The Proceedings of the Old Bailey
188:The Proceedings of the Old Bailey
2752:
2170:L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution
2100:Walford, Leslie (7 March 2011).
1427:Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated
87:usually travelled and robbed by
2678:, Museum Press, ASIN B0000CHVTK
2463:
2440:
2429:
2416:
2389:
2361:
2350:
2318:
2305:
2275:
2245:
2213:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2162:
2149:
2124:
2093:
2061:
2048:
2035:
2022:
1225:included a highwayman spoof in
1162:, a construction worker on the
2685:, Cambridge University Press,
2377:(in Malayalam). 9 October 2018
2135:. Pan Macmillan. p. 424.
2083:Half-hours with the Highwaymen
2001:
1976:
1958:
1940:
1936:. 3rd edition, J. Peele, 1722.
1920:
1895:
1882:Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
1874:
1861:
1709:
1621:Kaayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan
1429:, the main villain (voiced by
1404:Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker
838:Literature and popular culture
790:The Balkans and eastern Europe
780:Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker
13:
1:
2402:. Amar Chitra Katha Pvt Ltd.
2340:"Positive Highwayman Ballads"
2328:, pp. 237–240. Pimlico, 2001.
1932:Extracts from Wilson, Ralph:
1854:. See also Spraggs, Gillian:
1828:
1356:in the US) is a 1984 Swedish
1201:adapted the narrative poem, "
902:was significantly boosted by
524:
501:were sufficiently common for
2622:Koliopoulos, John S (1987).
2159:, pp. 212–233. Pimlico, 2001
1904:The Later Stuarts, 1660–1714
1645:Ronia, the Robber's Daughter
1469:The Adventures of Robin Hood
1391:Ronia, the Robber's Daughter
1373:Ronja, the Robber's Daughter
1349:Ronia, the Robber's Daughter
1238:Monty Python's Flying Circus
1120:The traditional Irish song "
1109:The traditional Irish song "
987:Ronia, the Robber's Daughter
651:under Ottoman rule were the
638:Outside Anglophone countries
41:. For the general term, see
7:
1812:Road agent (disambiguation)
1759:
1723:The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim
1677:The Lady and the Highwayman
1425:Season two, episode 20, of
1098:There were many broadsheet
293:-born gentleman highwayman
32:Highwayman (disambiguation)
10:
2803:
2664:, Olympic Marketing Corp,
2662:Crimson Book of Highwaymen
2646:Maxwell, Gordon S (1994).
2054:Maxwell, Gordon S. :
1902:Clark, Sir George (1956).
1869:The Elizabethan Underworld
1848:The Elizabethan Underworld
1064:against the Spanish army.
1006:The Belgian comics series
834:became common in Hungary.
816:Jovo Stanisavljević Čaruga
572:
505:to have the route between
277:is regarded as an English
133:
36:
29:
2718:Spraggs, Gillian (2001).
2674:Pringle, Patrick (1951).
2545:Dunford, Stephen (2000).
2517:Billett, Michael (1997).
2507:; revised edition (1994)
2184:, p. 81. Routledge, 1989.
2032:. Merlin Publishing, 2000
2017:to the Nineteenth Century
1797:Marauder (disambiguation)
1297:Songs of the Dark Lantern
1252:Not the Nine O'Clock News
1001:
657:Greek War of Independence
642:
2197:, p. 234. Pimlico, 2001.
2133:The London Encyclopaedia
1436:
1312:literary works about him
1302:The highwayman known as
1106:in England and Ireland.
1093:
1046:The Dutch comics series
923:A number of traditional
749:
321:; and Indians including
142:in 1660 to the death of
55:(Attack on a Coach), by
2573:Haining, Peter (1991).
2531:Brandon, David (2004).
2521:, Weidenfeld Military,
2450:65#1, pp. 24–44, 2006.
1970:www.oldbaileyonline.org
1952:www.oldbaileyonline.org
1685:Plunkett & Macleane
1533:The Lady and the Bandit
1386:Sanzoku no Musume Rōnya
1362:novel of the same title
1344:in the south of Spain.
990:(1981) is a children's
979:The Heart of Midlothian
818:. In medieval Vlachia,
375:. Their ranks included
333:. In the same way, the
2704:Sharpe, James (2005).
2660:Newark, Peter (1988).
2594:, Chapman & Hall.
2588:Harper, Charles George
2519:Highwaymen and Outlaws
2499:, Shire Publications,
2396:Radha M. Nair (1971).
2257:Ecology Global Network
2168:Alexis de Tocqueville
1283:played Dick Turpin in
861:
712:
696:
538:
234:
193:
72:
60:
2761:at Wikimedia Commons
2681:Seal, Graham (1996).
2549:, Merlin Publishing,
2535:, Sutton Publishing,
2338:Seal, Graham (1996).
1354:Ronja Robbersdaughter
1217:Cinema and television
937:The Wild Colonial Boy
845:
632:Industrial Revolution
579:Alexis de Tocqueville
532:
490:, Banstead Downs and
439:, was nearly as bad.
355:Protestant Ascendancy
345:British-ruled Ireland
231:, 12 September 1781,
197:
172:
66:
51:
2547:The Irish Highwaymen
2102:"Stand and Deliver!"
2030:The Irish Highwaymen
1983:Porter, Roy (1982).
1360:, based on the 1981
1340:in the mountains of
1292:Over the Garden Wall
1258:Blackadder the Third
1197:The Canadian singer
1122:The Newry Highwayman
948:The Newgate Calendar
521:highway in Britain.
387:and Jeremiah Grant.
154:They often attacked
30:For other uses, see
2473:Cherry Hill Books.
2457:5 July 2008 at the
2288:Genocide: A History
1880:Brewer, E. Cobham.
1693:Kayamkulam Kochunni
1573:Kayamkulam Kochunni
1525:The Loves of Carmen
1493:My Little Chickadee
1416:Kayamkulam Kochunni
1316:Slovak feature film
1211:The Book of Secrets
1166:, and finally as a
1080:Kayamkulam Kochunni
768:Kayamkulam Kochunni
609:, manned and gated
567:Sixteen-string Jack
323:Kayamkulam Kochunni
307:Sixteen String Jack
67:English highwayman
2324:Spraggs, Gillian:
2193:Spraggs, Gillian:
2155:Spraggs, Gillian:
2106:Time & Leisure
2081:Online edition of
2028:Dunford, Stephen.
2007:Spraggs, Gillian:
1767:List of highwaymen
1286:Horrible Histories
1277:Richard O'Sullivan
1267:Amy and Amiability
1180:Kris Kristofferson
1111:Whiskey in the Jar
933:Whiskey in the Jar
895:The Beggar's Opera
862:
800:Serbian revolution
772:Central Travancore
669:Kingdom of Hungary
663:Kingdom of Hungary
539:
73:
61:
2757:Media related to
2742:978-0-9934183-0-3
2728:978-0-7126-6479-0
2714:978-1-86197-418-1
2708:, Profile Books,
2656:978-1-899144-00-6
2632:978-0-19-822863-9
2626:Clarendon Press.
2618:978-1-56584-619-7
2583:978-0-7090-4426-0
2569:978-0-584-10340-3
2541:978-0-7509-3528-9
2527:978-1-85409-318-9
2513:978-0-7478-0260-0
2505:978-0-85263-101-0
2479:978-0-910366-13-7
2344:The Outlaw Legend
2283:Rubinstein, W. D.
2263:on 8 January 2020
1886:W. Hepworth Dixon
1729:World of Warcraft
1605:The Mark of Zorro
1541:Bend of the River
1509:The Mark of Zorro
1445:The Mark of Zorro
1412:Jambulingam Nadar
1263:Mr. E. Blackadder
1168:star ship captain
1130:Stand and Deliver
1126:Adam and the Ants
1088:Amar Chitra Katha
511:Kensington Palace
507:St James's Palace
261:Robbers as heroes
190:, 25 April 1677,
168:Stand and deliver
148:English Civil War
105:Katherine Ferrers
91:as compared to a
57:Francisco de Goya
16:(Redirected from
2794:
2756:
2600:Internet Archive
2577:, Robert Hale,
2481:
2467:
2461:
2444:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2365:
2359:
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2348:
2347:
2335:
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2316:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:on 13 April 2016
2232:
2226:. Archived from
2225:
2217:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2108:. Archived from
2097:
2091:
2088:Internet Archive
2067:Beattie, J. M.:
2065:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1938:
1926:Beattie, J. M.:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1899:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1852:Online quotation
1841:
1637:Vellayani Paramu
1557:The King's Thief
1485:Frontier Marshal
1477:The Night Riders
1199:Loreena McKennit
1137:David Massengill
1025:
898:. The legend of
889:'s 18th-century
883:Captain Macheath
871:Henry IV, Part 1
519:artificially lit
503:King William III
476:Streatham Common
437:Great North Road
429:Great Dover Road
391:Dangerous places
381:Redmond O'Hanlon
311:William Plunkett
232:
191:
21:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2777:
2776:
2750:
2736:, Forty Steps,
2489:
2487:Further reading
2484:
2468:
2464:
2459:Wayback Machine
2445:
2441:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2410:
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2323:
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2311:Sharpe, James:
2310:
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2280:
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2234:
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2219:
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2201:
2192:
2188:
2180:McLynn, Frank:
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1995:
1981:
1977:
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1945:
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1866:
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1842:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1762:
1747:Bushido Blade 2
1735:Darkest Dungeon
1712:
1707:
1661:The Wicked Lady
1549:Son of Paleface
1517:The Wicked Lady
1439:
1408:Ithikkara Pakki
1366:Astrid Lindgren
1326:films about him
1219:
1184:Waylon Jennings
1096:
1072:Ithikkara Pakki
1068:Ithikkara Pakki
1011:
1004:
996:Astrid Lindgren
967:Georgette Heyer
959:stock character
955:penny dreadfuls
840:
792:
778:warrior called
752:
665:
647:The bandits in
645:
640:
619:Finchley Common
575:
527:
433:Finchley Common
393:
369:modern spelling
347:
339:Roberto Cofresí
263:
233:
227:
192:
186:
136:
53:Asalto al coche
46:
39:Highway Robbery
35:
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2800:
2790:
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2748:External links
2746:
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2620:
2606:Hobsbawm, Eric
2603:
2596:Online edition
2585:
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2557:
2543:
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2485:
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2448:Slavic Review,
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2148:
2142:978-0230738782
2141:
2123:
2112:on 7 July 2018
2092:
2060:
2047:
2041:Seal, Graham.
2034:
2021:
2000:
1993:
1975:
1957:
1939:
1919:
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1431:James Marsters
1281:Mathew Baynton
1223:Carry On films
1218:
1215:
1203:The Highwayman
1192:The Highwaymen
1139:, recorded by
1104:oral tradition
1095:
1092:
1049:Gilles de Geus
1003:
1000:
963:Baroness Orczy
918:The Highwayman
914:narrative poem
839:
836:
791:
788:
751:
748:
713:Jánosik György
664:
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639:
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563:James MacLaine
559:Claude Du Vall
526:
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484:Thornton Heath
480:Mitcham Common
452:Banstead Downs
425:Shooter's Hill
405:Hounslow Heath
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315:James MacLaine
295:Claude Du Vall
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1205:" written by
1204:
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319:Juraj Jánošík
317:; the Slovak
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2228:the original
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2110:the original
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1371:
1370:
1358:fantasy film
1353:
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1319:
1301:
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1226:
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1207:Alfred Noyes
1196:
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1134:
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1067:
1066:
1058:Peter de Wit
1047:
1045:
1009:Robin Dubois
1007:
1005:
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984:
977:
974:Walter Scott
971:
952:
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929:Young Morgan
922:
910:Alfred Noyes
903:
893:
891:ballad opera
869:
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810:, a notable
793:
753:
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689:Sándor Rózsa
684:
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587:Maréchaussée
583:constabulary
576:
540:
496:
472:Putney Heath
441:
394:
377:James Freney
364:
358:
348:
335:Puerto Rican
331:Phoolan Devi
299:John Nevison
267:face to face
264:
235:
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198:
194:
187:
173:
160:stagecoaches
153:
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123:
111:
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101:Highwaywomen
100:
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2722:, Pimlico,
2116:27 December
2015:Middle Ages
1890:New America
1844:Rid, Samuel
1710:Video games
1653:Jambulingam
1461:Dick Turpin
1453:Dick Turpin
1275:, starring
1272:Dick Turpin
1243:John Cleese
1241:, in which
1188:Johnny Cash
1084:794th issue
1012: [
976:'s romance
900:Dick Turpin
866:Shakespeare
858:toy theatre
847:Dick Turpin
723:version of
701:Jóska Sobri
555:Tyburn Tree
303:Dick Turpin
285:highwayman
246:Gunnersbury
140:Restoration
128:bushrangers
124:road agents
2787:Highwaymen
2759:Highwaymen
2563:, Muller,
2497:Highwaymen
1829:References
1777:Bushranger
1772:Brigandage
1753:Bloodborne
1589:Robin Hood
1338:bandoleros
1164:Hoover Dam
1156:Highwayman
1152:Jimmy Webb
1141:The Roches
1115:Thin Lizzy
1054:Hanco Kolk
1041:Robin Hood
925:folk songs
885:, hero of
851:Black Bess
766:movement.
725:Robin Hood
611:toll-roads
599:percussion
595:pepper-box
525:Executions
515:Rotten Row
468:Blackheath
363:, raider;
287:James Hind
275:Robin Hood
254:Roy Porter
238:Lord North
201:gate-house
144:Queen Anne
120:Robin Hood
116:Euphemisms
112:highwayman
103:, such as
77:highwayman
69:James Hind
18:Highwaymen
2452:Abstract.
2374:Janayugom
2013:from the
1871:, p. 446.
1741:Runescape
1150:Musician
1145:Joan Baez
1076:Malayalam
1037:gag-a-day
855:Victorian
853:, from a
736:Hungarian
721:Hungarian
709:Hungarian
697:Šaňo Róža
671:were the
623:banknotes
607:turnpikes
551:Middlesex
535:Cartouche
499:Hyde Park
435:, on the
397:heathland
373:rapparees
327:Veerappan
279:folk hero
242:postilion
221:shillings
213:waistcoat
97:criminals
2781:Category
2610:Bandits,
2608:(1969).
2590:(1908).
2495:(1970).
2455:Archived
2399:Kochunni
2285:(2004).
2267:31 March
2237:31 March
1822:Thuggees
1760:See also
1717:Fable II
1378:Japanese
1231:(1974).
1033:De Groot
994:book by
935:", and "
905:Rookwood
887:John Gay
875:Falstaff
820:Moldavia
784:folklore
764:Naxalite
756:Thuggees
717:Slovakia
685:zbojníci
603:railways
597:and the
462:through
460:Brighton
401:woodland
360:tóraidhe
283:Cavalier
271:Medieval
226:—
217:breeches
185:—
180:Capuchin
164:postboys
2693:(hbk),
2011:England
1782:Dacoity
1382:Hepburn
1321:Jánošík
1143:and by
1100:ballads
992:fantasy
849:riding
832:betyárs
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796:Hajduks
760:dacoits
681:zbojník
673:betyárs
653:Klephts
573:Decline
547:gallows
543:hanging
456:Reigate
444:Channel
427:on the
349:In the
337:pirate
273:outlaw
248:Lane."
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156:coaches
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1787:Hajduk
1704:(2019)
1696:(2018)
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1672:(1988)
1664:(1983)
1656:(1982)
1648:(1981)
1640:(1979)
1632:(1977)
1624:(1976)
1616:(1975)
1608:(1974)
1600:(1974)
1592:(1973)
1584:(1969)
1576:(1966)
1568:(1965)
1560:(1955)
1552:(1952)
1544:(1952)
1536:(1951)
1528:(1948)
1520:(1945)
1512:(1940)
1504:(1940)
1496:(1940)
1488:(1939)
1480:(1939)
1472:(1938)
1464:(1933)
1456:(1925)
1448:(1920)
1420:Papadu
1308:Slovak
1247:lupins
1160:sailor
1062:Geuzen
1002:Comics
828:Boyars
812:outlaw
804:Uskoci
776:Ezhava
744:Croats
732:Hajduk
693:Slovak
683:, pl.
677:Slovak
649:Greece
643:Greece
565:, and
537:, 1721
464:Sutton
421:Surrey
413:Exeter
329:, and
291:French
289:; the
162:; the
81:robber
79:was a
2701:(pbk)
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1437:Films
1352:(aka
1342:Ronda
1094:Music
1035:is a
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750:India
740:Serbs
448:Epsom
365:tóraí
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2738:ISBN
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2239:2016
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2118:2016
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